NATIONAL CENTER Series 2.1 

For HEALTH STATISTICS INumber 6 

VITAL and HEALTH STATISTICS 

DATA FROM THE NATIONALVITAL STATISTICS SVSTEM 

Weight at Birth and 

Causeof Deathin 

the NeonatalPeriod 

Statistics derived from vital records on neonatal mortality by age and cause according to weight at birth, 

by color and sex, for infants born in the united States 

during the first 3 months of 1950. 

Washington, D.C. JUIY 1965 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF 

HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service 

Anthony J. Celebrezze Luther L. Terry 

Secretary Surgeon Genera I 
.

This report was originally published in Vital Statistics—Special Reports, 

Vol. 39, No. 6 (February 1956). Since the data presented and analyzed 

in the report are of continuing importance, it has been reprinted in Vital 

and Health Statistics wirhout change. 

I I 

Public Health Service Publication No. 1000-Series 21–No. 6 

—— 

For saIe by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D. C., 20402 - Price 50 cents 

,. .... ... , 
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS 

FORREST E. LINDER, PH. D., Di~ector 

THEODORE D.WOOLSEY,Deputy Director 

OSWALD K.SAGEN,PH.D.,A!nzkatzt Director 

WALT R.SIMMONS,M.A.,Statihal Advi.ror 

ALICEM.WATERHOUSE, M.D.,Medical Advi~or 

JAMES E.KELLY,D.D.s.,Dental Advi~or 

LOUISR.STOLCIS, M.A.,Executive Oj?cer 

DIVISION OF VITAL STATISTICS 

ROBERTD. GROVE,PH. D., Ch;cf 

ANDERSS. LUNDE,PH.D., Asistant Chief 

Public Health Service Publication No. 1000-Series 21-No. 6 
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CONTENTS 

Text 

Page 

Introduction 

Registration completeness 

Classification 

Seasonality 

Interpretationof cause of death data-----

Distribution of “not stated” 

birth weights 

Chance variation 

Birth weight and certification of 

immaturity on cause of death ----------

General mortality 

Age at death-----------------------------

Cause of death --------------------------

Changes in cause rates with 

birth weight 

2~5 

225 

225 

226 

226 

228 

229 

229 

232 

232 

234 

236 

Cause distribution at each age 

Age distribution of deaths from 

each cause 

Race 

Age at death 

Hospital versus total births, nonwhite 

group----------------------------------

Cause of death 

Plurality 

Age at death-----------------------------

Cause ofdeath 

Sex of child 

Age at death 

Cause of death --------------------------

Summary -----------------------------------

258 

239 

239 

239 

241 

242 

243 

243 

243 

244 

244 

246 

247 

Page 

227 

230 

232 

234 

233 

235 

237 

240 

245 

247 

Text Tables 

Table 

A. Percentage distributions ofdeaths under 28days, by age and selected causes, by 

race: United States, Januaryl to March 31, 195Qand calendar year 1950 

B. Deaths under 28 days from certain diseases of early infancy, accordingto 

whether immaturity mentioned, by birth weight, race, and plurality of birth. 

United States, January lto March 31, 1950 

c. Percentage distribution of deaths under 28days, by age, by birth weight: 

United States, January lto March 31, 1950 ---------------------------------------------

D. Index of relative mortality at specified ages under 28days, by birth weight: 

United States, January lto March 31, 1950---------------------------------------------

Figures 

Figure 

i. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Risk of mortality by birth weight at specified ages: United States, Jan.-Mar. 19EIo-------

Neonatal morta.lity at specified weights; percent distributions and rates by cause of 

death United States, Jan.-Mar. 1950 ---------------------------------------------------

Index of neonatal mortality from specified causes by birth weight for infants 

2, 500 grams or less: United States, Jan.-Mar. lg50------------------------------------

Percent differenc e between mortality rates among white and nonwhite infants of 

same birth weight at specified ages: United States, Jan.-Mar. 1950---------------------

Percent excess of male over female mortaliiy rates at specified ages bybirth 

weighk United States, Jan.-Ma. 1950 

Percent excess of male over female neonatal mort,ality rates by cause ofdeath 

and birth weight: United States, JSIL-MZW. 1950 ----------------------------------------

223 
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224 

Table 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

General Tables 

Live births by birth weight, race, sex, snd plurality of birtlx United States, 

Jsnuarylto March 31, 1950 

Deaths under 28days, by birth weight, age, race, and sex United States, 

January lto March31, l95O---------------------4--------------------------------------

Mortali~r atesatspec~iedages under 28days, by birth weight, race, and sex 

United Statesj Jsnuarylto March 31, 1950 ---------------------------------------------

Deaths under 28 days among hospital births by birth weight, age, and race: 

United States, January lto March 31, 1950 ---------------------------------------------

Mortality rates at specified ages under 28 days among hospital births, by birth weight 

and race: United States, January 1 to March 31, 1950 -----------------------------------

Deaths under 28 days by birth weight, age, race, and plurality of birth United States, 

January 1 to March 31, 1950 ------------------------------------------------------------

Mortality rates at specified ages under 28 days, by birth weight, race, and 

plurality of birtlx United States, January 1 to March 31, 1950 

Deaths under 28 days from selected causes, by birth weight, race, and sex 

United States, January 1 to March 31, 1950 ‘--------------------------------------------

Neonatal mortality rates for selected causes, by birth weight, race, and sex 

United States, January 1 to March 31, 1950----------------------------------------------

Deaths under 28 days from selected causes, by birth weight, race, and plurality 

of birtlx United States, Jsnuarylto March 31, 1950 ------------------------------------

Neonatal mortality rates for selected causes, by birth weight,, race, and plurality 

of birth United States, January lto March 31, 1950 ------------------------------------

Deaths under 28 days from selected causes by birth weight, age, and race: 

United States, Jsnuarylto March 31, 1950 ---------------------------------------------

Percentage distribution of deaths under 28daysat specified ages, by selected 

causes, by birth weighti United States, January lto March 31, 1950 --------------------

Percentage distribution of deaths under 28 days for selected causes, by age, by 

birth weight: United States, January lto March 31, 1950 

Deaths under 28 days, by birth weight (unadjusted), age, race, and sex United 

States, January lto March 31, 1950 ----------------------------------------------------

Deaths under 28daysfrom selected causes, by birth weight (unadjusted), race, 

and sex United States, January lto March 31, 1950 ------------------------------------

Deaths under 28daysfrom selected causes, by birth weight (unadjusted), age, 

and race: United States, January lto March 31, 1950 -----------------------------------

Symbols Used in Special Reports 

Pare. 

249 

250 

252 

254 

255 

256 

257 

258 

261 

264 

266 

268 

273 

275 

277 

279 

288 

applicable (3dots)-------------------------------------------------------- . . . 

Data notavailable (3 dashes) 

@mttiyis zero, in frequency tables (ldash) - 

Qusntity iszero, inrateor percent tables (l cipher) O 

Ifrate or percent ismorethan O, butless than O,05 0.0 

Ebothfrequency mdpopulation base mezeroin rate orpercent tables (l dash) ------------ - 

Class oritemnot 
Relation of Weight at Birth to Cause of Death and 

Age at Death in the Neonatal Period~ 

United States, Early 1950 

By “Sam Shapiro and ‘Jeanne Unger 

INTRODUcTION 

This is the second in a series of reports in 

which weight at birth is introduced as a major 

characteristic in the study of national data on mor -

tality during early infancy. The first report presented birth weight distributions and considered the 

relation of weight at birth to mortality in the neonatal period (first 4 weeks after birth) for a variety 

of characteristics, including race, sex, and plurality 

of birth. 1 In. the current report, the relationship 

between birth weight and age and cause of death 

among the newborn is examined. 

During the period that has elapsed since the 

events that are analyzed here took place (early 1950), 

there has been no fundamental change in the relative 

importance of neonatal mortality. Over two-thirds 

of the deaths in the first year occur in the nleonatal 

period, and mortality in these 4 weeks is higher than 

in any single year of age after the first and up through 

age 60. The progress made in the past several yesrs 

in reducing neonatal 10SS has fallen far short of the 

remarkable success in saving lives after early infancy. 

The problem of mortality among the newborn 

is concentrated principally among immature births. 

Neonatal deaths among these infants account for 

over two-thirds of the total. The repetitive series 

of vital statistics based on entries on the death certificates have pointed to the magnitude of this problem and have focused attention on the need f or special programs to deal with it. However, it has long 

been recognized that information on additional factors is essentizl for an adequate evaluation of the 

problem of immaturity. One of these factors is 

birth weight. 

With the addition of the item’ ‘birth weight” to 

practically all State certificates of birth in 1949, the 

development of data on this characteristic on a national basis became possibIe for the first time. The 

opportunity to obtain information on mortality in the 

neonatal period in relation to weight at birth for this 

lNational office of vital statistics, ‘‘Weight 

at Birth and Its Effect on Survival of the Newborn 

in the United States, Early 1950,’ ‘ Vital Statis - 

tiCS— SpeCial Reports, VO1. 39, No. 1, 1954. 

series of reports was ,afforded by the matching of 

neonatal dea~ records ~fi corresponding birth 

records for babies born in the United Sates between 

January 1 and March 31, 1950, incidental to a test 

of birth registration completeness.z 

Registration completeness 

The test of birth registration completeness 

covering the period of this study indicated that 98.6 

percent of the white births and 93.5 percent of the 

nonwhite were registered. 

No definitive information is available on the 

completeness of death registration. While this factor is thought to vary generally as birth registration 

completeness, it is believed that there is a slight 

bias in the direction of underreporting of small infants who die immediately after birth or in reporting 

some of them as fetal deaths. This would result in 

some understatement of mortality rates at the very 

low weights and at the younger ages. 

Classification 

1. Birth weight is:generally reported in terms of 

pounds snd ounces on the birth certificate. The 

traditional gram groupings, however, have been 

used to tabulate and present the data in order to 

facilitate comparison with other studies of this 

type. The equivalents of these groupings in terms 

of pounds and ounces are as follows: 

1,000 grams or less = 2 lb. 3 oz. or less 

1,001-1,500 grams = 2 lb. ~ OZ.-3 lb. 4 OZ. 

1,501-2,000 grams = 3 lb. 5 oz.-4 ~. 6 OZ. 

,2,001-2,500 glYUIM = 4 lb. 7 oz.-5 lb. 8 OZ. 

2,501-3,000 grams = 5 lb. 9 oz.-6 lb. 9 OZ. 

3,001-3,500 grams = 6 lb. 10 oz.-7 lb. 11 OZ. 

3,501-4,000 grams = ? lb. 12 oz.-8 lb. 13 OZ. 

4,001-4,500 grams = 8 lb. 14 oz.-9 lb. 14 OZ. 

4,501 grams or more = 9 lb. 15 oz~ or more. 

2Bi~th and death certificates relating to chil -

dren born to residents of Massachusetts were ex -

eluded frnm all tabulations since this State did 

not require the reporting of birth weight. For 

details nn tbe procedures in the matching, see the 

report cited in footnote 1. 

225 
226 IVITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

For purposes of classification, the terms ‘‘immature, “ ‘premature, ” and ‘prematurely bornn 

are used in this report to refer to infants weighing 2,500 grams or less at birth. This definition 

was recommended by the American Academy of 

Pediatrics in 1935, and later adopted in the Sixth 

Revision of the International Lists of Diseases 

and Causes of Death (1948). The term “premature, ” although containing the concept of 

duration of pregnancy, has been used for many 

years in connection with the birth weight criterion. The Sixth Revision of the International 

Lists defines “premature” as relating to children of gestations of less than 37 weeks and indicates that for reporting and classification purposes, this criterion may be considered as equivalent to an immature infant as defined above. It 

is recognized in using these terms, that there 

may be basic clifferences in physical development 

for some of the subgroupings of births discussed, 

which would affect the general applicability of 

the criteria for classifying births as immature 

or premature. 

2. The statistics by cause shown in this report were 

compiled according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and 

Causes of Death, 1948 (Sixth Revision of the International Lists of Diseases and Causes of 

Death). The categories of this list which are included in each of the cause groups used are indicated in the tables. In general, when more than 

one cause of death is reported, the cause designated by the certifying physician as the underlying cause of death is the cause tabulated. 3 

Seasonality 

In 1950, seasonal differences were found both in 

the incidence of immature birth and in neonatal mortality. The proportion of immature children in the 

first 3 months of 1950 (7.4 percent) was slightly 

smaller than in the year as a whole (7.6 percent). 

Neonatal mortality was also lower among children 

born in Januar y through March 1950— 19.9 per 1,000 

live births for the United States and 20.0 for the 

United States excluding Massachusetts—as compared with 20.5 in 1950 for the United States. 

With regard to data by age at death and cause, 

the distributions shown in table A indicate that for 

the first quarter as compared with the year as a 

whole, there were: Smaller proportions of the neonatal deaths in the first day of life; smaller proportions attributed to Immaturity unqualified; and 

higher proportions due to Congenital malformations, 

3For a more detailed discussion, see National 

Office of Vital Statistics, ‘ ‘Vital Statistics Instruction Manual, Part II, Cause-of-Death Coding, 

1951. ” 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth, and All other 

causes. In addition, among the nonwhite group there 

was a considerably larger proportion of the deaths 

relating to births in the first quarter due to Pneumonia of the newborn and a smaller proportion due 

to Diarrhea of the newborn. 

Even though these differences are statistically 

significant, they are small and the relationships 

described in this report may be taken as generally 

applicable for the entire year. On a weight- specific 

basis, in fact, it is likely that seasonality in mortality is of less importance than for the ~up as a 

whole since the differences in mortality de8cribed 

above may be partly explained by the lower incidence of immaturity among children born in January- March 1950. 

Interpretation of cause of death data 

Cause of death information on death certificates 

generally reflects the results of clinical diagnoses. 

In the case of the newborn infant, the only condition 

apparent to the certifying physician is frequently 

immaturity in development or a failure in the respirator y system. These observations lead to entries classified as Immaturity unqualified and Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis. 

An obvious shortcoming of such entries is that 

they do not indicate the specific morbid condition 

that led to the death. Also, there is some question 

concerning the consistency among physicians in 

recording these terms and the extent to which their 

use results in an understatement of more definite 

conditions responsible for loss in early infancy. 

Autopsy findings in a Chicago studyg throw 

considerable light on this situation. It was found 

that “most of the infants designated (by the pathologist) as dying of prematurity showed widespread 

atelectasis and many of those designated as dying 

of atelectasis were premature. It was largely a 

matter of terminology that was responsible for differentiating atelectasis, prematurity, and unknown. n 

These three categd’ies were then grouped together 

under the”heading ‘iA@ormal pulmonary ventilationfl 

with the statement that they “showed no specific 

pathological lesions outside the lungs-and (death) 

could be accounted for only on the basis of inadequate 

functioning of the lungs. ” 

In this report, data are shown separately for 

q~~nde~~n,Herman N. , et al. , ‘ ‘progress ‘n ‘he 

Prevention of Nee$iless Neonatal Death s,’ ‘ Annual 

Report of the Chicago Health Department, 1951. 

Since the preparation of this transcript, the report, ‘ ‘Perinatal Mortality in New York City, ‘ ‘ New 

York Academy of Medicine, Harvard University Press, 

1955, in which comparisons are made of the cause of 

death information reported on death certificates, 

clinical causes as recorded on hospital charts, and 

autopsy findings, has been published. 
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vol. 39, No. 6 FtEhiTIoN OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE Ahn3 AGE 227 

TABLE A. PERCENTAGEDISTRIBUTIONSOF DEATES UNDER 28 DAYS, BY AGE AX’DSELECTED CAUSES, BY RACE: 

UNITED STATRS, JANU~Y 1 TO MKRCH 31, 1950, AND CKENOAR TEAR 1950 

(Data for Jan.-Mar. 1950 are based on deaths among children born Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950, excluding data 

for Massachusetts. Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the Sixth Revision of the Internationalists, 1948) 

ALL RACES Wmlm NONW51TE 

AGE ANO CAUSE OF DEATR Jan.- Jan.- Jan.- 

1950 Mar. 1950 Mar. 1950 Mar. 

1950 1950 1950 

AGE 

All ages-----------------------------------,100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Under 1 day-------------------------------------------- 49.5 48.4 50.0 49.2 47.2 44.8 

1 &y---------------------------------------------------15.2 14.8 15.6 15.1 13.5 13.4 

2 days 10.0 9.9 10.3 10.3 8.3 8.5 

3-6 &yS----------------------------------------------- 12.4 12.9 12.1 12.5 13.6 14.7 

7-13 &ys---------------------------------------------- 6.6 6.8 6.1 6.3 8.8 8.9 

14-20 dSJW 3.6 4.0 3.3 3.7 5.0 5.7 

21-27 dSyS 2.7 3.2 2.5 3.0 3.6 4.0 

CAUSE OF DEATH 

All causes 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Congenitalmalformations---------------~--------75O-759 12.3 12.7 13.8 14.3 6.0 6:1 

Certain diseases of early infancy---------------76O-776 80.7 79.5 80.8 79.8 80.5 78.4 

761 16.1 16.2 17.0 17.2 12.2 12.0 

Intracranialand spinal &jury at birth-------.--76O 6.7 7.1 6.8 7.2 6.1 6.6 

Other birth injury------------------------------76l 9.4 9.1 10.2 10.0 6.0 5.3 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis----------------762 17.7 17.8 18.4 18.5 34.8 14.9 

hemnonia of newborn------------------------------763 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.7 5.3 6.4 

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------764 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.2 

Other infectionsof newborn------~------------765-768 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.7 

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia--769 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.4 

Hemolfiic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)---77O 3.4 3.2 3.9 3.7 1.1 1.1 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------77l 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.6 

Ill-defineddiseases peculiar to early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment----------772, 

Birth injuries--------------------------------76O, 

773 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.5 5.7 6.2 

Iiamaturity with mention of any other subsidiary 

condition----------------------------------------774 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 

Izmuaturity unqualified----------------------------776 30.4 28.7 29.3 27.9 35.1 32.1 

All other causes-------------------------------Residual 6.9 7.8 5.4 6.0 13.5 15.5 

Immaturity unqualifi ed,and Postnatal asphyxia and 

atelectasis since no supplementary inforrnationis 

available. But the possibility of an overlapping of 

these groups shotidbe bornein mind when interpreting the relationships discussed. 

Post-mortem examinations indicated further 

that some deaths ascribed toatelectasis by theattending physician were actually caused by pneumonia. This may account in part for the appreciably higher proportionof deaths attributed topneumonia in the Chicago study (10.8 percent) than in 

this report (4.2 percent). Comparison of age at 

death statistics from both sources suggests thata 

major segmentof this difference ari&s from an 

understatementof pneumonia as a cause of death 

among infants whodie very soon after birth.5 For 

example, about afourth of the pneumonia deathsin 

5The ~hicag~ study indicates that maIIYOf these 

pnsumo~ia deaths stem from infections incurred before the birth’of the child. in distinction to the 

extra-uterine environmental factors that caused 

pneumooia deaths later in the neonatal period. 
228 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

the former study occurred ‘in the first day, as compared Wjh only 1 in 20 in the current re~ort. 

Tfie other condition most often missed Without 

autopsy was “intracranial hemorrhage. ” It was 

determined that “congenital debility” (classified 

under Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, 

International List number 773) often applied to a 

death caused by’ ‘intracranial hemorrhage. ” However, the effect of this situation does not appear to 

be great for Birth injuries as a whole. 

A fundamental problem associated with cause 

of death data for neonatal deaths is that the cause 

may arise from a condition in the mother rather 

than in the infant. However, because the relationship of some maternal conditions to neonatal mor -

tality is not too well known, and because information 

on complications of pregnancy and labor resulting 

in the abnormal development of the fetus and in the 

early termination of the pregnancy may not be available to the physician completing the certificate, 

these conditions are frequently not reflected in the 

medical certification of the cause of death. In addition, in some cases where they are reported, they 

would not appear in the statistics as distinct entities 

because of the limitations of the classification.6 

The imprecision of some of the clinical diagnoses, as indicated by the autopsy findings, and the 

lack of data on maternal conditions impose important 

limitations on the utility of the cause of death statistics derived from the vital record. However, 

many of the relationships considered are only partially affected by this situation. The data presented 

extend the area of knowledge presently available 

from repetitive statistical series derived from clinical observations. For years to come, these observations will remain the principal source of cause of 

death information and will be the basis for measuring changes in the causal factors in infant loss. Even 

such indefinite entries as “prematurity” on the 

death record have served a positive function. They 

have focused attention on the critical part played by 

premature birth in infant mortality and have aided 

in the development of many programs designed to 

cope with the problem. 

Distribution of “not stated” birth weights 

Birth weight reporting was less complete for 

infants born at the early gestation ages than for 

those born at more advanced stages of the pregnancy 

cycle. Accordingly, a method for distributing the 

not stateds, which took account of gestation age, was

:----- used to derive’ the “basic data by race, sex, and plu6For discussion, see ‘‘Recommendations for the 

Improvement of Fetal Death Statist ics,’ ‘ U. S. 

National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, 

Public Health Reports, VO1. 70, No. 11, pp. 1049- 

1056, 1955. 

rality without regard to age and cause. This method 

is described in detail in vol. 39, No. 1, p. 6. Briefly, 

the not stated birth weights in each gestation group 

were distributed according to the distribution of the 

known weights in that &roup. The procedure was 

applied separately to the neonatal death distributions 

and to distributions relating to children who survived. The basic adjusted weight totals obtained in 

this way are hereafter identified as “standard” 

totals. 

Although it would have been desirable to use 

the same procedure for distribution of the not stated 

weights throughout, considerations related to the 

small frequencies militated against this. The simplified procedures followed in deriving the adjusted 

weight data on neonatal’ deaths by age at death and 

cause, which are based on other significant relationships, are believed to yield consistent and reliable 

statistics. In the cause tables the adjusted data, 

however, may differ slightly from the standard or 

reported totals since the adjustment procedure did 

not include a’ balancing to these fi~res. Both derived and standard or reported totals are shown 

for purposes of comparison. The differences are 

generally small and will not affect the comparability 

or interpretation of the data. 

Despite the fact that reasonable bases were 

used for distributing the not stateds, the reader is 

cautioned not to draw conclusions from relatively 

small differences because the n,ot stated group was 

fairly large (see table 17). An exception to this 

would be a series of small differences which were 

all in the same direction.. 

Detailed descriptions of the procedures used 

in distributing the not stated weights in the tables 

bv afze at death and cause follow: u 

1. ~o obt& data by age (tables 2, 4, and 6), the 

deaths at each age for which birth weights were 

not stated were first distributed proportionately 

according to the stated weights. These figures 

were then adjusted proportionately to the standard weight totals. Finally, minor adjustments 

were made in the data so that the figures would 

add to the reported age totals without changing 

the weight totals. 

2. To obtain data by cause for tables 8 and 10, the 

not stated weight groups for the most detailed 

components in each were distributed proportionately by cause at each weight according to 

the distribution of deaths for which birth weights 

were stated. Under tl$s procedure the derived 

weight totals agree with the standards, but the 

cause totals differ from the reported totals. 

Additional balancing adjustments were made only 

in the few instances where the new totals for 

cause categories for the white group differed 

appreciably from those reported. 

3. In obtaining the adjusted numbers of deaths appearing in tables B and 12, the not stateds for 

each cause group shown were distributed pro-
Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT 

portionately according to the stated weights for 

that cause group. In table B, although no further 

adjustments were made, the adjusted data add to 

the standard totals by weight. However, for 

table 12, the sums of the adjusted figures differ 

slightly from the standard totals by weight and 

age. 

Chance variation 

Chance variation, in addition to the biases in 

reporting already discussed, must be considered in 

evaluating the data shown. This variations related 

to the size of the birth population on which the figures are based and on the frequency of the occurrence measured. The smaller the population, or 

the smaller the frequency of the event in a given 

population group, the greater the relative variability? Mortality rates were not computed in ac. 

companying tables for certain small frequency 

groups, i. e., where the birth population was Iess 

than 100 and there were fewer than 20 deaths. Percentages were also not computed where the base 

was less than 100. 

Birth weight and certification of 

immaturity on cause of death 

In the Sixth Revision of the International Lists 

each of the cause groups in the general category, 

Certain diseases of early infancy, has two sub. 

categories to indicate whether immaturity was or 

?l’h~ standard error i.S the ❑ easure used to 

evaluate this variability. Chances are less than 

1 in 20 that a difference as large as 2 standard 

errors would arise by chance . Generally, the 

standard error of a rate per 1,000 births is 

R(i, ooo-h’), 

i B 

where R is the rate and ~ is the number of births 

used to compute the rate. The standard error of 

the difference between 2 rates, RI and R2, is 

Ri(I, OOO-Ri) ~. B-2(I, 000-R2) . 

i Bi B2 

If 2 rates differ by less than twice this standard 

error, it is usually concluded that they are not 

significantly different (statistically). When a 

rate is small and the number of deaths .is very 

small, the standard error of the rate is ~, where R 

+Dis the rate and i) is the number of deaths. The 

standard error of the difference between 2 such 

rates, ,R1 and R2, is 

T ;+: 2 

777-457 0 -65-2 

BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 229 

was not reported. The criterion for immaturity 

specifiedin the International Lists isabirth weight 

of2,500 grams or less (or Iackingthis,a gestation 

of less than37 weeks). However, weight andgestation-age information arenotav+able in classifyingcauseof death entrieson the death certificate 

andthecause iscoded’’with mentionofimmaturity” 

only if the physiciari’s statement oncertification of 

cause of deathis to this effect.8 

Statistics on cause of death are regularly tabulated for the detailed subcategories in order to 

provide some basis for assessing the association 

of immaturity with specific causes. This study, in 

which ithas been possibleto cross-classify neonatal deaths bybirth weight and cause,presents an 

opportunitytoevaluate theeffectivenessofthe cause 

data in this respect. 

The data on neonata.l deaths from Certain diseasesof early infancy according to whether immaturitywasrecorded provide anestimate of the proportionate mortality relatingto immature infants 

who died from ’these diseases. Deaths from other 

causes (for example, Congenital malformations) 

are notclassified according to whether immaturity 

was reported. Thus, cause-of-death data do not 

measure the proportion of all neonatal deaths that 

involve immature children. 

The cause of death information reported must 

be consideredonly asan estimateof the proportion 

of immatures even for specific causes because of 

inconsistencies and incompleteness in reporting. 

For example,some physicians are notawareofthe 

need for reporting “immaturity.” Furthermore, 

the criterion for immaturity of 2,500 grams or less, 

despite its wide usage, may not be uniformly applied. 

Deaths due to Certain diseases of earIy infancy 

wi~ immaturity mentioned represented 55 percent 

of all neonatal deaths in January-March 1950. On 

the basis of birth weight data, 64 percent of all neonatal deaths in this period related to infants weighing 

2,500 grams or less. A large psrt.of the difference 

in these two percentages, as mentioned earlier, can 

be explained by the failure of the cause data to take 

account of any deaths among immatures due to 

causes other than Certain diseases of early infancy. 

If the group of deaths due to Certain diseases of 

early infancy is considered separately, the percentages are much closer, being 69 percent according to the cause of death certification and 72 percent according to the birth weight data. 

The data by weight and causein table B indicate 

the effect of differences in classification. For example, in the group of deaths among total births 

coded ~o subca~ego;ies without ment;on of immaturity, 21 percent represented children weighing 

2,500 grams or “less at birth. Similarly, in the 

*For ~xcrjption in the Oase of plural births, see 

P. 231. 
-----------------------------

-----------

230 VITAL STATISTICS4PECML REPORTS 

TABLE B. DEATSS UNDER 28 DAYS FB@! CERTAIN DISEASES OF EARLY INFANCY, ACCO~ING TO WEETSEB IMMATURITY MENTIONED, BY 

BIRJ!SWEIGHT, RACE, AND PLURALITY OF BIRTH: UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Includee deaths among children born Jan. 1 b Mar. 31, 1950. Birth weighte not stated are distributed. Excludes data 

for Messachuaetts. “Certain diseases of early infanty“ include three-digit categories 760-776 of the Sixth Revi6ion 

of the International Liets, 1S48. For detailed list, see table 16. Two dOtB (..) indicate uercent not comuuted . 

where base is less than 100) 

AIL RACES WHmE NONWHITE 

CAUSE OF lXATR 2,500 2,501 2,50Q 2,501 2,500 2,501 

Total grems grams Total =a~ =am Total grams grelus or or or or or or 

less more less more less more 

DEATHS AMONG TOTAL BPERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY BIRTH WEIGRT 

All caueea------------------------ 16,741 10,706 6,035 13,521 8,779 4,742 3,220 ~1,927 1,293 

Certain d’laeasesof early infancy------------- 13,308 9,611 3,697 10,785 7,887 2,896 2,525 1,724 801 

Without mention of immaturity--------------- 4,096 869 3,227 3,231 683 2,548 865 186 679 

With immaturity 9,212 8,742 470 7,552 7,204 348 1,660 1,538 122 

All other causes------------------------------ 3,433 1,095 2,336 2,738 892 1,S46 695 203 492 IF All other causes------------------------------ 120.5 10.2 38.7 20.2 10.2 38.9 21.6 10.5 38.1 

All causes------------------------ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Certain diseases of early infancy------------- 79.5 89.8 61.3 79.8 89.8 61.1 70.4 89.5 61.9 

Without mention of immaturity----” 24.5 8.1 53.5 23.9 7.8 53.7 26.9 9.7 52.5 

With immaturity----------------------------- 55.0 81.7 7.8 55.9 S2.1 7.3 51.6 79.8 9.4 

All causes------------------------ 100.c 64.0 f 36.0 100.0 64.9 35.1 100.0 59.s 40.2 

. — 

Certain diseases of early infancy------------- 100.0 72.2 27.8 100.0 73.1 26.9 100.0 68.3 31.7 

Without mention of immaturity--------------- 100.0 21.2 78.S 100.0 21.1 78.9 100.0 21.5 78.5 

With immaturity----------------------------- 100.O 94.9 5.1 100.0 95.4 4.6 100.0 92.7 7.3 

All other causes------------------------------ 100.0 31.9 68.1 100.0 32.6 67.4 100.0 29.2 70.8 

PZIICENTDISTRIBUTION BY CAUSE 

II 

lr

1 

DEATHS AMONG SINGLE 31RTBS 

+& All causes------------------------ LS,049 9,109 5,s40 12,183 7,501 4,682 2,866 1,608 1,258 

Certain diseases of early infancy------------- U, 746 8,111 3,635 9,536 6,681 2,855 2,210 1,430 780 

Without mention of immaturity--------------- 3,989 793 3,196 3,151 625 2,526 838 168 670 

With immaturity----------------------------- 7,757 7,318 439 6,3S3 6,056 329 1,372 1,262 110 

All other causes------------------------------ 3,303 998 2,305 2,647 820 1,827 656 178 478 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY BIRTR WEIGHT 

All causee------------------------ 100.0 60.5 39.5 100.0 61.6 38.4 100.0 56.1 43.9 

Certain diseasea of early infancy------------- 100.0 69.1 30.9 100.0 70.1 29.9 100.0 64.7 35.3 

Without mention of immaturity--------------- 100.0 19.9 Sol 100.0 19.8 80.2 100.0 20.0 80.0 

With immaturity----------------------------- 100.0 94.3 5.7 100.0 94.8 5.2 100.0 92.0 8.0 

All other causea------------------------------ 100.0 30.2 69.S 100.0 31.0 69.0 100.0 27.1 72.9 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY CAUSE 

All causes------------------------ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Certain diseases of early infancy------------- 78.1 89.0 61.2 78.3 89.1 61.0 77.1 88.9 62.0 

Without mention of immaturity--------------- 26.5 S.7 53.8 25.9 8.3 54.0 29.2 10.4 53.3 

With immaturity----------------------------- 51.5 80.3 7.4 52.4 so.? 7.0 47.9 78.5 8.7 

All other causea------------------------------ 21.9 11.0 38.8 21.7 10.9 39.0 22.9 11.1 3s.0 
------------------------

-------------

---------------

-----------------------------

------------------------------

------------------------

-------------

--------------- -----------------------------

------------------------------

------------------------

-------------

--------------- -----------------------------

------------------------------

Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 231 

TABIJE B. DEATHSUNDER28 DAYST.R3MCERTAIN DISEASES OF EARLY iTiFANCY,ACCORDING TO WEE- IMMATURITY MENTIONED, BY 

BIBTS WEIGHT, RICE, AND PLURAIJTY OF BIRI!H:UNITED STND2S, JANUARY 1 TO MAE(X 31, 1950—Continued 

(Seeheadnoteon p. 230) 

II 

NONWSITE 

CAUSE OF DEATS ‘“’a’= m

DEATSS AMONG 

k BUUHS IN PLURAL SETS 

m

All causes 1,692 1,597 95 l,33a 1,278 60 354 319 35 

Certaindiseasesof earlyinfancy 1,562 1,500 62 1,247 1,206 41 315 224 21 

Withoutmentionof immetwity 107 76 31 80 58 22 27 18 9 

With immaturity 1,455 1,424 31 1,167 1,148 19 2ss 276 12 

All othercauses 130 97 33 91 72 19 39 25 14 

PERCENTDISTRIBUTION BY BETH WEIGHT 

All causes ioo.o 94.4 5.6 100.0 95.5 4.5 100.0 90.1 9.9 

Certaindiseaaesof earlyinfancy 100.0 96.0 4.0 100.0 96.7 3.3 100.0 93.3 6.7 

Withoutmentionof immaturity 100.0 71.0 29.0 .. .. With immaturity 100.0 97.9 2.1 100 :; 98.4 1:: 100:6 95:; 4.2 

All othercauses 100.0 74.6 25.4 . . .. .. . . .. .. 

PESCEN!I DISTRIBUTION BY CAUSE

All causea 100.0 100.0 .. 100.0 100.0 . . 100.0 100.0 . . 

Certaindiseasesof earlyinfancy 92.3 93.9 .. 93.2 94.4 . . 89.0 92.2 . . Withoutmenticmof immaturity 6.3 4.s .. 6.0 4.5 . . 7.6 5.6 . . With immsturLty 86.0 89.2 .. 87.2 89.8 . . 81.4 86.5 

All othercauses 7.7 

group with immaturity, 5 percent comprised infants 

weighing 2,501 grams or more. 

Eighty percent of the deaths relating to single 

births of 2,500 grams or less are identified as immature in cause of death statistics. Eleven percent 

are coded to causes other than Certain diseases of 

early ihfancy, while f or the remaining 9 percent, the 

notation of immaturity was omitted in certifying 

the death to Certain diseases of early infancy. 

For deaths among plural births, a smaller percentage of infants of weights of 2,500 grams or less 

fall into the subcategories without immaturity than 

of those in the single group. This is due in part to 

inclusion in the group “with immaturity” (in accordance with the International Lists) of aU cases 

in which the cause of death certification contained 

6.1 .. 6.8 5.6 . . 13..o. 7.8 

an entry such as “plural birth” or “twin.” Also 

as a re.<, a large ~roportion of the deaths among 

“plural births of more than 2,500 grams, were assigned to the group “with immaturity.” 

On the basis of the data in tabIe 16 f or neonatal 

deaths with birth weight reported, it was found that 

for most causes 10 percent or less of the deaths assigned to the subcategories “with immaturity” refer to children weighing over 2,500 grams at birth. 

As would be expected, however, larger percentages 

of the groups “without immaturity” related to infants who would be classified as immature according 

to the weight criterion. These percentages ranged 

from 12 to 30. The net effect is a considerable 

understatement of the proportion “with immaturity” 

for particular causes of the group. 
-------------

--------------

232 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

GENERAL MORTALITY 

Mortality ’in the neonatal period took a heavy toll 

among immature children born in January through 

March 1950. About 174 in every 1,000 infants weighing 2,500 grams or less (the immature babies) died 

before the completion of 28 days of life (table 3). 

In contrast, mature infants of 3,,001-4,500 grams, a 

group frequently used for comparison in this report, 

had a neonatal mortality rate of 6.4 per 1,000. The 

rate for all infants above the immature level (2, 501 

grams or more) was ‘somewhat higher (7.8). 

Within the immature group, mortality varied 

greatly with weight. Close to seven-eighths of the 

children weighing 1,000 grams or less and a little 

over half of the infants 1,001-1,500 grams at birth 

died in early infancy. For the largest of the immatures, those weighing 2,001-2,500 grams, mortality in the neonatal period (50 per 1,000) was only 

a quarter of the loss experienced among those weighing on the average only about 500 grams less (211 

per 1,000). 

The risk of neonatal death continued to drop 

sharply well into the mature weights and reached a 

minimum of 5.6 per 1,000 at weights of 3,501-4,000 

grams. Additional weight, particularly when it 

brought the weight above 4,500 grams, increased 

the risk of mortality appreciably. 

Age at death 

Inthe Jsnuary through March 1950 study group, 

close to half of the deaths during the first 28 days 

of Iif e occurred before the end of the first day. The 

proportion dying this soon after birth varied considerably with the weight of the baby, being highest 

for the very small infants who were the least able 

to cope with extrauterine life (table C). First day 

mortality among babies weighing 1,000 grams or 

less at birth represented about three-fourths of all 

neonatal deaths in the group as compared with 

slightly over one-half among babies weighing 1,001-

1,500 grams. The proportion diminished somewhat 

at subsequent weight intervals, but remained fairIy 

stable for the groups above 2,500 grams where the 

first day deaths comprised about one-third of the 

total. 

Mortality fell off sharply for all weight groups 

after the first day. By the end of the first week, 

about three-f ourths of the neonatal deaths among infants born weighing over 2,500 grams had already 

taken place. At the lower weights, the proportions 

dying in the first week were 10to 20 percent higher. 

The risk of mortality in specified age intervals 

among infants who survived to the beginning of these 

intervals is given by the rates shown in table 3 for 

each weight group, Figure 1 indicates how rapidly 

the risk declined during the first week. For the 

group weighing 2,500 grams or less, it had dropped 

from 97.9 per 1,000 on the first day to 3.1 by the 

seventh day. However, even with the extended hospital care that many of the immatures receive, the 

period after the first week was still a relatively 

h~ardous one for these infants as compsred with 

the critical first week for the mature infants. In 

fact, the risk of mortality among the immatures at 

ages 7-27 days (18.3 per 1,000) was almost 3 times 

the rate among children 3,001-4,500 grams in the 

entire neonatal period (6.4 per 1,000). 

At each age throughout the neonatal period the 

risk of dying was closely related to the infant’s 

weight. Additional weight at birth (until reaching 

the higher weights) was an advantage not only shortly after birth, but also 3 and 4 weeks later. The 

comparison in table D of the rates for the weight 

groups experiencing less favorable mortality in the 

TABLE C. PERCENTAGEDISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS, BY AGE, BY BIRTH WEIGET: UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Based on frequencies shown in table 2) 

AIL AGES--------- 100.0 

L 

Under 1 week----------- 86.0 

Under 1 day---------- 48.4 

1-6 dEJW 37.6 

7-27 d?ly.?l 14.0 

BJRTH WEIGRT (~ u) 

4 501 1;? 1,oo1- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501- 3,001- 3,501- 4,001- ;r 

less 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 .3>500 4,000 4,500 more 

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 loo.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 

98.2 90.5 88.2 83.8 77.2 74.8 78.4 79.1 77.4 

75.2 55.3 47.0 37.8 33.2 34.0 34.8 36.4 34.7 

23.0 35.2 41.2 46.0 44.0 40.8 43.7 42.7 42.7 

1.8 9.5 11.8 16.2 22.8 25.2 21.6 20.9 22.6 
● 

Vol. 39, No. 6 i3ELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 233 

Fiaure I 

Risk of Mortality by Birth Weight at Specified Ages: United States, Jan.-Mar. 1950 

(Rates per 1,000 children in each specified group alive at the beginning of each age interval) 

400.0 400.0 

By week for 

By day during first week 2d through 4th week 

200.0 

80.0 

60.0 

40.0 

f 

1,501-2,000 GRAMS 

20.0 

10.0 

8.0 

6.0 

“** 

—W*. 4.0 %,”.., 4 ~ol GRAMS 

\“.’ OR MORE 

)\*”%%/ 

\ ●% 2.0 —“ — ~ “.. 

\ ‘\\ 

200.0 

I00.0 

80.0 

●. \ 

1.0 \ . 

