DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE Ons SMITH, Director 

Professional Paper 129 

SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO 

GENER.AL GEOLOGY 

1921 

DAVID WHITE, CHIEF GEOLOGIST 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1922 
THE BYRAM CALCAREOUS MARL OF MISSISSIPPI. 

By C. WYTHE CooKE. 

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. 

The beautiful and well-preserved shells contained in the lower Oligocene deposits at Vicksburg, Miss., early attracted the attention of 

collectors. Lesueur appears to have been the 

first to depict them, and the set of five plates 

engraved by him in 1829 shows a number of 

the species at Vicksburg. However, as his 

plates were not accompanied by names or descriptions, all the Vicksburg species date from 

later authors. His name, although n()t attached to any of the species as author, is perpetuated by Scapharca lesueuri Dall, one of 

the most common and most characteristic mollusks of the Byram marl. Conrad, theN estor 

of American Tertiary paleontologists, in 1848 1 

described and figured a large number of fossil 

mollusks from Vicksburg. Sincethattimemany 

collectors have visited Vicksburg, and specimens from the marls are eon tained in many 

cabinets, but no one has attempted a systematic 

study of the fossils. 

Nearly every student of the Vicksburg beds 

has recognized a twofold or a threefold division 

of the group. Conrad collected chiefly fro:m 

the topmost marls, but that he was aware of 

the presence of a lower shell bed and that five 

of his species came from it is plainly stated on 

pages 207-208 of the volume cited. Hilgard, in 

his monumental work on the geology of Mississippi/ published a characteristic section of the 

bluff at Vicksburg but did not propose nami~s 

for the various beds. Otto Meyer 3 in 1885 

distinguished three members of the Vicksburg, 

for which he proposed the names "Higher 

Vicksburgian," "Middle Vicksburgian," and 

1 Conrad, T. A., Observations on the Eocene formation and descriptions of 105 new fossils of that period from the vicinity of Vicksburg, 

Miss.: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Jour., 2d ser., vol. 1, pp. 111-134, 

1848; Descriptions of new fossil and recent shells of the United States: 

Idem, pp. 207-209, 1849. 2 Hilgard, E. W., Report on the geology and agriculture of the State 

of Mississippi, p. 141, 1860. 1 Meyer, Otto, The genealogy and the age of the species in the southern 

Old Tertiary, pt. 2: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 30, p. 71, 1885. 

'' Lower Vicksburgian.'' The middle and lower 

divisions of Meyer constitute but one horizon, 

in the opinion of Casey/ who says: 

At Vicksburg there are two distinct horizons. * * * 

The lower Vicksburgian consists of alternate thin strata 

of gray sands, sandy clays, and variably but usually loosely 

compacted white or gray limestone. The upper consists 

of a much thinner bed of more or less red-brown mad, 

often indurated into nodular masses or subindurated, and 

without trace of limestone, having rarely, however, thin 

layers of glauconitic sands and comminuted shells, in 

which entire specimens when found are generally much 

distorted by pressure. The faunas of these two beds 

differ very markedly. 

In 1918 I proposed names for the several 

formations of the Vicksburg group 5 and drew 

up the correlation table shown on page 80. 

The detailed evidence upon which this correlation is based is still awaiting publication. 

The present paper is designed to describe 

briefly the youngest formation of the Vicksburg group, the Byram marl, to give an account 

of its more notable exposures in Mississippi, 

and to enumerate some of the fossil species 

that have been found in it. The formation 

is more fully described in a manuscript by me 

awaiting publication by the ~1ississippi State 

Geological Survey. I hope before long to 

undertake the systematic description of the 

mollusks of the Vicksburg group. 

GENERAL FEATURES. 

The topmost formation of the Vicksburg 

group, the Byram calcareous marl, is named 

from the village of Byram, on Pearl River, 

Miss., about 9 miles below Jackson. The 

Byram beds were supposed by Casey 6 to constitute a "substage" intermediate in age between the Red Bluff clay and the Mint Spring 

marl, but more detailed study of the mollusks 

4 Casey, T. L., On the probable age of the Alabama white limestone: 

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., vol. 53, p. 515, 1901. 

>Cooke, C. W., Correlation of the deposits of Jackson and Vicksburg 

ages in Mississippi and Alabama: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 8, 

p. 187, 1918. 

6 Op. cit., pp. 517-518. 

79 
80 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 192L 

and corals shows that the marl at Byram is of 

the same age as the upper shell bed at Vicksburg, and this correlation is entirely corroorated by the evidence of the Bryozoa and the 

Foraminifera. 

