i 

 

Abbreviated Bibliography on Energy Development— 

A Focus on the Rocky Mountain Region

By Jessica M. Montag, Carolyn J. Willis, and Levi W. Glavin

Open-File Report 2011–1206

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

i

Abbreviated Bibliography on Energy Development—

A Focus on the Rocky Mountain Region

By Jessica M. Montag, Carolyn J. Willis, and Levi W. Glavin

Open-File Report 2011–1206

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
ii

U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2011

For product and ordering information:

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth,

its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment:

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

Suggested citation:

Montag, J.M., Willis, C.J., and Glavin, L.W., 2011, Abbreviated bibliography on energy development—

A focus on the Rocky Mountain Region: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2011–1206, 316 p.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual 

copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report.
iii

Contents

Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 1

Rocky Mountain Region................................................................................................................................. 3

Bibliography Development and Organization................................................................................................. 9

Approach.................................................................................................................................................... 9

Categories................................................................................................................................................ 12

Future Goals................................................................................................................................................ 14

Broad Energy Discussions........................................................................................................................... 15

Energy Crisis............................................................................................................................................ 15

Energy Efficiency and Conservation ........................................................................................................ 16

Energy Supply and Demand .................................................................................................................... 23

Consumption ........................................................................................................................................ 27

Sustainable Energy and Energy Security ............................................................................................. 31

Energy Systems....................................................................................................................................... 43

Analysis................................................................................................................................................ 43

Electricity.............................................................................................................................................. 46

Planning and Management................................................................................................................... 51

Transmission........................................................................................................................................ 55

Transportation ...................................................................................................................................... 58

Energy Sources ........................................................................................................................................... 62

Exergy...................................................................................................................................................... 62

Fossil Fuel................................................................................................................................................ 63

Coal...................................................................................................................................................... 66

Natural Gas .......................................................................................................................................... 72

Oil Shale............................................................................................................................................... 76

Petroleum............................................................................................................................................. 77

Tar Sands............................................................................................................................................. 91

Nuclear Energy and Uranium................................................................................................................... 91

Renewable Energy................................................................................................................................... 99

Biomass Energy ................................................................................................................................. 108

Geothermal Energy ............................................................................................................................ 122

Hydroelectric Energy .......................................................................................................................... 124

Solar Energy....................................................................................................................................... 127

Wind Energy....................................................................................................................................... 132

Thermal Energy.................................................................................................................................. 145

Trona ..................................................................................................................................................... 145

Natural Landscape Effects......................................................................................................................... 145

Climate Change ..................................................................................................................................... 158

Greenhouse Gases ............................................................................................................................ 163

Natural Carbon Dioxide Emissions..................................................................................................... 168

Ecosystem ............................................................................................................................................. 168

Landscape Concerns and Land Use...................................................................................................... 179

Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................... 183

Mining................................................................................................................................................. 187

Mitigation, Restoration, and Reclamation............................................................................................... 190

Pollution and Waste ............................................................................................................................... 193

Water ..................................................................................................................................................... 198
iv

Fish .................................................................................................................................................... 204

Wildlife ................................................................................................................................................... 205

Bats.................................................................................................................................................... 209

Birds ................................................................................................................................................... 211

Mammals............................................................................................................................................ 215

Human Landscape Effects......................................................................................................................... 216

Attitudes and Perceptions ...................................................................................................................... 216

Community and Social Effects ............................................................................................................... 223

Rural................................................................................................................................................... 232

Economics ............................................................................................................................................. 233

Cost.................................................................................................................................................... 249

Tax ..................................................................................................................................................... 254

Health and Safety Concerns .................................................................................................................. 255

Native Americans................................................................................................................................... 261

Politics, Policy, and Regulation.............................................................................................................. 262

Research and Technology......................................................................................................................... 281

International Research............................................................................................................................... 291

Methods and Modeling .............................................................................................................................. 304

References Cited....................................................................................................................................... 315

Figures

1. Rocky Mountain Region, United States ...............................................................................................2

2. Crude oil production in the Rocky Mountain Region, 1960–2008 ........................................................4

3. Natural gas production in the Rocky Mountain Region, 1970 2008 .....................................................5

4. Coal Production in the Rocky Mountain Region, 1960–2008...............................................................6

Tables

1. Rocky Mountain Region crude oil, natural gas, and coal production as percentage of U.S. crude 

oil, natural gas, and coal production ....................................................................................................3

2. Rocky Mountain Region renewable electric power generation, 2008...................................................8

3. List of selected search terms ............................................................................................................. 10

4. “Search the literature” resources........................................................................................................ 10

5. Journal websites searched ................................................................................................................ 11

6. Themes, categories, and sub-categories of abbreviated bibliography ............................................... 13
1

Abbreviated Bibliography on Energy Development: A 

Focus on the Rocky Mountain Region

By Jessica M. Montag, Carolyn J. Willis, and Levi W. Glavin

Executive Summary

Energy development of all types continues to grow in the Rocky Mountain Region of the 

western United States. Federal resource managers increasingly need to balance energy demands, 

effects on the natural landscape and public perceptions towards these issues. To assist in 

efficient access to valuable information, this abbreviated bibliography provides citations to 

relevant information for myriad of issues for which resource managers must contend. 

This abbreviated bibliography is not meant to be all encompassing, but instead attempts 

to present the range of issues and research that has been examined over time. From June 2010 

through September 2010 numerous databases were searched as well as specific journals in order 

to identify appropriate citations. Citations are grouped according to applicable and relevant subcategories under the categrories of: broad energy discussions, energy sources, natural landscape 

effects, human landscape effects, research and technology, international research, and methods 

and modeling. 

A future goal is to expand this abbreviated bibliography and develop a web-based citation 

database for U.S. Geological Survey researchers and collaborators.

Introduction

The Rocky Mountain Region (RMR) (fig. 1) of the United States is an area rich in energy 

resources. We have defined the RMR as these eight states: Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, 

Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada. These eight states have unique landscapes on 

which energy development may have lasting effects. Understanding the research on energy 

development and the associated effects, both positive and negative, is a necessary first step for 

adeptly managing and balancing the effects of energy development on natural landscapes and 

human communities. 

Land management agencies within the Department of the Interior (DOI), in particular the 

Bureau of Land Management (BLM), must contend with balancing energy development with 

other land uses and values. Such issues and the decisions made to effectively resolve them are 

often controversial and complex, necessitating easy access to useful data, literature, and other 

informative resources that facilitate better understandings of various effects that result from 

energy development.

The goal of this abbreviated bibliography is to provide references to a range of literature 

and research conducted through August 2010. These references will guide land and resource 

managers to available literature. This abbreviated bibliography is just that: abbreviated, and thus 

not meant to be all-encompassing and comprehensive. In this bibliography, there is an emphasis 

on providing citations for literature describing energy development and associated effects 

potentially applicable to the RMR. There is, therefore, a lack of discussion of effects from 

offshore-based energy
2

Figure 1. Rocky Mountain Region, United States.

development, such as offshore oil wells, offshore wind farms, and tidal energy, as well as a lack 

of detailed energy life-cycle assessments and the geological aspects of energy sources. For 

individuals interested in petroleum pollution, especially pertaining to coastal and marine effects, 

Albers (1998) has an excellent bibliography. This is available online at: 

http://www.fws.gov/contaminants/pdf/Alberspetroleum.pdf. Another excellent bibliography that 

focuses more on the social, political, and economic realms associated with energy development 

is by Rudolph (1995). This bibliography covers a considerable amount of research done in the 

1970s. Therefore, while we have included 1970s literature in order to give a sample of the range 

of research that has been done; we chose to limit the amount of 1970s literature in order to focus 

on the more recent literature that was not already covered in Rudolph (1995). 

The first section of the bibliography briefly discusses the types of energy development 

occurring in the RMR as a way to highlight this area’s importance for energy resources. The 

second section provides information on how the bibliography was developed, including the 
3

databases searched and a select list of search terms, how the citations were organized, and the 

name of the categories used. The third section outlines the future goal of moving beyond this 

abbreviated bibliography by developing a web-based citation and resource database for USGS 

researchers and collaborators. The final section presents the citations.

Rocky Mountain Region

The RMR provides considerable fossil-fuel resources, hydroelectricity, and increasing

amounts of solar- and wind-based energy. The RMR as a whole has played a growing role in 

United States fossil-fuel production, especially natural gas and coal production (table 1). Figures 

2–4 highlight crude oil, natural gas, and coal production in the RMR’s-highest producing states. 

The downward trend for crude oil production and upward trends for both natural gas production 

and coal production are notable. In 2008, the RMR provided over 50 percent of the coal 

produced in the United States and over a quarter of the natural gas, indicating that fossil fuel 

resources and development are considerable aspects for RMR land and resource managers to 

consider. As an example, the figures show that the state of Wyoming is a considerable producer 

of these resources in the RMR. It led in crude oil production until 1998 (fig. 2) and took the lead 

in natural gas production in 2006 (fig. 3). Wyoming is also the highest coal-producing state in 

the RMR, having produced over 450,000 thousand short tons (fig. 4). This amount of production 

has made Wyoming the leading coal producer in the United States (U.S. Energy Information 

Administration, 2010b).

Table 1. Rocky Mountain Region crude oil, natural gas, and coal production as percentage of U.S. crude 

oil, natural gas, and coal production. Percentages devised from U.S.Energy Information 

Administration, 2010a.

Crude oil Natural gas Coal

thousand 

barrels

million cubic 

feet thousand short tons

1970 10.7% 7.9% 4.7%

1975 11.3% 9.4% 11.7%

1980 9.1% 9.7% 22.4%

1985 9.5% 9.9% 26.7%

1990 9.4% 12.0% 29.0%

1995 8.7% 16.7% 38.0%

2000 8.4% 20.2% 44.1%

2005 9.8% 26.7% 48.5%

2008 10.5% 27.9% 51.4%
4

Figure 2. Crude oil production in the Rocky Mountain Region, 1960–2008. 1960–2008 crude oil 

production data from U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010a. 

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

THOUSAND BARRELS

YEAR

Colorado

Montana

New Mexico

Utah

Wyoming
5 

Figure 3. Natural gas production in the Rocky Mountain Region, 1970 2008. 1970-2008 natural gas 

production data from U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010a.

2,500,000

2,000,000

TEEF1,500,000 C N CUBIOIL1,000,000 LIM

500,000

0

YEAR

Colorado

Montana

New 

Mexico

Utah

Wyoming
6 

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

WYOMING PRODUCTION, THOUSAND SHORT 

TONS

THOUSAND SHORT TONS

YEAR

Arizona

Colorado

Montana

New 

Mexico

Utah

Wyoming

Figure 4. Coal Production in the Rocky Mountain Region, 1960–2008. 1960–2008 coal production data 

from U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010a. 
7

Renewable energy is also produced in the RMR, including geothermal, hydroelectricity, 

solar, wind, wood, and biomass. Table 2 presents the amount of electric power that is generated 

by these renewable resources for each RMR state in 2008. One can identify that in 2008, 

Montana produced the highest amount of renewable electric power generation in the RMR and it 

ranked sixth in the Nation as a whole (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010c). Idaho 

was close behind, ranking seventh in the United States and its renewable electric power 

generation was only 704 thousand megawatthours (Mwh) lower than Montana’s (U.S. Energy 

Information Administration, 2010c). The high ranking of these two states is likely due to their 

hydroelectricity generation (10,000 thousand Mwh in Montana, 9,363 thousand Mwh in Idaho). 

As a whole, 77 percent of the RMR’s renewable electric power generation came from 

hydroelectricity (table 2). Wind power was the next highest, producing 16 percent of the 

renewable electric power in the RMR in 2008. Although renewable-energy production has not 

reached the levels of fossil-fuel production in the RMR, the societal push for development of 

renewable energy resources will likely pertain to several land- and resource-management 

decisions.

Arizona is the only state in the RMR that contains a nuclear power plant. Palo Verde 

Nuclear Generating Station in Arizona is the largest nuclear power plant in the United States and 

generates close to 25 percent of the state’s electricity (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 

2010d). In 2008, Arizona generated approximately 29,000 thousand Mwh of nuclear power 

(U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010d). When discussing nuclear power, one should 

not overlook one of its main components: uranium. Wyoming has consistently provided most of

the United State’s uranium since 1995 (Wyoming State Geological Survey, 2010) and has the 

largest known reserves in the United States (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010e). 

Arizona, Colorado, and Utah as a group, and New Mexico by itself, also have considerable 

known uranium reserves in comparison to the total of the United State’s uranium reserves (U.S. 

Energy Information Administration, 2010e). The remaining RMR states also have uranium 

reserves, but those reserves are considerably smaller (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 

2010e). Thus, nuclear power and the associated uranium development provide other issues to be 

considered by land and resource managers in the RMR including issues associated with water 

quality and habitat disturbance.

Due to the extent of energy development and the vast natural resources within the RMR, 

federal and state land and resource managers contend with numerous issues and concerns when 

balancing energy development/production with both natural and human landscapes. While this 

discussion on energy development in the RMR is quite brief, it highlights the diverse types and 

the amount of energy development that land and resource managers may encounter. 

Additionally, it should be noted that much of this energy development does not occur in 

isolation; in several areas, multiple energy sources can be and are developed. Considering the 

various techniques used to acquire and develop these energy sources, such as drilling, mining, insitu leaching, wind turbine erection, and solar panel installation, there are a multitude of potential 

effects upon the natural and human landscapes. Efficient access to valuable literature on 

previous research (the goal of this abbreviated bibliography) should provide land and resource 

managers with assistance in dealing with energy development and its potential effects. 
8

Table 2. Rocky Mountain Region renewable electric power generation, 2008. 2008 renewable electric power generation data from U.S. Energy Information 

Administration, 2010c. [MSW, municipal solid waste; -, no data reported; *, absolute percentage less than 0.05; s, Value is less than 0.5 of the table metric, but value is included in any 

associated total] 

2008 Electric Power Generation 

(thousand megawatthours) Geothermal Hydroelectric Solar Wind Wood/

wood waste

 MSW biogenic/ 

landfill gas

Other 

biomass

Arizona thousand megawatt hours - 7,286 15 - 76 19 4

% of state electricity generation - 6.10% * - 0.10% * *

Colorado thousand megawatt hours - 2,039 18 3221 s 8 37

% of state electricity generation - 3.80% * 6% * * 0.10%

Idaho thousand megawatt hours 86 9,363 - 207 455 - -

% of state electricity generation 0.70% 78.20% - 1.70% 3.80% - -

Montana thousand megawatt hours 111 10,000 - 593 111 - -

% of state electricity generation 0.40% 33.70% - 2% 0.40% - -

Nevada thousand megawatt hours 1,383 1,751 156 - - - -

% of state electricity generation 3.90% 5% 0.40% - - - -

New Mexico thousand megawatt hours - 312 - 1643 - - 19

% of state electricity generation - 0.80% - 4.40% - - 0.10%

Utah thousand megawatt hours 254 668 - 24 - 24 -

% of state electricity generation 0.50% 1.40% - 0.10% - 0.10% -

Wyoming thousand megawatt hours - 835 - 963 - - -

% of state electricity generation - 1.80% - 2.10% - - -
9

Bibliography Development and Organization

This section outlines how the abbreviated bibliography was developed and the categories 

in which we have grouped the citations. Again, we emphasize that this is not meant to be an 

exhaustive bibliography with all known citations. The purpose is to help show the range of 

research that has been conducted in order to help land and resource managers think about energy 

development and associated effects. While we have attempted to provide a helpful selection of 

citations, it is up to the reader to judge the quality of the research for themselves.

As noted below, there are several energy-related citation databases that were incredibly 

helpful in compiling this abbreviated bibliography. Each database tended to provide different 

types of citations, whether in terms of forms of documents, such as federal agency reports; 

specific issues, such as wildlife and wind energy; or energy sources, such as oil and gas. An 

excellent bibliography that focuses more on the social, political, and economic realms associated 

with energy development is by Rudolph (1995). This bibliography covers a considerable amount 

of research done in the 1970s. Therefore, while we have included 1970s literature in order to 

give a sample of the range of research that has been done: we chose to limit the amount of 1970s 

literature in order to focus on the more recent literature that was not already covered in Rudolph 

(1995). Our abbreviated bibliography attempts to bring the various types of citations together 

while also acknowledging the valuable resources that these databases provide.

Approach

Starting in June 2010 and extending through September 2010, detailed searches for 

applicable literature were conducted. While after September 2010 we did not conduct detailed 

searches, we have included literature that we came across through December 2010. Since new 

literature is always becoming available, a focused time for compiling the citations was needed in 

order to publish the bibliography.

In keeping with the focus of this effort, key search terms and term combinations focused 

on energy development and possible associated effects, both positive and negative, on the natural 

and human landscapes. Using a variety of applicable terms and term combinations (see table 3 

for a list of selected terms which were used both as individual terms and in combination with 

other terms), we specifically searched the following citation databases: CSA Illumina, GeoRef,

GeoScienceWorld, GreenFILE, Groundwater and Soil Contamination Database, ScienceDirect,

Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Water Resources Abstracts. Through the U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) library system’s “search the literature” function, numerous other resources were 

also searched (table 4). 
10

Table 3. List of selected search terms.

attitudes natural gas

biomass natural gas development

coal nuclear energy

coal production oil

community effects oil development

ecological impacts petroleum 

economic impacts petroleum development

ecosystem policy

energy renewable energy

energy development social impacts

environmental impacts solar energy

geothermal trona

groundwater contamination uranium

hydroelectric uranium production

hydropower water and groundwater

impacts wildlife

landscape wind

mining wind power

Table 4. “Search the literature” resources.

Academic Search Premier JSTOR Biological Sciences Collection

Access Science JSTOR Ecology and Botany Collection

American Chemical Society Web Edition JSTOR Health and General Science Collection

American Fisheries Society JSTOR Life Sciences Collection

American Institute of Physics Publications Lyell Collection

American Statistical Association Publication MasterFile Premier

Aqualine Mining Communications Online Journals

ArticleFirst Nature Journals Online

ASCE Research Library NetLibrary eBooks

ASTM Journals Open J-Gate

BioOne Abstracts and Indexes Oxford Journals

BioOne PION Journals

Birds of North America Online Royal Society Publications

Cambridge Journals Online SAGE Premier 2007

Columbia Gazetteer of the World Science and Technology

CSIRO Publishing Journals Science Magazine

Current Contents Connect SEG Research Collection

Directory of Open Access Journals SpringerLink Contemorary (1997–Present)

Electronic Books University of Chicago Press Journals

Electronic Collections Online USGS Online Catalog

Environment Complete Wiley-Blackwell Full Collection

GeoRef in Process WorldCat (OCLC Online Union Catalog)

GeoScienceWorld WorldCat Dissertations and Theses

Inter-Research
11

We also conducted searches in various online resources including: the Energy Citation 

Database (http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/index.jsp), the Wyoming Energy Resources 

Information Clearinghouse (http://www.weric.info/documents.htm), Energy Science and 

Technology Virtual Library (http://www.osti.gov/energyfiles/about.html), International Energy 

Agency publications (http://www.iea.org/publications/index.asp), Knowledge Management 

Database Portal (http://www.netl.doe.gov/KMD/), Intermountain Oil and Gas BMP Project 

(http://www.oilandgasbmps.org/bibliosearch.php), and Wind-Wildlife Impacts Literature 

Database (WILD) (http://www.nrel.gov/wind/wild.html). Additional searches were conducted on

the websites of numerous journals which we believed could have applicable literature (table 5). 

Several of these journals were searched through some of the above citation databases, such as 

ScienceDirect and Scopus; however, we believe that looking at the journals individually allowed 

us to tailor more specific searches depending on the journal’s general content. These journals 

may also prove useful for land and resource managers as new research is published.

Table 5. Journal websites searched.

Annual Review of Energy Journal of Energy, Natural Resources and Environmental 

Law

Annual Review of Energy and the Environment Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law

Annual Review of Environment and Resources. Journal of Environmental Management

Applied Energy Journal of Land, Resources, and Environmental Law

Biomass and Bioenergy Journal of Mammalogy

Carbon and Climate Law Review Journal of Renewable Energy Law and Policy Review

Electricity Journal Journal of the American Water Resources Association

Encyclopedia of Energy Journal of Wildlife Management

Energy Journal of World Energy Law and Business

Energy and Fuels Land Use Policy

Energy Conversion and Management Landscape Research

Energy Economics Minerals and the Environment

Energy for Sustainable Development MRS (Materials Research Society) Bulletin

Energy Law Journal Natural Resources and Research

Energy Policy Nonrenewable Resources

Environmental and Energy Law and Policy 

Journal Nuclear Engineering and Design

Environmental Impact Assessment Review Oil and Energy Trends

Environmental International Oil and Gas Journal

Environmental Quality Management OPEC Energy Review

Environmental Science and Policy Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Environmental Science and Technology Renewable Energy

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Resources

Fuel and Energy Abstracts Resources Policy

International Journal of Energy Research Rural Sociology
12

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy The Science of the Total Environment

International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment Solar Energy Materials

Journal of Applied Ecology Society and Natural Resources

Journal of Energy and Environmental Research Technology in Society

Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment Wildlife Society Bulletin

Journal of Energy Law and Policy Wind Energy

Categories

The development of the categories in which we placed citations was a process that 

evolved as we gained a better understanding of the literature. In keeping with this effort, we 

primarily wanted literature pertaining to energy development and associated effects on the 

natural and human landscapes. Initially, we outlined the various energy sources, biophysical 

factors on the natural landscape, and the components that comprise the human landscape. From 

that list of categories, we were able to further refine categories through combining similar 

categories, creating more overarching categories, and re-evaluating the focus of the literature. 

There is a multitude of ways to categorize these citations, and we have attempted to create 

intuitive and effective categories that would be applicable to land and resource managers. 

We grouped categories and sub-categories under seven overarching themes:

• Broad Energy Discussion

• Energy Sources

• Natural Landscape Effects

• Human Landscape Effects

• Research and Technology

• International Research

• Methods and Modeling

Table 6 identifies the full list of categories and sub-categories. The listing of the 

categories and sub-categories highlights the interconnectedness of the issues surrounding energy 

development and its associated effects. Therefore, citations will be found under multiple 

appropriate categories. This allows the reader to find relevant citations for a category or subcategory in one place without having to navigate through several categories or sub-categories. 

For example, if a person is interested in the oil resources and water, applicable citations are 

available under both the oil sub-category and the water sub-category. We did, however, try to

reduce redundancy through the development of the list of categories and sub-categories; this is 

the reason for not having even more sub-categories. Additionally, it should be noted that in the 

process of categorizing citations, several citations appear under categories which are not 

necessarily implied by the title alone. This is due to our attempt to categorize citations based 

primarily on the content of the document. There is, of course, the caveat that the placement of 

citations in appropriate categories was at times subjective. Therefore, readers may think 

citations should be included in other categories or sub-categories.

While the main geographical focus of this abbreviated bibliography was on the RMR, 

international research is included to highlight the range and types of energy-related research 

occurring worldwide. That said, we omitted numerous international research citations when 

more applicable citations to the RMR existed. Under main category headings, we have a brief 

description of the intent and focus of that category. 
13

Broad Energy Discussions Energy Sources Natural Landscape Effects Human Landscape Effects

 

Research and Technology

 

 International Research

 

Methods and Modeli

Table 6. Themes, categories, and sub-categories of abbreviated bibliography. 
14

Future Goals

While this abbreviated bibliography provides valuable resources, it is just a look at the 

literature at one moment in time. As research continues and issues surrounding energy 

development and use evolve, land and resource managers could use an easily accessible resource 

that provides continual current literature and online resources. Researchers with the USGS 

would also benefit from such a resource, given that energy research is a high priority of current

science and that numerous USGS researchers are involved in large scale, multi-agency/multistakeholder energy initiatives. 

As mentioned before, there are several valuable online resources. However, these are 

spread across numerous websites and are often focused on only a few key components (for 

example, oil and gas literature, wind energy and wildlife, etc.). Development of a web-based 

energy-resource database comprised of pertinent foundational and current literature citations;

links to relevant, energy-related online resources; and research efforts would provide USGS 

researchers and land and resource management collaborators with an efficient mechanism to 

access the latest data and research references.

The four main objectives of this effort would include:

• development of a “living” web-based literature-citation database of foundational and 

current research that can be easily queried,

• compilation of online resources,

• identification and prioritization of valuable journals and books which include relevant 

and current energy research, and 

• determination of the accessibility of those sources.

It is not the goal of this effort to provide an all-encompassing and comprehensive 

literature-citation database, but to provide a range of literature which describes research that has 

been conducted and to point to additional appropriate resources that currently exist online. The 

database will be a “living” database in that it will be frequently reviewed and updated in order to 

provide the most up-to-date citations and related online resources.
15

Broad Energy Discussions

This section covers a wide range of energy-related issues. It discusses general 

development and retrieval of various energy sources, the systems that implement energy delivery 

and use, and the perceived efficiency or inefficiency of various energy types.