\ 

.6 

.4 

. 

c1 \\ 

.2 \ .2 .2 

.1 I I I I 1 I I I I I .1 

UNDER I 2 3 4 5 6 7-13 14-20 21-27 

1 

OAYS OAYS 
----------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

----------------------------------------

234 VITAL STATISTICS—SPECIAL REPORTS 

TABLE D. INDEX OF RELATIVE MORTALITY AT SPECITIED AGES UNDER 28 DAYS, BY BIRTH WEIGID!:UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Based on rates shownb table 3. Rates for optimum weight group, 3,001-4,500grams, are equalto 1.0, and 

other rates are expressed as ratios to these rates) 

BIRTH WEIGHT (IN GRAMS) 

AGE 

1,001- 1,501-

1,500 2,000 

ALL AGES------------------------------ 

Under 1 hour-------------------------------------- 

1-23 hOWS 

1 day--------------------------------------------- 

2 days 

3-6 &yS------------------------------------------ 

7-13 days 

14-20 dSyS 

21-27 &yS---------------------------------------- 

neonatal period with the rates for those weighing 

3,001-4,500 grams at birth show that relative to 

this groulx 

86.1 33.0 7.91 2.0 

70.8 24.2 6.2 1.7 

171.1 53.7 9.6 2.0 

142.1 48.2 9.8 2.0 

103.0 41.1 9.6 2.1 

99.2 25.0 7.5 2.0 

96.4 25.4 5.7 1.7 

48.0 15.0 5.4 1.8 

41.0 14.0 I4.8 2.0 

1.01 2.2 

l.o 3.2 

l.o 1.9 

1.0 2.9 

1.0 1.9 

1.0 2.0 

1.0 2.7 

1.0 1.6 

1.0 1.5 

1. 

2. 

3. 

E;en~hosechildren weighing2,501-3,000 grams 

at birthexperi encedhigher mortality in thethird 

and fourth weeks aswell as earlier in the neonatal period, 

Childrenof weights below 2,501 grams were at 

theirgreatestdisadvantage inthe first few days, 

following the first hour of life. For example, at 

1-23 hours, the riskof mortality for children 

weighing 1,001-1,500 grams was 171 times that 

for children weighing 3,001-4,500 grams. The 

corresponding mortality. ratiosin the first hour 

andforthe Iastweekof the neonatal periodwere 

71to land 41tol, respectively. Similar but 

less marked differences are evident incomparing the higher weight immature babies with the 

normal weight babies. 

The Dro&mosis forchildren 4.501 Eramsormore 

at bi;th;aslessfavorable a~each-age. Thefirst 

hour, particularly, was more critical for these 

heavier babies. This suggests obstetricid diffaculties in delivery as an especially important 

factor in theover -all excessof mortality atthis 

weight. Continuation of the excess, evenin the 

third and fourth weeksof the neomta.1 period, 

although ona smaller scale, pointsto thepossibilitythatthese difficulties have their counterpart in pediatric problems posed bythe group. 

Acloser lookat theexperiencewithin thebroad 

interval 3,001-4,500grams shows that theoptimum 

500 gram weight group throughout the neonatal 

period was 3,501-4,000 grams. Babies slightly 

lighter than this (3,001-3,500 grams) fared better 

than the infants weighing 4,001-4,500 grams. This 

difference was due principally to the latter group’s 

nigher mortality du-ring t_he;emainder of t~efi;st 

clay after the first hour and in the second day. At 

subsequent ages,mortality among these babies differed very little. 

Cause of death 

As discussedin the section Interpretationof 

cause ofdeath data, (p. 226)jthere are important 

shortcomings in cause data derived from information reported on death certificates, Outstanding 

among these is the Iack of the specific etiology of 

causal factors involved in the many deaths attributed 

to Immaturity unqualified (and possibly to a less 

eti’ent to Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis). Reporting of Immaturity unqualified conveys the idea 

that prevention of the death could have been avoided 

only by prolongation of the pregnancy or by general 

improvement in methods in the care of the premature infant. As stated earlier, use of this term 

may to some extent result in an understatement of 

more definite conditions. The introduction of birth 

weight in the analysis of cause data does not resolve this problem, but it helps to isolate the weight 

groups where it is of particular importance. For 

large segments of the newborn, the significance of 

causes other than Immaturity unqualified is thereby 

more clearly indicated. 

Principal causes of death by weight.— WM.hthe 

effective control of the infectious diseases, mortality in the neonatal period among children of all 

weights in the United States is related principally 

to developmental deficiencies present at time of 

birth and to injuries sustained in parturition (tables 

8 and 9). Among children of birth weights of 2)500 
.

vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 235 

c,”,,.. “ 

Neonatal Mortality at Specified Weights; Percent Distributions and Rates 

by Cause of Death: United States, Jan.-Mar. 1950 

(Rotes Per 1,000 live births in each specified group) 

2,500 GRAMS OR LESS 

o 10 20 

RATE 

=$:;-

Postnatal Asphyxia and Atel. 

Birth Injuries 

Congenital MAformat ions 

Infections of Newborn 

Abnormal Blind Conditions 

3.5 Neonatal Disorders from Mat. Tox. 

1,001-1,500 GRAMS 

o 10 20 

RATE ~ PERCENT3-

-” ‘~!:---,,,lhnniaturity Unqualified i” , -‘.. . . * 

Postnatal Asphyxia and Atel. 

Birth Injuries I 

Congenital Malformations 

16.2 ::/ Infections of Newborn 

11.2 1?$ I Neonatal Disorders from Mat. Tox. . 

9. I Abnormal Blood Comfitktns 

47.4 .;J ; Other b 

1,501-2,000 GRAMS 

68.8 ‘“ , ,:, -, ,!Immgt”rity 

51. s , 

11.3 :- / Infections of Newborn 

7.2 Abnormal Blood Ccmditions 

5.4 F 1 Neonataf Disor&rs from Mat. Tox. 

t9.1 I 

i ‘me’ 

2,001-2,500 GRAMS 

1.0 Neonatal Disorders from Mat. Tox. 

7.0 ,. .!?=7Other

I 2. 

8.7 : 

8.0 .<. 4 I Immaturity Unqtdfied 

6.7 . . E 

3.4 Infections of Newborn 

3.2 .. Abnormal Blocd Conditions 

2,501 GRAMS OR MORE 

‘::”’’-’o’’’2~~~GEN;o 

I .7 -? + %::’.;- :??”*, ,’::-

1.2 + +.,’. ?.:,5.<., Postnakl Asphyxia and Atel. 

0.7 . Infections of Newborn 

0.7 Abnormal Btood Conditicms 

0.1 : i Neonatal Disorders from Mat. T... 

, .6 ;,7:, . . .-:, .: :..,. -. Other 

E 

2,501-3,000 GRAMS 

R=’ 

3., 

~:p--’”

. .. 

....’ ?4 6>’:;.%;”?4I.< COngemtal $ ,. ~ Malformations 

2.3 **’ E2zz2a’ ~+ 2.3 E nstnatal Asphyxia -and Atel. 

-.-,,> .“ :<’, . ... ...

.

. ., , Birti Injuries 

1.1 . ,+. .%, Infections of Newborn 

1.0 ,. ,~.&, Almorxnal Blood Conditions 

0.2 r Neonatal Disorders from Mat. 

2“+==%=+‘her 

3,001-4,500 GRAMS 

o 10 20 

RATE 

I .5 

‘~~* 1.5 Birth Injuries 

0.9 Fwtnat.al Aspbyxfa and Atel. 

0.6 Infections of Newborn 

0.6 Abnormal Blood Conditions 

Tax 

Neonatal Disorders from Mat. Tox. ~?==+=d-r 

4,501 GRAMS OR MORE 

50 

RATE ~PERCEN;O +--JL 

4.6 “’-:/ .-’! .. m ~Birth Injuries ? ~ .,,’’;.: 

2.3 .5,~.” ,:- :,-t - -. 3 COneenital Malformations 1 

I .5 ‘- ,.,. Infections of Newborn ““’””-iiii--- I .4 Postnatal -

Asphyxia and Atel.

o.2~1 I Abnormal Blocd Conditions 

~~w”rsfm””t”’ox 
236 mTAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

grams or less, immaturity, unqualified by any other 

condition, was cited as the cause of death in over 

two-fifths of the neonatal deaths. This represented 

a rate of 75.1 per 1,000 live births. Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis and Birth injuries with rates 

of 33.6 and 23.3, respectively, ranked next as reported causes of death among the immature children. In a high proportion of these” cases, immaturity was also mentioned on the death certificate 

(see table 16). 

Congenital malformations was another cause 

resulting in a significant loss among children 2,500 

grams or less at birth. Actually, the mortality rate 

in the group for this cause alone was about l; times 

the rate for all causes among mature infants. 

For the infants weighing 2,501 grams or more 

at birth, Congenital malformations was reported as 

the cause of death most frequently, but even for this 

causethe neonatal rate was only 1.8 per 1,000. The 

rate for Birth injuries was virtually the same at 

these weights, while that for the third ranking cause 

of death for the mature group, Postnatal asphyxia 

and atelectasis, was 1.2 per 1,000. 

Figure 2 showing mortality by cause and weight 

indicates that within the immature and mature 

groups, the importance of many of the factors responsible for death in the neonatal period varied 

considerably. At 1,000 grams or less—a group not 

shown separately in the chart-Immaturity unqualified account ed for about three-fiftk” of all neonatal deaths. With increasing weight, the significance of this group in the over-all mortality 

diminished sharply. At 2,001-2,500 grams, mortality attributed to Immaturity unqualified represented only 16 percent of the total, and this cause 

no longer ranked as the principal cause of death. 

Among infants ~f this birth weight, Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis, the second-ranking cause 

for all immature children, became the principal 

cause of death reported (25 percent of the total mortality). Also of increased significance at the higher 

immature weights was Congenital malformations. 

Throughout the range of immature weights, 

Birth injuries accounted for an almost constant 

part of the toll (between 12 and 14 percent). However, the rank of this cause changed from second 

at 1,000 grams or less to fourth at 2,001-2,500 

grams as a result of variations in the other causes. 

Just above the immaturity level (2,501-3,000 

grams) Congenital malformations was responsible 

for the greatest proportion of the mortality (24 percent). With an increase in weight, Birth injuries 

assumed added importance in the over-all mortality and for the very heavy infants (4,501 grams 

or more), this cause alone accounted for about onethird of the total. 

Other causes. —Infections of newborn (pneumonia, diarrhea, and other infections) and Abnormal blood conditions (hemolytic and hemorrhagic 

diseases of newborn) were responsible for only 

about one-fifth of the mortality among mature infants. For the lower weight children, they caused 

an even smaller segment of the over-all mortality 

(about one-sixteenth). Although these causes were 

unimportant as compared with other causes of death 

within each weight gkoup, the level of the rates was 

far higher among the immature infants than among 

the mature. 

Changes in cause rates with birth weight 

Close to half of the clifference between the mortality rate for children weighing 2,500 grams or 

less (173.7 per 1,000) and that for children 2,501 

grams or more at birth (7.8) was accounted for by 

deaths assigned to Immaturity unqualified. Children 

of 2,500 grams or less also sustained particularly 

more severe losses than the mature fr’om causes 

classified as Other birth injuryg and Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia. These conditions involve complications of pregnancy and labor 

which have been shown to occur more frequently 

among immatw”e births. 10 For both causes, the 

mortality rates among immatures were about 20 

to 30 times those among children mature according 

to weight. 

Postnatal asphyxia +d atelectasis was the onIy 

other cause for which mortality among mature and 

immature infants contrasted so sharply. The excessive mortality among immatures for this cause, 

as well as for Immaturity unqualified, is probably 

related to the inadequate development and function. 

ing of the Iungs of the immature infant (see section 

on Interpretation of cause of death data, p. 226. 

Mortality among the infants 2,500 grams or 

less from each of the remaining major groups of 

causes— Congenital malformations, Intracranial and 

spinal injury at birth, Abnormal blood conditions, 

and Infections of newborn—was between 6 and 8 

times that among those weighing 2,501 grams or 

more. 

Within the immature group, reductions in the 

mortality attributed to Immaturity unqualified and 

Other birth injury with increase in weight progressed somewhat more rapidly than for other 

9Note that this title includes anoxia due to 

placenta praevia, premature separation of placenta 

or other complicationsof labor and other birth injuries .not classifiable under Intracranial and 

spinal injury at birth. 

10Ande.rson, Nina A., Brown, Estelle W.,’and 

Lycn, R. A., ‘‘Causes of Prematurity,’‘ American 

Journal of Diseases of Children, vol. 61, No. 1, 

PP. 72-87, January 1941; and Haenszel, William, 

‘‘The Incidence of Prematurity, Complicati~ns of 

Pregnancy and Labor, and Operative Procedures for 

Births in CODDe CticIIt During 1948 and Their Re. 

lationship to Stillbirth and.Neonatal Mortality,‘‘ 

Connecticut State Department of Health, 1951. 
vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 237 

Fiaure .— 3 

index of Neonatal Mortality From Specified Causes by Birth Weight for Infants 

2,500 Grams or Less: United States, Jan.-Mar. 1950 

(Based on rates shown m table 9. Maximum weight-specific rate for each cause equals 100) 

100 loa s 

Congenital Infections of Newborl 

Malforma- ea ‘tions 80 

6a 60 

4a 4a p.-

‘:~ 2a IYFI 

I I o~ 1,000 GRAMS !,001- 1,500 1,501-2,000 2,001-2,500 l,OyR ygs. 8,001 .1,500 1,501-2,000 2+20;;:;;00 OR LESS GRAMS GRAMS GRAMS GRAMS GRAMS 

100 100 I 

Intracranial and Neonatal Disorders 

80 Spinal Injury 

at Birth 80 from Mat. Tox. 

6a 60 

4a ‘T~ 40 

\ 

20 

F 

01 I I I ! o I ! I I I 1,000 GRAMS 1,001-1,500 1,501-2,000 2,001-2,500 1,000 GRAMS 1,001-1,500 1,501-2,000 2,00 I -2,500 

OR LESS GRAMS GRAMS GRAMS OR LESS GRAMS GRAMS GRAMS 

loo— I 00 

Other Birth Injuries Abnormal Bload 

Conditions 80 80 

6a 60 -. 

40 40 n< 

2a 

o 1 o~ 1,000 GRAMS 1,001-1,500 !,501. 2,000 2,001-2,500 1,000 GRAMS 1,001-1,500 1,501-2,000 2,001.2,500 OR LESS GR,AMS GRAMS GRAMS OR LESS GRAMS GRAMS GRAMS 

— I 00 100 — 1 

Postnatal Asphyxia Immaturity Unqualified 

and Atelectasis so 80 

6a 6a 

40 40 

2a 20 

a I I I I o I I I 

1,000 GRAMS 1,001-1,500 1,50! -2,000 2.001 -2, s00 1,000 GRAMS 1,001 -1,500 1,501-2,000 2,00! -2,500 OR LESS GRAMS GRAMS GRAMS OR LESS GRAMS GRAMS GRAMS 

777-457 0 -65-3 
238 VITAL STATISTICS—SPECIAL REPORTS 

causes (figure 3). For these causes, the rates for During the first week, mortality also changed 

the highest weight group of immatures were only a somewhat in nature. Looking at only changes in 

small fraction (2 to 3 percent) of the rates for the 

very small infants (1,000 grams or less). For Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis and Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia, improvement. 

in the rates was just slightly less. 

For other causes—Congenital malformations, 

Infections of newborn, and Abnormal blood conditions—mortality began to decline only after an initial increase between the lowest birth weight group 

and 1,001-1,500 grams. The subsequent reductions 

for these causes were also generally smaller. 

In the case of Infections of newborn, this pattern of 

change with an increase in weight may be partially 

explained by the substantially smaller proportion 

of the more immature infants who survive to the 

ages where postnatal infections begin to attack. 

However, for both Infections of newborn and Congenital malformations, the lower mortality among 

the very small infants as compared with the premature 1,001-2,500 grams does not correspond to 

the findings in the Chicago study} 1 This might 

indicate that the advantage found at the very low 

weights is an artifact due to inaccuracies of diagnoses for these iniants. 

The added risk of mortality for the very heavy 

babies can be traced in large part to problems of 

delivery. The rate for Birth injuries for this group 

was 3 times that for the babies weighing 3,001-4,500 

grams. 

Other specific conditions which accounted for 

the major part of the increase in mortality at the 

very high weights are Congenital malformations and 

Pneumonia of newborn. 

Cause distribution at each age 

Relationships between cause of death and age at 

death among children of clifferent weights are indicated in the percentage distributions given in 

tables 13 and 14. In table 13, the distributions of 

deaths by cause at specified 

impact of each cause among 

age. The percentages shown 

hand, show what proportions 

natal period from a specific 

ferent ages in this period. 

ages show the relative 

deaths at a specified 

in table 14, on the other 

of deaths in the neocause occurred at difFrom table 13, it is seen that for deaths in the 

first week, physiological abnormalities, inadequacies in the child at birth, and injuries in the birth 

process accounted for most deaths. In the balance 

of the neonatal period (7-27 days), these conditions, 

although still exceedingly important, represented 

much smaller proportions of the deaths. 

11Bundesen, Herman N. , et al. , OP . cit. , footnote 4, p. 226. 

the more important causes of death among children 2,500 grams or less at birth reveals that ‘between the first hour and the remainder of the first 

day, the proportion of the toll from Congenital malformations for this weight group dropped (from 12 

to 4 percent) and that from Postnatal asphyxia and 

atelectasis increased (from 10 to 19 percent). When 

detailed weight data for immatures are examined 

it also becomes clear that Immaturity unqualified 

was relatively more often certified as the cause 

among deaths at 1-23 hours ‘than among deaths that 

took place in the first hour. 

At 1-6 days, Immaturity unqualified decreased 

somewhat in importance as a cause of death among 

the total group of immatures (from about 50 percent to less than 40 percent). Other changes were 

a continuing increase in the proportion of the toll 

attributed to Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis, a 

proportionately smaller loss from Other birth injury, and a greater loss from Intracranial and 

spinal injury at birth. Part of these changes for, 

the immature group as a whole arise because of 

the small proportion of the very low weight babies 

surviving to this age, the consequent lower proportions of deaths of small immatures, and the variations with weight in the cause distributions, 

Infections of newborn despite present-day methods for their treatment, are still responsible after 

the first week,for an important segment of the mortality among infants under 2,501 grams at birth. 

The loss due to these diseases (21 percent of the 

total at ages 7-27 days) came fairly close to equaling that due to Immaturity unqualified (28 percent), 

which remained the principal cause of death reported 

for immatures even this late in the neonatal period. 

Congenital malformations gained in significance 

(particularly among the larger immatures) and 

ranked as the third major cause. 

some features of the changes with age in the 

distributions by cause of death among infants over 

2,500 grams at birth, differed from those noted for 

the smaller infants. For example, in distinction to 

the situation among the immatures, the proportion 

of deaths attributed to Congenital malformations 

among infants over 2,500 grams appeared to increase gradually throughout the ‘first week and then 

rose to a peak at 7-27 days. In addition, the proportion of the toll due to Postnatal asphyxia and 

atelectasis did not increase so radically after the 

first hour as in the case of immature babies. 

At .%’-27’days, a higher proportion of deaths of 

infants 2,501 grams or more were attributed to All 

other causes than at the younger ages, and of these 

relatively more fell in the subcategories All other 

diseases and Accidents. The percent distribution 
----------

Vol. 39, No. 6 kEJ.ATION OF WEIGHT AT 

of deaths from All other causes at these ages by 

detailed cause follow. 

Under 7 days 7-27’ C&W 

All other causes---- 100.0 100.0 

Symptoms and illdefined conditions. 50.0 24.3 

All other diseases - 41.9 54.2 

Accidents---------- T. 9 20.9 

Homicide 0.2 0.6 

With regard to the high proportion of deaths 

reported as due to Accidents at 7-27 days, it is 

noteworthy that, in a special study of deaths assigned to “accidental suffocation” in New York 

City, it was found that a sizable number were, in 

fact, due to a respiratory disease.12 

Age distribution of deaths from each cause 

WMh 56 percent of the deaths. among the immaturely born infants occurring in the first day of 

life, it is not surprising to find that a high proportion 

of the deaths from practically alI causes took place 

this soon sfter birth (table 14). An outstanding exception was Infections of newborn. Less than a tenth 

of the neonatal deaths from this group of causes occurred in the first day. The only other cause shown 

in table 14 with appreciably less than half the deaths 

this early is Intracranial and spinal injury at birth 

(38 percent). 

For most of the causes, the bulk of the remaining deaths among the immatures occurred in the 

balance of the first week. Congenital malformations 

and Infections of newborn were the only relatively 

specific cause groups with substantial proportions 

of deaths in the last 3 weeks of tie neonatal period. 

Although only about a third of the deaths among 

infants over 2,500 grams at birth occurred in the 

first day, for many causes the age distributions of 

deaths were similar to those described for the immaturely born infants. There were$ however, afew 

causes—the most important being Congenital malformations-from which the immatures in the study 

succumbed somewhat earlier than the mature infants. In addition, in” a few instances, where the 

propcwtion of first day mortality for mature and immature infants was about equal, the immature infant 

was less likely to have died in the first hour than 

the mature infant. Causes in which this relation 

was found are Other birth injury and Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis. 

12 Werne, Jacob, and Garrow, Irene, ‘‘Sudden 

Death s”of Infants Allegedly Due to Mechafiioal 

Suffocation, ” American Journal of Public Health, 

vol. 37, PP. 675-687, June 1947. 

BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 239 

RACE 

At the immature weights, nonwhite infants had 

a somewhat better chance of surviving the neonatal 

period than the white. However, in the mature 

weights, at which a preponderance of the births occur, the mortality risk among nonwhite births was 

greater, with the gap between the two race groups 

becoming relatively wider at each successive level 

through 3,501-4,000 grams and then narrowing 

slightly. Among white children, the group weighing 

3,501-4,000 grams had the lowest mortality rate 

(5.0). For the nonwhite group, the rate (9.7) was 

most favorable for chiIdren weighing somewhat less 

(3,001-3,500 grams). 

Age at death 

The nonwhite infants in the study weighing 2,500 

grams or less showed a better chance of surviving 

the immediate period following parturition and the 

first few days afterwards than did the white infants 

of equal weight. The lower mortality among the 

small nonwhite children, tsking the neonatal period 

as a whole, is explained entirely by this early diff erence. By the fourth or fifth day after birth, the 

advantage for the nonwhite infants of these weights 

had disappeared (table 3). At subsequent ages, 

where postnatal environmental factors can be expected to exert an increasingly greater influence, 

mortality was more favorable for the small white 

infant and by the third week, the rate among the 

nonwhite was more than twice that among the white. 

The clifference in the last week was slightly less. 

WMin the group weighing 2,500 grams or less, 

the advantage for the nonwhite infants appeared to 

have a tendency to continue somewhat longer for the 

smaller than for the larger immature babies (figure 4). 

It is unlikely that underregistration of births 

and deaths or inaccuracies in weighing the newborn are significant factors in explaining the lower 

mortality experienced by nonwhite infants weighing 

2,500 grams or less during the first few days of 

life since data ior births occurring in hospitals, 

which are virtuaIly completely registered, show the 

same general pattern. One explanation that has been 

advanced is that the nonwhite infant of low weight 

is more fully deveIoped at birth thsn the white infant of the same weight and thus better able to survive the hazardous first few days of life. 

The highermortality among nonwhite as compared with white infants 2,500 grams or less after 

the initial advantage following birth usually is ascribed to environmental clifferences. “Environment” for the small infant covers a wide range of 

elements—the type and duration of medical or hospital care as well as home conditions. For small 

infants the former plays sn exceptionally important 

role considering the close supervision and special 
24o VITAL STATISTICS—SPECIAL REPORTS 

=,....- A 

Percent Difference Between Mortality Rates Among White and Nonwhite Infants 

of Same Birth Weight at Specified Ages: United States, Jan.-Mar. 1950 

(Rates for white infants used as bases in computing percent differences) 

PERCENT NONWHITE PERCENT NONWHITE ABOVE WHITE 

BELOW WHITE 

1,001-1,500 

“GRA”MS 

UNDER I DAY 

I DAY 

2 DAYS 

3-6 DAYS 

7-13 DAYS 

14-20 DAYS 

21-27 DAYS 

1,501-2,000 

GRAMS 

UNOER I DAY 

I DAY2 DAYS 

I 3-6 DAYS 

I 1 7-,3 DAYS 

J

14-20 DAYS 

21-27 DAYS 

2>001-2,500 

GRAMS 

UNDER I OAY 

I DAY 

2 OAYS 

3-6 DAYS 

7-13 OAYS 

14-20 DAYS 

21-27 DAYS 

2.501 GRAMS 

50 0 ‘OR MORE 

UNOER I DAY 

I DAY 

2 DAYS 

3-6 DAYS 

7-13 DAYS 

14-20 DAYS 

21-27 OAYS 
; Vol. 39, No.’ 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 241 

equipment required in the management of the prematurely born infant. Investigation of these various 

factors which affect the comparative mortality of 

white and nonwhite infants is beyond the scope of 

this report. 

Turning to the babies weighing 2,501 grams or 

more at birth, the loss among the nonwhite exceeded 

that among the white babies in the esrly days of life 

as well as later in the neonatal period. The advantage for the white at these weights was, however, 

usually more pronounced after the first few days. 

Rates among infants over 4,500 grams were an exception to this general situation. While the data 

at these weights by detailed age at death are subj ect to considerable variability due to low frequencies, it is apparent that in the first day or two after 

birth, the heavy nonwhite infant has a far higher 

mortality risk than the white. Later the difference 

in loss is not as marked. 

The relationships between mortality rates for 

the white and nonwhite described thus far were presented principally from -the point of view of all 

births regardless of place of birth. Data for hospital births, which have only been referred to incidentally, show the same general relationships. In 

addition, however, it should be noted from table 5 

that at the mature weights and at bigher ages where 

the rates for the total group of nonwhite births were 

above those for the white, the gaps between the corresponding rates for white and nonwhite hospital 

births were, as a rule, less pronounced. In fact, 

in the hospital data, nonwhite children of 2,501-

3,000 grams appeared to have even a slightly better chance for survival than the white. 

The minimum mortality rates throughout the 

neonatal period for both white and nonwhite infants 

were found with but few exceptions, and these probably due to the variability of small frequencies, 

among the group 3,001-4,500 grams at birth. In 

both the white and nonwhite groups the disadvantage 

of immature infants 2,500 grams or less as compared with those weighing 3,001-4,500 grams was 

considerably less marked -at the end of the neonatal period than at the beginning-excluding the 

first hour. However, for the nonwhite, the differentials were substantially smaller than for the white 

except in the last 2 weeks of the neonatal period. 

Data by more detailed weight for the group of 

infants weighing 3,001-4,500 grams indicate that 

for the white race, the lower neonataI mortality for 

those children of 3,501-4,000 grams than for other 

children in this weight range can be traced to differences occurring in the first 2 weeks. For the 

nonwhite race, generally lower mortality in the first 

2 weeks also explains the more favorable over-all 

rate for the infants of 3,001-3,500 grams. 

Hospital versus total births, nonwhite group 

In this section, the mortality experience among 

hospital births is contrasted with the experience 

for all births regardless of place of delivery. This 

comparison is limited to nonwhite births of which 

14.6 percent were delivered by physicians at home, 

and 30.0 percent were attended by midwives. For 

the white race where all but 8.2 percent of the births 

took place in hospitals, only small differences could 

be expected between rates for hospital births and 

all births. 

In evaluating differences in mortaIi~ between 

hospital births and all births, it should be borne in 

mind that the comparison is affected not only by 

actual care received in a hospital at time of birth 

and immediately after, but by factors correlated 

with whether a birth occurred in or out of a hospital. 

Furthermore, the. effect of underregistration of 

births and deaths, particularly in the group that 

dies soon after birth, must be considered. The 

problem of underregistration, which is concentrated 

among nonhospital births, may be serious enough 

in some cases to cause the rates for the combined 

in-hospital and nonhospital births to be appreciably 

understated. It would be of particular significance 

at the lower weights. 

One condition, which might significantly raise 

the rates for the hospital group, is the possible 

selection of obstetrical cases presenting complications for referral to hospitals where ordinarily 

the mother would have remained at home for delivery. Another factor affecting the comparison 

which could not be taken into consideration in this 

study was the subsequent hospitalization of some of 

the babies born at home. 

Nonwhite children born in hospitals and weighing between 1,501 and 3,000 grams at birth had a 

lower risk of mortality throughout most of the neonatal period than did all nonwhite children in these 

weight groups. The advantage of the hospital group 

was consistently high except for the second day 

(that is, at age 1 day), when the rates were virtually 

the same. Additional observations would be necessary before this deviation from the general pattern 

could be accepted as significant. 

At the very favorable weights of 3,001-4,500 

grams, the risk among hospital births differed only 

slightly from that of total birthsf or the first 3 days. ‘ 

But, thereafter, the group born in a hospital had a 

major advantage. 

Among infants of very low weight (1,500 grams 

or less) the difference in mortality between those 

born in hospitals and total births was small before 

the third day of life but, after this, there was atendency to higher mortality in the hospital group. At 
242 VITAL STATISTICS—SPECIAL REPORTS ( 

these weights, and especially during the first day of 

life, mortality among the total group might be understated because of failure to register as births and 

deaths the infants born outside of hospitals who die 

soon after birth. Consequently, the benefits of hospitalization at early ages may be concealed in a 

comparison of the two sets of data. Furthermore, 

children 1,500 grams or less born outside of a hospital and surviving the immediate postpartum period, must represent a select group, who also receive 

special care either at home or in a hospital. This 

may explain the anomalous situation after the first 

few days when rates were lower for the total number of children than for those born in hospitals. 

Detailed age data for the heavy weight group 

(4,501 grams or more) are of limited value because 

of the small frequencies. However, in the first day 

of life mortality among nonwhite hospital births of 

these weights was significantly higher than among 

all births. This situation more than any other relationship revealed by the data suggests a selectivity 

of difficult cases by both mid~ves and physicians 

for referral to hospitals. 

Cause of death 

The quality of cause of death information, if 

measured by the proportion of deaths assigned to 

the category Symptoms and ill-defined conditions 

(780-795), appears to be poorer for. the nonwhite 

than for the white group. Throughout the entire 

weight range, the proportion in this category was 

at least 5 times as great for the nonwhite as for the 

white race. Actually, above 2,500 grams the dif -

ferences in the rates for this category alone amounted to about 40 percent of the excess of nonwhite 

mortality. 

Other causes which may be considered as indices of the quality of reporting include Ill-defined 

diseases peculiar to early infancy, Immaturity with 

mention of any other subsidiary condition, and Immaturity unqualified. Comparison of the rates for 

white and nonwhite for these causes, however, does 

not show consistently higher rates for the nonwhite. 

For Ill-defined diseases and Immaturity unqualified, 

the rates for white and nonwhite infants were about 

the same at 1,500 grams or less, but considerably 

higher for the nonwhite above 1,500 grams. 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis may also be 

used frequently in cases where the specific etiology 

for a neonatal death is not known. In fact, in the 

Chicago study, as indicated earlier, infants designated as dying of prematurity and those for which 

atelectasis was indicated as the cause were not dif -

ferentiated because of the large degree of similarity 

in the two groups. It is interesting to note, therefore, that at the immature weights the combined 

rates for these two categories for the white and nonwhite groups cliffer only slightly. 

The fact that a much smaller proportion of nonwhite than white children come &der medical attendance at time of (and also prior to) birth may 

introduce for some of the more specific causes a 

serious source of incomparability between the two 

race groups. This point would apply particularly to 

the causes grouped as Other birth injury where a 

clinical history of complications of delivery is often needed for proper diagnosis. It, will be noted 

that at all immature weights, one of the more important race differentials in mortality was in the 

loss attributed to Other birth injury. In fact, for the 

two lowest weight groups of immatures, the more 

favorable over-all mortality experience among nonwhite children could be traced mainly to the smaller toll from this cause. Important as deficiencies 

in diagnosis are, however, they could certainly account for only part of this clifference. Another area 

for inquiry relates to fetal mortality. Causes in 

the category Other birth injury are responsible for 

a large number of deaths that occur before complete birth (fetal deaths) in addition to deaths following delivery.13 It would be of especial interest, 

therefore, to see what effect combining fetal and 

neonatal deaths would have on the relation between 

mortality for the white and nonwhite groups. 

Above 2,500 grams, the nonwhite infants experienced higher mortality than the white from Other 

birth injury. The same holds true for Intracranial 

and spinal injury at birth. At weights of 1,500 grams 

or less, however, where the rates for the nonwhite 

pertaining to Other birth injury were so much lower 

than for the white, those relating to Intracranial 

and spinal injury at birth for the nonwhite exceeded 

the corresponding rates for the white. Only between 1,501 and 2,500 grams did the rates for the 

nonwhite for Intracranial and spinal injury at birth 

drop below those for the white. 

The one group of causes from which nonwhite 

infants of all weights suffered consistently greater 

mortality than the white was Infections of newborn 

(pneumonia, diarrhea, and other infections): For 

immatures, the rate among the nonwhite was almost 

twice that of the white, while among children weighing ,2,501 grams or more, the rate for the nonwhite 

was between 2 and 3 times that for the white. 

For two causes, namely, Congenital malformations and Hemolytic disease of newborn, consistently lower rates were recorded for nonwhite 

babies at mature as well as immature weights. 

Similar relations were found in the data on these 

causes for the group of autopsied deaths covered 

in the Chicago Board of. Health study. In the case 

of Hemolytk disease of the newborn, the race dif13 Potter, Edith L. , ‘ ‘Pathology of the Fetus and 

the Newborn, ‘ ‘ The Yearbook Publishers, Inc. , 

Chicago, 11 l., 1952. 
Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 243 

f erential in mortality can be explained by the lower 

incidence of Rh negatives among nonwhites than 

among whites? 4 

The lower mortality among nonwhite children 

attributed to Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia at some weights (2,000 grams or 

less) may also be partly explained by the factors 

mentioned earlier with relation to Other birth injury.. 

PLURALITY 

Members of plural sets represented only 2.0 

percent of all live births but they accounted for 14.8 

percent of the children weighing 2,500 grams or 

less at birth. Because of the heavy concentration at 

the low weights, the neonatal mortality rate for 

babies born in multiple sets was 5 to 6 times the 

rate for single births. On a weight-specific basis, 

the mortality risk among plural births was considerably lower than among single births between 

1,501 and 2,500 grams. Above 3,000 grams, single 

births had a major advantage. The optimum weight 

was 3,001-3,500 grams for plural births (mortaIity 

rate, 10.4), and 3,501-4,000 grams for single births 

(mortality rate, 5.6). At every weight above 1,500 

grams, the loss among nonwhite multiple births was 

far greater than among the white. 

The completely clifferent distributions of single 

and plural births place a particularly high premium 

on studying age at death and cause of death differences between these two groups on the basis of 

weight- specific information. Data that combine all 

weights indicate that plural births have af m higher 

mortality rate at all points in the first four weeks 

after birth; also that their loss from each cause in 

Certsin diseases of early infancy is several times 

greater than the loss among single births. Variations of an entirely clifferent nature emerge in the 

discussions on weight data that follow. 

Age at death 

The morta.lityrisk among both single and plural 

births was heavily influenced throughout the neonatal period by the weight of the child at birth (table 

7). Relationships discussed previously for single 

and plural births combined apply to the single group. 

Although the small numbers of plural births place a 

restriction on the inferences that can be drawn for 

this group, it is clear that over the broad weight 

rsnge, 1,001-3,000 grams, additional weight was 

exceedingly important in surviving the first day or 

14za~tman, Nicholson J., ‘‘Williams Obstetrics,” Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., New York, 

1950. 

two following parturition. The advantage was less 

marked 2 to 4 weeks after birth, but it was still of 

major proportions. Rates for weights 3,001-4,500 

qams show no distinctive pattern of change from 

the figures for 2,501-3,000 grams. However, there 

is the suggestion that the risk for plural births may 

rise appreciably in the first day as weight increases 

much beyond 3,000 grams. To establish this definitely would require a larger group of births than 

was available through this study. 

First day mortality among plural births weighing 1,501-2,000 and 2,001-2,500 grams was only 

about one-half the loss among single births of comparable weights. At no other point in the neonatal 

period was the margin as great for these weights. 

The data suggest further that within the first day, 

the plural births had,aparticularly strong advantage 

in the first hour after birth. The pattern of a much 

lower rate among plural births in the first day of 

life extended into births weighing over 2,500 grams, 

but it was not maintained for the “under 1 hour” 

period. 

In every weight group, except 1,000 grams or 

less, mortality among nonwhite infants in plural 

sets was considerably higher than among the white 

during the first hour. The rates at the other ages 

were also for the most part far greater for the nonwhite, but only after the first week were the relative 

differences again as large as in the first hour. 

Cause of death 

The close similarity between the neonatal mor -

tality rate (175.6) for plural births weighing 2,5oo 

grams or less and the corresponding rate (173.4) 

for single births conceals striking differences in 

causes of death (table 11). At this weight, rates for 

Congenital malformations, Birth injuries, and Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia were 

between one and ahalftimes and twice as high among 

the single births as among the pluraI, Although 

these causes are closely associated with complications in pregnancy, labor, and delivery, or in the 

development of the fetus, the rates cannot be taken 

as an index of the comparative incidence of such 

complicafidns. There is some evidence, for example, that complications in the presentation and 

delivery of the child are far more common in plural 

births, even when weight is taken into account.l 5 

It may be that the maternal complications present in pregnancies terminating with the birth of an 

infantweighing2,500 grams or less are more severe 

for single births than for multiple births, or that 

developmental clifferences make it more likely f qr 

15Haenszel, William, o& ~., footnote 10, 

P. 236. 
244 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

the latter group to overcome the handicap of siiii.ilar complications. 16 In either event, it would be 

expected that rates for other causes reflecting 

developmental shortcomings would be higher for 

single births. This is the case for two of the large 

cause groups, Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis 

and Immaturity unqualified, when the rates are examined within 500 gram intervals, over the range 

1,001-2,500 grams. Of equal importance is the appearance of even greater differences in the rates 

for Congenital malformations, Birth injuries, and 

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia 

than was ,evident in the broader grouping of weights. 

Data for the total grou~ “weighing 2,500 grams 

or less indicate that many of these findings hold 

for white and also for nonwhite births. However, 

in most of the importsnt instances they were not of 

the same relative magnitude. Generally, where 

the rates among white births were in favor of the 

plural births, the corresponding clifferentials in the 

nonwhite group were dampened; where single births 

had the advantage, the ~ff erenthls increased. 

Above 2,500 grams, mortality rates among 

single births were lower thsn among multiple births 

for almost all of the causes. Of particular interest 

is the fact that the rate for Infections of newborn 

was twice as high in the plural birth group. Nonwhite mortality contributed heavily to this over-all 

relationship. In addition, while the rate for Immaturity unqualified was exceedingly small among 

the single births it was fairly high among the multiple births. As discussed in the section Birth 

weight and certification of immaturity on cause of 

death, this situation may result from coding rules, 

SEX OF CHILD 

The loss among male infants was about a third 

more than among the female during the neonatal 

period, despite their more favorable weight distribution. This resulted from considerably higher 

mortality rates at almost all ‘weights. In the 500 

gram intervals between 1,001 and 4,000 grams, the 

rates among baby boys were between 30 and 84 percent higher than those for girls. Above 4,500 grams, 

a lower rate is found for males. The optimum 

weight group was the same for both males and females-3,501-4,000 grams, Sex differences in mortality in the nonwhite races were slightly less pronounced than, in the white at most premature weight 

levels and at weights between 2,501 and 3,500 grams. 

Developmental differences between males and 

females at the same weight may partially explain 

the much lower mortality in the female at most 

16~ee Re~~rd, R, G.; Gibson, J. R. , and McKeownt 

Thomas, ‘ ‘Foetal and Infant Mortality in Multiple 

Pregnancy, ” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 

of the British Empire, vol. 59, No. 4, PP. 471-482; 

August 1952. 

points in the weight scale. Equating males at one 

weight to females at a somewhat lower weight brings 

the mortality rates for the two sexes closer. But, 

the issue i$ incompletely resolved since at no weight 

does the male mortality reach the lows recorded for 

females at 3,001-4,000 grams. 

Age at death 

The risk of loss in every weight group but the 

extremes of the weight scale was substantially 

greater among the males than the females at practically all stages of the neonatal period (table 3). 

One important exception was the very small difference in mortality during the first hour after 

birth, where neither sex showed a consistent advantage. 

At weights 1,001-3,000 grams, mortality differentials between the sexes increased sharply almost immediately after the first hour (figure 5), 

Relative differences reached a peak generally within a day or two and remained at this high level 

throughout most of the first week. There seemed 

to be a tendency for ,,the advantage among the female births to decline in the second or third week 

and to increase again’ at ‘the end of the neonatal 

period. In view of the small numbers of obser -

vations on which the increases for the fourth week 

are based, however, this relationship should be 

interpreted as being only suggestive. 

Male-female mortality differences in the weight 

interval 3,001-4,500 grams appesred to fluctuate 

somewhat less during the first week than in other 

weight intervals. Comparisons at the older ages 

would indicate a peak difference “during ~tlie third 

week. Above 4,500 grdrn’s’ where males were in a 

more favored positiwi’ than females with regard to 

over-all mortality, the clifference was due mainly 

to the lower risk of death among the males during 

the first day. 