The Byram marl lies conformably upon the 

Glendon limestone member of the Marianna 

limestone. The relations of the Byram marl 

to the overlying Catahoula are conjectural. 

At Vicksburg the transition from one formation 

.to the other is so gradual that deposition appears to have been continuous from the Vicksburg into the Catahoula, but at Waynesboro 

the change in lithology is so abrupt as to suggest the probability of an interruption in 

deposition. However, no unequivocal eviAt Vicksburg, where the entire thickness of 

the Byram marl is exposed, the formation is 

on1y 42! feet thick. On Chickasawhay River, 

in eastern Mississippi, incomplete exposures 

indicate a thickness of at least 70 feet. Because 

of the softness of the Byram marl, exposures 

are few and usually incomplete, and in many 

places the whole formation is covered. The 

outcrop of the Byram marl extends entirely 

across the State of Mississippi. Exposures are 

known on Mississippi, Pearl, Leaf, and Chickasawhay rivers and at a few intermediate 

places, and strata of the same age have been 

found at several places in Alabama. 

No marked physiographic features are due 

to the Byram marl. The soft, easily eroded 

Correlation of the Jackson and Vicksburg deposits in Mississippi and Alabama. 

Age Mississippi Alabama 

Byram calcareous marl 

p.. 

;:::1 ~) 0 cil <ll Glendon limestone member ~ bb <ll ~ ~ (..) OJ) ~0 0 1-< 

-~~ ---------------------------------------.;:_,-::._------------· ---------------------------------------

,;:p ;:::1 

0 ..0 

U1 ~ s ~ ~;..::::: (..) 1fint Spring calcareous marl member ',, ' ' Chimney rock'' facies 

> 

Forest Hill sand ~ Red Bluff clay ~ 

---- ~--------~----1 

Yazoo clay member 

Ocala limeston'3 

Moodys calcareous marl member 

dence of unconformity between the two formations has been observed. 

Although the Byram marl, being the formation from which Conrad obtained most of his 

fossils from Vicksburg and upon which he 

based his description of the Vicksburg group, 

is the type formation of the group; it is not 

nearly- so conspicuous as the Marianna limestone, which underlies it, and . this has given 

rise to the erroneous impression that the Vicksburg group consists chiefly of limestone. The 

formation, as the name indicates, consists 

largely of marl, but it contains also thin beds 

of impure limestone, clay, and sand. The 

marl is generally sandy and contains considerable glauconite. On natural outcrops it 

is of a rusty yellowish color, but where less 

weathered i~ is gray or green. 

strata usually form gentle slopes between the 

harder Glendon limestone member of the 

Marianna limestone, below, and the Catahoula 

sandstone, .above. At some places the Byram 

marl has been eroded back from the edge of the 

Glendon limestone, leaving the hard ledges of 

the Glendon projecting as a broad platform 

or terrace 

LOCAL DETAILS. 

VICINITY OF VICKSBURG. 

Exposures of the Byram marl occur at 

several places near Vicksburg. The best and 

most complete is on the Park Road leading 

southward up the hill from . W altersville past 

the north side of the National Cemetery. 

Bed 1 of the following section, which shows 

the entire thickness of the Byram marl as well 

as parts of the adjacent formations, was found 
THE BYRAM CALCAREOUS MARL OF MISSISSIPPI. 81 

in a ravine 11 feet below the wagon bridge on 

the east side of Walters ville. 

Section between TFaltersville and the National Cemetery. 

Feet. 

12. Loess ................ .. .. . ....... ... .. . . .. 25± 

11. Coarse gravel, pebbles 2 inches in maximum 

length, in matrix of irregularly grained sand. 13 

Catahoula sandstone (?): 

10. Fine gray laminated sand. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 

Byram marl: 

9. Lower 10 feet consists of a shell bed with 

Scapharca lesueuri, etc., at base, overlain 

by 1! feet of brownish fossiliferous clay 

grading upward into yellowish ferruginous, 

glauconitic sandy marl with shells. Upper 

part is prevailingly brown clay with 

patches of marl, with shells locally 'abundant. Top is yellowish-gray, sparingly 

glauconitic, ferrt1ginous shell marl with 

Ostrea vicksburgensis, Pecten poulsoni, etc. 38 

8. Gray or brown argillaceous marl and brown 

clay with occasional plant remains associated with mollusks. Shells especially 

abundant near the top. Dentalium miss·issippiense, Pecten poulsoni, etc......... 4. 5 

Marianna limestone (Glendon limestone member): 

7. Grav glauconitic, somewhat indurated marl 

with poorly preserved fossils. Nodular in 

upper part............. . .... . . . . . . . . . . 4. 5 

6. Blue-gray or gray fossiliferous glauconitic 

argillaceous marl with some stiff blue clay 

at top. Lepidocycl-ina........ ... ........ 4 

5. Gray marl, slightly indurated at top, which 

forms a projecting ledge over Nos. 3 and 4. 