Energy Crisis

The sources listed below represent decades of discussion about past, current, and future 

use of energy (particularly oil). All of the sources, starting as far back as the 1970s, discuss the 

estimated amount of energy resources available to the United States and present various 

projections on how both an energy shortage and solutions to that shortage may affect the world 

(particularly the United States). Because the emphasis of this abbreviated bibliography is on the 

effects on the natural and human landscapes, we limited the selection of sources pertaining to 

energy crisis. However, we still believe it is important to include this category to provide 

context to the energy-development discussion.

Abrahamsson, B.J., ed., 1976, The changing economics of world energy: Boulder, Colo., 

Westview Press, 165 p.

Andrew, R.B.F., 2001, Population and the demise of cheap energy: Politics and the Life 

Sciences, v. 20, p. 217–226.

Balaban, O., and Tsatskin, A., 2009, The paradox of oil reserve forecasts—The political 

implications of predicting oil reserves and oil consumption: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 3, 

p. 1340–1344.

Bellaby, P., 2010, Uncertainties and risks in transitions to sustainable energy and the part ‘trust’ 

might play in managing them—A comparison with the current pension crisis: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2624–2630.

Biswas, A., 1984, Energy and agriculture—Their interacting futures, policy implications of 

global models: Energy Policy, v. 12, no. 4, p. 469–470.

Blair, J.M., 1976, The control of oil: New York, N.Y., Pantheon Books, 441 p.

Boulding, K.E., 1974, The social system and the energy crisis: Science, v. 184, no. 4134, p. 255–

257.

Brooks, H., 1981, Perspectives on the energy problem: Proceedings of the American 

Philosophical Society, v. 125, 7 p.

Duggan, J.L., and Cloutier, R.J., 1977, Energy sources for the future, in Symposium on energy 

sources for the future, Oak Ridge, Tenn., April 1977, Proceedings: Oak Ridge, Tenn., 

Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 308 p.
16

Fouquet, R., 2010, The slow search for solutions—Lessons from historical energy transition by 

sector and service: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6586-6596.

Greenberger, M., and Richels, R., 1979, Assessing energy policy models—Current state and 

future directions: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 467–500.

Just, J., and Lave, L., 1979, Review of scenarios of future U.S. energy use: Annual Review of 

Energy, v. 4, p. 501–536. 

Landsberg, H.H., 1980, Let's all play energy policy!: Daedalus, v. 109, no. 3, p. 71–84.

Radetzki, M., 2010, Peak oil and other threatening peaks—Chimeras without substance: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6566–6569.

Temkin, B., 1983, State, ecology, and independence—Policy responses to the energy crisis in the 

United States: British Journal of Political Science, v. 13, no. 4, p. 441–462.

Tertzakian, P., 2007, A thousand barrels a second—The coming oil break point and the 

challenges facing an energy dependent world: Chicago, Ill., McGraw-Hill, 272 p.

Tokic, D., 2010, The 2008 oil bubble—Causes and consequences: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, 

p. 6009–6015.

Verbruggen, A., and Al Marchohi, M., 2010, Views on peak oil and its relation to climate change 

policy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5572–5581.

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

Energy efficiency and conservation, like energy crisis dialogues, has been a focus of

discussion for decades. This section reflects this by highlighting the wide span of ideas and the 

various viewpoints that surround energy efficiency and conservation. The sources presented 

cover current policies and frameworks for developing new policies, economic projections, rates 

of consumption from various time periods, public influence, and more.

Abbott, J.A., 2010, The localized and scaled discourse of conservation for wind power in Kittitas 

County, Washington: Society and Natural Resources, v. 23, no. 10, p. 969–985.

Adua, L., 2010, To cool a sweltering earth—Does energy efficiency improvement offset the 

climate impacts of lifestyle?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5719–5732.

Al-Ghandoor, A., Phelan, P.E., Villalobos, R., and Jaber, J.O., 2010, Energy and exergy 

utilizations of the U.S. manufacturing sector: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 3048–3065.

America’s Energy Future (Project), National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of 

Engineering, and National Research Council, 2010, Real prospects for energy efficiency 

in the United States: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 329 p.
17

Anderson, M., and Gardiner, D. 2007, The future of oil—Energy security, climate risks, and 

market opportunities: Newton, Mass., Civil Society Institute and Ceres, 29 p.

Arunachalam, V.S., and Elizabeth, L.F., 2008, Harnessing materials for energy: MRS Bulletin, v. 

33, no. 4, p. 261–478.

Babiuch, W.M., and Farhar, B.C., 1994, Stakeholder analysis methodologies resource book: 

Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 103 p.

Baral, N., and Heinen, J.T., 2007, Resources use, conservation attitudes, management 

intervention and park-people relations in the Western Terai landscape of Nepal: 

Environmental Conservation, v. 34, no. 1, p. 64–72.

Benson, S.M., and Orr, J., 2008, Sustainability and energy conversions: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 297–302.

Brathwaite, J., Horst, S., and Iacobucci, J., 2010, Maximizing efficiency in the transition to a 

coal-based economy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6084–6091.

Brennan, T.J., 2009, Optimal energy efficiency policies and regulatory demand-side 

management tests—How well do they match?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3874–3885.

Brooks, H., 1981, Perspectives on the energy problem: Proceedings of the American 

Philosophical Society, v. 125, 7 p.

Brown, J., Hastings, J., Mansur, E.T., and Villas-Boas, S.B., 2008, Reformulating competition—

Gasoline content regulation and wholesale gasoline prices: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 1–19.

Bryant, F.C., and Moskowitz, P.D., 1979, Energy conservation in two northeastern cities—

Opportunities, problems, and prospects: Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 

45 p.

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., and Greenberg, M., 2008, Natural resource protection on buffer 

lands—Integrating resource evaluation and economics: Environmental Monitoring and 

Assessment v. 142, no. 1–3, p. 1–9.

Cappers, P., and Goldman, C., 2009, Financial impact of energy efficiency under a federal 

combined efficiency and renewable electricity standard—Case study of a Kansas superutility: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3998–4010.

Cerqueira Leite, R.C.d., Verde Leal, M.R.L., Barbosa Cortez, L.A., Griffin, W.M., and Gaya 

Scandiffio, M.I., 2009, Can Brazil replace 5% of the 2025 gasoline world demand with 

ethanol?: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 655–661.
18

Cheah, L., and Heywood, J., 2011, Meeting U.S. passenger vehicle fuel economy standards in 

2016 and beyond: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 454–466.

Ciaccia, G., Doni, N., and Fontini, F., 2010, Auctioning wind power sites when environmental 

quality matters: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1734–1740.

Cullen, J.M., and. Allwood, J.M., 2010, Theoretical efficiency limits for energy conversion 

devices: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2059–2069.

Czech, B., and Borkhataria, R., 2001, The relationship of political party affiliation to wildlife 

conservation attitudes: Politics Life Science, v. 20, p. 3–12.

Dai, C., Tao, J., Zhao, M., and Jiang, B., 2007, Energetic efficiency and environmental, 

economic, societal benefits of microdiesel from biowastes: Energy Exploration & 

Exploitation, v. 25, no. 3, p. 219–226.

Del Río, P., 2010, Analyzing the interactions between renewable energy promotion and energy 

efficiency support schemes—The impact of different instruments and design elements: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4978–4989.

Dernbach, J., 2007, Stabilizing and then reducing U.S. energy consumption—Legal and policy 

tools for efficiency and conservation: Washington, D.C., Widener Law School, Widener 

Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series, v. 37, 30 p.

Difs, K., Bennstam, M., Trygg, L., and Nordenstam, L., 2010, Energy conservation measures in 

buildings heated by district heating—A local energy system perspective: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 8, p. 3194–3203.

Dixon, G., Abdel–Salam, T., and Kauffmann, P., 2010, Evaluation of the effectiveness of an 

energy efficiency program for new home construction in eastern North Carolina: Energy, 

v. 35, no. 3, p. 1491–1496. 

Dixon, R.K., McGowan, E., Onysko, G., and Scheer, R.M., 2010, U.S. energy conservation and 

efficiency policies—Challenges and opportunities: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6398–

6408.

Driffill, L., and Owens, S., 2008, How to change attitudes and behaviours in the context of 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4412–4418. 

Energy Analysis Program, 1998, Current work in energy analysis (Energy Analysis Program—

1996 annual report): Berkeley, Calif., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 51 p.

Fang, H., Wu, J., and Zeng, C., 2009, Comparative study on efficiency performance of listed 

coal mining companies in China and the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5140–

5148.
19

Farhar, B.C., 1994, Trends in U.S. public perceptions and preferences on energy and 

environmental policy: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 19, p. 211–239.

Farsi, M., 2010, Risk aversion and willingness to pay for energy efficient systems in rental 

apartments: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 3078–3088.

Faruqui, A., Sergici, S., and Sharif, A., 2010, The impact of informational feedback on energy 

consumption—A survey of the experimental evidence: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1598–

1608.

Fernandez, V., 2010, Commodity futures and market efficiency—A fractional integrated 

approach: Resources Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 276–282. 

Franco, A., and Diaz, A.R., 2009, The future challenges for clean coal technologies—Joining 

efficiency increase and pollutant emission control: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 348–354.

Fredriksson, P.G., Vollebergh, H.R.J., and Dijkgraaf, E., 2004, Corruption and energy efficiency 

in OECD countries—Theory and evidence: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 47, no. 2, p. 207–231.

Fuller, M.C., Kunkel, C., and Kammen, D., 2009, Guide to energy efficiency and renewable 

energy, financing districts for local governments: Berkeley, Calif., University of 

California, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, 47 p.

Gautam, S., Pulkki, R., Shahi, C., and Leitch, M., 2010, Economic and energy efficiency of 

salvaging biomass from wildfire burnt areas for bioenergy production in northwestern 

Ontario—A case study: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1562–1572.

Ghosh, A., 1991, Eighth plan—Challenges and opportunities—VI—Energy—Coal, electricity, 

energy conservation and demand management: Economic and Political Weekly, v. 26, 

no. 8, p. 405–407, 409–412.

Gillingham, K., Newell, R., and Palmer, K., 2006, Energy efficiency policies—A retrospective 

examination: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 31, p. 161–192.

Golden, J.S., Subramanian, V., Irizarri, G.M.A.U., White, P., and Meier, F., 2010, Energy and 

carbon impact from residential laundry in the United States: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 1, p. 53–73.

Hall, P.J., 2008, Energy storage—The route to liberation from the fossil fuel economy?: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4363–4367.

Huang, G.H., Cohen, S.J., Yin, Y.Y., and Bass, B., 1998, Land resources adaptation planning 

under changing climate—A study for the Mackenzie Basin: Resources Conservation and 

Recycling, v. 24, no. 2, p. 95–119.
20

Isaacs, J.C., 2000, The limited potential of ecotourism to contribute to wildlife conservation: 

Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, p. 61–69.

Jackson, J., 2010, Improving energy efficiency and smart grid program analysis with agent-based 

end-use forecasting models: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3771–3780.

Jackson, J., 2010, Promoting energy efficiency investments with risk management decision tools: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3865–3873.

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Jollands, N., Waide, P., Ellis, M., Onoda, T., Laustsen, J., Tanaka, K., de T'Serclaes, P., 

Barnsley, I., Bradley, R., and Meier, A., 2010, The 25 IEA energy efficiency policy 

recommendations to the G8 Gleneagles plan of action: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 

6409–6418.

Judkoff, R., 2008, Increasing building energy efficiency through advances in materials: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 449–454.

Klotz, L., Mack, D., Klapthor, B., Tunstall, C., and Harrison, J., 2010, Unintended anchors—

Building rating systems and energy performance goals for U.S. buildings: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 7, p. 3557–3566.

Kolstad, C.D., 2000, Energy and depletable resources—Economics and policy, 1973–1998: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 39, no. 3, p. 282–305.

Leckner, M., and Zmeureanu, R., 2011, Life cycle cost and energy analysis of a net-zero energy 

house with solar combisystem: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 232–241.

Lesage, D., Van de Graaf, T., and Westphal, K., 2010, G8+5 collaboration on energy efficiency 

and IPEEC— Shortcut to a sustainable future?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6419–

6427.

Limerick, P., and Geller, H., 2007, What every westerner should know about energy efficiency 

and conservation—A guide to a new relationship: Boulder, Colo., Center of the American 

West, 73 p.

Madlener, R., and Alcott, B., 2009, Energy rebound and economic growth—A review of the 

main issues and research needs: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 370–376.

Malik, A., and Al-Badi, A.H., 2009, Economics of wind turbines as an energy fuel saver—A 

case study for remote application in Oman: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1573–1578.
21

Mansur, E.T., Mendelsohn, R., and Morrison, W., 2008, Climate change adaptation—A study of 

fuel choice and consumption in the U.S. energy sector: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 2, p. 175–193.

Milbrandt, A., and Overend, R.P., 2008, Future of liquid biofuels for APEC Economies: Golden, 

Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 103 p.

Miller, A.I., Suppiah, S., and Duffey, R., 2006, Climate change gains more from nuclear 

substitution than from conservation: Nuclear Engineering and Design, v. 236, no. 14–16, 

p. 1657–1667.

Milner, S., Bailey, C., Deans, J., and Pettigrew, D., 2005, Integrated impact assessment in the 

U.K.?—Use, efficacy and future development: Environmental Impact Assessment 

Review, v. 25, no. 1, p. 47–61.

Mudd, G.M., and Diesendorf, M., 2008, Sustainability of uranium mining and milling—Toward 

quantifying resources and eco-efficiency: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 42, 

no. 7, p. 2624–2630.

Mundaca, L., Neij, L., Worrell, E., and McNeil, M., 2010, Evaluating energy efficiency policies 

with energy–economy models: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 35, p. 

305–344.

Myers, K.S., Klein, S.A., and Reindl, D.T., 2010, Assessment of high penetration of solar 

photovoltaics in Wisconsin: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7338–7345.

National Research Council, 2006, Tires and passenger vehicle fuel economy—Informing 

consumers, improving performance: Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board, 

174 p.

Pickard, W.F., 2009, The future of biomass energy—A Fermi-calculation perspective: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1672–1674.

Pruett, C. L., Patten, M.A., and Wolfe, D., 2009, It’s not easy being green—Wind energy and a 

declining grassland bird: BioScience, v. 59, no. 3, p. 257–262.

Rietbergen, M.G., and Blok, K., 2010, Setting SMART targets for industrial energy use and 

industrial energy efficiency: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4339–4354.

Ruth, M., Blohm, A., Mauer, J., Gabriel, S.A., Kesana, V.G., Chen, Y., Hobbs, B.F., and Irani, 

D., 2010, Strategies for carbon dioxide emissions reductions—Residential natural gas 

efficiency, economic, and ancillary health impacts in Maryland: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

11, p. 6926–6935.
22

Scrase, J.I., and Ockwell, D.G., 2010, The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in 

sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2225–2233.

Serra, L. M., Lozano, M.–A., Ramos, J., Ensinas, A., and Nebra, S., 2009, Polygeneration and 

efficient use of natural resources: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 575–586.

Siitonen, S., Tuomaala, M., and Pekka, M., 2010, Variables affecting energy efficiency and CO2

emissions in the steel industry: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2477–2485.

Singh, R.D. and Tiwari, G.N., 2010, Energy conservation in the greenhouse system—A steady 

state analysis: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2367–2373.

Steg, L., 2008, Promoting household energy conservation: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4449–

4453.

Sueyoshi, T., Goto, M., and Ueno, T., 2010, Performance analysis of U.S. coal-fired power 

plants by measuring three DEA efficiencies: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1675–1688.

Sutley, J.L.N., 2010, Proposed U.S. policy for ocean, coast, and Great Lakes stewardship: 

Science, v. 328, p. 1485–1486.

Taylor, P.G., d’Ortigue, O.L., Francoeur, M., and Trudeau, N., 2010, Final energy use in IEA 

countries—The role of energy efficiency: Energy Policy, v. 38, no., 11, p. 6463–6474.

The Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, 2009, Next-generation photon sources for 

grand challenges in science and energy: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 

133 p.

The National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency, 2008, National action plan for energy efficiency 

vision for 2025—A framework for change: National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency 

Leadership Group, 112 p.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006, Department of Energy—Key challenges remain 

for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies to meet future needs: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 73 p.

Uri, N.D., Atwood, J.D., and Sanabria, J., 1999, The environmental benefits and costs of 

conservation tillage: Environmental Geology, v. 38, no. 2, p. 111–125.

Warr, B.S., and Ayres, R.U., 2010, Evidence of causality between the quantity and quality of 

energy consumption and economic growth: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1688–1693.

Yeh, S., and Sperling, D., 2010, Low carbon fuel standards—Implementation scenarios and 

challenges: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6955–6965. 
23

Energy Supply and Demand

The sources referenced here reflect how discussions about the supply and demand of 

energy have their roots in the 1970s and continue to be hotly debated today. All forms of energy, 

from renewables to non-renewables, are touched upon here. Economic projections and associated 

indirect effects, future projections and modeling frameworks, and external factors like climate 

change and how they play on demand are all discussed here. Sources that cover consumption 

rates and uses, sustainable energy, and energy security are broken into subsections. National 

security, sustainable development, and the involvement of energy in acts of war are further 

broken out under sustainable energy/energy security.

Abrahamsson, B.J., ed., 1976, The changing economics of world energy: Boulder, Colo., 

Westview Press, 165 p.

Advanced Resources International Inc., 2009, Potential economic and energy supply impacts of 

proposals to modify federal environmental laws applicable to the U.S. oil and gas 

exploration and production industry: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 59 

p.

Anderson, J.W., 2005, Coal—Dirty cheap energy: Resources, v. 156, p. 31–34. 

Andrews, S.B., and Udall, J.R., 2005, Will there be oil? Current views on supply, in California 

and the world ocean, ’02—Revisiting and revising California’s ocean agenda, Santa 

Barbara, Calif., October, 2002 Proceedings: Sacramento, Calif., California 

Environmental Protection Agency, p. 237–252.

Arunachalam, V.S., and Fleischer, E.L. 2008, The global energy landscape and materials 

innovation: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 264–288.

Askari, H., and Krichene, N., 2010, An oil demand and supply model incorporating monetary 

policy: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2013–2021.

Baral, N., and Heinen, J.T., 2007, Resources use, conservation attitudes, management 

intervention and park-people relations in the Western Terai landscape of Nepal: 

Environmental Conservation, v. 34, no. 1, p. 64–72.

Berg, E., Kverndokk, S., and Rosendahl, K.E., 2002, Oil exploration under climate treaties: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 44, no. 3, p. 493–516.

Black, G., and LaFrance, J.T., 1998, Is Hotelling's rule relevant to domestic oil production?: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 36, no. 2, p. 149–169.

Brandt, A.R., Plevin, R.J., and Farrell, A.E., 2010, Dynamics of the oil transition—Modeling 

capacity, depletion, and emissions: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2852–2860.

Cappers, P., Goldman, C., and Kathan, D., 2010, Demand response in U.S. electricity markets—

Empirical evidence: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1526–1535.
24

Casler, S.D., 1992, Energy demand and the composition of output growth: Journal of 

Environmental Economics and Management, v. 22, no. 2, p. 114–133.

Chang, Y., Ries, R.J., and Wang, Y., 2010, The embodied energy and environmental emissions 

of construction projects in China—An economic input-output LCA model: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6597–6603.

Chen, D., Ma, X., Mu, H., and Li, P., 2010, The inequality of natural resources consumption and 

its relationship with the social development level based on the ecological footprint and 

the HDI: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 

69–86.

Cleveland, C.J., and Kaufmann, R.K., 2003, Oil supply and oil politics—Deja vu all over again: 

Energy Policy, v. 31, no. 6, p. 485–489.

Czúcz, B., Gathman, J.P., and McPherson, G.R., 2010, The impending peak and decline of 

petroleum production—An underestimated challenge for conservation of ecological 

integrity: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 948–956.

Dargay, J.M., and Gately, D., 2010, World oil demand's shift toward faster growing and less 

price-responsive products and regions: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6261–6277.

Deng, S.-J., and Xu, L., 2009, Mean-risk efficient portfolio analysis of demand response and 

supply resources: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1523–1529.

Dunn, S., 2002, Micropower—New variable in the energy-environment-security equation: 

Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 22, p. 72-86.

Dyer, C.H., Hammond, G.P., Jones, C.I., and McKenna, R.C., 2008, Enabling technologies for 

industrial energy demand management: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4434–4443.

Energy Information Administration, 2009, Energy in brief—What everyone should know about 

energy: Washington, D.C., Energy Information Administration, 2 p.

Feagin, J.R., 1990, Extractive regions in developed countries—A comparative analysis of the oil 

capitals, Houston and Aberdeen: Urban Affairs Review, v. 25, p. 591–619.

Fischer, C., Herrnstadt, E., Morgenstern, R., 2008, Understanding errors in EIA projections of 

energy demand: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 22 p.

Foell, W., Green, C., Amann, M., Bhattacharya, S., Carmichael, G., Chadwick, M., Cinderby, S., 

Haugland, T., Hettelingh, J.P., Hordijk, L., Kuylenstierna, J., Shah, J., Shrestha, R., 

Streets, D., and Zhao, D., 1995, Energy use, emissions, and air pollution reduction 

strategies: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 85, no. 4, p. 2277–2282.
25

Frank, H.J., and Schanz Jr., J.J., 1973, The future of American oil and natural gas: The Annals of 

the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 410, p. 24–34.

Ghosh, A., 1991, Eighth plan—Challenges and opportunities—VI—Energy—Coal, electricity, 

energy conservation and demand management: Economic and Political Weekly, v. 26, 

no. 8, p. 405–407, 409–412.

Girod, B., and de Haan, P., 2009, GHG reduction potential of changes in consumption patterns 

and higher quality levels—Evidence from Swiss household consumption survey: Energy 

Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5650–5661.

Greening, L. A., 2010, Demand response resources—Who is responsible for implementation in a 

deregulated market?: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1518–1525.

Hall, P.J., 2008, Energy storage—The route to liberation from the fossil fuel economy?: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4363–4367.

Hartman, R. S., 1979, Frontiers in energy demand modeling: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p.

433–466.

Hekkenberg, M., Moll, H.C., and Uiterkamp, A.J.M., 2009, Dynamic temperature dependence 

patterns in future energy demand models in the context of climate change: Energy, v. 34, 

no. 11, p. 1797–1806.

Herter, K., and Wayland, S., 2010, Residential response to critical-peak pricing of electricity—

California evidence: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1561–1567.

Hoffman, S.M., 2001, Negotiating eternity—Energy, policy, environmental justice, and the 

politics of nuclear waste: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 21, p. 456–472.

Holditch, S.A., and Chianelli, R.R., 2008, Factors that will influence oil and gas supply and 

demand in the 21st century: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 317–323.

Hotz, M.C.B., 1981, Resources and development—Trying to close the gap responsibly: 

Mazingira, v. 5, no. 2, p. 52–61.

Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission and ALL Consulting, 2008, Reducing onshore 

natural gas and oil exploration and production impacts using a broad-based stakeholder 

approach: Tulsa, Okla., NETL, National Petroleum Technology Office, 136 p. 

Jones, D., 1990, Energy—The 1990s and beyond: Energy Policy, v. 18, no. 9, p. 876–877.

Kahouli, S., 2011, Re-examining uranium supply and demand—New insights: Energy Policy, v. 

39, no. 1, p. 358–376.

Kopp, R.J., 2005, Natural gas—Supply problems are key: Resources, v. 156, p. 16-19.
26

Lave, L.B., 2008, The economics of energy options: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 

4, p. 291–296.

Martinsen, D., Funk, C., and Linssen, J., 2010, Biomass for transportation fuels—A costeffective option for the German energy supply?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 1, p. 128–140.

Matlock, M., 2009, Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma energy options analysis—A preliminary review 

of renewable energy development and utility cost savings options: Pawnee, Okla., 

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma, Summit Blue Consulting, LLC, 122 p.

Most, D., and Fichtner, W., 2010, Renewable energy sources in European energy supply and 

interactions with emission trading: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2898–2910.

National Academies Summit on America’s Energy Future, 2008, The National Acadamies 

summit on America's energy future—Summary of a meeting: Washington, D.C., National 

Acadamies Press, 161 p.

National Research Council, 2003, Summary of a workshop on U.S. natural gas demand, supply, 

and technology—Looking toward the future: Washington, D.C., National Academies 

Press, 112 p.

Newbery, D., 2010, Market design for a large share of wind power: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, 

p. 3131–3134.

Parag, Y., and Janda, K.B., 2010, Midstream and sideways—Considering a middle-out approach 

to changing energy demand, in Sussex energy group conference, Oxford, U.K., Oxford 

University, February 2010, Proceedings: Oxford, United Kingdom, Environmental 

Change Institute, 16 p.

Poupeau, F.M., 2009, Domestic customers and reform of the gas sector—An organizational 

sociology perspective: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5385–5392.

Psiloglou, B.E., Giannakopoulos, C., Majithia, S., and Petrakis, M., 2009, Factors affecting 

electricity demand in Athens, Greece and London, U.K.—A comparative assessment: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 11, p. 1855–1863.