The pattern of sex differentials in mortality in 

the white race is similar in its broad features to 

what has already been discussed for all races corn-~ 

bined. However, there are significant differences 

in detail. One specific instance concerns weight 

group 1,501-2,000 grams. Here, the relative advantage among white female births dropped sharply 

after the first week and remained at the same level 

in the ,balance of the neonatal period. But, this was 

one of the weight groups in which there occurred a 

marked increase in the fourth week in the gap between male and female mortality for all races. On 

the other hsnd, this is the week in which a major 

sex differential in mortality was found among white 

babies weighing 1,001-1,500 grams at birth, in contrast to no significant difference for the all races 

group. Another interesting variation between white 

births and the total group was found among babies 

of 4,501 grams or more. Substantially greater loss 

among females at this,. weight w’as not confined to 
Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 245 

Fi9ura 5 

Percent Excess of Male Over Female Mortality Rates at Specified Ages by Birth Weight: 

United States, Jan.-Mar. 1950 

(Rates for females used as bases in computing percent differences) 

Percent 1,001-1,500 GRAMS 1,501-2,000 GRAMS Percent 

‘“~ 

— 

~.’ 75 %,,: 

>; w: 

50 ,.-..,’ 

25 

.. 

-6.01 0 

Under 1-23 I 2 3-6 7-13 14-2021-27 Under I-23 1 2 3-6 7-13 [4-20 21-27 

I hour hours day days days days dfJyS days I hour hours day days days days cloys days 

2,001-2,500 GRAMS 2,501-3,000 GRAMS 150 

“0 ~ [25 125 

100 100 

.‘. - 

75 ~ 75 ., 

I 50 - 50 .,. !) -..% 

. :, 25 25 ,, 

0 “’ i 0 

Under 1-23 I 2 3-6 7-13 14-2021-27 Under 1-23 I 2“ 3-6 7-13 14-20 21-27 

I hour hours day days days days days days I hour hours day days days daYS days days 

1

At this age the rate was lower for males than females by the percent given. 

the first aay as was the case for all races, but extended into most of the neonatal period. 

I?’or the nonwhite births, the sex clifferences in 

mortality risk were very erratic below 2,501 grams, 

with no clear pattern from one weight group to 

another. Combining all of these weight groups, however, gives a fairly consistent progression from a 

considerably greater risk among the males duringthe first day after birth to a more moderate disadvantage in the balance of the first week, and 

finally to the reverse situation of higher mortality 

among the females towards the end of the neonatal 

period. In the group weighing 2,501 grams or more, 

the differential was never definitely in favor of the 

males. The advantage for the females was fairly 

small in the first day, increased sharply to a peak 

777-467 0 -65-4 
246 VITAL STATISTICS—SPECIAL REPORTS 

during the rest of the first week, and then became 

small again. Despite the fact that heavy baby girls 

(over 4,500 grams) had a lower neonatal mortality 

rate than boys of the same weight, their loss in the 

first day appeared to be greate,r. 

Cause of death 

Neonatal mortality rates for all cause categories were higher among the males than among the 

females in the birth weight group 2,500 grams or 

less (table 9). The smallest relative excess (11 

percent) was in the Infections of newborn (figure 

6). The largest absolute and relative differences 

among the more frequently cited causes were in 

the rates for Birth injuries, Postnatal asphyxia and 

atelectasis, and Immaturity unqua~ied. These 

rates were between 50 and 80 percent higher for 

the males and they accounted for almost seveneighths of the excess in the over-all male mortality 

rate at this weight. Among the Birth injuries, an 

exceptionally large clifference was found in the rates 

for Intracranial and spinal injury—the male rate 

for births under 2,501 grams being 2; times the 

female rate. 

Congenital malformations was responsible for 

a significant segment of the loss among both male 

and female prematurely born infants. While male 

mortality was greater than female for the entire 

group weighing 2,500 grams or less, the relative 

clifference between the rates (19 percent) was one 

of the lowest. Furthermore, detailed weight data 

strongly suggest that below 1,501 grams, the loss 

due to Congenital malformations was higher among 

baby girls. The differentials follow the interesting 

course from afar lower rate for the males at 1,000 

grams or less, to a substantial advantage for the 

females at 2,001-2,500 grams. Carrying this comparison into the mature weights indicates that the 

differential remained large at 2,501-3,000 grams, 

but thereafter diminished. 

In a number of the other causes of death, there 

was also no consistent advantage for female births 

over the entire weight range. For example, in the 

case of Infections of newborn, higher mortality occurred among the baby girls than boys at weights 

1,500 grams or less. 

Birth injuries and Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis persisted as the largest contributors to 

the over-alI male-female difference in mortality 

at the mature weights. However, the other causes 

assumed greater relative prominence here than at 

the lower weights, and for those weighing over 

2,500 grams, the mortaltty among the males due to 

Birth injuries and Postnatal asphyxia and atelec -

tasis, was matched by the excess in the loss from 

all other causes combined. In the heavy weight 

group, 4,5o1 grams or more, the princip~ reason 

for the previously noted higher female rate was a 

markedly greater risk of mortality from Birth injuries. 

In the main, the pattern of male-female mortality differences found when all races were considered as a group, was present in the white race. 

However, the differentials at weights below 2,501 

grams, were somewhat greater among white births 

in a number of the cause groups, includingthe large 

contributors— Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis, 

and Infections of newborn. 

Above 2,500 grams, the clearest instance in 

which sex differentials in mortality among white 

infants varied from the situation for all races, was 

at 4,501 grams or more. Among these heavy babies, 

the females had a higher rate in practically every 

cause group, including, Congenital malformations. 

Birth injuries accounted for a large share’ of the 

sex clifferences in the over-all loss in the group, 

but Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis, together 

with Infections of newborn contributed almost as 

much. 

Among the prematurely born infants, the differential between male and female mortality for the 

nonwhite was appreciably smaller than for the white. 

In the former group, the rate for males weighing 

under 2,501 grams was 36 percent above the rate 

for females; among white babies, the figure was 58 

percent, The major reasons for this difference were 

much closer mortality rates for Postnatal asphyxia 

and atelectasis and moderate reductions in the gaps 

between the male-female rates for Birth injuries 

and Immaturity unqualified. Also, rates for Inf ections of newborn in the nonwhite race tended to 

be higher among the female infants rather than the 

male. The only cause for which the clifferential increased was Neonatal disorders srising from maternal toxemia. Although the 2 race groups cliffered 

greatly in the level of mortality from Congenital 

malformations, they showed the same small sex 

clifferential. Another instance of strong consistency 

between the races was in the minor cause Hemorrhagic disease of newborn, the rates for which were 

over twice as high among males. 

In the group of infants weighing more than 2,500 

grams, the largest reIative excess (about 89 percent) in male mortality among nonwhite births was 

in deaths attributed to Congenital malformations. 

This is in sharp contrast to the small difference 

(24 percent) among the white births. The situation 

was very similar in specific weight groups above 

2,500 grams. Among nonwhite babies weighing over 

4,500 grams, the rate for Congenital malformations 

was over twice as high for the males as for the females, whereas among the white infants at this 

weight, there was virtually no difference between 

the sexes in mortality from these conditions. 
Vol. 39, No. 6 ‘RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 247 

Fi9ure 6 

Percent Excess of Male Over Female Neonatal Mortality Rates by Cause of Death 

and Birth Weighh United States, Jan.-Mar. 1950 

(Rates for fema Ies used as bases in computing percent differences) 

Percent 2,500 GRAMS OR LESS 

o 10 20 30, 40 50 60 70 80 

1 r 

,, 

,._, <:*” Congenital Malformations ... 

I ! I 1 I I 1 

1 I I 1 1 

.. . 

! Ill ., 

, ——5 

II It I 

SUMMARY 

Statistics on neonatal mortality by age and 

cause according to weight at birth derivecl from 

vital records for infsnts born in the United States 

during the first 3 months of 1950 are presented in 

this report. For this group of children: 

1. Close to half of the deaths, during the first 28 

days of life occurred before the end of the first 

day. The proportion dying this soon varied considerably with the weight of the baby, being 

highest for the very small infants (about threefourths) and lowest (one-third) for those 2,501 

grams or more. 

2. At each age throughout the neonatal period, the 

risk of dying was related to the infant’s weight. 

Additional weight (except at the highest weight) 

was an advantage not only shortly after birth, 

but also 3 or 4 weeks later. 

3. Among children 2,500 grams or less, Immaturity 

unqualified, accounting for over 40 percent of 

the mortality, was the principal cause of death 

Percent 2,501 GRAMS OR MORE 

reported, and Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis and Birth injuries ranked second and 

third. Above 2,500- grams, Congenital malformations ranked first and this was followed by 

Birth in.iuries, and Postnatal asr)hvxiaand atel 

lectasis; WM&n these broad w;ight groupings, 

however, there was considerable variation in 

the. causal pattern. 

4. Close to half of the clifference between the mortality rates for immature children and those 

weighing 2,501 grams or more at birth was accounted. for by deaths assigned to Immaturity 

unqualified. Among the causes other than Immaturity, from which children of 2,500 grams 

or less sustained particularly more severe 

losses thsn the mature, were Other birth injury and Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia. Except for slight increases in 

the mortality rates from a few of the causes 

between the two lowest weight groups, mortality from each cause dropped sharply with a 

rise in weight through 3,001-4,500 grams. The 
248 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

increase in mortality f or the very heavy babies 

was traced in large part to problems of delivery, 

although some increase was also noted in Congenital malformations and Pneumonia of newborn. 

The most marked changes in the composition of 

causes of deaths among immatures occurred 

after the first week. After this period, the percentage of deaths due to Infections of newborn 

increased sharply and the proportion due to 

Congenital malformations also rose. However, 

Immaturity unqualified was still the most frequently cited cause of death. ““ 

For most causes, the distributions of deaths by 

age among both mature and immature infants 

were about the same. The peak period of mortality for all causes except Infections of newborn was during the first day of life. Another 

cause with appreciably less than half the deaths 

this early was Intracranial and spinal injury at 

birth.. 

The lower mortality among small nonwhite children in the neonatal period is explained wholly 

by differences in the first few days. At subsequent ages, mortality was more favorable for 

the small white infant. For babies 2,501 grams 

or more, the loss among the nonwhite exceeded 

that among the white in the early as well as the 

later days in the neonatal period, but was usually 

more pronounced aft er the first few days. 

Rates for nonwhite hospital births as compared 

with total nonwhite births indicate that children 

weighing 1,501-3,000 grams born in hospitals 

had lower mortality throughout most of the neonatal period than did all n$mwhite children of 

those weights. Mortality was also more favorable for the hospital group 3,001-4,500 grams 

except in the first 3 days. For the small immatures and the heavy babies, however, the 

record was not quite as favorable for the hospital group. Underreporting and selectivity of 

poorer risk cases for hospitalization at time of 

birth may account for this situation. 

In the two lowest weight groups, the more favorable over- all mortality experience among nonwhite than white children could be traced mainly 

to the smaller toll from Other birth injury. 

Mortality from Congenital malformations and 

Hemolytic disease of newborn was lower among 

nonwhite than white children at all weights. For 

Infections of newborn, however, the rates for 

the nonwhite were consistently higher. 

For plural births, additional weight up to 3,000 

grams was exceedingly important in surviving 

the first day or two after birth. The advantage 

was less marked 2 to 4 weeks later. Mortality among plural births 1,501-2,500 grams as 

compared tith single, births of these weights 

was especially favorable in the first day. In 

every weight group except 1,000 grams or less, 

mortality among nonwhite infants in plural sets 

was considerably higher than among the white 

during the first hour, and after the first week. 

During most of the first week, the differences 

in the rates were not as great but were in the 

same direction. 

11.€For births at 2,500 grams or less, the rates for 

Congenital malformations, Birth injuries, and 

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia were almost twice as high among single 

births as among plural. For detailed weight 

groups under 2,501 grams, the rates were also 

higher for single births for Postnatal asphyxia 

and atelectasis and Immaturity unqualified. 

Above 2,500 grams, mortality rates among 

single births were lower than among multiple 

births for almost all causes. 

12.€Except for the first hour after birth, the risk 

of loss in every weight group but at the two extremes of the “weight scale was substantially 

greater among males than females throughout 

most of the neonatal period. At weights 1,001 - 3,000, grams the relative differences reached 

a peak within a day or two after birth and remained at that high level throughout the first 

week. For slightly heavier children, the dif -

ference was at about the same level throughout 

the first week. For babies 4,501 grams or 

more, the advantage for males was due to lower 

mortality in the first day. 

13.€Neonatal mortality rates for all cause categories were higher among males thm females 

of 2,500 grams or less. The smallest differences were found in the rates for Infections of 

newborn and Congenital malformations, and the 

largest for Birth injuries (especially Intracranial and spinal injury), Postnatal asphyxia 

and atelectasis, and Immaturity unqualified. 

Birth injuries and Postnatal asphyxia and ateIectasis persisted as the largest contributors 

to the over-all male-female difference in mortality at the mature weights. In the heavyweight 

group (4,501 grams or more) the higher rate 

for females was due to the markedly greater 

risk of mortality in this sex from Birth injuries. 
--

--

---------------------------

Vol. 39, NO. 6 RE I.ATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 249 

TABLE 1. LIVE BIRTHS BY BIRTH WEIG8T, BACE , SEX, AND PLURALITY OF BIRTH: UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Birth weights not stated are distributed. Excludes data for Massachusetts ) 

BIRTH WEIGET (IN GSAMS ) 

RACE , SEX, AND PLURALITY Total 1,000 1,oo1- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501- 3,001- 3,501- 4,001- 4,501 Or or 

less 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 more 

RACE AND SEx 

226,739 =4== Male---- 429,506 2,014 2,586 5,501 18,467 66,044 154,868 127,927 40,736 11,363 

Femele 408,280 1,914 2,495 5,887 22,773 85,764 160,761 98,812 23,772 6,102 

White--------------------------- 717,133 3,189 4,079 9,206 33,460 126,906 273,285 198,389 55,753 12,866 

Male---- 368,378 1,621 2,121 4,480 1.5,034 .54,833 133,719 112,366 35,564 8,640 

Female 348,755 1,568 1,958 4,726 18,426 72,073 139,566 86,023 20,189 4,226 

Nonwhite------------------------ 120,653 739 1,002 2,182 7,780 24,902 42,344 28,350 8,755 4,599 

Male---- 61,128 393 465 1,021 3,433 11,211 21,149 15,561 5,172 2,723 

Female-- 59,525 346 537 1,161 4,347 13,691 21,195 12,789 3,563 1,876 

RACE m PLmWLITY 

Single births--------------- 820,618 3,243 4,128 8,946 36,225 146,751 313,216 226,258 

White--------------------------- 702,966 2,630 3,308 7,199 29,322 122,663 271,274 198,028 55,683 12,859 

Nonwhite------------------------ 117,652 613 820 1,747 6,903 24,088 41,942 28,230 8,720 4,582 

Births in plural sets------- 17,168 685 953 2,442 5,015 5,057 2,413 481 105 17 

Uhlte 14,167 559 771 2,007 4,138 4,243 2,011 361 70 7 

Nonwhite------------------------ 3,00i 126 182 435 877 814 402 120 35 10 

All races----------------- 837,786 3,928 5,081 11,388 41,240 151,808 315,629 
-------------

----------------------------

------------------------

--------------------

---------------------

------------------------

250 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TABLE 2. DEAT2S UNDER 28 DAYS, BY BIRTE WEIGET, AGE, RACE, AND SIX: UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Includes deaths amorg children born Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Birth weights not stated aze distributed. Excludes data 

RACE, AGE, AND SEX 

ALL RACES 

Under 1 hour---------------------- 

1-23 hours------------------------ 

1 day----------------------------- 

2 days---------------------------- 

3 slays 

4 days---------------------------- 

5 days---------------------------- 

6 days---------------------------- 

7-13 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

Male 

Under 1 hour---------------------- 

1-23 hours------------------------ 

1 day ---------------------------- 

2 days---------------------------- 

3-6 days-------------------------- 

7-13 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

Female---------------------- 

Under 1 hour---------------------- 

1-23 hours -- 

1 day----------------------------- 

2 days---------------------------- 

3-6 days-------------------------- 

7-13 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

WHITE 

Under 1 hour---------------------- 

1-23 hours------------------------ 

1 day----------------------------- 

2 days---------------------------- 

3 days---------------------------- 

4 days---------------------------- 

5 days---------------------------- 

6 days---------------------------- 

7-13 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

Male 

Under 1 hour-.-------------------- 

1-23 hours------------------------ 

1 day.----------------------------, 

2 days---------------------------- 

3-6 days-------------------------- 

7-13 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

for Massachusetts ) 

BmrH WEIGBT (IN GSAMS) 

Total L, 000 :,oo1-.,501- :,001- !,ool- i,501- L,ool-L,Sol 

or or 

less .,500 !,000 :,500 !,500 :,000 !,500 more 

16,741 3,424 2,801 2,403 2,078 1,912 2,112 1,280 483 248 

1,691 598 216 165 153 146 207 132 40 34 

6,405 1,976 1,332 964 632 489 511 313 136 52 

2,470 368 452 445 358 273 268 185 76 4.5 

1,663 209 222 283 ,267 231 238 131 59 23 

928 89 116 121 147 162 157 93 29 14 

519 48 63. 66 72 85 8a 66 21 10 

420 43 79 48 64 55 60 51 13 7 

293 30 54, 27 48 35 51 33 8 7 

1,141 40 172 165 157 179 224 122 49 33 

678 19 57 68 106 138 158 91 28 13 

533 4 38 51 74 119 150 63 24 10 

9,751 1,801 1,608 1,458 1,245 1,096 1,252 823 312 156 

920 337 107 77 85 68 112 91 24 19 

3,775 1,069 809 613 391 281 307 191 84 30 

1,470 172 262 275 230 180 149 117 56 29 

993 99 129 169 172 139 153 81 36 15 

1,271 103 176 164 192 189 218 161 43 25 

620 16 85 92 73 96 125 81 29 23 

378 3 24 35 58 71 99 57 24 7 

324 2 16 33 44 72 89 44 16 8 

6,990 1,623 1,193 945 833 816 860 457 171 92 

771 261 109 88 68 78 95 41 16 15 

2,630 907 523 351 241 208 204 122 52 22 

1,000 196 190 170 128 93 119 68 20 16 

670 110 93 114 95 92 85 50 23 8 

889 107 136 98 139 148 138 82 28 13 

521 24 87 73 84 83 99 41 20 10 

300 16 33 33 48 67 59 34 4 6 

209 2 22 18 30 47 61 19 8 2 

13,521 2,817 2,293 1,976 1,693 1,528 1,703 982 374 155 

1,403 506 174 141 136 113 172 106 34 21 

5,252 1,628 1,108 813 503 403 414 246 112 25 

2,040 303 372 378 312 228 221 141 58 27 

1,388 170 180 250 239 196 190 104 43 16 

747 68 98 98 127 128 129 67 20 12 

399 35 55 52 47 69 69 49 17 6 

326 34 64 35 46 41 52 39 12 3 

214 22 49 15 34 23 43 19 6 3 

054 33 129 119 119 129 183 84 35 23 

494 14 38 43 71 107 117 74 20 10 

404 4 26 32 59 91 113 53 17 9 

7,952 1,467 1,364 1,218 1,039 873 1,021 633 244 93 

761 282 84 67 76 46 98 74 21 13 

3,122 867 699 520 315 232 252 152 70 15 

1,225 145 228 239 199 151 123 85 40 15 

829 78 lo4 159 155 116 117 65 26 9 

1,006 75 153 130 155 152 178 116 33 14 

471 15 65 64 59 68 105 59 21 15 

283 3 16 22 43 52 78 46 18 5 

255 2 15 17 37 56 70 36 15 7 
----------------------

----------------------

------------------------

------------------

1

2

3

4 ------

5

6

------------------------

----------------------

----------------------

Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 251 

TABLE2. DEATSS UNDE8 28 DAYS, BY BIRTS WEIGST, AG3, RACE, AND SE& UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950-Con. 

(See headnote on p. 250) 

BISTE WEIGHT (IN GSAMS ) 

RUE, AGE, AND SEX 

WHI!CE-Continued 

Female 

Under 1 hour 

1-23 hours 

1 day----------------------------- 

2 days---------------------------- 

3-6 days-------------------------- 

7-13 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

NONWEITTil 

Under 1 hour---------------------- 

1-23 hours------------------------ 

day----------------------------- 

days---------------------------- 

days---------------------------- 

da-~ --------------------- 

days---------------------------- 

days---------------------------- 

7-L3 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

Male 

Under 1 hour---------------------- 

1-23 hours------------------------ 

1 day----------------------------- 

2 days---------------------------- 

3-6 days-------------------------- 

7-13 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

Female 

Under 1 hour 

1-23 hours------------------------ 

1 day----------------------------- 

2 days---------------------------- 

3-6 days-------------------------- 

7-13 days------------------------- 

14-20 days------------------------ 

21-27 days------------------------ 

Total 1,000 L,OOl- 1,501- 2,oQl- ?,501- 5,001- 5,501- L,ool- 4,501 

or 

1:s 1,500 2,000 2,500 5>000 5,500 L,ooo k,500 more 

5,569 1,350 929 758 654 655 682 349 130 62 

642 224 90 74 60 67 74 32 13 8 

2,13C 761 409 293 188 171 162 94 42 10 

815 158 144 139 1X5 77 98 56 18 12 

559 92 76 91 84 80 73 39 17 7 

68C 84 1L3 70 99 109 1L5 58 22 10 

363 18 64 55 60 61 78 25 14 8 

211 11 22 21 28 55 39 28 2 5 

149 2 11 15 22 35 43 17 2 2 

3,220 607 508 427 385 384 409 298 109 93 

2s8 92 42 24 17 33 35 26 6 1.?! 

1,153 348 224 151 129 86 97 67 24 27 

430 65 80 67 46 45 47 44 18 18 

275 39 42 33 28 35 48 27 16 7 

181 21 18 23 20 34 28 26 9 2 

120 L3 8 14 25 16 19 1.7 4 4 

94 9 M 13 18 14 8 12 1 4 

79 8 5 12 14 12 8 14 2 4 

287 7 43 46 38 50 41 38 14 10 

164 5 M 25 35 31 41 17 8 3 

129 12 19 15 28 37 10 7 1 

1,799 334 244 240 206 223 231 190 68 63 

159 55 23 10 9 22 14 17 3 6 

653 202 110 93 76 49 55 39 X4 15 

245 27 34 36 31 29 26 32 16 14 

164 21 25 10 17 23 36 16 10 6 

265 28 23 34 37 37 40 45 10 11 

149 1 20 28 14 28 20 22 8 8 

95 8 1.3 15 la 21 11 6 2 

69 1 16 7 16 19 8 1 1 

1,421 273 264 187 179 161 178 108 41 30 

129 37 19 14 8 11 21 9 3 7 

500 146 114 58 53 37 42 28 10 12 

185 38 46 31 15 16 21 12 2 4 

111 18 17 23 11 12 12 11 6 1 

209 23 23 28 40 39 23 24 6 3 

138 6 23 18 24 22 21 16 6 2 

89 5 11 12 20 12 20 6 2 1 

60 11 3 8 L2 18 2 6 
-------

----------------

----------------

----------

--------------

--------------

----------

252 VITAL STATISTICS- SPECIAL REPORTS 

TA2~ 3. MORTALITT BA!iXSAT SPECIF12fll AC63SUNDES 28 DAYS,BY BIRTH WEIGST, RACE,AND SEX: UNI’IWDSTM31S, JANUmY 1 TO wcfl 31, 1950 

(Based on deaths among children born Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Rates per 1,000 childreni’neach specified group alive at the beginning of each age interval. Birth weights not stated are distributed. Excludes data for Mm sachusetts. Two dGts (..) indicate 

rate not computed where the number of births is less than 100 end the ntiber of deaths 16 less than 20) 

BIRTB WEIGST (IN GIAMS) 

R4CE, AGE, AND SEX Total 1,000 1,001- L,501- 2,001- 2,501- 5,001- 3,501- 4,001- 4,501 3,001- 2,s00 z,501 

Cr or or m 

less 1,500 :,000 ?,500 3,000 $,500 4,000 4,500 4,500 more less nore 

ALL F.AcEs 20.0 871.7 551.3 211.C 50.4 12.6 6.7 5.6 7.5 14.2 6.4 173.7 7.8 

Under 1 day------------- 9.7 655.3 304.7 99.1 19.0 4.2 2.3 2.0 2.7 4.9 2.2 97.9 2.7 

Under 1,hour---------- 2.0 152.2 42.5 14.5 3.7 140 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.9 0.6 18.4 0.7 

1-23 hours------------ 7.7 593.4 273.8 85.9 15.4 3.2 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.0 1.6 81.1 1.9 

1 day------------------- 3.0 271.8 127.9 43.4 9.6 1.8 0.9 0.8 1.2 2.6 0.9 29.2 1.1 

2 days------------------ 2.0 212.0 72.1 26.E 6.7 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.7 1s.2 0.9 

3-6 days---------------- 2.6 270.3 109.1 27.5 .9.3 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 21.0 1.4 

3 days---------------- 1.1 114.5 40.6 12.7 3.7 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 S.9 0.6 

4 days---------------- 0.6 69.8 23.0 7.C 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 4.7 0.3 

5 days---------------- 0.5 67.2 29.5 5.1 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 4.5 0.2 6 days---------------- 0.4 50.3 20.8 2.9 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 3.1 0.2 , 7-13 daye--------------- 1.4 70.5 67.5 17.E 4.0 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.9 0.7 10.3 0.8 14-20 days-------------- 0.8 36.1 24.0 7.5 2.7 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 4.9 0.6 21-27 days-------------- 0.6 7.9 16.4 5.6 1.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 3~3 0.5 

Male 22.7 S94.2 621.8 2S5.C 67.4 16.6 8.1 6.4 7.7 13.7 7.4 21.3.9 9.1 

Under i day------------- 10.9 698.1 354.2 125.4 25.S 5.3 2.7 2.2 2.7 4.3 2.5 122.1 3.0 

Under 1 hour---------- 2.1 167.3 41.4 14.C 4.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.7 0.7 21.2 0.8 ~~ 

1-23 hours------------ 8.8 637.4 326.3 113.c 21.3 4.3 2.0 1.5 2.1 2.6 1.6 103.1 2.2 

1 day------------------- 3.5 282.9 156.9 S7.2 12.8 2.7 1.0 0.9 1.4 2.6 1.0 37.4 1.3 

2 days------------------ 2.3 227.1 91.6 37.3 9.7 2.1 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.8 23.6 1.1 

3-6 days 3.0 305.6 137.6 37.6 10.9 2.9 1.4 1.3 1.1 2.2 1.3 26.9 1.6 

7-13 dayfi---— 1.5 68.4 77.1 21.9 4.2 1.5 0.8 0.s 0.7 2.0 0.7 11.6 0.9 

14-20 days-------------- 0.9 13.8 23.6 8.5 3.3 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 5.3 0.6 

21-27 day6-------------- 0.8 9.3 1s.1 8.1 2.5 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 4.2 0.6 

Female-------------- 17.1 848.0 478.2 160.5 36.6 9.5 5.3 4.6 7.2 15.1 5.3 138.9 6.4 

Under 1 day------------- 8.3 610.2 253.3 74.6 13.6 3.3 1.9 1.6 2.9 S.1 1.9 77.1 2.3 

Under 1 hour---------- 1.9 138.4 43.7 14.9 3.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.7 2.5 0.5 15.9 0.7 

1-23 hours ----------- 6.5 548.7 219.2 60.5 10.6 2.4 1.3 1.2 2.2 3.6 1.3 62.1 1.s 

1 day------------------- 2.5 262.7 102.0 31.2 5.7 1.1 0.7 0.7 O.e 2.6 0.7 22.4 0.8 

2 days------------------ 1.7 200.0 55.6 21.6 4.3 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.3 0.6 13.8 0’.7 

3-6 days-- 2.2 243.2 86.1 19.0 6.2 1.7 0.9 0.8 1.2 2.2 0.9 16.3 1.1 

7-J.3days--------------- 1.3 72.1 60.2 14.4 3.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.7 0.6 9.3 0.7 

14-20 days-------------- 0.7 51.8 24.3 6.6 2.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 4.5 0.5 

21-27 days-------------- 0.5 6.8 16.6 3.6 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.5 0.4 

WSITE------------- 18.9 883.3 562.1 214.6 50.6 12.0 6.2 5.0 S.7 12.0 5.8 175.8 7.1 

Under 1 day------------- 9.3 669.2 314.3 103.6 19.1 4.1 2.1 1.8 2.6 3.6 2.1 100.3 2.5 

Under 1 hour---------- 2.0 158.7 42.7 15.3 4.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 ! 1.6 0.6 19.2 0.7 

1-23 hours------------ 7.3 60s.8 2S3.7 89.7 15.1 3.2 1.5 1.2 2.,0 1.9 1.5 82.7 1.8 

1 day------------------- 2.9 287.2 133.o 45.8 9.5 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.0 2.1 0.8 30.4 1.0 ‘“ 

2 days------------------ 2.0 226.1 74.2 31.8 7.4 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.6 19.3 0.8 

3-6 days---------------- 2.4 273.2 118.5 26.2 7.9 2.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 20.6 1.2 

3 days---------------- 1.1 116.8 43.7 12.9 3.9 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.4 9.2 0.5 

4 days---------------- 0.6 68.1 25.6 6.9 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 4.5 0.3 

5 days---------------- 0.5 71.0 30.6 4.7 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.2 0.2 

6 days---------------- 0.3 49.4 24.2 2.0 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.9 0.1 

7-13 days--------------- 1.2 78.0 65.2 16.0 3.7 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.6 9.6 0.7 

14-20 dr.ys 0.7 35.9 20.5 5.9 2.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.4 4.0 0.5 

21-27 day6-------------- 0.6 10.6 14.3 4.4 1.9 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3 2.9 0.4 

Male---------------- 21.6 905.0 643.1 271.9 69.1 15.9 7.6 5.6 6.9 10.8 6.7 218.8 8.3 

Under 1 day------------- 10.5 708.8 369.2 131.0 26.0 5.1 2.6 2.0 2.6 3.2 2.4 125.1 2.8 

Under 1 hour 2.1 174.0 39.6 15.0 5.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.5 0.7 21.9 0.7 

1-23 hours------------ 8.5 647.5 343.2 117.8 21.1 4.2 1.9 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.7 105.6 2.1 

1 day------------------- 3.4 307.2 170.4 61.4 13.s 2.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.7 0.9 39.9 1.2 

2 days------------------ 2.3 238.5 93.7 43.5 10.7 2.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.7 25.4 1.0 

3-6 days---------------- 2.8 301.2 152.1 37.2 10.8 2.8 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.2 26.9 1.4 

7-13 aay6--------------- 1.3 8S.2 7S.2 19.0 4.2 1.3 0.s 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.7 11.0 0.8 

14-20 day8-------------- 0.8 18.9 20.3 6.7 3.1 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.6 0.6 

21-27 days-------------- 0.7 12.8 19.4 5.2 2.6 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.4 3.9 0.5 
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Vol. 39, No: 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 253 

TABLE3. MORTALITYRA!lXSAT SFECEZCEDAQK3 UNITES28 DAY6. BY BIRTE WEIGET.RACE. AND SEX: UNITFJIS9W133S, . JANUARY1 TO MARCH 31, 1950—Continued ‘ “ - 

(Seeheadnote on p. 252) 

BISTE WEIGHT (IN GBAM6) 

BACE, AGE, AND SEX Total 1,00C 1,oo1- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501- 3,001- 5,501- 4,001- 4,501 3,001- 2,500 ?,501 

or or or or 

less 1,500 Z,000 2,500 5,000 3,500 L,ooo 4,500 4,500 more less more

W2mE-con. 

I’emale 16.0 861.0 474.5 160.4 35.5 9.1 4.9 4.1 6.4 14.7 4.7 138.4 5.8 

Under 1 day-------------

Under 1 hour 

7.9 

1.8 

626.2 

142.9 

254.S 

46.C 

77.7 

15.7 

13.5 

3.3 

3.s 

0.$ 1.7 

0,5 

1.5 

0.4 

2.i 4.3 

0.( 1.9 

1.7 

0.5 

78.7 

16,8 

2.1 

0.6 

1-23 hours 6.1 566.2 219.C 63.0 10.2 2.4 1.2 1.1 2..1 2.4 1.2 62.9 1.5 

1 day------------------- 2.4 271.0 98.7 31.9 6.2 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.$ 2.9 0.7 22.5 0.8 

2 days 1.6 216.5 57.E 21.6 4.6 1.1 0.5 0.5 O.t 1.7 0.5 14.3 0.7 

3-6 days 2.0 252.3 91.2 17.0 5.5 1.5 0.8 0.7 1.1 2.4 O.E 15.5 1.0 

7-2.3dpy6--------------- 1.1 72.3 56..S 13.6 3.4 0.9 0.6 0.3 O.i 1.9 o.~ 8.4 0.6 

14-20 dayx+------------- 0.6 47.6 20.7 5.2 1.6 O.E 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.3 3.5 0.4 

21-27 days 0.4 9.1 10.6 3.6 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 2.2 0.3 

I’foNwHIm ---------- 26.7 821.4 507.0 1.95.7 49.5 1.5.4 9.7 10.5 12.5 20.2 10.3 164.7 11.9 

Under 1 day------------- 11.9 595.4 265.5 60.2 18.8 4.8 3.1 3.3 3.4 8.7 3.2 87.8 3.6 

Under 1 hour 2.4 124.5 41.9 11.0 2.2 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 2.8 0.8 1.5.o 1.0 

1-23 hours 9.6 537.9 233.3 70.0 16.6 3.5 2.3 2.4 2.7 5.9 2.4 73.9 2.8 

1 day------------------- 3.6 217.4 10s.7 33.4 6.0 1.8 1.1 1.6 2:1 3.9 1.4 24.2 1.6 

2 days 2.3 166.7 64.0 17.0 3.7 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.s 1.5 1.2 13.6 1.2 

3-6 days 4.0 261.5 74.9 32.5 10.2 3.1 1.5 2.4 3.’.E 3.1 1.9 23.0 2.2 

3 days 1.5 107.7 29.3 12.1 2.6 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.C 0.4 0.8 8.0 0.9 

4 days 1.0 74.7 13.4 7.4 3.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 5.9 0.6 

5 days 0.8 55.9 25.5 7.0 2.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9 0.3 5.4 0.4 

6 days 0.7 52.6 8.7 6.5 1.9 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.3 3.9 0.4 

7-13 days 2.4 48.6 75.7 24.9 5.1 2.0 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.2 1.2 13.3 1.4 

14-20 days 1.6 36.5 36.2 1.3.9 4.7 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 8.5 0.9 

21-27 de.ys 1.1 0 23.7 10.7 2.0 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.7 4.7 0.8 

Male 29.4 849.9 524.7 235.1 60.0 19.9 10.9 12.2 X5.1 23.1 11.7 192.8 13.9 

Under 1 day------------- 13.3 653.9 286.0 100.9 24.8 6.3 3.3 3.6 3.3 7.7 3.4 108.8 4.2 

Under 1 hour 2.6 139.9 49.5 9.8 2.6 2.0 0.7 1.1 0.6 2.2 0.8 18.3 1.1 

1-23 hours 10.7 597.6 248.7 92.0 22.2 4.4 2.6 2.5 2.7 5.5 2.6 92.2 3.1 

1 day------------------- 4.1 198.5 102.4 39.2 9.3 2.6 1.2 2.1 3.1 5.2 1.8 27.0 2.1 

2 days 2.7 192.7 83.9 11.3 5.1 2.1 1.7 1.0 1.9 2.2 1.5 15.8 1.6 

3-6 days 4.4 318.2 84.2 39.0 11.2 3.3 1.9 2.9 1.9 4.1 2.3 26.9 2.6 

7-13 days 2.s .. 80.0 33.4 4.3 2.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 3.0 1.2 14.3 1.6 

14-20 dayS 1.6 0 34.8 16.0 4.6 1.7 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.9 8.3 1.1 

21-27 days 1.2 0 4.5 20.1 2.2 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.7 5.6 0.8 

Femle 23.9 789.0 491.6 161,1 41.2 11.8 8.4 8.4 11.4 16.0 8.7 141.3 9.7 

Under 1 day------------- 10.6 526.9 247.7 62.0 14.0 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.6 10.1 3.0 70.3 3.4 

Under 1 hour 2.2 106.9 35.4 12.1 1.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 3.7 0.9 12.2 1.0 

1-23 hours 8.4 472.5 220.1 50.5 12.2 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.8 6.4 2.1 58.8 2.4 

1 day------------------- 3.1 233.1 113.9 28.5 3.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.6 2.2 0.9 21.9 1.0 

2 days 1.9 144.0 47.5 21.7 2.6 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.7 0.5 0.6 11.9 0.8 

3-6 days 3.6 215.0 67.4 27.1 9.4 2.9 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 19.9 1.6 

7-13 days 2.4 .. 72.3 17.9 5.7 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.1 1.2 12.6 1.3 

14-20 days-------------- 1.5 .. 37.3 12.1 4.8 0:9 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 8.6 0.6 

21-27 clays 1.0 0 38.7 3.1 1.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 1.7 0 0.7 8.6 0.7 

777-457 0 -65-5 
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254 wTAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TABLE 4. DEATES UNDER 28 DAYS AMONG HOSPITAL BIRTHS BY BIRTH WEIGHT, AGE, AND RACE: UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Includee deaths among children born in hospitel~ Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950, regfirdlessof where the death occurred. 

Birth weights not stated are distributed. Exoludes data for Massachusetts) 

RACE AND AGE 

ALL RACES----------------------

Under 1 hour------------------------------- 

1-23 houre--------------------------------- 1 ~y-------------------------------------- 

2 dsya-------------------------------------

3 days-------------------------------------

4 days 

5 days-------------------------------------

6 days 

7-13 days----------------------------------

14-20 &yS---------------------------------

21-27 dSyE---------------------------------

White 

Under 1 hour------------------------------- 

1-23 hours--------------------------------- 1 &y-------------------------------------- 

2 deya------------------------------------- 

3 days-------------------------------------

4 days-------------------------------------

5 days-------------------------------------

6 &yS-------------------------------------

7-M days 

14-20 &yS---------------------------------

21-27 &yB---------------------------------

Nonwhite--------------------------- 

Under 1 hour-------------------------------

1-23 hours---------------------------------

1 day--------------------------------------

2 days 

3 days-------------------------------------

4 dada-------------------------------------

5 days 

6 dZtyS 

7-13 days----------------------------------

14-20 I@W---------------------------------

21-27 AYE---------------------------------

BIRTH WEIGHT (~ GRA?6) 

Total 1,000 1,001- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501- 3,001- 4,501 

or or 

less 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,500 more 

13,821 3,083 2,393 2,038 1,657 1,530 2,990 130 

- 

1,395 532 164 144 US 119 301 23 

5,5L5 1,810 1,147 822 486 400 818 32 

2,099 320 391 399 307 237 423 22 

1,424 188 201 250 240 198 342 5 

743 70 105 103 1.22 125 21.2 6 

408 43 53 55 59 71 122 5 

309 38 73 27 48 35 83 5 

211 26 45 19 34 25 59 3 

840 36 144 135 118 “133 259 L5 

489 17 41 50 77 94 202 8 

388 3 29 34 54 93 169 6 

11,990 2,602 2,064 1,803 1,448 1,337 2,635 101 

1,232 456 146 132 107 102 273 16 

4,761 1,529 998 742 415 353 706 18 

1,844 273 343 354 276 209 368 21 

1,267 156 170 229 225 184 298 5 

652 56 90 90 115 110 186 5 

353 31 49 50 42 64 113 4 

268 34 61 24 35 33 78 3 

176 21 44 15 26 15 53 2 

715 31 1X3 106 101 111 238 1.5 

392 12 31 36 56 79 172 6 

330 3 19 25 50 77 150 6 

1,831 481 329 235 209 193 355 29 

163 76 18 12 5 17 28 7 

754 281 149 80 71 47 112 14 

255 47 48 45 31 28 55 1 

157 32 31 21 15 14 44 

91 14 15 13 7 1.5 26 1 

55 12 4 5 17 7 9 1 

41 4 Ii? ~ 13 2 5 2 

35 5 1 4 0 10 6 1 

125 5 31 25 17 22 21 

97 5 10 14 21 15 30 2 

58 10 s 4 16 19 
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Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 255 

!cABm 5. MORTALITY BA!HiSAT SPECIHED AGES UNDER 28 DAYS AMONG HOSPITAL BIRTHS,BY BIRTH WEIGRTfO!DRACE: UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Based on deaths among children born in hospitals Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950, regardless of where the death occurred. 