The top is level with the floor of the bridge 

at the south end. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

4. Stiff brown clay with thin partings of marL . · 

3. Gray or yellow marl vvith obscure fossils; a 

thin band of brown clay at bottom........ l. 5 

2. Hard pinkish-gray limestone with a little 

glauconite and fragments of Pinna, etc. 

A few inches at top consists of soft laminated gray marl with abundant Lepidocyclina and Pecten poulsoni.............. 2 

1. Gray or cream-colored sandy marl, with 

flakes of mica and small grains of glauconite. Pecten ponlsoni and fragments of 

other fossils. Thickness seen ......... _ . 1 5 

The fossil species in the following list we e 

obtained from the Byram marl at this localit 

Surcula (Pleurofusia) vicksburgensis (Oonrad). 

Cochlespira cristata (Conrad). 

Drillia abundans (Conrad). 

Drillia ta:ntula (Conrad). 

Scobinella caelata Conrad. 

Conus protractus Meyer. 

Conus :;tlveatus Conrad. 

Olivella missi~ippiensis (Conrad). 

Olivella affluens Casey. 

Caricella demissa Conrad. 

Lyria mississippiensis (Conrad). 

Busycon spiniger (Conrad). 

Latirus protractus (Conrad). 

Xancus wilsoni (Conrad). 

Phos mississippiensis (Conrad). 

Rapana n. sp. (0. B. HopkinR, collector). 

Murex mississippiensis Conrad. 

Galeodea (Sconsia) lintea (Conrad). 

Ficus mississippiensis Conrad. 

Aporrhais lirata (Comad). 

Architectonica trilirata (Conrad). 

, Sinum niississippienE-e (Conrad). 

Fissuridea mississippiensis (Conrad). 

Dentalium mississippiense Conrad. 

Scapharca lesueuri Dall. 

