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catalogs, announcements, and publications. 
Shorter Contributions to Paleontology and 

Stratigraphy 1993 

William J. Sando, Editor 

A. The Crummies Member (New Name) of the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, 

Eastern Kentucky-Its Distribution and Biostratigraphy 

By Charles L. Rice, Thomas W. Henry, and Donald R. Chesnut, Jr. 

B. Upper Cretaceous Ammonites from the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley 

Formation at Its Type Locality in MeN airy County, Tennessee 

By William A. Cobban and W. James Kennedy 

C. A Giant Baculite from the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian of the 

Western Interior 

By William A. Cobban and W. James Kennedy 

D. Middle Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Ammonites from the Pecan Gap Chalk of 

Central and Northeastern Texas 

By William A. Cobban and W. James Kennedy 

E. Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) Nautiloids from New Mexico 

By William A. Cobban and James W. Kennedy 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073 

Chapters A through E are issued as a single 

volume and are not available separately 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

ROBERT M. HIRSCH, Acting Director 

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution 

Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center 

Denver, CO 80225 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and 

does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

Printed in the Eastern Region, Reston, Va. 

Manuscript approved for publication October 12, 1993. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

ISSN No. 1062-4295 
The Crummies Member (New Name) of the 

Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, Eastern 

Kentucky-Its Distribution and Biostratigraphy 

By Charles L. Rice, Thomas W. Henry, and Donald R. Chesnut, Jr. 

SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-A 

Naming and description of an important and previously 

miscorrelated marine unit in the Middle Pennsylvanian of 

the central Appalachian basin 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 

C~DNTENTS 

Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 1 

Introduction...................................................................................... A1 

Description and Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 1 

Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4 

References Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5 

Appendix: Type Section of the Crummies Member of the Breathitt Formation . . . . . A8 

FIGURES 

1. Map showing location of the type section and distribution of the Crummies Member of the Breathitt 

Formation and equivalent strata in eastern Kentucky and adjacent areas of Tennessee and Virginia................ A2 

2. Chart showing the correlation of the Crummies ~tlember of the Breathitt Formation and major stratigraphic 

marker beds from the type section of the Kanawha Formation in the Kanawha River valley to eastern 

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5 

TABLES 

1. Lists of fossils from the type locality of the Crummies Shale Member of the Breathitt Formation and two 

nearby localities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A3 

2. Composite list of invertebrate fossils from the lower part of the Breathitt Formation.................................. A4 

METRIC C01NVERSION FACTORS 

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

centimeter (em) 0.3937 inch 

meter (m) 3.281 foot 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile 

III 

The Crummies Member (New Name) of the Pennsylvanian 

Breathitt Formation, Eastern KentuckyIts Distribution and Biostratigraphy 

By Charles L. Rice ,

1 Thomas W. Henry, 2 and Donald R. Chesnut Jr. 3 

ABSTRACT 

The name Crummies Member of the Breathitt Formation is here given to a marine unit that I.C. White in 1885 

called the Cannelton Limestone in the Kanawha River 

valley of West Virginia. Rocks now assigned to the Crummies Member have been miscorrelated by other workers 

with the Campbell Creek Limestone of White (1885) in 

other areas of West Virginia as well as in eastern Kentucky 

and southwestern Virginia. Fieldwork and literature review 

suggest that the Crummies Member is an extensive deposit. 

In southeasternmost Kentucky, where it contains a varied 

molluscan fauna, it attains its greatest thickness; in northeastern Kentucky, it is present as a thin, discontinuous 

sandstone and sandy siltstone unit that contains more openmarine fauna. 

INTRODUCTION 

Geologists mapping poorly exposed and ill-defined 

marine units of Pennsylvanian age in eastern Kentucky 

before 1987 commonly accepted names that Hennen and 

Reger (1914) used for similar marine units underlying 

Logan and Mingo Counties in West Virginia. Three of these 

units (from oldest to youngest) are the Eagle Shale and 

Limestone of White (1891), the Cannelton (Stockton) 

Limestone of White (1885), and the Campbell Creek 

Limestone of White (1885). These three units, which are 

similar in appearance, were projected into eastern Kentucky 

from their type areas in the Kanawha River valley southeast 

of Charleston, W. Va. (fig. 1). However, the Eagle was 

incorrectly correlated with an older stratum, the Cannelton 

was miscorrelated with strata of the Eagle, and the CampManuscript approved for publication October 12, 1993. 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092. 2

U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225. 3

Kentucky Geological Survey, Lexington, KY 40506. 

bell Creek was miscorrelated with strata of the Cannelton 

(fig. 2). Regional correlation charts for Kentucky (such as 

Rice and Smith, 1980) unfortunately recorded these miscorrelations as part of the Pennsylvanian stratigraphic 

framework. Subsequently, the Eagle Shale and Limestone 

was renamed the Betsie Shale Member of the Breathitt 

Formation by Rice and others (1987). B.M. Blake, A.F. 

Keiser, and C.L. Rice (unpub. data, 1993) extended the 

Betsie Shale into West Virginia as a formal member of the 

Kanawha Formation for strata called there, as noted, the 

Eagle Shale and Limestone of White (1891). To correct the 

confusion surrounding the name and position of the Cannelton Limestone in eastern Kentucky, this extensive 

marine unit (incorrectly called the Campbell Creek Limestone of White ( 1885) before 1987) is here renamed the 

Crummies Member of the Breathitt Formation after the 

village of Crummies in Harlan County, Ky. The type 

section is a 109-ft section of shale, siltstone, and sandstone 

on U.S. Highway 421 about 1,500 ft east of Crummies (see 

appendix). 

DESCRIPTION AND DISTRIBUTION 

The Crummies Member is a unit of upward-coarsening 

shale, siltstone, limestone, and sandstone that is as much as 

140 ft thick at the type locality (Tazelaar and Newell, 

197 4). It directly overlies the Path Fork coal bed and is 

disconformably overlain by a coal bed or, more commonly, 

by a channel-fill sandstone. The member is unusually 

fossiliferous in the vicinity of Crummies and is well 

exposed at mine adits along Cranks Ridge and Lone Spur. 

The lower few feet of the member are dark-gray silty 

claystone that contains a varied molluscan fauna. At the 

type locality, the Crummies Member directly overlies the 

3-ft-thick Path Fork coal bed, which is extensively mined. 

Although the basal shale of the Crummies is reported to 

form a good roof for mining of the Path Fork coal bed, the 

roof rock dries out and tends to crack and spall down along 

Al 
A2 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

EXPLANATION 

Area of outcrop of 

Crummies Member 

D Subsurface extent of 

Crummies Member 

L.L.J Contact. Hachures indicate 

edge of basin 

I-.. .....__._ Thrust fault $ 

l 

Q:" 

KENTUCKY ~ 

~ '::¥~ $ 

QJ 

~ 

:::> 

u 

TENNESSEE 

Figure 1. Location of the type section and distribution of 

the Crummies Member of the Breathitt Formation and 

equivalent strata in eastern Kentucky and adjacent areas 

of Tennessee and Virginia. The distribution of equivalent 

strata in West Virginia is not shown because of the 

the main mining corridors and those used for ventilation. 

Some of this roof-fall material, which is periodically 

removed from the active mines, was found in a dump near 

the entrance of an adit on the southern side of Crummies 

Creek, approximately 3,600 ft ENE. of Little Creek Church 

(see Tazelaar and Newell, 1974). This dump provided a 

wealth of fossil material, which is listed listed in table 1. 

Throughout eastern Kentucky, much of the Crummies 

Member is below drainage, but it does form three major 

outcrop belts (fig. 1): (1) the belt along the Cumberland 

overthrust sheet, (2) the easternmost Kentucky belt, which 

extends generally northeastward from Kentucky and Virginia into West Virginia, where it is equivalent to the 

Cannelton Limestone of White (1885), and (3) the belt that 

borders the Cumberland Escarpment along the northwestern 

edge of the eastern Kentucky coal field. A Crummies 

Member inlier is present near Redbush, Ky. (fig. 1). The 

Crummies Member is commonly fossiliferous at the type 

locality on the Cumberland overthrust sheet (Chesnut, 

1991); however, no fossils have been reported in the unit 

southwest of Middlesboro, Ky. (fig. 1). In easternmost 

Cannelton 

WEST VIRGINIA 

50 MILES 

50 KILOMETERS 

uncertainty of correlation of the Cannelton Limestone of 

White (1885) with other marine units of the Kanawha 

Formation. The Cannelton Limestone takes its name 

from the village of Cannelton on the Kanawha River in 

West Virginia. 

Kentucky, the Crummies Member overlies the Pond Creek 

rider (Lower Elkhorn rider) coal bed, and its middle part is 

characterized by large discoidal limestone concretions as 

much as 5 ft in diameter; some linguloid brachipods occur 

in the basal part of the unit east and northeast of Pikeville, 

Ky. (fig. 1), and some invertebrate fossils are reported 

south of Pikeville (Barr and Arndt, 1968). The Crummies 

Member probably directly overlies the Kelly coal bed in the 

lower part of the Wise Formation in Virginia. 

Along the Cumberland Escarpment, a few marine and 

brackish-water fossils have been reported in the Crummies 

Member in the shale above the Blue Gem coal bed in the 

vicinity of Corbin, Ky. (for example, see Puffett, 1963) 

(fig. 1). No fossils are reported elsewhere in the southwestem part of this outcrop belt in Kentucky or in Tennessee, 

where the member occurs above the Blue Gem coal bed in 

the upper part of the Slatestone Formation. However, 

discoidal limestone concretions, found locally in the Crummies in the Corbin area, are also found in shale above the 

Vires coal bed in the vicinity of Jackson, Ky. (for example, 

see Hansen and Johnston, 1963) (fig. 1). In the area 
THE CRUMMIES MEMBER OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN BREATHITT FORMATION, EASTERN KENTUCKY A3 

Table 1. Lists of fossils from the type locality of the Crummies 

Shale Member of the Breathitt Formation and two nearby localities. 

[All in the Evarts 7.5-min quadrangle, Harlan County, Ky. Collections 

contain mollusks in which aragonitic shell material has been preserved; 

some pelecypods appear to have original coloration preserved. Faunas are 

biostratigraphically poorly diagnostic] 

USGS collection 30702-PC 

Site at abandoned mine on Path Fork coal bed on northern side of 

Days Branch; located on Cranks Ridge at point 1.8 mi SSE. of BM 

1,253 at Cawood, Ky., and 1.6 mi southwest of BM 1,419 at 

Crummies, Ky. Small collection from blocks of shale and weathered siderite nodules from dark-gray shale from zone about 15 ft 

above top of Path Fork coal bed. Type locality of Crummies Shale 

Member. 

Neochonetes? cf. N.? platynotus (C.A. White) 

Aviculopecten eaglensis? (Price) 

Astartella sp. indet. (immature specimen) 

Wilkingia sp. 

Trepospira (Trepospira) sp. 

Retispira sp. 

Straparollus (Euomphalus) sp. 

Phragmacone of orthoconic cephalopod (gen. indet.) 

Fragment of a goniatite, possibly Gastrioceras 

Trace fossil: Echinostoma? 

USGS collection 30703-PC 

From fresh cutface at active Terry Glenn Coal Co. Barn Branch 

Mine on Path Fork coal bed; located on eastern side of Barn Branch 

directly beneath powerline at point 0. 9 mi NNW. of BM 1 ,450 

(located on U.S. Highway 421 bridge over Barn Branch) and 0.9 

mi east of BM 1,419 at Crummies, Ky. Small collection from 3 to 

3.5 ft of dark-gray shale. 

Neochonetes? cf. N.? platynotus (C.A. White) 

So/enomorpha? solenoides (Genitz) 

Nuculopsis (Nuculanella) sp. 

Edmondia cf. E. ovata (Meek and Worthen) 

Naticopsis? sp. indet. 

USGS collection 30704-PC 

Large collection (mainly mollusks) from fallen roof shale of airline 

(shaft) in active Terry Glenn Coal Co. Mine in Path Fork coal bed; 

roof fall removed from about 3 ,000 ft of shaft and dumped beside 

mine buildings outside main portal; mine located on southern side 

of Crummies Creek at point 0.5 mi ENE. of Little Creek Church 

and 1.5 mi northeast of BM 1,419 at Crumrnies, Ky. Crummies 

Member of Breathitt Formation. 

Neochonetes? cf. N.? platynotus (C.A. White) 

Sandia? sp. indet. 

Desmoinesia nambeensis Sutherland and Harlow 

Large productid, gen. and sp. indet. 

Composita sp. indet. 

Phestia sp. 

A vicu/opecten eaglensis (Price) 

Pinna sp. 

Astartella newberryi Meek 

Myalinid, gen. and sp. indet. 

Edmondia cf. E. ovata (Meek and Worthen) 

Nuculopsis (Nuculanella) sp. 

Wilkingia sp. 

Lima cf. L. retifera (Shumard) 

Table 1. Lists of fossils from the type locality of the Crummies 

Shale Member of the Breathitt Formation and two nearby localities 

-Continued. 

USGS collection 30704-PC-Continued 

Bellerophon (Bellerophon) sp. 

Trepospira (Trepospira) depressa (Cox) 

Retispira sp. 

Straparollus (Euomphalus) sp. 

Ianthinopsis sp. indet. 

Orthoconic cephalopod, probably Pseudorthoceras 

Phragmacone of orthoconic cephalopod, gen. indet. 

Stearoceras sp. (small, coiled nautiloid) 

Tylonautilus? sp. indet. (large, coiled nautiloid with large 

lateral nodes) 

Ostracode: probably Bairdia 

Trace fossil (gen. indet.) 

Plants: Calamites fragments 

between Corbin and Jackson, shale beds of the Crummies 

Member are poorly exposed and difficult to distinguish 

from other shale units of that part of the stratigraphic 

section; however, apparently equivalent shales in this area 

locally are reported to be bioturbated (Rice and Lee, 1978). 

In the outcrop belt along the Cumberland Escarpment 

near Cannel City and northward (fig. 1), limestone concretions commonly occur above the Grassy coal bed (Sable, 

1978). Englund (1955) tentatively and incorrectly correlated these limestone concretions with the Campbell Creek 

Limestone of White (1885). Although Huddle and others 

(1963) correlated the Grassy coal bed of this area with the 

Upper Elkhorn Nos. 1 and 2 coal beds, a northwestward 

thinning of the section and the discontinuity of the several 

thin coal beds in this part of the section could easily result 

in the miscorrelation of the Grassy coal bed with a younger 

coal bed. Limestone concretions such as those reported 

above the Grassy coal bed commonly are reported about 15 

mi to the east in the inlier near Redbush, Ky. (fig. 1), at a 

stratigraphic position above coal beds equivalent to the 

Lower Elkhorn coal bed (for example, see Rice, 1969), and 

a thick sequence of fossiliferous calcareous shale and 

sandstone, which appears to be at the same stratigraphic 

position, has been quarried for road metal about 4 mi east of 

Redbush (Rice, 1968). Extensive collections of fossils have 

been made from the Redbush localities and are listed in 

table 2. Northwest of the inlier, Englund and DeLaney 

( 1966) reported a persistent marine zone above the Grassy 

coal bed near Isonville, Ky. (fig. 1), which contains large, 

silty, calcareous sandstone or silty limestone concretions 

and, locally, a fossiliferous ferruginous sandstone bed. This 

latter lithology also is reported above the Grassy coal bed as 

far north as Grayson, Ky. (fig. 1) (Whittington and Ferm, 

1967). A sandstone bed as much as 2.5 ft thick, which 

contains sparse marine fossil fragments, crops out in a small 

cove at road level just north of U.S. Highway 60 about 2 mi 

west of Grayson, Ky., and may be the Crummies Member. 
A4 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

At scatttered locations in southwestern West Virginia, a 

restricted brachiopod/bivalve fauna has been reported in the 

equivalent Cannelton Limestone of White (1885) by B.M. 

Blake, Jr., A. F. Keiser, and C.L. Rice (unpub. data, 1993). 

Thus, if the correlation of the Crummies Member with the 

marine unit overlying the Grassy coal bed in northeastern 

Kentucky is correct, then the facies distribution suggests a 

broad embayment extending from a more open-marine 

environment in northwestern Kentucky to a more restricted 

environment in the southeast, probably extending across all 

of eastern Kentucky and into a large part of southern West 

Table 2. Composite list of invertebrate fossils from the lower part 

of the Breathitt Formation. 

[From material (USGS collections 27491-, 27492-, 27493-, and 

39696-PC) from underground quarry and from spoil piles on northern side 

of Billy Cox Branch at point 0. 7 mi east of elementary school at village of 

Flat Gap, on border between Redbush and Sitka 7 .5-min quadrangles, 

Johnson County, Ky. Brachiopod fauna is a late Morrowan fauna assignable to Linoproductus nodosus Brachiopod Assemblage Zone of Sutherland and Henry (1975, 1980) and Henry and Sutherland (1977)] 

Rhabdomeson? sp. 

Rhomboporoid, gen. and sp. indet. 

Trepostomotous bryozoan 

Prismopora sp. indet. 

Cystodictya sp. indet. 

Lingula? sp. indet. 

Trigonoglossa sp. indet. 

Orbiculoidea sp. indet. 

Derbyia cf. D. crassa (Meek and Worthen) 

Neochonetes? cf. N.? platynotus (C. A. White) 

Plicochonetes? arkansanus (Mather) 

Large spinose productid, probably Buxtonia 

"Juresania" sp. indet. 

Echinoconchus sp. indet. 

Desmoinesia nambeensis Sutherland and Harlow 

Sandia sp. indet., possibly S. welleri (Mather) 

Linoproductus nodosus (Newberry) 

Marginovatia pumila (Sutherland and Harlow) 

Hustedia miseri Mather 

Composita ovata Mather 

Composita gibbosa Mather 

Anthracospirifer tanoensis Sutherland and Harlow 

Spiriferellina sp. indet. 

Palaeoneilo? sp. indet. 

Septimyalina sp. 

Aviculopecten n. sp. 

Schizodus sp. 

Permophorus? sp. indet 

Cypricardella? sp. 

Platyceras sp. indet. 

Strophostylus sp. 

Ianthinopsis sp. 

Gastropod, gen. and sp. indet. 

Pelmatozoan columnals 

Paladin morrowensis (Mather) 

Ditomopyge conwayense Wheeler 

Fish denticle 

Adetognathus lautus (Gunnell) 

Streptognathodus cf. S. cancellosus (Gunnell) 

Miscellaneous platform element fragments, indet. 

Virginia and southwestern Virginia. The Crummies reaches 

its greatest thickness in the southeastern part of the foreland 

basin along the Cumberland overthrust sheet in Kentucky 

and Virginia, where the basin had the greatest subsidence. 

The more open-marine fauna in northeastern Kentucky 

appears to have been deposited mostly in a relatively high 

energy environment as a thin sandstone or sandy siltstone 

that was preserved only locally. 

The Crummies Member is Middle Pennsylvanian 

in age and probably correlates with late Morrowan strata 

in the midcontinent. The oldest coal balls known in Pennsylvanian strata of the central Appalachian basin are associated with the Crummies Member. These coal balls, which 

contain mineralized plant debris and marine fossils such 

as shark denticles, occur in the upper part of the Path Fork 

coal bed (Phillips and Chesnut, 1980; Phillips and others, 

1985). The coal balls were collected from a locality on an 

unnamed branch of Cranks Creek about 1.5 mi SSW. of 

Crummies, Ky. 

CONCLUSIONS 

Detailed geologic mapping, published stratigraphic 

reports, and our own analysis of the stratigraphic section 

have shown that three regionally important marine unitsthe Eagle Shale and Limestone of White ( 1891), the 

Cannelton Limestone of White (1885), and the Campbell 

Creek Limestone of White (1885)-have been completely 

and repeatedly miscorrelated from their type areas along the 

Kanawha River valley to other areas of the central Appalachian basin. The Cannelton Limestone of White (1885) has 

been confused in past geologic reports in Kentucky, Virginia, and large areas of West Virginia with both overlying 

and underlying marine units. Renaming this uriit as the 

Crummies Member of the Breathitt Formation is essential to 

the development of a coherent nomenclature for the Middle 

Pennsylvanian of the central Appalachian basin. Furthermore, the Crummies Member is an extensive unit that this 

report shows can be identified in large areas of eastern 

Kentucky and adjacent areas. A further analysis of facies of 

the Crummies Member may lead to a better understanding 

of the tectonic framework in this part of the Appalachian 

basin in Middle Pennsylvanian time and the paleogeography 

of a major marine transgression that may have extended into 

Ohio and perhaps be identifiable in the Eastern Interior 

basin. 