Roberts, S., 2008, Energy, equity, and the future of the fuel poor: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 

4471–4474.

Smith, J.W., and Weber, S.L., 2005, Multi-agency permitting teams—Teamwork as a critical 

tool to joint delivery of transportation and environmental protection needs: Energy and 

Environmental Concerns, v. 1941, p. 129–135.

Smith, R.A., 2008, Enabling technologies for demand management—Transport: Energy Policy, 

v. 36, no. 12, p. 4444–4448.
27

Strbac, G., 2008, Demand side management—Benefits and challenges: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 

12, p. 4419–4426.

Tokic, D., 2010, The 2008 oil bubble—Causes and consequences: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, 

p. 6009–6015.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2004, Sustainable development of North America’s oil and natural 

gas—Ensuring plentiful energy and a clean environment: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 12 p. 

U.S. Department of Energy, 2006, Energy demands on water resources—Report to Congress on 

the interdependency of energy and water: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 

80 p.

U.S. Department of the Interior, 2004, American energy for America's future—The role of the 

U.S. Department of the Interior: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, 8 p.

Van Vuuren, D.P., Bouwman, A.F., and Beusen, A.H.W., 2010, Phosphorus demand for the 

1970–2100 period—A scenario analysis of resource depletion: Global Environmental 

Change, v. 20, no. 3, p. 428–439.

Veld, K.V., and Phillips, O.R., 2010, The economics of enhanced oil recovery—Estimating 

incremental oil supply and CO2 demand in the Powder River Basin: Energy Journal, v. 

31, no. 4, p. 31-56.

Vincent, J.R., Panayotou, T., and Hartwick, J.M., 1997, Resource depletion and sustainability in 

small open economies: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 33, no. 

3, p. 274–286.

Walker, G., 2008, What are the barriers and incentives for community-owned means of energy 

production and use?: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4401–4405.

Wang, Y.D., 2009, Integrated policy and planning for water and energy: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 142, no. 1 p. 46–51.

Zucchetto, J., 2006, Trends in oil supply and demand, potential for peaking of conventional oil 

production, and possible mitigation options—A summary report of the workshop: 

Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, 61 p.

Consumption

Amin, M., and Stringer, J., 2008, The electric power grid—Today and tomorrow: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 399–407.
28

Arnorsson, S., 2004, Environmental impact of geothermal energy utilization, in Giere, R. and 

Stille, P., eds., Energy, waste, and the environment—A geochemical perspective: 

London, Geological Society, p. 297–336.

Azadeh, A., Khakestani, M., and Saberi, M., 2009, A flexible fuzzy regression algorithm for 

forecasting oil consumption estimation: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5567–5579.

Azadeh, A., Saberi, M., and Seraj, O., 2010, An integrated fuzzy regression algorithm for energy 

consumption estimation with non-stationary data—A case study of Iran: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 6, p. 2351–2366.

Balaban, O., and Tsatskin, A., 2009, The paradox of oil reserve forecasts—The political 

implications of predicting oil reserves and oil consumption: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 3, 

p. 1340–1344.

Banerjee, D., 2008, Aviation: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 445–447.

Bartleet, M., and Grounder, R., 2010, Energy consumption and economic growth in New 

Zealand—Results of trivariate and multivariate models: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3508–3517.

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., and Greenberg, M., 2008, Natural resource protection on buffer 

lands—Integrating resource evaluation and economics: Environmental Monitoring and 

Assessment v. 142, no. 1–3, p. 1–9.

Casler, S.D., 1992, Energy demand and the composition of output growth: Journal of 

Environmental Economics and Management, v. 22, no. 2, p. 114–133.

Chang, H.-H., Mishra, A.K., and Livingston, M., 2011, Agricultural policy and its impact on fuel 

usage—Empirical evidence from farm household analysis: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, 

p. 348–353.

Chen, D., Ma, X., Mu, H., and Li, P., 2010, The inequality of natural resources consumption and 

its relationship with the social development level based on the ecological footprint and 

the HDI: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 

69–86.

Ciarreta, A., and Zarraga, A., 2010, Economic growth-electricity consumption causality in 12 

European countries—A dynamic panel data approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3790–3796.

Dernbach, J., 2007, Stabilizing and then reducing U.S. energy consumption—Legal and policy 

tools for efficiency and conservation: Washington, D.C., Widener Law School Legal 

Studies Research Paper Series, Widener Law School, v. 37, 30 p.
29

Dixon, G., Abdel–Salam, T., and Kauffmann, P., 2010, Evaluation of the effectiveness of an 

energy efficiency program for new home construction in eastern North Carolina: Energy, 

v. 35, no. 3, p. 1491–1496. 

Driffill, L., and Owens, S., 2008, How to change attitudes and behaviours in the context of 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4412–4418. 

Dutta, M., and Mukherjee, S., 2010, An outlook into energy consumption in large scale 

industries in India—The cases of steel, aluminium, and cement: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

11, p. 7286–7298.

Dyer, J.A., Kulshreshtha, S.N., McConkey, B.G., and Desjardins, R.L., 2010, An assessment of 

fossil fuel energy use and CO2 emissions from farm field operations using a regional 

level crop and land use database for Canada: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2261–2269.

Faruqui, A., Sergici, S., and Sharif, A., 2010, The impact of informational feedback on energy 

consumption—A survey of the experimental evidence: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1598–

1608.

Gielen, D., Newman, J., and Patel, M.K., 2008, Reducing industrial energy use and CO2

emissions—The role of materials science: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, 

p. 471–477.

Gil-Alana, L.A., Loomis, D., and Payne, J.E., 2010, Does energy consumption by the U.S. 

electric power sector exhibit long memory behavior?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 

7512–7518.

Girod, B., and de Haan, P., 2009, GHG reduction potential of changes in consumption patterns 

and higher quality levels—Evidence from Swiss household consumption survey: Energy 

Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5650–5661.

Godwin, D.S., Van Pelt, M.M., and Krasney, T.L., 2010, An analysis of reduction opportunities 

for consumption of hydrofluorocarbons and comparisons to U.S. climate policy 

proposals: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, supplement 1, p. 187–

199.

Goodman, G.T., 1983, Societal problems in meeting current and future energy needs: Ambio, v. 

12, no. 2, p. 97–101.

Goodman, G.T., 1985, Energy development—Where do we go from here?: Ambio, v. 14, no. 

4/5, p. 186–189.

Hayden, H.C., 2005, The solar fraud—Why solar energy won't run the world: Pueblo West, 

Colo., Vales Lake Publishing LLC, 281 p.
30

Higgins, P.A.T., and Higgins, M., 2005, A healthy reduction in oil consumption and carbon 

emissions: Energy Policy, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1–4.

Hill, S.I., Desobry, F., Garnsey, E.W., and Chong, Y.F., 2010, The impact on energy 

consumption of daylight saving clock changes: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4955–4965.

Iorgulescu, R.I., and Polimeni, J.M., 2009, A multi-scale integrated analysis of the energy use in 

Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, and Hungary: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 341–347.

Just, J., and Lave, L., 1979, Review of scenarios of future U.S. energy use: Annual Review of 

Energy, v. 4, p. 501–536. 

Kumar, U., and Jain, V.K., 2010, Time series models (Grey-Markov, Grey Model with rolling 

mechanism and singular spectrum analysis) to forecast energy consumption in India: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1709–1716.

Limerick, P., and Geller, H., 2007, What every westerner should know about energy efficiency 

and conservation—A guide to a new relationship: Boulder, Colo., Center of the American 

West, 73 p.

Mansur, E.T., Mendelsohn, R., and Morrison, W., 2008, Climate change adaptation—A study of 

fuel choice and consumption in the U.S. energy sector: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 2, p. 175–193.

Mehrara, M., 2007, Energy consumption and economic growth—The case of oil exporting 

countries: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2939–2945.

Mu, T., Xia, Q., and Kang, C., 2010, Input-output table of electricity demand and its application: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 326–331.

National Research Council, 2009, Driving and the built environment—The effects of compact 

development on motorized travel—Energy, use, and CO2 emissions: Washington, D.C., 

Transportation Research Board, 257 p.

Parshall, L., Gurney, K., Hammer, S., Mendoza, D., Zhou, Y., and Geethakumar, S., 2009, 

Modeling energy consumption and CO2 emissions at the urban scale—Methodological 

challenges and insights from the United States: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4765–

4782.

Pimentel, D., and Pimentel, M., 1996, Food, energy, and society: Niwot, Colo., Colorado 

University Press, 363 p.

Rosas-Flores, J.A., and Gálvez, D.M., 2010, What goes up—Recent trends in Mexican 

residential energy use: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2596–2602.
31

Saidur, R., Rahim, N.A., Masjuki, H.H., Mehilef, S., Ping, H.W., and Jamaluddin, M.F., 2009, 

End-use energy analysis in the Malaysian industrial sector: Energy, v. 34, no. 2, p. 153–

158.

Smil, V., 2000, Energy in the twentieth century—Resources, conversions, costs, uses, and 

consequences: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 25, p. 21–51.

Stern, P.C. and Aronson, E., 1984, Energy use—The human dimension: New York, W.H. 

Freeman and Company, 250 p.

Tertzakian, P., 2007, A thousand barrels a second—The coming oil break point and the 

challenges facing an energy dependent world: Chicago, Ill., McGraw-Hill, 272 p.

U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2009, The annual energy outlook—2009: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and 

Forecasting, U.S. Department of Energy, 230 p.

Vincent, J.R., Panayotou, T., and Hartwick, J.M., 1997, Resource depletion and sustainability in 

small open economies: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 33, no. 

3, p. 274–286.

Wang, Y., 2010, The analysis of the impacts of energy consumption on environment and public 

health in China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4473-4479. 

Warr, B.S., and Ayres, R.U., 2010, Evidence of causality between the quantity and quality of 

energy consumption and economic growth: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1688–1693.

Wilson, C., and Dowlatabadi, H., 2007, Models of decision making and residential energy use: 

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 169–203.

Yuan, C., Liu, S., and Xie, N., 2010, The impact on Chinese economic growth and energy 

consumption of the global financial crisis—An input-output analysis: Energy, v. 35, no. 

4, p. 1805–1812.

Sustainable Energy and Energy Security

Adamantiades, A., and Kessides, I., 2009, Nuclear power for sustainable development—Current 

status and future prospects: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5149–5166.

Alexopoulos, S., and Hoffschmidt, B., 2010, Solar tower power plant in Germany and future 

perspectives of the development of the technology in Greece and Cyprus: Renewable 

Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 1352–1356.
32

Amezaga, J.M., Rotting, T.S., Younger, P.L., Nairn, R.W., Noles, A.J., Oyarzn, R., and 

Quintanilla, J., 2011, A rich vein? Mining and the pursuit of sustainability: 

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 21–26.

Anderson, M., and Gardiner, D. 2007, The future of oil—Energy security, climate risks, and 

market opportunities: Civil Society Institute, The Coalition for Environmentally 

Responsible Economies, 29 p.

Assefa, G., and Frostell, B., 2007, Social sustainability and social acceptance in technology 

assessment—A case study of energy technologies: Technology in Society, v. 29, no. 1, p. 

63–78.

Balat, H., 2007, Green power for a sustainable future: Energy Exploration & Exploitation, v. 25, 

no. 1, p. 1–25.

Balat, H., 2007, The role of coal in sustainable energy development: Energy Exploration & 

Exploitation, v. 25, no. 3, p. 151–174.

Bang, G., 2009, Energy security and climate change concerns—Triggers for energy policy 

change in the United States?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1645–1653.

Becker, D.R., Skog, K., Hellman, A., Halvorsen, K.E., and Mace, T., 2009, An outlook for 

sustainable forest bioenergy production in the Lake States: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, 

p. 5687–5693.

Bellaby, P., 2010, Uncertainties and risks in transitions to sustainable energy and the part ‘trust’ 

might play in managing them—A comparison with the current pension crisis: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2624–2630.

Benson, S.M., and Orr, Jr., 2008, Sustainability and energy conversions: Harnessing Materials 

for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 297–302.

Biswas, A.K., and Biswas, M.R., 1976, State of the environment and its implications to resource 

policy development: BioScience, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19–25.

Bohn, C., and Lant, C., 2008, Welcoming the wind? Determinants of wind power development 

among the U.S.: The Professional Geographer, v. 61, no. 1, p. 87–100.

Bollen, J., Hers, S., and Zwaan, B., 2009, An integrated assessment of climate change, air 

pollution, and energy security policy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4021–4030.

Bonfield, P., 2008, Environmental performance enters construction materials: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 454–456.

Brooks, H., and Hollander, J.M., 1979, United States energy alternatives to 2010 and beyond—

The Conaes study: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 1–7.
33

Byrne, J., Martinez, C., and Ruggero, C., 2009, Relocating energy in the social commons—Ideas 

for a sustainable energy utility: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 20, no. 2, 

p. 81–94.

Carrera, D.G., and Mack, A., 2010, Sustainability assessment of energy technologies via social 

indicators—Results of a survey among European energy experts: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 2, p. 1030–1039.

Cerqueira Leite, R.C.d., Verde Leal, M.R.L., Barbosa Cortez, L.A., Griffin, W.M., and Gaya 

Scandiffio, M.I., 2009, Can Brazil replace 5% of the 2025 gasoline world demand with 

ethanol?: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 655–661.

Dahle, D., Kirby, M., Heimiller, D., Farhar, B., and Owens, B., 2003, Assessing the potential for 

renewable energy on public lands: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 95 p.

Delzeit, R., and Holm-Müller, K., 2009, Steps to discern sustainability criteria for a certification 

scheme of bioethanol in Brazil—Approach and difficulties: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 662–

668.

Denton, H.R., 1987, The causes and consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident and 

implications for the regulation of U.S. nuclear power plants: Annals of Nuclear Energy, 

v. 14, no. 6, p. 295–315.

Duggan, J.L., and Cloutier, R.J., 1977, Energy sources for the future, in Symposium on energy 

sources for the future, Oak Ridge, Tenn., April 1977, Proceedings: Oak Ridge, Tenn., 

Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 308 p. 

Dunn, S., 2002, Micropower—New variable in the energy-environment-security equation: 

Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 22, p. 72–86.

Edwards, P.P., Kuznetsov, V.L., David, W.I.F., and Brandon, N.P., 2008, Hydrogen and fuel 

cells—Towards a sustainable energy future: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4356–4362.

Energy Analysis Program, 1998, Current work in energy analysis—Energy analysis program—

1996 annual report: Berkeley, Calif., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 51 p.

EnerNex Corporation, Ventyx, and Nebraska Power Association, 2010, Statewide wind 

integration study—April 2008–January 2010: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy 

Laboratory, 439 p.

Ferguson, E.T., 1994, Sustainability and energy policy: Renewable Energy, v. 5, no. 2, p. 1–14.

Fouquet, R., 2010, The slow search for solutions—Lessons from historical energy transition by 

sector and service: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6586–6596.
34

Gallagher, P., Lazarus, W., Shapouri, H., Conway, R., and Duffield, J., 2009, Cancer-risk 

benefits of clean fuel technology and policy—A statistical analysis: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5113–5124.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

Garg, A., and Shukla, P.R., 2009, Coal and energy security for India—Role of carbon dioxide 

(CO2), capture and storage (CCS): Energy, v. 34, no. 8, p. 1032–1041.

Garribba, S.F., 1991, Prospects for international collaboration on energy technology and role of 

the IEA: Solar Energy Materials, v. 24, no. 1-4, p. 4–17.

Gerbens-Leenes, P.W., Hoekstra, A.Y., and Van der Meer, Th., 2008, The water footprint of 

energy from biomass—A quantitative assessment and consequences of an increasing 

share of bio-energy in energy supply: Ecological Economics, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1052–1060.

Ghose, M.K., 2009, Technological challenges for boosting coal production with environmental 

sustainability: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 154, p. 373–381.

Girardin, L., Marechal, F., Dubuis, M., Darbellay, N., and Favrat, D., 2010, EnerGis—A 

geographical information based system for the evaluation of integrated energy conversion 

systems in urban areas: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 830–840.

Gómez, A., Zubizarreta, J., Dopazo, C., and Fueyo, N., 2011, Spanish energy roadmap to 2020—

Socioeconomic implications of renewable targets: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1973–1985. 

Gopalakrishnan, G., Negri, C.M., Wang, M., May, W., Snyder, S.W., and Lafreniere, L., 2009, 

Biofuels, land, and water—A systems approach to sustainability: Environmental Science 

& Technology, v. 43, no. 15, p. 6094–6100.

Graham, R.L., 1994, The regional environmental impact of biomass production: Oak Ridge, 

Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 36 p.

Graham, R.L., 2007, Forecasting the magnitude of sustainable biofeedstock supplies—The 

challenges and the rewards: Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, v. 1, no. 4, p. 255–263.

Greene, D.L., 2009, Energy assurance—Essential energy technologies for climate protection and 

energy security: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 127 p.

Greene, D.L., 2010, Measuring energy security—Can the United States achieve oil 

independence?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1614–1621.
35

Greene, D.L., Boudreaux, P.R., Dean, D.J., Fulkerson, W., Gaddis, A.L., Graham, R.L., Graves, 

R.L., Hopson, R.L., Hughes, P., Lapsa, M.V., Mason, T.E., Standaert, R.F., Wilbanks, 

T.J., and Zucker, A., 2010, The importance of advancing technology to America's energy 

goals: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3886–3890.

Gronlund, L., Lochbaum, D., and Lyman, E., 2007, Nuclear power in a warming world—

Assessing the risks, addressing the challenges: Cambridge, Mass., Union of Concerned 

Scientists, 82 p.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, U.S. energy needs and the role of western public lands: Bozeman, 

Mont., Headwaters Economics, 34 p.

Hill, J., 2007, Environmental costs and benefits of transportation biofuel production from foodand lignocellulose-based energy crops—A review: Agronomy for Sustainable 

Development, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Hoffert, M.I., Caldeira, K., Benford, G., Criswell, D.R., Green, C., Herzog, H., Jain, A.K., 

Kheshgi, H.S., Lackner, K.S., Lewis, J.S., Lightfoot, H.D., Manheimer, W., Mankins, 

J.C., Mauel, M.E., Perkins, L.J, Schlesinger, M.E., Volk, T., and Wigley, T.M.L., 2002, 

Advanced technology paths to global climate stability—Energy for a greenhouse planet: 

Science, v. 298, no. 5595, p. 981–987.

Howarth, R.B., and Monahan, P.A., 1992, Economics, ethics, and climate policy: Berkeley, 

Calif., Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 72 p.

Hughes, L., 2010, Eastern Canadian crude oil supply and its implications for regional energy 

security: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2692–2699.

Huntington, H.G., 2008, The oil security problem—International handbook on the economics of 

energy: Stanford, Calif., Stanford University, 38 p.

Huntington, H.G., and Brown, S.P.A., 2004, Energy security and global climate change 

mitigation: Energy Policy, v. 32, no. 6, p. 715–718.

Jacobson, M.Z., 2009, Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security: 

Energy & Environmental Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 148–173.

Jansen, J.C., and Seebregts, A.J., 2009, Long-term energy services security—What is it and how 

can it be measured and valued?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1654–1664.

Jones, C.O., 1979, American politics and the organization of energy decision making: Annual 

Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 99–121.

Jones, D., 1990, Energy—The 1990s and beyond: Energy Policy, v. 18, no. 9, p. 876–877.
36

Kajikawa, Y., Ohno, J., Takeda, Y., Matsushima, K., and Komiyama, H., 2007, Creating an 

academic landscape of sustainability science—An analysis of the citation network: 

Sustainability Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 221–231.

Koshel, P., and McAllister, K., 2008, Transitioning to sustainability through research and 

development on ecosystem services and biofuels—Workshop summary: Washington, 

D.C., National Acadamies Press, 130 p.

Koshel, P., and McAllister, K., 2010, Expanding biofuel production—Sustainability and the 

transition to advanced biofuels—Summary of a workshop: Washington, D.C., National 

Academies Press, 178 p.

Kosnik, L., 2010, The potential for small scale hydropower development in the U.S.: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5512–5519.

Kotchen, M.J., and Moore, M.R., 2007, Private provision of environmental public goods—

Household participation in green-electricity programs: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 1–16.

Kromer, M.A., Bandivadekar, A., and Evans, C., 2010, Long-term greenhouse gas emission and 

petroleum reduction goals—Evolutionary pathways for the light-duty vehicle sector: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 387–397.

Kruyt, B., van Vuuren, D.P., Vries, H.J.M., and Groenenberg, H., 2009, Indicators for energy 

security: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 6, p. 2166–2181.

Lefevre, N., 2010, Measuring the energy security implications of fossil fuel resource 

concentration: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1635–1644.

Lesage, D., Van de Graaf, T., and Westphal, K., 2010, G8+5 collaboration on energy efficiency 

and IPEEC—Shortcut to a sustainable future?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6419–

6427.

Lior, N., 2010, Energy resources and use—The present 2008 situation and possible sustainable 

paths to the future: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2631–2638.

Lior, N., 2010, Sustainable energy development—The present 2009 situation and possible paths 

to the future: Energy, v. 35, no. 10, p. 3976–3994.

Löschel, A., Moslener, U., and Rubbelke, D.T.G., 2009, Energy security—Concepts and 

indicators: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1607–1608.

Löschel, A., Moslener, U., and Rubbelke, D.T.G., 2009, Indicators of energy security in 

industrialized countries: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1665–1671.
37

Markandya, A., and Pemberton, M., 2009, Energy security—Energy modeling and uncertainty: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1609–1613.

Mitchell, C., and Woodman, B., 2010, Towards trust in regulation— Moving to a public value 

regulation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2644–2651.

Monforti, F., and Szikszai, A., 2010, A Monte Carlo approach for assessing the adequacy of the 

European gas transmission system under supply crisis conditions: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2486–2498.

Mudd, G.M., 2008, Sustainability reporting and water resources—A preliminary assessment of 

embodied water and sustainable mining: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 3, 

p. 136–144.

Nagy, K., 2009, The additional benefits of setting up an energy security centre: Energy, v. 34, 

no. 10, p. 1715–1720.

National Academy of Engineering, 2009, America's energy future—Technology and 

transformation: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 184 p.

National Research Council, 2009, Electricity from renewable resources—Status, prospects, and 

impediments: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 387 p.

National Research Council, 2009, Toward a sustainable and secure water future—A leadership 

role for the U.S. Geological Survey: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 130 p.

Nissing, C., and von Blottnitz, H., 2010, Renewable energy for sustainable urban development—

Redefining the concept of energisation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2179–2187.

Odum, H.T., and Odum, E.C., 2001, A prosperous way down—Principles and policies: Boulder, 

Colo., University Press of Colorado, 348 p.

Papendick, R.I., and Parr, J.F., 1997, No-till farming—The way of the future for a sustainable 

dryland agriculture: Annals of Arid Zone, v. 36, no. 3, p. 193–208.

Peng, T., Lu, H.F., Wu, W.L., Campbell, D.E., Zhao, G.S., Zou, J.H., and Chen, J., 2008, Should 

a small combined heat and power plant (CHP) open to its regional power and heat 

networks? Integrated economic energy and energy evaluation of optimization plans for 

Jiufa CHP: Energy, v. 33, no. 3, p. 437–445.

Pryor, S.C., and Barthelmie, R.J., 2009, Climate change impacts on wind energy: Renewable and 

Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 14, no. 1, p. 430–437.

Radetzki, M., 2010, Peak oil and other threatening peaks—Chimeras without substance: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6566–6569.
38

Raj, B., Vijayalakshmi, M., Vasudeva Rao, P.R., and Rao, K.B.S., 2008, Challenges in materials 

research for sustainable nuclear energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p.

327–337.

Ricci, M., Bellaby, P., and Flynn, R., 2010, Engaging the public on paths to sustainable energy—

Who has to trust whom?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2633–2640.

Ripl, W., 2003, Water—The bloodstream of the biosphere: Philosophical Transactions of the 

Royal Society, v. 358, no. 1440, p. 1921–1934.

Royal Dutch Shell Plc, 2008, Responsible energy sustainability report: Hague, Netherlands, 

Royal Dutch Shell Plc Sustainability Report, 46 p.

Sager, A.D., and Kartha, S., 2007, Bioenergy and sustainable development?: Annual Review of 

Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 131–167.

Salvarli, H., 2009, For sustainable development—Some aspects on energy and environment in 

Turkey: Energy Sources Part B—Economics, Planning and Policy, v. 4, no. 4, p. 356–

364.

Schubert, R., and Blasch, J., 2010, Sustainability standards for bioenergy—A means to reduce 

climate change risks?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2797–2805.

Sengers, F., Raven, R.P.J.M., and Venrooij, A.V., 2010, From riches to rags—Biofuels, media 

discourses, and resistance to sustainable energy technologies: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, 

p. 5013–5027.

Skea, J., 2010, Valuing diversity in energy supply: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3608–3621.

Söderbergh, B., Jakobsson, K., and Aleklett, K., 2009, European energy security—The future of 

Norwegian natural gas production: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5037–5055.

Steg, L., 2008, Promoting household energy conservation: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4449–

4453.