Ostrea vicksburgensis Conrad. 

~~~~~~Jr::~~::~~lf ~~~:ad. Protocardia diversa (Conrad). 

Pitaria (Lamelliconcha) imitabilis (Conrad). 

Macrocallista (Chionella) sobrina (Conrad). 

Crassatellites mississippiensis (Conrad). 

Less complete exposures of the Byram marl 

are found in the upper courses of both Mint 

Spring Bayou and Glass Bayou at Vicksburg. 

At Haynes Bluff, 14 rniles north of Vicksburg, 

only 8-2- feet of the Byram marl is exposed. It 

consists of yellow glauconitic sandy fossiliferous 

marl overlain by gray calcareous clay. The 

fossils obtained at Haynes Bluff are listed under 

station 7385. 

BYRAM. 

In the bank of Pearl River at Byram are the 

typical exposures of the Byram marl. Broad 

ledges of indurated glauconitic marl alternating with softer beds of green clay rise about 10 

feet above low-water mark. The rock is 

abundantly fossiliferous, and most of the fossils 

Station 7372. Road north of the National Cemete 

north of Vicksburg, Miss., beds 8 and 9 of section; C. 

Cooke, collector, May 16, 1915: 

' are contained in pockets of softer marl. The 

species which have been obtained from these 

beds are in!cluded in the general list. l.epidocyclina supera (Conrad). 

A rchohelia mississi ppiensis (Conrad). 

Archohelia vicksburgensis (Conrad). 

Actaeocina crassiplica (Conrad). 

Terebra tantula Conrad. 

Terebra divisura Conrad. 

Turris (Pleuroliria) cochlearis (Conrad). 

Bathytoma congesta (Conrad). 

The marl beds and ledges of impure limestone 

extend up and down the river from Byram for 

several miles, but the individual exposures 

show thicknesses so s:mall that it is di:ffi.cul t to 

determine just where to draw the line between 

the Byram marl and the Marianna limestone. 
82 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 19Q.l. 

LEAF RIVER. 

On Leaf River the Byram marl appears on 

the west bank at a fish trap half a mile below 

the bridge on the Taylorsville-Silvarena road 

near old Blakeney post office. The strata exposed consist of only 2~ feet of bluish lignitic 

clay and fossiliferous blue sand, which· form a 

shelf-like bench near water level, but the sands 

have yielded the large and characteristic fauna 

which is listed under stations 5615 and 7376. 

ram marl. One of the most abundant and most 

widely distributed species is the littleScapharca 

lesueuri Dall, which appears to be restricted 

to this horizon. The recent discovery at Vicksburg of a coral which Vaughan reports from the 

coral reef at Bainbridge, Ga., from Tampa, Fla., 

and from many places in the West Indies suggests a closer relation of the Oligocene. chert of 

Flint River to the Byram marl than had hitherto been suspected. 

In addition to the corals, mollusks, and 

WOODWARDS. echinoderms listed here, the accompanying 

On Chickasawhay River at Woodwards, 2 paper by Mr. Cushman adds to the fauna of the 

miles northwest of Waynesboro, about 5 feet Byram marl 68 species and varieties of Foramiof blue or gray glauconitic shell marl composed nifera from Byram alo~e, and it is certain ~~at 

largely of Foraminifera and containing an stud~ of. all the m~tenal from other l~cahtws 

irregularly indurated ledge of gray limestone now In his hands will add greatly to this numis exposed -beneath the bridge. The deposit ' ber. A monograph by Canu and Bassler 7 

evidently forms part of the Byram marl and is adds 45 Bryozoa to the fauna of the Byram 

probably very near the horizon of the shell bed marl. 

on Leaf River near Blakeney, which it resembles. In addition to many Foraminifera, including Lepidocyclina supera (Conrad), which 

is characteristic of the Byram marl, the following species have been collected: 

Station 6648. Chickasawhay River at wagon bridge onefourth mile west of Woodwards station, Wayne County, 

Miss., C. Wythe Cooke, collector: 

Bryozoa (25 species representing 19 genera). 

Lunatia sp. 

Dentalium mississippiense Conrad. 

Scapharca lesueuri Dall. 

· Ostrea vicksburgensis Conrad. 

Pecten poulsoni Morton. 

Macrocal'lista sp. 

FAUNA OF THE BYRAM CALCAREOUS MARL. 

Stations of the Byram marl. 

3722. Vicksburg, Miss. Bluff just above second sawmill 

on the river. Horizon No. 2 from top. T. W. Vaughan, 

collector, 1900. 

3724. Vicksburg, Miss. Horizon above waterfall on 

Mint Spring Bayou, near National Cemetery. T. W. 

Vaughan, collector, 1900. 

3729. Vicksburg, Miss. Top of bluff opposite second 

sawmill, slightly above second horizon. T. W. Vaughan, 

collector, 1900. 

5615. West bank of Leaf River three-quarters of a mile 

southeast of Blakeney, Smith County, Miss. No. 2 of 

section. Nearest town is Taylorsville, which is about 8 