The regional miscorrelations of many coal beds and the 

wide misuse of coal-bed names implied by figure 2 should 

be of great significance to coal geologists and to the coal 

industry in general. Such coal names as Campbell Creek 

and Cedar Grove have been extended to large areas of the 

Appalachian basin mainly because of their perceived relations to the miscorrelated marine units. This misuse of 

nomenclature reinforces the notion that, in the absence of 
THE CRUMMIES MEMBER OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN BREATHITT FORMATION, EASTERN KENTUCKY A5 

KANAWHA FORMATION, KANAWHA FORMATION, LOGAN AND BREATHITT FORMATION. KANAWHA RIVER VALLEY MINGO COUNTIES, 2 WEST VIRGINIA; EASTERN KENTUCKY4 

SECTION, WEST VIRGINIA 1 BREATHITT FORMATION, KENTUCKY3 

Campbell Creek Limestone Elkins Fork Shale of Morse Elkins Fork Shale of Morse 

of White (1885) (1931) (1931) 

Campbell Creek coal zone Cedar Grove coal zone and Upper Elkhorn coal zone 

Alma coal zone 

Cannelton Limestone Campbell Creek Limestone CRUMMIES MEMBER OF 

of White (1885) of White ( 1885) BREATHITT FORMATION 

Eagle coal zone Campbell Creek coal zone Lower Elkhorn (Grassy, Path 

Fork, Pond Creek) coal zone 

Eagle Shale and Limestone Cannelton Limestone of Betsie Shale Member of 

of White (1891) White ( 1885) Breathitt Formation 

Unnamed coal bed Matewan coal zone Matewan (Clintwood) coal 

zone 

(?) Eagle Shale and Limestone Unnamed marine zone 

of White ( 1891) 

(?) Little Cedar coal bed Hagy coal zone 

1

White (1914). 2Hennen and Reger (1914). 3Rice and Smith (1980). 4This report. 

Figure 2. Correlation of the Crummies Member of the Breathitt Formation and major stratigraphic marker beds from the type section of 

the Kanawha Formation in the Kanawha River valley to eastern Kentucky. Italicized units in the middle column have commonly been 

miscorrelated in southwestern West Virginia, Virginia, and eastern Kentucky from their type areas in central West Virginia. 

detailed mapping, geologists would be more prudent and 

better serve regional stratigraphic purposes by using local 

names for coal beds. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Barr, J.L., and Arndt, H.H., 1968, Geologic map of the Dorton 

quadrangle, Pike County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey 

Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-713, 1:24,000 scale. 

Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1991, Paleontological survey of the Pennsylvanian rocks of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, pt. 1, 

Invertebrates: Kentucky Geological Survey Information Circular 36, ser. XI, 71 p. 

Englund, K.J., 1955, Coal geology of the Cannel City quadrangle, 

Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 10, 21 p. 

Englund, K.J., and DeLaney, A.O., 1966, Geologic map of the 

Isonville quadrangle, eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological 

Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-501, scale 1:24,000. 

Hansen, W.R., and Johnston, J.E., 1963, Geology of the Landsaw quadrangle, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic 

Quadrangle Map GQ-201, scale 1:24,000. 

Henry, T.W., and Sutherland, P.K., 1977, Brachiopod biostratigraphy of Morrowan Series (Pennsylvanian) in northwestern 

Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma, in Sutherland, P .K., 

and Manger, W.L., eds., Upper Chesterian-Morrowan stratigraphy and the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in 

northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas: Oklahoma Geological Survey Guidebook 18, p. 107-115. 

Hennen, R.V., and Reger, P.B., 1914, Logan and Mingo counties: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey County 

Report, 783 p. 

Huddle, J.W., Lyons, E.J., Smith, H.L., and Ferm, J.C., 1963, 

Coal reserves of eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey 

Bulletin 1120, 247 p. 

Morse, W.C., 1931, The Pennsylvanian invertebrate fauna of 

Kentucky, in Paleontology of Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 6, v. 36, p. 293-348. 

Phillips, T.L., and Chesnut, D.R., 1980, Coal balls in lower 

Middle Pennsylvanian strata of eastern Kentucky-Occurrences and peat composition [ abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 12, no. 7, p. 4998. 

Phillips, T.L., Peppers, R.A., and DiMichele, W.A., 1985, 

Stratigraphic and interregional changes in Pennsylvanian 

coal-swamp vegetation-Environmental inferences: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 43-109. 

Puffett, W.P., 1963, Geology of the Corbin quadrangle, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map 

GQ-231, scale 1:24,000. 

Rice, C.L., 1968, Geologic map of the Redbush quadrangle, 

eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-708, scale 1:24,000. 

---1969, Geologic map of the Ivyton quadrangle, eastern 

Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 

Map GQ-801, scale 1:24,000. 

Rice, C.L., Currens, J.C., Henderson, J.A., and Nolde, J.B., Jr., 

1987, The Betsie Shale Member-A datum for exploration 

and stratigraphic analysis of the lower part of the Pennsylvanian in the central Appalachian basin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Bulletin 1834, 17 p. 
A6 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

Rice, C.L., and Lee, K.Y., 1978, Geologic map of the Oneida 

quadrangle, Clay and Owsley Counties, Kentucky: U.S. 

Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-14 70, 

scale 1:24,000. 

Rice, C.L., and Smith, J.H., 1980, Correlation of coal beds, coal 

zones, and key stratigraphic units in the Pennsylvanian rocks 

of eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous 

Field Studies Map MF-1188. 

Sable, E.G., 1978, Geologic map of the Cannel City quadrangle, 

eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1498, scale 1:24,000. 

Sutherland, P.K., and Henry, T.W., 1975, Brachiopod zonation 

of the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian System in the 

western United States of America [abs.]: International Congress on Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, 8th, Moscow, 1975, Abstracts, p. 274-275. 

---1980, Brachiopod zonation of the Lower and Middle 

Pennsylvanian System in the central United States: Congres 

International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, 8e, Moscow, 1975, Compte Rendu, v. 6, p. 71-75, 

2 figs. 

Tazelaar, J.F., and Newell, W.L., 1974, Geologic map of the 

Evarts quadrangle and part of the Hubbard Springs quadrangle, southeastern Kentucky and Virginia: U.S. Geological 

Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-914, scale 1:24,000. 

White, I.C., 1885, Resume of the work of the U.S. Geological 

Survey in the Great Kanawha Valley during the Summer of 

1884: The Virginia's, v. 6, p. 7-16. 

---1891, Stratigraphy of the bituminous coal field of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey 

Bulletin 65, 212 p. 

---1914, Introduction, in Krebs, C.E., and Teets, D.D., Jr., 

Kanawha County: West Virginia Geological and Economic 

Survey County Report, p. xvii-xxviii. 

Whittington, C.L., and Ferm, J.C., 1967, Geologic map of the 

Grayson quadrangle, Carter County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-640, scale 

1:24,000. 
APPENDIX 

APPENDIX 

Type section of the Crummies Member of the Breathitt Formation beginning about 

1,500 ft east of Crummies, Harlan County, Ky., on U.S. Highway 421. Measurement by 

altimeter. 

Thickness 

(ft) 

Sandstone, fine-grained, weathered; crossbedded, channel-fill, irregular base.......... 30+ 

Top of Crummies Member about 8 ft below BM 1668. Sandstone and siltstone, 

interbedded, in laminated sets 1 to 6 in. thick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Sandstone, silty; massive or disturbed bedding; slumped channel deposit.............. 2.5 

Sandy siltstone and siltstone, interbedded in thin laminated sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 

Siltstone and shale, interbedded with 3-in. lens of silty limestone at top and base...... 3 

Siltstone and shale, interbedded; in lower 10 ft, several silty sandstone or sandy 

siltstone beds characterized by massive or disturbed bedding, 1.5 to 5 ft thick . . . . . . 27 

Siltstone and shale, interbedded; 20-in.-thick silty limestone bed or zone of 

concretions at base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Siltstone and shale, interbedded in irregular sets, ranging from 1 in. to 1 ft thick; contains thin beds and discontinuous lenses of siderite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 

Covered (commonly exposed above mine entrances, upward-coarsening shale and 

siltstone; basal 10 ft fossiliferous, bioturbated dark-gray clay shale containing 

discoidal nodules of siderite 0.5 in. thick and as much as 2 in. in diameter 

throughout; sparse lenses of limestone several inches thick). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

Total thickness Crummies Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.5 

Coal bed (Path Fork), top part slumped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 

Covered......................................................................... 8 

Silty shale having 4-in. clayey sandstone 6 in. from base............................ 6 

Coal bed (unnamed).............................................................. 3 

Upper Cretaceous Ammonites from the Coon 

Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at its Type 

Locality in McNairy County, Tennessee 

By William A. Cobban and W. James Kennedy 

SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-B 

Descriptions and illustrations of upper Campanian 

ammonites from a classic North American locality 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 

1. Nostoceras 

2. Nostoceras 

CONTENTS 

Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 1 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 1 

Systematic Paleontology....................................................................... B2 

Suborder Ancyloceratina Wiedmann, 1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B2 

Superfamily Turrilitaceae Gill, 1871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B2 

Family Nostoceratidae Hyatt, 1894........................................ B2 

Genus and Subgenus Nostoceras Hyatt, 1894 ..................... B2 

Nostoceras (Nostoceras) approximans 

(Conrad, 1855)... .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . B2 

Nos toe eras (Nostoceras) hyatti 

Stephenson, 1941........... .. . . . . . . . . . B3 

Nostoceras (Nostoceras) helicinum 

(Shumard, 1861)....................... B3 

Genus Didymoceras Hyatt, 1894 ...... .......................... .... B4 

Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard, 1861)........ .. . . . . B4 

Didymoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves, 1895)... .. . . . . . . . . . B5 

Family Diplomoceratidae Spath, 1926 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B6 

Subfamily Diplomoceratinae Spath, 1926 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B6 

Genus Lewyites Matsumoto and Miyauchi, 1984 ........ .. . B6 

Lewyites sp............ .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B6 

Genus Solenoceras Conrad, 1860.............................. B6 

Solenoceras texan urn (Shumard, 1861) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B6 

Solenoceras reesidei Stephenson, 1941 . . . .. . . . . .. . . . B6 

Genus Parasolenoceras Collignon, 1969........... .. .. . . .. . . B7 

Parasolenoceras pule her Cobban and Kennedy, 

1991.... .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. B7 

Family Baculitidae Gill, 1871.......... .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. B7 

Genus Baculites Lamarck, 1799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B7 

Baculites undatus Stephenson, 1941..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B8 

Baculites claviformis Stephenson, 1941............... .. . . . B8 

Superfamily Scaphitaceae Gill, 1871.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. . B8 

Family Scaphitidae Gill, 1871... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. B8 

Subfamily Scaphitinae Gill, 1871......... .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . B8 

Genus Jeletzkytes Riccardi, 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B8 

Jeletzkytes nodosus (Owen, 1852) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B8 

References Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 10 

PLATES 

[Plates follow References Cited] 

3. Nostoceras, Didymoceras, and Lewyites 

4. Didymoceras 

5. Didymoceras 

6. Didymoceras 

7. Solenoceras and Parasolenoceras 

III 
IV CONTENTS 

8. Baculites 

9. Baculites and Jeletzkytes 

10. Baculites 

11. Baculites 

FIGURES 

1-3. Drawings showing1. External suture of Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard)............................................................ 5 

2. Part of the suture of Solenoceras reesidei Stephenson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

3. Sutures of Baculites claviformis Stephenson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 

METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS 

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

millimeter (mm) 0.0394 inch 

centimeter (em) 0.3937 inch 

meter (m) 3.281 foot 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile 
Upper Cretaceous Ammonites from the Coon Creek Tongue of the 

Ripley Formation at its Type Locality in McNairy County, 

Tennessee 

By William A. Cobban1 and W. James Kennedy2 

ABSTRACT 

The Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at its 

type locality in McNairy County, Tenn., contains an 

ammonite fauna that consists of Nostoceras (Nostoceras) 

approximans (Conrad), N. (N.) hyatti Stephenson, N. (N.) 

helicinum (Shumard), Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard), D. hornbyense (Whiteaves), Lewyites sp., Solenoceras texanum (Shumard), S. reesidei Stephenson, Parasolenoceras pulcher Cobban and Kennedy, Baculites undatus 

Stephenson, B. claviformis Stephenson, and Jeletzkytes 

nodosus (Owen). This fauna has generally been placed in 

the lower Maastrichtian, but it is here attributed to the upper 

Campanian, inasmuch as two of the characteristic species 

present, N. (N.) hyatti and J. nodosus, are confined to the 

upper Campanian in western Europe. A younger ammonite 

fauna of early Maastrichtian age is present, however, in the 

Coon Creek Tongue of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. 

INTRODUCTION 

The Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation, 

named by Wade ( 1917, 1926), has its type locality on Coon 

Creek in McNairy County, Tenn. (Sohl, 1960, p. 27, loc. 

1). Details of the sequence were given by Wade ( 1917, 

1926), and a historical review of the stratigraphic nomenclature was given by Sohl (1960). Some 8.2 m of exposed 

glauconitic, micaceous, silty clays contain calcareous concretions. The fauna was described by Wade (1926), and the 

gastropods were revised by Sohl ( 1960, 1964). The Coon 

Creek Tongue at its type locality contains Exogyra cancelManuscript approved for publication October 12, 1993. 1

U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225. 2

Geological Collections, University Museum, Parks Road, University 

of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PW, England, United Kingdom. 

lata Stephenson, 1914, a widely recognized zonal marker 

bivalve throughout the Gulf and Atlantic coasts (Stephenson, 1933); the base of the Coon Creek Tongue has been 

believed to mark the base of the Maastrichtian (for example, 

Sohl, 1960; Brouwers and Hazel, 1978; Russell and others, 

1982). A few ammonites were described by Wade (1926), 

but subsequent collecting by members of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and others (notably, P.L. Larson and 

his colleagues at the Black Hills Geological Institute in Hill 

City, S. Dak.) has greatly extended our knowledge of the 

ammonite fauna and forms the basis for the present account. 

The following species are described below: Nostoceras 

(Nostoceras) approximans (Conrad, 1855), N. (N.) hyatti 

Stephenson, 1941, N. (N.) helicinum (Shumard, 1861), 

Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard, 1861), D. hornbyense (Whiteaves, 1895a), Solenoceras reesidei Stephenson, 

1941, Parasolenoceras pulcher Cobban and Kennedy, 

1991, Baculites undatus Stephenson, 1941, B. claviformis 

Stephenson, 1941, and Jeletzkytes nodosus (Owen, 1852). 

The placement of this fauna in the Campanian as 

opposed to the Maastrichtian depends very much on where 

the boundary between the two is drawn; that delineation, in 

turn, depends on what fossils are used (Birkelund and 

others, 1984). A widely accepted definition for the 

Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary among macrofossil 

workers in western Europe is the first appearance of the 

belemnite Belemnella lanceolata and, stratigraphically a 

little higher, Hoploscaphites constrictus (J. Sowerby). This 

definition is adopted herein. Neither of these species has 

been found in North America, but two of the ammonites in 

the Coon Creek fauna occur in western Europe, where they 

can be shown to occur only in the upper Campanian, below 

the first appearance of B. lanceolata in the Vistula River 

Valley in Poland. There, Bfaszkiewicz (1980) recognized 

the following zonal sequence (zonal nomenclature has been 

revised to agree with taxonomic revisions given below): 

B1 
B2 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

lower Maastrichtian 

upper Campanian 

(part) 

{ 

Belemnella occidentalis zone 

Belemnella lanceolata zone 

{ 

Nostoceras (N.) hyatti [N. (N.) 

pozaryskii] zone 

Didymoceras donezianum zone 

Bostrychoceras polyplocum zone 

Nostoceras (N.) pozaryskii Blaszkiewicz is a synonym 

of N. (N.) hyatti, as discussed below, and is restricted to the 

N. (N.) hyatti zone. Jeletzkytes nodosus (Owen, 1852) is the 

senior synonym of Acanthoscaphites praequadrispinosu 

Blaszkiewicz (1980), which is also restricted to theN. (N.) 

hyatti zone. Both species occur at Coon Creek, and, on this 

basis, we correlate the present fauna with a part of the 

European uppermost Campanian. It is important to note, 

however, that the Coon Creek Tongue extends up into the 

Maastrichtian. In Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia, the 

Ripley yields a younger fauna of the N. (N.) alternatum 

zone that is undoubtedly Maastrichtian (Cobban, 1974a; 

Cobban and Kennedy, 1991). 

Many collectors contributed to the ammonites 

described or figured in the present report. The largest 

collections were made by the late N.F. Sohl (USGS), G.R. 

Scott (recently retired from the USGS), and NealL. Larson, 

Neal C. Larson, and Peter L. Larson of the Black Hills 

Institute of Geological Research. 

Most of the fossils described in this report are kept in 

the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) in Washington, D.C., and carry USNM catalog numbers. Some 

specimens are at the Black Hills Geological Institute in Hill 

City, S. Dak. , where they have BHI catalog numbers. 

Plaster casts of a few of the specimens are kept at the 

Federal Center in Denver, Colo. 

Some of the specimens were photographed by R.E. 

Burkholder, recently retired from the USGS in Denver. 

Kennedy acknowledges the assistance of the staff of 

the Geological Collections, Oxford University Museum, 

and the Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford, U.K., and 

the financial support of the Natural Environment Research 

Council (U.K.), the Royal Society, and the Astor Fund 

(Oxford). 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Suborder ANCYLOCERATINA Wiedmann, 1966 

Superfamily TURRILITACEAE Gill, 1871 

Family NOSTOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1894 

Genus and Subgenus NOSTOCERAS Hyatt, 1894 

Type species.-By original designation Nostoceras 

stantoni Hyatt, 1894, p. 569 (=Nostoceras? approximans 

Conrad, 1855, p. 266). 

Nostoceras (Nostoceras) approximans (Conrad, 1855) 

Plate 1, figures 4-9, 18, 19, 22-24; plate 2, figures 1-6, 11; plate 3, 

figures 1-3 

1855. Ancyloceras? approximans Conrad, p. 266. 

1860. Ancyloceras? approximans Conrad. Conrad, pl. 

47' fig. 4. 

1894. Nostoceras stantoni Hyatt, p. 570. 

1894. Nostoceras stantoni var. aberrans Hyatt, p. 

572. 

1894. Nostoceras stantoni var. retrorsus Hyatt, p. 

579. 

1938. Nostoceras stantoni (Hyatt). Roman, p. 445. 

1941. Nostoceras stantoni (Hyatt emend.) Stephenson. p. 407, pl. 80, figs. 1-5. 

1941. Nostoceras stantoni prematurum Hyatt. 

Stephenson, p. 409, pl. 80, figs. 6-8. 

1941. Nostoceras stantoni aberrans Hyatt. Stephenson, p. 409, pl. 80, figs. 9, 10. 

non 1955. Nostoceras spec. aff. stantoni aberrans Hyatt. 

Btirgl, p. 43, pl. 6, fig. 12. 

non 1957. Nostoceras aff. stantoni aberrans Hyatt. Btirgl, 

p1.17, fig. 3. 

1971. Nostoceras stantoni serratum Collignon, p. 12, 

pl. 644, fig. 2383. 

1974b. Nostoceras cf. N. stantoni Hyatt. Cobban, p. 

12, pl. 9, figs. 23-31. 

?1977. Nostoceras cf. N. stantoni Hyatt. Matsumoto, 

p. 323, pl. 61' fig. 3. 

1993. Nostoceras (N.) approximans (Conrad). 

Kennedy and Cobban, p. 414, figs. 

6.1-6.33, 7.21-7.23, 7.25-7.29, 8.1-8.5 

Type.-Holotype, by monotypy, is the original of 

Conrad (1855, p. 266) illustrated by Conrad (1860, pl. 47, 

fig. 4) in the collections of the Academy of Natural 

Sciences in Philadelphia, Pa., and said to be from White 

River, Ark. 