Stirling, A., 2010, Multicriteria diversity analysis—A novel heuristic framework for appraising 

energy portfolios: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1622–1634.

Suppes, G.J., and Storvick, T., 2007, Sustainable nuclear power: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 

Elsevier Academic Press, 416 p.

Taylor, G., 2008, Biofuels and the biorefinery concept: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4406–

4409.

Thornley, P., Upham, P., and Tomei, J., 2009, Sustainability constraints on U.K. bioenergy 

development: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5623–5635.
39

Trainer, F.E., 1995, Can renewable energy sources sustain affluent society?: Energy Policy, v. 

23, no. 12, p. 1009–1026.

Trainer, T., 2007, Renewable energy cannot sustain a consumer society: Dordrecht, Netherlands, 

Springer Publishing, 197 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2004, Sustainable development of North America’s oil and natural 

gas—Ensuring plentiful energy and a clean environment: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 12 p. 

Van de Velde, L., Verbeke, W., Popp, M., and Van Huylenbroeck, G., 2010, The importance of 

message framing for providing information about sustainability and environmental 

aspects of energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5541–5549.

Vellinga, P., 2004, Industrial transformation towards sustainability of the energy system: 

Integrated Assessment, v. 1, no. 2000, p. 157–163.

Veziroglu, T.N., 2007, 21st century's energy—Hydrogen energy system—Assessment of 

hydrogen energy for sustainable development: Brussels, Belgium, North Atlantic Treaty 

Organisiation, Security through Science Series, v. 2007, p. 9–31.

Vincent, J.R., Panayotou, T., and Hartwick, J.M., 1997, Resource depletion and sustainability in 

small open economies: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 33, no. 

3, p. 274–286.

Vivoda, V., 2010, Evaluating energy security in the Asia-Pacific region—A novel 

methodological approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5258–5263.

Watson, J., and Scott, A., 2009, New nuclear power in the U.K.—A strategy for energy 

security?: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5094–5104.

Wiginton, L.K., Nguyen, H.T., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Quantifying rooftop solar photovoltaic 

potential for regional renewable energy policy: Computers, Environment and Urban 

Systems, v. 34, no. 4, p. 345–357.

Xie, K., Li, W., and Zhao, W., 2010, Coal chemical industry and its sustainable development in 

China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4349–4355.

Zhang, G., and Long, W., 2010, A key review on emergy analysis and assessment of biomass 

resources for a sustainable future: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2948–2955.

Zhang, Z., Qiu, C., and Wetzstein, M., 2010, Blend-wall economics—Relaxing U.S. ethanol 

regulations can lead to increased use of fossil fuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3426–

3430.
40

National Security

Dornburg, C.C., Stevens, S.M., Davidson, G.S., and Forsythe, J.C., 2007, Massively parallel 

collaboration—A literature review: Albuquerque, N.M., Sandia National Laboratories, 28 

p.

Dutzik, T., and Sargent, R., 2006, Challenging nuclear power in the states—Policy and 

organizing tools for slowing the Nuclear Renaissance: Los Angeles, Calif., Environment 

California Research and Policy Center, 43 p.

Malnes, R., 1983, OPEC and the problem of collective action: Journal of Peace Research, v. 20, 

p. 343-355.

Stern, R.J., 2010, United States cost of military force projection in the Persian Gulf, 1976–2007: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2816–2825.

Sustainable Development

Afgan, N.H., and Carvalho, M.G., 2004, Sustainability assessment of hydrogen energy systems: 

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v. 29, no. 13, p. 1327–1342.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.

Bellaby, P., 2010, Theme 1—Concepts of trust and methods for investigating it: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 6, p. 2615–2616.

Cairns, J. J., 1997, Defining goals and conditions for a sustainable world: Environmental Health 

Perspectives, v. 105, no. 11, p. 1164–1170.

Chen, W., Li, H., and Wu, Z., 2010, Western China energy development and west to east energy 

transfer—Application of the Western China sustainable energy development model: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7106–7120.

Chen, W., and Xu, R., 2010, Clean coal technology development in China: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2123–2130.

Esteves, A.M., and Vanclay, F., 2009, Social development needs analysis as a tool for SIA to 

guide corporate-community investment—Applications in the minerals industry: 

Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 29, no. 2, p. 137–145.

Goldemberg, J., Johansson, T.B., Reddy, A.K., and Williams, R.H., 2001, Energy for the new 

millennium: Ambio, v. 30, no. 6, p. 330–337.

Goodman, G.T., 1985, Energy development—Where do we go from here?: Ambio, v. 14, no. 

4/5, p. 186–189.
41

Hammond, A.L., 1973, Energy and the future—Research priorities and national policy: Science, 

v. 179, no. 4069, p. 164–166.

Hayden, H.C., 2005, The solar fraud—Why solar energy won't run the world: Pueblo West, 

Colo., Vales Lake Publishing LLC, 281 p.

Jeong, H.-Y., Kim, Y.-I., Lee, Y.-B., Ha, K.-S., Won, B.-C., Lee, D.-U., and Hahn, D., 2009, A 

‘must-go path’ scenario for sustainable development and the role of nuclear energy in the 

21st century: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1962–1968.

Jin, H., Xu, G., Han, W., Gao, L., and Li, Z., 2010, Sustainable development of energy systems 

for western China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4313–4318.

Li, Z., 2010, Quantitative analysis of sustainable energy strategies in China: Energy Policy, v. 

38, no. 5, p. 2149–2160.

Lund, H., 2007, Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development: Energy, v. 32, no. 6, 

p. 912–919.

Markovska, N., Taseska, V., and Pop-Jordanov, J., 2009, SWOT analyses of the national energy 

sector for sustainable energy development: Energy, v. 34, no. 6, p. 752–756.

Martinot, E., Dienst, C., Liu, W., and Chai, Q., 2007, Renewable energy futures—Targets, 

scenarios, and pathways: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 205–

239.

National Science Board, 2009, Building a sustainable energy future—U.S. actions for an 

effective energy economy transformation: Washington, D.C., National Science 

Foundation and National Science Board, 64 p.

Nautiyal, S., and Kaechele, H., 2008, Fuel switching from wood to LPG can benefit the 

environment: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 28, no. 8, p. 523–532.

Salvarli, H., 2009, For sustainable development—Some aspects on energy and environment in 

Turkey: Energy Sources Part B—Economics, Planning and Policy, v. 4, no. 4, p. 356–

364.

Shaw, R., Attree, M., and Jackson, T., 2010, Developing electricity distribution networks and 

their regulation to support sustainable energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5927–

5937.

Tatro, M.L., Covan, J.M., Jones, S.A., Kuswa, G.W., Menicucci, D.F., and Robinett, R.D., 2005, 

Toward an energy surety future: Albuquerque, N.M., Sandia National Laboratories, 42 p.
42

The Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, 2009, Next–generation photon sources for 

grand challenges in science and energy: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 

133 p.

The Sheltair Group, 2003, Forging a sustainable energy system in Greater Vancouver—

Suggested approach and preliminary policy directions for the GVRD: Vancouver, British 

Columbia, The Sheltair Group, 67 p.

Voinov, A., and Cardwell, H., 2009, The energy-water nexus—Why should we care?: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 143, no. 1, p. 17–29.

Wyman, C.E., 2008, Cellulosic ethanol—A unique sustainable liquid transportation fuel: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 381–383.

War

Bobrow, D.B., and Kudrie, R.T., 1976, Theory, policy, and resource cartels—The case of OPEC: 

Journal of Conflict Resolution, v. 20, p. 3-56.

Boulding, K.E., 1974, The social system and the energy crisis: Science, v. 184, no. 4134, p. 255–

257.

Chan, S., 1980, The consequences of expensive oil on arms transfers: Journal of Peace Research, 

v. 17, p. 235–246.

Ewing, R.C., 2008, Nuclear fuel cycle—Environmental impact: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 338–340.

Goodman, G.T., 1983, Societal problems in meeting current and future energy needs: Ambio, v. 

12, no. 2, p. 97–101.

Hecker, S.S., 2008, Preventing nuclear weapon proliferation as nuclear power expands: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 340–342.

Lajuala, P., Rod, J.K., and Theime, N., 2007, Fighting over oil—Introducing a new dataset: 

Conflict Management and Peace Science, v. 24, p. 239–256.

Le Billon, P., and Cervantes, A., 2009, Oil prices, scarcity, and geographies of war: Annals of 

the Association of American Geographers, v. 99, no. 5, p. 836–844.

Mabro, R., 2008, On the security of oil supplies, oil weapons, oil nationalism and all that: OPEC 

Energy Review, no. 32, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Malnes, R., 1983, OPEC and the problem of collective action: Journal of Peace Research, v. 20, 

p. 343–355.
43

Energy Systems 

This section has been broken up into five subsections. The Analysis subsection references 

reports that have reviewed and critiqued various systems of energy production, use, and 

sustainability. The Electricity subsection references research done on how various types of 

energy produce electricity, how it is then used, and their associated effects. The Planning and 

Management subsection provides sources that highlight discussions of supply/demand 

management, planning integration of renewable and non-renewable energy into the electrical 

grid, and how to bridge science with policy. The Transmission subsection deals specifically with 

how electric, gas, nuclear, oil, solar, and wind energies are transmitted to sites for use and the 

various external and internal transmission costs incurred. The Transportation subsection, 

conversely, studies the costs, environmental effects, and socio-economic influence, and other 

issues that deal with transportation modes themselves.

Analysis

Abram, T., and Ion, S., 2008, Generation-IV nuclear power—A review of the state of the 

science: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4323–4330.

Adamantiades, A., and Kessides, I., 2009, Nuclear power for sustainable development—Current 

status and future prospects: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5149–5166.

Akella, A.K., Saini, R.P., and Sharma, M.P., 2008, Social, economical and environmental 

impacts of renewable energy systems: Renewable Energy, v. 34, no. 2009, p. 390–396.

Amano, Y., Ito, K., Yoshida, S., Matsuo, K., Hashizume, T., Favrat, D., and Maréchal, F., 2010, 

Impact analysis of carbon tax on the renewal planning of energy supply system for an 

office building: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1040–1046.

Barros, C.P., Gil-Alana, L.A., and Payne, J.E., 2011, An analysis of oil production by OPEC 

countries—Persistence, breaks, and outliers: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 442–453.

Borges Silverio, L., and Lamas, W.d.Q., 2011, An analysis of development and research on spent 

nuclear fuel reprocessing: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 281–289.

Burgherr, P., and Hirschberg, S., 2008, Severe accident risks in fossil energy chains—A 

comparative analysis: Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 538–553.

Chang, H.-H., Mishra, A.K., and Livingston, M., 2011, Agricultural policy and its impact on fuel 

usage—Empirical evidence from farm household analysis: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, 

p. 348–353.

Driver, D., 2008, Making a material difference in energy: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4302–

4309.

Energy Analysis Program, 1998, Current work in energy analysis—Energy analysis program—

1996 annual report: Berkeley, Calif., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 51 p.
44

Fan, L., Hobbs, B.F., and Norman, C.S., 2010, Risk aversion and CO2 regulatory uncertainty in 

power generation investment—Policy and modeling implications: Journal of 

Environmental Economics and Management, v. 60, no. 3, p. 193–208.

Fouquet, R., 2010, The slow search for solutions—Lessons from historical energy transition by 

sector and service: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6586–6596.

Ghorbani, R., Mondani, F., Amirmoradi, S., Feizi, H., Khorramdel, S., Teimouri, M., Sanjani, S., 

Anvarkhah, S., and Aghel, H., 2011, A case study of energy use and economical analysis 

of irrigated and dryland wheat production systems: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 283–

288.

Jolivet, E., and Heiskanen, E., 2010, Blowing against the wind—An exploratory application of 

actor network theory to the analysis of local controversies and participation processes in 

wind energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6746–6754.

Kajikawa, Y., Ohno, J., Takeda, Y., Matsushima, K., and Komiyama, H., 2007, Creating an 

academic landscape of sustainability science—An analysis of the citation network: 

Sustainability Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 221–231.

Labandeira, X., Labeaga, J.M., and Rodriguez, M., 2009, An integrated economic and 

distributional analysis of energy policies: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5776–5786.

Lazzaretto, A., Toffolo, A., Morandin, M., and von Spakovsky, M.R., 2010, Criteria for the 

decomposition of energy systems in local/global optimizations: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p.

1157–1163.

Leckner, M., and Zmeureanu, R., 2011, Life cycle cost and energy analysis of a net-zero energy 

house with solar combisystem: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 232–241.

Lund, H., 2007, Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development: Energy, v. 32, no. 6, 

p. 912–919.

Lund, H., and Mathiesen, B.V., 2009, Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy 

systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 524–531.

Lund, H., Möller, B., Mathiesen, B.V., Dyrelund, A., 2010, The role of district heating in future 

renewable energy systems: Energy, v. 35, no. 31, p. 1381–1390.

McCollum, D., and Yang, C., 2009, Achieving deep reductions in U.S. transport greenhouse gas 

emissions—Scenario analysis and policy implications: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 

5580–5596.

McDonald, J., 2008, Adaptive intelligent power systems—Active distribution networks: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4346–4351.
45

Möst, D., and Perlwitz, H., 2009, Prospects of gas supply until 2020 in Europe and its relevance 

for the power sector in the context of emission trading: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1510–

1522.

Münster, M., and Lund, H., 2009, Use of waste for heat, electricity and transport—Challenges 

when performing energy system analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 636–644.

Myers, K.S., Klein, S.A., and Reindl, D.T., 2010, Assessment of high penetration of solar 

photovoltaics in Wisconsin: Energy Policy, v. 38, no.11, p. 7338–7345.

Nguyen, H.T., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Estimating potential photovoltaic yield with r.sun and the 

open source geographical resources analysis support system: Solar Energy, v. 84, no. 5, 

p. 831–843.

Oladosu, G., 2009, Identifying the oil price-macroeconomy relationship—An empirical mode 

decomposition analysis of US data: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5417–5426.

Østergaard, P.A., 2009, Reviewing optimization criteria for energy systems analyses of 

renewable energy integration: Energy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1236–1245.

Reppelin-Hill, V., 1999, Trade and environment—An empirical analysis of the technology effect 

in the steel industry: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 38, no. 3, 

p. 283–301.

Rose, A., Nakayama, B., and Stevens, B., 1982, Modern energy region development and income 

distribution—An input-output analysis: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 149–164.

Ruixian, C., Hongguang, J., Lin, G., and Hui, H., 2010, Development of multifunctional energy 

systems (MESs): Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4375–4382.

Shova, T., and Hubacek, K., 2011, Drivers of illegal resource extraction—An analysis of Bardia 

National Park, Nepal: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 156–164.

Sueyoshi, T., and Goto, M., 2010, Should the U.S. clean air act include CO2 emission control? 

Examination by data envelopment analysis: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5902–5911.

Sueyoshi, T., Goto, M., and Ueno, T., 2010, Performance analysis of U.S. coal-fired power 

plants by measuring three DEA efficiencies: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1675–1688.

Wolfe, P., 2008, The implications of an increasingly decentralized energy system: Energy Policy 

v. 36, no. 12, p. 4509–4513.

Woodman, B., and Baker, P., 2008, Regulatory frameworks for decentralized energy: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4527–4531.
46

Zhang, G.J., and Long, W.D., 2010, A key review on energy analysis and assessment of biomass 

resources for a sustainable future: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2948–2955.

Electricity

Algers, B., and Hultgren, J., 1987, Effects of long-term exposure to a 400-kV, 50-Hz 

transmission line on estrous and fertility in cows: Preventive Veterinary Medicine, v. 5, 

no. 1, p. 21–36.

Al-Kassir, A., Gañán-Gómez, J., Mohamad, A.A., and Cuerda-Correa, E.M., 2010, A study of 

energy production from cork residues—Sawdust, sandpaper dust and triturated wood: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 382–386.

Alvarez, R., Schlienger, P., and Weilenmann, M., 2010, Effect of hybrid system battery 

performance on determining CO2 emissions of hybrid electric vehicles in real-world

conditions: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6919–6925.

Amin, M., and Stringer, J., 2008, The electric power grid—Today and tomorrow: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 399–407.

Annestrand, S.A., 2003, Power transmission, high-voltage: Portland, Oreg., Bonneville Power 

Administration, 21 p. 

Baker, J., 2008, New technology and possible advances in energy storage: Energy Policy, v. 36, 

no. 12, p. 4368–4373.

Barnthouse, L.W., Cada, G.F., Cheng, M.-D., Easterly, C.E., Kroodsma, R.L., Lee, R., Shriner, 

D.S., Tolbert, V.R., and Turner, R.S.,1998, Estimating externalities of biomass fuel 

cycles, Report 7: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 429 p.

Batlle, C., and Rodilla, P., 2010, A critical assessment of the different approaches aimed to 

secure electricity generation supply: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7169–7179.

Boccard, N., 2009, Capacity factor of wind power realized values vs. estimates: Energy Policy, 

v. 37, no. 7, p. 2679–2688.

Boccard, N., 2010, Economic properties of wind power—A European assessment: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3232–3244.

Bouffard, F., and Kirschen, D.S., 2008, Centralised and distributed electricity systems: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4504–4508.

Brennan, T.J., 2009, Optimal energy efficiency policies and regulatory demand-side 

management tests—How well do they match?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3874–3885.
47

Burtraw, D., Krupnick, A., Palmer, K., Paul, A., Toman, M., and Bloyd, C., 2003, Ancillary 

benefits of reduced air pollution in the U.S. from moderate greenhouse gas mitigation 

policies in the electricity sector: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 

v. 45, no. 3, p. 650–673.

Chaurey, A., and Kandpal, T.C., 2010, A techno-economic comparison of rural electrification 

based on solar home systems and PV microgrids: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 3118–

3129.

Christman, R.C., Haslbeck, J., Sedlik, B., Murray, W., and Wilson, W., 1980, Activities, effects,

and impacts of the coal fuel cycle for a 1,000-MWe electric power generating plant: 

McLean, Va., Teknekron, Inc., 613 p.

Dahowski, R.T., and Dooley, J.J., 2004, Carbon management strategies for U.S. electricity 

generation capacity—A vintage-based approach: Energy, v. 29, no. 9-10, p. 1589–1598.

Denny, E., Tuohy, A., Meibom, P., Keane, A., Flynn, D., Mullane, A., and O'Malley, M., 2010, 

The impact of increased interconnection on electricity systems with large penetrations of 

wind generation—A case study of Ireland and Great Britain: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, 

p. 6946–6954.

Energy Analysis Program, 1998, Current work in energy analysis—Energy analysis program—

1996 annual report: Berkeley, Calif., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 51 p.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

Galus, M.D., Zima, M., and Andersson, G., 2010, On integration of plug-in hybrid electric 

vehicles into existing power system structures: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6736–

6745.

Ghosh, A., 1991, Eighth plan—Challenges and opportunities—VI—Energy—Coal, electricity, 

energy conservation and demand management: Economic and Political Weekly, v. 26, 

no. 8, p. 405–407, 409–412.

Gil-Alana, L.A., Loomis, D., and Payne, J.E., 2010, Does energy consumption by the U.S. 

electric power sector exhibit long memory behavior?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no, 11, p. 

7512–7518.

Green, R., and Vasilakos, N., 2010, Market behavior with large amounts of intermittent 

generation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3211–3220.

Greening, L.A., 2010, Demand response resources—Who is responsible for implementation in a 

deregulated market?: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1518–1525.
48

Hadrian, D.R., Bishop, I.D., and Mitcheltree, R., 1988, Automated mapping of visual impacts in 

utility corridors: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 16, no. 3, p. 261–282.

Haeseldonckx, D., and D'Haeseleer, W., 2010, Using renewables and the co-production of 

hydrogen and electricity from CCS-equipped IGCC facilities as a stepping stone towards 

the early development of a hydrogen economy: International Journal of Hydrogen 

Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 861–871.

Hall, P.J., and Bain, E.J., 2008, Energy-storage technologies and electricity generation: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4352–4355.

Hart, D.M., 2010, Making, breaking, and (partially) remaking markets—State regulation and 

photovoltaic electricity in New Jersey: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6662–6673.

Havas, M., 2002, Intensity of electric and magnetic fields from power lines within the business 

district of 60 Ontario communities: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 298, no. 1-

3, p. 183–206.

Heiman, M.K., and Solomon, B.D., 2004, Power to the people—Electric utility restructuring and 

the commitment to renewable energy: Annals of the Association of American 

Geographers, v. 94, no. 1, p. 94–116. 

Herter, K., and Wayland, S., 2010, Residential response to critical-peak pricing of electricity—

California evidence: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1561–1567.

Hickey, E.A., Carlson, J.L., and Loomis, D., 2010, Issues in the determination of the optimal 

portfolio of electricity supply options: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2198–2207.

Hiroux, C., and Saguan, M., 2010, Large-scale wind power in European electricity markets—

Time for revisiting support schemes and market designs?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3135–3145.

Hobbs, B. F., Bushnell, J., and Wolak, F.A. 2010, Upstream vs. downstream CO2 trading—A 

comparison for the electricity context: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3632–3643.

Howells, M., Jeong, K., Langlois, L., Lee, M.K., Nam, K.Y., and Rogner, H.H., 2010, 

Incorporating macroeconomic feedback into an energy systems model using an IO 

approach—Evaluating the rebound effect in the Korean electricity system: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 6, p. 2700–2728.

Howells, M.I., Jonsson, S., Kack, E., Lloyd, P., Bennett, K., Leiman, T., and Conradie, B., 2010, 

Calabashes for kilowatt-hours—Rural energy and market failure: Energy Policy, v. 38,

no. 6, p. 2729–2738.
49

Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., 1999, Avian electrocution on power poles—European experiences, 

in Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., eds., Birds and power lines—Collisions, electrocution, 

and breeding: Madrid, Spain, Quercus Publishing Co., p. 145–164.

Kotchen, M.J., and Moore, M.R., 2007, Private provision of environmental public goods—

Household participation in green-electricity programs: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 1–16.

Mabro, R., 2008, On the security of oil supplies, oil weapons, oil nationalism and all that: OPEC 

Energy Review, no. 32, no. 1, p. 1–12.

MacCormack, J., Hollis, A., Zareipour, H., and Rosehart, W., 2010, The large-scale integration 

of wind generation—Impacts on price, reliability and dispatchable conventional 

suppliers: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3837–3846.

Manners, G., 1992, Unresolved conflicts in Australian mineral and energy resource policies: The 

Geographical Journal, v. 158, p. 129–144.

Martinot, E., Dienst, C., Liu, W., and Chai, Q., 2007, Renewable energy futures—Targets, 

scenarios, and pathways: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 205–

239.

Mason, I.G., Page, S.C., and Williamson W.G., 2010, A 100% renewable electricity generation 

system for New Zealand utilizing hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass resources: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3973–3984.

Matlock, M., 2009, Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma energy options analysis—A preliminary review 

of renewable energy development and utility cost savings options: Pawnee, Okla., 

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma, Summit Blue Consulting, LLC, 122 p.

Michael, K.H., and Barry, D.S., 2004, Power to the people—Electric utility restructuring and the 

commitment to renewable energy: Annals of the Association of American Geographers,

v. 94, p. 94–116.

Möst, D., and Fichtner, W., 2010, Renewable energy sources in European energy supply and 

interactions with emission trading: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2898–2910.

Möst, D., and Perlwitz, H., 2009, Prospects of gas supply until 2020 in Europe and its relevance 

for the power sector in the context of emission trading: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1510–

1522.

Münster, M., and Lund, H., 2009, Use of waste for heat, electricity and transport—Challenges 

when performing energy system analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 636–644.
50

Psiloglou, B.E., Giannakopoulos, C., Majithia, S., and Petrakis, M., 2009, Factors affecting 

electricity demand in Athens, Greece and London, U.K.—A comparative assessment: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 11, p. 1855–1863.

Rowlands, I.H., and Jernigan, C., 2008, Wind power in Ontario—Its contribution to the 

electricity grid: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 28, p. 436-453.

Salvarli, H., 2009, For sustainable development—Some aspects on energy and environment in 

Turkey: Energy Sources Part B—Economics, Planning and Policy, v. 4, no. 4, p. 356–

364.

Shaw, R., Attree, M., and Jackson, T., 2010, Developing electricity distribution networks and 

their regulation to support sustainable energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5927–

5937.

Sivaraman, D., and Keoleian, G.A., 2010, Photovoltaic (PV) electricity—Comparative analyses 

of CO2 abatement at different fuel mix scales in the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5708–5718.

Soboyejo, W., and Taylor, R., 2008, Off-grid solar for rural development: Harnessing Materials 

for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 368–371.

Sovacool, B.K., 2009, Contextualizing avian mortality—A preliminary appraisal of bird and bat 

fatalities from wind, fossil-fuel, and nuclear electricity: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 6, p. 

2241–2248.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2009, Approved resource management plan 

amendments/record of decision (ROD) for designation of energy corridors on Bureau of 

Land Management-administered lands in the 11 western states: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Bureau of Land Management, 104 p.

