89–006 

116TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1st Session 116–91 

SECURE COMMUNITIES AND SAFE SCHOOLS ACT 

MAY 30, 2019.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of 

the Union and ordered to be printed 

Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, from the Committee on Homeland 

Security, submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

together with 

MINORITY VIEWS 

[To accompany H.R. 2383] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on Homeland Security, to whom was referred the 

bill (H.R. 2383) to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to 

prohibit the expenditure of certain grant funds to purchase firearms, and for other purposes, having considered the same, report 

favorably thereon without amendment and recommend that the bill 

do pass. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Purpose and Summary ............................................................................................ 2 

Background and Need for Legislation .................................................................... 2 

Hearings ................................................................................................................... 3 

Committee Consideration ........................................................................................ 4 

Committee Votes ...................................................................................................... 5 

Committee Oversight Findings ............................................................................... 5 

C.B.O. Estimate, New Budget Authority, Entitlement Authority, and Tax 

Expenditures ........................................................................................................ 5 

Federal Mandates Statement ................................................................................. 6 

Statement of General Performance Goals and Objectives .................................... 6 

Duplicative Federal Programs ................................................................................ 6 

Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff Benefits ... 6 

Federal Mandates Statement ................................................................................. 6 

Advisory Committee Statement ..............................................................................

Applicability to Legislative Branch ........................................................................

Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation ...................................................... 6 

Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported ..................................... 6 

Minority Views ......................................................................................................... 11 

2 

1FEMA Preparedness Grants Manual. The Federal Emergency Management Agency. April 

2019. Accessed May 23, 2019. https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1555010612902- 

389f8b3351d06d759b01df2a8a851284/FEMA_PreparednessGrantsManual_Final_508.pdf. 2 Ahmed, Saeed and Walker, Christina. ‘‘There has been, on average, 1 school shooting every 

week this year.’’ CNN. May 25, 2018. Accessed May 23, 2019. https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/02/ 

us/school-shootings-2018-list-trnd/index.html. 3 Coughlan, Sean. ‘‘2018 ‘worst year for US school shootings.’ ’’ BBC. December 12, 2018. 

Accessed May 23, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-46507514. 4Lou, Michelle and Walker, Christina. ‘‘There have been 15 school shootings in the US so far 

this year.’’ CNN. May 9, 2019. Accessed May 23, 2019. https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/08/us/ 

school-shootings-us-2019-trnd/index.html. 5Weber, Andrew. ‘‘Abbott Prioritizes Increasing Mental Health Services, ‘Hardening’ Schools 

To Reduce Shootings.’’ NPR. May 30, 2018. Accessed May 23, 2019. https://www.kut.org/post/abbott-prioritizes-increasing-mental-health-services-hardening-schools-reduce-shootings. 6Landers, Elizabeth. ‘‘Trump tweets support for arming teachers, says ‘up to states.’ ’’ CNN. 

February 24, 2018. Accessed May 23, 2019. https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/24/politics/trumptweet-arming-teachers/index.html. 7 ‘‘LEGISLATION TO BLOCK FIREARM FUNDING FOR TEACHERS.’’ Congresswoman Val 

Demings. April 29, 2019. Accessed May 23, 2019. https://demings.house.gov/media/press-releases/ 

legislation-block-firearm-funding-teachers. 8Lemongello, Steven. ‘‘DeSantis signs bill to arm teachers.’’ May 8, 2019. Accessed May 23, 

2019. https://www.orlandosentinel.com/politics/os-ne-desantis-teachers-armed-bill-20190508- 

dnp5senyo5gw5hczbbppkdgbmu-story.html. 9 ‘‘Most U.S. Teachers Oppose Carrying Guns in Schools.’’ Gallup. March 16, 2018. Accessed 

May 23, 2019. https://news.gallup.com/poll/229808/teachers-oppose-carrying-guns-schools.aspx. 10Postal, Leslie. ‘‘Poll: Parents oppose arming teachers, fear for kids’ safety in school. July 

17, 2018. Accessed May 23, 2019. https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/education/os-poll-parents-school-safety-20180716-story.html. 11 Arming Teachers is a dangerous proposal. Everytown for Gun Safety. August 15, 2018. 

Accessed May 23, 2019. https://everytownresearch.org/arming-teachers-dangerous-proposal/. 