Description.-Nostoceras (N.) approximans is a common species in the fauna. The spire is fairly high and has an 

apical angle of about 53° to 92°. Whorls are in tight contact 

and have a concave impressed zone that accommodates the 

base of the preceding whorl. The outer whorl face, which is 

high and broadly rounded, merges into the more rounded 

lower whorl face. About 45 to 55 ribs per whorl are present. 

The ribs are straight and prorsiradiate on the upper and outer 

whorl faces and link singly or in pairs to bullate midlateral 

tubercles or intercalate between them. A second aperturally 

displaced row of tubercles lies at the lower whorl contact. 

One or two ribs loop between the tubercles of the two rows, 

and others are intercalated. The lower row of tubercles 

usually gives rise to single ribs, which, along with nontuberculate ribs, slant forward and are convex on the lower 

whorl face. As many as four strong, distant constrictions 

per whorl are present. The body chamber uncoils and 

recurves into a U. Ribbing on the initial sector is dense, 
UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM THE COON CREEK TONGUE OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION B3 

crowded, even, and bituberculate, followed by a section 

that has coarsened tubercles and ribs; the latter loop and 

zigzag between the tubercles in the two rows. Ribbing 

becomes regular, annular, and bituberculate on the final 

section of the hook. Sutures were not seen. 

Discussion. -The holotype of N. (N.) approximans 

and numerous other specimens from the Saratoga Chalk 

encompass a range of variation that includes N. (N.) 

stantoni Hyatt (1894) and the varieties aberrans, prematurum, and retrorsus. Nostoceras (N.) hyatti Stephenson 

(1941, p. 410, pl. 81, figs. 9-12) is a larger species that has 

much coarser ribs and tuberculation. Body chambers bear 

very coarse,distant ribs that have widely separated spinose 

tubercules on simple ribs or ribs that zigzag between 

tubercles, especially at the beginning of the final hook 

(Cobban, 1974b, p. 10, pl. 5, figs. 1-2; pl. 6, figs. 1-12; 

pl. 7, figs. 1-10). Nostoceras (N.) helicinum (Shumard, 

1861, p. 191; see Cobban 1974b, p. 8, pl. 4, figs. 1-2; text 

fig. 6) is also much larger and has a lower densely ribbed 

spire and a body chamber ornamented by coarse spines in 

two rows. 

Occurrence.-Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; Saratoga Chalk in Arkansas; Nacatoch 

Sand in northeastern Texas; the basal part of the Navesink 

Formation in New Jersey. Records from Colombia (Btirgl, 

1955, 1957) belong to other species, and those from Japan 

are doubtful and based on poor material. 

Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti Stephenson, 1941 

Plate 1, figures 10-12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 25-27; plate 2, figures 7-10, 

12-15; plate 3, figures 4, 5, 9-11 

1941. Nostoceras hyatti Stephenson, p. 410, pl. 81, figs. 

9-12. 

1974b. Nostoceras hyatti Stephenson. Cobban, p. 10, pl. 

5, figs. 1-21; pl. 6, figs. 1-12; pl. 7, figs. 

1-10; pl. 8, figs. 1-30, text fig. (with full 

synonymy). 

1980. Nostoceras pozaryskii Blaszkiewicz, p. 26, pl. 10, 

figs. 1-5, 8, 9, 11-15. 

1986. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti Stephenson, 1941. 

Kennedy, p. 90, pl. 20, figs. 7-9. 

1986. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) pozaryskii Blaszkiewicz. 

Kennedy, p. 92, text fig. 31A. 

1993. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti Stephenson , 1941. 

Kennedy and Cobban, p. 417, figs. 9.2, 

11.1-11.27. 

Types.-Holotype is USNM 77258, the original of 

Stephenson (1941, pl. 81, fig. 9) from the Nacatoch Sand 

on Postoak Creek on the northern edge of Corsicana in 

Navarro County, Tex. There are four paratypes. 

Description.-This species is common in the fauna. 

The moderately elevated spire has an apical angle of 65° to 

80°. Whorls are in contact, so that the upper whorl face is 

concave to accommodate the lower surface of the previous 

whorl. The exposed part of the upper whorl face and the 

outer and lower parts in intercostal section are broadly 

rounded. Some 43 to 60 ribs per whorl on the upper whorl 

face are straight, rectiradiate to slightly prorsiradiate, narrow, and sharp. Ribs link in pairs at coarse spines at the 

contact of the upper and the outer whorl faces. About 20 to 

25 ribs per whorl are tuberculate. Coarse prorsiradiate ribs 

link the tubercles in the upper row to similar-sized tubercles 

in a lower row; both rows may alternate in position. Ribs 

occasionally zigzag between tubercles. Single ribs extend 

from the tubercles onto the lower whorl face where, along 

with nontuberculate ribs, they are prorsiradiate and slightly 

concave and link into single ribs in the umbilicus. A few 

ribs are flared, and some interspaces may be deepened into 

constrictions. The body chamber uncoils into a twisted U, 

so that the aperture faces the base of the spire. On the first 

part of the U, ribs coarsen and become annular or zigzag 

between strong ventral tubercles. Ribs are coarser, simple, 

annular, and bituberculate ne£~r the adult aperture. Body 

chambers occur in two size ranges, an indication of dimorphism. 

Discussion. -Nostoceras (N.) hyatti has coarser ribbing than N. (N.) approximans and N. (N.) helicinum. The 

lack of numerous delicate ribs on the hook and the lack of 

lateral bullae separate fragments from N. (N.) helicinum. 

Nostoceras (N.) pozaryskii Blaszkiewicz (1980, p. 26, pl. 

10, figs. 1-5, 8, 9, 11-15), from the upper Campanian of 

the Vistula River Valley in Poland, were not compared with 

N. (N.) hyatti by its author, even though Cobban (1974b, p. 

3) noted the close similarities between Polish and American 

material. Nostoceras (N.) pozaryskii differs in no significant respects from N. (N.) hyatti and is regarded as a 

synonym by us. The Nostoceras cf. N. hyatti from Israel 

described by Lewy (1969, p. 118, pl. 1, fig. 4) is transitional to N. (N.) helicinum. The same author's N. (N.) 

hyatti (Lewy, 1969, pl. 1, fig. 5) has very widely separated 

tubercles. Nostoceras hyatti var. mitraikyensis Collignon 

(1970, p. 17, pl. 614, fig. 2293), from the middle Campanian of Madagascar, is more slender and more loosely 

coiled than N. (N.) hyatti. 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; Saratoga Chalk in Arkansas; Nacatoch 

Sand in northeastern Texas; lower part of the Navesink 

Formation in New Jersey. Baculites jenseni zone of the 

Pierre Shale in southern Colorado. Upper Campanian of 

Angola, Israel (?), France, and the Vistula River Valley in 

Poland. 

Nostoceras (Nostoceras) helicinum (Shumard, 1861) 

Plate 1, figures 1-3, 13-15 

1861. Turrilites helicinus Shumard, p. 191. 

1893. Turrilites helicinus Shumard. Boyle, p. 293. 

1894. Nostoceras helicinum (Shumard). Hyatt, p. 573. 
B4 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

1941. Nostoceras helicinum (Shumard). Stephenson, p. 

410, pl. 80, figs. 11, 12. 

1941. Nostoceras helicinum crassum Stephenson, p. 

412, pl. 81 , figs. 7, 8. 

1941. Nostoceras helicinum humile Stephenson, p. 412, 

pl. 81, figs. 4-6. 

1943. Nostoceras helicinum (Shumard). Haas, p. 2, figs. 

la, 6, 7. 

1960. Nostoceras helicinum var. crassum Stephenson. 

Easton, fig. 11.26-1. 

?1965. Nostoceras helicinum (Shumard). Howarth, p. 

383, pl. 8, figs. 3a, b, 5a-c. 

?1969. Nostoceras aff. N. helicinum (Shumard). Sornay, 

in Antunes and Sornay, p. 86, pls. 2-5. 

1969. Nostoceras helicinum (Shumard). Lewy, p. 120, 

pl. 2, figs. la, b. 

1974b. Nostoceras helicinum (Shumard). Cobban, p. 8, 

pl. 4, figs. 1-21; text fig. 6. 

1993. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) helicinum (Shumard, 

1861). Kennedy and Cobban, p. 414, figs. 

8.6-8.12, 9.1, 10.1-10.23. 

Types. -Shumard's types, from the Nacatoch Sand of 

Navarro County, Tex., are lost. The lectotype, selected by 

Stephenson (1941, p. 410, pl. 80, figs. 11, 12), is USNM 

21103a, from the Nacatoch Sand near Chatfield in Navarro 

County. The holotype of N. helicinum humile Stephenson is 

USNM 77263 from the Nacatoch near Kaufman in 

Kaufman County, Tex., and the holotype of N. helicinum 

crassum Stephenson is USNM 77261 from the Nacatoch 

Sand near Chatfield. 

Description.-This rather rare species is characterized 

by its low spire and dense ribbing. Stephenson's figured 

specimens have apical angles of 92° to 115°. The spire of 

the lectotype has 68 narrow, sharp ribs on the last whorl. 

About every third rib has a small, sharp, bullate node that 

represents either the lower or upper row of tubercles. Four 

constrictions per whorl are usually present. The U-shaped 

body chamber of this species has umbilical bullae and 

rounded ventral tubercles located on the same ribs and 

separated by two or three nontuberculate ribs. Tubercles are 

strongest on the elbow, and ribs coarsen near the aperture. 

Discussion. -Nostoceras (N.) helicinum differs from 

N. (N.) approximans and N. (N.) hyatti in its lower spire, in 

the presence of umbilical bullae on the body chamber, and 

in the more numerous nontuberculate ribs on the body 

chamber. Only a few helicoid whorls are present in the 

collections from the Coon Creek Tongue. 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; basal part of the Saratoga Chalk in 

southwestern Arkansas; Nacatoch Sand in northeastern 

Texas; lower part of the Navesink Formation in New Jersey. 

Also found in Israel and Angola. 

Genus DIDYMOCERAS Hyatt, 1894 

Type species.-By original designation, Ancyloceras 

nebrascense Meek and Hayden (1856, p . 71). 

Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard, 1861) 

Plate 3, figure 6; plate 4; plate 5; plate 6 , figures 4--6; text figure 1 

1861. Helicoceras navarroensis Shumard, p. 190. 

1926. Helicoceras navarroense (Shumard). Wade, p. 

184, pl. 61, figs. 8-11; pl. 62, figs. 1, 2. 

1928. Helicoceras? navarroense Shumard. Adkins, p. 

210. 

1941. Helicoceras navarroense Shumard. Stephenson, p. 

417, pl. 83, figs. 9-13. 

1959. Didymoceras sp. indet. Sornay, p. 222, pl. 7, figs. 

3a, b. 

1965. Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard). Howarth, 

p. 373. 

1969. Didymoceras cf. navarroense (Shumard). Lewy, 

p. 115' pl. 1' fig. 1. 

1974b. Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard). Cobban, p. 

16, pl. 11, figs. 1-4; text fig. 13. 

1993. Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard, 1861). 

Kennedy and Cobban, p. 421, figs. 12.1, 

13.1-13.18, 14.1-14.4, 14.13, 14.14. 

Type.-Neotype, designated by Stephenson (1941, p. 

418, pl. 83, figs. 9, 10), is USNM 77282, from the 

Nacatoch Sand near Chatfield in Navarro County, Tex. 

Description.-The earliest growth stages seen have 

whorl heights of 2.5 to 10 mm. These limbs are slightly 

curved, suggestive of an initial open criocone or possibly a 

hamitid coil in some individuals. The whorl section is 

compressed oval. Ornament on the flank consists of 

straight, prorsiradiate ribs that have a rib index of 5. Ribs 

are weak on the dorsum but strengthen across the flanks and 

may differentiate into weaker and stronger ones. The latter 

link in pairs at strong, bullate, flat-topped tubercles that 

occasionally preserve a septate spine. A low, broad rib or a 

pair of ribs links these tubercles across the venter. One to 

three weaker ribs separate looped pairs of strong ribs. Some 

of the weaker ribs bear weak ventral tubercles that are 

linked over the venter by weak transverse ribs. The later 

growth stages consist of a loose helix. The size at which this 

change occurs is variable; the presence of both large and 

small helices indicates dimorphism within the species. 

Ribbing is weak, uniform, and prorsiradiate on the inside of 

the whorl. The junction of inner and upper whorl faces is 

broadly rounded; the upper face is rounded intercostally and 

flattened costally. Ribs bend forward and are markedly 

convex and prorsiradiate; they link in groups of two or three 

large, blunt, rounded tubercles, 20 to 23 per whorl, at the 

juncture of upper and outer whorl faces. Occasional wellpreserved specimens show these flat-topped tubercles to 

represent the bases of septate spines. The outer whorl face 
UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM THE COON CREEK TONGUE OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION B5 

10m m 

Figure 1. Part of the external suture of Didymoceras navarroense 

(Shumard). Hypo type USNM 449439, from the Coon Creek 

Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, 

Tenn. E is external lobe, and L is lateral lobe. 

is flattened and crossed by prorsiradiate, sinuous ribs that 

loop in pairs or zigzag between the rows of tubercles. 

Tubercles in the lower row give rise to groups of two or 

three ribs that are prorsiradiate and convex on the lower 

whorl face. Ribbing and tuberculation coarsen markedly on 

the later parts of the adult body chamber, where single 

coarse ribs link tubercles or zigzag between them. Occasional weak, nontuberculate ribs extend over the upper, 

outer, and lower whorl faces. The deeply and intricately 

incised suture has narrow-stemmed, bifid saddles (text fig. 

1). 

Discussion.- Didymoceras navarroense is a conspicuous species in the present fauna. The species differs from 

D. hornbyense (Whiteaves, 1895a), described below, in its 

apparently looser coiling, flattened outer whorl face, and 

much coarser tuberculation. Coarser tuberculation, weak 

irregular rlbs, and differences in coiling of the early and late 

growth stages distinguish the species from the older D. 

cheyennense (Meek and Hayden, 1856; see Scott and 

Cobban, 1965; Gill and Cobban, 1973, fig. 5c), D. nebrascense (Meek and Hayden, 1856; see Scott and Cobban, 

1965; Gill and Cobban, 1973, fig. 5a), and D. stevensoni 

(Whitfield, 1880; Scott and Cobban, 1965; Gill and Cobban, 1973, fig. 5b). 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; Saratoga Chalk in southwestern 

Arkansas; Neylandville Marl and Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Texas. Baculites cuneatus zone of Pierre Shale near 

Kremmling in Grand County, Colo., and B. reesidei zone 

near Fort Collins in Larimer County, Colo. Upper Campanian of Israel and Angola; also recorded from Colombia 

(Petters, 1955, p. 216, 224). 

Didymoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves, 1895a) 

Plate 6, figures 1-3 

1876. Heteroceras cooperi Gabb. Meek, p. 367, pl. 3, 

fig. 7. 

1895a. Anisoceras vancouverensis (Gabb). Whiteaves, p. 

313, pl. 2. 

1895a. Heteroceras hornbyense Whiteaves, p. 316. 

1895a. Heteroceras perversum Whiteaves, p. 317. 

1895b. Anisoceras vancouverensis (Gabb). Whiteaves, p. 

130. 

1903. Anisoceras cooperi (Gabb). Whiteaves, p. 336, pl. 

43, fig. 1. 

1903. Heteroceras hornbyense Whiteaves. Whiteaves, p. 

332, pl. 42, figs. 1-4. 

1915. Turrilites (Hyphantoceras) hornybyence (sic) 

(Whiteaves). Yabe, p. 18. 

1921. Didymoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves). Spath, p. 

251. 

1925. Heteroceras (Bostrychoceras?) hornbyense 

Whiteaves. Diener, p. 91. 

?1925. Didymoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves). Haughton, 

p. 276, pl. 15, fig. 2. 

1943. Nostoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves). Haas, p. 5. 

1952. Nostoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves). Usher, p. 

103, pl. 27, figs. 1, 2; pl. 28, fig. 2; pl. 31, fig. 

23. 

1952. Anisoceras cooperi Gabb. Usher, p. 107, pl. 29, 

fig. 1. 

1958. Didymoceras whiteavesi Anderson, p. 196. 

1959. Didymoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves). Matsumoto, p. 157. 

?1963. Didymoceras aff. D. hornbyense (Whiteaves). 

Jones, p. 30, pl. 23, fig. 1. 

?1965. Didymoceras cf. hornbyense (Whiteaves). 

Howarth, p. 377, pl. 8, fig. 4. 

1982. Nostoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves). Case, fig. 

12 (72). 

Type. -Lectotype, designated by Usher (1952, p. 

104), is no. 5805 in the collections ofthe Geological Survey 

of Canada; it came from the upper part of the Lambert 

Formation of British Columbia. 

Description. - BHI 2014 is a fragment of half a whorl 

that has a whorl height of 26.5 mm. The whorl section is 

nearly circular in intercostal section. Ornament on the inner 

whorl face consists of delicate, rursiradiate, convex growth 

lines and striae that flex forward and are concave over the 

juncture of the upper and outer whorls. This ornament 

strengthens and passes prorsiradiate and slightly flexuous 

across the outer whorl face. Ribs join singly or in pairs at 

strong conical midlateral tubercles linked by delicate ribs. 

Some nontuberculate ribs are intercalated. Ribs loop to a 

row of slightly smaller tubercles at the junction of the outer 

and lower faces. These tubercles give rise to pairs of coarse 

ribs that are rursiradiate on the lower whorl face. 
B6 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

Discussion. -Large, binodose Didymoceras are 

known from horizons as young as the D. cheyennense zone 

in the Western Interior and are thus much older than the 

present material. The specimen from the Coon Creek 

Tongue is referred to D. hornbyense (Whiteaves, 1895a, p. 

316; see Usher, 1952, p. 103, pl. 27, figs. 1, 2; pl. 28, fig. 

2; pl. 31, fig. 23), a species that Ward (1978) used as an 

index fossil for the highest Campanian and lowest Maastrichtian in British Columbia. Howarth ( 1965) recorded the 

species as possibly occurring with N. (N.) hyatti in Angola. 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee. Upper Campanian of British Columbia and possibly Angola. 

Family DIPLOMOCERATIDAE Spath, 1926 

Subfamily DIPLOMOCERATINAE Spath, 1926 

Genus LEWYITES Matsumoto and Miyauchi, 1984 

Type species.-Idiohamites(?) oronensis Lewy, 1969, 

p. 127, pl. 3, figs. 10, 11, by original designation by 

Matsumoto and Miyauchi (1984, p. 64). 

Lewyites sp. 

Plate 3, figures 7, 8 

Description.-BHI 2016 is an apertural fragment that 

has a whorl height of 56 mm and a compressed whorl 

section. Flanks are very broadly rounded, and the venter is 

flattened, but, at the apertural end, the venter rounds. Ribs 

are coarse, flexuous, and prosiradiate, and each bears a 

pointed, transversely elongated ventrolateral tubercle. 

Growth lines strengthen toward the aperture into coarse 

lirae. 

Discussion.-This fragment is referred to Lewyites on 

the basis of comparison with the large phragmocone fragment described by Cobban (1974b) as Exiteloceras oronense (Lewy) from the Navesink Formation of New Jersey. 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee. 

Genus SOLENOCERAS Conrad, 1860 

Type species.-Hamites annulifer Morton, 1842, p. 

213, by original designation by Conrad (1860, p. 284). 

Solenoceras texanum (Shumard, 1861) 

Plate 7, figures 10, 16, 17, 19-24, 26-28, 30, 31 

1861. Ptychoceras texanus Shumard, p. 189. 

1894. Ptychoceras texanum Shumard. Hyatt, p. 580. 

1928. Oxybeloceras texanum (Shumard). Adkins, p. 

213. 

1941. Solenoceras texanum (Shumard). Stephenson, p. 

399, pl. 77, figs. 4, 5; pl. 79, figs. 1-4. 

1969. Solenoceras cf. S. texanum (Shumard). Lewy, p. 

127' pl. 3, fig. 8. 