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.

Wade, N.S., Taylor, P.C., Lang, P.D., and Jones, P.R., 2010, Evaluating the benefits of an 

electrical energy storage system in a future smart grid: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 

7180–7188.

Walter, A., and Ensinas, A.V., 2010, Combined production of second-generation biofuels and 

electricity from sugarcane residues: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 874–879.

Wang, S., and Koch, B., 2010, Determining profits for solar energy with remote sensing data: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2934–2938.

Weber, C., 2010, Adequate intraday market design to enable the integration of wind energy into 

the European power systems: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3155–3163.
51

Weisser, D., 2007, A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply 

technologies: Energy, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1543–1559.

Whittingham, M.S., 2008, Materials challenges facing electrical energy storage: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 411–419.

Whittington, H.W., 2002, Electricity generation—Options for reduction in carbon emissions: 

Philosophical Transactions—Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 360, 

no, 1797, p. 1653–1668. 

Planning and Management

Abram, T., and Ion, S., 2008, Generation-IV nuclear power—A review of the state of the 

science: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4323–4330.

Aitken, M., 2009, Why we still don't understand the social aspects of wind power—A critique of 

key assumptions within the literature: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1834–1841.

Azadeh, A., Khakestani, M., and Saberi, M., 2009, A flexible fuzzy regression algorithm for 

forecasting oil consumption estimation: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5567–5579.

Bajay, S.V., 1982, Economic and social impacts from a power-system expansion program: 

Science and Public Policy, v. 9, no. 4, p. 179–186.

Baral, N., and Heinen, J.T., 2007, Resources use, conservation attitudes, management 

intervention and park-people relations in the Western Terai landscape of Nepal: 

Environmental Conservation, v. 34, no. 1, p. 64–72.

Beddington, J., 2008, Managing energy in the built environment—Rethinking the system: 

Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4299–4300.

Bellaby, P., 2010, Theme 1—Concepts of trust and methods for investigating it: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 6, p. 2615–2616.

Berkes, F., 1981, Some environmental and social impacts of the James Bay hydroelectric project, 

Canada: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 157–172.

Birge, J.R., and Rosa, C.H., 1996, Incorporating investment uncertainty into greenhouse policy 

models: Energy Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 79–90.

Blesl, M., Kober, T., Bruchof, D., and Kuder, R., 2010, Effects of climate and energy policy 

related measures and targets on the future structure of the European energy system in 

2020 and beyond: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6278–6292.

Boccard, N., 2009, Capacity factor of wind power realized values vs. estimates: Energy Policy, 

v. 37, no. 7, p. 2679–2688.
52

Brennan, T.J., 2009, Optimal energy efficiency policies and regulatory demand-side 

management tests—How well do they match?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3874–3885.

Brooks, H., and Hollander, J.M., 1979, United States energy alternatives to 2010 and beyond—

The Conaes study: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 1–7.

Brown, J., Hastings, J., Mansur, E.T., and Villas-Boas, S.B., 2008, Reformulating competition—

Gasoline content regulation and wholesale gasoline prices: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 1–19.

Byrne, J., Martinez, C., and Ruggero, C., 2009, Relocating energy in the social commons—Ideas 

for a sustainable energy utility: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 20, no. 2, 

p. 81–94.

Cerqueira Leite, R.C.d., Verde Leal, M.R.L., Barbosa Cortez, L.A., Griffin, W.M., and Gaya 

Scandiffio, M.I., 2009, Can Brazil replace 5% of the 2025 gasoline world demand with 

ethanol?: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 655–661.

Cesaro, J.D., Porter, K., and Milligan, M., 2009, Wind energy and power system operations—A 

review of wind integration studies to date: Electricity Journal, v. 22, no. 10, p. 34–43.

Cox, K.E., and Williamson Jr., K.D., 1979, Implications of hydrogen energy: Cleveland, Ohio, 

CRC Press, 129 p.

Dali, M., Belhadj, J., and Roboam, X., 2010, Hybrid solar-wind system with battery storage 

operating in grid-connected and stand alone mode—Control and energy management—

Experimental investigation: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2587–2595.

Dobbs, T.L., and Kiner, P.E., 1974, Two manpower location aspects of energy resource 

development—Case of the Wyoming uranium industry: Wyoming Agricultural 

Experiment Station Journal, 13 p.

Ediger, V.S., Hosgör, E., Neşen Sürmeli, A., and Tatlıdil. H., 2007, Fossil fuel sustainability 

index—An application of resource management: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2969–

2977.

Gaudet, G., Moreaux, M., and Withagen, C., 2006, The Alberta dilemma—Optimal sharing of a 

water resource by an agricultural and an oil sector: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 548–566.

Gómez, A., Zubizarreta, J., Dopazo, C., and Fueyo, N., 2011, Spanish energy roadmap to 2020—

Socioeconomic implications of renewable targets: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1973–1985. 

Holditch, S.A., and Chianelli, R.R., 2008, Factors that will influence oil and gas supply and 

demand in the 21st century: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 317–323.
53

Hotz, M.C.B., 1981, Resources and development—Trying to close the gap responsibly: 

Mazingira, v. 5, no. 2, p. 52–61.

Huang, G.H., Cohen, S.J., Yin, Y.Y., and Bass, B., 1998, Land resources adaptation planning 

under changing climate—A study for the Mackenzie Basin: Resources Conservation and 

Recycling, v. 24, no. 2, p. 95–119.

Jamieson, D.G., and Fedra, K., 1996, The ‘WaterWare’ decision-support system for river-basin 

planning—1. Conceptual design: Journal of Hydrology, v. 177, no. 3–4, p. 163–175.

Kassover, J., and McKeown, R.L., 1981, Resource development, rural communities and rapid 

growth—Managing social change in the modern boomtown: Minerals and the 

Environment, v. 3, p. 47–54.

Larsson, T., and Wene, C.O., 1993, Developing strategies for robust energy systems: 

International Journal of Energy Research, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1–12.

Lave, L.B., 2008, The economics of energy options: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 

4, p. 291–296.

Murdock, S.H., Leistritz, F.L., and Hamm, R.R., 1983, Socioeconomic impacts of large-scale 

developments—Implications for high-level nuclear waste repositories: The 

Environmental Professional, v. 5, p. 183–194.

Myers, T., 2009, Groundwater management and coal bed methane development in the Powder 

River Basin of Montana: Journal of Hydrology, v. 368, no. 1–4, p. 178–193.

National Academies Summit on America’s Energy Future, 2008, The National Acadamies 

summit on America's energy future—Summary of a meeting: Washington, D.C., National 

Acadamies Press, 161 p.

National Research Council, 2010, Management and effects of coalbed methane produced water 

in the United States: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 219 p.

Opaluch, J.J., Swallow, S.K., Thomas,W., Christopher, W., and Dennis, W., 1993, Evaluating 

impacts from noxious facilities—Including public preferences in current siting 

mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 41–

59.

Parag, Y., and Janda, K.B., 2010, Midstream and sideways—Considering a middle-out approach 

to changing energy demand, in Sussex energy group conference, Oxford, U.K., Oxford 

University, February 2010, Proceedings: Oxford, United Kingdom, Environmental 

Change Institute, 16 p.

Richards, B., 1981, Powder River Basin—New energy frontier: National Geographic Magazine, 

February, p. 96–112.
54

Rose, A., Nakayama, B., and Stevens, B., 1982, Modern energy region development and income 

distribution—An input-output analysis: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 149–164.

Runge, C.F., 1984, Energy exploration on wilderness—"Privatization" and public lands 

management: Land Economics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 56–68.

Schutzer, G.J., 2010, Recent tax law changes create new opportunities for leasing wind energy 

property: Electricity Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 47–56.

Shaw, S., and Mazzucchelli, P., 2010, Evaluating the perspectives for hydrogen energy uptake in 

communities—Success criteria and their application: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5359–5371.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Singh, B., and Singh, S.N., 2009, Wind power interconnection into the power system—A review 

of grid code requirements: Electricity Journal, v. 22, no. 5, p. 54–63.

Smil, V., 2000, Energy in the twentieth century—Resources, conversions, costs, uses, and 

consequences: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 25, p. 21–51.

Sorensen, J., Soderstrom, J., and Copenhaver, E., 1987, Impacts of hazardous technology—The 

psycho-social effects of restarting TMI-1: New York, N.Y., New York State University 

Press, 233 p.

Sweigard, R.J., and Ramani, R.V., 1986, Site planning process—Application to land use 

potential evaluation for mined land: Mining Engineering, v. 38, no. 6, p. 427–432.

Tilford, N.R., 1994, Site selection—Past and present—Social planning criteria for nuclear power 

plant siting: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 31, no. 2, p. 157–

169.

U.S. National Grid, 2008, The west’s renewable energy future—A contribution by National 

Grid: Washington, D.C., The U.S. National Grid, 47 p.

Van Vuuren, D.P., Bouwman, A.F., and Beusen, A.H.W., 2010, Phosphorus demand for the 

1970–2100 period—A scenario analysis of resource depletion: Global Environmental 

Change, v. 20, no. 3, p. 428–439.

Voinov, A., and Cardwell, H., 2009, The energy-water nexus—Why should we care?: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 143, no. 1, p. 17–29.
55

Wang, Y.D., 2009, Integrated policy and planning for water and energy: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 142, no. 1 p. 46–51.

Washington Center for Metropolitan Studies, 1976, Conference on capturing the sun through 

bioconversion, Washington, D.C., March 10–12, 1976, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., 

Washington Center for Metropolitan Studies, 99 p.

Whelan, G., Pelton, M.A., and Dorow, K.E., 2004, Decision-support tools for the assessment 

process: Southhampton, United Kingdom, WIT Press, 10 p.

Wolfe, A.K., 1993, Risk communication in social context—Improving effective communication: 

Environmental Professional, v. 15, no. 3, p. 248–255.

Zerriffi, H., and Wilson, E., 2010, Leapfrogging overdevelopment? Promoting rural renewables 

for climate change mitigation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 2689–1700.

Transmission

Binckley, C.A., Wipfli, M.S., Medhurst, R.B., Polivka, K., Hessburg, P., Salter, R.B., and Kill, 

J.Y., 2010, Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from 

headwater streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1205–1218.

Borges Neto, M.R., Carvalho, P.C.M., Carioca, J.O.B., and Canafistula, F.J.F., 2010, 

Biogas/photovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4497–4506.

Bouffard, F., and Kirschen, D.S., 2008, Centralised and distributed electricity systems: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4504–4508.

Chen, W., Li, H., and Wu, Z., 2010, Western China energy development and west to east energy 

transfer—Application of the Western China sustainable energy development model: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7106–7120.

Fischlein, M., Larson, J., Hall, D.M., Chaudhry, R., Rai Peterson, T., Stephens, J.C., and Wilson, 

E.J., 2010, Policy stakeholders and deployment of wind power in the sub-national 

context—A comparison of four U.S. states: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4429–4439.

Pruett, C. L., Patten, M.A., and Wolfe, D.H., 2009, Avoidance behavior by prairie grouse—

Implications for development of wind energy: Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 

1253–1259.

Shaw, R., Attree, M., and Jackson, T., 2010, Developing electricity distribution networks and 

their regulation to support sustainable energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5927–

5937.

Smith, R.A., 2008, Enabling technologies for demand management—Transport: Energy Policy, 

v. 36, no. 12, p. 4444–4448.
56

Electricity

Algers, B., and Hultgren, J., 1987, Effects of long-term exposure to a 400-kV, 50-Hz 

transmission line on estrous and fertility in cows: Preventive Veterinary Medicine, v. 5, 

no. 1, p. 21–36.

Amin, M., and Stringer, J., 2008, The electric power grid—Today and tomorrow: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 399–407.

Annestrand, S.A., 2003, Power transmission, high-voltage: Bonneville Power Administration, 21 

p. 

Auner, N., and Holl, S., 2006, Silicon as energy carrier—Facts and perspectives: Energy, v. 31, 

no. 10–11, p. 1395–1402.

Bresesti, P., Calisti, R., Cazzol, M.V., Gatti, A., Provenzano, D., Vaiani, A., and Vailati, R., 

2009, The benefits of transmission expansions in the competitive electricity markets: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 274–280.

Bridges, J.E., and Preache, M., 1981, Biological influences of power frequency electric fields—

A tutorial review from a physical and experimental viewpoints, in Bridges, J.E., and 

Preache, M., eds., Proceedings of the IEEE, v. 69, no. 9, p. 1092–1120.

DeCicco, J.M., Bernow, S.S., and Beyea, J., 1992, Environmental concerns regarding electric 

power transmission in North America: Energy Policy, v. 20, no. 1, p. 30–39.

Furby, L., Slovic, P., Fischoff, B., and Gregory, R., 1988, Public perceptions of electric power 

transmission lines: Journal of Environmental Psychology, v. 8, no. 1, p. 19–43.

Hadrian, D.R., Bishop, I.D., and Mitcheltree, R., 1988, Automated mapping of visual impacts in 

utility corridors: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 16, no. 3, p. 261–282.

Hamza, A.S.H A., Mohmoud, S.A., and Ghania, S.M., 2002, Environmental pollution by 

magnetic field associated with power transmission lines: Energy Conversion and 

Management, v. 43. no. 17, p. 2443–2452.

Havas, M., 2002, Intensity of electric and magnetic fields from power lines within the business 

district of 60 Ontario communities: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 298, no. 1-

3, p. 183–206.

Kavet, R.I., and Banks, R.S., 1986, Emerging issues in extremely-low-frequency electric and 

magnetic field health research: Environmental Research, v. 39, no. 2, p. 386–404.

Kumar, B.S.A., Klos, W.A., and Taylor, E.R., 1994, Influence of low-frequency electromagnetic 

fields on living organisms: Electric Power Systems Research, v. 30, no. 3, p. 229–234.
57

McDonald, J., 2008, Adaptive intelligent power systems—Active distribution networks: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4346–4351.

Seto, Y.J., Majeau-Chargois, D.M., Lymangrover, J.R., Dunlap, W.P., Fox, F.T., and Hsieh, 

S.T., 1986, Chronic 60-Hz electric field exposure-induced subtle bioeffects on 

hematology: Environmental Research, v. 39, no. 1, p. 143–152.

Söderman, T., 2006, Treatment of biodiversity issues in impact assessment of electricity power 

transmission lines—A Finnish case review: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 

v. 26, no. 4, p. 319–338.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2006, Siting renewable energy facilities—A spatial analysis of promises and 

pitfalls: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 20 p.

Gas

Kaufmann, R.K., Dees, S., and Mann, M., 2009, Horizontal and vertical transmissions in the 

U.S. oil supply chain: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 2, p. 644–650.

Monforti, F., and Szikszai, A., 2010, A Monte Carlo approach for assessing the adequacy of the 

European gas transmission system under supply crisis conditions: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2486–2498.

Nuclear

Fitzpatrick, F.C., Gray, D.D., Hyndman, J.R., Sisman, O., Suffern, J.S., Tyrrell, P.A., and West, 

D.C., 1976, Comparison between dispersed nuclear power plants and a nuclear energy 

center at a hypothetical site on Kentucky Lake, Tennessee: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 121 p.

Suppes, G.J., and Storvick, T., 2007, Sustainable nuclear power: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 

Elsevier Academic Press, 416 p.

Oil

Palazuelos, E., 2010, The role of transnational companies as oil suppliers to the United States: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4064–4075.

Solar

Ayompe, L.M., Duffy, A., McCormack, S.J., and Conlon, M., 2010, Projected costs of a gridconnected domestic PV system under different scenarios in Ireland, using measured data 

from a trial installation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3731–3743.
58

Dali, M., Belhadj, J., and Roboam, X., 2010, Hybrid solar-wind system with battery storage 

operating in grid-connected and standalone mode—Control and energy management—

Experimental investigation: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2587–2595.

Wind

Corbus, D., Milligan, M., Ela, E., Schuerger, M., and Zavadil, B., 2009, Eastern wind integration 

and transmission study—Preliminary findings—Preprint: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 9 p.

EnerNex Corporation, K.T., Ventyx, A.G., and Nebraska Power Assoc. Nebraska, L.N., 2010, 

Statewide wind integration study—April 2008 –January 2010: Knoxville, Tenn., 

EnerNex Corporation, Atlanta, Ga., Ventyx, and Lincoln, Nebr., Nebraska Power 

Association, 439 p.

Erickson, W.P., Johnson, G.D., and Young Jr., D.P., 2005, A summary and comparison of bird 

mortality from anthropogenic causes with an emphasis on collisions: Washington, D.C., 

USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, v. 2, 14 p.

Manion, J., 2007, Wind power resource assessment: Warm Springs, Oreg., Warm Springs 

Reservation Tribal Lands, 170 p.

Pattanariyankool, S., and Lave, L.B., 2010, Optimizing transmission from distant wind farms: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2806–2815.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2008, 20% wind energy by 2030: Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 248 p.

Transportation

Ajanovic, A., and Haas, R., 2010, Economic challenges for the future relevance of biofuels in 

transport in E.U. countries: Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 3340–3348.

Anderson, O.L., and Rogozen, M.B., 1977, Role of transportation of energy in the development 

of the southwest: Los Angeles, Calif., Lake Powell Research Project, 47 p.

Arif, H., Barbosa, H., Bardet, C., Baroud, M., Behar, A., Berrier, K., Berthe, P., Bertrand, R., 

Bibyk, I., Bisson, J., Bloch, L., Bobadilla, G., Bourque, D., Bush, L., Carandang, R., 

Chiku, T., Crosby, N., De Seixas, M., De Vries, J., Doll, S., Dufour, F., Eckart, P., Fahey, 

M., Fenot, F., Foeckersperger, S., Fontaine, J.E., Fowler, R., Frey, H., Fujio, H., Gasa, 

J.M., Gleave, J., Godoe, J., Green, I., Haeberli, R., Hanada, T., Harris, P., Hucteau, M., 

Jacobs, D.F., Johnson, R., Kanno, Y., Koenig, E.M., Kojima, K., Kondepudi, P., 

Kottbauer, C., Kuiper, D., Kulagin, K., Kumara, P., Kurz, R., Laaksonen, J., Lang, A.N., 

Lathan, C., Le Fur, T., Lewis, D., Louis, A., Mori, T., Morlanes, J., Murbach, M., 

Nagatomo, H., O`Brien, I., Paines, J., Palaszewski, B., Palmnaes, U., Paraschivoiu, M., 

Pathare, A., Perov, E., Persson, J., Pessoa-Lopes, I., Pinto, M., Porro, I., Reichert, M., 

Ritt-Fischer, M., Roberts, M., Robertson, L. II, Rogers, K., Sasaki, T., Scire, F., Shibatou, 
59

K., Shirai, T., Shiraishi, A., Soucaille, J.F., Spivack, N., St. Pierre, D., Suleman, A., 

Sullivan, T., Theelen, B.J., Thonstad, H., Tsuji, M., Uchiumi, M., Vidqvist, J., Warrell, 

D., Watanabe, T., Wills, R., Wolf, F., Yamakawa, H., and Zhao, H.,1992, Space solar 

power program—Final report: Kitakyushu, Japan, International Space University, Inc., 

527 p.

Baker, J., 2008, New technology and possible advances in energy storage: Energy Policy, v. 36, 

no. 12, p. 4368–4373.

Blonz, J.A., Vajjhala, S.P., and Safirova, E., 2008, Growing complexities—A cross-sector 

review of U.S. biofuels policies and their interactions: Washington, D.C., Resources for 

the Future, 50 p.

Burgess, J., and Nye, M., 2008, Re-materialising energy use through transparent monitoring 

systems: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4454–4459.

Carpenter, J. Jr., Gibbs, J., Pesaran, A., Marlino, L., and Kelly, K., 2008, Road transportation 

vehicles: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 439–444.

Chernyavs'ka, L., and Gullì, F., 2010, Measuring the environmental benefits of hydrogen 

transportation fuel cycles under uncertainty about external costs: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 10, p. 5335–5345.

Davis, S. C., and Diegel, S.W., 2009, Transportation energy data book: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak 

Ridge National Laboratory, 379 p.

Deason, K.S., and Jefferson, T., 2010, A systems approach to improving fleet policy compliance 

within the U.S. federal government: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2865–2874.

Duniway, M.C., Herrick, J.E., Pyke, D.A., and Toledo, P.D., 2010, Assessing transportation 

infrastructure impacts on rangelands—Test of a standard rangeland assessment protocol: 

Rangeland Ecology & Management, v. 63, no. 5, p. 524–536.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

Fahrig, L., and Rytwinski, T., 2009, Effects of roads on animal abundance—An empirical review 

and synthesis: Ecology and Society, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1–21.

Federici, M., Ulgiati, S., and Basosi, R., 2009, Air versus terrestrial transport modalities—An 

energy and environmental comparison: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1493–1503.

Gerboni, R., and Salvador, E., 2009, Hydrogen transportation systems—Elements of risk 

analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2223–2229.
60

Gül, T., 2009, An energy-economic scenario analysis of alternative fuels for personal transport 

using the Global Multi-regional MARKAL model (GMM): Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 

1423–1437.

Gustavsson, L., Eriksson, L., and Sathre, R., 2011, Costs and CO2 benefits of recovering, 

refining and transporting logging residues for fossil fuel replacement: Applied Energy, v. 

88, no. 1, p. 192–197.

Harto, C., Meyers, R., and Williams, E., 2010, Life cycle water use of low-carbon transport 

fuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4933–4944.

Haskell, S.P., Nielson, R.M., Ballard, W.B., Cronin, M.A., and McDonald, T.L., 2006, Dynamic 

responses of calving caribou to oilfields in northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 59, no. 2, p. 179–

190.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, Land use effects of paving rural roads in western Montana: 

Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters Economics, 38 p.

Hess, J.R., Foust, T.D., Hoskinson, R., and Thompson, D., 2003, Roadmap for agriculture 

biomass feedstock supply in the United States: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of 

Energy, 105 p.

Higgins, P.A.T., 2005, Exercise-based transportation reduces oil dependence, carbon emissions 

and obesity: Environmental Conservation, v. 32, no. 3, p. 197–202.

Hill, J., 2007, Environmental costs and benefits of transportation biofuel production from foodand lignocellulose-based energy crops—A review: Agronomy for Sustainable 

Development, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Kaiser, M.J., 2010, An integrated systems framework for service vessel forecasting in the Gulf of 

Mexico: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2777–2795.

Kim, N.-J., Hwan Lee, J., Cho, Y.S., and Chun, W., 2010, Formation enhancement of methane 

hydrate for natural gas transport and storage: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2717–2722.

Lior, N., 2010, Sustainable energy development—The present 2009 situation and possible paths 

to the future: Energy, v. 35, no. 10, p. 3976–3994.

Lior, N., Sarmiento-Darkin, W., and Al-Sharqawi, H.S., 2006, The exergy fields in transport 

processes—Their calculation and use: Energy, v. 31, no. 5, p. 553–578.

López, I., Rodríguez, J., Burón, J.M., and García, A., 2009, A methodology for evaluating 

environmental impacts of railway freight transportation policies: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5393–5398.
61

Mandell, S., 2009, Policies towards a more efficient car fleet: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 

5184–5191

Martinsen, D., Funk, C., and Linssen, J., 2010, Biomass for transportation fuels—A costeffective option for the German energy supply?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 1, p. 128–140.

McCollum, D., and Yang, C., 2009, Achieving deep reductions in U.S. transport greenhouse gas 

emissions—Scenario analysis and policy implications: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 

5580–5596.

Münster, M., and Lund, H., 2009, Use of waste for heat, electricity and transport—Challenges 

when performing energy system analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 636–644.

National Research Council, 2009, Driving and the built environment—The effects of compact 

development on motorized travel—Energy, use, and CO2 emissions: Washington, D.C., 

Transportation Research Board, 257 p.

Pootakham, T., and Kumar, A., 2010, A comparison of pipeline versus truck transport of bio-oil: 

Bioresource Technology, v. 101, no. 1, p. 414–421.

Pruett, C. L., Patten, M.A., and Wolfe, D.H., 2009, Avoidance behavior by prairie grouse—

Implications for development of wind energy: Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 

1253–1259.

Safaei Mohamadabadi, H., Tichkowsky, G., and Kumar, A., 2009, Development of a multicriteria assessment model for ranking of renewable and non-renewable transportation fuel 

vehicles: Energy, v. 34, no. 1, p. 112–125.

Sjardin, M., Damen, K.J., and Faaij, A.P.C., 2006, Techno-economic prospects of small-scale 

membrane reactors in a future hydrogen-fuelled transportation sector: Energy, v. 31, no. 

14, p. 2523–2555.

Smith, J.W., and Weber, S.L., 2005, Multi-agency permitting teams—Teamwork as a critical 

tool to joint delivery of transportation and environmental protection needs: Energy and 

Environmental Concerns, v. 1941, p. 129–135.

Smith, R.A., 2008, Enabling technologies for demand management—Transport: Energy Policy, 

v. 36, no. 12, p. 4444–4448.

Timmons, D., and Mejía, C.V., 2010, Biomass energy from wood chips—Diesel fuel 

dependence?: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1419–1425.