Rates ‘per1,000 children h each specified group alive at the begbntig d each age interval. Birth weights not stat. 

ed are distributed. Excludes data for Massachusetts. ‘IWOdots (..) indicate rate not computed where the mmber of 

births is less than 100 and the number of dea’thdis less than 20) 

BISTH WEIGE2 (~ w), 

RACE AND AGE Total 1,000 

Am RACES 

Under 1 day--------------------------- 

Under 1 hour-----------= ----------- 

1-23 hours-------------------------- 1 &y--------------------------------- 

2 days-------------------------------- 

3-6 dS,yS 

3 days------------------------------ 

4 days------------------------------ 

5 &yS------------------------------ 

6 days 

7-13 days----------------------------- 

14-20 &yS---------------------------- 

21-27 &y.9---------------------------- 

White 

Under 1 day--------------------------- 

Under 1 hour 

1-23 hours -------------------------- 

1 &y--------------------------------- 

2 days-------------------------------- 

3-6 dE!yS 

3 days ------------------------------ 

4 says------------------------------ 

5 days------------------------------ 

6 dS3%------------------------------ 

7-13 days----------------------------- 

14-20 &yS---------------------------- 

21-27 &yS 

Nonwhite 

Under 1 day--------------------------- 

Under 1 hour 

1-23 hours-------------------------- 

1 day--------------------------------- 

2 dzlys 

3-6 days 

3 days------------------------------ 

4 days------------------------------ 

5 days 

6 dEiyS 

7-13 days 

14-20 &yS---------------------------- 

21-27 &yS---------------------------- 

or L, 001- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501- 3,001- 4,501 ?,50C :,501 

or or or 

less !,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 &,500 more Less lore 

19.1. 882.4 549.5 203.7 45.7 IL 2 5.7 13.0 L69.: 6.9 

9.5 670.3 301.0 96.5 16.5 3.8 2.1 5.5 96.4 2.5 

1.9 152.3 37.7 14.4 3.1 0.9 0.6 2.3 17.6 0.7 

7.6 611.1 273.7 83.3 13.5 2.9 1.6 3.2 80.2 L 9 

2.9 277.8 X2.8.4 44.1 8.6 1.7 0.8 2.2 29.C 1.0 

2.0 226.0 75.8 2s.9 6.8 1.5 0.7 0.5 18.5 0.8 

2.3 274.S 112.6 24.3 7.5 1.9 0.9 1.9 19.e 1.1 

1.0 108.7 42.8 12.3 3.5 0.9 0.4 0.6 8.6 0.5 

0.6 74.9 22.6 6.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 4,5 0.3 

0.4 71.6 31.e 3.3 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 4.c 0.2 

0.3 52.7 20.3 2.3 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 2.7 0.1 

1.2 77.1 66.2 16.5 3.4 Lo 0.5 1.5 9.5 0.6 

0.7 39.4 20.2 6.2 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.8 4.1 0.5 

Q.5 7.2 14.6 4.2 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.6 2.7 0.4 

18.2 890.8 558.1 21.1.5 46.7 IL 2 5.4 10.8 :71.6 6.7 

9.1 679.6 309.4 102.5 16.8 3.8 2.0 3.6 98.1 2.4 

1.9 156.1 39.5 15.5 3.5 0.9 0.6 1.7 18.2 0.6 

7.2 620.3 20L o 88.4 13.4 3.0 1.5 1.9 81.3 1.8 

2.8 291.7 134.3 46.3 9.1 1.8 0.8 2.2 29.9 1.0 

1.9 235.3 76.9 31.4 7.5 1.6 0,6 0.5 19.3 0.8 

2.2 280.1 119.5 25.3 7.3 1.9 0.9 L 5 19.8 1..1 

1,0 110.5 44.1 12.7 3.8 0.9 0.4 0.5 8.9 0.5 

0.5 68.7 25.1 7.2 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 4.4 0.3 

0.4 81.0 32.1 3.5 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 3.9 0.2 

0.3 54.4 23.9 2.2 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 2.7 0.1 

1.1 84.9 62.9 15.4 3.4 0.9 0.5 1.6 9.0 0.6 

0.6 35.9 18.4 5.3 1:9 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.5 0.4 

0.5 9.3 11.5 3.7 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 2.5 0.4 

27.4 039.4 500.8 158.5 39.8 IL 2 8.7 44.1 .57.5 9.s 

13.7 623.0 254.2 62.0 14.5 3.7 3.4 32.0 86.9 3.8 

2.4 132.6 27.4 8.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 10.7 13.9 0.9 

U. 3 565.4 233.2 54.4 13.5 2.7 2.7 21.5 74.0 2.9 

3.9 217.6 98.0 32.4 6.0 1.6 1.3 1..6 23.5 1.4 

2.4 189.3 70.1 15.6 2.9 0.8 L 1 0 3.3.9 1.0 

3.4 255.5 77.9 18.9 8.8 2.0 1.1 7.9 19.6 1.5 

1.4 102.2 36.5 9.8 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.6 7.0 0.7 

0.8 97.6 10.1 3.8 3.3 0.4 0.2 1.6 5.5 0.3 

0.6 36.0 30.6 2.3 2.5 0.1 0.1 3.2 4.6 0.2 

0.5 46.7 2.6 3.1. 1.6 0.6 0.1 1..6 2.6 0.3 

1.9 49.0 S1.s 22.3 3.3 1.3 0.5 0 11.9 0.7 

1.5 .. 28.7 11.0 4.1 0.9 0.7 3.2 7.4 0.8 

0.9 0 29.6 7.2 0.8 0.9 0.5 0 3.4 0.6 
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256 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TABLE 6. “DEATHSUNDER 28 DAYS BY BIRTH WEIGET, AGE, RACE, AND PJJJWLITY OF BIRTEh UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 TO M.!SCH31, 1950 

(Includes deaths among children born Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Btith weights nut stated are distributed. Ekcludes tits 

for Massachusetts) 

BIRTH WEIGHT (~ G2AM6) 

RACE AND AGE Total 1,000 1,001- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501- 3,001- 4,501 ~ or 

less 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,500 more 

DEATHS AMONGSINGLE BIRTHS 

------7 15,049 2,S27 2,321 2,048 1,913 1,855 3,537 248 

Under 1 hour--------------------------------- 1,522 490 185 155 143 140 375 34 

1-23 hems ----------------------------------- 5,632 1,603 1,113 840 593 481 950 52 

1 day---------------------------------------- 2,209 306 362 378 332 262 524 45 

2 days--------------------------------------- 1,520 187 183 236 244 222 425 23 

3-6 &yE------------------------------------- 1,977 185 260 210 297 327 660 3s 

7-27 deya------------------------------------ 2,189 56 218 229 304 423 903 56 

White 12,1s3 2,315 1,902 1,716 1,568 1,492 3,035 155 

Under 1 hour--------------------------------- 1,275 415 153 135 130 111 310 21 

1-23 hours----------------------------------- 4,625 1,320 925 717 474 399 765 25 

1 day---------------------------------------- 1,S27 250 29S 326 292 217 417 27 

2 days--------------------------------------- 1,264 148 149 211 217, 18S 335 16 

3-6 &yS------------------------------------- 1,543 136 218 164 227 257 517 24 

7-27 dada------------------------------------ 1,649 46 159 163 22s 320 691 42 

Nonvhitc+----------------------------- 2,866 512 419 332 345 363 802 93 

Under 1 hour--------------------------------- 247 75 32 20 13 29 65 13 

1-23 hours----------------------------------- 1,007 283 188 123 119 82 185 27 

1 day---------------------------------------- 382 56 64 52 40 45 107 18 2 days---------------------------------------

3-6 &yS-------------------------------------

256 

434 

39 

49 

34 

42 

25 

46 

27 

70 

34 

70 

90 

143 

7 

14 7-27 dada------------------------------------ 540 10 59 66 76 103 212 14 

ALL RACES 

DEATHS AMONG BIRTES IN PLUML SETS. 

1-23 hours-----------------------------------

1 day----------------------------------------

2 days---------------------------------------

3-6 has-------------------------------------

7-27 d.Sj%J 

White 

Under 1 hour---------------------------------

1-23 hours-----------------------------------

1 day----------------------------------------

773 373 219 

261 62 90 

143 22 39 

183 25 .52 

163 7 49 

1,338 502 391 

128 91 21 

627 308 183 1213 53 74 

124 

67 

47 

52 

55 

260 

6 

96 

52 

39 

26 

23 

34 

33 

1.25 

6 

29 

20 

8 

11 

9 

10 

13 

36 

2 

4 

11 

10 

5 

3 

10 

6 

24 

2 

7 

3 

-, 

2 days--------------------------------------- 124 22 31 39 22 8 2 

3-6 days 143 23 48 36 27 4 5 

7-27 dflyS ------------------------------------ 103 5 34 31 21 7 5 

Nonwhite----------------------------- 354 95 89 95 40 21 14 

Under 1 hour 41 17 10 4 4 4 2 

1-23 hours----------------------------------- 146 65 36 28 10 4 3 

1 day---------------------------------------- “48 9 16 15 6 2 

2 days--------------------------------------- 19 8 8 1 1 1 

3-6 d.9JW 40 2 4 16 7 6 5 

7-27 &tyS 60 2 15 24 12 6 1 

AIL RACES 1,692 597 480 355 165 57 38 

Under 1 hour--------------------------------- 169 108 31 10 10 6 4 
. .. . .

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Vol. 39, IJo.6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 257. 

TABm 7. MOIUX7.J’!X RATES AT SPECIKC3DAGES UNDE2 28 DAYS, BY BIRl!2WZIGHT,RACE, AND PLUWJZY OF BIIS!IEUNITEO STATES, 

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Easedon deaths among childrenborn Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. &tes per 1,000 childrenin each specified group allve at the 

begiming of each age interval. Birth weights not stated are distributed. Exclude6 data fcm Massachusetts. THO dots (.. ) indicaterate not computedwhere the number of births is less than 100 and the number of deatha is less than 20) 

II 

II Bxms H2msT (IU GRAm) 

RACE AND AGE Total 1,000 1,001- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501- 3,001- 4,501 2,500 2,501 

or or m less 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,0G0 4,500 ~o& less more . .. . .-,, . . .. ., 

RAT!E8 A1.DIiG SINGLE BISTiiS 

ALL RACES-------— 18.3 871.7 562.3 228.9 52.8 1.2.6 6.4 14.2 173.4 7.7 

Under 1 day-------------------------- 8.7 645.4 314.4 11.1.2 20.3 4.2 2.2 4.9 97.5 2.6 

Under 1 hour 1.9 1.31.1 44.8 17.3 3.9 1.0 0.6 1.9 18.5 0.7 

1-23 home 6.9 582.3 282.3 95.6 16.4 3.3 1.6 3.0 80.5 1.9 1 *Y-------------------------------- 2.7 266.1 1.27.9 47.5 9.4 1.8 ().: 2.6 29.1 1.1 

2 days 1.9 221.6 74.1 31.2 6.9 1.5 0.7 1.3 1s.5 0.9 

3-6 dE!yS 2.4 2S1.6 U.3.8 28.6 8.5 2.2 1.1 2.2 21.1 1.3 

7-27 days 2.7 118.6 107.7 32.1 8.8 2.9 1.s 3.2 18.2 1.8 

17.3 880.2 575.0 238.4 53.5 12.2 5.8 1.2.1 176.7 7.1 

Under 1 day-------------------------- 8.4 659.7 325.9 118.3 20.6 4.2 2.0 3.6 100.5 2.5 

Under 1 hour 1.13 157.S 46.3 18.8 4.4 0.9 0.6 1.6 19.6 0.7 

1-23 hours 6.6 595.9 293.2 101.5 16.2 3.3 1.5 1.9 82.5 1.s 1 &y-------------------------------- 2.6 279.3 1.33.6 51.4 10.2 1.8 0.8 2.1 30.5 1.0 

2 days 1.8 229.5 77.1 35.0 7.6 1.5 0.6 1.3 19.6 0.8 

3-6 &yS--------------------------—- 2.2 273.6 1.22.3 2s.2 8.0 2.1 1.0 1.9 20.5 1.2 

7-27 &yS---------------------------- 2.4 1.27.4 101.6 28.9 8.1 . 2.6 1.3 3.3 16.8 1.6 

Nonwhite 24.4 S35.2 51.I..O 1s0.0 50.0 1.5.1 10.2 20.3 3.59.5 IL 7 

Under 1 day-------------------------- 10.7 524.0 268.3, 81.9 19.1 4.6 3.2 8.7 84.6 3.7 

Under 1 hour 2.1 122.3 39.0 IJ..4 1.9 1.2 0.8 2.8 1.3.9 1.0 

1-23 hours 8.6 526.0 238.6 71.2 17.3 3.4 2.3 5.9 71.7 2.7 

1 day-------------------------------- 3.3 219.6 106.7 32.4 5.9 1.9 1.4 4.0 23.0 1.6 

: days 2.2 196.0 63.4 16.1 4.0 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.3.9 1.2 

3-6 tiyfi 3.7 30,6.3 63.7 30.1 10.4 2.9 1.s 3.1 23.3 2.3. 

7-27 days 4.7 90.1 1.28.3 44.6 1.1.5 4.3 2.7 3.1 24.3 3.1 

RA’E+SAMONGBIRTSSDi PIDFAL SETS 

ALL RACES 98.6 871.S 503.7 14s.4 32.9 U..3 12.7 o 175.6 D..8 

Under 1 day------------------------ 54.9 702.2 262.3 54.9 9.8 2.8 4.7 0 100.5 3.5 

Under 1 hour 9.8 167.7 32.S 4.1 2.0 1.2 1.3 0 17.s 1.2 

1-23 hours 45.5 646.4 237.5 51.0 7.8 1.6 3.3 0 84.5 2.Z 

1 day------------------------------ 16.1 303.9 1.28.O 29.0 5.2 2.2 1.7 0 29.9 2.0 

2 days 1.34.9 63.6 21.0 4.7 1.8 1.0 0 16,5 1.5 

3-6 d9JW 1?:: 208.,3 90.6 23.7 6.9 2.0 3.4 0 20.9 2.5 

7-27 dtlj%------------------------- 10.4 .. 93.9 25.7 6.8 2.6 2.0 0 18.8 2.4 

White 94.4 898.0 507.1 129.5 30.2 8.5 9.8 0 171.0 9.0 

Under 1 day------------------------ 53.3 713.8 264.6 50.8 8.5 1.4 3.7 0 99.0 2.2 

Under 1 how--------------------- 9.0 162.S 27.2 3.0 1.4 0.5 0.8 0 16.6 0.6 

1-23 hours 44.7 65s.1 244.0 4s.0 7.0 0.9 2.9 0 S3.8 1.6 

1 day------------------------------ 1.5.9 331.3 130.s 27.3 4.9 2.6 1.2 0 29.5 2.1 

2 days 9.4 205.6 62.9 21.0 5.4 1.9 0.8 0 17.4 1.5 

3-6 days 10.9 .. 103.9 19.8 6.6 0.9 2.1 0 20.9 1.4 

7-27 dJ3y8-------------------------- 8.0 .. 82.1 17.4 5.2 L7 2.1 0 14.5 1.8 

Nonwhite 11s.0 754.0 489.0 218.4 4S.6 25.8 25.1 0 196.9 25.3 

Under 1 day------------------------ 62.3 650.8 252.7 73.6 16.0 9.8 9.0 0 107.4 9.4 

Under 1 hour 13.7 3.34.9 S4.9 9.2 4.6 4.9 3.6 0 21.6 4.3 

1-23 hours 49.3 596.3 209.3 6S.0 11.5 4.9 5.4 0 87.7 5,1 

1 day------------------------------ 17.1 .. 117.6 37.2 7.0 0 3.6 0 3L s 1.5 

2 days 6.9 0 66.7 20.6 1.2 1.2 1.8 0 3.2.1 1.5 

3-6 &yE 14.6 .. 35.7 42.1 8.2 7.5 9.1 0 21.0 8.L 

, 7-27 days 22.2 .. 138.9 65.9 14.1 7.5 1.8 0 39.1 S.2 
---

-------------

--------------

------------

258 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TA81.E8. DEATSSUNDFll28 DAYS FFT3M SEI.JICTED CAUSES,BY BIRI!SWEIGZT,RACE, AND SE% UNI!CEDS!&TlkS, JANUARY 1 TO MARCB 31, 1950 

(Includesdeathsamong childrenborn Jan. 1 toMar. 31, 1950. Birth weights not statedare distributed. Excludesdata for Massachusetts. IWmber6 after causes of death are categorynuubere of the Sixth Revision of the InternationalLists, 1S-48) 

TOTAL BIRCH WEIGBT (IN GPAMS) 

- FACE, SEX, AND CAUSE OF DEA!El 

- - ,001- ,501 L’abu- Ad- 1,000 L, 001- .,501 !, oo1- 1,501 or or lated uatedL leee L,500 :,000 !,500 J,000 ,500 mre 

— 

ALL RACES, BUrflS3XE8----------------All ceuses 16,741 16,741 3,424 2,801 2,403 2,078 1,912 3,875 248 

Congenitalmalformations -----------------------750-7592,lz7 2,125 30 107 208 358 464 916 41 

Certaindiseasesof eerly infancy-----------------76O-776 L3,308 1.3,368 3,365 2,654 2,129 1,540 1,187 2,339 134 

Birth 761 2,712 2,752 479 350 329 277 348 888 81 

Intracranialend spinalinjuryet birth-----------76C 1,1s3 1,211 56 71 124 lso 202 566 42 

Other birth in@ry--------------------------------76l1,529 1,541 423 279 205 127 146 322 39 Postnatalaaphyxiaand atelectaBie------------------7622,983 3,003 476 493 586 314 336 554 24 

Pneumoniaof newborn--------------------------------765 708 714 13 69 89 106 121 284 22 

Diarrheaof newborn---------------------------------7S4143 151 10 27 24 29 61 Other infectionsof newborn---------------------765-76~ 63 57 1 3 I.z 8 10 20 3 

Neonataldisordersariaingfrom maternaltoxemia----765 292 281 57 57 61 40 24 40 z 

Eemolyticdiseaseof newborn (erythroby.astosis 

in,juries ---------------------750, 

)-----77C 530 543 17 32 55 89 125 224 1 

HemorrhagicdiaeaBeof newborn----------------------77l 202 216 1.3 14 27 41 25 94 z 

Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmal.ad,lustment------------772,773672 666 182 148 100 84 53 90 9 Immaturitywith mention of any other subsidiary 

cmdition------------------------------------------774193 199 37 53 60 28 16 4 1 Immaturityunquf$lified------------------------------77~ 4,810 4,786 2,090 1,425 783 329 80 70 9 All other cases -------------------Residual1,306 1,248 29 40 66 179 261 620 53 

ALL RACES, w------------------------All causes 9,751 9,751 1,801 1,608 1,458 1,245 1,096 2,3s7 I-56 

Congenital ----------------------750-7591,178 1,172 50 107 195 246 542 28 

Certaindiseaseeof early infancy-----------------76O-7767,798 7,837 1,77; 1,537 1,311 848 707 1,464 93 

Birth injuries ----------------------760,7611,646 1,687 254 217 203 199 207 562 45 

Intracranialand epinal injuryat birth-----------76O 760 790 40 42 82 llo 126 367 23 

Otier birth in,jury--------------------------------76l886 897 214 175 121 89 81 ,195 22 Poetnatalasphyxiaand atelecteaia------------------7621,828 1,838 256 297 374 318 227 350 16 

pneumoniaof newborn--------------------------------763 396 399 5 31 51 50 70 17s 14 Diarrheaof newborn---------------------------------764 90 92 2 16 11 22 41 Other infectionsof newborn---------------------765-788 30 26 1 6 3 7 6 3 Neonatal disordersarising’from maternaltoxemia----769 171 184 31 30 35 28 17 23 Hemolyticdiseaaeof newborn (cry-throbl.astosie 

malfOrmatiOms---- 

)-----77O 299 302 10 14 30 4s 67 132 1 Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newborn----------------------77l ls4 1.34 9 9 19 26 6 64 1 

Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto eerly infancy, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment------------772,773 380 368 92 80 55 48 26 61 6 Immaturitywit! mention of any other subsidiary 

c0nditi0n------------------------------------------774105 105 16 23 37 16 U z Immaturityunqualified------------------------------776 2,729 2,722 .,104 833 4s5 201 47 45 7 All other causes---------------------------------Reaidual775 742 18 21 40 104 143 381 35 

AIL RACES,FEMALE----------------------A11causes 6,990 6,990 .,623 1,193 945 833 816 L,488 92 

Congenital malfOrmtlOns--------------------------75O-759 949 953 24 57 101 166 218 374 M 

Certaindiseasesof early infancy-----------------76O-7765,510 5,531 .,588 1,117 818 592 480 875 61 

Birth injuries----------------------------------76O, 1,066 1,065 225 133 126 78 141 326 36 

Intracranialand spinal injuryat birth-----------76O 423 421 16 29 42 40 76 199 19 

Other birth injury--------------------------------76l 643 644 209 104 84 38 65 127 17 

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectaaie------------------7621,2-55 1,165 220 196 212 196 129 204 8 Pneumoniaof newborn--------------------------------7fi 

761 

‘ 312 31.5 8 38 38 56 51 116 8 

Dierrheaof newborn---------------------------------764 53 59 8 11 1.3 7 20 

Other infectionsof newbcmn---------------------765-768 33 31 1 2 6 5 3 14 I?ecmataldisordersarisingfrom maternaltoxemia----769 121 117 26 27 26 12 7 17 2 

Hemolytic )-----770 231 241 7 18 25 41 58 92 Eenorrhagicdi6ease of newborn----------------------77l 78 02 4 5 8 ‘J-5 19 30 1 

Ill-defineddiaeaaeapeculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment------------772,773 292 298 90 68 45 36 27 29 3 Imamturit

diseaseof newborn (erythroblastosis 

y with mention of any other eubsidiar~ 

c0ntiti0n------------------------------------------77488 94 21 30 23 12 5 z 1 

Immaturityunqualified------------------------------776 2,081 2,064 986 592 298 128 33 25 z All other causea-T-------------------------------Re8idual531 506 I.1 19 26 75 118 239 18 

See footnoteOn T. 260. 
----------------

Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 259 

TfBLE 8. DEATHS UND2R 28 DAYS FROM SEIZCTF2)CAUSES,BY BISTS W21GID?,RACE, AND =. UNITED STAT2S, 

JANUARY 1 TO M4RCH 31, 1850-Continued 

(See headnote on p. 258) 

m BIR2H W21GRT (IN GRAIS) 

- RACE, SEX, ND CAUSE OF I12A!CH !2abu- l~ooo 1,001- L,501- !,001-:,501- 5,001- 4,501 -1- or or lated less 1,500 ?,000 !,500 5,0Q0 L,500 more 

WHrl!2, BcTH sExE3------------------------All causes 13,521 13,521 1,976 1,693 1,528 3,059 155 

congenitalmalfOrumtlOns--------------------------75o-759 1,930 1,924 29 93 197 325 416 632 32 

Certaindiseasesof early imfancy-----------------76O-776 10,7s3 10,829 2,772 2,179 1,743 1,255 837 1,S40 103 

Birth injuries----------------------------------76O, 761 2,327 2,356 437 317 295 242 276 730 59 

Intracranialand spinalinjury et birth-----------76O 9s9 989 39 56 108 128 162 467 29 

Otherbirth injury--------------------------------76l 1,35s 1,367 398 261 187 114 IJ.4 263 30 

Postmatelasphyriaand atelectasis ------------------762 2,504 2,507 360 401 520 460 296 454 16 

Pmeumoniaof newborn--------------------------------763 503 509 10 55 62 76 63 205 18 

Diarrhea of newborn-.--------------------------------764lo3 106 7 M 18 22 44 

Other infectionsof newborn---------------------765-768 39 36 1 6 7 8 13 1 

Neonataldisor$ersarisingfrom maternaltoxemia----769 246 235 52 51 33 31 28 1 

Hemolyticdisease of newborn (EI@hr0bk3t0BlS )-----77O 496 505 17 29 52 65 G 208 1 

Hemorrhagicdiaeese of newbom----------------------77l 150 1.56 13 .1.1 21 27 20 63 1 

111-FLefinea .iiseeses peculiarto early infancy,

includingnutritionalnmladjustment------------772-773 471 466 148 117 65 58 2s 50 2 

Imma+mmitywith mention of any other subsidiary 

ctitim------------------------------------------774 167 173 32 47 51 23 M 4 1 

3,777 3,780 1,703 1,143 603 230 57 41 3 

All other ceuses---------------------------------Residual 808 768 36 21 36 113 175 3s7 20 

W21’m, w --------------------------------AIL causes 7,952 7,952 1,4s7 1,364 1,218 1,039 873 1,898 93 

--------------------------750-7591,055 1,049 6 42 101 177 216 486 21 

Immaturityunqualified------------------------------776 

Congenitalmalformations 

Certaindiseasesof eerly infancy-----------------76O-7766,411 6,442 1,451 1,309 1,095 796 569 1,163 59 

Birth injuries-.--------------------------------760, 1,420 1,448 233 200 182 175 166 457 35 

Intracramielamd spinalinjury at birth-----------76O 628 646 29 33 70 84 105 297 3.8 

Other birth injury--------------------------------76l 782 S02 204 167 1.12 81 61 160 17 

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectasis /F& 1,575 1,582 194 257 338 2s4 191 299 9 

Pmeumonfaof newborn--------------------------------763 291 296 5 26 35 38 54 lss 10 

Dierrhee of newborn---------------------------------764 66 66 2 8 10 3.7 29 

Other infectionsof newborn---------------------765-768 18 18 4 3 5 5 1 

Neonataldieordersarisingfrom maternaltoxemia----769 141 133 27 23 31 20. 13 17 

Hemolyticdisease of nawbom (erytbroblastosia 

761 

)-----770 2s0 281 10 U 28 47 62 lsl 1 

Hemorrhagicdisease of newbon----------------------77l 91 64 9 6 14 19 2 44 

111-aefineaaiaeasespeculierto early infancy, 

inductingnutritionalmal.adjustment------------772, 773 271. 260 74 67 3s 36 IJ. 36 

Immaturitywith mention of any other eubsidiery 

c0n~tim------------------------------------------774 89 91 M 22 30 ls 10 2 

Im.matwityunqualifieiL------------------------------776 2,169 2,173 8S4 693 388 142 38 25 3 

All other causes---------------------------------Residual 486 461 10 1.3 22 66 66 249 13 

IJ51!CS, FEM41E------------------------------ALl causes 5,569 5,569 1,350 929 758 654 655 1,161 62 

Congenitalmalt%rmationa --------------------------750-759 875 875 23 51 96 148 200 346 11 

Certaindlseeaes, of early imfancy-----------------76O-7764,372 4,3s7 1,321 870 648 459 368 677 44 

Birth injuries----------------------------------760, 807 908 204 1.17 m 67 SLo 273 24 

Intracranialand spinal injury at birth-----------76O 341 343 10 23 38 34 57 170 U 

Other birth injury-------------------------------:76l 566 565 184 84 75 33 53 103 13 

Postnatalasphyxiaantiatelect.asis------------------762 929 925 166 144 182 166 105 155 7 

pneumoniaof newborn-.-----------------:------------763 2L2 213 5 29 27 3s 29 77 8 

Diarrhea of newbom---------------------------------7S4 37 40 5 7 s 5 15 

Other infectionsof newbom---------------------763-76S 21 18 1 4 3’ 8 

Neonatal disordersarisingfrom metemal toxemia----769 105 102 25 26 2; u 6 11 1 

Hemolyticdisease of newborn (erythroblastosis 

761 

)-----770 216 2X 7 1s 23 36 53 87 

Hemorrhagicaieease of newbom----------------------77l 58 62 4 5 7 8 la 19 1 

111-d.efinea aiseasespeculiarto early infency, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment------------772, 773 200 20s 74 50 29 22 I-5 14 2 

Immatu.rfty with mention of any other subsidiary 

c0n&ti0n------------------------------------------774 78 82 17 25 21 U 5 2 1 

Immaturityunqualifie&-----------------------------7761,608 1,607 819 450 215 S8 19 16 

All other cauaes---------------------------------Reai&uaI322 307 6 8 14 47 87 138 7 

See footnoteon p. 260. 
260 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

‘lmm 8. DEATHS UNDES 2.9DAYS FROM SELECTED CAUSES, BY BISTB WEIGE2, RACE, AND S= DNITKO STATES, 

JANUAFZ 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950—Continued 

(See headnote on p. 258) 

TOTAL B~ WEIGHT (LN GRAM5) 

RACE, SEX, AND CAUSE OF DEATH 

!abu- Ad- l,OQC L, 001. .,501- ?,ool- ?,501- 3,001- :,501 

or or .atad juBt.Sdl leBB 1,500 !,000 2,500 3,000 4,500 lore 

NONWEI’ILE, BOTH _---------------------All causes 3,220 3,220 607 50[ 427 385 3S4 816 93 

Congenital m.91f0rmati0nB--------------------------75O-759 197 201 1 12 11 34 48 64 9 

Certain Aiseaeee of early infancy-----------------76O-776 

Birth injuries----------------------------------7SO,76l 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth-----------76O 

Other birth injury--------------------------------76l 

Postnatal aBphyxia and etelecteaia------------------762 

Pneumonia of newborn--------------------------------763 

Diarrhea of newborn---------------------------------784 

Other infections of newborn---------------------765-768 

Neoqatal dieorders eriaing from.maternal toxeuda----769 

Eemol.y+,ic di6eaae of newborn (erythrobl.astoai~ )-----77O 

Hemorrhagic diseaae of newborn----------------------77l 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional mal.adjustment------------772,773 

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary 

c0mtim------------------------------------------774 

Immatmity unqualified------------------------------776 

All other causes---------------------------------Residual 

NONWRITE, W-----------------------------All causes 

Congenital malformations--------------------------75O-759 

Certain diaeasee of early infancy-----------------76O-77S 

Birth injuries----------------------------------76O,76l 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth-----------7SO 

Other birth injury--------------------------------76l 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis------------------762 

pneumonia of newborn--------------------------------763 

Diarrhea of nanbon---------------------------------764 

Other infections of newborn---------------------765-768 

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxetia----769 

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythrobbstosis)-----77O 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn.---------------------77l 

Ill-defined diaeaaee peculiar to early infancy, 

including nUtritiOI.Ml~hdjU8tm.nt-------d----772,773 

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary 

c0ntitim------------------------------------------774 

Immaturity unqualified------------------------------776 

All other cauaea---------------------------------Resldual 

NONWHITE, FEMILE---------------------------Allcauees 

2,525 2,539 593 475 386 285 250 499 51 

3s5 396 42 33 34 35 72 158 22 

214 222 17 E 16 22 40 99 13 

171 174 25 18 18 13 32 59 9 

479 496 116 92 66 54 60 100 8 

205 205 3 14 27 30 38 89 4 

40 45 3 ).2 6 7 17 

24 21 1 2 6 1 2 7 2 

46 46 5 6 8 9 5 12 1 

34 3s 3 3 6 10 1s 

52 60 3 6 14 5 31 1’ 

201 200 34 31 35 26 27 40 7 

26 26 5 6 9 5 1. 

1,033 1,00s 3.s7 282 180 99 23 29 6 

49s 480 X5 19 30 66 66 233 33 

1,799 1,799 334 244 240 206 223 489 63 

123 123 8 6 16 30 5s 7 

1,3s7 1,395 32S 22s 216 152 X58 301 34 

226 239 21 17 21 24 41 105 10 

132 144 11 9 12 16 21 70 5 

94 95 10 s 9 8 20 35 5 

253 256 62 40 36 24 36 51 7 

105 103 5 16 12 16 50 4 

24 26 s 1 5 12 

12 s 1 2 2 1 2 

30 31 4 5 4 8 4 6 -, 

19 21 3 1 1 5 11 

33 40 3 5 7 4 20 1. 

109 10s 16 13 19 12 15 25 6 

16 14 1 1 7 4 1 

560 549 220 140 97 59 9 20 4 

289 261 8 8 18 38 55 132 22 

1,421 1,421 273 2S4 187 178 161 327 30 

Congenital malfOrme.tiOns--------------------------75O-759 74 78 1 6 5 1s 18 28 2 

Certain diseases of early iufancy-----------------76O-776 1,136 1,144 2S7 247 170 133 1.12 198 17 

Birth injuries----------------------------------76O,76l 

Intr&cranlal and spinal injury at birth-----------76O 

Other birth injury--------------------------------76l 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis------------------762 

pneumonia of nawborn--------------------------------763 

Diarrhea of nawb.nn---------------------------------7S4 

Other infections of newborn---------------------765-768 

Neouatal disorders ari6ing from materml toxemia----769 

Eemol.@ic diseaae of newborn (erythroblastosis)-----770 

Hemorrhagic disease of nawborn----------------------77l 

Ill-defined diseases.peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional maladjuBtmant------------772,773 

Inumturity with mention of any other subsidiary 

c0ntitia-------------------------.----------------774 

Imn!.ettn?ity unqualified------------------------------776 

All other causes---------------------------------Reaidual 

159 1.57 21 16 13 11 31 53 12 

52 7s 6 6 4 6 19 29 8 

77 79 3.5 10 9 5 12 24 4 

226 240 54 52 30 30 24 49 1 

100 102 3 9 11 18 22 39 

16 19 3 4 5 2 5 

1.2 13 1 1 4 1 6 

16 15 1 1 4 1 1 6 1 

Is 17 2 3 5 5 

19 20 1 7 1 11 

92 92 16 18 16 14 12 3.5 1 

10 12 4 5 2 1 

473 457 167 142 63 40 14 9 2 

209 199 5 11 ls 28 31 101 xl. 

‘Data by weight add to figuree shownin thi6 column. Figures differ somewhat from the talklated totals shown in the first column becau6e of the procedure used for dietributing birth weights not stated. For discussion, eee section in text on Distribution 

of “not stated” birth weightm. 
----------------

Vol. 39, No. 6 REL4TION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 261 

TABLE 9. NEONATALMORTALITYRATES FOR SELECTEDCAUSES,BY B~ WEIGHT,RACE, AND SEX: UNITEO STATES,JANUARY1 TO MAWR 31, 1950 

(Basedon deathsunder 28 days among childrenborn Jan. 1 to liar.31, 1950. Rates per 1,000 live births in each SPecified group. 

Birthweights not statedare distributed. Excludes data for I@ssachusetta. I?umberaafter causes of death are categorynumbers of the SixthRevision of the InternationalLists, 194S) 

RACE, SIX, AND CAUSE OF DE&5 TOtal~ 

AIL RACES, BOTS 8EXES-----------Allcauses 20.0 

Congenitalmalformations ---------------------750-759 2.5 

Certaindiseaaeaof early infancy------------76O-776 ).5.9 

Birth in@ries-----------------------------78O,76l 3.2 

Intracranialand spinalinjury at birth------76O 1.4 Other birth in,jury~--------------------------76l1.8 Postnatalasphpa and atelectaais-------------762 3.6 ‘Pneumonia of newborn---------------------------763 0.8 Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------,---7640.2 Other infectionsof newborn----------------765-768 0.1 

Neonataldisordersarisi~ from matemel 

toxemia -----------------------769 0.3 Eemolyticdisease& newborn (erytb.roblastosis )-770 0.6 Hemorrhagicdiseaaeof newborn-----------------77l 0.2 111.-del’ined diseasespeculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmalad@tment-------772,773 0.8 Immaturitywith mention of any other subsidiary 

c0nditi0n-------------------------------------7740.2 

Immaturityunqualified-------------------------776 5.7 All other causes----------------------------Residual 1.6 

AIL RACES, MAI.E-------------------All causes 22.7 

Congenitalmalformations---------------------75O-759 2.7 

Cartaindiseasesof early infancy------------76O-776 1s.2 

Birth injuries----------~ ------------------76O,761 3.s Intracranialand spinalinjury at birth------76O 1.8 Otherbirth injury---------------------------76l 2.1 Postnatalaaphyxiaand atelectasis-------------762 4.3 

Fueumoniaof newborn---------------------------763 0.8 

Diarrhea of newborn----------------------------764 0.2 Other infectionsof newborn----------------765-768 0.1 

Neonataldisordersarisingfrom maternal 

toxemia---------------------------------------7690.4 Hemolyticdiseaseofnewborn (erythroblaatoaia )-770 0.7 

Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newboru-----------------77l 0.3 

Ill-defineddiseaseapeculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment-------772, 773 0.8 

Immaturitywith mention of any other subsidiary 

condition-------------------------------------7740.2 Immaturityunqusll.fied-------------------------7766.4 All other causea----------------------------Raaidual 1.8 

ALL RACES, L?XMAIU-----------------A11 causea 17.1 

CongenitalmalfOrmetiOna---------------------75O-759 2.3 Certaindiseasesof early iufancy--------~ ---76O-776 13.5 

Birth injuries-----------------------------760, 761 2.6 

Intracranialand spinalinjury at M.rth------76O 1.0 Other birth inju.ry---------------------------76l1.6 Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectaaia-------------762 2.8 Pneumoniaof newborn---------------------------763 0.8 

Diarrhea of newborn----------------------------764 0.1 Other itiectionsof newborn----------------765-768 0.1 Neonatal disordersarisingfrom n!aternal toxemia---------------------------------------7690.3 

Hemolyticdiseaseofnewborn (erythroblastosia )-770 0.6 Hemorrhagicdi8eaae of newborn-----------------77l 0.2 

Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmal.adjustment-------772, 773 0.7 

Immaturitywith mantiou of any other subsidiary 

c0nditi0n-------------------------------------7740.2 

Immaturityunqualified-------------------------776 5.1 All other causes----------------------------Reaidunl 1.3 

BIRTH WEIQl!C(~ 6RM4S) 

1,000 L,001- L,501- i, oo1- z,5o1- ;,ool-L,Sol :,500 ?,501 

or or or or 

less L,500 2,000 ?,500 5,000 :,500 uore nore 

071.7 551.3 211.o 50.4 12.6 6.4 14.2 .73.7 7.8 

= 

7.6 21.1 18.3 8.7 3.L 1.5 2.3 11.4 1.8 

S56.7 522.3 187.0 37.3 7.8 3.9 8.8 .57.2 4.7 

L21.9 68.9 28.9 6.7 2.3 1.5 4.6 23.3 1.7 

14.3 14.0 10.9 3.6 1.3 0.9 2.4 6.5 1.0 107.7 54.9 18.0 3.1 1.0 0.5 2.2 16.8 0.7 

321.2 97.0 51.5 12.5 2.3 0.8 1.4 33.6 1.2 3.3 15.6 7.8 Z.6 0.s 0.5 1.3 4.5 0.6 0 2.0 z.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 

14.5 11.z 5.4 1.0” 0.2 0.1 0.1 3.s 0.1 4.3 6.3 4.8 2.2 0.8 0.4 0.1 3.1 0.5 3.3 2.8 2.4 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 0.2 

46.3 29.1 8.S Z.o 0.3 0.1 0.5 8.3 0.2 

9.4 10.4 5.3 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 2.9 0.0 

532.1 2S0.5 68.8 8.0 0.5 0.1 0.5 75.1 0.2 

7.4 7.9 5.8 4.3 1.7 1.0 3.0 5.1 1.2 

9S4.2 621.8 263.0 67.4 16.6 7.4 33.7 :X5.9 8.1 

3.0 19.3 19.5 10.5 3.7 1.7 2.5 12.5 2.0 

982.3 584.4 238.3 51.3 10.7 4.5 8.2 .95.1 5.6 126.1 83.9 36.9 10.8 3.1 1.7 4.0 30.6 2.0 19.9 ls.2 14.9 6.0 1.9 1.1 2.0 9.6 1.3 106.3 67.7 22.0 4.8 1.2 0.6 1.9 21.0 0.7 

LZ7.1. 114.8 68.0 17.2 3.4 1.1 1.4 43.6 1.5 

2.5 12.0 9.3 2.7 1.1 0-.6 1.2 4.8 0.7 0 0.8 2.9 0.6 0.3 0.1 0 1.0 0.2 

0 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 

15.4 1.I..6 6.4 1.5 0.3 0.1 0 4:3 0.1 

5.0 5.4 5.5 2.6 1.0 0.4 0.1 3.6 0.5 

4.5 3.5 3.5 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.2 0.2 

45.7 30.9 10.0 2.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 9.6 0.2 

7.9 8.9 6.7 0.9 0.2 0.0 0 3.2 0.0 

548.2 322.1 88.2 10.9 0.7 0.1 0.6 91.s 0.2 

8.9 8.1 7.3 5.6 2.2 1.2 3.1 6.4 1.4 

948.0 478.2 160.5 36.6 9.5 5.3 15.1 .3s.9 6.4 

12.5 22.s 17.2 7.3 2.5 1.3 2.1 10.5 1.6 

329.7 447.7 1.59.O Z6.O 5.6 3.1 10.0 24.4 3.8 

117.6 53.3 Z1.4 3;4 1.6 1.Z 5.9 17.0 1.3 

8.4 11.6 7.1 1.8 0.9 0.7 3.1 3.8 0.8 109.2 41.7 14.3 1.7 0.8 0.4 2.8 13.2 0.6 

114.9 78.6 36.0 S.6 1.5 0.7 1.3 24.9 0.9 

4.2 13.2 6.5 2.5 0.6 0.4 1.3 4.2 0.5 

0 3.2 1.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 0 1.0 0.1 

0.5 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 0.4 0.0 

13.6 10.8 4.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 2.8 0.1 

3.7 7.2 4.2 1.8 0.7 0.3 0 2.8 0.4 2.1 Z.o 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.1 O.z 1.0 0.1 