1976. Solenoceras sp. cf. S. texanum (Shumard). 

Klinger, p. 77, pl. 34, fig. 7. 

Type.-Neotype is USNM 21092a, the original of 

Stephenson (1941, pl. 79, fig. 1), from the Nacatoch Sand 

near Chatfield in Navarro County, Tex. 

Description. -Solenoceras texanum is common in the 

Coon Creek fauna. Specimens in which the two limbs are 

joined occur in two different sizes, suggestive of dimorphism. The species is large and has fragments as long as 70 

mm. The shell consists of two parallel shafts in close 

contact; the dorsum of the larger shaft is sulcate to accommodate the dorsum of the smaller shaft. Shafts expand 

gradually. The whorl section of the smaller shaft is 

depressed and reniform, whereas the section is compressed 

and ovate on the larger shaft. Ornament on the smaller shaft 

consists initially of coarse, distant, low, prorsiradiate ribs 

that may or may not bear coarse, blunt, slightly clavate 

ventral tubercles. Periodic irregular constrictions, usually 

preceded by a thickened rib, are present. On the curved 

section between shafts, ribs become sharper and narrower 

and have well-developed sharp clavi linked across the 

venter by a low rib. Ribs are initially prorsiradiate but flex 

back and are markedly rursiradiate on the large shaft, where 

the ribs are rounded, straight, and prorsiradiate on the 

flanks and have a rib index of 4 or 5. All ribs bear sharp 

clavi connected across the venter by strong transverse ribs. 

Sutures were not seen. 

Discussion.-The distinguishing features of S. texanum are its large size, moderately spaced ribs, and the 

compressed whorl section of the larger shaft. These features 

distinguish the species from S. reesidei Stephenson ( 1941 , 

p. 401, pl. 77, figs. 1-3), S. multicostatum Stephenson 

(1941, p. 402, pl. 76, figs. 12-14), and S. annulifer 

(Morton, 1841, p. 109; also see Reeside, 1962, p. 121, pl. 

70, figs. 8-10). Solenoceras nitidum Cobban (1974a, p. 83, 

figs. la-k, 2) is distinguished by its lack of tubercles. 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; Nacatoch Sand of Navarro County in 

Texas; Baculites cuneatus and B. reesidei zones in the 

Pierre Shale in northern Colorado; upper Campanian of 

Israel; Maastrichtian(?) of Zululand in Africa. A poorly 

preserved fragment, best referred to as Solenoceras cf. (S.) 

texanum, was found in the Saratoga Chalk in Arkansas. 

Solenoceras reesidei Stephenson, 1941 

Plate 7, figures 1-9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 25 

1941. Solenoceras reesidei Stephenson, p. 401, pl. 77, 

figs. 1-3. 

1992. Solenoceras reesidei Stephenson. Cobban, 

Kennedy, and Scott, p. A6. 
UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM THE COON CREEK TONGUE OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION B7 

1m m 

Figure 2. Part of the suture of Solenoceras reesidei Stephenson. 

Hypotype USNM 449419, from the Coon Creek Tongue of the 

Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. E is 

external lobe, and L is lateral lobe. 

Types.-Holotype is USNM 77238, the original of 

Stephenson (1941, p. 401, pl. 77, figs. 1-3); it and four 

paratypes (USNM 77239) are from the Neylandville Marl, 

4.1 km north of Corbett, Navarro County, Tex. 

Description. -Solenoceras reesidei is fairly abundant 

in the Coon Creek fauna. Specimens fall into two size 

classes and presumably reflect dimorphism. The shell 

consists of two subparallel shafts, the dorsum of the larger 

one being sulcate to accommodate the dorsum of the 

smaller. The whorl section of the smaller shaft is depressed 

to circular, and that of the larger shaft is slightly compressed. Ornament of the smaller shaft consists of fine, 

dense, crowded, prorsiradiate ribs that have a rib index of 6. 

Most ribs bear delicate ventral tubercles. A few widely 

spaced constrictions are present, and each is preceded by a 

thickened rib. Ribbing strengthens markedly around the 

curved sector that connects the two shafts, where the ventral 

tubercles are prominent and separated by a deep midventral 

depression. Ribs are prorsiradiate at the end of the small 

shaft but become rursiradiate on the larger shaft, where the 

rib index is 6. Ribs on the large shaft are straight, narrow, 

and equal sized. Ventral tubercles are prominent at the 

beginning of the shaft and are present but very weak for 

most of its length. A conspicuous constriction and associated flared collar ribs are present close to the adult aperture. 

The little incised suture has bifid lobes and saddles (text fig. 

2). 

Discussion.-Dense ribbing and small size distinguish 

this species from S. texanum. Solenoceras multicostatum 

Stephenson (1941, p. 402, pl. 76, figs. 12-14) and S. 

annulifer (Morton, 1841, p. 109) are finer ribbed and have 

depressed, reniform sections up to the adult shaft. Solenoceras nitidum Cobban (1974a, p. 83, figs. la-c, 2) lacks 

tubercles. 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; Neylandville Marl and Nacatoch Sand 

in northeastern Texas; Baculites compressus and B. reesidei 

zones of the Pierre Shale in northern Colorado. 

Genus PARASOLENOCERAS Collignon, 1969 

Type species-Parasolenoceras splendens Collignon, 

1969, p. 44, pl. 530, figs. 2087, 2088, by original 

designation. 

Parasolenoceras pule her Cobban and Kennedy, 1991 

Plate 7, figures 13, 29 

1991. Parasolenoceras pulcher Cobban and Kennedy, p. 

C4, pl. 1, figs. 7-9. 

Types. -Holotype is USNM 442107; it and four paratypes (USNM 442108) are from the Nostoceras rugatum 

zone of the Nacatoch Sand at USGS Mesozoic locality 

D7861 on the old Confederate military road, 4.8 km 

northeast of Washington in Hempstead County, Ark. 

Description.-A few fragments consist of two widely 

separated parallel shafts connected by a narrowly curved 

section. The smaller shaft has a nearly circular whorl 

section and ornament of low, broad, distant, prorsiradiate 

ribs. These ribs are much weakened on the dorsum; they are 

stronger on the venter, where most bear blunt ventral 

tubercles linked across the venter by broad, slightly convex 

ribs. Occasional weak, nontuberculate ribs and widely 

spaced constrictions are present. Ribs become sharpened 

and crowded at the end of the initial shaft, where they 

become markedly convex and prorsiradiate; all bear flattopped tubercles that were the bases of septate spines. Rib 

direction changes from prorsiradiate to rursiradiate around 

the elbow, and the ribs become straight and prosiradiate on 

the larger, slightly compressed shaft, where the rib index is 

8. All ribs on the larger shaft have tubercles linked over the 

venter by narrow ribs. One specimen has a pronounced 

constriction on the curved sector and a weaker one at a 

larger diameter. The larger shaft is partially septate. The 

poorly exposed suture has broad, bifid saddles. 

Discussion.-Distinguishing features of Parasolenoceras pulcher are its small size, compressed whorls, and 

irregular development of tubercles on the smaller shaft 

along with some nontuberculate ribs. These features separate it from P. interruptum (Schluter, 1872, p. 102, pl. 32, 

figs. 8, 9), P. splendens (Collignon, 1969, p. 44, pl. 530, 

figs. 2087, 2088), and species described by Matsumoto 

(1984) and Matsumoto and Miyauchi (1984, 1986). 

Occurrence.-Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; Nacatoch Sand in Arkansas; Baculites 

reesidei zone of the Pierre Shale in northern Colorado. 

Family BACULITIDAE Gill, 1871 

Genus BACULITES Lamarck, 1799 

Type species.-Baculites vertebra/is Lamarck, 1801, 

p. 103, by subsequent designation by Meek (1876, p. 391). 
B8 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

Baculites undatus Stephenson, 1941 

Plate 8, figures 9-11; plate 9, figures 1-6 

1941. Baculites undatus Stephenson, p. 405, pl. 79, figs. 

5-10. 

1973. Baculites undatus Stephenson. Cobban, p. 459, 

figs. 2-5. 

1974b. Baculites undatus Stephenson. Cobban, p. 5, text 

fig. 3. 

1992. Baculites undatus Stephenson. Cobban, Kennedy, 

and Scott, p. A 7. 

Types.-Holotype is USNM 77245, the original of 

Stephenson (1941 , pl. 79, figs. 5-7) from the N acatoch 

Sand near Chatfield in Navarro County, Tex. Paratypes 

USNM 77246 and 77247 are also from the Nacatoch Sand, 

the former from the same locality as the holotype and the 

latter from another locality northwest of Chatfield. 

Description.-The species attains a fairly large size; a 

septate specimen 44 mm in whorl height was illustrated by 

Cobban (1973, fig. 3n). The shell has a moderate taper and 

a stout, subelliptical whorl section. Broad, blunt, crescentic 

ribs extend across the dorsal two-thirds of the flank; they are 

strongest on the dorsal half but weaken markedly on the 

dorsum or disappear. The ribs project strongly forward on 

the ventral third of the flank and then decline rapidly. These 

ribs and the interspaces between are covered by dense 

riblets that intersect the line of the venter at an angle of 20° 

to 30°. Internal molds retain the crescentic ribs, but the 

riblets may not be preserved. The intricately subdivided 

suture has broad bifid saddles and slightly narrower lobes 

(Cobban, 1973, fig. 4). 

Discussion. - Baculites undatus differs from 

co-occurring B. claviformis Stephenson (1941, p. 403, pl. 

1; pl. 77, figs. 6-8; pl. 78, figs. 1-6) in having a stouter 

whorl section and ornamented juveniles. 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; Nacatoch Sand near Chatfield in 

Navarro County, Tex.; Saratoga Chalk in Arkansas; Navesink Formation in New Jersey; Mount Laurel Sand in 

Delaware; Didymoceras cheyennense to Baculites reesidei 

zones of the Pierre Shale in Colorado and New Mexico. 

Baculites claviformis Stephenson, 1941 

Plate 8, figures 1-8; plate 10; plate 11; text figure 3 

1892. Baculites asper Morton. Whitfield, p. 278, pl. 46, 

figs. 10, 11. 

1907. Baculites asper Morton? Weller, p. 823, pl. 109, 

figs. 6, 7. 

1926. Baculites grandis Hall and Meek. Wade, p. 182, 

pl. 60, figs. 8, 12. 

1941. Baculites claviformis Stephenson, p. 403, pl. 1; pl. 

77, figs. 6-8; pl. 78, figs. 1-6. 

1962. Baculites sp. Reeside, p. 117, pl. 68, fig. 9. 

1974b. Baculites claviformis Stephenson. Cobban, p. 5, 

pl. 3, figs. 7, 8, 12-14. 

Types. - Holotype is USNM 77241; there are seven 

paratypes from the N acatoch Sand near Kaufman in 

Kaufman County, Tex. 

Description.-The shell expands fairly rapidly in juveniles (pl. 8, figs. 1-8). Juveniles have compressed ovate 

whorl sections and smooth flanks and dorsums; ventral 

ribbing is inconspicuous. Adults taper less than juveniles 

and have stouter whorl sections characterized by a flattened 

dorsum and narrowly rounded venter. Ornament on adults 

consists of broad, crescentic flank ribs or low, crescentic 

flank swellings, both of which weaken on the venter. The 

venter is crossed by low, convex ribs of irregular height and 

spacing (pl. 10, fig. 8; pl. 11, fig. 1). Suture has broad, 

bifid ElL, narrow, bifid L/U, and narrow, bifid U (text fig. 

3). 

Discussion.-The largest septate specimens in the 

collections from Coon Creek have whorl heights of 80 mm 

(pl. 11), 68 mm (unfigured specimen USNM 449436), and 

60 mm (pl. 10, figs. 6-8). A fragment of a body chamber 

has a whorl height of 110 mm (BHI 2024). 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee, Alabama and, possibly, Mississippi; 

Nacatoch Sand in southwestern Arkansas and northeastern 

Texas; Navesink Formation in New Jersey; Mount Laurel 

Sand in Delaware; Owl Creek Formation in Mississippi; 

Pierre Shale in Colorado and New Mexico. 

Superfamily SCAPHITACEAE Gill, 1871 

Family SCAPHITIDAE Gill, 1871 

Subfamily SCAPHITINAE Gill, 1871 

Genus JELETZKYTES Riccardi, 1983 

Type species. -Scaphites nodosus Owen, 1852, p. 

481 , p 1. 8, fig. 4, by original designation by Riccardi 

(1983, p. 14). 

Jeletzkytes nodosus (Owen, 1852) 

Plate 9, figures 7-11 

1852. Scaphites (Ammonites?) nodosus (n.s.) Owen, p. 

581' pl. 8, fig. 4. 

1880. Scaphites nodosus Owen. Whitfield, p. 441, pl. 

13, fig. 12. 

?1892. Scaphites nodosus Owen. Whitfield, p. 261, pl. 

44, figs. 13, 14. 

1896. Scaphites nodosus Owen. Gilbert, pl. 45, fig. 2. 

1905. Scaphites nodosus Owen. Smith, p. 638, pl. 3, 

fig. 14. 

?1907. Scaphites nodosus Owen?. Weller, p. 824, pl. 

107, figs. 1, 2. 

1916. Scaphites nodosus Owen. Diener, p. 565, text fig. 

16. 
UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM THE COON CREEK TONGUE OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION B9 

A 

10m m 

Figure 3. Sutures of Baculites claviformis Stephenson. From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy 

County, Tenn. E is external lobe, Lis lateral lobe, U is umbilical lobe, and I is internal lobe. A, Hypotype USNM 449434; B, hypotype 

USNM 449440. 

1917. Scaphites nodosus Owen. Dowling, p. 32, pl. 32, 

fig. 3. 

1925. Acanthoscaphites nodosus (Owen). Diener, p. 

205. 

1926. Scaphites reesidei Wade, p. 198, pl. 41, figs. 3-7. 

?1933. Acanthoscaphites nodosus (Owen). Elias, p. 320; 

pl. 38, figs. 1-3. 

1940. Acanthoscaphites nodosus Owen. Landes, p. 

177-178. 

1941. Scaphites rugosus Stephenson, p. 425, pl. 89, 

figs. 15-16. 

1970. Scaphites nodosus Owen. Jeletzky, pl. 27, fig. 7. 

1975. Hoploscaphites nodosus (Owen). Hirsch, text 

fig. 9b. 

1980. Acanthoscaphites praequadrispinosus Blaszkiewicz, p. 38, pl. 19, figs. 2, 3, 6-8; pl. 20, 

figs. 1-3, 6-8; pl. 21, figs. 1-6. 

1983. Jeletzkytes nodosus (Owen, 1852). Riccardi, p. 

15, pl. 2, figs. 1-8; text figs. 5-6, 7a. 

1992. Jeletzkytes nodosus (Owen, 1852). Cobban, 

Kennedy, and Scott, p. A8, pl. 3, figs. 2-5, 

7-11. 

Type. - Holotype, by monotypy, is no. 6381 in the 

collections of the Field Museum of Natural History in 

Chicago, Ill., from the Pierre Shale of "Sage Creek, 

tributary of the Cheyenne," near the Badlands of South 

Dakota. The specimen probably came from the Baculites 

compressus zone or possibly the B. cuneatus zone. 

Description. -Juvenile stages of this species are well 

represented by the holotype of Scaphites reesidei Wade 

(1926, pl. 41, figs. 3-7), an involute phragmocone 59 mm 

in diameter. The whorl section is compressed (though 

modified by crushing); it has a whorl breadth-to-height ratio 

of 0.8. Flanks are broadly rounded, and the venter is more 
B10 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

narrowly rounded. Weak primary ribs arise at the umbilical 

seam and strengthen across the umbilical wall and shoulder. 

These ribs are narrow, straight, and prorsiradiate on the 

inner flank, where they increase by branching or by 

intercalating. Ribs are convex around midflank and then 

flex back a little before they pass over the venter in broad 

convexity. Ventrolateral tubercles develop on some ribs that 

are separated by one to three nontuberculate ribs. A 

midlateral tubercle appears a little later in ontogeny. Ribs 

branch in pairs from both tubercles and may loop between 

lateral and ventral tubercles or between ventral tubercles. 

Additional ribs may intercalate on the outer flank to give a 

total of approximately 80 ribs per whorl. 

BHI 1981 is a nearly complete macroconch that has a 

length of 75 mm. The specimen shows coarse tubercles and 

ribs that persist onto the shaft of the body chamber and the 

initial part of the final hook. 

Discussion.-Workers on Gulf coast scaphites have, 

curiously, failed to recognize the presence of S. nodosus in 

the region. Both S. reesidei Wade (1926, p. 198, pl. 41, 

figs. 3-7 non Collignon, 1969), originally described from 

Coon Creek, and S. rugosus Stephenson (1941, p. 425, pl. 

89, figs. 15-18) from the Nacatoch Sand in Navarro 

County, Tex., are synonyms of Jeletzkytes nodosus. So too 

is Acanthoscaphites praequadrispinosus Bl'askiewicz, 1980 

(p. 38, pl. 19, figs. 2, 3, 6-8; pl. 20, figs. 1-3, 6-8; pl. 21, 

figs. 1-6) from the upper Campanian of the Vistula River 

Valley in Poland. 

Occurrence. -Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation in Tennessee; Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Texas; 

Saratoga Chalk in southwestern Arkansas; Navesink Formation in New Jersey; Baculites compressus, B. cuneatus, 

B. reesidei, and B. jenseni zones in the Pierre Shale in the 

Western Interior; Nostoceras (N.) hyatti [pozaryskii] zone 

of the Vistula River Valley in Poland. 

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PLATES 1-11 

Contact photographs of the plates in this report are available, at cost, from the U.S. Geological Survey 

Photographic Library, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. 
PLATE 1 

Nostoceras 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. All figures natural size] 

Figures 1-3, 13-15. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) helicinum (Shumard) (p. B3). 

1-3. Hypotype BHI 2002. 

13-15. Hypotype BHI 1999. 

4-9, 18, 19, 22-24. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) approximans (Conrad) (p. B2). 

4-6. Hypotype USNM 449390. 

7-9. Hypotype BHI 2003. 

18, 19. Hypotype USNM 449392. 

22-24. Hypotype BHI 2008. 

10-12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 25-27. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti Stephenson (p. B3). 

10-12. Hypotype USNM 449391. 

16, 17. Hypotype BHI 2004. 

20, 21. Hypotype USNM 449393. 

25-27. Hypotype USNM 449394. 
U.S. GEOLOOICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE I 

4 5 6 

9 

8 

10 

11 12 

14 

15 

19 

18 

16 

23 

22 

24 

NOSTOCERAS 
PLATE 2 

Nostoceras 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. All figures natural size] 

Figures 1---6, 11. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) approximans (Conrad) (p. B2). 

1. Hypotype USNM 449395. 

2, 3. Hypotype USNM 449396. 

4---6. Hypotype USNM 449397. 

11. Hypotype USNM 449399. 

7-10, 12-15. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti Stephenson (p. B3). 

7. Hypotype BHI 2005. 

8-10. Hypotype USNM 449398. 

12-15. Hypotype BHI 2007. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE 2 

8 9 

12 14 

NOSTOCERAS 
PLATE 3 

Nostoceras, Didymoceras, and Lewyites 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. All figures natural size] 

Figures 1-3. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) approximans (Conrad) (p. B2). 

Hypotype USNM 449400. 

4, 5, 9-11. Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti Stephenson (p. B3). 

4, 5. Hypotype USNM 449401. 

9, 11 . Hypotype BHI 2000. 

10. Hypotype USNM 449402. 

6. Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard) (p. B4). 

Hypotype BHI 2012. 

7, 8. Lewyites sp. (p. B6). 

Figured specimen BHI 2016. 
U.S. GEOLOOICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE 3 

10 

NOSTOCERAS, DIDYMOCERAS, AND LEWYITES 
PLATE 4 

Didymoceras 

[All figures natural size] 

Figures 1- 8. Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard) (p. B4). 

1, 2, 5, 6. Hypotype BHI 2013. From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. 

3. Hypotype BHI 2011. From the same locality as BHI 2013. 

4. Hypotype USNM 449403. Latex cast of a specimen from the Neylandville Marl at U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic locality 15543, 4 

km south of Ben Hur, Limestone County, Tex. 