PURPOSE AND SUMMARY

The purpose of H.R. 2383, the ‘‘Secure Communities and Safe 

Schools Act,’’ is to prevent Federal homeland security grant dollars 

from being used to purchase firearms or firearm accessories, particularly in schools. The bill would codify restrictions on buying 

firearms or firearm accessories such as ammunition, in schools or 

elsewhere, with State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP) 

or Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) funds.1

BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION

In recent years, there has been an added focus on school security 

as school shootings have become more prevalent. Estimates show 

that there were over 23 school shootings in the first part of 2018 

alone, which averaged more than one shooting per week.2 In total, 

113 people were tragical1y killed or injured in a school shooting 

last year.3 According to media reports, there were at least 15 school 

shootings in 2019.4 In an effort to improve security in schools, 

there has been a push to increase funding for school hardening and 

mental health services.5 Some, including President Trump, have 

proposed allowing Federal dollars to be used purchase firearms or 

ammunition to arm teachers.6 In fact, at least one state’s governor 

asked President Trump to look into allowing homeland security 

grants to be used for this purpose.7 Some states, such as Florida, 

have moved forward with plans to arm teachers in school,8 despite 

the fact that teachers 9 and families 10 overwhelmingly oppose arming teachers in schools. 

Arming teachers is not only opposed by school workers and families but could result in schools being less safe and secure as teachers are not trained law enforcement.11 Over the past five years, 

there have been over 65 documented instances of guns being misVerDate Sep 11 2014 06:08 Jun 01, 2019 Jkt 089006 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR091.XXX HR091
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12Drane, Kelly. ‘‘Every Incident of Mishandled Guns in Schools.’’ Giffords Law Center. May 

1, 2019. Accessed May 23, 2019. https://giffords.org/2019/05/every-incident-of-mishandled-gunsin-schools/. 13 Ingraham, Christopher. ‘‘More than 26,000 children and teens have been killed in gun violence since 1999.’’ Washington Post. March 23, 2018. Accessed May 23, 2019. https:// 

www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/03/23/more-than-26000-children-and-teens-havebeen-killed-in-gun-violence-since-1999/?utm<term=.f44d9774dbcd. 14The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, The 9/11 Commission Report 394–97 (2004). 15 Improving the Federal Response: Perspectives on the State of Emergency Management. 

116th Congress. Chief James Waters, Counterterrorism, New York Police Department. March 

13, 2019. https://homeland.house.gov/sites/democrats.homeland.house.gov/files/documents/ 

Testimony-Waters.pdf. 16Public Law No. 115–141. 

handled in schools.12 There is some evidence that the availability 

of firearms is closely related to childhood gun fatalities.13

SHSGP is used to assist State, tribal, and local governments 

with preparedness activities that address high-priority preparedness gaps across all core capabilities where a nexus to terrorism exists. UASI assists high-threat, high-density urban areas to build 

and sustain the capabilities necessary to prevent, protect against, 

mitigate, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks. These 

grants were established to bolster terrorism preparedness and response capabilities in the wake of the terrorist attacks on the 

United States on September 11, 2001. In its seminal report, the 

National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States 

(also referred to as the 9/11 Commission) recommended that Congress provide funding, based on risk and vulnerability, to support 

state and local efforts to develop robust preparedness and response 

capabilities.14 The Committee has received hearing testimony from 

witnesses stating that while the current grants help recipients 

make critical investments in their homeland security preparedness, 

more money is needed to protect against the current, evolving 

threat landscape.15 Although buying firearms with these funds is 

currently disallowed by FEMA through administrative actions, this 

bill will make clear for this and future Administrations that Congress will not allow limited terrorism preparedness and response 

grants to be diverted to purchase firearms, especially in schools. 

Language prohibiting the use of UASI and SHSGP grants from 

purchasing firearms and firearm accessories has received bipartisan support as recently as the 115th Congress. The text of this 

legislation was included in H.R. 4627, the ‘‘Shielding Public Spaces 

from Vehicular Terrorism Act,’’ introduced by then-Representative 

Dan Donovan (R–NY), which passed out of the Committee on 

Homeland Security unanimously and passed the then-Republicancontrolled House by a voice vote. Additionally, a bill introduced by 

Representative John Rutherford (R–FL), the ‘‘STOP School Violence Act of 2018,’’ that barred a Department of Justice school safety grant program from being used to purchase firearms or firearms 

trainings was included in legislation that was signed into law.16

H.R. 2383 is supported by the National Association of School Resource Officers. 

HEARINGS

The Committee did not hold a legislative hearing on H.R. 2383 

in the 116th Congress; however, the Committee held the following 

oversight hearings: 

4 

115th Congress 

On April 23, 2018, the Committee held a hearing entitled ‘‘Securing Our Communities: Federal Support to High-Risk Urban Areas.’’ 