miles south of Blakeney. ,G. C. Matson, collector, 1910. 

5623. Byram, Hinds County, Miss. West bank of Pearl 

River. Includes all fossiliferous beds of section. G. C. 

Matson, collector, 1910. 

6449. Confederate A venue, Vicksburg, Miss., 600 to 700 

feet north of bridge over Glass Bayou. C. W. Cooke, colThe following list includes only the corals, lector, Oct. 17, 1912. 

mollusks, and echinoderms which are in the prin- 6454. Pearl River just above bridge at Byram, Miss. 

cipal collections of the U.S. National Museum C. W. Cooke, collector, Oct. 23, 1912. 

from the Byram marl. The corals were named 6455. Pearl River at bridge at Byram, Miss. E. N. 

Lowe, collector, September, 1912. 

byT.:W.Vaughan. I identified the mollusks and 7376. Leaf River, Smith County, Miss., half a mile below 

echinoderms and prepared the lists. The list in- the wagon bridge on Taylorsville-Silvarena road, near old 

eludes 5 corals, 134 mollusks, and 2 echinoderms, Blakeney post office (same locality as 5615). E. N. Lowe 

of which 80 occur also in the Mint Spring marl, and C. W. Cooke, collectors, May 22, 1915. 

7385. Haynes Bluff, Warren County, Miss. Upper marl 

46 persisted from the Red Bluff clay (including bed. c. w. Cooke, collector, May 17, 1915. 

6 which have not been found in the Mint Spring ----------------'--------

1 1 Canu, Ferdinand, and Bassler, R. S., North American early Tertiary 

mar), and 54 appear to be peculiar to the By- Bryozoa: u.s. Nat. Mus. Bun. 100,1920. 
THE BYRAM CALCAREC~US MARL OF MISSISSIPPI. 

Species of corals, mollusks, and ech noderms from the Byram calcareous marl. 

Haynes 

Bluff. Vick burg. 

Byram marl. 

Byram. Leaf River. Mint 

Spring 

marl. 

83 

Red 

Bluff 

clay. 

~ ~j~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ --------------1------.i------------------· --

Turbinoliainsignifica Vaughan?... X ------ _____ ------------ ______ ------------ ------------ X 

Archohelia mississi ppiensis (ConA:X2h~ii~~i~i-:;b~~g~~~i~(c~~r"ad -.-- x- ·1 ~ Balanophyllia caulifera (Conrad) .... __ .. _________ . _ 

Dendrophyllia n. sp ....... __ ...... _. __ .. .. ___ . _ .. ~. 

Acteocina crassiplica (Conrad) .. ---- X X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Vol vula sp ...... ___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __ . . . . _ . _ . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ .... _ _ _ . . . . _ ... _ . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . 

XI~isc~;-~~~----_-_·:::::::~~::~:::~::: ::: :: .~-- :.:::: --~-- :::::::::::: --~-- --~-- --~-- ~ --~-- ·----- Ringicula mississippiensis Conrad .. ____ .. 1 ••• _ •• __ • • • __ ••• ___ •••• _ •• __ • X __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X 

Ringiculan. SP------------------- · ----- . ..... _____ ------------ -----· ______ --- --- X 

Terebra divisura Conrad. __ .. __ .. --. __ .. _. X X 

Terebra tantula Conrad .... _______ . X X 

Turris ( Pleuroliria) cochlearis (Con- rad) ____ .. _____ .... ___ .... __ . _. _ .. _. __ 

Gemmula rotaedens (Conrad)._._ ... ____ _ Gemmula tenella (Conrad). __ ._ ... _____ _ Bathytoma congesta (Conrad) ____ . . ____ _ 

Surcula (Pleurofusia) decliva (ConX 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

rad) ..... _____ ........ _._. ___ ._. __ .. ___ ___ . ____ _ 

Surcula (Pleurofusia) vicksburgen- sis (Casey) .. _ ............. ___ . _ _ _ _ .. . 

Surcula (Pleurofusia) servata (Con- ' 1

, 

rad) _ ... __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . X 

Surcula (Pleurofusia) clarkeana 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

? 

X 

X 

. X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

? 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

(Aldrich)_ .......... _ ........ _. _____ ... _________ . _ _ _ .. _ .... _. _ ? .............. _ .... __ .. _ . . . . . . x· Microsurcula intacta Casey ...... _ . ____ . . . X X ? 

Microsurcula aff. M. intacta Casey __ _ ... _______ . ____ . __ .... ____ .. _ .. __ .. ___ .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . X 

Microdrillia infans var. vicksburgX 

X 

ella Casey?_ ............ _____ . ___ .......... _. . . . . . _ ............ __ ... X X X ... 1 ••• 

Cochlespira cristata (Conrad)_. __ .. ___ . . . X _ .. _ _ _ _ .... _ . _ . ____ .... __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X ...........• Cochlespira sp ...... _ . _ .... __ . _ ..... __________ .. _ _ _ X _ . _ ... _ . _ . _ ..... _ . __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X 

Drillia tantula (Conrad) ........ __ . . X X X __ .... ___ . _ . X .... __ . . . . . . X ...........• 

Drilliaabundans(Conrad) .......... ·----- X X X X ------------------------ X X 