7, 8. Hypotype USNM 449404. From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley 

Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. 
U.S. GEOLCXiiCAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE 4 

6 

DIDYMOCERAS 
PLATE 5 

Didymoceras 

[All figures natural size] 

Figures 1-23. Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard) (p. B4). 

1, 2. Hypotype USNM 449405. From the Neylandville Marl at U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic locality 15543, 4 km south of Ben Hur, Limestone 

County, Tex. 

3-5. Hypotype USNM 449406. From the same locality as USNM 449405. 

6, 7. Hypotype USNM 449407. From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley 

Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. 

8-10. Hypotype USNM 449408. From the same locality as USNM 449407. 

11, 12. Hypotype BHI 2009. From the same locality as USNM 449407. 

13-15. Hypotype USNM 449409. From the same locality as USNM 449407. 

16-18. Hypotype USNM 449410. From the same locality as USNM 449407. 

19-21. Hypotype USNM 449411. From the same locality as USNM 449407. 

22, 23. Hypotype USNM 449412. From the same locality as USNM 449407. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

~· ") 

~ ~. . ~i ' c 

2 4 6 

BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE 5 

7 

9 

23 

DIDYMOCERAS 
PLATE 6 

Didymoceras 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. All figures natural size] 

Figures 1-3. Didymoceras hornbyense (Whiteaves) (p. B5). 

Hypotype BHI 2014. 

4-6. Didymoceras navarroense (Shumard) (p. B4). 

4. Hypotype USNM 449413. 

5. Hypotype USNM 449404. For other views, see plate 4, figures 7 and 8. 

6. Hypotype USNM 449414. 
U.S . GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE 6 

4 

3 

5 

DIDYMOCERAS 
PLATE 7 

Solenoceras and Parasolenoceras 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. All figures natural size except as indicated] 

Figures 1-9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 25. Solenoceras reesidei Stephenson (p. B6). 

1. Hypotype BHI 1989. 

2. Hypotype BHI 1988. 

3. Hypotype USNM 449415. x2. 

4. Hypotype BHI 1991. 

5. Hypotype BHI 1993. 

6, 7. Hypotype USNM 449416. x2. 

8, 9. Hypotype USNM 449417 . x2. 

11, 12. Hypotype USNM 449418. X2. 

14, 15. Hypotype USNM 449419. X2. 

18. Hypotype USNM 449420. X2. 

25. Hypotype USNM 449421. x2. 

10, 16, 17, 19-24, 26-28, 30, 31. Solenoceras texanum (Shumard) (p. B6). 

10. Hypotype BHI 1995 . 

16. Hypotype USNM 449422. 

17. Hypotype USNM 449423. 

19, 20. Hypotype USNM 449424. X2. 

21. Hypotype BHI 1994. 

22, 23. Hypotype USNM 449425. X2. 

24. Hypotype USNM 449426. X2. 

26. Hypotype USNM 449427. X2. 

27. Hypotype USNM 449428. X2. 

28. Hypotype BHI 1990. 

30. Hypotype BHI 1987. 

31. Hypotype BHI 1996. 

13, 29. Parasolenoceras pulcher Cobban and Kennedy (p. B7). 

13. Hypotype BHI 2032. 

29. Hypotype BHI 1986. 
U.S . GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

11 

~ 

ilifx2 

14 

x2 

22 

2 

12 

23 

28 

3 

x2 

16 

24 

BULLETIN 2073- B-PLATE 7 

4 

8 9 

13 

18 19 20 

21 

25 

29 30 

SOLENOCERAS AND PARASOLENOCERAS 
PLATE 8 

Baculites 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. All figures natural size] 

Figures 1-8. Baculites claviformis Stephenson (p. B8). 

1-3. Hypotype USNM 449429. 

4--6. Hypotype USNM 449430 . 

7, 8. Hypotype USNM 449431. 

9-11. Baculites undatus Stephenson (p. B8). 

Hypotype USNM 449437. 
BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE 8 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

3 

4 

5 6 

7 8 9 

BACVLITES 
PLATE 9 

Baculites and Jeletzkytes 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. All figures natural size] 

Figures 1-6. Baculites undatus Stephenson (p. B8). 

1-3. Hypotype USNM 449438. 

4---6. Hypotype BHI 2018. 

7-11. Jeletzkytes nodosus (Owen) (p. B8). 

7, 8. Hypotype BHI 1983. 

9-11. Hypotype BHI 1981. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

2 

7 

8 9 

3 

4 

10 

BACUUTES AND JELEIZKITES 

BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE 9 

6 

11 
PLATE 10 

Baculites 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. All figures natural size] 

Figures 1- 8. Baculites claviformis Stephenson (p. B8). 

1, 2. Hypotype USNM 449432. 

3-5. Hypotype USNM 449433. 

fr-8. Hypotype USNM 449434. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-B-PLATE 10 

2 

3 

4 5 

BACUUTES 
PLATE 11 

Baculites 

[From the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley Formation at Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. Figures three-fourths natural size] 

Figures 1-3. Baculites claviformis Stephenson (p. B8). 

Hypotype USNM 449435. 
U.S. GEOLOOICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073- B- PLATE 11 

2 

3 

BACUUFES 

A Giant Baculite from the Upper Campanian and 

Lower Maastrichtian of the Western Interior 

By William A. Cobban and W. James Kennedy 

SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY. 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-C 

Description of Pseudobaculites natosini (Robinson, 1945) 

from the Bearpaw Shale of Montana, the Lewis Shale of 

Wyoming, and the Pierre Shale of Colorado 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 

CONTENTS 

Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 1 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 1 

Localities of Pseudobaculites natosini (Robinson, 1945)............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C1 

Systematic Paleontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 1 

Family Baculitidae Gill, 1871 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . C1 

Genus Pseudobaculites Cobban, 1952....... .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . C1 

Pseudobaculites natosini (Robinson, 1945) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2 

References Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C3 

PLATES 

[Plates follow References Cited] 

1, 2. Pseudobaculites natosini (Robinson, 1945) 

FIGURES 

1. Map showing localities in part of the Western Interior of the United States where Pseudobaculites natosini 

has been collected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2 

TABLE 

1. Localities at which Pseudobaculites was collected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C3 

METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS 

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

millimeter (mm) 0.0394 inch 

centimeter (em) 0.3937 inch 

meter (m) 3.281 foot 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile 

ill 

A Giant Baculite From the Upper Campanian and Lower 

Maastrichtian of the Western Interior 

By William A. Cobban1 and W. James Kennedy2 

ABSTRACT 

Pseudobaculites natosini (Robinson, 1945) is the largest baculite (straight or nearly straight ammonite) known 

from the Western Interior of Canada and the United States. 

The species is characterized by its high expansion rate, 

compressed whorl section, and deeply incised suture that 

has the terminal branches of the lateral lobe constricted at 

their bases. Occurrences of the species are in the upper 

Campanian zone of Baculites jenseni and in the lower 

Maastrichtian zone of B. eliasi in Montana, Wyoming, and 

Colorado. The known occurrence in Saskatchewan has not 

been placed in the baculitid sequence. 

INTRODUCTION 

Robinson (1945, p. 52, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6) described, as 

Baculites natosini n. sp., a fragment of a body chamber of a 

very large, compressed, smooth baculite that has a whorl 

height of 240 mm. The specimen is from the Bearpaw Shale 

of southwestern Saskatchewan. Collections made by members of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from the upper 

Campanian zone of Baculites jenseni and from the lower 

Maastrichtian zone of B. eliasi in Montana, Wyoming, and 

Colorado show that Robinson's species is the largest baculite known in the Western Interior of North America. In 

addition to its great size, the species is set apart from 

contemporary baculites by the unusually high expansion 

rate, very compressed whorl section, and deeply divided 

suture. These features necessitate an assignment of Robinson's species to Pseudobaculites Cobban (1952), a genus 

previously known mainly from the upper Coniacian of 

Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. 

The present paper adds more information regarding the 

morphologic character of P. natosini as well as data 

Manuscript approved for publication October 12, 1993. 1

U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225. 2

Geological Collections, University Museum, Parks Road, University 

of Oxford, OX1 3PW, England, U.K. 

concerning its geographic and stratigraphic distribution. 

The species has not previously been reported from the 

United States, but the published records of Pseudobaculites 

sp. near Kremmling, Colo. (Izett and others, 1971, p. A7), 

and in east-central Montana (Gill and others, 1972, p. 94) 

probably represent this species. 

Most of the specimens described herein are kept in the 

National Museum of Natural History (USNM) in Washington, D.C., and have USNM catalogue numbers 458236 

through 458244. Some of the specimens figured here were 

photographed by R.E. Burkholder, recently retired from the 

USGS. Kennedy acknowledges the financial support of the 

Natural Environment Research Council (U.K.) and the 

technical assistance of the staff of the Geological Collections, Unive~sity Museum, Oxford, and the Department of 

Earth Sciences (Oxford). 

LOCALITIES OF PSEUDOBACULITES 

NATOSINI (ROBINSON, 1945) 

Pseudobaculites natosini is present in 16 USGS collections from Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado. Localities of these collections are shown in figure 1, and data 

concerning the locality number, name(s) of collectors, year 

of collection, locality, and stratigraphic assignment are 

given in table 1. The prefix D indicates Denver Mesozoic 

locality numbers; the rest are Washington, D.C., Mesozoic 

locality numbers. 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Family BACULITIDAE Gill, 1871 

Genus PSEUDOBACULITES Cobban, 1952 

Type species.-Pseudobaculites nodosus Cobban, 

1952, p. 759, pl. 110, figs. 1-10, 17, 18, by original 

designation. 

Diagnosis-Medium-sized to very large baculitids 

having a high angle of taper and a deeply incised, complex 

suture. Whorl section is oval to elliptical and may be very 

C1 
C2 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

compressed. Flanks are usually smooth but may have a row 

of dorsolateral tubercles. Venter is smooth or has low, 

broad ribs. 

Discussion.-Large size and a high expansion rate 

combined with great sutural complexity separate Pseudobaculites from all other Western Interior baculites. The 

genus has a curious disjunct stratigraphic distribution. 

Occurrence. -Middle(?) and upper Coniacian of 

Wyoming; upper Coniacian of Utah, Colorado, and New 

Mexico; uppermost Campanian and lowermost Maastrichtian of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado. Also found in 

Campanian or Maastrichtian in Saskatchewan. 

Pseudobaculites natosini (Robinson) 

Plates 1, 2 

1945. Baculites natosini Robinson, p. 52, pl. 1, figs. 

5, 6. 

Types.-Holotype, by monotypy, is no. 9119 in the 

collections of the Geological Survey of Canada, the original 

of Robinson (1945, pl. 1 , figs. 5, 6) from 96 m below the 

top of the Bearpaw Shale on McShane Creek in sec. 13, T. 

9, R. 27, west third meridian, in southwestern Saskatchewan. Hypotypes are USNM 458236 through 458244 from 

the Lewis and Pierre Shales in central and eastern Wyoming. 

Material. -About 25 specimens were available for 

study. Most are uncrushed internal molds from sandstone 

and limestone concretions. Nearly half of the specimens are 

from a small area in central Wyoming. 

Description.-The holotype is part of an internal mold 

of a huge body chamber that has a whorl height (Wh) of 240 

mm, a whorl breadth (Wb) of 140 mm, a Wb:Wh ratio of 

0.58, and an angle of taper of about 6°. The whorl section 

is a compressed oval. Growth lines are the only ornament; 

they are broadly convex on the dorsum, flexed back into a 

broad arc on the dorsal half of the flanks, and then projected 

strongly forward on the ventral part of the flanks and on the 

venter. The form of the growth lines is the same as that of 

Baculites (for example, Stephenson, 1941, pl. 77, fig. 6; pl. 

78, figs. 1, 2). 

None of the specimens in the USGS's collections from 

the Western Interior of the United States attains the size of 

the holotype. The largest specimen (USNM 458236), from 

the lower Maastrichtian Baculites eliasi zone in the Pierre 

Shale at locality D3192 (text fig. 1, table 1), is a small part 

of a body chamber that has a whorl height of 218 mm and 

a whorl breadth of 113 mm (Wb:Wh=0.52). Its compressed 

ovate section has a very broadly rounded dorsum, somewhat flattened flanks, and a rather narrowly rounded venter. 

Ornament is lacking, other than a few faint growth lines that 

follow a sinuous course like that of the holotype. 

Twelve specimens examined from the uppermost Campanian zone of Baculites jenseni in the Lewis Shale in 

central Wyoming have diameters ranging from 63 to 152 

1W 103° .---------------,---------------~ 

-------- CAN~D~--

H UNITED STATES --T- • avre 

I 

I 

• Lewistown MONTANA 

XD783 

03593 

45° -----

Lander 

WYOMING 

xD4680 

D486 

D3414 

g~ci6~ X 

D4666 

8507 

23549 

• Rawlins 

Casper 

~ Cheyenne I 

-----r----- 1 XD11699 

____ • __ J.__ 

XD5031 

•Fort Collins 

UTAH 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

•Craig 

Kremmling 

COLORADO 

• Colorado Springs 

ePueblo 

3r _____ j_ ________________ _ 

100 200 MILES 

100 200 KILOMETERS 

Figure 1. Localities in part of the Western Interior of the United 

States where Pseudobaculites natosini has been collected. Numbers are U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic localities (table 1). 

mm at the base of their body chambers. Growth angles 

range from 10° to 15°. Whorl sections are ovate to subelliptical (pl. 1, fig. 2), and all are narrow. Most specimens 

are smooth except for weak growth lines (pl. 1, figs. 1, 3, 

4). Two specimens (USNM 458237, 458238) have faint 

ventral ribs that number about seven in a distance equal to 

the whorl height. The largest specimen from the Lewis 

Shale (USNM 458239), a fragment of the last three chambers and a small part of the body chamber, has an angle of 
A GIANT BACULITE FROM THE UPPER CAMPANIAN AND LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN C3 

Table 1. Localities at which Pseudobaculites was collected 

U.S. Geological 

Survey 

Mesozoic locality 

Collector(s), year of collection, 

and description of locality 

D144 .......... W.P. Pecora and others, 1957. NWlf4SWlf4 sec. 9, 

T. 27 N., R. 20 E., Blaine County, Mont. Bearpaw 

Shale, about 90 to 120m below top. 

D783 .......... H.R. Smith, P.W. Richards, and W.A. Cobban, 

1955. About 23 km NNE. of Melstone, in the NWl/4 

sec. 24, T. 12 N., R. 31 E., Rosebud County, Mont. 

Bearpaw Shale, about 270 to 275 m above base. 

D3583 ......... J.R. Gill, L.G. Schultz, and W.A. Cobban, 1961. 

Slf2 sec. 25, T. 7 N., R. 40 E., Rosebud County, 

Mont. Bearpaw Shale, 213 m above base. 

D4680 ......... R.C. Givens, 1964. NEl/4 sec. 36, T. 44 N., R. 90 

W., Washakie County, Wyo. Lewis Shale, 51.8 m 

above base. 

D486 .......... W.A. Cobban, 1955. SE1f4 sec. 30, T. 35 N., R. 84 

W., Natrona County, Wyo. Lewis Shale. 

D3414 ......... A.D. Zapp, 1961. SWlf4 sec. 13, T. 35 N., R. 85 

W., Natrona County, Wyo. Lewis Shale, 82 m above 

base. 

D3415 ......... A.D. Zapp, 1961. SElf4SWlf4 sec. 24, T. 35 N., R. 

85 W., Natrona County, Wyo. Lewis Shale, 87 m 

above base. 

D4508 ......... W.H. Laraway, 1964. SE1/4SW1f4 sec. 24, T. 35 N., 

R. 85 W., Natrona County, Wyo. Lewis Shale. 

D4666 ......... J.R. Gill, 1964. SE1/4SW1f4 sec. 31, T. 36 N., R. 85 

W., Natrona County, Wyo. Lewis Shale, 48.8 m 

above base. 

8507 ........... C.J. Hares, 1913. Sec. 14, T. 35 N., R. 85 W., Natrona County, Wyo. Lewis Shale. 

23549 .......... H.A. Tourtelot, 1951. Sec. 10, T. 36 N., R. 86 W., 

Natrona County, Wyo. Lewis Shale. 

D3192 ......... J.R. Gill, 1961. NEI/4SW1f4 sec. 26, T. 36 N., R. 65 

W., Niobrara County, Wyo. Pierre Shale, from upper 

part. 

D11699 ........ C.S.V. Barclay, 1981. NWlf4 sec. 13, T. 12 N., R. 

89 W., Moffat County, Colo. Almond Formation, 

from upper part. 

D503l ......... R.E. Burkholder and W.A. Cobban, 1965. 

SE1/4NW1f4 sec. 19, T. 11 N., R. 68 W., Larimer 

County, Colo. Pierre Shale, from 10.6 m above base 

of Richard Sandstone Member. 

D7047 ......... G.A. Izett, 1969. NEI/4SW1f4 sec. 8, T. 3 N., R. 80 

W., Grand County, Colo. Pierre Shale, 6 m above 

lower sandstone unit of Gunsight Pass Member. 

D476 .......... R. Van Hom, 1955. SE1f4SEI/4 sec. 20, T. 2 S., R. 

70 W., Jefferson County, Colo. Pierre Shale, about 

900 m above base. 

taper of 11 o, a whorl height of 152 mm at the base of the 

body chamber, and a whorl breadth of 72 mm 

(Wb: Wh=0.48). The smallest specimen (USNM 458240) is 

somewhat crushed and has a diameter of 33 mm at its 

smaller end and an angle of taper of 13°. Sutures are well 

displayed on the second largest specimen from the Lewis 

Shale (pl. 2), which has a whorl height of 141 mm, a whorl 

breadth of 60 mm (Wb: Wh =0 .43), and an angle of taper of 

15°. Terminal branches of the lateral lobe are constricted at 

their base, like those of the type species for the genus 

(Cobban, 1952, pl. 110, fig. 3) as well as those of the B. 

compressus group (Scott and Cobban, 1965; Gill and 

Cobban, 1973). 

The largest specimen of B. natosini that the authors 

know about is part of a body chamber 260 mm in whorl 

height housed in the collections of the Department of 

Geology of Rocky Mountain College in Billings, Mont. The 

locality of the specimen is unknown, but it is probably from 

the upper part of the Bearpaw Shale of central Montana. 

Discussion. -Large size, very compressed whorls, 

and pronounced taper distinguish Pseudobaculites natosini 

from contemporaneous late Campanian and early Maastrichtian species of Baculites. Pseudobaculites wyoming ensis Cobban (1952, p. 760, pl. 110, figs. 11-16, 19-21), 

from the middle(?) and upper Coniacian, closely resembles 

P. natosini in its rapid taper, very compressed whorl, and 

complex suture; it may differ only in its smaller size (none 

is known that has a septate diameter of more than 40.5 

mm). Pseudobaculites nodosus Cobban (1952, p. 759, pl. 

110, figs. 1-10, 17, 18), of late Coniacian age, differs from 

P. natosini in having a much smaller size, flank tubercles, 

and a well-ribbed venter. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Cobban, W.A. 1952, A new Upper Cretaceous ammonite genus 

from Wyoming and Utah: Journal of Paleontology, v. 26, no. 

5, p. 758-760, pl. 110. 

Gill, J.R., and Cobban, W.A., 1973, Stratigraphy and geologic 

history of the Montana Group and equivalent rocks, Montana, Wyoming, and North and South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 776, 37 p. 

Gill, J.R., Cobban, W.A., and Schultz, L.G., 1972, Correlation, 

ammonite zonation, and a reference section for the Montana 

Group, central Montana, in Montana Geological Society, 

21st annual field conference, 1972, Guidebook, Crazy Mountains Basin: p. 91-97. 

Gill, T., 1871, Arrangement of the families of mollusks: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 227, 49 p. 

Izett, G.A., Cobban, W.A., and Gill, J.R., 1971, The Pierre 

Shale near Kremmling, Colorado, and its correlation to the 

east and the west: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 

684-A, p. Al-Al9. 

Robinson, H.R., 1945, New baculites from the Cretaceous Bearpaw formation of southwestern Saskatchewan: Royal Society 

of Canada Transactions, 3d ser., v. 39, sec. 4, p. 51-54, 1 pl. 