47.0 27.3 7.6 1.6 0.3 0.1 0.5 7.2 0.2 

11.o 12.0 3.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 O.z 2.6 0.0 

v_.5.2 237.3 50.6 5.6 0.4 0.1 0.3 60.6 0.2 

5.7 7.6 4.4 3.3 1.4 0.8 2.9 4.0 1.0 

‘Based on tabulatedtotala shown in table 8. 
262 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

Tf+Bm9. NEONATAL MORTAKCTY BATSS FOR SET.WXED CAUSES, BY BJl?J!H WEIGST, RACE, AND SEX: UN- STATES,

JANUARY 1 TO M4RCR 31, 1950-Continued 

(See headnote on p. 261) 

BIRTH WEIGHT (IN GRAM3) 

- RACX, SEX, AND CAUSE OF D2ATS POtall 1,000 1,oo1- L,501- ?,oo1- :,501- ,001- ,501 ;,500 !,501 

or or or” or 

less 1,500 ?,000 ?,500 1>000 ,500 ore ,eBs lore 

WHITE, BLYl16 SEXES-------------------AllCEUS8S 18.9 883.; 562.1 214.6 50.6 12.0 5.8 ls. o .75.8 7.1 

Congenital -759 2.7 9.1 22.s 21.4 9.7 3.3 1.6 2.5 12.9 1.9 

Certain dieeaaee Of early infancy------------76O-776 15.o S69.2 534.2 189:3 37.5 7.4 3.5 8.0 .59.2 4.3 

Birth injuries-----------------------------76O,76l 3.2 137.o 77.7 32.0 7.2 2.2 1.4 4.6 25.9 1.6 

Intracranial and spinal injury et birth------76O 1.4 12.2 X5.7 11.7 3.8 1.3 0.9 2.3 6.6 1.0 

Other birth in,ju.ry---------------------------76l 1.9 124.S 64.0 20.3 3.4 0.9 0.5 2.3 19.2 0.6 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-------------762 3.5 U-2..9 98.3 56.5 13.7 2.3 0.9 1.2 34.9 1.1 

Pneumonia of ne%fborn---------------------------763 0.7 3.1 I-3.5 6.7 2.3 0.7 0.4 1.4 4.1 0.5 

Diarrhea of newborn----------------------------764 f 0.1 0 1.7 1.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 0 0.8 0.1 

Other lnfection6 of newborn----------------765-768 0.1 0 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 

Neonatal disorders arisirg from maternal 

toxemia-:-------------------------------------769 0.3 16.3 12.5 5.8 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.7 0.1 

Hemdytic di6eaBe of newborn (erythrObl.8Bt0BiB 

mdi%rmationa ---------------------750 

)-770 0.7 5.3 7.1 5.6 2.5 0.9 0.4 0.1 3.6 0.5 

Hemorrhagic disease of nevbom-----------------77l 0.2 4.1 2.7 2.3 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.1 

Ill-defined diBeasea peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional malad~ustmnt-------772,773 0.7 46.4 2s.7 7.1 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 7.8 0.1 

Immaturity with mention of any other aubeldiary 

condition-------------------------------------774 0.2 10.0 11.5 5.5 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 3.1 0.0 

Immaturity unqualified-------------------------776 5.3 534.0 280.2 65.5 6.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 73.7 0.2 

All other cause6----------------------------ReE!idual 1.1 5.0 5.1 3.9 3.4 1.4 0.7 1.6 3.7 0.9 

WRmE, w ---------------------------All causes 21.6 905.0 643.1 271.9 69.1 15.9 6.7 10.8 !0.S.8 8.3 

Congenital malf0rm8ti0na---------------------75O-759 2.9 3.7 19.8 22.5 11.8 3.9 1.7 2.4 14.0 2.1 

Certain diseaseB of eerly infancy------------76O-776 17.4 895.1 617.2 244.4 52.9 10.4 4.1 6.8 !00.0 5.2 

Birth in.Wries-----------------------------76O,76l 3.9 143.7 84.3 40.6 L7..6 3.0 1.6 4.1 34.0 1.9 : 

Intrecranlel end spinal injury at birth------76O 1.7 17.9 L5.6 1.5.6 6.3 1.9 1.1 2.1 9.7 1.2 

Other birth injury---------------------------76l 2.1 125.8 76.7 25.0 5.4 1.1 0.6 2.0 24.3 0.7 

Postutal asphyxia and atelecte&ls.------------7S2 4.3 119.7 121.2 75.4 19.6 3.5 1.1 1.0 46.6 1.4 

Pneumonia of nek+born---------------------------763 0.8 3.1 12.3 7.8 2.5 1.0 0.5 1.2 4.5 0.6 

Dierrhea of newborn----------------------------764 0.2 0 0.9 1.8 0.7 -0.3 0.1 0 0.9 0.1 

Other infections of newbom----------------765-76S 0.0 0 0 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 

Neonatal disorders aridng fr& maternal 

toxem.la---------------------------------------769 0.4 16.7 11.s S.9 1.3 0.2 0.1 0 4.4 0.1 

Hemolytic disease & newborn (erythroblastosis)-770 0.8 6.2 5.2 6.5 3.1 1.1 0.4 0.1 4“.2 0.5 

Hem.a+mgic diseaee of newbcmn-----------------77l 0.2 5.6 2.8 3.1 1.3 0.0 0.2 0 2.1 0.1 

Ill-defined diseases pecul.larto early infancy, 

including nutritional mfd.adjustment-------772,773 0.7 45.7 31.6 8.0 2.4 0.2 0.1 0 9.2 0.1 

Iimmturity with mention of eny other subsidiary 

c0nditi0n-------------------------------------774 0.2 S.3 10.4 6.7 0.8 0.2 0.0 0 3.4 0.0 

Immaturity unqualified-------------------------776 5.9 545.3 326.7 86.6 9.4 0.7 0.1 0.3 90.6 0.2 

All other causes----------------------------Residual 1.3 6.2 6.1 4.9 4.4 1.6 0.9 1.5 4.8 1.0 

WRITE, FEMALE-------------------------Allcauses 16.0 861.0 474.5 160.4 35.5 9.1 4.7 14.7 L38.4 5.8 

Congenital mfJ.formations---------------------75O-759 2.5 14.7 26.0 20.3 8.0 2.8 1.4 2.6 ~og 1.7 

Certain dieeasea of early infancy------------76O-776 1.S.5 S42.5 444.3 3.37.1 24.9 5.1 2.8 10.4 .23.6 3.4 

Birth injuries-----------------------------76O,761 2.6 130.1 59.8 23.9 3.6 1.5 1.1 5.7 18.8 1.3 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth------76O 1.0 6.4 11.7 8.0 1.8 0.8 0.7 2.6 3.$ 0.7 

Other birth injury---------------------------76l 1.6 123.7 48.0 15.9 1.s 0.7 0.4 3.1 14.s 0.5 

Postnatal asphyxie and atelecta61s-------------762 2.7 105.9 73.5 38.5 9.0 1.5 0.6 1.7 24.7 0.8 

Emunmnia of newbOxn---------------------------763 0.6 3.2 14.8 5.7 2.1 0.4 0.3 1.9 3.7 0.4 

Diarrhea of newbon----------------------------764 0.1 0 2.6 1.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0 0.7 0.1 

Other infections of newborn----------------765-765 0.1 0 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 o.~ 0.0 

Neouetel disorders arising from maternal 

toxemia---------------------------------------769 0.3 15.9 .13.3 4.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.2 3.1 0.1 Hemol@ic diseaseof newborn (erythroblastosie)-770 0.6 4.5 9.2 4.9 2.0 0.7 0.4 0 3.1 0.4 

Hemorrhagic diaeaae of newborn-----------------77l 0.2 2.6 2.6 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.$ 0.1 

Ill-defined diseaaea peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional maladjustment-------772,773 0.6 47.2 25.5 6.1 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 6.6 0.1 

Im&turity with mention of any other subsidiary 

conditian-------------------------------------774 0.2 10.6 12.8 4.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.2 2.8 0.0 

Immaturity unqualified-------------------------776 4.6 522.3 229.S 45.5 4.8 0.3 0.1 0 58.9 0.1 

All other causes----------------------------Residual 0.9 3.0 4.1 3.0 2.6 1.2 0.6 1.7 z.e 0.7 

lBased on tabulated totela shown in table 8. 
Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 263 

‘lYWJ1 9. NEONATAL MORCALITY RATES FOR SEIECTED CAUSE6, BY BIRTH WEIGET, RACE, AND SEC UNIT2D S’J!ATFS, 

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950—Continued 

(See headnote on p. 261) 

BIRTH WEIGHT (~ GRAMS) 

RACE, SEX, #No CAUS2 OF DEATH :otall 1,000 1,001- L,501- 2,0Ql- 2,501- 3,001- :>501 ?,500 2>501 

or or or or 

leBB 1,500 ?,000 2,500 3,00Q !,500 lore Less more 

NONWHITE,BcOI!SEXES----------------Allcauses 26.7 821.4 507.0 195-.7 49.5 15.4 10.3 20.2 L64.7 11.9 

Congenital malformations---------------------75O-759 1.6 1.4 14.0 5.0 4.4 1.9 1.1 2.0 5.1 1.3 

Certain diseases of early iDfancy------------76O-776 20.8 802..4 474.1 176.9 36.6 10.0 6.3 11.1 148.6 7.5 

Birth injuries-----------------------------76O,76l 3.2 56.8 32.9 15.6 4.5 2.9 2.0 4.8 12.3 2.3 

Intracranial and spinel inju.qfat birth------76O 1.8 23.0 1.5.o 7.3 2.8 1.6 1.2 2.8 6.0 1.4 

Other birth in@ry---------------------------76l 1.4 33.8 18.0 8.2 1.7 1.3 0.7 2.0 6.3 0.9 

Postnetal asph@a and atelectaaie-------------762 4.0 1.57.O 91.8 30.2 6.9 2.4 1.3 1.7 28.0 1.5 

Pneum.onlaof newborn-------------------.-------763 1.7 4.1 14.0 12.4 3.9 1.5 1.1 0.9 6.3 1.2 

Diarrhea of newborn----------------------------764 0.3 0 3.0 5.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0 1.8 0.2 

Other infections of newborn----------------765-768 0.2 1.4 2.0 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.1 

Neonatal dieorders arising from maternal 

toxemia---------------------------------------769 0.4 6.S 6.0 3.7 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.4 0.2 

Hemolytlc dlaease ofnewborn (erythroblastosis)-770 0.3 o 3.0 1.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 0 1.0 0.2 

Hemorrhagic di6eaae of newbom-----------------77l 0.4 0 3.0 2.7 1.8 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.0 0.3 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional rM.adjustment-------772,773 1.7 46.0 30.9 16.0 3.3 1.1 0.5 1.5 10.8 0.7 

Immaturity with mention of any other 6ubaidiary 

c0nditi0n-------------------------------------774 0.2 6.8 6.0 4.1 0.6 0.0 0 0 2.1 0.0 

Immaturity unqmlified-------------------------776 8.6 523.7 281.4 82.5 1.2.7 0.9 0.4 1.3 81.0 0.5 

All other ceuse6----------------------------Reaidual 4.1 17.6 19.0 X5.7 8.5 3.5 2.9 7.2 10.9 3.2 

%med on tabulated tota18 Bho!4nin table 8. 
264 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TABLE10. DEATHSUNDER28 DAYS FROM SELECTED CAUSES, BY BIRTH WEIGHT, RACE, AND PLURALITY OF BIRTH: UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Includes deaths among children born Jan. lb Mar. 31, 1950. Birth weights not stated are distributed. Excludes data for Massachusetts. Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the Sixth Revision of the International Lists, 1948) 

!TOTAL BIX2B WEIGHT (IN GFAM8) 

RACE IJiDCAUSE OF DEATH 

D.7!WH8 AMONG EG’TGLE BIS’J!HS 

ALL BAcEs---------------------------------Ailcauses 15,049 15,549 2,827 2,321 2,048 1,913 5,940 

Congenital uH0mti0n6---------------------------------75O-759 2,052 2,054 25 94 187 340 1,408 

Certain diseaees bf early infancy------------------------76O-776 11,746 11,796 2,775 2,195 1,800 1,409 3,617 

Birth injmiee-----------------------------------------76O, 761 2,550 2,592 421 31.3 298 262 1,298

Intracranial and spinal Injury at birth------------------76O 1,X36 1,165 49 63 107 145 801 

Other birth injury-------------,-------------------------76l 1,414 1,427 372 250 191 117 497 

Poetnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-------------------------762 2,688 2,708 407 397 508 471 925 . Pneumonia of newborn---------------------------------------763 658 659 12 57 70 93 427 

Diarrhea of newborn----------------------------------------764 126 X51 5 23 17 86 

Other infections of newborn----------------------------765-768 61 59 1 2 ).2 9 35 

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia-----------769 266 262 48 50 57 41 66 

Hemolytic )------------770 502 513 15 24 47 81 346 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn-----------------------------77l 185 197 11 9 20 36 121 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, including 

-----------------------------772, 

disease of newborn (erytbrobl.astosia 

nutritional mal.adjuetm.ent 773 536 513 112 106 76 73 146 

Iuwaturity with mention of any other subsidiary 

c0nditi0n-------------------------------------------------774 164 171 31 45 48 25 22 ‘% 

Immaturity wqualifled-------------------------------------776 4,010 3,991 1,717 1,187 641 301 145 

All other causes----------------------------------------Residual 1,251 ,1,199 27 32 61 164 915 

WSITE-----------------------------------------All causes 12,183 12,183 2,31.5 1,902 1,716 1,s68 4,682 

( 

Congenital ml f0mti0n8------------. --------------------75O-759 1,863 1,8s8 24 81 177 310 1,266 

Certain diseases of early inf.mcy------------------------76O-776 9,536 9,574 2,276 1,800 1,508 1,151 2,839 

Birth injwies-----------------------------------------76O,76l 2,188 2,219 383 287 268 230 1,051 

Intracranial and spinal injury at bifih------------------76O 925 946 32 48 92 124 650 

Other birth injury---------------------------------------76l 1,263 1,273 351 239 176 106 401 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-------------------------762 2,258 2,261 310 318 454 420 759 

Pneumonia of newborn---------------------------------------763 468 472 9 46 51 64 302 

Diarrhea of nmborn----------------------------------------764 91 91 2 14 12 63 

Other infections of newborn----------------------------765-768 38 37 1 5 8 23 

Neonatal dieordera arising from maternal toxeraia-----------769 225 218 44 45 50 31 48 

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblaatoefs)------------770 470 476 15 21 43 76 321 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn-----------------------------77l 138 143 11 8 16 24 84 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, including 

nutritional maladjuatment-----------------------------772,773 362 350 90 83 53 51 73 

Immaturity with mention of any other subs+idiary 

conaition----------------_----_---------------------------774 143 150 27 39 43 20 21 

Immaturity mqualified-------------------------------------776 3,1.55 3,157 1,387 950 511 215 94 

All other causes----------------------------------------Residwl 784 751 2.5 21 31 107 577 

cause’s 2,866 2,866 512 419 332 345 1,258 

Congenital mlf0r~ti0ns---------------------------------75O-759 189 196 1 13 10 30 142 

Certain di.?eamesof early infancy------------------------76O-776 2,210 2,222 499 395 292 258 778 

Birth injuies-----------------------------------------76O,76l 362 373 38 26 30 32 247 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth------------------76O 211 219 17 15 15 21 151 

Other birth injury---------------------------------------76l 151 2.54 21 11 15 11 96 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-------------------------762 430 447 97 79 54 51 166 

Pneumonia of newborn---------------------------------------763 190 187 3 11 19 29 125 

Diarrhea of newbom----------------------------------------764 35 40 3 9 5 23 

Other infections of newborn----------------------------765-768 23 22 1 1 7 1 12 

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia-----------769 41 ’44 4 5 7 10 18 

Hemolytic disease of newborn (er@hrobl..9BtoSiS )------------77o 32 37 3 4 5 25 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn-----------------------------77l 47 54 1 4 12 37 

1~1-defined diseasea peculiar to early Infancy, including 

nutritional maladju8tment-----------------------------772,773 174 163 22 23 23 22 73 

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary 

condition--------------: 

NONWHIT2--------------------------------------All 

----------------------------------774 21 21 4 6 5 5 

Immaturity wqualified-------------------------------------776 855 834 330 237 130 86 

All other causea----------------------------------------Reaidual 467 448 12 11 30 57 

See footnote on p. 265. 
-------------

-------

-----------------------------

----------------------------

Vol. 39, N’o.6 REL4TION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 265 

TABLE 10. DEATHS 0ND2R 28 DAYS FROM SZLilCT2D CAU6ES,BY B~ WEIGHT,RACE, AND PIUSAUTY OF BIRTH:UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 920MARCH 31, 1950-Continued 

(See headnote on p. 2S4) 

TOTAL BIRIE W2WH!C (IN GRAM3) 

BA~ AND CAUSE OF DEAT6 

9!abu- 1,000 1,001- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501 ~r 

lees Iated ju%;al ‘r 1,500 2,000 2,500 more 

DEATHS AMONG BIKTHS IN PIDBfL S322S 

causes 1>692 1,692 597 48( 355 165 95 

Congdtel mX0~ti0ns---------------------------------75O-75$ 7: 75 ~ 14 21 M 17 Certaindiseasesof early infancy------------------------76O-7761,56: 1>568 59C 45! 329 1.52 58 Birth injWles-----------------------------------------76O,76l 162 15a 5E 3t 32 17 15 Intracranialand spinal injury at birth------------------76O 47 46 7 .! 17 6 8 Other birth injury---------------------------------------76l u 112 51 26 15 11 7 Postnstalaephyxiaand etelectasis-------------------------762 295 298 6$ 9i 78 42 12 

~e~onia of newborm---------------------------------------763 5C 53 1 11 19 E 9 Diarrhea of newborn----------------------------------------764 17 19 c 5 6 3 Other infectionsof newborn----------------------------765-768 ‘i 2 ; 1 ,-

IieO~tal disOrderSariaing from mstemml toxemia-----------769 2E 20 9 7 3 1 Hemolyticdisease of newborn (ery_throblaetoais )------------77O 2E 29 2 7 9 8 3 Hemorrhagicdisease of newborn------------------.-----------77l 17 X5 1 : 6 5 Ill-definesdiseasespeculiarto eerly infancy,including 

nutritionalmsledjustment-----------------------------772,773 X56 1.50 69 42 23 IJ. 4 Iminaturity

ALL RACES --------------------All 

with mention of any other subsidiary 

c0ntition-------------------------------------------------774 25 30 6 E 3 Immaturityuquelified-------------------------------------776 80C 794 375 243 145 26 12 All other causes----------------------------------------Weidual 55 49 2 7 5 15 20 

causes l,33@ 1,338 502 391 260 1.25 60 

Congenital mal.f0rm8ti0ns---------------------------------750-759 69 5 u 20 17 Certaindiseesesof early infancy------------------------76O-7761,2: 1,252 496 378 236 1: 3s 761 

WRITZ-----------------------------------------All 

Birth injuries-----------------------------------------76O, ~~ 1.36 54 3C 27 14 U Intracranialand spinal injury at birth------------------76O 44 43 7 e 16 5 7 Other birth injury---------------------------------------76l 95 93 47 22 11 9 4 Postmatalasphyxiaand atelectasis-------------------------762 246 248 51 85 66 36 10 

Fneunonieof newborn---------------------------------------763 35 36 1 c I.1 12 3 

Diarrhee of newborn----------------------------------------764 12 13 5 1 5 2 

Other infectionsof newbozn----------------------------765-768 1 1 1 Neonatal disordersarisingfrom meternsl toxemia-----------769 21 1s 8 6 3 1 Hemolyticdisease of newborn (erythroblsstosis)------------77O 26 27 2 7 9 7 2 Hemorrhagiccliseeseof newborn ----------------------77L 12 10 1. 2 4 3 ined diseasespeculiar to early infancy,including 

nutritionalmaladjustment-----------------------------772,773 109 lls 57 3s 12 7 4 Immaturitywith mention of any other subsidiary 

condition --------------------774 24 24 5 8 8 3 ImmaturityunqualifieCi111-ilef 

------------------------------------776 622 624 317 193 94 14 6 All other causea----------------------------------------Re~iauel 24 17 1 4 7 5 

causes 354 354 95 89 95 40 35 

CongenitaluE0mtions---------------------------------75O-75g 8 6 1 1 4 Certaindiseasesof early infancy------------------------76O-776 31.5 316 94 81 93 28 20 Birth injmies-----------------------------------------76O,76l 23 22 4 6 5 3 4 Intrecranieland spinal in,jnryet birth------------------76O 3 3 1 1 1 Other birtb inj~y---------------------------------------76l 20 19 4 6 4 2 3 Postnetelesphyxiaand atelectesie-------------------------762 49 50 18 14 ls 4 2 Pneumoniaof nmbom---------------------------------------7~ 3.5 17 2 8 1 6 Diarrhea of nwbom----------------------------------------7~ 5 6 4 1 1 Other infectionsof newbnm----------------------------7&-768 1 1 1 NeO~tel disordersarising from matermsltoxe!nia-----------769 5 2 1 1 Hemolyticdisease of newborn (erythrobl.astosis 

NONWRITE--------------------------------------All 

)------------77O 2 2 1 1 Hemorrhagicdiaeaeeof newborn-----------------------------77l 5 5 1 2 2 Ill-defineddiseaseapeculiarto early infancy,including 

nutritionalmaladjustment-----------------------------772, 773 27 35 12 8 11 4 Immaturitywith mention of any other subsidiary 

condition ---------------------774 5 6 1 5 Immaturityunquelified-------------------------------------776 178 170 58 48 46 12 6 All other causes----------------------------------------Resiaul 31 32 1 7 1 8 ls 

lData by weight addto figures shownin this column. Figures differ somewhatfrom the tabulatedtotals shownb the first column because of the procedureused for distributingbirth weights not stated. For discussion., see sectionin text on Distributionof “not stated.” birth weights. 

\ 
--------------

266 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TABLE 11. NEONATAL MORTALITY HATES FOR SELECTED CAUSES, BY BISTH WEIGHT, RACE, AIiOPLURALITY OF BIRTH: UNITED STA13?X, 

JAI’J.7ARY 1 TG MARCH 31, 1950 

(Based on deaths under 28 days among children born Jnn. 1 to Mar. ?ll,1950. Rates per 1,000 live births in each swcif led group. 

Birth wei~ts not stated are distributed. Excludes data for Massachusetts. Numbers after causes of death ere category numbers 

of the Si~h Revision of the International Lists, 1948) 

BIRTH WEIGHT (IN GSAM6) 

PACE AND CAUSE OT DEATR rotal= 

1P 1,oo1- 1,501- 2.,oo1- zp z;? 

less 1,.500 z,000 2,500 less more 

RATES AMONG SINGLE BIRTH8 

ALL W~S--------------------------------------------All causes 18.3 87L 7 562.3 228.$ 52.8 .73.4 7.7 

Congenital mlf-ti0ns--------------------------------------------75O-75S 2.5 7.7 22.8 20.9 9.4 12.3 1.8 

Certain diseases Of early infancY-----------------------------------76O-776 14.3 855.7 531.7 201.2 3s.9 .55,7 4.7 

Birth injmies----------------------------------------------------76O,76l 3.1 129.8 75,8 33.3 7.2 24.6 1.7 ! 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth-----------------------------76C 1.4 15.1 15.3 12.0 4.0 6.9 1.0 

Other birth injmy--------------------------------------------------76l 1.7 114.7 60.6 21.4 3.2 17.7 0.6 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasifi------------------------------------76Z 3.3 125.5 96.2 56.8 13.0 33.9 1.2 

Fneumonia of newborn--------------------------------------------------76? 0.8 3.7 13.8 7.8 2.6 4.4 0.6 

Diarrhea of newborn---------------------------------------------------764 0.2 0 1.2 2.6 0.5 0.9 0.1 

Other infections of newborn---------------------------------------765-76[ 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 

Neonatal difiordersarising from maternal toxemia----------------------76$ 0.3 14.8 12.1 6.4 1.1 3.7 0.1 

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)-----------------------77C 0.6 4.6 5.8 5.3 2.2 3.2 0.5 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn----------------------------------------77l 0.2 3.4 2.2 2.2 1.0 1.4 0.2 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early Inffmcy, 

incIuding nutritional mladjustment------------------------------772,77? 0.7 34.5 25.7 8.5 2.0 7.0 0.2 

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition-------------774 0.2 9.6 10.9 5.4 0.7 2.8 0.0 ‘, 

Inu&atWrityuqwlified------------------------------------------------77C 4.9 529.4 2S7.5 71.7 8.3 73.2 0.2 

All other causes------------------------------------------------.--Residu] 1.5 8.3 7.8 6.8 4.5 5.4 1.2 

WI~----------------------------------------------------All cause~ 17.3 880.2 575.0 238.4 53.5 .76.7 7.1 

COnSenital mlfOmtiOns --------------------------------------------75O-75$ 2.7 9.1 24.5 24.6 10.6 13.9 1.9 

Certain diseases of ewly infancy ---------------------760 -77C 13.6 865.4 544.1 209.5 39.3 !58.6 4.3 

Birth injmies----------------------------------------------------76O,76l 3.1 145.6 S6.8 37.2 7.8. 27.5 1.6 

Intracranial end spinal injury at birth-----------------------------76C 1.3 12.2 14.5 12.8 4,2 7.0 1.0 

Other birth injuy--------------------------------------------------76l 1.8 133.5 72.2 24.4 3.6 20.5 Q.6 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis------------------------------------762 3.2 117.9 96.1 63.1 14.3 35.4 1.1 

Pneumonia of newborn--------------------------------------------------76? 0.7 3.4 13.9 7.1 2.2 4.0 0.5 

Diarrhea of newborn---------------------------------------------------764 0.1 0 0.6 1.9 0.4 0.7 0.1 

Other infections of nevborn---------------------------------------765-76E 0.1 0 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 

Neunatal disorders arising from mnternal toxem.ia----------------------76S 0.3 16.7 13.6 6.9 1.1 4.0 0.1 

HemolyL.icdifieaseof newborn (erythroblastosis)-----------------------77C 0.7 5.7 6.3 6.0 2.6 3.7 0.5 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn----------------------------------------77l 0.2 4.2 2.4 2.2 0.8 1.* 0.1 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional maladjustment------------------------------772,77? 0.5 34.2 25.1 7.4 1.7 6.5 0.1 

Imnaturity with mention of w other subsidiary condition-------------774 0.2 10.3 11.8 6.0 0.7 3.0 0.0 

Immaturity mqualified------------------------------------------------77C 4.5 527.4 287.2 71.0 7.3 72.1 0.1 

All other causes---------------------------------------------------Residml 1.1 5.7 6.3 4.3 3.6 4.1 0.9 

NOWI~-------------------------------------------------All cause~ 24.4 835.2 511.0 190.0 50.0 .59.5 11.7 

Congenital mlf0-ti0ns--------------------------------------------75O-759 1.6 1.6 15.9 5.7 4.3 5.4 1.3 

Certain diseases of early infancy-----------------------------------76O-776 18.8 814,0 481.7 167.1 37.4 L43.2 7.2 

Birth injmies----------------------------------------------------76O,76l 3.1 62.0 31.7 17.2 4.6 12.5 2.3 

Intracranial and spinal inj~y at birth-----------------------------76O 1.8 27.7 18.3 8.6 3.0 6.7 1.4 

Other birth injuy---------------'-----------------------------------76l 1.3 34.3 13.4 8.6 1.6 5.8 0.9 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasi6------------------------------------762 3.7 158.2 96.3 30.9 7.4 27.9 1.5 

Pneumunia of newborn--------------------------------------------------763 1.6 4.9 13.4 10.9 4.2 6.1 1.2 

Diarrhea of newborn---------------------------------------------------764 0.3 0 3.7 5.2 0.7 1.7 0.2 

Other infections of mwborn---------------------------------------765-76S 0.2 1.6 1.2 4.0 0.1 1.0 0.1 

Neonntal disorders arising from maternal toxemia----------------------769 0.3 6.5 6.1 4.0 1.4 2.6 0.2 

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)-----------------------770 0.3 0 3.7 2.3 0.7 1.2 0.2 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn----------------------------------------77l 0.4 0 1.2 2.3 1.7 1.7 0.3 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional ~ladjustment------------------------------772,773 1.5 35.9 28.0 13.2 3.2 8.9 0.7 

Immaturity with mention of my other subsidiary condition-------------774 0.2 6.5 7.3 2.9 0.7 2.0 0.0 

Iuma.turityuqualified------------------------------------------------776 7.3 538.3 289.0 74.4 12.5 77.7 0.5 

All other causes----------------------------------------------..---Residml 4.0 19.6 13.4 17.2 8.3 10.9 3.2 

‘Based on tabulated totals shown in table 10. 
---------

---------

---------------

Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 26’7 

TABLE11. NXONATALMORTALITYRA!EISWI? SXLECT2DCAUSES,BY BIRTH WEIGHT,RACE, AI%OPLUIWI’I’IOF BIR~ UNITEO S~T2S, 

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950-Conttiued 

(See headnoteon p. 266) 

I BIRTS W21GHT (IN GRAMS) 

RACE AND CAUSE OF DEATH rotall 

l;? 1,oo1- 1,501- 2,001- Z;y z;? 

less 1,500 2,000 2,5C0 less more 

IWC3S AMONG BIRTHS IN PIURAL SETS 

ALL RAcEs--------------------------------------------All causes 98.6 871.5 503.7 145.4 32.9 175.6 11.8 

CongenitalmU0mti0ns--------------------------------------------75O-759 4.4 7.3 14.7 8.6 5.6 6.4 2.1 

Certaindiseasesof ecrly infancY-----------------------------------76O-776 91.0 861.3 481.6 1.34.7 26.3 166.0 7.2 

Birth 9.4 84.7 37.8 13.1 3.4 2.5.7 1.9 

Intracrcmialand spinal injuryat birth-----------------------------76C 2.7 10.2 8.4 7.0 1.2 4.2 1.0 Other birth injury -----------------------------------------761 6.7 74.5 29.4 6.1 2.2 11.5 0.9 

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectasis------------------------------------76217.2 100.7 101.8 31.9 8.4 31.4 1.5 Pneumoniaof newbmn--------------------------------------------------7632.9 1.5 11.5 7.8 2.6 4.8 1.1 

ti~wies----------------------------------------------------76O,76l 

Diarrhea of newbwn---------------------------------------------------7641.0 0 5.2 2.0 1.2 1.8 0’.4 

Other infectionsof mwb----------------------------------------765-768 0.1 0 1.0 0.4 0 0.2 0 Neonataldisordersarisingfrom maternaltoxemia----------------------769 1.5 13.1 7.3 1.2 0.2 2.2 0 Hemnlytic )-----------------------770 1.6 2.9 7.3 3.7 1.6 2.9 0.4 Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newbom----------------------------------------77l 1.0 1.5 3.1 2.5 1.0 1.6 0 Ill-defineddiseasespsculicrto early infsncy, 

773 

disease of newborn (erytbroblastosis 

includingnutritionalmalcdjustment----------------::------------772, 7.9 100.7 45.1 9.4 2.2 16.1 0.5 Immaturitywith mention of any other subsidiarycondition-------------774 1.7 8.8 8.4 5.3 0.6. 3.3 0 

Immatuity uqmlified------------------------------------------------77646.6 547.4 252.9 57.3 5.2 86.0 1.5 All other causes---------------------------------------------------ResidW3.2 2.9 7.3 2.0 3.0 3.2 2.5 

WHIT92----------------------------------------------------All causes 94.4 898.0 507.1 129.5 30.2 L71.O 9.0 

Congenitalmlf0~ti0w--------------------------------------------75O-759 4.7 8.9 16.9 10.0 3.4 7.0 2.5 

Certaindlseasefi of ecrly infancY-----------------------------------76O-776 88.0 887.3 490.3 117.6 25.1 L62.4 5.7 

Birth tijmies----------------------------------------------------76O 9.8 96.6 38.9 13.5 3.4 16.7 1.6 

Intracranialand spinalinky at birth-----------------------------7SO 3.1 12.5 10.4 8.0 1.2 4.8 1.0 

Other birth in$~--------------------------------------------------76l 6.7 84.1 28.5 5.5 2.2 11.9 0.6 

Fostnctalaspbwia CM atelectasie------------------------------------762 

,761 

17.4 91.2 107.7 32.9 9.2 31..8 1.5 

Fmeumoniaof newbom--------------------------------------------------7632.5 1.8 11.7 5.5 2.9 4.4 0.4 

Dicrrheaof newborn---------------------------------------------------764 0.8 0 6.5 0.5 1.2 1.5 0.3 

Other infectionsof newborn-------------:------------------------765-768 0.1 0 0 0.5 0 0.1 0 

Neonataldisordersarisingfrom maternaltoxemia----------------------769 1.5 14.3 7.8 1.5 0.2 2.4 0 

Hemolytic )-----------------------770 1.8 3.6 9.1 4.5 1.7 3.3 0.3 

Hemorrhagicdisease of newbom----------------------------------------77l 0.8 1.8 2.6 2.0 0.7 1.3 0 

Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto early inf.=wy, 

773 

diseaseof newborn (erytbroblastosis 

incluaingnutritionalumladjustment------------------------------772, 7.7 102.0 45.4 6.0 1.7 14.8 0.6 

Imnatnritywith msntion of any other subsidiarycondition-------------774 1.7 8.9 10.4 4.0 0.7 3.2 0 

Immturity unqualifiea------------------------------------------------776 43.9 567.1 250.3 46.8 3.4 82.7 0.9 

All other causes---------------------------------------------------Residml1..7 1.8 0 2.0 1.7 1.6 0.7 

NONWHI’IE ----------------------------------------All causes 118.0 754.0 489.0 218.4 45.6 L96.9 25.3 

Congenitalmalformations -----------------------------750-759 2.7 0 5.5 2.3 4.6 3.7 0 

Certaindiseasesof early infancY-----------------------------------76O-776 105.0 746.0 445.1 213.8 31.9 L82.7 14.5 

Birth 7.7 31.7 33.0 11.5 3.4 11.1 2.9 

Intracranialand spinal injuryat birth-----------------------------76O 1.0 0 0 2.3 1.1 1.2 0.7 

Other birth tijW--------------------------------------------------76l 6.7 31.7 33.0 9.2 2.3 9.9 2.2 

16.3 142.9 76.9 27.6 4.6 29.6 1.4 

injuies----------------------------------------------------76O,76l 

Postnatalaspmla and atelectasis------------------------------------762 

FmeunmnieOf newb0n--------------------------------------------------7635.0 0 11.0 18.4 1.1 6.8 4.3 

Diarrheaof newborn---------------------------------------------------764 1.7 0 0 9.2 1.1 3.1 0.7 

Other infectionsof newborn---------------------------------------765-7680.3 0 5.5 0 0 0.6 0 

Neonataldisordersarisingfrom materncltoxemia----------------------769 1.7 7.9 5.5 0 0 1.2 0 

Hemlytic ‘)-----------------------770 0.7 0 0 0 1.1 0.6 0.7 

Eemorihsgicdiseaseof newborn----------------------------------------77l1.7 0 5.5 4.6 2.3 3.1 0 

111-aefinaadiseasespeculiarto early infancy, 

773 

diseaseof newborn (erythroblastosis 

includingnutritionalumladjuatment------------------------------772, 9.0 95.2 44.0 25.3 4.6 21.6 0 

Immaturitywith mention of sny other subsiclicry condition-----------:-774 1.7 7.9 0 11.5 0 3.7 0 

Immhmity mqulifiea------------------------------------------------77659.3 460.3 263.7 105.7 13.7 LO1.2 4.3 All other causes---------------------------------------------------Residml 10.3 7.9 38.5 2.3 9.1 10.5 10.9 

— 

lBasedon tabulatedtotals shown in table 10. 
268 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TABLE 12. DEATES UNDER 28 DAYS FROM SELECTED CAUSES BY BIRTH WEIGHT, AGE, AND RACE: UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950 

(Includes deaths among children born Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Birth weights not stated are distributed. Excludes data for Massachusetts. Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the Sixth Revision of the International Lists, 194S) 

BISTR WEIGHT (IN W) 

AGE , RACE, AND CAUSE OF DEATH Total 1,000 1,oo1- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501 

or or 

less 1,500 2,000 2,500 

UNDES 2EIDAYS 

~ ~~#.-- ----------------------------------Ailcausee 16,741 3,37a 2,794 2,414 2,091 6,064 

(Standardweight total.)----------------------------------- :16,741 (3,424 (2,801 (2,403] (2,078: (6,035) 

Congenital ml f0mti0ns------------------------------------------75O-759 2,127 30 107 209 356 1,425 

Certain diseases of early infancy---------------------------------76O-776 13,308 3,319 2,644 2,L34 1,537 3,674 

Birth injwies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l 2,712 458 341 325 276 1,312 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth--------.-------------------76O 1,183 52 6E 119 147 797 

Other birth injuy------------------------------------------------76l 1,529 406 273 206 129 515 

Postnatal aeph~ia and atelectasis----------------------------------762 2,983 462 469 588 512 932 

Pneumonia of newborn------------------------------------------------763 70s 11 67 80 105 437 

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------------------------764 143 9 25 23 86 

Other infections of newborn-------------------------------------765-76S 63 1 4 3.5 9 36 

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia--------------------769 292 59 se 63 44 68 

Hemolyt.icdifieaseof newborn (erythroblastosis)---------------------770 530 17 3C 52 S4 347 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------------------------77l 202 11 13 25 3s 115 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early Infancy, 

including nutritional maladjustment----------------------------772,773 672 177 147 102 88 158 

Immaturity with msntion of any other subsidiary condition-----------774 193 34 53 58 26 22 

Immaturity nqnlified----------------------------------------------776 4,810 2,089 1,433 795 332 161 

All other causes-------------------------------------------------Resid~l 1,306 29 43 71 198 965 

~I’@-- ---------------------------------------------Ailcauses 13,521 2,782 2.,284 1,977 1,704 4,774 

(Standardweight totals)--------------------------------------- 13,521: (2,817 (2,293 (1,976) (1,693] (4,742) 

Congenital ml f0mti0ns------------------------------------------75O-759 1,930 29 94 19s 322 1,287 

Certain diseases of early lIrf8ncY---------------------------.-----76O-77610,783 2,737 2,167 1,740 1,253 2,88S 

Birth injmies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l 2,327 418 310 292 242 1,065 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth---------------------------76O 969 36 54 104 126 649 

Other birth injwy-----------------------------~------------------76l 1,35s 382 256 18S 116 416 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis----------------------------------762 2,504 356 401 522 459 766 

Pneumonia of newborn------------------------.-----------------------763 503 9 53 61 74 306 

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------------------------764 103 7 14 1s 64 

Other infections of newborn-------------------------------------765-768 39 1 6 s 24 

Neonatal disorders arising from m.aternnltoxemia--------------------769 246 54 52 55 34 51 

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)---------------------770 496 17 27 49 7s 324 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------------------------77l 150 11 10 20 26 63 

Ill-defined dises.sespeculiar to early infanty, 

including nutritional maladjustment----------------------------772,773 471 143 117 67 62 82 

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition-----------774 167 30 46 49 22 20 

Immaturity mq~lified---------------------------------~------------776 3,777 1,699 1,143 605 229 101 

All other causes-------------------------------------------------Residml 808 16 23 39 129 601 

NOm~1---------------------------------------------.-All causes 3,220 596 510 437 3s7 1,290 

(Standardweight total.)--------------------------------------- (3,220] (607 (508 (427) (3s5) (1,293) 

Congenital mlf0-ti0ns------------------------------------------75O-75g 197 1 13 11 34 13s 

Certain’diseases of early infancy---------------------------------76O-776 2,525 5S2 477 394 264 788 

Birth injuries--------------------------------------------------76O,76l 385 40 31 33 34 247 

Intracranial and spinnl injury at birth---------------------------76O 214 16 14 15 21 14s 

Other birth injmy------------------------------------------------76l 171 24 17 18 L3 99 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis------.----------------------------762 479 106 88 66 53 1S6 

Fneumonia of newborn------------------------------------------------763 205 2 14 27 31 131 

Diarhea of newbom-------------------------------------------------764 40 2 11 5 22 

Other infections of newborn-------------------------------------765-768 24 1 3 7 1 12 

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia--------------------769 46 5 6 8 10 17 