Drillia caseyi Aldrich ......... _____ X X X X _ ..... ___ ... X _ .... _ .... -- X X X Mangi~~a? cf. M. meridianalis Meyer .. __ . . . ... _ _ _ _ . . . . .. _ . . __ . . . . . ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X . __ . _ . . ....• 

Borson1a sp .... __ .. _. _ .. _. _. ___ .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X ...... _ ....... . ... ------ -- ... - ------ ------ -----. ScpbinellacaelataConrad __________ ------ X X X X X X X 

Scpbinella pleuriplicata Casey .. _. ____ . ___ . _ _ _ _ X X __ ... _____ . ___ ... _______ . __ ... ____ . _ X X 

Co~orbisporcellana(Co:nrad) ....... ----- - ? ------------------ -----· ------ X X X ---·-- -----· Co us alveatlis Conrad ......... -. . X X X X X X X X X X X 

Co us pro tractus Meyer_ ..... ___ __ . _ . __ . . X X ____ . ______ . __ .. _ .. _ .. _ . ___ ....... _ . X 

Ca;ncellaria mississippiensis Conrad. X X X .. _ ... _. _. ___ . _ ....... _ .. __ ... X . ____ ..... _. 

Cancellaria sp. c .. __ . __ .. _. ____ ... . . . . . . X .......................................... ------ . ----- -----. OltvellamississippiensiB (Conrad).. . . . . . . X X X X X X X X X 

OhvellaaffluensCasey. ----------- X X X X X · X X X X X 

Olivella n. sp ................ ____ .. _... X X . _. _ .. . . _ ..... _ ... __ . _. __ ... ·.. . . . . . . X 

~f~~~cif~ d!~i;s~-c~~;~ci:_-_-_-_-_~:::: :::::: ·-x-- ~~~::: ··x·- :::~:~ ~:::~: --~-- :::::~ ~~~~~~ :::::: ~~~::: ··x·· 

Cruricella demissa Conrad var .. _ . __ ........................ _ . . . . . X X X X X _ ... ... ____ . Ca;ricella sp .. __ . _ .. __ . _ ... _ ... _. __ ........ __ .. X _ .......... __ ............. _. _. ___ ............ _ .... ___ . 

L~iamississippiensis(Conrad) ..... ------ X X X X X X ------------ ? X tra conq~isita Conrad .... ___ .. __ . . . _ .... __ . . X __ .... _. _ .. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X 

Ml!tra cell uhfera Conrad _ . _ . __ .. _ _ _ _ _ __ . . . X X _ . . . . . . . __ . ~ _ . . . . . . • . . . . . . _ . . . . . __ . . . . . . . . __ . . . . ____ .. 

C~om~travick~burgensis(Conrad . ------------------ ---·-- ------ ---· -· .•.... X ...... . : .... -----· _____ _ C9llom1trastammea(Conrad) ....... ------ -·---- ----·-- ------------ -----· ...... X ------ ............ ------ Xancus '\\ilsoni (Conrad)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X ...... __ ........ _ . _ . _ ..... _ ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . X ... _ ... ___ .• 

Latirus pro tractus (Conrad) . . . . . . . X X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X 

Latirus perexilis (Conrad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X . . . . . . ___ . _ _ X .. _ . _ _ _ .... _ X X X 

Busyconspiniger(Conrad) ......... ------ X -·---- ------ ·----- ------ X ------------------ ·----- X 

Clavilithes aff. C. humerosa (Conrad)---·---------------·-------------- X 

Fusinus mississippiensil3 (Conrad)?. . . . . . . X 
84 SHORTER CONTRIBUT10NS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1921. 

Species of corals, mollusks, and echinoderms from the Byram calcareous marl-Continued . 

Byram marl. 

Haynes Mint Red 

Bluff. Vicksburg. Byram. Leaf River. Spring Bluff 

marl. clay. 

7385 3722 3724 3729 6449 5523 6454 6455 5615 7376 

---------------- - ---------------------

Phosmississippiensis (Conrad)..... X X X X . . . . . . . . . . . . X X .X X 

Phos mississippiensis (Conrad) var. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X .......................... _... .. .. . . X 

Phos vicksburgensis (Aldrich)...... . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. X . .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X 

Phos sp ........................ _ .... _.. X . . . . . . X _ . .. _. _ ....... _......... . . . . . . . . . . . . X 

Columbella (Astyris) sp............ . . . . .. X X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . X X 

M urex mississi ppiensis Conrad. . . . . X X X X X X X . X X X 

M urex sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X ..................... -... -.. - - - - - - - - - - --. - - - - - - - - --- - - -- - - -• 

~rit~:i~~r~:Sidt:~~(c~~~:cif_·_-_-_-_- _- ~ : :::: ~ --x -- -- x -- ~ · : : :: :: :: : : : : ::: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : l- ~ ---- ~ - -- ~ -- Distorsio aff. D. abbreviatus (Conrad) ................................................................................... X ........... . Phalium caelatura (Conrad) . . . .. .. . . .. .. X X X X X X ........... . Galeodea (Sconsia) lintea (Conrad). . . . .. . X .. . .. . . . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . X X 

Galeodea sp ..................... ~ . . . . . . X .........................................................•.. 