Scott, G.R., and Cobban, W.A., 1965, Geologic and biostratigraphic map of the Pierre Shale between Jarre Creek and 
C4 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

Loveland, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous 

Geological Investigations Map I-439, scale 1:48,000, separate text. 

Stephenson, L.W., 1941, The larger invertebrates of the Navarro 

Group of Texas: Texas University Publication 4101, 641 p., 

95 pls. 
PLATES 1, 2 

Contact photographs of the plates in this report are available, at cost, from the U.S. Geological Survey 

Photographic Library, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. 
PLATE 1 

Pseudobaculites natosini (Robinson, 1945) (p. C2) 

[All figures natural size] 

Figures 1, 3, 4. USNM 458242, from the Lewis Shale at U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic locality 04508 in the SElf4SWlf4 sec. 24, T. 35 N., R. 85 W., Natrona County, Wyo. 

(text fig. 1). Figure 1 is part of one side showing growth lines. Figure 3 is all of 

the other side. Figure 4 is the ventral view. 

2. USNM 458243, from the same locality. End view of a specimen showing the 

compressed, elliptical whorl section. 

5. USNM 458244, from the Bearpaw Shale at U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic 

locality 01442 in the NWlf4SWlf4 sec. 9, T. 27 N., R. 20 E., Blaine County, 

Mont. (text fig. 1). 
U.S . GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-C-PLATE I 

PSEUDOBACULITES NATOSINI 
PLATE 2 

Pseudobaculites natosini (Robinson, 1945) (p. C2) 

[Figure slightly reduced. Specimen is 245 mm long] 

USNM 458241, from the Lewis Shale at U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic locality D4508 in the 

SE1f4SWI/4 sec. 24, T. 35 N., R. 85 W., Natrona County, Wyo. (text fig. 1). 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073- C- PLATE 2 

PSEUDOBACUUTES NATOSINI 

Middle Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) 

Ammonites from the Pecan Gap Chalk of 

Central and Northeastern Texas 

By William A. Cobban and W. James Kennedy 

SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-D 

Descriptions and illustrations of some widely 

distributed ammonites 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 

CONTENTS 

Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 1 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 1 

Localities Where Fossils Were Collected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D2 

Systematic Paleontology....................................................................... D3 

Order Ammonoidea Zittel, 1884 ...................................................... D3 

Superfamily Desmocerataceae Zittel, 1895 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. D3 

Family Pachydiscidae Spath, 1922 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. D3 

Genus and Subgenus Pachydiscus Zittel, 1884.... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. D3 

Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929) .. .. .. .. . D3 

Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) aff. P. (P.) haldemsis 

(SchlUter, 1867).......................................... D3 

Genus Anapachydiscus Yabe and Shimizu, 1926 ................. D4 

Anapachydiscus sp. juv. ........ .............. ...... ...... .... D4 

Suborder Ancyloceratina Wiedmann, 1966 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. D5 

Superfamily Turrilitaceae Gill, 1871............ .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. D5 

Family Nostoceratidae Hyatt, 1894.................................. D5 

Genus Eubostrychoceras Matsumoto, 1967 .................. D5 

Eubostrychoceras reevesi (Young, 1963)............ D5 

Family Diplomoceratidae Spath, 1926.. ...................... ............ D5 

Subfamily Diplomoceratinae Spath, 1926. .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. D5 

Genus Lewyites Matsumoto and Miyauchi, 1984 ........... D5 

Lewyites taylorensis (Adkins, 1929).. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . D5 

Family Baculitidae Gill, 1871................ .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. D6 

Genus Baculites Lamarck, 1799 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . D6 

Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929................ ...... .. . D6 

Superfamily Scaphitaceae Gill, 1871.. .... .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. .... ...... .. D7 

Family Scaphitidae Gill, 1871........................................ D7 

Subfamily Scaphitinae Gill, 1871.... ...... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. D7 

Genus Trachyscaphites Cobban and Scott, 1964. . . . . . D7 

Trachyscaphites spiniger (SchlUter, 1872) 

porchi (Adkins, 1929)............ .... .. .... .. .. D7 

References Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D8 

PLATES 

[Plates follow References Cited] 

1. Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) travisi 

2. Lewyites, Pachydiscus, Anapachydiscus, and Eubostrychoceras 

3. Baculites taylorensis 

4. Trachyscaphites spiniger porchi and Baculites taylorensis 

5. Trachyscaphites spiniger pore hi 

m 
IV CONTENTS 

FIGURES 

1. Map showing outcrop belt of Pecan Gap Chalk in type area in northeastern Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 1 

2. Stratigraphic chart showing the Taylor Group and part of the Austin Group in the type area of the 

Pecan Gap Chalk in northeastern Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D2 

3. Map showing the location of U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic locality D104 along the old Austin-Manor 

road, Travis County, Tex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D3 

4-8. Drawings showing4. Partial suture line of Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D4 

5. Partial suture line of Anapachydiscus sp. juv.............. .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. D5 

6. Most of suture line of Lewyites taylorensis (Adkins, 1929)...... .... ..... .. .. .. .. .. ..... .... ...... ............ ... .. D5 

7. Suture lines of Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D6 

8. Suture line of Trachyscaphites spiniger (SchlUter, 1872) porchi (Adkins, 1929).. .... .. .... ...... .... .... .. ... D7 

METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS 

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

millimeter (rnrn) 0.0394 inch 

centimeter (ern) 0.3937 inch 

meter (rn) 3.281 foot 

kilometer (krn) 0.6214 mile 
Middle Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Ammonites from the 

Pecan Gap Chalk of Central and Northeastern Texas 

By William A. Cobban1 and W. James Kennedy2 

ABSTRACT 

The Pecan Gap Chalk of central and northeastern 

Texas contains an ammonite fauna of Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929), P. (P.) aff. P. haldemsis 

(SchlUter, 1867), Anapachydiscus sp. juv., Eubostrychoceras reevesi (Young, 1963), Lewyites taylorensis 

(Adkins, 1929), Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929, and 

Trachyscaphites spiniger (SchlUter, 1872) pore hi (Adkins, 

1929). The fauna is about the age of the middle Campanian 

B. asperiformis zone of the Western Interior ammonite 

sequence. In northwestern Europe, where the Campanian 

stage is usually divided into lower and upper parts, the 

Pecan Gap fauna would be placed in the upper Campanian. 

INTRODUCTION 

The Pecan Gap Chalk, named by Stephenson (1918, p. 

156, 157), takes its name from the town of Pecan Gap in 

Delta County in northeastern Texas (fig. 1). The formation 

is as much as 36.6 m thick in northeastern Texas (Barnes, 

1966). In its type area, the Pecan Gap rests disconformably 

on the underlying Wolfe City Sand (fig. 2) and has a bed of 

phosphatic fossils at the base (Rouse, 1944). A detailed 

account of the northern outcrops of the Pecan Gap is given 

by McNulty and others (1981) and Thompson and others 

(1991), who reviewed previous literature. 

The name Pecan Gap is also used as far south as Austin 

and beyond (for example, Young, 1965, fig. 5; Barnes and 

others, 1972; Barnes, 1974), until it merges into the 

Anacacho Limestone. The best known outcrops of the 

Pecan Gap in the central Texas area are those along the 

Austin-Manor road about 12 km northeast of Austin in the 

Walnut Hill area in Travis County, which yielded most of 

Manuscript approved for publication October 12, 1993. 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225. 2

Geological Collections, University Museum, Parks Road, University 

of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PW, England, U.K. 

--- I 

z ~~~ z 

:::>1:::> olo u u 

ZI....J '""'~ 

::>lw :c Q 

Wolfe City •••~ 

~, 

I 

Commerce 

33°15' .___ ___ __~_ _____ ....!!.~____J _____ __J 

10 MILES 

10 KILOMETERS 

Figure 1. Outcrop belt (patterned) of the Pecan Gap Chalk in the 

type area in northeastern Texas. U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic 

locality 9712 (Cox farm) is also shown. Outcrop belt is from 

Barnes (1966, 1967). 

the ammonites described by Adkins ( 1929) as well as most 

of those in the present account (fig. 3). Here, the Pecan Gap 

Chalk rests on marls of the Sprinkle Formation of Young 

( 1965). Phosphatized fossils occur at the base of the Pecan 

Gap as well as 4.8 m higher in the section. Detailed logs of 

this locality were given by Wilson and Philpott (1949, p. 

61, 62) and Young (1965, fig. 2), and locality maps were 

given by Plummer (1931, fig. 12, locality 226-T-7), 

Frizzel and Anderson (1950), and Chimene and Maddocks 

(1984). 

Ammonites occur as phosphatic molds associated with 

hiatuses in sedimentation at the base of the Pecan Gap or in 

higher beds of nodules, as they do in central Texas 

(Stephenson, 1918, 1929; Frizzel and Anderson, 1950). 

Most are fragmentary. The assemblage is dominated by 

Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929, along with rarer PachyD1 
D2 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

Marlbrook Marl 

a. Pecan Gap Chalk 

:::J 

0 

c9 

0 

>- Wolfe City Sand Ctl 

1-

Ozan Formation 

j_ Roxton Limestone Member 

T 

Gober Chalk a. 

:::J t 0 

c9t 

.g_3. 

rn 

:::J Brownstone Marl <( 

Figure 2. The Taylor Group and part of the Austin Group in the 

Wolfe City-Pecan Gap area of northeastern Texas (modified from 

Thompson and others, 1991, fig. 10). 

discus (Pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929), P. (P.) aff. 

P. (P.) haldemsis (SchlUter, 1867), Anapachydiscus sp. 

juv. , Eubostrychoceras reevesi (Young, 1963), Lewyites 

taylorensis (Adkins, 1929), and Trachyscaphites spiniger 

(SchlUter, 1872) porchi (Adkins, 1929). 

The age of the Pecan Gap Chalk ammonites can be 

determined directly by comparison with the Western Interior ammonite sequence (Cobban, in press). There, Trachyscaphites spiniger porchi occurs in the zones of Baculites 

mclearni and B. asperiformis within the middle Campanian 

as defined in the Western Interior. The occurrence of B. 

mclearni in the Wolfe City Sand below the Pecan Gap 

Chalk in northeastern Texas suggests that the Pecan Gap 

Chalk fauna is probably equivalent to the B. asperiformis 

zone. Correlation with the northwestern European sequence 

is less certain. The Ozan Formation (fig. 2), 46 m above its 

base in Fannin County in northeastern Texas, contains T. 

spiniger spiniger (SchlUter, 1872), a lower upper Campanian species in the northwestern European sense (Schmid 

and Ernst 1975; Blaszkiewicz, 1980), and the Wolfe City 

Sand contains undescribed species of Hoplitoplacenticeras 

of European upper Campanian aspect. The Pecan Gap 

Chalk fauna, above the Wolfe City Sand, is thus upper 

Campanian in a northwestern European sense and middle 

Campanian in the American threefold sense. 

Most of the fossils described in this report are kept in 

the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) in Washington, D.C., where the specimens have USNM catalogue 

numbers. Other fossils are at the Texas Memorial Museum 

(TMM) in Austin and have TMM catalogue numbers. 

Plaster casts of a few of the specimens are kept at the 

Federal Center in Denver, Colo. 

C.J. Durden of the Texas Memorial Museum kindly 

loaned the type specimens described by Adkins from the 

Pecan Gap Chalk at the Austin-Manor road locality. Some 

specimens from that locality were provided by the late 

James P. Conlin of Fort Worth, Tex., who thoughtfully 

donated his very large, well-curated Cretaceous ammonite 

collection to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Kennedy 

acknowledges the assistance of the staff of the Geological 

Collections, Oxford University Museum, and the Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford, U.K., and the financial 

support of the Natural Environment Research Council 

(U.K.), the Royal Society, and the Astor Fund (Oxford). 

LOCALITIES WHERE FOSSILS WERE 

COLLECTED 

The fossils described in this report are mostly from 

outcrops of the Pecan Gap Chalk at USGS Mesozoic 

locality 0104 along the old Austin-Manor highway on the 

eastern side of Big Walnut Creek valley about 9 km 

northeast of Austin in Travis County, Tex. (fig. 3). Here 

"sandy, glauconitic clay in a restricted zone of about 2 feet 

thickness contains innumerable phosphatized individuals, 

both shells and casts ... " (Adkins, 1929, p. 205). This 

locality, well known since the 1920's, yielded many ammonites to collectors in the 1930's (for example, L.W. 

Stephenson) and in the 1950's (for example, A.R. Loeblick, J.P. Conlin, and W.A. Cobban), which, along with 

Adkins' types, form the basis of the present account. A 

stratigraphic section that included the fossil bed was given 

by Feray and Plummer (1949). Other fossils, also phosphatized, were collected by Conlin and Stephenson, both 

deceased, from outcrops of the Pecan Gap Chalk at USGS 

Mesozoic locality 9712 in the bed and banks of a small 

creek on the Cox farm 4.8 km southeast of Wolfe City in 

Hunt County, Tex. (fig. 1). This locality was mentioned by 

Adkins (1932, p. 461). 
MIDDLE CAMPANIAN (UPPER CRETACEOUS) AMMONITES FROM THE PECAN GAP CHALK D3 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Order AMMONOIDEA Zittel, 1884 

Superfamily DESMOCERATACEAE Zittel, 1895 

Family PACHYDISCIDAE Spath, 1922 

Genus and Subgenus PACHYDISCUS Zittel, 1884 

Type species.-Ammonites neubergicus Hauer, 1858, 

p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; pl. 3, figs. 1, 2, by the subsequent 

designation of de Grossouvre (1893, p. 177). 

Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929) 

Plate 1 , figures 1-15; plate 2, figures 9-11; text figure 4 

1929. Parapachydiscus travisi Adkins, p. 207, pl. 6, 

figs. 7-9. 

Types. - Holotype is TMM 34010 from the phosphate 

bed in the Pecan Gap Chalk 8. 25 km west of Emhouse in 

Navarro County, Tex. Figured paratype TMM 34009 is 

from 9.4 km northeast of Austin on the Austin-Manor road. 

Hypotypes USNM 441555 through 441559, 441587, and 

445208 are from the same locality. 

Dimensions.-Dimensions (in millimeters) for diameter (D), whorl breadth (Wb), whorl height (Wh), Wb:Wh, 

umbilicus ( U), and their ratios to the diameters of two 

specimens (in parentheses) are, for TMM 34010 (holotype), 

D=56.5 (100), Wb=21.5 (38.0), Wh=24.0 (42.0), Wb: 

Wh= 0.90, and U = 14.3 (25.0) and, for USNM 441558, 

D=72.0 (100), Wb=23.8 (33.0), Wh=32.0 (44.0), 

Wb:Wh=0.74, and U =1.43 (20.0). 

Description. -Coiling is moderately involute. The 

umbilicus is of moderate depth and has a flattened, 

outward-inclined umbilical wall. The whorl section is 

compressed and ovate. The umbilical shoulder is narrowly 

rounded, inner flanks are broadly rounded, outer flanks are 

flattened and convergent, and the venter is broadly rounded. 

The only ornament visible to a diameter of 25 mm is 

delicate concave ribs on the outer flank. Typical ornament 

of the middle growth stages appears by a diameter of 25 to 

30 mm. An estimated 14 distant umbilical bullae are 

perched on the umbilical shoulder and separated by deep 

interspaces (pl. 1, figs. 4, 6, 10, 13). Bullae give rise singly 

or in pairs to delicate prorsiradiate primary ribs. These ribs 

are straight to the middle of the flank, where they may 

weaken markedly but strengthen over the ventrolateral 

shoulders and venter, as do additional intercalated ribs, to 

give a total of approximately 17 widely spaced ventral ribs 

per half whorl (pl. 1 , figs. 6, 7). Ribs may weaken over the 

siphonal line and resemble long ventrolateral bullae (pl. 1 , 

fig. 11). When they are well preserved, specimens may 

show delicate intercalated ribs between the main strong ribs 

on both outer flank and venter. The deeply incised suture 

has narrow-stemmed bifid lobes and deeply incised trifid 

lateral lobe (L) and second umbilical lobe (U2) (fig. 4). 

Discussion. -Pachydiscus sp. no. 1 cfr. P. gollevillensis (d'Orbigny) of Young (1963, p. 56, pl. 8, fig. 5; pl. 

9J052'30" 

30°30' 

I 

Manor 

5 MILES 

I 

5 KILOMETERS 30°00' L_ ________________ __, 

Figure 3. Location of U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic locality 

D104 along the old Austin-Manor road, Travis County, Tex. 

17, fig. 5; text figs. 10e, o) and Pachydiscus sp. no. 2 cfr. 

P. gollevillensis (d'Orbigny) of Young (1963, p. 56, pl. 13, 

figs. 1, 2, 5; pl. 14, fig. 4; pl. 17, figs 1, 8; text figs. 10d, 

g) may be crushed examples of the present species. 

Although compared to P. gollevillensis by Young, the 

strong bullae and very distant ventral ribs immediately 

distinguish P. travisi from Maastrichtian P. (P.) gollevillensis (d'Orbigny, 1850, p. 212 pars) (see revision by 

Kennedy, 1986, p. 28, pls. 1-3; pl. 4, figs. 4-6; pl. 5, figs. 

12-14, 20-24; pl. 11, figs. 1-5; text figs 2, 3P, R, 4C) and 

P. (P.) neubergicus (Hauer, 1858, p. 12 pars, pl. 2, figs. 

1-3 only) (see revision by Kennedy and Summesberger, 

1986). Campanian species such asP. (P.) oldhami (Sharpe, 

1855) (see Kennedy, 1986) and P. (P.) haldemsis (Schluter, 

1867) (see Kennedy and Summesberger, 1984) have many 

more and crowded ventral ribs and numerous long primary 

ribs that are not effaced at midflank. 

Occurrence. -Pecan Gap Chalk in northeastern and 

central Texas. 

Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) aff. P. (P.) haldemsis 

(Schluter, 1867) 

Plate 2, figures 19-26 

Types.-Figured specimens USNM 441560 through 

441563. 

Description.-A second species of Pachydiscus 

(Pachydiscus) is represented by fragments that have whorl 

heights ranging from 26 to 41 mm. Coiling is moderately 

evolute. Whorl section is compressed; whorl breadth-to-
04 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

E 

Figure 4. Partial suture line of Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929). Hypotype USNM 441587 is from U.S. 

Geological Survey Mesozoic locality D104. E is external lobe, Lis lateral lobe, and U2 is second umbilical lobe. Heavy, straight 

line marks the middle of the venter as well as the middle of the external lobe. 

height ratio is 0. 8. The greatest breadth is at the umbilical 

bullae; inner flanks are broadly rounded, outer flanks are 

flattened and convergent, ventrolateral shoulders are 

broadly rounded, and the venter is flattened. Strong umbilical bullae give rise to strong prorsiradiate primary ribs, 

both singly or in pairs. Ribs are low, blunt, and prorsiradiate; they are straight on the inner and middle flanks and 

then curve forward and become concave on the outermost 

flank and ventrolateral shoulder, where they strengthen and 

cross the venter in a broad convexity. Shorter intercalated 

ribs arise both low and high on the flank so that there are 

more than twice as many ventral ribs as umbilical bullae. 

The suture is deeply and intricately subdivided, typical for 

the genus. 

Discussion.-The stout whorl section and crowded 

ribs that are strong across the flank immediately distinguish 

these specimens from P. (P.) travisi and point to the 

presence of an albeit indeterminate member of the strongly 

ribbed P. (P.) haldemsis (Schltiter, 1867) group (see 

Kennedy and Summesberger, 1984, p. 158, pl. 4, figs. 1-5; 

pl. 5, fig. 1; pl. 6, fig. 2; pl. 7, figs. 1-11; pl. 13, fig. 1). 

The present species is similar in form to the Pachydiscus sp. 

no. 3 cfr. P. gollevillensis (d'Orbigny) of Young (1963, p. 

5, pl. 14, figs. 2, 3; text figs. 7n, 8h) from the Anacacho 

Limestone in Texas, but that species is much more finely 

ribbed. 

Occurrence. -Pecan Gap Chalk in northeastern and 

central Texas. 