Thorne, J.H., Huber, P.R., Girvetz, E., Quinn, J., and McCoy, M., 2009, Integration of regional 

mitigation assessment and conservation planning: Ecology and Society, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1–

27.
62

U.S. Department of Energy, 2002, Review of transportation issues and comparison of 

infrastructure costs for a renewable fuels standard: Washington, D.C., Office of 

Integrated Analysis and Forecasting of the Energy Information Administration, 15 p.

Wise, M., Kyle, G.P., Dooley, J.J., and Kim, S.H., 2010, The impact of electric passenger 

transport technology under an economy-wide climate policy in the United States—

Carbon dioxide emissions, coal use, and carbon dioxide capture and storage: International 

Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 4, no. 2, p. 301–308.

Wyman, C.E., 2008, Cellulosic ethanol—A unique sustainable liquid transportation fuel: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 381–383.

Energy Sources

This category categorizes the gathered resources according to the various energy sources. 

While many sources may cover one energy type, such as wind power, there are other articles and 

reports that span a wider range, such as comparing fossil fuels to biofuels. For that reason, there 

is occasional but necessary repetition between the subheadings.

Exergy

While not a source of energy in and of itself, exergy is the measurement of energy that is 

available to be used after processing. It is therefore an important factor in studying sources of 

energy and how they can be used. This topic covers a variety of different energy types.

Al-Ghandoor, A., Phelan, P.E., Villalobos, R., and Jaber, J.O., 2010, Energy and exergy 

utilizations of the U.S. manufacturing sector: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 3048–3065.

Badami, M., and Mura, M., 2010, Exergetic analysis of an innovative small scale combined 

cycle cogeneration system: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2535–2543.

Caliskan, H., and Hepbasli, A., 2010, Energy and exergy prices of various energy sources along 

with their CO2 equivalents: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3468–3481.

Cullen, J.M., and Allwood, J.M., 2010, Theoretical efficiency limits for energy conversion 

devices: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2059–2069.

Gassner, M., and Maréchal F., 2009, Thermodynamic comparison of the FICFB and Viking 

gasification concepts: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1744–1753.

Han, W., Jin, H., and Xu, W., 2007, A novel combined cycle with synthetic utilization of coal 

and natural gas: Energy, v. 32, no. 8, p. 1334–1342.

Karamarkovic, R., and Karamarkovic, V., 2010, Energy and exergy analysis of biomass 

gasification at different temperatures: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 537–549.
63

Kim, D.J., 2010, A new thermoeconomic methodology for energy systems: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, 

p. 410–422.

Lior, N., Sarmiento-Darkin, W., and Al-Sharqawi, H.S., 2006, The exergy fields in transport 

processes—Their calculation and use: Energy, v. 31, no. 5, p. 553–578.

Martínez, A., and Uche, J., 2010, Chemical exergy assessment of organic matter in a water flow: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 77–84.

Martínez, A., Uche, J., and Valero-Delgado, A., 2010, Environmental costs of a river watershed 

within the European water framework directive—Results from physical hydronomics: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1008–1016.

Prins, M.J., Ptasinski, K.J., and Janssen, F.J.J.G., 2007, From coal to biomass gasification—

Comparison of thermodynamic efficiency: Energy, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1248–1259.

Saidur, R., Ahamed, J.U., and Masjuki, H.H., 2010, Energy, exergy and economic analysis of 

industrial boilers: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2188–2197.

Sayyaadi, H., and Sabzaligol, T., 2010, Comprehensive exergetic and economic comparison of 

PWR and hybrid fossil fuel-PWR power plants: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2953–2964.

Tatro, M.L., Covan, J.M., Jones, S.A., Kuswa, G.W., Menicucci, D.F., and Robinett, R.D., 2005, 

Toward an energy surety future: Albuquerque, N.M., Sandia National Laboratories, 42 p.

Valero, A., Uche, J., Valero, A., and Martinez, A., 2009, Physical hydronomics—Application of 

the exergy analysis to the assessment of environmental costs of water bodies—The case 

of the inland basins of Catalonia: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2101–2107.

Valero, A., and Valero, A., 2011, A prediction of the exergy loss of the world's mineral reserves 

in the 21st century: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1848–1854. 

Valero, A., Valero, A., and Martinez, A., 2010, Inventory of the exergy resources on earth 

including its mineral capital: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 989–995.

Warr, B.S., and Ayres, R.U., 2010, Evidence of causality between the quantity and quality of 

energy consumption and economic growth: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1688–1693.

Fossil Fuel

Fossil fuel can be studied as a whole, or broken down into various types and groupings. 

Subheadings include coal, natural gas, oil shale, petroleum, and tar sands. Natural gas is further 

broken down to include coal-based dimethyl ether, coalbed methane, and methane. Petroleum 

also has subsections that break out diesel, gasoline, and oil.
64

America’s Energy Future (Project), National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of 

Engineering, and National Research Council, 2010, Real prospects for energy efficiency 

in the United States: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 329 p.

Bang, G., 2009, Energy security and climate change concerns—Triggers for energy policy 

change in the United States?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1645–1653.

Bellaby, P., Eames, M., and Flynn, R., 2010, The role of ‘trust’ in the transition to sustainable 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no.6, p. 2613–2614.

Burgherr, P., and Hirschberg, S., 2008, Severe accident risks in fossil energy chains—A 

comparative analysis: Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 538–553.

Czúcz, B., Gathman, J.P., and McPherson, G.R., 2010, The impending peak and decline of 

petroleum production—An underestimated challenge for conservation of ecological 

integrity: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 948–956.

Day, D., Evans, R.J., Lee, J.W., and Reicosky, D., 2005, Economical CO2, SOx, and NOx capture 

from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and largescale carbon sequestration: Energy, v. 30, no. 14, p. 2558–2579.

Domenichini, R., Gallio, M., and Lazzaretto, A., 2010, Combined production of hydrogen and 

power from heavy oil gasification—Pinch analysis, thermodynamic and economic 

evaluations: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2184–2193.

Dyer, J.A., Kulshreshtha, S.N., McConkey, B.G., and Desjardins, R.L., 2010, An assessment of 

fossil fuel energy use and CO2 emissions from farm field operations using a regional 

level crop and land use database for Canada: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2261–2269.

Eckstein, L., Northrop, G., and D’Ambra, C.A., 1980, Final report on the development of 

environmental guidelines for the selection of sites for fossil energy conversion 

facilities—Criteria for the development and use of the methodology for 

environmentally—Acceptable fossil energy site evaluation and selection: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 289 p.

Ediger, V.S., Hosgör, E., Neşen Sürmeli, A., and Tatlıdil. H., 2007, Fossil fuel sustainability 

index—An application of resource management: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2969–

2977.

Elcock, D., 2007, Life-cycle thinking for the oil and gas exploration and production industry: 

Argonne, Ill., Argonne National Laboratory, 160 p.

Fissore, C., Espeleta, J., Nater, E., Hobbie, S., and Reich, P., 2009, Limited potential for 

terrestrial carbon sequestration to offset fossil-fuel emissions in the upper Midwestern 

U.S.: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 8, no. 8, p. 409–413.
65

Gustavsson, L., Eriksson, L., and Sathre, R., 2011, Costs and CO2 benefits of recovering, 

refining and transporting logging residues for fossil fuel replacement: Applied Energy, v. 

88, no. 1, p. 192–197.

Hall, P.J., 2008, Energy storage—The route to liberation from the fossil fuel economy?: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4363–4367.

Hargreaves–Heap, S.P., 2008, Social capital and snake oil: Review of Austrian Economics, v. 

212, no. 3, p. 199–207.

Haskell, S.P., Nielson, R.M., Ballard, W.B., Cronin, M.A., and McDonald, T.L., 2006, Dynamic 

responses of calving caribou to oilfields in northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 59, no. 2, p. 179–

190.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, Fossil fuel extraction as a county economic development 

strategy—Are energy-focusing counties benefiting?: Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters 

Economics, 32 p.

Headwaters Economics, 2009, Impacts of energy development in Wyoming with a case study of 

Sweetwater County, Bozeman, MT: Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters Economics, 62 p.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, U.S. energy needs and the role of western public lands: Bozeman, 

Mont., Headwaters Economics, 34 p.

Hoffert, M.I., Caldeira, K., Benford, G., Criswell, D.R., Green, C., Herzog, H., Jain, A.K., 

Kheshgi, H.S., Lackner, K.S., Lewis, J.S., Lightfoot, H.D., Manheimer, W., Mankins, 

J.C., Mauel, M.E., Perkins, L.J, Schlesinger, M.E., Volk, T., and Wigley, T.M.L., 2002, 

Advanced technology paths to global climate stability—Energy for a greenhouse planet: 

Science, v. 298, no. 5595, p. 981–987.

Just, J., and Lave, L., 1979, Review of scenarios of future U.S. energy use: Annual Review of 

Energy, v. 4, p. 501–536. 

Kharecha, P.A., Kutscher, C.F., Hansen, J.E., and Mazria, E., 2010, Options for near-term 

phaseout of CO2 emissions from coal use in the United States: Environmental Science & 

Technology, v. 44, no. 11, p. 4050–4062.

Korre, A., Nie, Z.G., and Durucan, S., 2010, Life cycle modelling of fossil fuel power generation 

with post-combustion CO2 capture: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 

4, no. 2, p. 289–300.

Krieder, M.L., Unice, K.M., Panko, J., Burns, A., Paustenback, D.J., Booher, L.E., Gelatt, R.H., 

and Gaffney, S., 2010, Benzene exposure in refinery workers—ExxonMobil Joliet, 

Illinois, USA (1977–2006): Toxicology and Industrial Health, v. 26, no. 10, p. 671–690.
66

Lefevre, N., 2010, Measuring the energy security implications of fossil fuel resource 

concentration: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1635–1644.

Managi, S., Opaluch, J.J., Jin, D., and Grigalunas, T.A., 2004, Technological change and 

depletion in offshore oil and gas: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 

v. 47, no. 2, p. 388–409.

National Science Board, 2009, Building a sustainable energy future—U.S. actions for an 

effective energy economy transformation: Washington, D.C., National Science 

Foundation and National Science Board, 64 p.

Oliver, T., 2008, Clean fossil-fuelled power generation: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4310–

4316.

Raupach, M.R., Rayner, P.J., and Paget, M., 2010, Regional variations in spatial structure of 

nightlights, population density and fossil-fuel CO2 emissions: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, 

p. 4756–4764.

Sawyer, H., Nielson, R., and Strickland, D., 2009, Sublette mule deer study (Phase II), final 

report 2007: Cheyenne, Wyo., Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., 118 p.

Sovacool, B.K., 2009, Contextualizing avian mortality—A preliminary appraisal of bird and bat 

fatalities from wind, fossil-fuel, and nuclear electricity: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 6, p. 

2241–2248.

Weisser, D., 2007, A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply 

technologies: Energy, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1543–1559.

Yun, W.C., and Kim, H.J., 2010, Hedging strategy for crude oil trading and the factors 

influencing hedging effectiveness: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2404–2408.

Zhang, Z., Qiu, C., and Wetzstein, M., 2010, Blend-wall economics—Relaxing U.S. ethanol 

regulations can lead to increased use of fossil fuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3426–

3430.

Coal

Anderson, J.W., 2005, Coal—Dirty cheap energy: Resources, v. 156, p. 31–34. 

Anderson, O.L., and Rogozen, M.B., 1977, Role of transportation of energy in the development 

of the southwest: Los Angeles, Calif., Lake Powell Research Project, 47 p.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.
67

Aravindhakshan, S.C., Epplin, F.M., and Taliaferro, C.M., 2010, Economics of switchgrass and 

miscanthus relative to coal as feedstock for generating electricity: Biomass and 

BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1375–1383.

Balat, H., 2007, The role of coal in sustainable energy development: Energy Exploration & 

Exploitation, v. 25, no. 3, p. 151–174.

Brathwaite, J., Horst, S., and Iacobucci, J., 2010, Maximizing efficiency in the transition to a 

coal-based economy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6084–6091.

Brooks, H., 1981, Perspectives on the energy problem: Proceedings of the American 

Philosophical Society, v. 125, 7 p.

Campbell, J.H., Wang, F.T., Mead, S.W., and Busby, J.F., 1979, Groundwater quality near an 

underground coal gasification experiment: Journal of Hydrology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 241–

266.

Chen, W., and Xu, R., 2010, Clean coal technology development in China: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2123–2130.

Christman, R.C., Haslbeck, J., Sedlik, B., Murray, W., and Wilson, W., 1980, Activities, effects 

and impacts of the coal fuel cycle for a 1,000-MWe electric power generating plant: 

McLean, Va., Teknekron, Inc., 613 p.

Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform Energy Policy, 

2007, Coal—Research and development to support national energy policy: Washington, 

D.C., Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform 

Energy Policy, National Academies Press, 183 p.

The Committee on Health and Environmental Effects of Increased Coal Utilization, 1980, Report 

on health and environmental effects of increased coal utilization: Environmental Health 

Perspectives, v. 36, p. 135–153. 

Committee to Study Health and Environmental Effects of Increased Coal Production, 1979, 

Basis for a national reclamation plan: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 33, p. 159–

176.

Cummings, R.G., Grigalunas, T.A., and McFarland, J.W., 1975, Energy commodities and natural 

resource exploitation: Southern Economic Journal, v. 41, no. 3, p. 382–394.

Curry, M., and Greene, M., 1976, Program plan for performing social impact assessment—A 

case study of coal development in the Powder River region: Richland, Wash., Battelle 

Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 68 p.
68

Damen, K., Faaij, A., Bergen, F.V., Gale, J., and Lysen, E., 2005, Identification of early 

opportunities for CO2 sequestration —Worldwide screening for CO2-EOR and CO2-

ECBM projects: Energy, v. 30, no. 10, p. 1931–1952.

Davis, C.E., and Duffy, R.J., 2009, King coal vs. reclamation—Federal regulation of 

mountaintop removal mining in Appalachia: Administration & Society, v. 41, no. 6, p. 

674–692. 

Duggan, J.L., and Cloutier, R.J., 1977, Energy sources for the future, in Symposium on energy 

sources for the future, Oak Ridge, Tenn., April 1977, Proceedings: Oak Ridge, Tenn., 

Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 308 p. 

Energy Resources Co., E.R., 1982, Onshore permitting systems analysis for coal, oil, gas, 

geothermal and oil shale leases: Cambridge, Mass., Energy Resources Co., Inc., 636 p.

Fan, Y., Yang, R.G., and Wei, Y.M., 2007, A system dynamics based model for coal investment: 

Energy, v. 32, no. 1, p. 1–8.

Fang, H., Wu, J., and Zeng, C., 2009, Comparative study on efficiency performance of listed 

coal mining companies in China and the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5140–

5148.

Feron, P.H.M., 2010, Exploring the potential for improvement of the energy performance of coal 

fired power plants with post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide: International Journal 

of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 4, no. 2, p. 152–160.

Fishman, N.S., ed., 2005, Energy resource studies, northern Front Range, Colorado: U.S 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1698, 170 p.

Flechsenhar, M., and Sasse, C., 1995, Solar gasification of biomass using oil shale and coal as 

candidate materials: Energy, v. 20, no. 8, p. 803–810.

Fox, J.F., and Campbell, J.E., 2010, Terrestrial carbon disturbance from mountaintop mining 

increases lifecycle emissions for clean coal: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, 

no. 6, p. 2144–2149.

Franco, A., and Diaz, A.R., 2009, The future challenges for clean coal technologies—Joining 

efficiency increase and pollutant emission control: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 348–354.

Froese, R.E., Shonnard, D.R., Miller, C.A., Koers, K.P., and Johnson, D.M., 2010, An evaluation 

of greenhouse gas mitigation options for coal-fired power plants in the U.S. Great Lakes

states: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 251–262.

Garg, A., and Shukla, P.R., 2009, Coal and energy security for India—Role of carbon dioxide 

(CO2), capture and storage (CCS): Energy, v. 34, no. 8, p. 1032–1041.
69

Ghose, M.K., 2009, Technological challenges for boosting coal production with environmental 

sustainability: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 154, p. 373–381.

Ghosh, A., 1991, Eighth plan—Challenges and opportunities—VI—Energy—Coal, electricity, 

energy conservation and demand management: Economic and Political Weekly, v. 26, 

no. 8, p. 405–407, 409–412.

Gilmore, J.S., and Duff, M.K., 1975, Boom town growth management—A case study of Rock 

Springs—Green River, Wyoming: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 177 p.

Gold, R.L., 1985, Ranching, mining, and the human impact of natural resource development: 

New Brunswick, N.J., Transaction Books, Inc., 175 p.

Hall, S.L., 2009, Talk of clean coal ignores dirty truth: Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment, v. 7, p. 70.

Halmann, M., and Steinfeld, A., 2006, Fuel saving, carbon dioxide emission avoidance, and 

syngas production by tri-reforming of flue gases from coal- and gas-fired power stations, 

and by the carbothermic reduction of iron oxide: Energy, v. 31, no. 15, p. 3171–3185.

Han, W., Jin, H., and Xu, W., 2007, A novel combined cycle with synthetic utilization of coal 

and natural gas: Energy, v. 32, no. 8, p. 1334–1342.

Hickcox, D.H., 1982, Groundwater use in an energy development area—The Tongue River 

Basin, southeastern Montana: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 18, no. 4, p. 585-591.

Holditch, S.A., and Chianelli, R.R., 2008, Factors that will influence oil and gas supply and 

demand in the 21st century: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 317–323.

Humenick, M.J., 1984, Water pollution control for underground coal gasification: Journal of 

Energy Engineering, v. 110, no. 2, p. 100–112.

Jacobsen, J.J., 1975, Dynamic analysis of the environmental and social impacts of coal 

development in the Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming, 1960 to 2010: Richland, 

Wash., Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 23 p.

Khadse, A., Qayyumi, M., Mahajani, S., and Aghalayam, P., 2007, Underground coal 

gasification—A new clean coal utilization technique for India: Energy, v. 32, no. 11, p. 

2061–2071.

Kharecha, P.A., Kutscher, C.F., Hansen, J.E., and Mazria, E., 2010, Options for near-term 

phaseout of CO2 emissions from coal use in the United States: Environmental Science & 

Technology, v. 44, no. 11, p. 4050–4062.
70

Limerick, P., and Geller, H., 2007, What every westerner should know about energy efficiency 

and conservation—A guide to a new relationship: Boulder, Colo., Center of the American 

West, 73 p.

Liszka, M., and Ziebik, A., 2010, Coal-fired oxy-fuel power unit—Process and system analysis: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 943–951.

Lockie, S., Franettovich, M., Petkova–Timmer, V., Rolfe, J., and Ivanova, G., 2009, Coal mining 

and the resource community cycle—A longitudinal assessment of the social impacts of 

the Coppabella coal mine: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 29, no. 5, p. 

330–339.

Mani, S., Sokhansanj, S., Tagore, S., and Turhollow, A.F., 2009, Techno-economic analysis of 

using corn stover to supply heat and power to a corn ethanol plant—Part 2—Cost of heat 

and power generation systems: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 356–364.

Misiolek, W.S., and Noser, T.C., 1982, Coal surface mine land reclamation costs: Land 

Economics, v. 58, no. 1, p. 67–85.

Morin, R.H., 2005, Hydrologic properties of coal beds in the Powder River Basin, Montana—I—

Geophysical log analysis: Journal of Hydrology, v. 308, no. 1–4, p. 227–241.

Munir, S., Nimmo, W., and Gibbs, B.M., 2010, Co-combustion of agricultural residues with 

coal—Turning waste into energy: Energy & Fuels, v. 24, p. 2146–2153.

National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research 

Council, 2009, Liquid transportation fuels from coal and biomass—Technological status, 

costs, and environmental impacts: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 388 p.

Pizer, W.A., 2005, Setting energy policy in the modern era: Resources, v. 156, p. 8–10.

Powell, C.A., and Morreale, B.D., 2008, Materials challenges in advanced coal conversion 

technologies: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 309–315.

Prins, M.J., Ptasinski, K.J., and Janssen, F.J.J.G., 2007, From coal to biomass gasification—

Comparison of thermodynamic efficiency: Energy, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1248–1259.

Ralston, S., 1977, The ecological effects of coal strip-mining—A bibliography with abstracts: 

Washington, D.C., Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Interior, 416 p.

Richards, B., 1981, Powder River Basin—New energy frontier: National Geographic Magazine, 

February, p. 96–112.

Rohrman, D.F., 2009, Not so clean coal—A reply to Hall: Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment, v. 7, p. 70–71.
71

Rowe, C.L., Hopkins, W.A., and Congdon, J.D., 2002, Ecotoxicological implications of aquatic 

disposal of coal combustion residues in the United States—A review: Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment, v. 80, no. 3, p. 207–276.

Salvarli, H., 2009, For sustainable development—Some aspects on energy and environment in 

Turkey: Energy Sources Part B—Economics, Planning and Policy, v. 4, no. 4, p. 356–

364.

Sample, B.E., and Suter, G.W., 2002, Screening evaluation of the ecological risks to terrestrial 

wildlife associated with a coal ash disposal site: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 

v. 8, no. 4, p. 637–656.

Sanpasertparnich, T., Idem, R., Bolea, I., deMontigny, D., and Tontiwachwuthikul, P., 2010, 

Integration of post-combustion capture and storage into a pulverized coal-fired power 

plant: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 4, no. 3, p. 499–510.

Shealy, M., and Dorian, J.P., 2009, Growing Chinese coal use—Dramatic resource and 

environmental implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2116–2122.

Sueyoshi, T., Goto, M., and Ueno, T., 2010, Performance analysis of U.S. coal-fired power 

plants by measuring three DEA efficiencies: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1675–1688.

Sweigard, R.J., and Ramani, R.V., 1986, Site planning process—Application to land use 

potential evaluation for mined land: Mining Engineering, v. 38, no. 6, p. 427–432.

Thomas, M.G., 1983, Human demographic impacts on fish and wildlife resources from energy 

development in rural western areas: Kansas City, Mo., Midwest Research Institute, 376 p.

Trinnaman, J., and Clarke, A., 2009, Survey of energy resources—Interim update 2009: London, 

World Energy Council, 98 p.

Tsikata, M., and Sebitosi, A.B., 2010, Struggling to wean a society away from a century-old 

legacy of coal based power—Challenges and possibilities for South African electric 

supply future: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1281–1288.

Valero, A., and Valero, A., 2011, A prediction of the exergy loss of the world's mineral reserves 

in the 21st century: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1848-1854.

Vijay, S., DeCarolis, J.F., and Srivastava, R.K., 2010, A bottom-up method to develop pollution 

abatement cost curves for coal-fired utility boilers: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2255–

2261.

Wang, W., Qin, Y., Wang, J., Li, J., and Weiss, D., 2010, A preliminary method for determining 

acceptable trace element levels in coal: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 70–76.
72

Wise, M., Kyle, G.P., Dooley, J.J., and Kim, S.H., 2010, The impact of electric passenger 

transport technology under an economy-wide climate policy in the United States—

Carbon dioxide emissions, coal use, and carbon dioxide capture and storage: International 

Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 4, no. 2, p. 301–308.

Won, C., 2009, Valuation of investments in natural resources using contingent-claim framework 

with application to bituminous coal developments in Korea: Energy, v. 34, no. 9, p.

1215–1224.

Xie, K., Li, W., and Zhao, W., 2010, Coal chemical industry and its sustainable development in 

China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4349–4355.

Yang, J., 2008, Detecting landscape changes pre- and post surfaces coal mining in Indiana, 

U.S.A.: Geographic Information Sciences, v. 14, no. 1, p. 36–43.

Natural Gas

Afgan, N.H., and Carvalho, M.G., 2004, Sustainability assessment of hydrogen energy systems: 

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v. 29, no. 13, p. 1327–1342.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.

Apergis, N., Loomis, D., and Payne, J., 2009, Are shocks to natural gas consumption temporary 

or permanent? Evidence from a panel of U.S. states: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4734–

4736.

Beck, J.L., 2006, Literature review of oil and natural gas development impacts on Prairie 

Grouse: Grand Junction, Colo., Colorado Division of Wildlife, 24 p.

Brown, S.P.A., and Yücel, M.K., 2007, What drives natural gas prices?: Dallas, Tex., Federal 

Reserve Bank of Dallas, 21 p.

Chaineau, C.H., Miné, J., and Suripno, 2009, The integration of biodiversity conservation with 

oil and gas exploration in sensitive tropical environments: Biodiversity and 

Conservsation, v. 19, no. 2, p. 587–600.

Cummings, R.G., Grigalunas, T.A., and McFarland, J.W., 1975, Energy commodities and natural 

resource exploitation: Southern Economic Journal, v. 41, no. 3, p. 382–394.

De La Torre Ugarte, D.G., He, L., Jensen, K.L., and English, B.C., 2010, Expanded ethanol 

production—Implications for agriculture, water demand, and water quality: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1586–1596.
73

Del Chiaro, B., and Telleen–Lawton, T., 2007, Solar water heat—How California can reduce its 

dependence on natural gas: Los Angeles, Calif., Environment California Research and

Policy Center, 21 p.