~~~~~i~li~-(sy;~~i~)-~i>~:~_-_-_-_·_~:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: --~-- :::::: --x-- --x-- -- ~-- ...... Ficus mississippiensis Conrad. . . . . . . . . . . . X X X ....... J. . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X 

Cypraea sphaeroides Conrad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J X . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . ... . . X 

g~~\~e(sl~~i~ )cs~~r~~-- _- ~ ~ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :I: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ·\: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : --~ --. -X --: : : : : : : : : : : : 

A porrhais lirata (Conrad).. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. X .. .. .. X . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. X 

Epitonium trigintanarium (Conrad) .............................. --\-- ............ -. X X X X 

Epitoniumsp ..................................................... 

1 

...................... X X 

Turritella caelatura Conrad ...... _ ... ___ ..... _. X X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X 

Turritella mississippiensis Conrad __ .. .. .. X .. . .. . X .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. X 

Triphoris sp ............................. _. _ ... _ ........ _ .. _ ..... _ ....... __ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . X _ .......... . Architectonicatrilirata(Conrad).... X X ...... ...... ...... ...... X X . X X 

Calyptraeasp ............................ X X X ...... ------------ X X X X 

Xenophora sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X 

Naticasp. a............................. X ...... ...... ...... ...... X ...... ...... ...... X X 

N atica sp. b •.•.•••.• _ •••.•••••..... _ . . . . X X X ............ -. ---- ? ? - - - - - - . - --.. Naticasp. c ............................. X X X ............ X X ............ X 

Lunatiavicksburgensis (Conrad)................................. X ...... ...... ...... ...... X X 