Genus ANAPACHYDISCUS Yabe and Shimizu, 

1926 

Type species.-Pachydiscus fascicostatus Y abe in 

Yabe and Shimizu 1921, p. 57, pl. 8, fig. 5; pl. 9, figs. 2-5; 

by original designation. 

Anapachydiscus sp. juv. 

Plate 2, figures 12-14; text figure 5 

Type.-Figured specimen USNM 441564. 

Description.-USNM 441564 is a wholly septate fragment that has a maximum preserved whorl height of 26 mm. 

The depressed, reniform whorl section has a whorl breadthto-height ratio of 1.36. The umbilical shoulder is narrowly 

rounded, and inner flanks are strongly inflated. Outer flanks 

and venter merge imperceptibly and are broadly and evenly 

rounded. Weak umbilical bullae give rise to pairs of low, 

blunt, prorsiradiate ribs. Long intercalated ribs are present 

that strengthen over the flanks and cross the venter in a 

broad convexity; they weaken somewhat on the middle of 

the venter. The suture (text fig. 5) is complex and typical 

for the genus. 

Occurrence. -Pecan Gap Chalk, central Texas. 
MIDDLE CAMPANIAN (UPPER CRETACEOUS) AMMONITES FROM THE PECAN GAP CHALK D5 

Figure 5. Partial suture line of Anapachydiscus sp. juv. Figured 

specimen USNM 441564 (pl. 2, figs. 12-14), from U.S. 

Geological Survey Mesozoic locality D104. E is external lobe, 

and L is lateral lobe. Heavy, straight line marks the middle of the 

venter as well as the middle of the external lobe. 

Suborder ANCYLOCERATINA Wiedmann, 1966 

Superfamily TURRILITACEAE Gill, 1871 

Family NOSTOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1894 

Genus EUBOSTRYCHOCERAS Matsumoto, 1967 

Type species. - Eubostrychoceras indopacificum Matsumoto, 1967, p. 333, pl. 18, fig. 1. 

Eubostrychoceras reevesi (Young, 1963) 

Plate 2, figures 15-18 

1963. Cirroceras reevesi Young, p. 44, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3, 

6; text fig. 7k, m. 

Types. -Holotype is no. 30491 in the collections of 

the Texas Memorial Museum; it is from the Anacacho 

Limestone on the Sabine River, 8. 7 km north of Sabinal in 

Medina County, Tex. Hypotypes are USNM 441565 and 

441566. 

Description.-Two small specimens that are at hand 

have whorl heights of 11 mm (USNM 441565) and 17 mm 

(USNM 441566). They have compressed oval whorl sections and no trace of a dorsal impressed zone, this absence 

suggesting that the whorls were barely touching. The 

smaller specimen is smooth, and the larger has faint 

prorsiradiate ribs. 

Occurrence. -Pecan Gap Chalk in central Texas. 

Family DIPLOMOCERATIDAE Spath, 1926 

Subfamily DIPLOMOCERATINAE Spath, 1926 

Genus LEWYITES Matsumoto and Miyauchi, 1984 

Type species.-Idiohamites(?) oronensis Lewy, 1969, 

p. 127, pl. 3, figs. 10, 11, by original designation by 

Matsumoto and Miyauchi (1984, p. 64). 

Lewyites taylorensis (Adkins, 1929) 

Plate 2, figures 1-8; text figure 6 

1929. Hamites(?) taylorensis Adkins, p. 209, pl. 6, figs. 

12, 13. 

1984. Hamites(?) taylorensis Adkins. Matsumoto and 

Miyauchi, p. 64. 

Types. - Holotype is TMM 21007, from the phosphate 

bed in the Pecan Gap Chalk in Navarro County, Tex. 

Figured paratype TMM 21008 is from the phosphate bed in 

the Pecan Gap Chalk about 12 km northeast of Austin on the 

Austin-Manor road, Travis County, Tex. Hypotypes are 

USNM 441567 and 441568. 

Description.-All specimens are fragments of phragmocones; the largest has a whorl height of 21 mm. The 

whorl section is compressed, the whorl breadth-to-height 

ratio is 0.8, the intercostal section is ovate, and the venter 

is flattened costally. Ornament consists of blunt rursiradiate 

ribs that have a rib index of 9. Ribs are effaced and convex 

on the dorsum; they strengthen, flex back, and become 

slightly convex on the flank. One or two ribs are annular 

and without tubercles and separate pairs of stronger ribs that 

link at coarse ventral tubercles, which are connected over 

the venter by a broad swelling bearing a pair of looped ribs. 

The intricately subdivided suture has narrow-stemmed, 

bifid saddles (text fig. 6). 

Discussion.-We have seen four specimens in addition 

to the types. The largest shows striking differentiation of 

ribs into weak, nontuberculate ribs and broad, blunt tuberculate ribs. Lewyites oronensis (Lewy, 1969, p. 127, pl. 3, 

figs. 10, 11) is more compressed and has equal-sized ribs. 

Lewyites circularis (Lewy, 1969, p. 128, pl. 3, fig. 9; text 

fig. 3) has a circular whorl section and coiling and ornament 

of even ribs. 

E 

Figure 6. Most of the suture line of Lewyites taylorensis (Adkins, 

1929). Holotype TMM 21007 (pl. 2, figs. 3, 4). E is external lobe, 

L is lateral lobe, and U is umbilical lobe. Heavy, straight line 

marks the middle of the venter as well as the middle of the external 

lobe. 
D6 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

A 

10m m 

10m m 

Figure 7. Suture lines of Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929. A, Hypotype USNM 441572 (pl. 3, figs. 10-12); B, 

hypotype USNM 441575 (pl. 3, figs. 19-21). E is external lobe, L is lateral lobe, U is umbilical lobe, and I is 

internal lobe. Heavy, straight line marks the middle of the venter as well as the middle of the external lobe. 

Occurrence.-Pecan Gap Chalk in central Texas. 

Family BACULITIDAE Gill, 1871 

Genus BACULITES Lamarck, 1799 

Type species.-Baculites vertebra/is Lamarck, 1801, 

p. 103, by subsequent designation by Meek, 1876, p. 391. 

Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929 

Plate 3; plate 4, figures 5-19; text figure 7 

1929. Baculites taylorensis Adkins, p. 204, pl. 5, 

figs. 9-11. 

non 1970. Baculites cf. taylorensis Adkins. Collignon, p. 

13, pl. 612, fig. 2285. 

Types.-Holotype is TMM 21014, and paratypes are 

TMM 21015 and 21016, all from the Pecan Gap Chalk, 

12.4 km northeast of Austin on the Austin-Manor road in 

Travis County, Tex. Hypotypes USNM 441569 through 

441581 are from the same locality. 

Description. -Shell expands slowly and may attain a 

moderately large size; the largest septate fragment (USNM 

441581) seen from the type locality has a whorl height of 

29.5 mm. The stout, ovate whorl section has a broadly 

rounded dorsum and narrower venter. Specimens having 

whorl heights of less than 10 mm may be smooth or nodate; 

all larger specimens have nodes that are widely spaced and 

separated by 1 to 1.5 times the whorl height. Nodes 

originate at the dorsolateral shoulder; they are weak to 

strong (the latter predominate), crescentic, and confined to 

the dorsal half or third of the flanks. Nodes decline 

markedly on the dorsum and ventral part of the flanks. 

Flanks between nodes are ornamented by variable growth 

lines, striae, and riblets. These lines follow a broad convexity on the dorsum, where they may be relatively prominent; they are concave on the dorsal two-thirds of the flank 

and then project strongly forward to intersect the line of the 

venter at an angle of 18°. The nodes cross the dorsum in a 

narrow curve. Ornament thus defines an aperture that has a 

short dorsal rostrum and a long ventral rostrum. 

The moderately incised suture has broad, bifid saddles 

and narrow lobes (text fig. 7). 

Discussion.-Baculites taylorensis is the most abundant ammonite in the Pecan Gap Chalk, and several 

hundred specimens are at hand. When compared to other 

middle Campanian Baculites from Texas and adjacent 

areas, the development of distant nodes, rather than crescentic ribs, distinguishes the present species from B. 

mclearni Landes (1940) (see Cobban, 1962, p. 712, pl. 
MIDDLE CAMPANIAN (UPPER CRETACEOUS) AMMONITES FROM THE PECAN GAP CHALK D7 

105, fig. 15; pl. 107, figs. 17-19; text fig. 1g, h) from the 

underlying Wolfe City Sand, and B. scotti Cobban (1958, 

p. 660, pl. 90, fig. 1a-e, h), which occurs in the Kimbro 

nodule horizon above the Pecan Gap Chalk in the succeeding Bergstrom Formation of Young (1965). There are close 

similarities to B. reduncus Cobban (1977, p. 459, figs. 

2-6), which co-occurs with B. taylorensis in the Annona 

Chalk in Arkansas, but the nodes of B. taylorensis are 

restricted to the dorsolateral area, rather than extending, in 

crescentic form, across most of the flanks, and the shell is 

straight, rather than markedly curved, as it is in B. reduncus. 

Occurrence.-Pecan Gap Chalk in central and northeastern Texas; basal phosphate bed of Annona Chalk in 

Hempstead and Howard Counties, Ark. 

Superfamily SCAPHIT ACEAE Gill, 1871 

Family SCAPHITIDAE Gill, 1871 

Subfamily SCAPHITINAE Gill, 1871 

Genus TRACHYSCAPHITES Cobban and Scott, 1964 

Type species.- Trachyscaphites redbirdensis Cobban 

and Scott, 1964, p. E7, pl. 1, figs. 1-7; text fig. 3, by 

original designation. 

Trachyscaphites spiniger (Schluter, 1872) porchi 

(Adkins, 1929) 

Plate 4, figures 1-4; plate 5; text figure 8 

1929. Scaphites porchi Adkins, p. 205, pl. 5, figs. 1-3. 

1929. Scaphites aricki Adkins, p. 206, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8. 

1963. Acanthoscaphites sp. cfr. A. spiniger (SchlUter). 

Young, p. 49, pl. 4, figs. 1, 6, 7; pl. 5, figs. 1, 

4, 5. 

1964. Trachyscaphites spiniger (SchlUter) subspecies 

porchi Adkins. Cobban and Scott, p. E10, pl. 

2, figs. 1-23; pl. 3, figs. 1-11; text fig. 4. 

?1969. Scaphites porchi levantinensis Lewy, p. 132, pl. 

4, fig. 1. 

Types.-The holotype of Scaphites porchi Adkins, 

1929, is TMM 21011, and paratypes are TMM 21012 and 

21013; the holotype of S. aricki Adkins, 1929, is TMM 

21009, and the paratype is TMM 210 10, all from the Pecan 

Gap Chalk on the Austin-Manor road northeast of Austin in 

Travis County, Tex. Hypotypes are USNM 132317, 

132320, 132321, 441582, and 441583. 

Description. -The spire is very involute and has a 

deep, conical umbilicus and an intercostal whorl section 

that varies from compressed to depressed reniform. Strong, 

distant primary ribs, eight per half whorl, arise on the 

umbilical wall and strengthen across the shoulder into weak 

bullae. These give rise to strong, straight, prorsiradiate ribs 

that develop subspinose inner lateral tubercles; intercalated 

ribs arise at this point, strengthen to match the primary ribs, 

and, like the primaries, develop stronger, conical outer 

E 

L 

1 5 m m 1 

Figure 8. Suture line of Trachyscaphites spiniger (Schluter, 1872) 

porchi (Adkins, 1929). Hypotype USNM 441582 (pl. 4, figs. 

1-4), from U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic locality 9712. E is 

external lobe, L is lateral lobe, and U2 is second umbilical lobe. 

Heavy, straight line marks the middle of the venter as well as the 

middle of the external lobe. Short-dash line marks the umbilical 

seam; long-dash line marks the umbilical shoulder. 

lateral tubercles. From each tubercle, one or two narrow 

ribs arise that terminate in inner ventrolateral tubercles, and 

delicate ribs loop or intercalate between these tubercles. 

Subspinose outer ventrolateral tubercles alternate in position with the inner tubercles to which they are linked by 

delicate ribs; the ribs loop and zigzag between them and 

between the outer ventrolateral tubercles on either side of 

the · siphonal line. The species is markedly dimorphic. 

Microconch body chambers are slender and have concave 

umbilical walls such that the umbilicus of the spire is not 

concealed. The one complete microconch is 48.5 mm long. 

Strong umbilical bullae perch on the umbilical shoulder and 

number five or six. More numerous are outer lateral 

tubercles and inner and outer ventrolateral clavi; the latter 

number as many as 10. Ribs are lacking on the molds. 

Aperture is marked by a constriction. Macroconchs have 

spires as much as 50 mm in diameter. The umbilical wall of 

the body chamber is straight in profile, and the umbilicus is 

partially occluded. None of the body chambers is complete. 

They are ornamented by distant umbilicolateral bullae, 

clavate outer lateral tubercles, inner and outer ventrolateral 

tubercles, and traces of delicate ribs that loop and intercalate between tubercles. The fairly simple suture has a 

symmetrically bifid lateral lobe (L) and a broader asymmetrically bifid saddle between the lateral and external (E) 

lobes. 

Discussion. -As first revising authors, Cobban and 

Scott (1964, p. E10) selected porchi as the name of this 

subspecies, porchi being based on fragments of stout 

individuals and aricki on fragments of slender ones. Trachyscaphites spiniger porchi is a chronological subspecies and 

successor to T. spiniger spiniger that occurs in the Wolfe 

City Sand and Ozan Formation in northeastern Texas. The 

two differ in that porchi has fewer tubercles in all rows on 

the body chamber and generally lacks the dense secondary 

and intercalate ribs of T. spiniger spiniger. Trachyscaphites 

spiniger levantinensis Lewy (1969, p. 132, pl. 4, fig. 1), 
D8 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

originally separated from T. spiniger spiniger on a similar 

absence of ribs on the body chamber, may be a synonym. 

Trachyscaphites praespiniger Cobban and Scott (1964, p. 

Ell, pl. 4, figs. 1-3; text fig. 5) differs from T. spiniger 

porchi in having three or, rarely, four rows of tubercles, of 

which only the lateral row persists onto the body chamber; 

ribs are strong on the phragmocone but weak on the body 

chamber. 

Occurrence.-Wolfe City Sand in northeastern Texas; 

Pecan Gap Chalk in central and northeastern Texas; Baculites mclearni and B. asperiformis zones in the Claggett 

Shale of central Montana and in the Mancos Shale of 

western Colorado; Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre 

Shale in north-central and southern Colorado. Possibly 

present in upper flint complex in Mishash Formation, 

Israel. 

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pis. 5, 6. 

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Barnes, V.E., Bell, W.C., Clabaugh, S.E., Cloud, P.E., Jr., 

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13, 77 p. 

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63 p., 56 pis. 

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the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, v. 34, p. 

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Cobban, W.A, 1958, Two new species of Baculites from the 

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p. 660-665, pis. 90, 91. 

---1962, Baculites from the lower part of the Pierre Shale and 

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---in press, Diversity and distribution of Late Cretaceous 

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equivalent rocks in the conterminous United States: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 483-E, p. El-El3, 

pis. 1-4. 

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superieur: Tananarive, Republique Malgache Service 

Geologique, 82 p., pis. 607-639. 

Feray, D.E., and Plummer, H.J., 1949, Road cuts in new highway 

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Wilson, R.M., and Philpott, T.H., eds., Cretaceous of 

Austin, Texas, area: Shreveport Geological Society, 17th 

annual field conference guidebook: Shreveport Geological 

Society, p. 61, 62. 

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Gill, T., 1871, Arrangement of the families of mollusks: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 227, 49 p. 

Grossouvre, A., de, 1893 [1894], Les ammonites de la craie 

superieure, pt. 2, Paleontologie, in Recherches sur la craie 

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Memoires, 264 p., 39 pis. 

Hauer, F., von, 1858, Uber die Cephalopoden der Gosauschichten: Beitrage zur Palaontologie von Osterreich, v. 1, p. 7-14, 

pis. 1-3. 

Hyatt, A., 1894, Phylogeny of an acquired characteristic: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, v. 32, p. 

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Kennedy, W .J., 1986, Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites 

from northern Aquitaine, France: Palaeontological Association [London] Special Papers in Palaeontology 36, 145 p., 23 

pis. 

Kennedy, W.J., and Summesberger, H., 1984, Upper Campanian 

ammonites from the Gschliefgraben (Ultrahelvetic, Upper 

Austria): Beitrage zur Palaontologie von Osterreich, no. 11, 

p. 149-206, 14 pis. 

---1986, Lower Maastrichtian ammonites from Neuberg, 

Steiermark, Austria: Beitrage ztir Palaontologie von 

Osterreich, no. 12, p. 181-242, 16 pis. 

Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., de, 1799, Prodrome d'un nouvelle 

classification des coquilles: Memoires de Societe Histoire 

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J.B.P.A. de M., de Lamarck, Chez Deterville, 432 p. 

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129-217, 8 pis. 

Lewy, Z., 1969, Late Campanian heteromorph ammonites from 

southern Israel: Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 18, p. 

109-135, pis. 1-4. 
MIDDLE CAMPANIAN (UPPER CRETACEOUS) AMMONITES FROM THE PECAN GAP CHALK D9 

McNulty, C.L., Brezina, J.L., Dawson, W.C., and Maluf, F.W., 

1981, Emendation of the Pecan Gap Chalk (Campanian) in 

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Matsumoto, T., and Miyauchi, T., 1984, Some Campanian 

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45 pis. 

Orbigny, A., d', 1850, Prodrome de paleontologie stratigraphique 

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Schmid, F., and Ernst, G., 1975, Ammoniten aus dem Campan 

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17-27. 

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10, pt. 3, p. 113-147, pis. 5-9. 

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Stephenson, L.W., 1918, A contribution to the geology of 

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---1895, Grundztige der Palaeontologie (Palaeozoologie): 

Munich, Oldenbourg, 971 p. 

PLATES 1-5 

Contact phctographs of the plates in this report are available, at cost, from the U.S. Geological Survey 

Photographic Library, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. 
PLATE 1 

Pachydiscus (pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929) 

[All figures natural size. Figs. 1-11 from Austin-Manor roadcuts, Travis County, Tex. Figs. 12-15 from Cox farm locality, Hunt County, Tex.] 

Figures 1-15. Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929) (p. D3) 

1-3. Paratype TMM 34009. 

4, 5. Holotype TMM 34010. 

6, 7. Hypotype USNM 441555 (J.P. Conlin collection 7529). 

8, 9. Hypotype USNM 441556 (J.P. Conlin collection 7532). 

10, 11. Hypotype USNM 441557 (J.P. Conlin collection 7528). 

12-15. Hypotype USNM 441558 (J.P. Conlin collection 7605). 
U.S. GEOLOOICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-D-PLATE 1 

4 5 

2 

3 

8 

6 

7 10 

11 

9 

12 13 14 15 

PACHYDISCUS (PACHYDISCUS) TRAVIS/ 
PLATE 2 

Lewyites, Pachydiscus, Anapachydiscus, and Eubostrychoceras 

[All figures natural size. All specimens from Austin-Manor roadcuts, Travis County, Tex.] 

Figures 1- 8. Lewyites taylorensis (Adkins, 1929) (p. D5) 

1, 2. Hypotype USNM 441567. 

3, 4. Holotype TMM 21007. 

5, 6. Para type TMM 21008. 

7, 8. Hypotype USNM 441568. 

9-11. Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) travisi (Adkins, 1929) (p. D3) Hypotype USNM 

441559. 

12-14. Anapachydiscus sp. juv. (p. D4) Figured specimen USNM 441564 (J.P. Conlin 

collection 7534). 

15-18. Eubostrychoceras reevesi (Young, 1963) (p. D5) 

15, 16. Hypotype USNM 441565. 

17, 18. Hypotype USNM 441566. 

19- 26. Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) aff. (P.) (P.) haldemsis (SchlUter, 1867) (p. D3) 

19, 20. Figured specimen USNM 441560. 

21, 22. Figured specimen USNM 441561. 

23, 24. Figured specimen USNM 441562. 

25, 26. Figured specimen USNM 441563. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-D-PLATE 2 

3 

7 8 

9 10 11 

13 14 

15 16 

19 20 22 

17 18 

(-

r .. 

./<~- .. 