Hemolytic disense of newborn (erythroblastosis)---------------------770 34 3 3 5 23 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------------------------77l 52 3 5 12 32 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional malad@tment----------------------------772 ,773 201 34 30 35 26 76 

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition-----------774 26 4 7 9 4 2 

Immaturity wqualified----------------------------------------------776 1,033 390 290 190 103 60 

All other causes-------------------------------------------------Residml 498 13 20 32 69 364 

see footnote Qn P. 272. 
Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 269 

TABLE12. DEMES UNDER 28 DAYS FROM SEIECTED CAUSES BY BIRTH WEIGHT; AGE, AND I?ACE: UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 TO I.MRCH31, 1950—Continued 

(See headnote on p. 268) 

BIRTH W21G8T (IN W) 

AG3, RACE, AND CAUSE OF DENM Total 1,000 1,oo1- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501 or or 1,500 2,000 2,500 less more

—’ 

UNDER 1 HOUR 

causes 1,691 -596 221 166 153 555 (standardweight totals)-----------------------------------(1,691 (598 (216 (165 (1.5: (559) 

Congenital-E0mti0m--------------------------7---------------750-75g 263 21 40 4a 36 116 

Certaindiseasesof early infancy---------------------------------76O-7761,316 575 170 112 84 375 

ALL HK& ‘----------------------------------------All 

Birth injwies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l367 96 19 32 25 191 

Intracranialand spinal injuryat birth---------------------------76O 6e 4 7 e 51 

Other birth injWy------------------------------------------------76l 299 92 19 25 2: 140 

Postnatalasph~ia and atelectasis----------------------------------762 219 57 23 17 1~ 103 

of newbom------------------------------------------------763 2 2 

Diemhea of newhom-------------------------------------------------764 Other infectionsof newborn-----<-------------------------------765-768 1 1 

Ileonat.al 

PLIeUmOnia 

disorderssrisingfrom maternaltoxemia--------------------769 3a 11 5 7 15 

Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn (eryt,hroblastosis )---------------------770 53 6 6 s 7 26 

Hemorrhagicdi8ea8e of newborn--------------------------------------77l 7 1 2 4 

111-definsddiseasespeculiarto eculy infancy, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment-----------------------.----772 ,773 59 30 8 1. 4 16 

Inm!aturity with mention of my other subsidicmycondition-----------774 X7 4 8 2 3 

Immaturityuqwlified---------------------------------------------.776 553 370 101 45 23 14 

All Other causes-------------------------------------------------Residul112 11 6 31 64 

WHITIP -------------------------------------------------All causes 1,403 507 178 140 136 442 

(stanaaraweight totfik)---------------------------------------(1,403 (506 (174 (141 (136 (446) 

Congenitalmlf0-ti0ns------------------------------------------75o-75g 246 20 39 45 35 107 

Certaindiseases of early iD.f~cY---------------------------------76O-7761,083 487 X53 91 76 296 

Birth injuies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l313 90 18 27 27 151 

and spinalinjury at birth---------------------------76O 52 3 2 5 42 

Other birth injwy-------------~----------------------------------76l 261 87 18 25 22 109 

Postnatalasph~ia and atelecta6'is----------------------------------762170 47 14 16 17 76 

Fneumoniaof newbom------------------------------------------------763 2 2 

Intracrs.hial 

Diarrheaof newborn-------------------------------------------------764 

Other infectionsof mwborn-------------------------------------765-768 Neonataldisordersarisingfrom maternaltoxspia--------------------769 31 9 3 4 15 

Hemolytic )---------------------770 52 6 6 8 7 25 

Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newborn--------------------------------------77l 7 1. 2 4 

Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto early infancy, 

.---------------772, 

diseaseof newborn (erythroblastosis 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment------------ 773’ 45 24 7 1 4 9 

Immaturitywith mention of auy other subsidiarycondition-----------774 13 4 6 2 1 

ImmaturityUn’qudifit3a- ---------------------------------------------776 450 306 79 33 19 13 

All other caUses-------------------------------------------------Residul 74 6 4 25 39 

causes 2s8 113 

(stia=a weight t0ta16)--------------------------------------- (288 (:] (z: (3 (; (113) 

Congenitalmlf0mti0ns------------------------------------------75O-759 17 1 1 3 3 9 

Certaindiseasesof early infancy---------------------------------76O-776 233 88 37 21 8 79 

Birth injWies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l 54 6 1 5 2 40 

Intracranialand spinsl injuryat birth---------------------------76O 16 1 5 1 9 

NoNwHirE1 ----------------------------------------------All

Otherbirth injwy------------------------------------------------76l 38 5 1 1 31 

Postnatalasp~ia and atelectasis----------------------------------762 49 10 9 1 2 27 

Fneumoniaof newbom------------------------------------------------763 

Diarrhea of newbom-------------------------------------------------764 

Other infectionsof mwborn-------------------------------------765-768 1 1 

Neonataldisordersarisingfrom maternal toxemia--------------------769 7 2 2 3 

)---------------------770 1 1 

Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newborn--------------------------------------77l 

Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment-----------—---------------772,773 14 6 1. 7 

Immaturitywith mention of any other subsidiarycondition-----------774 4 2 2 

,Inmraturityuqualified----------------------------------------------776 103 64 22 12 4 1 

Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn (erythroblastosis 

All other causes-------------------------------------------------Residul 38 5 2 6 25 

See footnoteon p. 272. 
---------

270 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TABLE 12. D2ATHS UNDES 28 DAYS FHOM SELECTED CAUSES BY BIBTB WEIGHT, AGE, MD RACE: UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 TO MASCH 31, 1950—Continued 

(See headnote on p. 268) 

BIRTH WEIGST (IN GRAMS) 

A02, HACE, AND CAUS2 OF DEAIE Total l,CQO 1,oo1- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501 

or or 

less 1,500 2,00Q 2,500 mre 

1-23 HOUSS 

causes 6,405 1,934 1,324 974 645 1,528 

(Stand~d weight totals)----------------------------------- (6,405 (1,976 (1,332 (9s4: (632 (1,501) 

Congenital mlf0rmtl0ne------------------------------------------75O-759 522 6 34 73 85 324 

Certain diseases of early infancy---------------------------------76O-776 5,666 1,916 1,281 882 521 1,066 

Birth injwies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l 1,173 266 193 161 101 452 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth---------------------------76O 373 26 21 38 44 244 

Other birth injmy------------------------------------------------76l 60C 240 172 123 57 206 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasifi----------------------------------762 1,314 275 245 254 195 345 

Fneumonia of newborn------------------------------------------------763 37 2 0 7 5 15 

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------------------------764 1 1 

Other infections.of newborn-------------------------------------765-768 2 2 

Neonntal disorders arising from maternal toxemia--------------------769 135 35 29 27 19 25 

Hem.ol@ic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)---.------------------770 153 7 10 10 26 100 

Eemorrhngic disease of newborn--------------------------------------77l 42 3 1 4 10 24 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar tioearly infancy, 

Including nutritional mnladjuetment----------------------------772,773 253 93 61 39 22 38 

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition-----------774 62 20 20 1.5 6 1 

Immaturity mqwlified----------------------------------------------776 2,494 1,215 714 365 136 64 

All other causes-------------------------------------------------Residwl 217 12 9 19 39 1.36 

ALL RACES1-----------------------------------------All 

WI~}-------------------------------------------------All causes 5,252 1,596 1,100 817 511 1,228 

(Standnrdweight totals)--------------------------------------- (5,252 (1,628 (1,108 (813] (503 (1,2(X3) 

Congenital mlfOmtiOns ------------------------------------------75O-759 471 6 26 71 78 288 

Certain di6eaBeS Of e~lY infanCY ------------------------760-776 4,659 1,565 1,071 734 408 661 

Birth injmies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l 1,010 247 177 141 .82 371 

Intracranial nnd spinal injury at birth---------------------------76O 295 19 17 30 34 195 

Other birth inJmy------------------------------------------------76l 725 226 160 111 46 176 

Pcmtna.talasphgzia and atelectasifi----------------------------------762 1,087 209 207 223 169 277 

Pneumonia of newbo~------------------------------------------------763 30 1 7 6 4 12 

Diarrhea or newbnrn-------------------------------------------------764 1 1 

Other infections of newborn-------------------------------------765-768 2 2 

Neonatal disorders nri6ing from maternal toxemia--------------------769 115 32 25 24 16 16 

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastoeis)---------------------77O 145 7 9 .9 24 96 

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------------------------77l 29 3 1 1 7 17 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional malad@atm-ant----------------------------772,773 199 84 52 27 14 22 

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition-----------774 58 1’9 19 15 5 1 

Immaturity wqualified----------------------------------------------776 1,975 9s4 574 286 84 47 

All other causes--:----------------------------------------------Residul 122 5 1 12 25 79 

No~~1----------------------------------------------All causes 1,153 330 224 157 134 300 

(Standmd weight totals)--------------------------------------- (1,153 (346 (224 (151] (129 (301) 

Congenital wlf0rmti0ns------------------------------------------75O-759 51 6 2 7 36 

Certain diseases of ewly infancy---------------------------------76O-776 1,007 331 210 148 113 205 

Birth injmiefi--------------------------------------------------76O-76l 155 19 16 20 19 61 

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth---------------------------76O 78 7 4 B 10 49 

Other birth injmy------------------------------------------------76l 77 12 12 12 9 32 

Pofitnatalasphyxia and atelectasis----------------------------------762 227 66 38 29 26 68 

Pneumonia of newbnrn------------------------------------------------763 7 1 1 1 1 3 

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------------------------764 

Other infections of newbom-------------------------------------765-768 

Neonatal disorders arising frnm !mternal toxemia--------------------769 20 3 4 3 1 9 

)---------------------770 e 1 1 2 4 

Hemorrhagic disea6e of newborn--------------------------------------77l 13 3 3 7 

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infanty, 

including nutritional malad@stment----------------------------772,773 54 9 9 12. 8 16 

Immaturity with mention of eny other subsidiary condition-----------774 4 2 1 1 

Immaturity mqulified----------------------------------------------776 519 231 140 79 52 17 

All other causes-------------------------------------------------Residml 95 7 s 7 14 59 

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erytbrobl.astosls 

See footnote on p. z72. 
Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 271 

TABLE 1.2. DEATES UNDER28 DAYS FROM SEIEC~ CAU6ESBY BIRTR WEIGE2, AGE, AXD RACE: UNITED STATES, 

JANUARY 1 !20MARCH 31, 1950—Conttiued 

(Seeheadnote on P. 268) 

BIRE5 UIXH1’ (IN GRAMS) 

AGE, RACE, AND CAUSE OF DIWE Total 1,000 1,oo1- 1,501- 2,001- 2,501 

or or 

less 1,500 2,000 2,500 more 

1-6 DAYS 

ALL RAC2S1 cauoe~ 6,293 780 981 95E 2,589 

(StcuxWd weight totals)-----------------------------------(6,293 (787 (986 (95E (2,574) 

Congenitalmlf0mti0m------------------------------------------75O-75S 829 2 28 67 147 585 

Certaindissasesof early infancY---------------------------------76O-77f 

-----------------------------------------All 

4,983 763 944 898 751 1,627 

Birth 1,058 90 114 122 137 595 Intracr=ial and spinal Injury at birth---------------------------7SC 646 19 39 67 8E 433 Other birth injuy------------------------------------------------76l 412 71 75 55 49 162 Postnstalasphyxiaand atelectasis----------------------------------762 tijmies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l 

1,311 123 197 2e3 281 427 

Pneumoniaof newborn------------------------------------------------76Z289 7 22 43 44 173 Disrrheaof netiom-------------------------------------------------7S4 8 1 7 Other infectionsof netiorn-------------------------------------765-76: 29 1 2 6 6 14 Necnataldisordersarisingfrom maternaltoxem.ia--------------------76S 111 X3 23 24 25 26 

Hemolytic )---------------------77C 279 4 12 31 44 188 Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newborn--------------------------------------771 123 4 10 12 24 73 111-@efineddiseasespecullsrto.e=ly Infancy, 

77S 

difieaseof newborn (erytbroblastosis 

includingnutritionalmalsdjustuent----------------------------772, 230 47 52 42 39 50 Immatt_mSty with msntion of any other subsidiarycotiition-----------774 73 8 18 22 16 9 Ium!aturity mqulified----------------------------------------------77C1,472 4S6 494 312 135 65 All other causes------------------.------------------------------Residml481 15 9 20 60 377 

WHITE1-------------------------------------------------All causes 5,114 S25 824 808 2,044 

(Stsnderdweight totals)--------------------------------------- (5,114 (632 (% (828 (805 (2,031) 

Congenitalmlfmti0ns------------------------------------------75O-75S 744 2 22 62 128 530 Certaindiseasesof esrly infsncy---------------------------------76O-77C 4,091 614 786 752 642 1,297 

Birth tijwiea--------------------------------------------------7SO, 904 78 101 115 124 486 Intracranialand SPI.UE1injury 8P birth---------------------------76C 545 14 30 66 70 357 Otherbirth tijwy------------------------------------------------76l 359 64 71 49 46 129 

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectasis----------------------------------762 

761 

1,131 96 160 255 257 3s3 -----------------------------7S3 210 6 17 30 34 123 Disrrheaof newbm-------------------------------------------------7S4 5 1 4. 

Other infectionsof mwbon-------------------------------------765-7Se 18 1 4 s 7 

Neonataldisordersalslng fram maternaltoxemia--------------------769 96 13 23 24 16 20 

diseaseof newborn (erytbroblsstosis 

Fneumoniaof newborn-----------------. 

Hemolybic: )---------------------77C 263 4 10 29 43 177 Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newborn--------------------------------------77l 93 4 8 10 18 53 

Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto early infsncy, 

includingnutritionalunlad@tmnt-------------:--------------772,773 151 31 41 28 29 22 

Immaturitywith mention of ~ other subsidiarycondition-----------774 54 6 17 19 13 9 

Immaturitymqualified----------------------------------------------776 1,156 37s 408 237 102 33 All other cause6-------------------------------------------------Residul 279 9 5 10 38 217 

NONK61TE1----------------------------------------------All causes 1,179 155 168 161 150 545 

(stana=a weight totals)--------------------------------------- (1,179 (155 (168 (162 (151 (543: 

Congenitalmlf-ti0ns------------------------------------------75O-759 85 6 5 19 55 Certaindiseasesof early infancy--------------------------------760-776 892 149 158 14s 109 330 Birth tijuies--------------------------------------------------7SO,76l154 12 13 7 l.?! 109 Intracranialand spinel injuryat birth---------------------------76O 101 5 9 1 10 76 

Other birth inj~------------------------------------------------76l 53 7 4 6 3 33 Postnatalaspmia and atelectai+is----------------------------------762180 27 37 28 24 64 

Pneumoniaof newbm----------------------------------------.-------763 79 1 5 13 10 50 

Diarrhea of mwborn-----,--------------------------------------------764 3 3 Other infectionsof newbm-------------------------------------765-7S8 11 1 1 2 7 

Neonataldisorderssrisingfrom um.ternaltoxemia--------------------769 15 9 6 

Hemolytic )---------------------770 16 2 2 1 11 

Hemorrhagicdisease of newborn--------------------------------------77l 30 2 2 s 20 

Ill-defineddiseasespeculi= to euly infancy, 

773 

diseaseof newborn (erythroblsstosis 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment----------------------------772, 79 16 11 14 10 28 

Immaturitywith mention of sny othqr subsidiarycondition-----------774 9 2 1 3 3 

Imnatmity wq~lified----------------------------------------------776 316 90 86 75 33 32 

All other causes-------------------------------------------------Resid=l 202 6 4 10 22 160 

See footnoteon P. 272. 
---------------------------------------

------------------------

272 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIAL REPORTS 

TAHLE 12. DEATR8 UNDER 28 DAYS FROM SEI.ECTEO CAUSESBY BIRTH WEIGEW,AGE, ANll RACE: UNITEO STATES, JANUARY 1 TO MARcH 31, 1950—Continued 

(Seeheadnoteon p. 268) 

B~TH W321GST(IN GRAMS) 

AGE, 2ACE, AND CAUSE OF DEATH Total 1,000 1,001- 1,501- 2,001-

1:s 1,500 2,000 2,500 

7-27 DAYS 

~ ~c@--- ------------------------------------Ail causes 2,352 266 289 335 (Stand@rdweight total.)----------------------------------- (2,35i (:: (267 (2M (337 

Congenital mlf0mtl0ns------------------------------------------750-75g 5L? 1 5 21 66 CertaindiseasesOf early inf8ncY---760---------------------------76O-7761,34S 6: 249 242 181 --------------------760,761 114 6 ls 10 9 Intracranialand spinal injuryat birth---------------------------76O 96 ~ 8 7 9 Otherbirth inJWy--------------------------------------------.---76l lE s 7 3 Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectafiis-------------.--------------------762139 7 24 34 17 Pneumoniaof newborn------------------------------------------------76336C 2 37 36 56 Diarrhea”of newbom-------------------------------------------------764 134 9 24 22 Other infectionsOf mwborn-------------------------------------765-766 31 2 7 3 arisingfrom maternaltoxemia-----------.--

Birth injuries-------------------’----------- 

NeonatalfliSOrderB .-----769 e 1 5 Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn (erytbrobl.astosie )---------------------77o 45 2 3 7 Hemorrhagicdiseaseof nawborn--------------------------------------77l 3C 3 2 7 4 peculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalml& Justwnt---------------------.------772,773 130 7 26 20 23 Immaturitywith mantion of any other subsidiarycondition-----------774 41 2 7 21 2 Immaturitymqulified------------------------------------------.---776 291 3e 124 73 38 All other causes-------------------------------------------------Residwl496 2 14 26 68 

WHITE1----------------------------- cause6 1,752 193 196 249 

Ill-defineddiseafias 

--------------------All 

(Standardweight totals) (1,752 (R (193 (194 (249 

Congenitalulf0mti0n8------------------------------------------75O-759 469 1 5 20 61 Certaindisea6esof early infancy---------------------------------76O-776 950 51 177 163 ,127 

Birth injuries-------------------------------------------------76O,76l 92 3 14 9 9 Intracranialand spinnl injuryat birth---------------------------76O 77 7 6 9 Other birth injmy------------------------------------------------76l 15 3 7 3 Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectasis----------------------------------762 116 4 20 26 16 Fnaummia of newbon------------------------------------------------763 261 2 29 25 36 Diarrheaof newborn-------------------------------------------------764 97 - 7 13 17 Other infectionsof Ewborn-------------------------------------765-766 19 2 2 Neonataldisordersurisingfrom maternaltoxemia--------------------769 4 1 3 ,-

Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn (erythroblastosis)---------------------770 36 2 3 5 Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newborn--------------------------------------77l 21 3 1 7 1 Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment-----------.----------------772,773 76 4 17 11 15 Immaturitywith mentionof any other subsidiarycondition-----------774 52 2 4 15 2 Immaturityunqualified ----------------------776 196 33 ’82 49 24 All other causes-------------------------------------------------Residul333 2 11 X3 41 

caufies .86 (Standardwaight total.)--------------------------------------- (% (: (E (: (86 

Congenitalmlf0rmti0ns------------------------------------------75O-759 44 1 5 Certaindiseasesof early infaucy---------------------------------76O-776 393 14 72 79 54 Birth injwies--------------------------------------------------76O,76l 22 3 1 1 

Intracranialand spinal injuryat birth---------------------------76O 19 3 1 1 

Other birth injmy------------------------------------------------76l 3 

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectasis----------------------------------762 23 3 4 8 1 PUeUUK!IIia 

NO~I~1----------------------------------------------All 

Of neWb0~-------------------------------------.----------763 119 6 13 20 Diarrheaof newborn-------------------------------------------------764 37 2 11 5 

Other infectionsof newborn-------------------------------------765-766 12 2 5 1 

NeonataldisordersE@s ing from maternaltoxemia-------—-----------769 4 2 )---------------------77o 9 2 

Hemorrhagicdi8ea6eof newborn--------------------------------------77l 9 1 3 

Ill-defineddiseases~eculiarto early infancy, 

includingnutritionalmaladjustment----------------------------772,773 54 3 9 9 0 

Immaturitywith mention of any other fiubsidiary 

Hemolyticdiseafieof newborn (erythroblastosis 

condition-----------774 9 3 6 

Immaturitywqwlified----------------------------------------------776 95 5 42 24 14 

All other causes-------------------------------------------------Residml163 3 1.?! 27 

2,501 

or 

more 

1,392 

(1,401) 

400 

606 

74 

69 

5 

57 

247 

79 

19 

2 

33 

14 

34 

9 

16 

386 

1,060 

(1,065) 

362 

432 

57 

55 

2 

50 

169 

60 

I.-5 

26 

9 

29 

9 

8 

266 

332 

(336) 

36 

174 

17 

14 

3 

7 

78 

19 

4 

2 

7 

5 

25 

10 

120 

%!haeetotals differ so!nawhat from the correspondingetande.rdtotals shown in parenthesesbelow because of the procedureused 

for distributiugthe birth weightsnot stated. For discussion, aee fiection intext on Distributionof “not stated”birth waights. 
Vol. 39, No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO

TABLE 13. PKSCENTAGE DISTSIBUTION OF I13AT6SUNDER 28 DAYS AT SFECIF1321AGES,

CAUSE AND AGE 273

m smzcm ?AU5E5. m mom WEIGHT: UNITED STATES.

JANUARY 1 TO MkRCR 31, 1950

(Based on deaths under 28 days among children born Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Birth weights not stated are distributed. Rxcludes

data for Massachusetts. Numbers after causes of death are categon numbers of the Sixth Revision nfthe International lists, 194S.

Two dots (..) in~cate percent not computed where base is less than 100)

AGE AND CAUSE OF DEA!JE

mom 2s DAYS

AU CAUSES----------------------------------------

Congenital ml-formations-------------------------------750-75!

Certain diaeasen of early infancy----------------------76O-77l

Birth injmies---------------------------------------76O-76

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth----------------76(

Other birth injury-------------------------------------76

Postnatkl asphyxia and atelectasis-----------.-----------7G

Pneumonsa of nawborn-------------------------------------7G

Diarrhea of newborn--------------------------------------7&

Other infections of newborn--------------------------765-76/

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia---------76$

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)----------77(

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------77l

Ill-defined diseeaes peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional maladjustment------------.----772,77?

Immaturity with mention ofany other subsidiary condition-774

Immaturity unqual.ified-----------------------------------77(

All other cau6e8--------------------------------------Reaidml

UNDFR 1HOUR

AIL CAUSES----------------------------------------

Congenital melformati0ns-------------------------------75O-75S

Certain dlseasea of early infancy----------------------76O-77C

Birth lnjWies--------------------.------------------76O,76]

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth------.---------76C

Other birth i@uY------------------. ------------------76]

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis--------------.--------762

pneumonia of newborn-------------------------------------76:

Dierrhea of newbnm--------------------------------------764

Other infections of neWbOrn--------------------------765-76e

Neonatal disordere arising from maternal toxemia---------76S

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)----------770

Hemorrhagic diseaae of newborn----------------.----------77l

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early Infancy,

includlng nutritional mal.ad@tment-----------------772,773

Immaturity with mentionof any other subsidiary condition-774

Immaturity mqmMfied-----------------------------------776

All other cau6es--------------------------------------Re6ldul

1-23 HOURS

ALL CAUSES----------------------------------------

Congenital mXOmtiO~--------------------.----------75O-759

C.fiain diseases of early itiancy----------------------76O-776

Birth injmies-----------------------------,----------76O,76l

Intracranial and spinal injury at’birth----------------76O

Other birth injmy-------------------------------------76l

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasi~-----------------------762

Fneumomia of n~bom-------------------------------------7~

Di=h.a of newborn--------------------------------------764

Other infections of nawborn--------------------------765-76S

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia---------769

Hemolytic dlseaee of newborn (erythrobliwtosis)----------770

Hemorrhagic disease ot n.wbo~---------------------------77l

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional maladjustment-----------------772,773

Immaturity with mentionof any other aubaidiary condition-774

Immaturity unqualifiad-----------------------------------776

Au Other .aUSeS-------------------------------------Residwl

Total

lCO.O

12.7

79.5

16.2

7.1

9.1

17.a

4.2

0.9

0.4

1.7

3.2

1.2

4.0

1.2

28.7

7.s

100.0

1.5.6

77.8

21.7

4.0

17.7

13.o

0.1

0

0.1

2.2

3.1

0.4

3.5

1.0

32.7

6.6

100.0

5.1

88.5

18.3

5.8

12.5

20.5

0.6

0.0

0.0

2.1

2.4

0.7

4.0

1.0

38.9

3.4

BIRIE WEIGHT (IN GRAMS)

1,000

or

less

100. c

(). $

98.:

13.(

1.:

12.C

13.7

0.2

c

O.c

1.7

O.E

0.:

5.2

1.C

61.8

0.s

100.0

3.5

96.5

16.1

0.7

15.4

9.6

0

0

0

1.8

1.0

0.2

5.0

0.7

62.1

0

100.0

0.3

99.1

13.8

1.3

12.4

14.2

0.1

0

0

L.8

0.4

0.2

4.8

1.0

62.8

0.6

1,001.

1,500

100. (

3.[

94.(

12.:

2.4

9.[

17.:

2./

0.:

0.1

2.1

1.1

0.:

5.?

1.:

51.:

1.:

100.C

18.1

76.5

8.e

c

8.6

10.4

0

0

0

2.3

2.7

0

3.6

3.6

45.7

5.0

100.0

2.6

96.8

14.6

1.6

13.o

18.5

0.6

0

0

2.2

0.8

0.1

4.6

1.5

53.9

0.7

1,501-

2,000

100.0

8.7

55.4

13.5

4.$

8.5

24.4

3.6

1.0

0.5

2.6

2.2

1.0

4.2

2.4

32.9

2.9

100.0

28.9

67.5

19.3

4.2

1.5.1

10.2

0

0

0

4.2

4.8

1.2

0.6

0

27.1

3.6

100.0

7.5

90.6

16.5

3.9

12.6

26.1

0.7

0

0

2.8

1.0

0.4

4.0

1.5

37.5

2.0

2,001-

2,500

100. c

17.(

73.:

13.2

7.C

6.:

24.:

5.C

1.1

0.4

2.1

4.C

1.E

4.2

1.2

~.$

9.:

100.0

24.8

54.9

19.0

3.9

15.o

12.4

0

0

0

0

4.6

0

2.6

1.3

15.o

20.3

100.0

13.2

80.8

15.7

6.8

8.8

30.2

0.s

0.2

0

2.9

4.0

1.6

3.4

0.9

21.1

6.0

2,500

or

less

100. (

6.(

90.:

X5.:

3.(

9.:

19.2

2.:

0.:

0.?

2.1

1.i

O.t

4.[

1.f

43.5

3.2

100.C

12.$

S2.E

1.5.5

1.5

14.C

10.2

c

o

0

2.0

2.4

0.3

3.8

1.2

47.4

4.2

100.0

4.1

84.3

14.8

2.6

12.1

19.9

0.5

0.0

0

2.3

1.1

0.4

4.4

1.3

49.8

1.6

2,501

or

more

100.0

23.5

60.6

21.6

13.1

8.5

1.5.4

7.2

1.4

0.6

1.1

5.7

1.9

2.6

0.4

2.7

1.5.9

100.0

20.9

67.6

34.4

9.2

25.2

18.6

0.4

0

0.2

2.7

4.7

0.7

2.9

0.5

2.5

11.5

100.0

21.2

69.S

29.6

16.0

13.6

22.6

1.0

0

0.1

1.6

6.5

1.6

2.5

0.1

4.2

9.0
2’74 VITAL STATISTICS-SPECIALREPORTS

TAHm 13. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF-DEATIW UNDE6 28 DAYS AT SP2CIFIED AGES, BY SELEC~ CAUSES, BY BI~ WEIGHT: UNITED STATES,

JANUABY 1 TO MPRCH 31, 1950—Continued

(See headnote on p. 273)

AGE AND CAUSE OF DEATH

1-6 DAYS

AIL CAUSES----------------------------------------

Congenital malf0rmati0ns-------------------------------75O-75S

Certain diseases of early iu.fancy----------------------76O-776

Birth injWies---------------------------------------76O,"76l

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth----------------76O

Other birth injury-------------------------------------76l

Postnatal aaph~a and atelectasis-----------------------762

Pneumonia of newborn-------------------------------------763

Diarrhea Of newborn--------------------------------------784

Other infections of newborn--------------------------765-76S

Neonatal disorders ari6ing from maternal toxetia---------769

Hemol@ic disease of newborn (erythroblastosia)----------77o

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------77l

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional m81.adjustment-----------------772, 773

Immaturity with mention of any other Subsidiary condition-774

Immaturity unqual.ified-----------------------------------776

All other cau6es--------------------------------------Reeidual

7-27 DAYS

ALL CAUSES----------------------------------------

Congenital m.9lf0rmati0na-------------------------------75O-759

Certain diseases of early infancy----------------------76O-776

Birth injWiea---------------------------------------76O,76l

Intracranial and epinel injury at birth----------------76O

Other birth injury-------------------------------------761

Postnatal asphyzia and atelecta6is-----------------------762

Pneumoniaof newborn-----”--------------------------------763

Diarrhea of newborn--------------------------------------764

Other infections of newborn--------------------------765-768

Neonatal disorders arising from.nmternal toxemia---------769

Eemolytic dlaeaae of newborn (erythroblmtcmis )----------770

Hemorrhagic diBeae.eof newborn---------------------------77l

Ill-clefbed tiaeases peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional meladjuatment-----------------772,773

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condftion-774

Immaturity unqualified-----------------------------------776

All other cauaea--------------------------------------Residual

Total

100.0

1.3.2

79.2

16.8

10.3

6.5

20.8

4.6

0.1

0.5

1.8

4.4

2.0

3.7

1.2

23.4

7.6

100.0

21.8

57.1

4.s

4.1

0.8

5.9

16.2

5.7

1.3

0.3

1.9

1.3

5.5

1.7

12.4

21.1

1, 0+30

or

less

100.0

0.3

97.8

11.5

2.4

9.1

1.5.8

0.s

o

0.1

;::

0.5

6.0

1.0

59.7

1.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0

0

0

0

..

..

..

..

,.

BIRILSWEIGHT (~ GBAM9)

1,001-

1,500

100.C

2.5

96.2

11.E

4.C

7.E

20.1

2.2

c

0.2

2.3

1.2

1.0

5.3

1.8

50.4

0.s

100.0

1.9

92.9

5.6

3.0

2.6

9.0

X5.8

3.4

0.7

0.4

0.7

0.7

9.7

2.6

46.3

5.2

1,501-

2,000

100.0

6.8

91.2

12.4

6.8

5.6

2S.7

4.4

0.1

0.6

2.4

3.1

1.2

+.3

2.2

31.7

2.0

100.0

7.3

83.7

3.5

2.4

1.0

11.8

33.1

8.3

2.4

1.7.

1.0

2.4

6.9

7.3

25.3

9.0

2,001-

2,500

100.0

15.3

7s.4

14.3

9.2

5.1

29.3

4.6

0

0.6

2.6

4.6

2.5

4.1

1.7

14.1

6.3

100.0

25.7

54.0

2.7

2.7

0

5.1

16.7

6.6

0.9

0

2.1

1.2

6.9

0.6

11.3

20.3

2,500

or

lese

100.0

6.6

S0.6

12.5

5.8

6.7

23.9

3.1

0.0

0.4

2.3

2.5

1.3

4.9

1.7

3s.0

2.8

100.0

11.8

76.S

4.2

2.8

1.4

8.5

1.3.9

5.7

1.2

0.6

1.2

1.7

7.9

3.3

2S.4

11.5

2,501

or

more

100.0

22.6

62.8

23.0

16.7

6.3

16.5

6.7

0.3

0.5

1.0

7.3

2.8

1.9

0.3

2.5

14.6

100.0

28.7

43.5

5.3

5.0

0.4

4.1

17.7

5.7

1.4

0.1

2.4

1.0

3.9

0.6

1.3

27.7
Vol. 39, No. 6 REIATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 275

TABLE 14. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION CF DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FOR SE123CTEDCAU8ES, BY AGE, BYBZRTH WEIGHT: UNITED WATES,

JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950

(BaBed on deaths under 2S days among children born Jan. 1 to Mar ~ 31, 1950. Birth weights not stated are distributed.

Excludes data for Mas6achusett.s. Numbers after causes of death are categozy numbers of the Sixth Revision of the

International Lists, 1948. Two dots (..) indicete percent not computed where base is less then 100)

CAUSE OF DEATH AND AGE

ALL WU~S ------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 d~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hou--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hous ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 d~a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Congenital maEomatims-----------------------------------------------------75O-75S

Under 1 d~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hou--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 ho~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 d~s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Certain diseases of early Wmcy--------------------------------------------76O-776

Under 1 day-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hom--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 d~S -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Birth injuries---------------------------------------------------------------76O,76l

Under 1 dW-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 how--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 d~s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at btith------------------------------------------76O

Under 1 dq-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hom--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hous ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 d~s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 d~s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other birth injq---------------------------------------------------------------76l

Under 1 dW-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 how--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hovs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 d~s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Postnatal asp~ia and atelectasia-----------------------------------------------762

Under 1 &y-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hom-------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Infections of nmborn------------------------------------------------763,764,765-768

Under 1 dq-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 ho~--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total

100.0

48.4

10.1

38.3

37.6

14.0

100.0

36.9

12.4

24.5

39.0

24.1

100.0

52.5

9.9

42.6

37.4

10.1

lCC).O

56.8

13.5

43.3

39.0

4.2

100.0

37.3

5.7

31.5

54.6

S.1

100.0

71.9

19.6

52.3

26.9

1.2

100.0

51.4

7.3

44.0

43.9

4.7

100.0

4.7

0.3

4.4

35.7

59.6

BIRTH WEIGRT

(m GRAMS)

2,500

or

less

100.(

56.:

10.(

45.7

34.7

9.(

100.(

49.1

20.$

28.2

34.E

16.1

100 .C

57.5

9.E

47.7

34.e

7.e

100.C

64.1

12.6

51.5

33.1

2VS

100.c

37.8

4.4

33.4

55.2

7.0

100.0

74.1

15.7

58.4

24,7

1.3

100.0

52.9

5.7

47.2

43.1

4.0

100.0

6.5

0

6.5

37.2

56.3

2,501

or

more

100.0

34.4

9.2

25.2

42.7

23.0

100.0

30.9

S.1

22.7

41.1

28.1

100.0

39.2

10,2

29.0

44.3

16.5

100.0

49.0

14.6

34.5

45.4

5:6

100.0

37.0

6.4

30.6

54.3

8.7

100.0

67.6

27.2

40.4

31.5

1.0

100.0

48.1

11.1

37.0

45.8

6.1

100.0

3.6

0.5

3.0

34.7

61.7
276

TAHIE 14. PERCENTAGE

VITAL STATISTICS—SPECIAL REPORTS

DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FOR SEIJZCTEOCAUSES, BY AGE, BY BJRTH WEIGHT : UNITED STATES,

JANUARY 1 TO MAHCH 31, 1950—Continued

(See headnote on p. 275]

CAUSE OF DEATH AND AGE

pneumonia of newborn-. -.--... --------_ ------------------.------------------------763

Under 1 day-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hou--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hours----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 d~S -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia---------------------------------769

Under 1 day-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 how--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hemolytic disease of newborn (eryttioblastosis)----------------------------------77O

Under 1 d~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 how--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------------------------------77l

Under 1 day-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hom--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hours----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ill-clefined diseases peculiar to early infanty, including nutritional

ualadjustment---------------------------------------------------------------772,773

Under 1 day-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hom--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any’other subsidiary condition------------------------774

Under 1 day-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hom--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 homs------------------------------------------'----------------------------------

1-6 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 d~s-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Immaturity mqualified-----------------------------------------------------------776

Under 1 day-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 how--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 d~s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

All other causes----------------------------"--------------------------------Reaidual

Under 1 day-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Under 1 hom--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-23 hems ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-6 da~~s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7-27 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total

100.0

5.5

0.3

5.2

40.8

53.7

100.0

59.2

13.0

46.2

38.0

2.7

100.0

38.9

10.0

28.9

52.6

8.5

100.0

24.3

3.5

20.8

60.9

14.9

100.0

46.4

8.0

37.6

34.2

19.3

100.0

40.9

8.8

32.1

37.8

21.2

100.0

63.3

11.5

51.9

30.6

6.0

100.0

25.2

S.6

16.6

36.S

38.0

BIRTH WEIGHT

(IN GRAMS)

2,500

or

less

100.0

8.1

0

8.1

42.8

49.1

100.0

59.4

10.3

49.1

37.9

2.7

100.0

43.7

14.8

29.0

49.7

6.6

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

..

100.0

50.2

8.4

41.8

35.0

14.8

100.0

43.9

8.2

35.7

37.4

18.7

100.0

63.9

11.6

52.3

30.3

5.9

100.0

37.2

14.1

23.2

30.5

32.3

2,501

or

more

100.0

3.9

0.5

3.4

39.6

56.5

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

100.0

36.3

7.5

28.8

54.2

9.5

100.0

24.3

3,5

20.9

63.5

12.2

100.0

34.2

10.1

24.1

31.6

34.2

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

100.0

48.4

8.7

39.8

40.4

11.2

100.0

20.9

6.6

14.3

39.1

40.0
Vol. 39,. No. 6 RELATION OF WEIGHT AT BIRTH TO CAUSE AND AGE 277

TABLE 15. DEATHS UNDES 2S DAYS, BY BIRTS WEIGET (UNADJUWO), AGE, RACE, AND SEX: UIWIZD STATES, JANUARY1 TO MARCH 31, 1950

(~cludes deaths =IOKISchildrenImrn Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Excludes data for Massachusetts)

RACE, Am, AND SEX

IiLL RKEs-------------------

IJn(ler 1 how--------------------------

1-23 hours----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

2 aay6--------------------------------

3 days--------------------------------

4 aayii------------------------------=

5 says--------------------------------

6 days--------------------------------

7-13 days-----------------------------

14-20 days----------------------------

21-27 days----------------------------

Male------------------------------

Under 1 hour--------------------------

1-23 hours----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

2 days--------------------------------

3 days--------------------------------

4 days’--------------------------------

5 says--------------------------------

6 days--------------------------------

7-H @E-----------------------------

14-20 clays----------------------------

21-27 days----------------------------

Female----------------------------

Unaer 1 hour--------------------------

1-23 hours----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

2 days--------------------------------

3 says--------------------------------

4 says--------------------------------

5 says--------------------------------

6 days--------------------------------

7-13 Maya-----------------------------

14-20 says ----------------------------

21-27 Flays----------------------------

Whim---------------------------

Unaer 1 hour--------------------------

1-23 hours’----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

,2days --------------------------------

3 aayfi--------------------------------

4 frays--------------------------------

5 a.9yfi --------------------------------

6 aayfi--------------------------------

7-I.3(lays-----------------------------

14-20 days----------------------------

21-27 kys----------------------------

Male ------------------------------

Unaer 1 how--------------------------

1-23 hmm----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

z days--------------------------------

3 “says--------------------------------

4 says--------------------------------

5 days--------------------------------

6 says--------------------------------

7-3.3says-----------------------------

14-20 days----------------------------

21-27 days----------------------------

Total

16,741

1,691

6,405

2,470

1,663

928

519

420

293

1,141

678

533

9,751

920

3,775

1,470

993

562

310

241

158

620

378

324

6,990

771

2,630

1,000

670

366

209

179

1.35

521

300

209

1.3,521

1,403

5,252

2,040

1,388

747

399

326

214

634

494

404

7,952

761

3,122

1,225

829

451

246

190

119

471

283

255

BIRTH W16ST (IN GRAMS)

.,000

or

less

2,782

440

1,620

305

177

79

+3

37

24

36

17

4

1,451

246

869

142

84

37

20

23

10

15

3

2

1,331

194

751

163

93

42

23

14

14

21

14

2

2,325

379

1,357

255

3.47

60

32

30

18

30

13

4

1,207

211

721

121

68

28

14

17

8

14

3

2

,oo1-

,500

2,355

165

1,118

381

191

104

56

68

43

146

50

33

1,352

81

677

222

112

55

31

41

26

72

21

14

1,003

84

441

1.69

79

49

25

27

17

74

29

19

1,955

135

941

319

159

88

49

56

40

111

34

23

1,161

65

591

195

93

46

29

34

25

56

14

13

.,501-

,000

2,071

128

831

3s3

247

110

59

43

21

,144

59

46

1,267

59

531

230

150

75

40

25

8

81

30

30

804

69

300

145

97

35

19

18

13

63

29

16

1,722

111

705

331

222

89

47

32

12

106

38

29

1,068

52

453

210

142

60

34

20

4

58

19

16

!,ool-

!,500

1,812

118

552

313

241

135

63

55

39

136

94

66

1,094

65

342

202

156

87

42

24

22

64

51

39

718

53

210

111

83

48

21

31

17

72

43

27

1,495

106

443

276

218

117

43

40

28

107

64

53

924

59

278

177

142

75

31

19

18

54

38

33

,501-

,000

1,666

113

425

238

207

147

74

48

28

159

120

105

959

52

245

157

125

89

40

22

18

86

60

65

707

63

1s0

81

82

58

34

26

10

73

60

40

1,352

90

3!54

201

178

118

62

36

ls

118

94

82

779

36

205

133

106

74

37

16

,15

63

44

52

,oo1-

,500

1,S46

184

448

235

212

145

80

52

42

197

139

152

1,102

88

271

X52

136

95

49

29

26

111

86

79

744

76

177

103

76

50

31

23

16

86

53

53

1,511

157

368

3-97

173

120

83

46

36

165’

104

102

912

78

225

110

107

78

37

27

22

96

68

64

i,501-

,,000

1,113

103

274

163

118

85

59

45

27

106

78

57

71s

70

166

104

74

60

39

34

15

73.