Lunatia sp. g._ ........ _ . .......... . . . _.. X .................... r·.. X .................. -..........• 

~~~~::.s~~~~i~-~i·e-~s_e_~~~~~~~}~::: :::::: ~ --~-- --~-- :::::: ...... Q :::::::::::::::::: --~-- --~-- Sinum (Eunaticina) conradii (Dall) ... _... X .. .. .. X .......... _. X .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . X 

Fissuridea mississippiensis (Conrad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X ...... _ .... _ .......... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? 

DentaliummississippienseConrad.. X X . . . . . . X X X X X X X X 

Cadulus vicksburgensis Meyer..... X ...... _ ....... _ ........... L... .. .. .. .. .. .. X X X 

N ucula vicksburgensis Conrad. . . . . X ... _ ....... _ X _ . . . . . . . . . . . X X . . . . . . . . . . . . X X 

~~tdi~~:~~~-(C"~~a:d)·i::::::::::: "x" :::::::::::::::::::::::: :: ::: :::::~ :::::::::::: --~-- "x" "x"" 

Glycymeris arctata (Conrad)....... X .......................... f--- .. ---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ----· · 

Scapharca lesueuri Dall. . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X X X .... -...... . Barbatiamississippiensis(Conrad)?. X X .. .. .. . .. .. . X .. l. .......................... X 

Pinna (Atrina) argentea Conrad ............................... : .... 1... X ...... 1••• ••• • • • • • • X 

Pteriaargentea(Conrad) ................ X ............ X ..... X ...... , ............ X X 

Ostrea vicksburgensis Conrad. . . . . . X X X . . . . . . . . X X X . .. . . . . X X 

Pecten_ poulsoni Morton. .. .. .. .. .. . X X X X ~ X I X X X X 

Pecten (Pseudamusium) subminutusAldrich ..... · ........... ........ ... ................................... ... ......... X X X 

Modiolus mississippiensis Conrad?.. X ................................................................ . Modiolus sp... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X .................. ...........• 

Panope oblongata (Conrad) .......... ·..... X X ................... -- ............ -- ---- .... -.. . Corbula engonata Conrad.......... X X X X X X X X X 

CorbulalaqueataCasey............ X X X X ...... ...... X X X X X 

Corbula alta Conrad............... . . . . . . . . . . . . X X ....................... - ..... - . . . . . . X 

Spisula funerata (Conrad)......... . . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . X .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. X 

Donax funerata Conrad............. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. X .................. -- .. -- ... --- ? X 

~~:!~~ti~ii~~~:c:r~dn_r~~--~:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: --*-- --x-- :::::::::::: --~-- --x-- --···· 

Tellina vicksburgensis Conrad. . . . . . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X 

Tellina (Scissula)? sp.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X . -- .. - ..... - ------ -... -- -- ..•• Tellina sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -... - . . . . . . X - -.. - - - -- -- - - ---. - - - - - - - - ---- - - -•••• Semele sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - -. - . - - -- -- - X -- -- - -. - - -- - - -...•• 
THE BYRAM CALCAREOUS MARL OF MISSISSIPPI. 85 

Species of corals, mollusks, and echinoderms from the Byram calcareous marZ.:_Continued. 

Byram marl. 

Haynes/ I . Mint Red Bluff. I Vicksburg. Byram. Leaf River. Spring Bluff 

marl. clay. , 

--~-----------~~~~~~ 5623 6455 ~----- Macrocallista (Chionella) sobrina I 

(Conrad). .. -- . ...... . . ........... X j X X X X 1-..... . . . . . . X 1 ...•.• 

1

...... X X 

~i~~~i~i~i;:bi1i~ < C"o~r·a·d )-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ · · x · · · · x · · · · x · · · · x · · ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , · · x · · · · x · · , · · x · ·1 .. ~ .. I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ • • x · ·1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Pitaria astartiformis (Conrad).. . ... . . . . . . X . . . . . . X ... -. . · · ·- · · · · · · · · ·-···I··-·· ·1· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 

i~llll~t~1~~~d>~,~;; <:: ~)~: ;yr> :y; ;;::;: : <:P: ::< .:~~- ;;:;\> 

Protocardia diversa (Conrad)....... X X X X . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X 

~~tl~::.:nE~:::~:: ::: . ::: : <:: ::::·· :::::::::::: 1 :~ ; --: ~:- : · :::- : ::> :::::: 

(Conrad)....................... X X . ..... X .... .. X X X X X 

~:::r~l~~:tri~~~;I~t~:M~~~,::: >: ::::: :·::: :: ::: :::: ::::::: ~: :: :::: ~:: ::~: ::~:: ::::: 

VerticordiadallianaAldrich ....... X ...... . ..... . ............................. X ...... X I X 

Clypeaster rogersi (Morton)?....... . . .. .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. X X X . . . . . . . . . . .. X ..... . Schizaster? sp ............. . ........... . ....... . ......... . ............. 1 

X X ................. - .... --

The 'following list ~numerates the species 

of Bryozoa which have been recorded by Canu 

and Bassle:r 1 from the Byram marl in Mississippi. The initialE? B and W indicate that the 

species so marked occur at Byram and Woodwards, respectively. Those marked V are 

from Vicksburg, but whether from the Byram 

marl or from the Mint Spring marl is not 

recorded. Material from both horizons was 

studied by Canu and Bassler. The letters 

R, 0, and J signify that the species so marked 

occur also in deposits of Red Bluff, Claiborne, 

or Jackson age. 

V Conopeum concavum Canu and Bassler. 

JB Hinksina ocalensis Canu and Bassler. 

V Membrendoecium lowei Canu and Bassler. 

V Membraniporidra similis Canu and Bassler. 

W Stamenocella inferaviculifera Canu and Bassler. 

W Stamenocella grandis Canu and Bassler. 

W Scrupocellaria cookei Canu and Bassler. 

W Scrupocellaria williardi Canu and Bassler. 

W Scrupocellaria clausa Canu and Bassler. 

VBW N ellia oculata Busk. 

JB N ellia bifaciata Canu and Bassler. 

B Diplopholeos lineatum Canu and Bassler. 

.JB Floridina antiqua Smitt. 

1 Canu, Ferdinand, and Bassler, · R. S., North American early Tertiary Bryozoa: U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 106, pp. 34-38, 1920. 

I • 

RVBW Lunularia (Oligotresium) vicksburgensis Conrad. 

VW Lunularia tintinabula Canu and Bassler. 

JB Puellina radiata anaticula Canu and Bassler. 

B Gephyrotes spectabilis Canu and Bassler. 

BW Arachnopusia vicksburgica Canu and Bassler. 

BW Trypostega venusta Norman. ' 

.JB Hippoporina lucens Canu and Bassler . 

.JW Hippomenella crassicollis Canu and Bassler. 

RB Hippodiplosia baccata Canu and Bassler. 

VB Hippodiplosia strangulat;:~. Canu and Bassler. 

BW Enoplostomella synthetica Canu and Bassler. 

B Enoplostomella magniporosa Canu and Bassler. 

BW Parella compacta Canu and Bassler. 

W Retepora laciniosa Canu and Bassler. 

VBW Tubucellaria vicksburgica Canu and Bassler. 

V Metrarabdotos moniliferum Edwards and Haime. 

W Meniscopora elliptica Canu and Bassler. 

RB Adeonellopsis galeata Canu and Bassle'r. 

B Adeonellopsis cyclops Canu and Bassler. 

B Perigastrella plana Canu and Bassler. 

V Osthimosia glomerata Gabb and Horn. 

B Holoporella peristomaria Canu and Bassler. 

W Fedora pusilla Canu and Bassler. 

BW Oncousoecia quinqueseriata Canu and Bassler. 

W Mecynoecia semota Canu and Bassler. 

W Exochoecia rugosa Canu and Bassler. 

W Diaperoecia clara Canu and Bassler. 

C.JVW Pleuronea subpertusa Canu and Bassler. 

V Pleuronea fenestrata Busk. 

JW Idmonea milneana D'Orbigny. 

JW Idmonea petri D'Archiac. 

W Idmonea triforata Canu.