The Committee received testimony from Mr. Thomas DiNanno, Assistant Administrator for Grant Programs, Federal Emergency 

Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security; Mr. Brian 

Murphy, Acting Principal Deputy Under Secretary, Office of Intelligence and Analysis, DHS; Bill Sweeney, Assistant Director, Federal Bureau of Investigations; Mr. Chris P. Currie, Director, Homeland Security and Justice Issues, Government Accountability Office; Mr. John Miller, Deputy Commissioner, New York Police Department; Chief Pfeifer, New York City Fire Department; Mr. Joseph Esposito, Commissioner, New York City Emergency Management; Mr. John Bilich, Chief Security Officer, Port Authority of 

New York and New Jersey; and Mr. Jared Maples, Director, New 

Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness. 

On July 9, 2018, the Committee held a hearing entitled ‘‘Protecting Our Future: Addressing School Security Challenges in 

America.’’ The Committee received testimony from Mr. Jason Botel, 

Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Elementary and Secondary 

Education, U.S. Department of Education; Mr. Alan Hanson, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice; Mr. Robert Kolasky, Deputy 

Assistant Secretary, Office of Infrastructure Protection, National 

Protection and Programs Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Mr. Jared Maples, Director, Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness, State of New Jersey; Mr. Ben Castillo, Director, Office of School Preparedness and Emergency Planning, Department of Education, State of New Jersey; Ms. Jeanne 

Hengemuhle, Commanding Officer, Division of Human Resources 

Section, New Jersey State Police; Mr. Timothy Gerity, President, 

New Jersey Association of School Resource Officers; and Mr. Michael Reilly, President, Community Education Council 31, Staten 

Island, New York. 

116th Congress 

On March 13, 2019, the Committee held a hearing entitled ‘‘Improving the Federal Response: Perspectives on the State of Emergency Management.’’ The Committee received testimony from 

Major Louis V. Bucchere, Commanding Officer, Emergency Management Section, New Jersey State Police; Mr. Steve Reaves, 

FEMA Local 4060 President, American Federation of Government 

Employees (AFGE); Mr. Martin ‘‘Marty’’ Senterfitt, Fire Deputy 

Chief & Director of Emergency Management, Monroe County, Florida; and Mr. James Waters, Chief, Counterterrorism, NYPD. 

COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION

The Committee met on May 15, 2019, with a quorum being 

present, to consider H.R. 2383 and ordered the measure to be reported to the House with a favorable recommendation, without 

amendment, by voice vote. 

5 

COMMITTEE VOTES

Clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives requires the Committee to list the recorded votes on the motion to report legislation and amendments thereto. 

No recorded votes were requested during consideration of H.R. 

2383. 

COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT FINDINGS

In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the Committee advises that the findings 

and recommendations of the Committee, based on oversight activities under clause 2(b)(1) of rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives, are incorporated in the descriptive portions of this report. 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE ESTIMATE, NEW BUDGET

AUTHORITY, ENTITLEMENT AUTHORITY, AND TAX EXPENDITURES

With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of 

the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 308(a) of the 

Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and with respect to requirements 

of clause (3)(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 

1974, the Committee adopts as its own the estimate of the estimate 

of new budget authority, entitlement authority, or tax expenditures 

or revenues contained in the cost estimate prepared by the Director 

of the Congressional Budget Office. 

H.R. 2383 would prohibit federal funds provided by the Federal 

Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under two of the agency’s 

grant programs (the State Homeland Security Grant Program and 

the Urban Areas Security Initiative) from being used to purchase 

firearms or ammunition for use by teachers. 

According to FEMA, the agency’s current guidance and policies 

prohibit the use of grants to purchase weapons and ammunition. 

As a result, CBO estimates that H.R. 2383 would have no effect on 

the federal budget. 


Insert offset folio 7 here HR91.001
6 

The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Jon Sperl. The estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Analysis. 

FEDERAL MANDATES STATEMENT

The Committee adopts as its own the estimate of Federal mandates prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office 

pursuant to section 423 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act. 

DUPLICATIVE FEDERAL PROGRAMS

Pursuant to clause 3(c) of rule XIII, the Committee finds that 

H.R. 2383 does not contain any provision that establishes or reauthorizes a program known to be duplicative of another Federal program. 

PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The Committee states that pursuant to clause 3(c)(4) of rule XIII 

of the Rules of the House of Representatives, H.R. 2383 would require FEMA to continue its policy disallowing UASI or SHSGP 

funding to be used to purchase firearms or firearm accessories. 

ADVISORY ON EARMARKS

In compliance with rule XXI of the Rules of the House of Representatives, this bill, as reported, contains no congressional earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in 

clause 9(d), 9(e), or 9(f) of the rule XXI. 

SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION

Section 1. Short title 

This section provides that this bill may be cited as the Secure 

Communities and Safe Schools Act’’. 

Sec. 2. Prohibition on expenditure of certain Homeland Security 

grant funds to purchase firearms 

This section would codify current FEMA grant guidance restrictions on buying firearms or firearm accessories such as ammunition, in schools or elsewhere, with SHSGP or UASI grant funds. 

CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, 

as reported, are shown as follows (new matter is printed in italic 

and existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in 

roman): 

HOMELAND SECURITY ACT OF 2002 

* * * * * * * 

7 

TITLE XX—HOMELAND SECURITY 

GRANTS 

* * * * * * * 

Subtitle A—Grants to States and High-Risk 

Urban Areas 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 2008. USE OF FUNDS. 

(a) PERMITTED USES.—The Administrator shall permit the recipient of a grant under section 2003 or 2004 to use grant funds to 

achieve target capabilities related to preventing, preparing for, protecting against, and responding to acts of terrorism, consistent with 

a State homeland security plan and relevant local, tribal, and regional homeland security plans, including by working in conjunction with a National Laboratory (as defined in section 2(3) of the 

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801(3))), through— 

(1) developing and enhancing homeland security, emergency 

management, or other relevant plans, assessments, or mutual 

aid agreements; 

(2) designing, conducting, and evaluating training and exercises, including training and exercises conducted under section 

512 of this Act and section 648 of the Post-Katrina Emergency 

Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 748); 

(3) protecting a system or asset included on the prioritized 

critical infrastructure list established under section 2214(a)(2); 

(4) purchasing, upgrading, storing, or maintaining equipment, including computer hardware and software; 

(5) ensuring operability and achieving interoperability of 

emergency communications; 

(6) responding to an increase in the threat level under the 

Homeland Security Advisory System, or to the needs resulting 

from a National Special Security Event; 

(7) establishing, enhancing, and staffing with appropriately 

qualified personnel State, local, and regional fusion centers 

that comply with the guidelines established under section 

210A(i); 

(8) enhancing school preparedness; 

(9) enhancing the security and preparedness of secure and 

nonsecure areas of eligible airports and surface transportation 

systems; 

(10) supporting public safety answering points; 

(11) paying salaries and benefits for personnel, including individuals employed by the grant recipient on the date of the 

relevant grant application, to serve as qualified intelligence analysts, regardless of whether such analysts are current or new 

full-time employees or contract employees; 

(12) paying expenses directly related to administration of the 

grant, except that such expenses may not exceed 3 percent of 

the amount of the grant; 

(13) any activity permitted under the Fiscal Year 2007 Program Guidance of the Department for the State Homeland SeVerDate Sep 11 2014 06:08 Jun 01, 2019 Jkt 089006 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR091.XXX HR091
8 

curity Grant Program, the Urban Area Security Initiative (including activities permitted under the full-time counterterrorism staffing pilot), or the Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention Program; and 

(14) any other appropriate activity, as determined by the Administrator. 

(b) LIMITATIONS ON USE OF FUNDS.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Funds provided under section 2003 or 2004 

may not be used— 

(A) to supplant State or local funds, except that nothing 

in this paragraph shall prohibit the use of grant funds provided to a State or high-risk urban area for otherwise permissible uses under subsection (a) on the basis that a 

State or high-risk urban area has previously used State or 

local funds to support the same or similar uses; or 

(B) for any State or local government cost-sharing contribution. 

(2) PERSONNEL.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Not more than 50 percent of the 

amount awarded to a grant recipient under section 2003 or 

2004 in any fiscal year may be used to pay for personnel, 

including overtime and backfill costs, in support of the permitted uses under subsection (a). 

(B) WAIVER.—At the request of the recipient of a grant 

under section 2003 or 2004, the Administrator may grant 

a waiver of the limitation under subparagraph (A). 

(3) LIMITATIONS ON DISCRETION.— (A) IN GENERAL.—With respect to the use of amounts 

awarded to a grant recipient under section 2003 or 2004 

for personnel costs in accordance with paragraph (2) of this 

subsection, the Administrator may not— 

(i) impose a limit on the amount of the award that 

may be used to pay for personnel, or personnel-related, costs that is higher or lower than the percent 

limit imposed in paragraph (2)(A); or 

(ii) impose any additional limitation on the portion 

of the funds of a recipient that may be used for a specific type, purpose, or category of personnel, or personnel-related, costs. 