48

40

396

33

108

59

44

25

20

11

14

35

30

.17

872

85

219

126

96

62

45

35

16

76

64

48

565

59

135

76

61

43

30

27

8

54

39

33

,oo1-

,500

423

31

120

67

54

26

18

11

7

43

24

22

276

19

74

49

34

18

11

7

3

26

20

13

147

ls

46

18

20

8

7

4

4

17

4

7

332

27

100

52

40

18

13

10

5

32

17

16

219

17

62

36

25

14

8

6

2

20

13

14

,,501

or,

216

2

39

20

13

10

6

6

29

1.2

9

1.36

14

28

25

13

8

6

4

5

20

6

7

80

11

19

14

7

5

4

2

1

9

6

2

158

16

23

24

14

U

6

3

3

21

9

8

63

10

14

13

8

6

4

2

2

14

4

6

Not

tatea

2,455

402

970

346

196

84

57

55

56

145

85

59

1,395

226

572

199

109

38

32

32

27

74

53

33

1,060

176

398

147

87

46

25

23

29

71

32

26

1,819

317

742

259

141

64

37

38

37

88

57

39

1,034

174

438

154

77

27

22

22

17

42

39

22
278 VITAL STATISTICS--SPECIAL REPORTS

TABLE15. DEATESmims 28 DAYS, BY BD7TB WEIOHT (UNAUJOSLKIO),AGE, WC+, AND SEX: W’TED STA~S, YANUABY 1 ~ ~CH 31) ~950-COn.

(Includes deaths emrg children born Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Excludes data for Massachusetts)

BmIB WEIGST (IN -)

L,ool1,500

.,501-

!>000

HACZ, AGE, AND SEX 1,000

or

less

L,Sol

or

more

?,001-

!,500

2,501-

5,000

3,001-

5,500

i,501-

,,000

L,oolI,500

Not

stated

WIWIX-continued

Female----------------------------

TJnder 1 how--------------------------

1-23 hours----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

2 days------------ --.---------------.

3 day6--------------------------------

4 days--------------------------------

5 aay.s--------------------------------

6 days--------------------------------

7-I.3aayfi-----------------------------

14-20 days----------------------------

21-27 dayw----------------------------

NONWHITE------------------------

Under 1 hour--------------------------

1-23 hours ----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

2 days--------------------------------

3 a=w--------------------------------

4 clays--------------------------------

5 days--------------------------------

6 aay8--------------------------------

7-3.3Maya-----------------------------

14-20 days----------------------------

21-27 dajw ---------------------------

Male------------------------------

UndaT 1 hm.r--------------------------

1-23 hours----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

2 says--------------------------------

3 days--------------------------------

4 clays--------------------------------

5 Wy+-- -----------------------------

6 clays--------------------------------

7-13 says-----------------------------

14-20 daft+----------------------------

21-27 daYB ----------------------------

Femle ----------------------------

Under 1 how--------------------------

1-23 hours----------------------------

1 day---------------------------------

2 clays--------------------------------

3 da~--------------------------------

4 aay6--------------------------------

5 says---.----------------------------

6 sap--------------------------------

7-13 days-----------------------------

14-20 clays----------------------------

21-27 days----------------------------

5,569

642

2,130

815

559

296

153

136

95

383

211

149

3,220

1,118

168

636

134

79

32

18

13

10

16

10

2

457

794

70

350

124

66

42

20

22

15

55

20

10

400

654

59

252

121

80

29

I-3

12

8

48

19

13

349

17

126

52

25

21

12

11

9

38

21

17

189

7

78

28

8

15

6

5

4

23

11

14

150

10

48

24

17

6

6

6

5

15

10

3

571

47

165

99

76

42

12

21

10

53

26

20

317

573

54

149

68

72

44

25

20

6

55

50

30

314

599

59

143

87

66

42

26

19

14

69

36

38

335

307

26

84

50

35

19

15

8

8

22

25

15

243

113

10

38

16

15

4

7

4

3

12

2

2

91

55

6

9

11

6

5

2

1

1

7

5

2

78

785

143

304

105

64

37

).3

16

20

46

18

17

636

30

177

62

32

16

7

12

3

35

16

10

191

16

86

27

19

8

2

7

1

16

7

1

209

14

91

35

13

7

5

5

2

19

9

9

12

109

37

23

18

20

15

11

29

30

13

170

6

64

25

14

12

11

5

4

10

13

6

L47

6

45

12

9

6

9

10

7

19

17

7

27

80

38

39

25

17

6

6

32

35

30

190

10

46

22

29

17

12

2

4

15

18

15

145

17

34

16

10

8

5

4

2

17

17

Is

18

55

37

?2

23

14

10

11

30

14

9

154

11

31

28

13

17

9

7

5

17

9

7

89

7

24

9

9

6

5

3

6

13

5

2

85

228

87

55

20

20

17

19

57

288

1,163

430

275

181

120

94

79

287

184

129

1,799

159

6S3

245

164

111

64

51

39

149

95

69

1,421

129

500

185

111

70

56

43

40

138

89

60

61

263

50

30

19

11

7

6

6

4

244

35

148

21

16

9

6

6

2

1

213

26

115

29

14

10

5

1

4

5

4

25

71

37

29

29

12

l-z

9

41

26

23

180

16

40

24

19

15

3

6

5

23

16

13

134

9

31

H

10

14

9

6

4

18

10

10

4

20

15

14

8

3

1

2

11

7

6

57

2

12

13

9

4

3

1

1

6

5

1

34

2

8

2

5

4

1

5

2

5

8

24

15

6

2

4

3

3

8

3

1

53

4

14

12

5

2

2

2

3

6

2

1

25

5

10

3

1

2

1

2

1

28

20

361

52

134

45

32

11

10

10

10

32

14

11

275

33

94

42

23

9

10

7

9

25

14

9
.

D~7!HSUNDEII28 DAySFHC148EuC~D CAU8ES,By BIRTHWEIGHT(lJNADJU8TEll ), RACE,

amongchildrenborn Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Exeludeedatafor Masaachusetts.

TABLE16.

(Includesdeaths

AND SJIX: UNITEDSTATES,JANUAHY1 TO MARCH31, 1950

Numbersaftercauses.ofdeath are categorynumbere of the

S&th Revisionof the InternationalLista, 1948)

II

Total 1,000

or

less

16,741 2,782

2,I.z’l

13,308

2,712

1,458

1,254

1,183

885

298

1,529

573

956

2,983

1,166

1,817

708

512

196

143

93

50

63

46

17

292

77

215

530

412

118

202

142

60

672

190

482

193

4,“610

521

586

178

21

BIRTHWEIGHi7(INGRAMS)

HACE,SEX,AND CAUSj3OF DEATH 4,501

or

more

1,001-

1,500

1,501-

2,000

2,071

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,000

3,001-

3,500

1,846

3,501-

4,000

i,115

4,001-

4,500

Not

stated

-

ALL RAOES,BOTH SEXES----------------A11 causes 2,355 1,812 1,666 423 216 2,455

Congenitalmalformations-----------------------.75O-759

Certaindiseaseaof earlyinfency---------------76O-776

Birth injuries--------------------------------76O,76l

Withoutmentionof.immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Intracranialand spinalinjuryat birth-------76O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.O)-------------

With immaturity(.5)---------------------------

Otherbirth injury---------------.. -----------76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.O)-------------

With inunaturity(.5)---------------------------

Postnatalaaphyxiaand atelectasis----------------762

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Pneumoniaof newborn------------------------.-----763

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Biarrheaof newborn---------------. ---------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Otherinfectionsof newborn-------------------765-766

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Neonataldisordersarisingfrommaternaltoxemia--769

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-,4)--------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)----------------------------

Hemolyticdieeaseof newborn(erythroblaetoaia )---77O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.2)--------------

With immaturity(.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagicdiseaeeof newborn--------------------77l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)---:---------------------------

111-def~eddiseasespeculiarto earlyinfancy,

includingnutritionalmaladjustment----------772,773

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Immaturitywith mentionof any other

‘subsidiarycondition-.------------------.--------774

Immaturitywrqualified----------------------------776

Symptomsand ill-definedconditions-------------78O-795

All otherdiseases-----------------------------Residual

Accidents-------------------------------------E800-E962

Homicide---------------------------------E964,E980-E999

25

2,734

393

14

379

45

2

43

348

12

336

40s

14

391

10

1

9

.

.

1

1

47

1

46

14

-

14

10

2

8

3.47

.

147

30

1,677

11

10

2

91

2,231

296

9

287

60

5

55

236

4

232

436

32

404

58

6

52

8

8

3

2

1

48

2

46

26

4

22

11

1

10

124

7

117

45

1,176

13

17

3

181

1,834

285

55

230

107

30

77

178

25

153

528

78

450

76

17

59

23

3

20

10

2

8

52

4

48

48

23

25

23

7

16

85

9

76

52

652

18

29

9

314

1,344

244

114

130

132

68

64

112

46

66

462

3.85

277

92

51

41

21

7

14

8

4

4

36

14

22

78

50

28

36

22

14

72

24

48

25

270

54

76

24

415

1,037

303

256

47

177

158

19

126

98

28

315

264

51

104

94

10

25

23

2

9

9

21

18

3

114

103

11

22

20

2

45

26

19

14

65

71

107

34

2

482

1,095

393

381

12

250

244

6

143

137

6

276

257

19

140

132

8

31

31

9

9

17

12

5

118

117

1

39

39

40

35

5

3

29

106

121

41

1

245

685

270

268

2

172

171

1

98

97

1

156

148

8

85

83

2

15

15

7

7

-

14

12

2

64

64

31

31

26

22

4

1

16

71

92

22

94

273

.114

110

4

73

72

1

41

38

3

61

46

15

30

29

1

7

4

3

2

2

4

4

22

19

3

11

10

1

10

8

2

12

28

25

3

37

134

69

68

1

36

36

33

32

1

21

21

19

19

3

3

2

2

1

1

2

2

8

6

2

1

8

25

17

3

243

1,941

.345

183

162

131

99

32

214

84

130

323

121

202

94

.80

14

13

10

3

11

8

3

51

8

43

45

31

14

17

8

9

115

53

62

22

905

124

92

37

18
TABLE 16. DEATHS UNDER 28 DAY8 FRM SEIECTED CAUSES, BY BIF3?HWEIGHT (UNADJUSTED), RICE, AND SEX: UNITRD STATES, JANUARY 1 TO NARCH 31, 1950-Cent inued

(See headnote on p. 279)

RACE, SFX, AND CAUSE OF DEATH Total

9,751

1,178

7,798

1,646

S97

749

760

559

201

S86

33s

548

1,828

704

1,124

396

292

104

90

61

29

30

25

5

111

46

125

299

234

65

124

80

44

380

110

270

105

2,729

296

356

111

12

BIRTH WEIG2T (IN GRAMS)

1,000

or

less

1,451

4,501

or

more

1,001-

1,500

1,501-

2,000

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,CO0

3,001-

3,500

3,501-

4,000

719

4,001-

4,500

Not

rbated

ALL RACES; NALE----------------------All cauaes 1,352

42

1,293

183

5

178

35

1

34

14e

4

144

267

15

252

26

4

22

2

2

1

1

25

25

11

1

10

7

7

67

3

64

20

6S4

5

10

2

.-

1,267

94

1,139

177

34

143

71

20

51

106

14

92

342

51

291

44

12

32

14

1

13

5

1

4

30

4

26

26

10

16

16

4

12

47

5

42

32

406

11

17

6

1,094 959 1,102 276 136 1,395

Congenital malfOrmatiOns------------------------750-759

Certain diseases of ea,rlyinfancy---------------76O:776

Birth injuries--------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.O)-----— ----------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth-------76O

Without mention of hmaturity (.O)-------------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------

Other birth injury----------------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.O)-------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia end atelectaai8----------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)------:------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Other infection. of newborn-------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)v---------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia--769

Without mention of’immaturity (.0-.4)--------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)----------------------------

Hemolytic disease_of newborn (erythroblastoaia)---770

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)--------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity “(.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------

111-definad diseasea peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional maladjustment----------772,773

Without.mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other

stiosidiarycondition-----------------------------774

Immaturity unqualified----------------------------776

symptoms and ill-defined.cou&itiona-------------78O-795

AU other diseases-----------------------------Reaidual

Accidenta-------------------------------------E800-E962

Homicide-------------------------,--------E964,E98O-E999

5

1,432

207

11

196

32

1

31

175

10

165

219

5

214

4

4

25

1

24

8

8

7

7

74

74

13

875

6

7

1

170

834

176

78

98

97

47

50

79

31

40

289

104

185

44

23

21

10

3

7

3

2

1

25

7

M

43

28

15

23

13

10

42

11

31

14

165

32

42

16

.-

217

623

181

150

31

111

98

13

70

52

16

202

166

36

61

55

6

19

17

2

6

6

15

12

3

64

57

7

5

4

1“

22

13

9

10

38

34

61

22

2

283

662

244

235

9

159

154

5

85

S1

4

164

152

12

65

79

6

1s

1s

3

3

8

6

2

66

66

26

26

28

24

4

2

1s

60

73

24

141

459

178

178

114

114

64

64

107

100

7

55

53

2

12

12

2

2

9

9

46

46

20

20

17

14

3

M

45

59

15

58

175

72

71

1

49

49

23

22

1

44

33

11

15

14

1

6

4

2

1

1

3

3

12

10

2

9

8

1

7

5

2

6

19

23

1

25

80

3s

37

1

19

19

19

18

1

14

14

12

12

3

3

1

1

1

1

5

3

2

6

17

11

3

143

1,101

190

98

92

73

56

17

117

42

75

180

64

116

50

40

10

9

6

3

6

6

31

4

27

22

15

7

10

4

6

71

32

39

14

518

67

53

21

10
TAME 16. DEATHSUNDER28 DAYSFROM SELECTEDCAUSES,BY BIRTHWEIGHT (UNADJUSTED),RACE,AND SEX:UNITED5TATES,JAWOARY1 TO MARCH31, 1950-Continued

(Seeheadnoteon P. 279)

Ii

RACE, SEX,AND CAUSEOF DEATH Total 1,000

or

less

6,990 1,331

949

5,510

1,066

561

505

423

326

97

643

235

408

1,155

462

693

312

220

92

53

32

21

33

21

12

121

31

90

231

170

53

78

62

16

292

60

212

68

2,081

225

230

67

9

BIRTHWEIGHT(INGRAMS)

1,501-

2,000

4,501

or

more

1,001-

1,500

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,003

3,001-

3,500

3,501-

4,000

4,001-

4,500

Not

]tated

AIL RACES,FHMALE--------------------All cauaes 1>003 S04 718 60 1,060

-

144

510

68

36

32

35

21

14

33

15

18

173

81

92

48

29

20

11

4

7

5

2

3

11

7

4

35

22

13

13

9

4

30

13

17

11

105

22

34

8

707 744 396 147

49

936

113

10:

25

4

21

88

88

169

17

152

32

2

30

6

6

2

1

1

23

2

21

15

3

12

4

1

3

57

4

53

25

492

8

7

1

87

695

108

21

87

36

10

26

72

11

61

186

27

159

32

5

27

9

2

7

5

1

4

22

-,

22

22

13

9

7

3

4

38

4

34

20

246

7

12

3

198

414

122

199

433

149

146

3

91

90

1

58

56

2

112

105

7

55

53

2

13

13

6

6

9

6

3

52

51

1

13

13

12

11

1

1

11

46

48

17

1

104

226

92

90

2

58

57

1

34

33

1

49

46

1

30

30

3

3

5

5

5

3

2

18

18

11

11

9

8

1

1

3

26

33

7

36

98

42

39

3

24

23

1

18

16

2

l-I

13

4

15

X5

1

1

1

1

.

1

1

10

9

1

2

2

3

3

6

9

2

2

12

54

31

31

17

17

14

14

7

7

7

7

2

2

-

1

1

3

3

1

2

6

6

100

640

155

85

70

58

43

15

97

42

55

143

57

86

44

40

4

4

4

5

2

3

20

4

16

23

16

7

7

4

3

44

21

23

e

367

57

39

16

8

CongenitalmalfOrmationa------------------------75O-759

Certaindiseaaesof earlyinfancy---------------76O-776

Birth injuries--------------------------------76O,76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Intracranialend spinalinjuryat birth-------76O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-------------

With immaturity(.5)---------------------------

Otherbirth injury----------------------------76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.O)-------------

With immaturity(.5)---------------------------

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectaaia----------------762

Withoutmentionof inunaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)--T----------------------------

Pneumoniaof newborn------------------------------763

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Diarrheaof newborn-------------------------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Otherinfectionsof newborn-------------------765-768

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Neonataldisordersarisingfrommaternaltoxemia--769

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.4)--------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)----------------------------

Hemolyticdiaeaaeof nawborn(erythroblastosia) ---770

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.2)--------------

With Immaturity(.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagicdiseaaeof newborn--------------------77l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Ill-defineddiseasespeculiarto earlyinfancy,

includingnutritionalmalacljuatment----------772,773

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)1------------------------------

Immaturitywith mentionof any other

subsidiarycondition-----------------------------774

Immaturityunqualified----------------------------776

Symptomsand ill-definedconclitions-------------78O-795

All otherdiseases-----------------------------Residual

Accidenta-------------------------------------E800-E962

Homicide---------------------------------E964,E980-E899

20

1,302

186

3

183

13

1

12

173

2

171

186

9

177

6

1

5

1

-

1

22

22

6

-

6

3

2

1

73

73

17

602

5

3

1

106

16

66

60

6

56

46

10

113

98

15

43

38

4

6

6

3

3

6

6

50

46

4

17

16

1

23

13

10

4

27

37

46

12
TABLE 16. DEATHS UiTDEH28 DAYS FHCM SEIECTED CAUSES, BY BIRJ!HWEIGHT (UNADJUSTED), RACE, MD SEX: UNITED STATES, JAWOABY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950-Continued w

co

w

(See headnote on p. 279)

RACE, SEX, AWD CAUSE Q? DEATH

BIBTH WEIGHT (IN GRAMS)

Tota1

1,000

or

less

4,501

or

more

1,001-

1,500

1,501-

2,000

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,000

3,001-

3,500

3,501-

4,000

4,001-

4,500

Rot

ztated

WHITE, BCYTHSEXES--------------------All causee 13,521

1,930

10,783

2,327

1,1s7

1,140

969

722

247

1,35s

465

893

2,504

957

1,547

503

352

151

103

69

34

39

30

9

246

58

18s

496

380

116

150

100

50

471

98

373

167

3,777

210

448

132

18

2.325 1,955

. so

1,857

270

7

263

4s

3

45

222

4

218

364

23

341

47

4

43

6

6

1

-

1

43

1

42

24

3

21

9

1

8

100

5

95

40

953

4

12

2

1,722 1,495 1,352 1,511 872 332 13s

29

91

51

50

1

25

25

26

25

1

14

14

16

16

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

3

3

12

3

1,819

211

1,441

282

143

139

9s

78

20

184

65

119

239

86

153

56

44

12

10

7

3

6

4

2

43

5

38

42

28

14

14

7

7

72

26

46

18

659

54

70

26

17

Congenital malfOnnatiOns------------------------75O-759

Certain diseases of early infancy---------------76O-776

Birth injuriee.--------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth-------76O

Without mention of immaturity (.O)-------------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------

Other birth injury----------------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.O)-------------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia aud atelectasis----------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn------------------------------763

Without mention of maturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Other infections of newborn-------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With insnaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Neonatal disorders ariaiog from maternal toxemia--769

Without mention of iuinatmrity(.0-.4)--------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)----------------------------

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblaetosis)---77O

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)--------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagic diaeaae of newborn--------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Ill-clefined diseases peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional maladjustment----------772,773

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other

subsidiary condition-----------------------------774

Immaturity unqualified----------------------------776

Symptoms end ill-defined conditions-------------78O-795

All other diseases-----------------------------ResMuel

Accidents-------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicide---------------------------------E9J54,E980-E999

24

2,288

361

12

349

32

1

31

329

11

31s

31s

11

307

8

8

43

1

42

14

14

10

2

8

122

122

26

1,386

4

9

286

1,109

215

95

120

114

57

57

101

3.9

63

417

158

259

67

36

31

16

6

10

7

4

3

28

12

16

73

46

27

24

14

10

51

10

41

21

190

23

59

18

376

833

244

201

43

144

127

17

1CX3

74

26

267

221

46

73

66

7

19

17

2

7

7

17

15

2

106

95

11

18

16

2

23

14

9

13

46

34

88

20

1

447

886

331

321

10

210

205

5

121

116

5

227

213

14

99

96

3

22

22

5

5

11

9

2

113

112

1

30

30

26

23

3

3

19

53

88

37

222

53s

223

221

2

145

144

1

78

77

1

130

124

6

62

61

1

11

11

5

5

10

8

2

57

57

18

18

13

10

3

1

8

23

71

18

83

221

93

9C

3

59

58

1

34

32

2

54

40

14

21

20

1

6

3

3

2

2

4

4

21

18

3

8

7

1

5

4

1

7

7

20

1

172

1,519

257

47

210

94

24

70

163

23

140

474

67

407

54

9

45

13

3

10

5

2

3

46

2

44

45

20

25

18

4

14

57

4

53

44

506

5

19

7
TA8LE 16. DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FROM SELECTED CAUSES, BY BIRTH WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED), RACE, AND SEX: UNITED SPATES, JANAURY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950-Continued

(See.headnote on p. 279)

RACE, SEX, AND CAUSE OF DEATH Total

BII?J!HWEIGHT (IN GRAMS)

1,000

or

less

4,501

or

more

83

19

52

30

29

1

15

13

15

14

1

0

8

9

9

1

1

1

1

3

2

7

3

1,001-

1,500

1,501-

2,000

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,0CKl

3,001-

5,500

3,501-

4,000

4,001-

4,500

Not

kated

WHITE,M4LE- -------------------------Ail cauaee 7,952 1,207 1,161 1,068 924 779 912

260

542

206

199

7

131

127

4

;;

3

140

131

9

60

57

3

11

11

3

3

6

6

62

62

.

20

20

21

19

2

2

11

30

58

22

-

565 219

52

143

59

58

1

40

40

19

18

1

39

.29

10

1.2

11

1

5

3

2

1

1

3

3

11

9

2

6

5

1

4

3

1

3

5

18

1

1,034

120

621

X57

78

79

57

46

11

100

32

66

130

46

84

29

20

9

7

4

3

2

2

26

2

24

20

13

7

9

3

6

47

16

31

10

3s4

28

42

13

10

1,055

6,411

1,420

736

684

628

462

166

792

274

518

1,575

596

979

291

208

83

66

44

22

18

15

3

141

35

106

280

217

63

91

53

38

271

58

213

89

2,169

114

276

85

11

36

1,114

li’o

5

165

28

1

27

142

4

138

236

12

224

22

2

20

2

2

21

21

9

9

5

5

57

2

55

19

573

2

7

2

89

960

159

29

130

61

16

45

98

13

85

312

44

268

31

7

24

7

1

6

3

1

2

27

2

25

25

9

16

12

1

11

32

2

30

26

326

3

10

6

157

708

1.56

65

91

84

39

45

72

26

46

269

93

176

34

17

17

9

2

7

3

,2

1

18

5

13

42

28

14

17

10

7

32

4

28

11

117

15

32

12

193

512

148

120

28

94

83

11

54

37

17

173

141

32

48

44

4

15

13

2

4

4

12

10

2

60

53

7

2

1

1

10

7

3

9

31

13

48

12

1

Congenital malformations------------------------750-759

Certain diseases of early infancy---------------76O-776

Birth injuries--------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of maturity (.0)-----------------

Wit’ immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth-------76O

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-------------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------

Other birth i,njury----------------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.O)-:-----------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasia----------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With hmaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Other infections of newborn-------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia--769

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.4)--------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)----------------------------

Hemolytic diseaae of newborn (erythroblastosie).---770

Without mention of immaturity (.O-.2)---------L----

With immaturity (.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional maladjustment----------772,773

Without mention of Mmaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other

subsidiary condition-----------------------------774

Immaturity unqualified----------------------------776

Symptoms and ill-defined conditions-------------78O-795

All other diaeasea-----------------------------Residual

Accidents-------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicide---------------------------------E964,E980-E999

5

1,194

192

10

182

24

1

23

168

9

159

174

4

170

4

4

22

1

21

8

8

7

7

61

61

12

714

2

6

124

365

143

143

94

94

49

49

94

80

6

42

41

1

10

10

1

1

6

6

42

42

13

13

7

5

2

7

14

40

14
0,

TABLE 16. DEATHS UNDES 28 DAYS Fm4 SEIECTZD CAUSES, BY BIRTH WEIGHT (UNADJWIED), RNZE, AND W: UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 ‘TO MARCH 31, 1950-Continued

(See heatiote on p. 279)

BIRTH WEIGHT (IX GRAMS)

RACE, SF.X,AND CAUSE OF DEATH Total 1,000

or

less

4,501

or

more

2,501-

3,000

1,001-

1,5C0

1,501-

,2,000

2,001-

2,500

3#oo1-

3,500

3,501-

4,000

4,001-

4,500

Not

5tated

WBITE, FEMALE------------------------All cauaes

Congenital malformations------------------------750-759

Certain diseases of early infancy---------------76O-776

Birth injuries--------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Intracranial snd spinal injury at birth-------76O

Without mention of tiaturity (.O)-------------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------

Other birth injury----------------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.O)-------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia and ate’lecta8i8----------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity,(.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Other infections of newborn-------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With @naturity (.5)-------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia--769

Without mention .of immaturity (.0-.4)--------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)----------------------------

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblaatosis)---770

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)--------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Ill-defined diaeasea peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional m81adjustment----------772,773

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With Maturity (.5)-------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other

subsidiary conilition-----------------------------774

Immaturity unqualified----------------------------776

Symptoms snd ill-defined conditions-------------7SO-795

All other diseases-----------------------------Residual

Accidents-------------------------------------ESOO-E962

Homicide---------------------------------E964,E9S0-E999

573

183

321

96

S1

15

50

44

6

46

37

9

94

80

14

25

22

3

4

4

3

3

5

5

.

46

42

4

16

15

1

13

7

6

4

M

21

40

s

5,569 1, 11s 794 654 571 307 113 55 785

129

401

59

30

29

30

18

12

29

12

17

14s

65

S3

33

19

14

7

4

3

4

2

2

10

7

3

31

18

13

7

4

3

19

6

13

10

73

8

27

6

599

S75

4,372

907

451

456

341

260

81

566

191

375

929

361

568

212

144

68

37

25

12

21

15

6

105

23

82

216

163

53

59

47

12

200

40

160

78

1,60S

96

172

47

7

19

1,094

169

2

167

8

8

161

2

159

144

7

137

4

4

21

2i

6

6

3

2

1

61

61

14

672

2

3

44

743

100

2

98

20

2

18

so

80

128

11

117

25

2

23

4

4

1

1

22

1

21

15

3

12

4

1

3

43

3

40

21

380

2

5

83

559

9s

18

80

33

8

25

65

10

55

162

23

139

23

2

21

6

2

4

2

1

1

19

19

20

11

9

6

3

3

25

2

23

18

180

2

9

1

187

344

125

122

3

79

78

1

46

44

2

87

82

5

39

39

11

11

2

2

5

3

2

5.1

50

1

10

10

.

5

4

1

1

s

23

30

15

98

173

80

78

2

51

50

1

29

28

1

36

36

20

20

1

1

4

4

4

2

2

15

15

s

5

6

5

1

1

1

9

23

4

31

78

34

32

2

19

18

1

15

14

1

15

11

4

9

9

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

9

1

2

2

1

1

4

2

2

10

39

21

21

10

10

11

11

6

6

7

7

-

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

5

91

620

125

65

60

41

32

9

sk

33

51

109

40

69

27.

24

3

3

3

4

2

2

17

3

14

22

15

7

5

4

1

25

10

15

8

275

26

28

13

7
.

TABIE16. DEATHSUNDER2S DAYSFTOl SELECTEDCAUSES,BY BIRTHWEIGEI(UNADJUSTED),RACE,AND ~: UNITEDSTATES,JANUf@Y1 TO MARCH31, 1950-Continued

(Seeheadnoteon p. 279)

B~H WEI@iT(INGRAMS)

4,001-

4,5C0

91

RACE,SEX,AND CAUSEOF DEATH Total

1,501-

2,000

349

1,000

l:B

4,501

or

more

1,001-.

1,500

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,000

3,001-

3,500

3,501-

4,000

Not

~tated

NONWHITE,BOTH SEXES-----------------All cauaes 3,220

197

2,525

385

271

114

214

163

51

l-n

10s

63

479

209

270

205

160

45

40

24

16

24

16

8

46

19

27

34

32

2

52

42

10

201

92

109

26

1,033

311

136

46

3

457 400 317 314 335 243 7s 636

32

500

63

40

23

33

21

12

30

19

11

84

35

49

38

36

2

3

3

5

4

1’

8

3

5

3

3

3

1

2

43

27

16

4

246

70

22

11

1

9

315

28

8

20

13

6

7

15

2

13

54

11

43

22

a

14

10

10

5

5

6

2

4

3

3

5

3

2

28

5

23

8

146

13

10

2

11

52

21

20

1

3.4

14

7

6

1

7

6

:

9

1

1

1

1

3

3

5

4

1

5

21

5

2

28

235

29

19

10

18

11

7

11

8

3

45

27

18

25

15

10

5

1

4

1

1

8

2

6

5

4

1

12

8

4

21

14

7

4

80

31

17

6

39

204

59

55

4

33

31

2

26

24

2

48

43

5

31

28

3

6

6

2

2

4

3

1

6

8

4

4

22

12

10

1

19

37

19

L4

1

35

209

62

60

2

40

39

1

22

21

1

49

44

5

41

36

5

9

9

4

4

6

3

3

5

5

9

9

14

12

2

10

53

33

4

1

23

147

47

47

27

27

20

20

26

24

2

23

22

1

4

4

2

2

4

4

7

7

13

13

13

12

1

8

48

21

4

8

43

18

18

11

11

7

7

7

7

-

3

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

6

4

2

5

22

5

-

Congenitalmalformation------------------------750-759

Certaindiseasesof earlyinfancy---------------76 O-776

Birth injuries--------------------------------76O,76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Intracranialand spinalinjuryat birth-------76O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.O)-------------

With immaturity(.5)---------------------------

Otherbirth injury-------------v-------------76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.O)-------------

With immaturity(.5)---------------------------

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectaaia----------------762

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Pneumoniaof newborn--------~ ---------------------763

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Diarrheaof newborn-------------------------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Otherinfection”of newborn-------------------765-768

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Neonataldisordersarisingfrommaternaltoxemia--769

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.4)--------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)----------------------------

Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn(erythroblaatosis )---?70

Withoutmentionof hmaturlty (.0-.2)--------------

With immaturity(.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagicdieeaeeof newborn--------------------77l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Ill-definediaeae?apeculiarto earlyinfancy,

Includingnutritionalmaladjustment----------772,773

Withoutmentionof ilmnaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Immaturitywith mentionof any other

subsidiarycondition-----------------------------774

Immaturityunqualified----------------------------776

Symptomsend ill-definedconditions-------------78O-795

All otherdisease.-----------------------------Residual

Accidents------r----.----- ---------.-----p----E600-E962

Homicide---------------------------------E964,E980-E999

1

446

32

2

30

13

1

12

19

1.

18

87

3

84

2

1

1

1

1

4

4

.

25

25

4

291

7

1

2

11

374

26

2

Z4

lZ

29

10

14

14

72

9

63

11

2

9

z

z

z

z

5

1

4

2

3.

1

2

2

24

2

Zz

s

223

9

5

1
TABIE 16. DEATHS UNDEH 2S DAYS FHOM S2T.ECTEDCAUHES, BY BIRTH WEIGHT (UNAI!JUSTED), RACE, AND SEC: UNITED STATES, JAWUAHY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950-Cent inued ..

(See headuote on p. 279)

HACE, SIZ, AWD CAUSE OF DEATH

BIRTH WEIGHT (IN GHAMS)

Total 1,000

or

less

4,501

or

more

1,oo1-

1,500

1,501-

2,000

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,000

18C

24

111

3:

3C

,

1;

1s

2

16

1:

1

2$

25

4

1?

11

2

4

4

2

2

3

2

1

4

4

3

3

12

6

6

1

7

21

13

10

1

3,001-

3,500

3,501-

4,0CK)

4,001-

4,500

Not

Btated

ITONWHITE,W-----------------------All causes 1,799

123

1,387

226

161

65

132

97

35

94

64

30

253

108

145

105

84

21

24

17

7

12

10

2

30

11

19

19

17

2

33

27

6

109

52

57

16

560

1s2

80

26

1

244 191 199 170 19( 154 57 53 361

23

200

33

20

13

16

10

6

17

10

7

50

18

32

21

20

1

2

2

4

4

5

2

3

2

2

1

1

24

16

8

4

134

39

11

s

Congenital malformations------------------------750-759

Certain diseases of early infsncy---------------76O-776

Birth injuries--------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth-------76C

Without mention of immaturity (.O)-------------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------

Other birth injury-------.--------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.O)-------------

With hmaturity (.5)---------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasia----------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn--.--.------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)---7---------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn-------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Other infections of newborn-------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia--769

Without mention of inunaturity(,0-.4)--------------

With hmaturity. (.5-.9)----------------------------

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)---770

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)--------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn--------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy,

including nutritional.maladjustment----------772,773

Without mention of immaturity (.0)-----------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other

subsidiary condition-----------------------------774

Immaturity unqualified----------------------------776

Symptoms and ill-defined conditions--------------780-795

All other diseases-----------------------------Residual

Accidents-------------------------------------E800-E962

Homicide---------------------------------E964,E9EZ)-E999

6

179

13

13

7

7

6

6

31

3

28

4

2

2

1

1

4

4

2

1

1

2

2

10

1

9

1

111

3

3

5

179

18

5

13

10

4

6

8

1

7

30

7

23

13

5

8

7

7

2

2

3

2

1

1

1

4

3

1

LS

3

12

6

80

8

7

13

126

20

13

7

13

8

5

7

5

2

20

11

9

10

6

4

1

1

7

2

5

1

1

6

3

3

10

7

3

3

4s

17

10

4

-.

17

94

35

35

2C

2C

15

15

13

12

1

1:

12

1

2

2

-

1

1

3

3

4

4

7

7

10

9

1

6

31

11

1

22

12C

3E

36

2

2E

27

1

lC

$

1

24

21

~

25

22

~

7

7

2

-

2

4

4

6

6

7

5

2

7

30

15

2

6

32

1.3

1:

9

9

4

4

5

4

1

3

3

1

1

1

1

3

3

3

2

1

3

14

5

6

2s

8

8

4

4

4

4

6

6

3

3

-

2

2

.

1

1

5

3

2

3

15

4

236

M

1

14

8

s

7

1

6

45

1

44

3

3

.-

13

13

1

161

4

1

1
TABLE16. DEATHSUNDER28 DAYS FROM SELECTEDCAU~S, BY lUXl!HWEIGHT (UNADJWTEB),HACE,AND SEX:UNITEDSTATES,JANUAHY1 TO MAHCH31, 1950—COnttiued

(Seeheadnoteon p. 279)

II

Total 1,000

1:s

1,421 213

74

1,13s

159

110

49

82

66

16

77

44

33

226

101

125

100

76

24

16

7

9

12

6

6

16

8

8

15

15

19

15

4

92

40

52

10

473

129

5s

20

2

BIRPHWEIGEC(~ WS)

HACE,SEX,AND CAUSEOF DEATH 4,501

or

more

1,001-

1,500

1,501-

2,000

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,000

3,001-

3,500

3,501-

4,000

4,001-

4,500

Not

]tated

NONWHITE,FEM4LE---------------------A11 cauaea

Congenitalmalformations------------------------750-759

Certaindiseasesof earlytifancy---------------76O-776

Birth injuries--------------------------------760,761

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Intracranialand spinalinjuryat birth-------76O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.O)-------------

With immaturity(.5)---------------------------

Otherbirthinjury----------------------------76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.O)-------------

With immaturity(.5)---------+ -----------------

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelectasia----------------762

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Pneumoniaof newborn-------. ----------------------763

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.52-------------------------------

Diarrheaof newborn-------------------------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Otherinfectionsof newborn-------------------765-76El

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Neonataldisordersarisingfrommaternaltoxemia--769

Withoutmentionof isunaturity(.0-.4)--------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)----------------------------

HemolyticdiEeaseof newborn(erythroblastoais) ---77O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.2)--------------

With immaturity(.5-.7)----------------------------

Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newborn--------------------77l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------

Ill-definediseasespeculiarto earlyinfancy,

includingnutritionalmaladjustment----------772)773

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)-----------------

With immaturity(.5)-L-----------------------------

Immaturitywith mentionof any other

mibsidiarycondition-----------------------------774

Immaturityunqualified----------------------------776

Symptomsend ill-definedconditions-------------78O-795

All otherdiseases-----------------------------Residual

Accidents-------------------------------------E8~-E962

Homicide---------------------------------E964,E980-E999

209 150 147 134 145 89 34 25 275

5

195

13

2

11

5

2

3

8

.-

S

41

6

35

7

7

2

2

1

1

1

1

14

1

13

4

112

6

2

1

4

136

10

3

7

3

2

1

7

1

6

24

4

20

9

3

6

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

1

1

13

2

11

2

66

5

3

2

15

109

9

6

3

5

3

2

4

3

1

25

16

9

15

9

6

4

4

1

1

1

1

4

4

6

5

1

11

7

4

1

32

14

7

2

15

93

26

25

1

16

16

10

9

1

19

18

1

18

17

1

2

2

1

1

4

4

1

1

10

6

4

12

16

6

4

12

89

24

24

12

12

12

12

25

23

2

16

14

2

2

2

4

4

4

3

1

1

1

-

3

3

7

7

.

3

23

18

2

1

6

53

ls

12

7

7

5

5

13

12

1

10

10

2

2

1

1

1

1

3

3

6

6

3

3

2

17

10

3

5

20

s

7

1

5

5

3

2

1

2

2

6

6

2

2

2

7

2

2

15

10

10

7

7

3

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

7

1

9

220

30

20

10

17

11

6

13

9

4

34

17

17

17

16

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

2

1

1

2

2

19

11

8

112

31

11

3

1

1

208

17

1

16

5

1

4

12

12

42

2

40

2

1

1

.

1

1

1

1.