23 26 

LEWYITES, PACHYDISCUS, ANAPACHYDISCUS, AND EUBOSTRYCHOCERAS 
PLATE 3 

Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929 

[All figures natural size] 

Figures 1-31. Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929 (p. D6) 

1-3 . Hypotype USNM 441569. 

4-6. Hypotype USNM 441570 (J.P. Conlin collection 7518). 

7-9. Hypotype USNM 441571. 

10-12. Hypotype USNM 441572. 

13-15. Hypotype USNM 441573. 

16-18. Hypotype USNM 441574. 

19-21. Hypotype USNM 441575. 

22-25. Hypotype USNM 441576. 

26-28. Hypotype USNM 441577. 

29-31. Hypotype USNM 441578 (J.P. Conlin collection 7517). 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-D-PLATE 3 

2 9 3 4 

10 11 12 

17 18 

19 

25 

27 28 30 

BACUUTES TAYLORENSIS 
PLATE 4 

Trachyscaphites spiniger porchi and Baculites taylorensis 

[All figures natural size] 

Figures 1--4. Trachyscaphites spiniger (SchlUter, 1872) porchi (Adkins, 1929) (p. D7) 

Hypotype USNM 441582. 

5-19. Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929 (p. 06). 

5-7. Hypotype USNM 441579. 

8-10. Hypotype USNM 441580 (J.P. Conlin collection 7523). 

11-13. Paratype TMM 21015. 

14-16. Paratype TMM 21016. 

17-19. Ho1otype TMM 21014. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-D-PLATE 4 

2 

5 

8 9 10 11 12 13 

15 16 17 19 

TRACHYSCAPHITES SPINIGER PORCH/ AND BACUUTES TAYLORENSIS 
PLATE 5 

Trachyscaphites spiniger (Schluter, 1872) pore hi (Adkins, 1929) 

[All figures natural size. All specimens from Austin-Manor roadcuts, Travis County, Tex.] 

Figures 1-16. Trachyscaphites spiniger (SchlUter, 1872) porchi (Adkins, 1929) (p. D7). 

1-3. TMM 21010, paratype of Scaphites aricki Adkins, 1929, pl. 5, fig. 8. 

4. TMM 21009, holotype of Scaphites aricki Adkins, 1929, pl. 5, fig. 7. 

5. TMM 21011, holotype of Scaphites porchi Adkins, 1929, pl. 5, figs. 1, 

2. 

6, 7. Hypotype USNM 132317. 

8, 9. TMM 21012, paratype of Scaphites porchi Adkins, 1929, pl. 5, fig. 2. 

10, 11. TMM 21013, paratype of Scaphites porchi Adkins, 1929, pl. 5, fig. 3. 

12, 13. Hypotype USNM 132320. 

14, 15. Hypotype USNM 132321. 

16. Hypotype USNM 441583. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-D-PLATE 5 

2 

6 7 

10 

TRACHYSCAPHITES SPINIGER PORCH/ 

Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) Nautiloids from 

New Mexico 

By William A. Cobban and W. James Kennedy 

SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-E 

Description of rare occurrences of nautiloid cephalopods 

in rocks of Cenomanian age in the southern part of the 

Western Interior 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 

CONTENTS 

Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 1 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 1 

Systematic Paleontology....................................................................... E1 

Superfamily Nautilaceae de Blainville, 1825........................................ E1 

Family Nautilidae de Blainville, 1825 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. E1 

Genus Pseudocenoceras Spath, 1927 ..................................... E1 

Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum (d'Orbigny, 1840) ......... E1 

Genus Angulithes Montfort, 1808 ......................................... E2 

Angulithes fleuriausianus (d'Orbigny, 1840).................... E2 

References Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E3 

PLATES 

[Plates follow References Cited] 

1. Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum and Angulithes jleuriausianus 

2. Angulithes fleuriausianus 

METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS 

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

millimeter (mm) 0.0394 inch 

centimeter (em) 0.3937 inch 

meter (m) 3.281 foot 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile 

III 

Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) Nautiloids From New Mexico 

By William A. Cobban1 and W. James Kennedy2 

ABSTRACT 

Nautiloids are rare fossils found in Cenomanian rocks 

in the Western Interior of the United States. The only 

occurrences known are Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum 

(d'Orbigny, 1840) in the Acanthoceras amphibolum zone of 

Cerro de Cristo Rey in Dofia Ana County, N. Mex., and 

Angulithes fleuriausianus (d'Orbigny, 1840) in the A.amphibolum zone in Valencia and McKinley Counties, N. 

Mex. 

INTRODUCTION 

Nautiloids are rare fossils found in rocks of Cenomanian age in the Western Interior of the United States. Like so 

many other groups of wholly marine organisms (corals, 

brachiopods, bryozoans, echinoderms, coleoid cephalopods), nautiloids are thought to be excluded by hostile 

environmental conditions. We here record the only occurrences known to us from the middle Cenomanian Acanthoceras amphibolum zone of Dofia Ana, Valencia, and 

McKinley Counties in New Mexico; we know of no records 

in Cenomanian rocks to the north. Farther south, Cymatoceras and Pseudocenoceras occur in the lower Cenomanian 

Grayson Marl and Del Rio Clay in Texas (Miller and 

Harris, 1945; Kummel, 1953; Mancini, 1982). 

Fossils described in this report are kept in the National 

Museum of Natural History (USNM) in Washington, D.C., 

and have been assigned USNM catalogue numbers. Plaster 

casts of some of the specimens are kept at the Federal 

Center in Denver, Colo. 

Kennedy acknowledges the financial support of the 

Natural Environment Research Council (U.K.) and the 

technical support of the staff of the Geological Collections, 

Oxford University Museum, and the Department of Earth 

Sciences (Oxford). 

Manuscript approved for publication October 12, 1993. 1

U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225. 2

Geological Collections, University Museum, Parks Road, University 

of Oxford, Oxford OXl 3PW, England, U.K. 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Superfamily NAUTILACEAE de Blainville, 1825 

Family NAUTILIDAE de Blainville, 1825 

Genus PSEUDOCENOCERAS Spath, 1927 

Type species. -Nautilus largilliertianus d'Orbigny, 

1840, p. 86, pl. 18, by original designation. 

Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum (d'Orbigny, 1840) 

Plate 1, figures 1-5 

1840. Nautilus largilliertianum d'Orbigny, p. 86, pl. 

18. 

1853. Nautilus largilliertianus d'Orbigny. Sharpe, p. 

16, pl. 6, fig. 1 only. 

non 1897. Nautilus largilliertianus d'Orbigny? Parona and 

Bonarelli, p. 76, pl. 10, fig. 6. 

1927. Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum (d'Orbigny). 

Spath, p. 21. 

1956. Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum (d'Orbigny). 

Kummel, p. 385, pl. 10, figs. 3, 4. 

1960. Angulithes (Pseudocenoceras) largilliertianus 

(d'Orbigny,1840). Wiedmann, p. 174, pl. 

22, fig. F. 

1964. Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum (d'Orbigny). 

Kummel, p. 450, fig. 330.6. 

1979. Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum (d'Orbigny). 

Wiedmann and Schneider, p. 654, pl. 3, fig. 

1; text fig. 4C. 

Type.-Hypotype USNM 441584 is from the base of 

the Boquillas Formation (Cenomanian and Turonian) at 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mesozoic locality 

D10142, about 1.2 km north of Cerro de Cristo Rey in the 

center of the Nif2SWLf4 sec. 9, T. 29 S., R. 4 E., Dofia Ana 

County, N. Mex. Other molluscan species from this locality 

were described by Kennedy and others (1988). 

Description.-USNM 441584 consists of a phragmocone 38.5 mm in diameter and a fragment of the outer whorl 

that is part body chamber. The estimated original diameter 

of the shell is 93 mm. The nucleus is very involute and has 

a very small, deep umbilicus. The umbilical shoulder is 

broadly rounded, the inner flanks are subparallel, the outer 

E1 
E2 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 

flanks are convergent, and the ventrolateral shoulders and 

narrow venter are broadly rounded. At the smallest diameter 

visible, ornament consists of faint, strongly rursiradiate, 

low, convex flank ribs. These ribs increase by branching 

and intercalation on the outermost flank and on the ventrolateral shoulder, where they strengthen, bend back, and 

cross the venter in a broad, deep sinus. The whorl breadthto-height ratio cannot be determined owing to crushing, but 

the whorls were compressed. The outer whorl was also 

compressed; it has a small umbilicus, a low, rounded 

umbilical wall, and a broadly rounded umbilical shoulder. 

Inner flanks are broadly rounded, outer flanks are flattened 

and convergent, ventrolateral shoulders are broadly 

rounded, and the venter is narrowly rounded. Most of the 

surface is worn, but there are traces of low, broad, concave 

folds on the venter at the largest diameter preserved. 

The suture bends back on the inner flank, where it is 

markedly concave. It is nearly straight and rursiradiate 

across most of the flank and ventrolateral shoulder and 

slightly convex across the venter. 

Discussion.-The specimen differs in no significant 

respects from specimens of Psuedocenoceras largilliertianum from the Cenomanian of England and France. 

Pseudocenocerasfittoni (Sharpe, 1853, p. 17, pl. 6, fig. 4), 

from the Cenomanian of southern England, has a much 

more compressed, subtrigonal whorl section and markedly 

convergent flanks. Pseudocenoceras undulatus (Sowerby, 

1813, pl. 40; Sharpe, 1853, p. 15, pl. 5, fig. 4), also from 

the Cenomanian of southern England, has a stouter whorl 

and very coarse lateral dorsal folds in later growth. Pseudocenoceras dorsoplicatus (Wiedmann, 1960, p. 176), on the 

basis of the figures of Sharpe (1853, pl. 6, fig. 2) and 

Parona and Bonarelli (1897, pl. 10, fig. 6), is known from 

the Albian of France and the Cenomanian of southern 

England. The lectotype has a relatively broad venter and 

narrow, concave, distant ventral folds. 

Occurrence. -Lower, middle, and upper Cenomanian 

of southern England. Lower and middle Cenomanian of 

France and Germany. Cenomanian of Spain. Middle Cenomanian Acanthoceras amphibolum zone of New Mexico. 

Genus ANGULITHES Montfort, 1808 

Type species. -Nautilus triangularis Montfort, 1802, 

by original designation by Montfort, 1808, p. 7. 

Angulithes fleuriausianus (d'Orbigny, 1840) 

Plate 1, figures 6-9; plate 2 

1840. Nautilus fleuriausianus d'Orbigny, p. 82, pl. 

15. 

non 1853. Nautilus fleuriausianus d'Orbigny. Sharpe, p. 

16, pl. 6, fig. 3. 

1866. Nautilus fleuriausianus d'Orbigny. Stoliczka, 

p. 206, pl. 94, fig. 1. 

non 1876. Nautilus fleuriausianus d'Orbigny. SchlUter, p. 

174, pl. 48, figs. 3-5. 

1956. Angulithes fleuriausianus (d'Orbigny). Kurumel, p. 456. 

1960. Angulithes (Angulithes) fleuriausianus 

(d'Orbigny). Wiedmann, p. 183, ?pl. 19, 

fig. A; pl. 20, figs. N, 0; pl. 21, figs. /, L, 

M; ?pl. 23, fig. 0; pl. 26, figs. 1-3; text 

figs. 14, 15. 

Types.-Hypotypes USNM 441585 and 441586 are 

from the Acanthoceras amphibolum zone at USGS Mesozoic locality D7084 in brown-weathering, calcareous sandstone concretions in the Paguate Tongue of the Dakota 

Sandstone in the SElf4NElf4 sec. 20, T. 10 N., R. 5 W. in 

Cibola County, N. Mex. Hypotype USNM 441588 (not 

illustrated) is from the Paguate Tongue at USGS Mesozoic 

locality D7333, near the center of sec. 5, T. 14 N., R. 12 

W. in McKinley County, N. Mex. 

Description.-The best preserved specimen is USNM 

441586 (pl. 2), a slightly crushed individual 150 mm in 

diameter and septate to 130 mm. Coiling is very involute. 

The whorl section is compressed (but accentuated by 

crushing) and has broadly rounded inner flanks, convergent 

outer flanks, and a narrowly rounded venter, all of which 

produce a subtrigonal whorl section that has an estimated 

whorl breadth-to-height ratio of 0. 72. The shell surface, 

where preserved, is smooth except for growth lines on the 

phragmocone; these lines are prorsiradiate on the inner 

flanks, curved back and convex over the outer flanks, and 

deeply convex on the venter. On the adult body chamber, 

the growth lines are paralleled by faint grooves and folds. 

USNM 441585 (pl. 1, figs. 6-9) is a crushed internal mold 

of a juvenile 96 mm in diameter that has a sharp venter due 

to postmortem crushing over most of the outer whorl. The 

suture is slightly convex across the umbilical wall and 

shoulder, and it bends back and follows a low concave 

course on the flanks, forming a broad, shallow lobe that has 

a narrow, shallow ventral saddle. USNM 441588 is a 

septate fragment. 

Discussion. -Compressed whorls having rounded 

venters and slightly flexuous septa characterize this species. 

Angulithes triangularis (Montfort, 1802) (see revision by 

Wiedmann, 1960, p. 187, pl. 21, fig. P; pl. 22, fig. I) has 

a triangular whorl section and an acute venter. Angulithes 

mermeti (Coquand, 1862, p. 166, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2; see 

revision by Wiedmann, 1960, p. 188, pl. 22, fig. H; pl. 25, 

figs. 8, 9; pl. 26, fig. 4; pl. 27, figs. 1, 2; text figs. 16-20) 

is very compressed and has an acute venter and a lanceolate 

whorl section. Angulithes vascogoticus Wiedmann (1960, 

p. 191, pl. 27, fig. 3; text figs. 22, 23) has a narrow venter, 

a sublanceolate whorl section, and a much more markedly 

flexed suture that has a narrow saddle on the inner flank. 

Occurrence.-This typically Cenomanian species 

ranges from lower to upper Cenomanian in England and 

France; it also occurs in Germany, Tunisia, and southern 
CENOMANIAN (UPPER CRETACEOUS) NAUTILOIDS FROM NEW MEXICO E3 

India. Wiedmann ( 1960) also recorded the species from the 

Turonian(?) of Saxony (Germany) and from the Coniacian 

of Spain and Austria. The two specimens figured herein (pl. 

1, figs. 6-9; pl. 2) are from the middle Cenomanian 

Acanthoceras amphibolum zone of Cibola and McKinley 

Counties, N. Mex. The specimens were listed as Eutrephoceras? sp. (Cobban, 1977, table 1). 

REFERENCES CITED 

Blain ville, H.M.D., de, 1825-27, Manuel de malacologie et de 

conchyliologie: Paris and Strasbourg, Levrault, 664 p. 

(1825), 87 pis. (1827). 

Cobban, W.A., 1977, Characteristic marine molluscan fossils 

from the Dakota Sandstone and intertongued Mancos Shale, 

west-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1009, 30 p. , 21 pis. 

Coquand, Henri, 1862, Geologie et paleontologie de Ia region sud 

de Ia Province de Constantine: Marseille, Societe 

d'Emulation Provence Memoir, 320 p., 35 pis. 

Kennedy, W.J., Cobban, W.A., and Hook, S.C., 1988, Middle 

Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) molluscan fauna from the 

base of the Boquillas Formation, Cerro de Muleros, Dofia 

Ana County, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines 

and Mineral Resources Bulletin 114, p. 35-44, 2 pis. 

Kummel, B., 1953, Lower Cretaceous nautiloids from Texas: 

Brevioria, v. 19, 11 p., 2 pis. 

---1956, Post-Triassic nautiloid genera: Bulletin of the 

Museum of Comparative Zoology, v. 114, p. 324-494, pis. 

1-28. 

---1964, Nautiloidea-Nautilida, in Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise 

on invertebrate paleontology, pt. K, Mollusca 3: Lawrence, 

Kans., Geological Society of America and University of 

Kansas Press, p. 383-457. 

Mancini, B.A., 1982, Early Cenomanian cephalopods from the 

Grayson Formation of north-central Texas: Cretaceous 

Research, v. 3, p. 241-259. 

Miller, A K., and Harris, R.A., 1945, North American Cymatoceratidae (Mesozoic Nautiloidea): Journal of Paleontology, v. 

19, p. 1-13, pis. 1-6. 

Montfort, D., de, 1802, Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere 

des Mollusques, animaux sans vertebres et a sang blanc: 

Ouvrage faisant suite a 1 'histoire naturelle generale et particuliere: Paris, Chez Deterville, v. 4, p. 1-376, pis. 42-50 .. 

---1808, Conchyliologie systematique et classification methodique des coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement 

generique, leurs descriptions caracteristiques, leur noms; 

ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues: Paris, F, 

Schoell, v. 1, 409 p., 100 pis. 

Orbigny, A., d', 1840-42, Paleontologie fran~aise: Terrains 

cretaces, V. I, Cephalopodes: Paris, Masson, p. 1-120 

(1840), p. 121-430 (1841), p. 431-662 (1842). 

Parona, C.F., and Bonarelli, G., 1897, Fossili albiani 

d'Escragnolles, del Nizzardo e della Liguria occidentale: 

Palaeontographica ltalica, v. 2, p. 53-107, pis. 10-14. 

SchlUter, C., 1876, Cephalopoden der oberen deutschen Kreide: 

Palaeontographica, v. 24, p. 121-264, pis. 36-55. 

Sharpe, D., 1853-57, Description of the fossil remains of Mollusca found in the Chalk of England, pt. I, Cephalopoda: 

Palaeontographical Society [London] Monograph, 68 p., 27 

pis. (1853, p. 1-26, pis. 1-10; 1854 [1855], p. 27-36, pis. 

11-16; 1856 [1857], p. 37-68, pis. 17-27). 

Sowerby, J. , 1813, The mineral conchology of Great Britain: 

London, J. Sowerby, v. 1 , pis. 10-44. 

Spath, L.F., 1927, Revision of the Jurassic cephalopod fauna of 

Kachh (Cutch): Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 

Palaeontologia Indica, n. ser., v. 9, Memoir 2, pt. 1, p. 

1-71, pis. 1-7. 

Stoliczka, F., 1866, The fossil Cephalopoda of the Cretaceous 

rocks of southern India; Ammonitidae with revision of the 

Nautilidae etc: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 

Palaeontologica Indica, v. 1, p. 155-216, pis. 81-94. 

Wiedmann, J., 1960, Zur Systematik jungmesozoischer Nautiliden: Palaeontographica, v. 115A, p. 144-206, pis. 17-27. 

Wiedmann, J., and Schneider, H.L., 1979, Cephalopoden und 

Alter der Cenoman-Transgression von Mtilheim-Broich, 

SW-Westfalen, in Wiedmann, J., ed., Aspekte der Kreide 

Europas: International Union of Geological Sciences, ser. A, 

no. 6, p. 645-680, 10 pis. 

PLATES 1, 2 

Contact photographs of the plates in this report are available, at cost, from the U.S. Geological Survey 

Photographic Library, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. 
PLATE 1 

Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum (d'Orbigny, 1840) and Angulithes jleuriausianus (d'Orbigny, 1840) 

[All figures natural size] 

Figures 1-5. Pseudocenoceras largilliertianum (d'Orbigny, 1840). Hypotype, USNM 441584, 

from the base of the Boquillas Formation at U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic 

locality Dl0142 in the NlhSWlf4 sec. 9, T. 29 S., R. 4 E., Dofia Ana County, N. 

Mex. 

1-3. Inner whorls. 

4, 5. Outer whorl. 

6-9 . Angulithes fleuriausianus (d'Orbigny, 1840). Hypotype USNM 441585, from the 

Paguate Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone at U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic 

locality D7084 in the SElf4NE1/4 sec. 20, T. 10 N., R. 5 W., Cibola County, N. 

Mex. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2073-E-PLATE I 

8 9 

PSEUDOCENOCERAS LARGILLIERTIANUM AND ANGUUTHES FLEURIAUSIANUS 
PLATE 2 

Angulithes fleuriausianus (d'Orbigny, 1840) 

[Figures 0. 9 natural size] 

Hypotype USNM 441586, from the Paguate Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone at U.S. Geological 

Survey Mesozoic locality D7084 in the SElf4NElf4 sec. 20, T. 10 N., R. 5. W., Cibola County, N. 

Mex. 




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