(B) ANALYSTS.—If amounts awarded to a grant recipient 

under section 2003 or 2004 are used for paying salary or 

benefits of a qualified intelligence analyst under subsection (a)(10), the Administrator shall make such 

amounts available without time limitations placed on the 

period of time that the analyst can serve under the grant. 

(4) CONSTRUCTION.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—A grant awarded under section 2003 

or 2004 may not be used to acquire land or to construct 

buildings or other physical facilities. 

(B) EXCEPTIONS.— (i) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), 

nothing in this paragraph shall prohibit the use of a 

grant awarded under section 2003 or 2004 to achieve 

target capabilities related to preventing, preparing for, 

protecting against, or responding to acts of terrorism, 

9 

including through the alteration or remodeling of existing buildings for the purpose of making such buildings secure against acts of terrorism. 

(ii) REQUIREMENTS FOR EXCEPTION.—No grant 

awarded under section 2003 or 2004 may be used for 

a purpose described in clause (i) unless— 

(I) specifically approved by the Administrator; 

(II) any construction work occurs under terms 

and conditions consistent with the requirements 

under section 611(j)(9) of the Robert T. Stafford 

Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 

U.S.C. 5196(j)(9)); and 

(III) the amount allocated for purposes under 

clause (i) does not exceed the greater of 

$1,000,000 or 15 percent of the grant award. 

(5) RECREATION.—Grants awarded under this subtitle may 

not be used for recreational or social purposes. 

(6) FIREARMS.—A grant awarded under section 2003 or 2004 

may not be used to purchase firearms or firearms accessories, 

such as ammunition, including for use by teachers. 

(c) MULTIPLE-PURPOSE FUNDS.—Nothing in this subtitle shall be 

construed to prohibit State, local, or tribal governments from using 

grant funds under sections 2003 and 2004 in a manner that enhances preparedness for disasters unrelated to acts of terrorism, if 

such use assists such governments in achieving target capabilities 

related to preventing, preparing for, protecting against, or responding to acts of terrorism. 

(d) REIMBURSEMENT OF COSTS.— (1) PAID-ON-CALL OR VOLUNTEER REIMBURSEMENT.—In addition to the activities described in subsection (a), a grant under 

section 2003 or 2004 may be used to provide a reasonable stipend to paid-on-call or volunteer emergency response providers 

who are not otherwise compensated for travel to or participation in training or exercises related to the purposes of this subtitle. Any such reimbursement shall not be considered compensation for purposes of rendering an emergency response 

provider an employee under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 

1938 (29 U.S.C. 201 et seq.). 

(2) PERFORMANCE OF FEDERAL DUTY.—An applicant for a 

grant under section 2003 or 2004 may petition the Administrator to use the funds from its grants under those sections for 

the reimbursement of the cost of any activity relating to preventing, preparing for, protecting against, or responding to acts 

of terrorism that is a Federal duty and usually performed by 

a Federal agency, and that is being performed by a State or 

local government under agreement with a Federal agency. 

(e) FLEXIBILITY IN UNSPENT HOMELAND SECURITY GRANT

FUNDS.—Upon request by the recipient of a grant under section 

2003 or 2004, the Administrator may authorize the grant recipient 

to transfer all or part of the grant funds from uses specified in the 

grant agreement to other uses authorized under this section, if the 

Administrator determines that such transfer is in the interests of 

homeland security. 

(f) EQUIPMENT STANDARDS.—If an applicant for a grant under 

section 2003 or 2004 proposes to upgrade or purchase, with assistVerDate Sep 11 2014 06:08 Jun 01, 2019 Jkt 089006 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6601 E:\HR\OC\HR091.XXX HR091
10 

ance provided under that grant, new equipment or systems that do 

not meet or exceed any applicable national voluntary consensus 

standards developed under section 647 of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 747), the applicant shall include in its application an explanation of why such 

equipment or systems will serve the needs of the applicant better 

than equipment or systems that meet or exceed such standards. 

* * * * * * * 

(11) 

MINORITY VIEWS 

While the purchase of firearms or firearms accessories or the 

purchase of ammunition is not permitted under the State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP) or under the Urban Area 

Security Initiative (UASI) Grant Program currently, that prohibition is solely based on policy and not as a matter of law. 

We are concerned that codifying this prohibition into law would 

eliminate any future flexibilities for state and local law enforcement to address specific threats of terrorism. Congress should encourage these communities to come up with appropriate solutions 

to stop violent acts instead of preemptively limiting their options. 

The threat landscape is constantly evolving and it is imperative 

that those receiving SHSGP or UASI grant funding should be able 

accommodate accordingly. 

MIKE ROGERS, 

Ranking Member. 

Æ