-

12

12

3

130

3

1

N

co

-1
TABLE 17. DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FHOM SELECTED CAUSES, BY BIRTH WEIGHT (UMIh7Um ), AGE, AND RACE: UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950

(Includes deaths among children born Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1950. Excludes data for Masaachuaetta. Numbers after causesof death are category numbers of the

Sixth Revision of the International Lists, 194S)

AGE, RACE , AND CAUSE OF DEATE

BIRTH WEIGHT (IN GRAMS)

Total 1,000

or

less

4,501

or

more

1,oo1-

1,500

2,001-

2,5(X3

2,501-

3,000

3,001-

3,500

3,501-

!,000

4,001-

4>500

1,501-

2,000

Not

6tated

UNDER 1 HOUR

WHITE-----------------------------------------All cauaes 1,403 85

248

1,083

313

162

151

52

44

8

261

118

143

170

87

S3

2

2

31

14

17

52

31

21

7

4

3

45

9

36

13

450

24

40

3

7

379 135 111 106 90 137 27 16

Congenital maM0mtions-------------------------------------75O-759

Certain diseaaee of early infency----------------------------76O-776

Birth injuries---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal tijury at birth--------------------76O

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Other birth injury-----------------------------------------761

Without mention of hmnaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-----------------------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn-------------------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn--------------------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Other infections of newborn--------------------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With hmaturity (.5)---------------*----------------------------

Neonatal disorders ari8fng from maternal toxemia---------------769

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblaatosia)----------------77O

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-clefined diseasea peculiar to early infancy, including

nutritional maladjustment---------------------------------772,773

Withoutmention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition------774

Immaturity mqulified-----------------------------------------776

Symptoms end ill-defined conditions------:-------:-----------780-795

All other diseases-----------------:------------------------Residwl

Accidents--------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicide----------------------------------------------E964,E98O-E999

16

363

75

4

71

2

2

73

4

69

38

2

36

7

7

4

4

1

1

20

20

3

215

.-

31

100

15

1

14

15

1

14

11

2

9

2

1

1

5

2

3

6

1

5

5

56

1

3

36

72

23

3

20

2

1

1

21

2

19

13

13

3

3

7

6

1

2

2

1

1

23

3

28

61

23

11

1.2

4

2

2

19

9

10

14

7

.7

,-

6

3

3

3

1

2

2

13

4

12

1

25

5s

25

22

3

4

4

21

18

3

19

19

2

2

6

3

3

1

1

1

1

1

3

2

5

36

S9

49

46

3

16

15

1

33

31

2

18

1s

-

1

1

5

5

8

8

1

1

4

4

3

6

6

1s

62

33

33

13

13

20

20

17

16

1

.-

1

1

5

5

1

1

2

1

1

3

1

4

2

14

10

9

1

1

1

9

8

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

49

245

50

23

27

9

7

2

41

16

25

32

15

17

1

1

8

2

6

9

3

6

1

1

8

1

7

2

134

9

5

2

7
TAME 17. DEATHSUNDER2S DAYSFRCi4ELE’LECTED CAUSES,BY BIRTRWEIGHT(UNAINUSTED),AGE,.ANDRACE:UNITEDSTATES,JANUARY1 TO MARCH31, 1950-Continued

(Seeheednoteon p. 288)

AGE, RACE,AND CAUSEOF DEATH Total

BIRPHWEIGBT(INGRAWS)

+

1,501- 2,001-

2,000 2,500

17 12

1,000

or

leas

4,501

or

more

1,001-

1,500

?,501-

5,000

5,001-

5,500

3,501-

4,000

4,001-

4,500

Not

.stnted I

UNDE8 1 HOUR-Continued

NONWHITE--------------------------------------All causes

L

288 61 30 25 27 18 4 9 S5

Congenitalmalformations--------------------.---------------750-759

Certaindiseasesof earlyinfancy----------------------------7SO-776

Birth injmiea---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Withoutmention of immaturity ( .0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranialand spinalinjuryat birth--------------------76O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Otherbirth injwy-----------------------------------------7SL

Withoutmentionof irmnaturity(.0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Postnatalaaphyxiaand atelactasis-----------------------------762

Withoutmention,ofimmaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumoniaof nwborn-------------------------------------------763

Withoutmenticnof Maturity (,0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrheaof newborn--------------------------------------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Other infectionsof newborn--------------------------------765-768

Withoutmentionof tiaturlty (,0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Neonataldisorderserisingfrommaternaltoxemia---------------769

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn(erythroblastosis )----------------770

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity(.57.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagicdiseaaeof newborn---------~ -----------------------77l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-defineddieeaeespeculiarto earlyinfancy,including

nutritionalmaladjuatment---------------------------------772,773

Withoutmentionof itmnaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(,5)-------------------------------------------

Immaturitywithmentionof any othersubsidiarycondition------774

Immaturitymqualified-----------------------------------------776

S@ptoms end ill-definedconditions--------------------------78O-795

All otherdiseases------------------------------------------Residwl

Accidents--------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homiqide----------------------------------------------E964,E98O-E999

2

14

4

3

1

4

3

1

-

1

1

1

1

8

1

2

7

2

2

1

1

.

1

1

2

2

.

.

-

3

3

2

19

a

8

1

1

-f

7

8

6

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

3

21

9

8

1

3

3

6

5

1

10

10

1

1

1

1

-

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

.

.

-

-

.

.

1

1

6

4

.4

.

2

2

2

2

-

.

-

-

1

1

1

2

4,

63

11

5

6

2

2

9

5

4

9

7

2

4

3

1

.

4

3

1

2

33

14

2

2

17

233

54

41

13

16

12

4

38

29

9

49

3C

19

-

.

1

1

7

4

3

1

1

.

.

14

8

6

4

103

3C

3

4

1

1

60

4

4

1

1

3

3

0

s

.

1

1

-

4

4

43

1

26

1

1

1

1

7

3

4

1

1

1

1

1

15

3

15

10

10

-

2

2

8

8

3

3

.

-

.

2

2

3
TABLE 17. DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FROM SELECTED CAUSES, BY B16TH WEIGET (UNAIJJUSTEII), AGE, AND RACE: UNI!LFLOSTATES, JANUARY 1 TO WH 31, 1950-Cent inue&

(See headnote on p. 288)

AGE, RACE, AND CAUSE OF DEATH

1-23 HOURS

WHITE-----------------------------------------All causes

Congenital malf0mations-------------------------------------75O-759

Certain diseases of early infancy----------------------------76O-776

Birth injmies---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth--------------------76O

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Other birth injury-----------------------------------------761

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (,5)----:-----------------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectaais-----------------------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn--------.----------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn--------------------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Other infections of newborn--------------------------------765-76S

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia---------------769

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemo~tic disease of newborn (erythroblastosia)----------------770

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-clefined diseaaes peculiar to early infancy, including

nutritional maladJustment---------------------------------772,773

Without pention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition------774

Immaturity mqualified-----------------------------------------776

Symptoms and ill-defined conditions--------------------------78O-795

All other diseases------------------------------------------Reaidual

Accident s---------------------------------.----------------E8OO-E962

Iiomicide----------------------------------------------E964,E980-E999

Total

5,252

471

4,659

1,018

414

604

295

222

73

723

192

531

1,087

356

731

30

15

15

1

1

2

1

1

115

20

95

145

111

34

29

17

12

199

33

166

58

1,975

39

66

11

6

1,000

or

less

1,357

5

1,348

214

5

209

17

1

16

197

4

193

189

9

180

1

1

24

1

23

6

6

3

3

74

74

16

821

4

1,oo1-

1,500

941

24

916

1.53

2

151

15

15

138

2

136

188

13

175

6

1

5

18

18

8

8

1

1

46

2

44

17

479

1

1,501-

2,000

705

60

636

123

20

103

27

7

20

96

13

83

204

29

175

5

5

18

1

17

8

3

5

1

1

24

1

23

14

239

2

5

2

mm WEIGHT (IN GRAMS)

2,001-

2,500

443

66

358

73

33

40

31

19

12

42

14

28

153

53

100

4

3

1

1

1

13

6

7

21

16

5

6

2

4

12

3

9

5

70

7

10

2

,-

2,501-

3,000

354

90

246

84

64

20

36

34

2

48

30

18

93

76

17

3

1

2

7

5

2

26

21

5

3

2

1

5

5

1

24

4

12

2

3,ol?l3,500

368

80

264

117

112

5

61

59

2

56

53

3

81

.74

7

2

2

1

1

43

42

1

5

5

8

7

1

7

9

13

2

3,501-

&,000

219

46

162

81

80

1

51

50

1

30

30

50

48

2

5

5

1

1

3

3

11

11

6

6

3

2

1

2

3

8

4,001-

4,500

100

25

70

35

35

23

23

12

ls

22

16

6

1

1

1

1

4

4

1

1

2

1

1

-

4

1

4

4,501

or

more

23

3

19

10

10

4

4

6

6

5

5

2

2

2

1

Not

stated

742

72

640

128

53

75

30

25

5

98

28

70

102

33

69

3

2

1

.

1

1

30

2

28

18

14

4

3

1

2

23

10

13

5

327

8

13

3

6
TABLE17 DEATHSDNDEH28 DAYSFHOM SELECTEDCAUSES,BY BIRTHWEIGHT(UNADJUSTED),AGE,AND RACE:UNITEDSTATES,JANUAHY1 TO MAHCH31, 1950-Centinued

(Seeheednoteon p. 2SS)

AGE, HACE, AND CAUSEOF DEATH

1-23HOUHS-Continued

NONWHITE--------------------------------------All causes

Congenitalmatiomations------------------.------------------75O-759

Certaindiseaseeof earlyinfancy----------------------------76O-776

Birth injuries---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With Immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranialand spinalinjuryat birth--------------------76O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(,0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Otherbirthtij~.y--------------------.--------------------76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Poetnatalasphyxiaend atelectasla-----------------------------762

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumoniaof nwborn-------------------------------------------763

Withoutmentionof Maturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrheaof newborn--------------------------------------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)------7-------------------------------------

Otherinfectionsof newborn------------------------------~-765-768

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With irunatuxity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Neonataldiaorderaarisingfrommaternaltoxemia---------------769

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn(erythroblaetosia) ----------------77O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(,0-..2)---------------------------

With immaturity(.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagicdieeaseof nawborn---------------------------------77l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-clefineddiseasespeculiarto earlyinfancy,includlng

nutritionalmaladjustment---------------------------------772,773

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With Immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturitywith mentionof any othersubsidiarycondition------774

Immaturitymqualified-----------------------------------------776

Symptomsand ill-clefinedconditions--------------------------780-795

All otherdiaeaaes-----------. ---.--------------------------Residml

Accidente--------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicide----------------------------------------------E964/E98O-E999

Total

1,153

51

1,C07

155

98

57

78

58

20

77

40

37

227

87

140

7

5

2

20

8

12

8

8

13

10

3

54

19

35

4

519

79

13

2

1

+

l~~o l,ryJlor

leas 1,500

258

16

1

15

6

1

5

10

10

55’

3

52

1

1

.-

.

,-

3

3

7

7

2

174

5

5

166

13

13

4

4

9

9

32

2

30

1

.

1

.

4

4

1

1

a

s

1

106

5

1

BIRTH WEIG~ (IN GHAMS)

+

1;501- 2,001-

2,CO0 2,500

126 109

2

119

17

2

15

7

2

5

10

i

24

5

19

1

1

3

1

3

2

1

10

10

60

5

6

92

16

11

5

9

6

3

7

5

2

22

13

9

1

1

.

1

1

2

2

3

2

1

7

6

1

1

39

9

2

2,501-

3,000

9

50

19

17

2

9

8

1

10

9

1

14

14

1

.

1

1

1

.

.

1

1

8

5

3

6

9

2

1

3,001-

3,500

so

11

54

22

22

14

14

8

8

21

17

4

1

1

.

4

2

2

2

2

.

2

1

1

2

12

3

3,501-

4,003

55

4

41

14

14

11

11

3

3

13

11

2

1

1

2

2

2

2

4

4

.

2

2

3

6

1

1

4,001-

4,500

20

4

12

7

7

5

5

2

2

4

3

1

.

-

.

1

1

4

4,501

or

more

24

——

2

18

8

a

5

5

3

3

5

5

1

1

-

1

1

1

1

2

3

1

Not

228

8

197

23

16

7

0

6

2

15

10

5

37

14

23

-

.

1

1

-.

1

1

8

3

5

-

127

19

3

1
TABLE 17. DItNIHSUNDER 28 DAYS FROM SELECTED CAUSES, BY BIRTH WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED), AGE, AND RACE: UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950-Conttiued

(See headnote on p. 288)

BIRTH WEIGEI? (R? GBAMS)

Total 1,000

or

less

L,501

or

uore

AGE, RACE, AND CAUSE OF DEATH 1, cQll,5@

1,501-

2,0CXJ

2,001-

2,500

E,501-

3,000

3,001-

5,500

3..501-

4,000

4,001-

4,500

Not

stated

1 DAY

wRlTE-- -------..------------------------------Ail causes 2,040 276 201 197 126 52 24 259

2b6

1>770

401

235

166

197

145

52

204

90

114

559

206

353

46

29

17

2

1

1

2

1

1

38

9

29

55

37

18

29

23

6

65

7

58

18

555

16

39

6

3

255 319 331

Congenital maMomatioM-------------------------------------75O-759

Certain diseases of early infancy----------------------------76O-776

Birth tijmies---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury atibirth--------------------76O

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Other birth injury----------.------------------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----:-----------------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-----------------------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn-------------------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity .(.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrhea of mwbon--------------------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Other infections of newborn--------------------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia---------------769

Without mention of immaturity (.0:.4)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolytic diseaae of newborn (erythroblastosis)----------------77O

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------------77l

Without mention of ~aturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-clefined diseases peculiar to early infancy, including

nutritional matidju&ment---------------------------------772,773

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5):-------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition------774

Immaturity mqualified-----------------------------------------776

Symptoms end ill-defined conditiona--------------------------780-795

All other diSeases------------------------------------------Residual

Accidents--------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicid.----------------------------------------------E964,E98O-E999

1

252

32

3

29

2

2

30

3

27

42

42

2

2

3

3

1

1

2

1

1

12

12

2

i56

2

11

307

45

1

44

9

9

36

1

35

79

3

76

1

1

7

7

1

1

2

1

1

10

10

2

160

1

17

312

44

8

36

18

3

15

26

5

21

116

16

100

1.3

3

10

1

1

1

1

A

12

1

11

12

3

9

3

1

2

12

2

10

6

92

1

1

28

241

56

24

32

33

15

18

23

9

14

108

41

67

10

7

3

1

1

5

1

4

6

3

3

3

3

9

9

2

41

7

41

14s

54

45

9

35

30

5

19

15

4

65

49

16

3

3

1

1

1

1

11

10

.1

3

3

.4

1

3

1

5

1

9

2

54

Ml

57

57

40

40

17

17

50

47

3

3

3

4

3

1

6

6

7

7

1

1

1

2

5

6

1

25

90

45

44

1

25

25

20

19

1

19

17

2

8

8

3

2

1

9

9

3

3

1

2

5

6

3

47

21

20

1

13

13

8

7

1

13

9

4

2

2

-

5

4

1

3

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

8

16

10

10

6

6

4

4

3

3

1

1

1

1

16

226

37

23

14

16

13

3

21

10

11

64

21

43

3

2

1

3

1

2

4

2

2

3

2

1

16

2

14

2

94

4

6

2

3
TABIE17. DEATHSUNDER28 DAYSYRCM SE?J3CTEDCAUSES,BY BIRTHWEIGiTI!(UNADJUSTED),AGE, AND RACE:UNITEDSPATES,JANUARY1 TO MARCH31, 1950-Continued

(Seeheadnoteon P. 28S)

AGE,RACE, AND CAUSEOF DEATH

1 DAY—Continued

NONWHSfE--------------------------------------All causea

CongenitalmaMomati0ns-------------------------------------75O-759

Certaindiseaeesof earlyimfency----------------------------76O-776

Birth injmies---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------------

Intracranialand spinalinjuryat birth--------------------76C

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Otherbirth injury-----------------------------------------76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Postnatalasphyxiaend atelectasis-----------------------------762

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumoniaof newborn-------------------------------------------763

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrheaof nmbom--------------------------------------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(,0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)-------------------------------------7------

OtherInfectionsof newborn--------------------------------765-768

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

NeQnataldisordersarisingfrommaternaltoxemia---------------769

Withoutmentionof immaturity(,0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemowic diseaseof newborn(erythroblastosla) ----------------77O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.2)---------------------------

With hmaturity (.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagicdiseaseof newborn---------------------------------77l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(,5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-clefineddiseaeeapeculiarto earlyinfancy,including

nutriti~nalmaladjustment---------------------------------772)773

Withoutmentionof immaturity(,0)------------------------------

With immaturity(,5)--------------------------------------------

InmIaturitywith mentionof any““?klier subsidiarycondltion------774

Immaturitymqualified-----------------------------------------776

Symptomsand ill-defidedconditions--------------------------78O-795

All otherdiseaeee------------------------------------------Residual

Accidente-----------------------------------.-.------------E8OO-E962

Homicide----------------------------------------------E964,E98O-E999

.

Total 1,000

or

lees

430 50

27

355

76

59

17

47

39

s

29

20

9

77

38

39

10

7

3

1

1

8

4

,4

i?

1

1

9

8

1

25

11

14

2

145

36

9

3

50

6

6

2

2

~

4

8

8

.

-

3

3

33

1,oo1-

1,500

62

2

60

5

1

4

z

1

1

3

3

13

1

12

1

1

5

5

36

.

1,501-

2,000

52

3

48

4

3

1

L

1

3

2

1

12

3

9

2

1

1

1

1

6

3

3

1

22

1

BIRTEWEIGHT(INGRAMS)

2,001-

Z,5CX)

37

5

29

5

1

4

3

3

2

1

1

6

5

1

3

1

2

2

2

1

L

.-

2

2

1

9

2

1

2,501-

3,000

37

1

28

13

13

11

11

-

2

2

10

10

1

1

.

2

2

1

1

1

4

2

2

3,001-

5,500

38

2

30

11

11

7

7

4

4

9

8

1

2

2

1

1

,1

1

3

3

3

4

1

1

3,501-

4,000

37

4

22

12

12

6

6

6

6

3

3

1

1

1

1

,-

2

2

1

1

2

9

2

.

4,001- 4;:1

4,500

more

-1- 15 15

2

4

2

2

2

2

.

1

1

1

1

7

2

Not

stated

87

6

73

13

11

2

11

9

2

2

2

15

7

6

2

2

1

1

7

6

1

35

6
...... .

TABLE 17. DEATRS UNDER 28 DAYS FRCM SELECTEO CAU2XS, BY BIRTH WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED), AGE, AND RACE: UNITED STATES, JANGARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950-Cent inued

(See headnote on p. 288)

AGE, RACE, AND CAUSX OF DEATH

2 DAYS

WRITE-----------------------------------------All causes

Congenital malformations-------------------------------------750-759

Certain diseases of early infency----------------------------760-776

Birth injuies---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranial end spinal injury at birth--------------------76O

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Other birth injmy-----------------------------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With &maturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectaais-----------------------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With irmatuilty (.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn-------------------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn---------------------.----------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Other infections of newborn--------------------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia---------------769

Without mention of hmnaturity (.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)----------------770

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-clefined diseases peculiar to early infancy, inducting

nutritional maladjustment---------------------------------772,773

Without mention of immaturity (.O)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other aubaidiary condition------774

I~atuitY ~qwlifiea.-T--------------------------------------776

Symptoms and ill-defined conditions--------------------------78O-795

All other diseases------------------------------------------Residual

Accidents--------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicide----------------------------------------------E964,E98O-E999

Total

1,388

189

1,120

255

152

103

167

124

43

88

28

60

346

148

198

49

36

13

1

1

30

8

22

76

65

11

21

14

7

58

7

31

24

280

28

43

8

1,000

or

less

147

1

143

21

21

4

4

17

17

23

23

1

1

4

4

2

2

1

1

6

6

2

83

3

L,fJOlL,500

159

1

158

23

23

6

6

17

17

30

2

28

2

i

1

9

9

1

1

3

3

10

10

6

74

L,501-

;,000

222

18

201

36

10

26

22

8

14

14

2

12

81

10

71

4

4

7

7

4

3

1

5

5

8

56

2

1

BIRTH WEIGIfT (IN GRAMS)

2,001-

2,500

218

30

178

32

13

19

21

10

11

11

3

8

85

33

52

6

3

3

3

2

1

17

11

6

5

3

2

6

2

4

4

20

4

5

1

2,501-

3,000

178

39

125

31

27

4

25

22

3

6

5

1

47

37

10

13

11

2

1

1

3

3

19

19

3

3

2

2

1

5

4

9

1

5,001-

5,500

X73

53

104

43

43

37

37

6

6

32

31

1

7

7

17

17

2

2

2

1

1

1

4

9

3

3,501-

4,CO0

96

21

64

23

23

20

20

3

3

20

19

1

8

8

3

2

1

5

5

4

4

1

1

3

7

1

4,001-

4,500

40

8

28

13

12

1

11

10

1

2

2

6

3

3

1

1

1

1

5

5

1

1

1

1

-

2

2

1,501

or

nore

14

2

9

5

5

4

4

1

1

1

1

2

2

.

1

1

1

2

Not

stated

141

16

110

28

19

9

17

13

4

11

6

5

21

12

9

5

3

2

6

5

1

1

1

5

2

3

3

41

8

5

2
TABLE 17. DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FRCM SELECTED CAUSES, BY BIRTH WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED), AGE, AND RACE: UNITED STATES, JANOARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950—Continued

(See headnote on p. 288)

Total

BIRTH WEIGH! IN GRANS)

.,501-

~,000

,001-

,500

1,000

or

less

,501

or

ore

6

3

1

1

1

1

-,

-

2

1

1

-.

3

AGE, RACE, AND CAUSE OF DEATH .,oo1-

.,500

1,501-

J,ooo

i,oo1-

i,500

3,501-

L,000

k,oolL,500

Not

tated

2 DAYS-Continued

25

25

1

1

1

1

3

3

1

1

-

1

1

.

1

1

1s

NONWHITE- -------------------------------------All causes 275 30 32 23 29 39 22 14 55

Congenital maM0rmati0ns-------------------------------------75O-759

Certain diseases of early infancy----------------------------76@776

Birth injuries---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of insnaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)-------------------------------,-------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth--------------------76O

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Other birth injmy-----------------------------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Poetnatal asphyxia and atelectasia-----------------------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With Immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn-------------------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn--------------------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Other infections of newborn-------------------.-------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Neonatal disorders ariaing from maternal toxemia---------------769

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolytlc disease of newborn (erythroblastoeie)----------------77O

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, including

nutritional maladjuatment---------------------------------772,773

‘Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition------774

Immaturity mqualified-----------------------------------------776

Symptome and ill-defined conditions--------------------------78O-795

All other diseases----------------.-------------------------Residual

Accidents--------------------------------------------------E800-E962

Homicide----------------------------------------------E964,E980-E999

18 ~

217

34

24

10

23

17

6

11

7

4

51

22

29

11

9

2

-

2

2

-

2

1

1

4

4

14

13

1

18

9

9

1

80

2s

8

4

1

30

3

1

2

3

1

2

11

11

1

1

-

1

1

2

2

12

1

4

16

3

3

2

2

1

1

6

5

1

1

1

7

-

6

2

1

4

19

4

2

2

2

1

1

2

1

1

6

5

1

2

2

.-

-

1

1

-

2

2

-

1

1

-

3

6

4

26

7

7

6

6

1

1

7

7

3

3

1

1

-

4

4

2

2

2

7

1

1

1

16

4

4

3

3

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

-

1

1

4

4

2z.

1

1

3

1

4

43

5

2

3

4

1

3

1

1

9

2

7

3

3

1

1

1.

1

;

3

3

.

20

5

2

1

29

1

1

1

1

6

6

.

4

4

1

17

1

10

5

4

1

2

2

3

2

1

1

1

-

2

2

1

1

1

3

1
TAHLE 17. DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FRCIVlSELECTED CAUSES, BY BIRTH WEIGFP (UNADJUSTED), AGE, AND RACE: UNITED SPATES, JANUARY 1 TO NARCH 31,

(See headnote on p. 288)

1950-COnt inued

Total

-

1,686

BIRTH WEIGHT (IN WS)

3,001-

3,500

4,col4,500

4,501

or

more

23

3,501-

4,000

158

AGE, RACE, AND CAUSE OF DEATH 1, Ooc

or 1,001.

1,500

1,501-

2,000

2,001-

2,500

2,501-

3,000

Not

stated leas

3-6 DAYS

WHITE---------------------- -------------------All causes 140 23: 18( 22E

5$

L57

2?

11

12

17

E

9

6

3

3

41

17

24

14

9

5

4

3

1

7

3

4

18

10

8

9

5

4

9

9

6

26

1

8

3

235 265

83

157

48

46

2

39

37

2

9

9

32

29

3

24

24

1

1

3

3

1

1

31

31

11

11

2

1

1

4

10

10

5

4E 176

Congenital malformatiOns-------------------------------------750-75s

Certain diseases of early infancy----------------------------760-77E

Birth injuries---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth--------------------76C

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Other birth injmy-----------------------------------------76l

Without mention of jmunaturity(.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-----------------------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)-J------------------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn-------------------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn--------------------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Other infections of newborn--------------------------------765-768

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)---------------------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia---------------769

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolytic disease of.newborn (erythroblastosis)----------------77O

Without mention Of immaturity (.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of nwborn--------------. ------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-clefined “diseases peculiar to early infancy, including

nutritional maladjustment----.----------------------------772,773

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition------774

Immaturity mqualified-----------------------------------------776

Symptoms and ill-defined conditions--------------.-----------78O-795

All other diseaaes------------------------------------------Residual

Accidents'-------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

H0micide----------------------------------------------Eg64,Eg8O-Eggg

349

1,201

248

165

83

181

131

50

67

34

33

226

96

130

115

86

29

3

2

1

15

12

3

28

7

21

132

107

25

43

31

12

48

7

41

22

321

40

77

19

t

22:

21

z

1:

U

2

1(

c

c

37

1

3E

12

12

1

1

6

6

7

-

7

2

2

14

14

7

115

1

2

22

15:

2?

4

1:

2C

1:

:

-

3

35

6

29

9

2

7

2

1

1

4

4

12

5

7

6

2

4

6

1

5

3

55

2

1

73

134

35

32

3

29

26

3

6

6

23

21

2

17

17

1

1

4

4

37

36

1

6

5

1

“3

2

1

3

5

10

17

1

56

83

32

32

27

27

5

5

15

15

11

11

1

1

1

1

18

18

3

3

1

‘1

1

5

14

-.

1.!

2e

11

lC

1

e

6

3

2

1

3

2

1

4

4

.

1

1

5

4

1

2

2

2

2

3

14

10

10

5

5

5

5

1

1

3

3

4

2

27

115

29

18

11

17

14

3

12

4

8

17

4

13

19

16

3

3

3

1

1

3

3

3

2

1

6

2

4

2

32

11

16

7

138

16

16

7

7

9

9

22

22

2

2

5

5

1

1

1

1

7

7

1

83

2
TASLE 17. DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FRQ’4SELECTED CAUSES, BY BIRTH wEIGHT (UNADJUSTED), AGE, AND RACE: UNITED STATES,JANUARY1 TO NARCH31, 1950-Centinued

(Seeheadnoteon p. 288)

AGE, RACE, AND CAUSE OF DEATH

3-6 DAYS-Continued

NONWHITE--------------------------------------All cauaes

Congenitalmalformations-------------------------------------750-759

Certaindiseaeesof earlyisfsucY----------------------------76O-778

Birth injmies---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranialand spinalinjuryat birth--------------------76O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Otherbirth injury-----------------------------------------78l

,Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Postnatalasphyxiaand atelecta8is-----------------------------782

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumoniaof newborn-------------------------------------------763

.Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With tiaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrheaof newborn--------------------------------------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Otherinfectionsof newborn--------------------------------765-768

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------: -----------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Neonataldisordersarisingfrommaternaltoxemia---------------769

Withoutmantionof immaturity(.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn(erythroblastosis )----------------77O

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity(.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagicdiseaaeof newborn---------------------------------77l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-clefineddiseasespeculiarto earlyinfancy,includtig

nutritionalmaladjustment---------------------------------772,773

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturitywith mentionof eny otherstibeidiarycondition------774

Immaturitymqualified-----------------------------------------776

Symptomeand ill-definedconditions--------------------------78O-795

All otherdiaeasee------------.--.-------------------------Reaidual

Accidenta--------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicide----------------------------------------------E984,E98O-E999

Total

474

40

320

44

33

11

31

24

7

13

9

4

52

21

31

58

43

15

2

2

9

6

3

5

1

4

10

10

7

3

4

36

21

15

8

91

75

28

11

1,000

or

lesf3

43

39

3

1

2

2

2

1

1

s’

8

1

1

1

1

5

5

1

20

1

1

2

-

L,OOlL,500

38

z

34

3

3

2

2

1

1

6

1

5

3

3

1

1

-

1

1

1

19

1

1

1,501-

2>000

53

1

45

1

1

1

1

8

2

6

%

2

6

2

2

.

1

1

1

-

1

4

1

3

2

18

3

4

BIRTHWEIGHT(INGHAMS)

?,ool-

?,500

64

7

45

3

2

1

3

2

1

.

8

3

5

5

3

2

4

4

:

5

2

3

6

3

3

2

11

7

4

1

:,501-

i,oco

62

9

35

11

11

6

6

5

5

6

5

1

9

8

1

1

1

.

1

1

3

3

4

11

3

4

5,001-

3,500

54

6

29

12

11

1

9

8

1

3

3

1

1

10

9

1

1

1

-

1

1

.

2

2

2

14

5

3,501-

!,000

58

6

31

3

3

3

3

5

5

11

U

1

1

1

1

3

3

1

1

4

3

1

2

14

5

2

I, oo1-

L,500

14

1

4

1

1

.

1

1

1

1

2

2

7

2

!,501

or

nore

12

3

6

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

.

3

Not

3tatad

76

5

52

5

2

3

3

2

1

2

2

9

3

6

10

9

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

9

6

3

15

14

3

2
TABLE 17. DEATHS UNDER 28 DAYS FROM SELECTED CAUSES, BY BIRTR WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED), AGE, ~ RACE: UNITED STATES, JANOARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1950—Cent inued

(See headnote on p. 288)

AGE, RACE, MD CAUSE OF DEATH Total

mm WEIGKC (IN GRAMS)

1,000

or

less

3,501-

4,000

188

4,501

or

more

1,oo1-

1,500

L,501-

?,000

2,001-

2,500

z,501-

3,000

294

108

122

15

11

4

15

11

4

20

i9

1

37

34

3

17

16

1

6

6

7

6

1

2

2

8

5

3

6

4

13

36

14

1

3,001-

3,500

4,001-

4,500

Not

stated

7-27 DAY8

1,752

469

950

92

59

33

77

56

21

15

3

12

116

64

52

261

184

77

97

65

32

19

15

4

4

4

36

29

7

21

11

10

76

35

41

32

196

63

183

85

2

47

1

44

3

3

3

3

4

4

2

2

2

2

3

3

2

28

2

WHITE-----------------------------------------All causes 168 173 224 371 38

141

141

17

17

17

17

14

14

62

59

3

21

21

2

2

8

8

4

4

9

9

2

2

19

44

26

65 184

Congenital maMOmatiOns----- ..------------------------------75O-759

Certain diseases of early infsncy----------------------------76O-776

Birth injmies---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Intracranial and spinal injury at birth--------------------76O

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

Other birth injwy-----------------------------------------76l

Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------

postnatal asphyxia and atelectaais-----------------------------762

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumonia of newborn-------------------------------------------763

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Diarrhea of newborn--------------------------------------------764

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Other infections of newborn~-------------------------------765-76f3

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from maternal toxemia---------------769

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosie)----------------770

Without mention of immaturity (.0-.2)---------------------------

With immaturity (.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn---------------------------------77l

Without mention of immaturity (.O)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-defined diseasea peculiar to early infancy, including

nutritional maladjustment---------------------------------772,773

Without mention of immaturity (.0)------------------------------

With immaturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of’any other subsidiary condition------774

Immaturity mqualified-----------------------------------------776

Symptoms and ill-defined conditions--------------------------78O-795

All other diseases------------------------------------------Residual

Accidents--------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicide--------.----------------------------------.---E964,E98O-E999

5

154

13

1

12

6

1

5

7

7

19

2

17

26

2

24

6

6

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

14

2

12

3

69

2

5

2

19

143

8

2

6

5

1

4

3

1

2

25

6

19

23

4

19

12

3

9

2

2

2

2

2

2

6

1

5

9

9

13

41

1

7

3

75

114

8

3

5

8

3

5

16

7

9

33

14

19

15

5

10

2

1

1

5

3

2

1

1

12

4

8

2

20

7

17

11

56

77

9

9

9

9

9

9

30

29

1

10

10

3

3

9

9

1

1

6

5

1

6

32

17

24

31

3

3

3

3

4

4

13

12

1

6

3

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

~.

1

11

19

6

6

5

5

1

1

2

2

10

10

1

1

1

6

1

29

105

10

7

3

9

6

3

1

1

3

1

2

25

20

5

10

7

3

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

3

1

2

14

9

5

4

31

14

25

10

1
TABIX17. DEATHSUNDER28 DAYSFROM SELECTEDCAUSES, BY BIRTHWEIGHT (UNAIUUSI’ED), AGE,AND RACE:UNITED6TATES,JANUARY1 !B3M/u32H31, 1950-Centinuef

(Seehednote on p. 288)

Total

BIRTHWEIGHT(INGRAMS)

3,501-

4,000

AGE,RACE, AND CAUSECT DEATH 1,(K)O

1%3

4,501

or

more

L,001-

L,500

1,501-

2,000

2,001-

2,500

z,501-

3,000

5,001-

3,500

97

42001-

4,500

Not

stated

7-27DAYS-Continued

NONWHITE------------------------------------All causes 600 10

10

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

-

4

61 76 72 90 24 105

CongenitalmaXomationa-------------------------------------75O-75g

Certaindiseaeeaof earlyitiancy----------------. -----------76O-776

Birth tijWieS---------------------------------------------76O,76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)---------------------------------------------

Intracranialand epinalinjuryat birth--------------------76O

Withoutmentionof tiaturity (.0)--------------------------

With immaturity(.5)----------------------------------------

Otherbirth injury-----------------------------------------76l

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)---------------------------

With immaturity(.5)-----------------------------.--------,--

Po8t~t81 asphyxiaand atelectasia-----. --------------------.--762

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With .humaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Pneumonia6f newborn-------------------------------------------763

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Dierrhaaof newborn--------------------------------------------764

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With Maturity (.5)--------------------------------------------

Otherinfectionsof newborn--------------------------------765-768

WithQutmentionof Immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(,5)------------r -------------------------------

Neonataldisordersariaingfrommaternaltoxemia---------------769

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.4)---------------------------

With immaturity(.5-.9)-----------------------------------------

Hemolyticdiseaseof newborn(erythroblastosis) ----------------770

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0-.2)---------------------------

With inssaturity‘(.5-.7)-----------------------------------------

Hemorrhagicdieeaseof newborn---------------------------------771

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Ill-definediseasespeculiarto earlyinfancy,includtig

nutritionalmeladjustment----------. ----.----------------.772,773

Withoutmentionof immaturity(.0)------------------------------

With immaturity(.5)--------------------------------------------

Immaturitywithmentionof any othersubsidiarycondition------774

Immaturitymquelified--------------------------.--------------776

Symptomsand ill-definedconditions--------------------------78O-795

All otherdiseases------------------------------------------Residual

Accidente--------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962

Homicide---------------------- ------------------------E964,E980-E999

44

393

22

16

6

19

13

6

3

3

23

11

12

119

96

23

37

21

16

12

7

5

4

1

3

9

8

1

9

8

1

54

24

30

9

95

63

77

22

1

1

64

1

1

1

1

6

1

5

10

4

6

10

10

3

3

2

1

1

7

1

6

5

20

5

5

1

4

46

-

1

1

16

10

6

‘5

1

4

1

1

--

2

1

1

3

3

6

5

1

12

0

9

5

14

53

4

4

.

4

4

-

4

3

1

18

17

1

6

6

1

1

1

1

4

4

1

1

9

3

6

5

5

11

6

1

9

45

1

1

-

1

1

1

1

25

21

4

7

7

-

2

2

1

1

2

2

2

2

7

6

1

3.

14

23

2

a

22

4

4

2

2

2

2

-

9

8

1

4

4

1

1

2

2

.

2

2

13

10

3

13

2

2

2

2

1

1

8

8

1

1

1

1

4

3

1

5

72

6

4

2

5

3

2

1

1

5

2

3

25

24

1

2

2

4

3

1

12

6

6

2

16

10

12

6

5e

1

1

1

1

.

3

2

1

6

2

4

2

2

1

1

1

1

7

7

2

35

2

1

e

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

4

2
REPORTS FROM THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

PuDlic Health Service Publication No. 1000

Series 1. Programs mrdcollcction procedures

Xo. 1. Origin, Pm~am, and@peration of the U. S. National Health Suwey. 35cente.

Xo. ?. HeaIth Survey Procedure: Concepts, (questionnaire Development+ and Definitions in the Health InterviwSurvey. 45 cents.

No. 3. Development andhimintenance ofa National Invenb~of Hospitals and Institutions. 25 cents.

No. 4. Plan and Initial Program of the Heal Lh Examination Survey.

Series L Data evaluation snd methods research

Xo. 1. Comparison of Two-Vision Testing Devices. 30 cents.

Xo. 2.

No. 3.

Xo. 4.

Xo. 5.

No. G.

Xo. 7.

NO. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Series 3.

No. 1. The Change inhlortality Trend in the United States. 35cerrts.

No. 2. Recent tdortnlityT rends in Chile. 30 cents.

Mea&rement of Personal Health Expenditures. 45’cents.

The One-Hour Glucose Tolerance Test. 30 cents..

Comparison of T\vohiethods of Constructing Ahridged Life Tahles. 15 cents.

4nIndex of Health: Mathematical hiodels. 25 cents.

Reportingof Hospitalization in the Health Interview Survey.

Health Interview Responses Compared With hledical Records.

Comparison of Hospitalization Reportirrgin Three Survey Procedures.

Cooperation in Health Examination Surveys.

Hospital Utilization inthe Last Year of Life.

Analytical studies

Series .!. !Jocumcnts and committee repork~

No reports to date.

Series 10, Data Fmm the Health Interview Survey

W. 1. Acute Conditions, Incidence and Associated Disability, United Stites. July 1961-June 1962. 40 cents.

XO. 2.

so. x

vL 0. 4.

Xo. 5.

No. 6.

so. 7.

Xo. 8.

No. 9.

NO. 1(!.

No. 11.

~~. la.

No. 13.

No. 14.

No. 15.

No. 16.

No. 17.

Family Income in Relation to Selected Heaith Characteristice, United States. 40 cents.

Lcn@hof Convalescence After Surgery, United States, July 1960-June 1961. 35cen~.

Disability Days, lJnited States, July 1961-June 1962. -10 cents.

Current Estimates Fmmthe Health lnterviefv S~lrvey. United S&tes, July l962-Junel963. 35 cents.

Imp:lirments Due@ hju~. by CI&ssand ~peof Ac:cident, United Stites. July 1959 -June 196l. 25 cents

Disability .imong Persons inthe Lakr Force, by Employment Status, tlnited States. July l96l-Junel962. Wcents.

Types of Injuries, Incidence and Associated Disability, United States. July l957-Junel96l. 3~cent$.

Medical C’are. Hes.lth Status, and Fan!ily Income, Uniterl St.ates. 55 cents.

.lcute Conditions, Incidence and.\ssoci8ted Disutility, United States, July l962-June 1963. Uicents.

Health Insurance Coverage, United Ststes, July 19&June1963. 35 cents.

Bed Disability Among the Chronically Limi@d. United Stites, July 1957-Jurre 1961. .t5cenLs.

Current Estimates Fmm the Health Interview Survey, United States, July 1963-June 1964. 40 cents.

Illness, Disability, and Hospitalization Among Veterans, United States, July 1957-June 1961. 35 cents.

Acute Conditions, Incidence and Associated Disability, United States, July l963-Junel964. 40 cents.

Healti Insurance; Type of Insuring Organization mdkiuItipIe Coverage, United Sti@s, July l962-Junel963. 35 cents.

Chronic Conditions and Activity Limitations, Unikd S&tes, July 1961-June l963. 35 cents.

Series 11. Data Fmm the Health Examination Survev

No. 1. Cycle Iofthe Health Examination Survey :Sample and Response, Uni@d Stites, 1960-1962. 30cerrts.

Glucose Tolerance of Adults, United States, 1960-1962. 25cente.

Binocular Visual Acuity of Adrdts, United States, 1960-1962. 25 cents.

Blood Pressure of Adults, by Ageand Sex, United States, 1960-1962. 35 cents.

Blood Pressure of ldults, by Race and Re.gion, United States, 1960-1962. 25 cents.

HcmtDkeaseinAdu lts,UnitedStW es, 1960-1962. 35 cents.

Selected Dental Findingsin Adults. United States, 1960-1962. 30 cents.

Weight, Height, and Selected Body Dimensions of Adult.s, United States, 1960-196~-

Findings onthe Serologic Test for Syphilis in .Adults, United States, 1960-1962.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. &

,N0. 9.

Series 12. Data Fmm the Health Records Survey

No reports to date.

Series 20. Data on mortality

Noreporks to date.

Series 21. Data on natality, marriage, and divorcs

No. 1. Natality Statistics Analysis, United States, 1962. 45 cents.

No. 2. Demographic Characteristics of Persons Married Between January 1955 and June 19.56. United States. 35 cents.

No. 3. \Veight at Birth and Survivnl of the Nrnvborn,Unite dStates,Early1950.

No. 4. Weight at B]rth and Survival of the Ncw’horn, by(ieographi c Divisions and CIrban and Rural .4reas. I’nited S[ates. Early 1950.

Ifo. 5. \Veightat Birth and SurvivaJ of the Newborn, by ,Igeofllotber and Total-Birth Order. Lrnited States. Early 1950.

No. 6. WcigbtatBlrth and Cause of Cezthin the Neonatal Period, L'nited States, Early 1950.

Series !?!2. Data fmm thepmgram ors:mple survevs related tovitrd records

Xo reports krdalo.