Denney, D., 2009, Restoring sagebrush habitat in the Pinedale Anticline natural-gas field in 

Wyoming: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 61, no. 8, p. 51–52.

DiPeso, J., 2009, Natural gas—An energy and environmental game changer?: Environmental 

Quality Management, v. 19, no. 2, p. 85–91.

Fishman, N.S., ed., 2005, Energy resource studies, northern Front Range, Colorado: U.S 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1698, 170 p.

Gassner, M., and Maréchal, F., 2008, Thermo-economic optimization of the integration of 

electrolysis in synthetic natural gas production from wood: Energy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 189–

198.

Halmann, M., and Steinfeld, A., 2006, Fuel saving, carbon dioxide emission avoidance, and 

syngas production by tri-reforming of flue gases from coal- and gas-fired power stations, 

and by the carbothermic reduction of iron oxide: Energy, v. 31, no. 15, p. 3171–3185.

Holloran, M.J., 2005, Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) population response to 

natural gas field development in western Wyoming: Laramie, Wyo., University of 

Wyoming, Ph.D. dissertation, 223 p.

Kaufmann, R.K., Dees, S., and Mann, M., 2009, Horizontal and vertical transmissions in the 

U.S. oil supply chain: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 2, p. 644–650.

Kocoloski, M., Michael Griffin, W., and Scott Matthews, H., 2011, Impacts of facility size and 

location decisions on ethanol production cost: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 47–56.

Kopp, R.J., 2005, Natural gas—Supply problems are key: Resources, v. 156, p. 16-19.

Kreith, F., and Wrenn, C.B., 1976, The nuclear impact—A case study of the Plowshare Program 

to produce gas by underground nuclear stimulation in the Rocky Mountains: Boulder, 

Colo., Westview Press, Inc., 262 p. 

Levine, M.D., and Craig, P.P., 1985, A decade of United States energy policy: Annual Review of 

Energy, v. 10, p. 557–587.

Mabro, R., 2008, On the security of oil supplies, oil weapons, oil nationalism and all that: OPEC 

Energy Review, no. 32, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Mani, S., Sokhansanj, S., Tagore, S., and Turhollow, A.F., 2009, Techno-economic analysis of 

using corn stover to supply heat and power to a corn ethanol plant—Part 2—Cost of heat 

and power generation systems: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 356–364.
74

Möst, D., and Perlwitz, H., 2009, Prospects of gas supply until 2020 in Europe and its relevance 

for the power sector in the context of emission trading: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1510–

1522.

Myers, T., 2009, Groundwater management and coal bed methane development in the Powder 

River Basin of Montana: Journal of Hydrology, v. 368, no. 1-4, p. 178–193.

National Research Council, 2003, Summary of a workshop on U.S. natural gas demand, supply, 

and technology—Looking toward the future: Washington, D.C., National Academies 

Press, 112 p.

Oil and Gas Accountability Project, 2010, Oil and gas pollution: Washington, D.C., Oil and Gas 

Accountability Project, 2 p.

Pizer, W.A., 2005, Setting energy policy in the modern era: Resources, v. 156, p. 8–10.

Ruth, M., Blohm, A., Mauer, J., Gabriel, S.A., Kesana, V.G., Chen, Y., Hobbs, B.F., and Irani, 

D., 2010, Strategies for carbon dioxide emissions reductions—Residential natural gas 

efficiency, economic, and ancillary health impacts in Maryland: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

11, p. 6926–6935.

Sawyer, H., Nielson, R.M., Lindzey, F., and McDonald, L.L., 2006, Winter habitat selection of 

mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field: The Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 70, no. 2, p. 396–403.

Sjardin, M., Damen, K.J., and Faaij, A.P.C., 2006, Techno-economic prospects of small-scale 

membrane reactors in a future hydrogen-fuelled transportation sector: Energy, v. 31, no. 

14, p. 2523–2555.

Söderbergh, B., Jakobsson, K., and Aleklett, K., 2009, European energy security—The future of

Norwegian natural gas production: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5037–5055.

Valero, A., and Valero, A., 2011, A prediction of the exergy loss of the world's mineral reserves 

in the 21st century: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1848-1854.

Whistance, J., and Thompson, W., 2010, How does increased corn-ethanol production affect 

U.S. natural gas prices?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2315–2325.

World Energy Council, 2003, Drivers of the energy scene—A report of the World Energy 

Council: London, World Energy Council, 94 p.

Zhang, N., Lior, N., Liu, M., and Han, W., 2010, COOLCEP (cool clean efficient power)—A 

novel CO2-capturing oxy-fuel power system with LNG (liquefied natural gas) coldness 

energy utilization: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1200–1210.
75

Coal-based Dimethyl Ether

Zhang, L., and Huang, Z., 2007, Life cycle study of coal-based dimethyl ether as vehicle fuel for 

urban bus in China: Energy, v. 32, no. 10, p. 1896–1904.

Coalbed Methane

ALL Consulting, 2003, Handbook on coal bed methane produced water—Management and 

beneficial use alternatives: Tulsa, Okla., Ground Water Protection Research Foundation, 

322 p.

BBC Research and Consulting, 2001, Measuring the impact of coalbed methane wells on 

property values: Denver, Colo., BBC Research and Consulting, 1 p.

Bryner, G., 2002, Coalbed methane development in the intermountain west, a primer: Boulder, 

Colo., Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado School of Law, 50 p.

Doherty, K.E., Naugle, D.E., Walker, B.L., and Graham, J.M., 2008, Greater sage-grouse winter 

habitat selection and energy development: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, 

p. 187–195.

Good, R.E., Young Jr., D.P., and Eddy, J.P., 2002, Distribution of mountain plovers in the 

Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Cheyenne, Wyo., U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 13 

p.

Keith, K., Sessoms, H., Neibauer, M., Skinner, Q., Bauder, J., Waskom, R., and Mesner, N., 

2005, Land and water inventory guide for landowners in areas of coal bed methane 

development: Bozeman, Mont., Montana State University, Northern Plains and 

Mountains Regional Water Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 54 p. 

Markowski, A., 2001, Reconnaissance of the coal-bed methane resources in Pennsylvania: 

Harrisburg, Pa., Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, 134 p.

National Research Council, 2010, Management and effects of coalbed methane produced water 

in the United States: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 219 p.

Pinedale Anticline Working Group, 2005, Socioeconomic task group report and monitoring plan: 

Pindedale, Wyo., Pinedale Anticline Working Group, 58 p.

Van Bergen, F., Gale, J., and Wildenborg, A.F.B., 2004, Worldwide selection of early 

opportunities for CO2-enhanced oil recovery and CO2-enhanced coal bed methane 

production: Energy, v. 29, no. 9–10, p. 1611–1621.

Wang, X., Melesse, A.M., McClain, M.E., and Yang, W., 2007, Water quality changes as a result 

of coalbed methane development in a Rocky Mountain watershed: Journal of the 

American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1383–1399.
76

Zuo, C., Qian, Y., Tan, J., and Xu, H., 2008, An experimental study of combustion and 

emissions in a spark-ignition engine fueled with coal-bed gas: Energy, v. 33, no. 3, p.

455–461.

Methane

Halmann, M., and Steinfeld, A., 2006, Fuel saving, carbon dioxide emission avoidance, and 

syngas production by tri-reforming of flue gases from coal- and gas-fired power stations, 

and by the carbothermic reduction of iron oxide: Energy, v. 31, no. 15, p. 3171–3185.

Han, W., Jin, H., and Xu, W., 2007, A novel combined cycle with synthetic utilization of coal 

and natural gas: Energy, v. 32, no. 8, p. 1334–1342.

Kim, N.-J., Hwan Lee, J., Cho, Y.S., and Chun, W., 2010, Formation enhancement of methane 

hydrate for natural gas transport and storage: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2717–2722.

Lerche, I., 2009, Natural hydrates: 21 questions for the 21st century: Energy Exploration & 

Exploitation, v. 25, no. 5, p. 325–337.

Lin, H., Jin, H., Gao, L., and Han, W., 2010, Economic analysis of coal-based polygeneration 

system for methanol and power production: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 858–863.

National Research Council, 2004, Charting the future of methane hydrate research in the United 

States: Washington, D.C., National Acadmies Press, 192 p.

National Research Council, 2010, Management and effects of coalbed methane produced water 

in the United States: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 219 p.

National Research Council, 2010, Realizing the energy potential of methane hydrate for the 

United States: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 184 p.

Plourde, A., 2010, On properties of royalty and tax regimes in Alberta's oil sands: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 8, p. 4652–4662.

Rath, B.B., 2008, Methane hydrates—An abundance of clean energy?: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 323–325.

Oil Shale

Cleave, M.L., Porcella, D.B., and Adams, V.D., 1980, Potential for changing phytoplankton 

growth in Lake Powell due to oil shale development: Environmental Science and 

Technology, v. 14, no. 6, p. 683-690.

Energy Resources Co., E.R., 1982, Onshore permitting systems analysis for coal, oil, gas, 

geothermal and oil shale leases: Cambridge, Mass., Energy Resources Co., Inc., 636 p.

Flechsenhar, M., and Sasse, C., 1995, Solar gasification of biomass using oil shale and coal as 

candidate materials: Energy, v. 20, no. 8, p. 803–810.
77

Hawthorne, S.B., Slevers, R.E., and Barkley, R.M., 1985, Organic emissions from shale oil 

wastewaters and their implications for air quality: Environmental Science and 

Technology, v. 19, p. 992-997.

Klusman, R.W., and Matoske, C.P., 1983, Adsorption of mercury by soils from oil shale 

development areas in the Piceance Creek Basin of northwestern Colorado: Environmental 

Science and Technology, v. 17, no. 5, p. 251-256.

Murphey, P.C., and Daitch, D., 2007, Paleontological overview of oil shale and tar sands areas in 

Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 480 p.

Myers, D., Dorset, P., and Parker, T., 1977, Oil shale and the environment: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 30 p.

Raukas, A., and Punning, J.-M., 2009, Environmental problems in the Estonian oil shale 

industry: Energy & Environmental Sciences, v. 7, p. 723–728.

Riley, R.G., Garland, T.R., Shiosaki, K., Mann, D.C., and Wildung, R.E., 1981, Alklpyridines in 

surface waters, groundwaters, and subsoils of a drainage located adjacent to an oil shale 

facility: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 15, no. 6, p. 697-701.

Trainer, T., 2007, Renewable energy cannot sustain a consumer society: Dordrecht, Netherlands, 

Springer Publishing, 197 p.

Uibu, M., Velts, O., and Kuusik, R., 2010, Developments in CO2 mineral carbonation of oil shale 

ash: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 174, no. 1–3, p. 209–214.

Petroleum

Abdo, H., 2010, The taxation of U.K. oil and gas production—Why the windfalls got away: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5625–5635.

Abrahamsson, B.J., ed., 1976, The changing economics of world energy: Boulder, Colo., 

Westview Press, 165 p.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.

Beck, J.L., 2006, Literature review of oil and natural gas development impacts on Prairie 

Grouse: Grand Junction, Colo., Colorado Division of Wildlife, 24 p.

Bradshaw, C.J.A., Boutin, S., and Hebert, D., 1998, Energetic implications of disturbance caused 

by petroleum exploration to woodland caribou: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 76, no. 

7, p. 1319–1324.
78

Brown, J., Hastings, J., Mansur, E.T., and Villas-Boas, S.B., 2008, Reformulating competition—

Gasoline content regulation and wholesale gasoline prices: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 1–19.

Carpio, L.G.T., and Margueron, M.V., 2007, Decision-making process under uncertainty in 

international investments in petroleum exploration and production—Multicriteria 

approach: Energy Exploration & Exploitation, v. 25, no. 5, p. 339–356.

Chakravorty, U., Nauges, C., and Thomas, A., 2008, Clean air regulation and heterogeneity in 

U.S. gasoline prices: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, 

p. 106–122.

Czúcz, B., Gathman, J.P., and McPherson, G.R., 2010, The impending peak and decline of 

petroleum production—An underestimated challenge for conservation of ecological 

integrity: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 948–956.

Fishman, N.S., ed., 2005, Energy resource studies, northern Front Range, Colorado: U.S 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1698, 170 p.

Frank, H.J., and Schanz Jr., J.J., 1973, The future of American oil and natural gas: The Annals of 

the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 410, p. 24–34.

Goerold, W.T., 1987, Environmental and petroleum resource conflicts—A simulation model to 

determine the benefits of petroleum production in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 

Alaska: Materials and Society, v. 11, p. 279–307.

Kennedy, D., 2010, Beyond petroleum?: Science, v. 329, no. 5993, p. 727.

Kromer, M.A., Bandivadekar, A., and Evans, C., 2010, Long-term greenhouse gas emission and 

petroleum reduction goals—Evolutionary pathways for the light-duty vehicle sector: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 387–397.

Lin, C.Y.C., and Prince, L., 2009, The optimal gas tax for California: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 

12, p. 5173–5183.

Myers, D., Dorset, P., and Parker, T., 1977, Oil shale and the environment: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 30 p.

Nasen, L.C., Noble, B.F., and Johnstone, J.F., 2011, Environmental effects of oil and gas lease 

sites in a grassland ecosystem: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 

195–204.

O'Rourke, D., and Connolly, S., 2003, Just oil? The distribution of environmental and social 

impacts of oil production and consumption: Annual Review of Environment and 

Resources, v. 28, p. 587–617.
79

Park, S., Lee, S., Jeong, S.J., Song, H.-J., and Park, J.-W., 2010, Assessment of CO2 emissions 

and its reduction potential in the Korean petroleum refining industry using energyenvironment models: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2419–2429.

Pizer, W.A., 2005, Setting energy policy in the modern era: Resources, v. 156, p. 8–10.

Sawyer, H., 2007, Final report for the Atlantic Rim mule deer study: Cheyenne, Wyo., 

Anardarko Petroleum Company, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Warren E&P, Inc., 

Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 29 p.

Suppes, G.J., and Storvick, T., 2007, Sustainable nuclear power: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 

Elsevier Academic Press, 416 p.

Diesel

Baring-Gould, I., and Dabo, M., 2009, Technology, performance, and market report of winddiesel applications for remote and island communities—Preprint: National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 15 p.

Chen, K.-S., Lin, Y.-C., Hsieh, L.-T., Lin, L.-F. , and Wu, C.-C., 2010, Saving energy and 

reducing pollution by use of emulsified palm-biodiesel blends with bio-solution additive: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2043–2048.

Ghosh, S., 2010, High speed diesel consumption and economic growth in India: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 4, p. 1794–1798.

Machrafi, H., Cavadias, S., and Amouroux, J., 2010, Influence of fuel type, dilution and 

equivalence ratio on the emission reduction from the auto-ignition in a Homogeneous 

Charge Compression Ignition engine: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1829–1838.

Malik, A., and Al-Badi, A.H., 2009, Economics of wind turbines as an energy fuel saver—A 

case study for remote application in Oman: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1573–1578.

Sarvi, A., and Zevenhoven, R., 2010, Large-scale diesel engine emission control parameters: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1139–1145.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds— Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Timmons, D., and Mejía, C.V., 2010, Biomass energy from wood chips—Diesel fuel 

dependence?: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1419–1425.

Gasoline

Abdo, H., 2010, The taxation of U.K. oil and gas production—Why the windfalls got away: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5625–5635.
80

Advanced Resources International Inc., 2009, Potential economic and energy supply impacts of 

proposals to modify federal environmental laws applicable to the U.S. oil and gas 

exploration and production industry: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 9 p.

Allmendinger, N.E., 2009, Vegetation and substrate characteristics of abandoned oil and gas well 

pads in northeastern Utah: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 

41, no. 6, p. 12–13. 

Beck, J.L., 2006, Literature review of oil and natural gas development impacts on prairie grouse: 

Grand Junction, Colo., Colorado Division of Wildlife, 24 p.

Braun, C.E., Oedekoven, O.O., and Aldridge, C.L., 2002, Oil and gas development in western 

North America—Effects on sagebrush steppe avifauna with particular emphasis on sage 

grouse, in Transactions of the sixty-seventh North American wildlife and natural 

resources conference, Dallas, Tex., April 2002, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., Wildlife 

Management Institute, p. 337–349.

Carolan, M.S., 2009, Ethanol versus gasoline—The contestation and closure of a socio-technical 

system in the USA: Social Studies of Science, v. 39, p. 421–448. 

Chakravorty, U., Nauges, C., and Thomas, A., 2008, Clean air regulation and heterogeneity in 

U.S. gasoline prices: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, 

p. 106–122.

Energy Resources Co., E.R., 1982, Onshore permitting systems analysis for coal, oil, gas, 

geothermal and oil shale leases: Cambridge, Mass., Energy Resources Co., Inc., 636 p.

Fannin, J.M., Huges, D.W., Kiethly, W.O., and Guo, J., 2008, Deepwater energy industry 

impacts on economic growth and public service provision in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana: 

Socio–Economic Planning Sciences, v. 42, no. 3, p. 190–205.

Holditch, S.A., and Chianelli, R.R., 2008, Factors that will influence oil and gas supply and 

demand in the 21st century: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 317–323.

Kendix, M., and Walls, W.D., 2010, Oil industry consolidation and refined product prices—

Evidence from U.S. wholesale gasoline terminals: Energy Policy, v. 38, p. 3498–3507.

Kunce, M., S. Gerking, and Morgan, W., 2001, Effects of environmental and land use regulation 

in the oil and gas industry using the Wyoming checkboard as an experimental design: 

American Economic Review, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1588–1593.

Machrafi, H., Cavadias, S., and Amouroux, J., 2010, Influence of fuel type, dilution and 

equivalence ratio on the emission reduction from the auto-ignition in a Homogeneous 

Charge Compression Ignition engine: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1829–1838.
81

Monforti, F., and Szikszai, A., 2010, A Monte Carlo approach for assessing the adequacy of the 

European gas transmission system under supply crisis conditions: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2486–2498.

National Research Council, 2009, Driving and the built environment—The effects of compact 

development on motorized travel—Energy, use, and CO2 emissions: Washington, D.C., 

Transportation Research Board, 257 p.

Oil and Gas Accountability Project, 2005, Oil and gas at your door? A landowner’s guide to oil 

and gas development: Durango, Colo., Oil and Gas Accountability Project, 235 p.

Power, T.M., 2003, The impact of potential oil and gas development on Otero County finances: 

New Mexico Wilderness Alliance, 13 p.

Qadrdan, M., Chaudry, M., Wu, J., Jenkins, N., and Ekanayake, J., 2010, Impact of a large 

penetration of wind generation on the GB gas network: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5684–5695.

Sawyer, H., Kauffman, M.J., and Nielson, R.M., 2009, Influence of well pad activity on winter 

habitat selection patterns of mule deer: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, 

p. 1052–1061.

Skrtic, L., 2006, Hydrogen sulfide, oil and gas, and people’s health: Berkeley, Calif., Energy and 

Resources Group, University of California, 77 p.

Sublette County Commissioners, 2008, Sublette County socioeconomic impact study—Phase I—

Final report: Missoula, Mont., Sublette County Commissioners, Ecosystem Research 

Group, 109 p.

The African Union, 2006, Fueling Africa's sustainable development—The oil and gas 

perspectives: Cairo, Egypt, The African Development Bank and The African Union, 29 p.

The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 2003, Integrating biodiversity conservation into oil and

gas development: The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 65 p.

The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 2010, Negative secondary impacts from oil and gas

development: The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 7 p.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2009, Approved resource management plan 

amendments/record of decision (ROD) for designation of energy corridors on Bureau of 

Land Management-administered lands in the 11 western states: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Bureau of Land Management, 104 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2004, Sustainable development of North America’s oil and natural 

gas—Ensuring plentiful energy and a clean environment: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 12 p. 
82

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.

Western Governors’ Association, 2007, Wildlife corridors initiative: Jackson, Wyo., Oil and Gas 

Working Group Report, Western Governors' Association, 19 p.

Oil

Abdo, H., 2010, The taxation of U.K. oil and gas production—Why the windfalls got away: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5625–5635.

Advanced Resources International Inc., 2009, Potential economic and energy supply impacts of 

proposals to modify federal environmental laws applicable to the U.S. oil and gas 

exploration and production industry: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 59 

p.

Allmendinger, N.E., 2009, Vegetation and substrate characteristics of abandoned oil and gas well 

pads in northeastern Utah: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 

41, no. 6, p. 12–13. 

Anderson, M., and Gardiner, D. 2007, The future of oil—Energy security, climate risks, and 

market opportunities: Civil Society Institute, The Coalition for Environmentally 

Responsible Economies, 29 p.

Andrews, S.B., and Udall, J.R., 2005, Will there be oil? Current views on supply—California 

and the World Ocean, ’02: Revisiting and Revising California’s Ocean Agenda, 

Proceedings, p. 237–252.

Askari, H., and Krichene, N., 2010, An oil demand and supply model incorporating monetary 

policy: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2013–2021.

Azadeh, A., Khakestani, M., and Saberi, M., 2009, A flexible fuzzy regression algorithm for 

forecasting oil consumption estimation: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5567–5579.

Balaban, O., and Tsatskin, A., 2009, The paradox of oil reserve forecasts—The political 

implications of predicting oil reserves and oil consumption: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 3, 

p. 1340–1344.

Bamberger, R., 2003, Energy policy—The continuing debate: Washington, D.C., Congressional 

Research Service, 16 p.

Bardi, U., 2009, Peak oil—The four stages of a new idea: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 323–326.

Barros, C.P., Gil-Alana, L.A., and Payne, J.E., 2011, An analysis of oil production by OPEC 

countries—Persistence, breaks, and outliers: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 442–453.
83

Beck, J.L., 2006, Literature review of oil and natural gas development impacts on prairie grouse: 

Grand Junction, Colo., Colorado Division of Wildlife, 24 p.

Berg, E., Kverndokk, S., and Rosendahl, K.E., 2002, Oil exploration under climate treaties: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 44, no. 3, p. 493–516.

Black, G., and LaFrance, J.T., 1998, Is Hotelling's rule relevant to domestic oil production?: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 36, no. 2, p. 149–169.

Blair, J.M., 1976, The control of oil: New York, N.Y., Pantheon Books, 441 p.

Bobrow, D.B., and Kudrie, R.T., 1976, Theory, policy, and resource cartels—The case of OPEC: 

Journal of Conflict Resolution, v. 20, p. 3-56.

Brandt, A.R., Plevin, R.J., and Farrell, A.E., 2010, Dynamics of the oil transition—Modeling 

capacity, depletion, and emissions: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2852–2860.

Braun, C.E., Oedekoven, O.O., and Aldridge, C.L., 2002, Oil and gas development in western 

North America—Effects on sagebrush steppe avifauna with particular emphasis on sage 

grouse, in Transactions of the sixty-seventh North American wildlife and natural 

resources conference, Dallas, Tex., April 2002, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., Wildlife 

Management Institute, p. 337–349.

Byrne, J., Kurdgelashvili, L., Poponi, D., and Barnett, A., 2004, The potential of solar electric 

power for meeting future U.S. energy needs—A comparison of projections of solar 

electric energy generation and Arctic National Wildlife Refuge oil production: Energy 

Policy, v. 32, no. 2, p. 289–297.

Campbell, C.J., 2008, The oil depletion protocol—A response to peak oil: Globalizations, v. 5, 

no. 1, p 60–62.

Casassus, J., Ceballos, D., and Higuera, F., 2010, Correlation structure between inflation and oil 

futures returns—An equilibrium approach: Resources Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 301–310.

Castelo Branco, D.A., Gomes, G.L., and Szklo, A.S., 2010, Challenges and technological 

opportunities for the oil refining industry—A Brazilian refinery case: Energy Policy, v. 

38, no. 6, p. 3098–3105.

Castro, C., Miguel, L.J., and Mediavilla, M., 2009, The role of non conventional oil in the 

attenuation of peak oil: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 5, 1825–1833.

Chaineau, C.H., Miné, J., and Suripno, 2009, The integration of biodiversity conservation with 

oil and gas exploration in sensitive tropical environments: Biodiversity and 

Conservsation, v. 19, no. 2, p. 587–600.
84

Chan, S., 1980, The consequences of expensive oil on arms transfers: Journal of Peace Research, 

v. 17, p. 235-246.

Chang, T.–H., and Su, H.–M., 2010, The substitutive effect of biofuels on fossil fuels in the 

lower and higher crude oil price periods: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2807–2813.

Chiou, J.-S., and Lee, Y.-H., 2009, Jump dynamics and volatility—Oil and the stock markets: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 6, p. 788–796.

Cleveland, C.J., and Kaufmann, R.K., 2003, Oil supply and oil politics—Deja vu all over again: 

Energy Policy, v. 31, no. 6, p. 485–489.

Cortazar, G., and Eterovic, F., 2010, Can oil prices help estimate commodity futures prices? The 

cases of copper and silver: Resources Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 283–291.

Cummings, R.G., Grigalunas, T.A., and McFarland, J.W., 1975, Energy commodities and natural 

resource exploitation: Southern Economic Journal, v. 41, no. 3, p. 382–394.

Curtis, F., 2009, Peak globalization—Climate change, oil depletion and global trade: Ecological 

Economics, v. 69, no. 2, p. 427–434.

Damen, K., Faaij, A., Bergen, F.V., Gale, J., and Lysen, E., 2005, Identification of early 

opportunities for CO2 sequestration—Worldwide screening for CO2-EOR and CO2-

ECBM projects: Energy, v. 30, no. 10, p. 1931–1952.

Daniels, J.I., Anspaugh, L.R., and Ricker, Y.E., 1981, Technology assessment—Environmental, 

health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from U.S. tar-sand deposits: 

Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 146 p.

Dargay, J.M., Gately, D., and Huntington, H.G., 2007, Price and income responsiveness of world 

oil demand by product—Energy modeling forum: Stanford, Calif., Stanford University, 

33 p.

Davis, A.P., and Michaelides, E.E., 2009, Geothermal power production from abandoned oil 

wells: Energy, v. 34, no. 7, p. 866–872.

Dodson, J., and Sipe, N., 2007, Oil vulnerability in the Australian city—Assessing the 

socioeconomic risks from higher urban fuel prices: Urban Studies, v. 44, p. 37-62.

Domenichini, R., Gallio, M., and Lazzaretto, A., 2010, Combined production of hydrogen and 

power from heavy oil gasification—Pinch analysis, thermodynamic and economic 

evaluations: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2184–2193.

Energy Information Administration, 2008, Who are the major players supplying the world oil 

market? Energy in Brief: Washington, D.C., Energy Information Administration, 2 p.
85

Energy Information Administration, 2009, How dependent are we on foreign oil? Energy in 

Brief ––What everyone should know about Energy: Washington, D.C., Energy 

Information Administration, 1 p.

Energy Resources Co., E.R., 1982, Onshore permitting systems analysis for coal, oil, gas, 

geothermal and oil shale leases: Cambridge, Mass., Energy Resources Co., Inc., 636 p.

Fannin, J.M., Huges, D.W., Kiethly, W.O., and Guo, J., 2008, Deepwater energy industry 

impacts on economic growth and public service provision in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana: 

Socio–Economic Planning Sciences, v. 42, no. 3, p. 190–205.

Feagin, J.R., 1990, Extractive regions in developed countries—A comparative analysis of the oil 

capitals, Houston and Aberdeen: Urban Affairs Review, v. 25, p. 591-619.

Frank, H.J., and Schanz Jr., J.J., 1973, The future of American oil and natural gas: The Annals of 

the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 410, p. 24-34.

Friedrichs, J., 2010, Global energy crunch—How different parts of the world would react to a 

peak oil scenario: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4562–4569.

Garribba, S.F., 1991, Prospects for international collaboration on energy technology and role of 

the IEA: Solar Energy Materials, v. 24, no. 1–4, p. 4–17.

Gaudet, G., Moreaux, M., and Withagen, C., 2006, The Alberta dilemma—Optimal sharing of a 

water resource by an agricultural and an oil sector: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 548–566.

Goldemberg, J., Johansson, T.B., Reddy, A.K.N., and Williams, R.H., 1985, An end-use oriented 

global energy strategy: Annual Review of Energy, v. 10, p. 613–688.

Goodman, G.T., 1983, Societal problems in meeting current and future energy needs: Ambio, v. 

12, no. 2, p. 97–101.

Goodstein, E., 1992, Saturday effects in tanker oil spills: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 276–288.

Greene, D.L., 2010, Measuring energy security—Can the United States achieve oil 

independence?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1614–1621.

Hammoudeh, S., Yuan, Y., Chiang, T., and Nandha, M., 2010, Symmetric and asymmetric U.S. 

sector return volatilities in presence of oil, financial and economic risks: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 8, p. 3922–3932.

Haskell, S.P., Nielson, R.M., Ballard, W.B., Cronin, M.A., and McDonald, T.L., 2006, Dynamic 

responses of calving caribou to oilfields in northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 59, no. 2, p. 179–

190.
86

Higgins, P.A.T., 2005, Exercise-based transportation reduces oil dependence, carbon emissions 

and obesity: Environmental Conservation, v. 32, no. 3, p. 197–202.

Holditch, S.A., and Chianelli, R.R., 2008, Factors that will influence oil and gas supply and 

demand in the 21st century: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 317–323.

Hoogensen, G., Bazely, D., Gabrielson, G.W., Brathen, K.-A., Repnevski, A., Christensen, J., 

Tanentzap, A, Feldt, A., and Zaretskaia, O., 2006, The impacts of oil and gas activity on 

peoples in the Arctic using a multiple securities perspective (GAPS): Tromsø, Norway, 

University of Tromsø, Norwegian Research Council, 5 p.

Horwitt, D., Campbell, C., and Gray, S., 2008, Rigged game—How reckless oil and gas drilling 

on public lands threatens habitat and hunting: Who Owns the West, Environmental 

Working Group, 10 p.

Hughes, L., 2010, Eastern Canadian crude oil supply and its implications for regional energy 

security: Energy Policy, v. 38, no., 6, p. 2692–2699.

Huntington, H.G., 2008, The oil security problem—International handbook on the economics of 

energy: Stanford, Calif., Stanford University, 38 p.

Kaufmann, R.K., 2011, The role of market fundamentals and speculation in recent price changes

for crude oil: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 105–115.

Kaufmann, R.K., Dees, S., and Mann, M., 2009, Horizontal and vertical transmissions in the 

U.S. oil supply chain: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 2, p. 644–650.

Kendix, M., and Walls, W.D., 2010, Oil industry consolidation and refined product prices—

Evidence from U.S. wholesale gasoline terminals: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3498–

3507.

Kerschner, C., and Hubacek, K., 2009, Assessing the suitability of input-output analysis for 

enhancing our understanding of potential economic effects of peak oil: Energy, v. 34, no. 

3, p. 284–290.

Kessler, A., and Rubin, H., 1987, Relationships between water infiltration and oil spill migration 

in sandy soils: Journal of Hydrology, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 187–204.

Koplow, D., and Martin, A., 1998, Fueling global warming—Federal subsidies to oil in the 

United States: Washington, D.C., Greenpeace, 140 p.

Kretzschmar, G.L., and Sharifzyanova, L., 2010, Limits to international diversification in oil and

gas—Domestic vs. foreign asset control: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 468–477.
87

Kunce, M., S. Gerking, and Morgan, W., 2001, Effects of environmental and land use regulation 

in the oil and gas industry using the Wyoming checkboard as an experimental design: 

American Economic Review, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1588–1593.

Lajuala, P., Rod, J.K., and Theime, N., 2007, Fighting over oil—Introducing a new dataset: 

Conflict Management and Peace Science, v. 24, p. 239-256.

Landsberg, H.H., 1980, Let's all play energy policy!: Daedalus, v. 109, no. 3, p. 71–84.

Le Billon, P., and Cervantes, A., 2009, Oil prices, scarcity, and geographies of war: Annals of 

the Association of American Geographers, v. 99, no. 5, p. 836–844.

Levine, M.D., and Craig, P.P., 1985, A decade of United States energy policy: Annual Review of 

Energy, v. 10, p. 557–587.

Limerick, P., and Geller, H., 2007, What every westerner should know about energy efficiency 

and conservation—A guide to a new relationship: Boulder, Colo., Center of the American 

West, 73 p.

Lloyd, B., and Forest, A.S., 2010, The transition to renewables—Can PV provide an answer to 

the peak oil and climate change challenges?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 7378–7394.

Mabro, R., 2008, On the security of oil supplies, oil weapons, oil nationalism and all that: OPEC 

Energy Review, no. 32, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Malnes, R., 1983, OPEC and the problem of collective action: Journal of Peace Research, v. 20, 

p. 343–355.

Managi, S., Opaluch, J.J., Jin, D., and Grigalunas, T.A., 2004, Technological change and 

depletion in offshore oil and gas: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 

v. 47, no. 2, p. 388–409.

Mehrara, M., 2007, Energy consumption and economic growth—The case of oil exporting 

countries: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2939–2945.

Naccache, T., 2010, Slow oil shocks and the “weakening of the oil price-macroeconomy 

relationship”: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2340–2345.

Narayan, P.K., Narayan, S., and Popp, S., 2010, Investigating price clustering in the oil futures 

market: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 397–402.

Nasen, L.C., Noble, B.F., and Johnstone, J.F., 2011, Environmental effects of oil and gas lease 

sites in a grassland ecosystem: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 

195–204.
88

National Research Council, 2009, Driving and the built environment—The effects of compact 

development on motorized travel—Energy, use, and CO2 emissions: Washington, D.C., 

Transportation Research Board, 257 p.

Nye, J.S., 1980, Energy nightmares: Foreign Policy, v. 40, p. 132–154.

Oil and Gas Accountability Project, 2005, Oil and gas at your door? A landowner’s guide to oil 

and gas development: Durango, Colo., Oil and Gas Accountability Project, 235 p.

Oil and Gas Accountability Project, 2010, Oil and gas pollution: Washington, D.C., Oil and Gas 

Accountability Project, 2 p.

Oladosu, G., 2009, Identifying the oil price-macroeconomy relationship—An empirical mode 

decomposition analysis of U.S. data: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5417–5426.

Owen, N.A., Inderwildi, O.R., and King, D., 2010, The status of conventional world oil 

reserves––Hype or cause for concern?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4743–4749.

Özbek, L., and Özlale, Ü., 2010, Analysis of real oil prices via trend-cycle decomposition: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3676–3683.

Paine, J.G., Dutton, A.R., Mayorga, J.S., and Geoffrey, P.S., 1997, Identifying oil-field salinity 

sources with airborne and ground-based geophysics—A West Texas example: The 

Leading Edge, v. 16, p. 1603–1607.

Palazuelos, E., 2010, The role of transnational companies as oil suppliers to the United States: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4064–4075.

Parry, I.W.H., and Anderson, J.W., 2005, Petroleum—Energy independence is unrealistic: 

Resources, v. 156, p. 11-15.

Parsons, K.C., 1996, Recovering from oil spills—The role of proactive science in mitigating 

adverse effects: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 19, no. 1, p. 149–153.

Pimentel, D. ed., 2008, Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems—Benefits and 

risks: Springer Publishing, 506 p.

Polasky, S., 1992, Do oil producers act as ‘Oil’igopolists?: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 216–247.

Power, T.M., 2003, The impact of potential oil and gas development on Otero County finances: 

New Mexico Wilderness Alliance, 13 p.

Prasad, A., and Mir, R., 2002, Digging deep for meaning—A critical hermeneutic analysis of 

CEO letters to shareholders in the oil industry: Journal of Business Communication, v. 

39, p. 92-116.
89

Radetzki, M., 2010, Peak oil and other threatening peaks—Chimeras without substance: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6566–6569.

Reynolds, D.B., and Pippenger, M.K., 2010, OPEC and Venezuelan oil production—Evidence 

against a cartel hypothesis: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6045–6055.

Ross, H.L., 2007, Getting off oil: Resources, v. 164, p. 27-28.

Royal Dutch Shell Plc, 2008, Responsible energy sustainability report: Hague, Netherlands, 

Royal Dutch Shell Plc Sustainability Report, 46 p.

Schallenberger, A., 1980, Review of oil and gas exploitation impacts on grizzly bears: Missoula, 

Mont., Bears—Their Biology and Management, Border Grizzly Project, School of 

Forestry, University of Montana, p. 3-6.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Skrtic, L., 2006, Hydrogen sulfide, oil and gas, and people’s health: Berkeley, Calif., Energy and 

Resources Group, University of California, 77 p.

Sorrell, S., Miller, R., Bentley, R., and Speirs, J., 2010, Oil futures—A comparison of global 

supply forecasts: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4990–5003.

Sorrell, S., Speirs, J., Bentley, R., Brandt, A., and Miller, R., 2010, Global oil depletion—A 

review of the evidence: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5290–5295.

Soytas, U., Sari, R., Hammoudeh, S., and Hacihasanoglu, E., 2009, World oil prices, precious 

metal prices and macroeconomy in Turkey: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5557–5566.

Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development, 2008, Recommendations for responsible oil 

and gas development: Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development, 16 p.

Tao, Z., 2010, Scenarios of China's oil consumption per capita (OCPC) using a hybrid factor 

decomposition-system dynamics (SD) simulation: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 168–180.

Taskforce on Strategic Unconventional Fuels, 2006, Development of America's strategic 

unconventional fuels resources—Initial report to the President and the Congress of the 

United States: Washington, D.C., Taskforce on Strategic Unconventional Fuels, 38 p.

The African Union, 2006, Fueling Africa's sustainable development—The oil and gas 

perspectives: Cairo, Egypt, The African Development Bank and The African Union, 29 p.

The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 2003, Integrating biodiversity conservation into oil and

gas development: The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 65 p.
90

The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 2010, Negative secondary impacts from oil and gas 

development: The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 7 p.

Tokic, D., 2010, The 2008 oil bubble—Causes and consequences: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, 

p. 6009–6015.

Trainer, T., 2007, Renewable energy cannot sustain a consumer society: Dordrecht, Netherlands, 

Springer Publishing, 197 p.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2009, Approved resource management plan 

amendments/record of decision (ROD) for designation of energy corridors on Bureau of 

Land Management-administered lands in the 11 western states: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Bureau of Land Management, 104 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2004, Sustainable development of North America’s oil and natural 

gas—Ensuring plentiful energy and a clean environment: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 12 p. 

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006, Department of Energy—Key challenges remain 

for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies to meet future needs: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 73 p.

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.

Valero, A., and Valero, A., 2011, A prediction of the exergy loss of the world's mineral reserves 

in the 21st century: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1848-1854.

van Bylandtlaan, C., 2009, Shell energy scenarios to 2050: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Shell 

International BV, 52 p.

Veil, J.A., and Quinn, J.J., 2008, Water issues associated with heavy oil production: Argonne, 

Ill., Argonne National Laboratory, 64 p.

Veld, K.V., and Phillips, O.R., 2010, The economics of enhanced oil recovery—Estimating 

incremental oil supply and CO2 demand in the Powder River Basin: Energy Journal, v. 

31, no. 4, p. 31–56.

Verbruggen, A., and Al Marchohi, M., 2010, Views on peak oil and its relation to climate change 

policy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5572–5581.

Watts, M.J., 2005, Righteous oil? Human rights, the oil complex, and corporate social 

responsibility: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 30, p. 373-407.

Weisbrot, M., and Szembrot, N., 2008, Oil drilling in environmentally sensitive areas—The role 

of the media: Washington, D.C., Center for Economic and Policy Research, 4 p.
91

Western Governors’ Association, 2007, Wildlife corridors initiative: Jackson, Wyo., Oil and Gas 

Working Group Report, Western Governors' Association, 19 p.

Wirth, C.J., 2008, Peak oil—Alternatives, renewables, and impacts: Peak Oil Associates, 48 p.

World Energy Council, 2003, Drivers of the energy scene—A report of the World Energy 

Council: London, World Energy Council, 94 p.

Zucchetto, J., 2006, Trends in oil supply and demand, potential for peaking of conventional oil 

production, and possible mitigation options—A summary report of the workshop: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 50p.

Tar Sands

Daniels, J.I., Anspaugh, L.R., and Ricker, Y.E., 1981, Technology assessment—Environmental, 

health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from U.S. tar-sand deposits: 

Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 146 p.

Murphey, P.C., and Daitch, D., 2007, Paleontological overview of oil shale and tar sands areas in 

Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 480 p.

Myers, D., Dorset, P., and Parker, T., 1977, Oil shale and the environment: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 30 p.

Trainer, T., 2007, Renewable energy cannot sustain a consumer society: Dordrecht, Netherlands, 

Springer Publishing, 197 p.

Nuclear Energy and Uranium

The nuclear energy category is contains references to decades of debates on the 

usefulness of nuclear sources of energy and the tradeoff of effects between nuclear energy, safety 

and social opinion, as well as general studies. Additionally, reports that describe uranium

production and associated issues are referenced in this category.

Abram, T., and Ion, S., 2008, Generation-IV nuclear power—A review of the state of the 

science: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4323–4330.

Adamantiades, A., and Kessides, I., 2009, Nuclear power for sustainable development—Current 

status and future prospects: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5149–5166.

Alexakhin, R.M., 1993, Countermeasures in agricultural production as an effective means of 

mitigating the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident: The Science of The 

Total Environment, v. 137, no. 1–3, p. 9–20.

Allison, T., and Calzonetti, F., 1996, How significant is perceived environmental risk to business 

location decisions?: Argonne, Ill., Argonne National Laboratory, 29 p.
92

America’s Energy Future (Project), National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of 

Engineering, and National Research Council, 2010, Real prospects for energy efficiency 

in the United States: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 329 p.

Amundson, M.A., 1995, Home on the range no more—The boom and bust of a Wyoming 

uranium mining town, 1957–1988: Western Historical Quarterly, v. 26, no. 4, p. 483–

505.

Amundson, M.A., 2002, Yellowcake towns—Uranium mining communities in the American 

west: University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colo., 208 p.

Artha Resources Corporation, 2008, Pure uranium—Focused on the development and mining of 

in situ recoverable deposits: Vancouver, British Columbia, Artha Resources Corporation, 

2 p.

Beerten, J., Laes, E., Meskens, G., and D’haeseleer, W., 2009, Greenhouse gas emissions in the 

nuclear life cycle—A balanced appraisal: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5056–5068.

Benedict, R., Bone, H., Leavel, W., and Rice, R., 1980, The voters and attitudes toward nuclear 

power—A comparative study of nuclear moratorium initiatives: The Western Political 

Quarterly, v. 33, no. 1, p. 7–23.

Besmann, T.M., 2010, Projections of U.S. GHG reductions from nuclear power new capacity 

based on historic levels of investment: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2431–2437.

Bezdek, R.H., 2009, Nuclear power prospects in the U.S.A.—The continuing problem of the

waste issue: Energy & Environment, v. 20, p. 375–385.

Borges Silverio, L., and Lamas, W.d.Q., 2011, An analysis of development and research on spent 

nuclear fuel reprocessing: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 281–289.

Brooks, H., 1981, Perspectives on the energy problem: Proceedings of the American 

Philosophical Society, v. 125, 7 p.

Brooks, H., and Hollander, J.M., 1979, United States energy alternatives to 2010 and beyond—

The Conaes study: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 1–7.

Carazas, F.G., and Souza, G.F.M., 2010, Risk-based decision making method for maintenance 

policy selection of thermal power plant equipment: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 964–975.

Crow, J.F., 1981, Comparison of energy risks: Proceedings of the American Philosophical 

Society, v. 125, no. 4, 8 p.

Crowley, K.D., 2010, Science and technology for DOE site cleanup—Workshop summary: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 73 p.
93

Davies, R., 1984, The Sizewell B nuclear inquiry—An analysis of public participation in 

decision-making about nuclear power: Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 9, no. 

3, p. 21–32.

Denton, H.R., 1987, The causes and consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident and 

implications for the regulation of U.S. nuclear power plants: Annals of Nuclear Energy, 

v. 14, no. 6, p. 295–315.

Dermol, U., and Kontic, B., 2011, Use of strategic environmental assessment in the site selection 

process for a radioactive waste disposal facility in Slovenia: Journal of Environmental 

Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 43–52.

Dobbs, T.L., and Kiner, P.E., 1974, Two manpower location aspects of energy resource 

development—Case of the Wyoming uranium industry: Wyoming Agricultural 

Experiment Station Journal, 13 p.

Duggan, J.L., and Cloutier, R.J., 1977, Energy sources for the future, in Symposium on energy 

sources for the future, Oak Ridge, Tenn., April 1977, Proceedings: Oak Ridge, Tenn., 

Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 308 p. 

Duncan, O.D., 1978, Sociologists should reconsider nuclear energy: Social Forces, v. 57, no. 1,

p. 1–22.

Dutzik, T., and Sargent, R., 2006, Challenging nuclear power in the states—Policy and 

organizing tools for slowing the Nuclear Renaissance: Calif., Environment California 

Research and Policy Center, 43 p.

Eccleston, C.H., 2009, Risk in review—Nuclear energy in the context of climate change: 

Environmental Quality Management, v. 18, no. 4, p. 45-52.

Energy Information Administration, 2009, Energy in brief—What everyone should know about 

energy: Washington, D.C., Energy Information Administration, 2 p.

Etzkowitz, H. 1984, Solar versus nuclear energy—Autonomous or dependent technology?: 

Social Problems, v. 31, no. 4, p. 417–434.

Ewing, R.C., 2008, Nuclear fuel cycle—Environmental impact: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 338–340.

Finch, J., 2007, Wyoming's uranium mining frenzy: Ezine Articles, 4 p.

Fitzpatrick, F.C., Gray, D.D., Hyndman, J.R., Sisman, O., Suffern, J.S., Tyrrell, P.A., and West, 

D.C., 1976, Comparison between dispersed nuclear power plants and a nuclear energy 

center at a hypothetical site on Kentucky Lake, Tennessee: Oak Ridge Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 121 p.
94

Gilles, C., Bravo, L., and Watahomigie, D., 1991, Uranium mining at the Grand Canyon—What 

costs to water, air, and indigenous people?: The Workbook, v. 16, no. 1, p. 2–17.

Gray, R.H., and Becker, C.D., 1993, Environmental cleanup—The challenge at the Hanford site, 

Washington, U.S.A.: Environmental Management, v. 17, no. 4, p. 461–475.

Greenberg, M.R., 2010, Energy parks for former nuclear weapons sites? Public preferences at six 

regional locations and the United States as a whole: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5098–

5107.

Gronlund, L., Lochbaum, D., and Lyman, E., 2007, Nuclear power in a warming world—

Assessing the risks, addressing the challenges: Cambridge, Mass., Union of Concerned 

Scientists, 82 p.

Grubler, A., 2010, The costs of the French nuclear scale-up—A case of negative learning by 

doing: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5174–5188.

Hecker, S.S., 2008, Preventing nuclear weapon proliferation as nuclear power expands: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 340–342.

Hoffman, S.M., 2001, Negotiating eternity—Energy, policy, environmental justice, and the 

politics of nuclear waste: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 21, p. 456–472.

Hore-Lacy, I., 2007, Environment, health and safety issues—World nuclear energy in the 21st 

century: Academic Press, p. 111–125.

Jeong, H.-Y., Kim, Y.-I., Lee, Y.-B., Ha, K.-S., Won, B.-C., Lee, D.-U., and Hahn, D., 2009, A 

‘must-go path’ scenario for sustainable development and the role of nuclear energy in the 

21st century: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1962–1968.

Kahouli, S., 2011, Re-examining uranium supply and demand—New insights: Energy Policy, v. 

39, no. 1, p. 358–376.

Kalin, M., 1988, Radionuclide concentrations and other characteristics of tailings, surface 

waters, and vegetation, chap 3 of Long-term ecological behavior of abandoned uranium 

mill tailings: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, 97 p.

Kessides, I., 2010, Nuclear power—Understanding the economic risks and uncertainties: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3849–3864.

Knapp, V., Pevec, D., and Matijevic, M., 2010, The potential of fission nuclear power in 

resolving global climate change under the constraints of nuclear fuel resources and oncethrough fuel cycles: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6793–6803.

Kopytko, N., and Perkins, J., 2011, Climate change, nuclear power, and the adaptationmitigation dilemma: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 318–333.
95

Kreith, F., and Wrenn, C.B., 1976, The nuclear impact—A case study of the Plowshare Program 

to produce gas by underground nuclear stimulation in the Rocky Mountains: Boulder, 

Colo., Westview Press, Inc., 262 p. 

Kryshev, I.I., 1995, Radioactive contamination of aquatic ecosystems following the Chernobyl 

accident: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 27, no. 3, p. 207–219.

Lee, Y.E., and Koh, K.K., 2002, Decision-making of nuclear energy policy—Application of 

environmental management tool to nuclear fuel cycle: Energy Policy, v. 30, no. 13, p. 

1151–1161.

Lenzen, M., 2008, Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions of nuclear energy—A 

review: Energy Conversion and Management, v. 49, no. 8, p. 2178–2199.

Liao, S.-Y., Tseng, W.-C., and Chen, C.-C., 2010, Eliciting public preference for nuclear energy 

against the backdrop of global warming: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7054–7069.

Llewellyn Smith, C., and Ward, D., 2008, Fusion: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4331–4334.

Lochbaum, D., 2000, Nuclear plant risk studies—Failing the grade: Cambridge, Mass., Union of 

Concerned Scientists, 31 p.

Lochbaum, D., 2004, U.S. nuclear plants in the 21st century—The risk of a lifetime: Cambridge, 

Mass., Union of Concerned Scientists, 34 p.

Lyon, W.S., 1984, Social studies of science and U.S.—Part 2: Journal of Radioanalytical and 

Nuclear Chemistry, Switzerland, v. 85, no. 5, p. 261–265.

Markovska, N., Taseska, V., and Pop-Jordanov, J., 2009, SWOT analyses of the national energy 

sector for sustainable energy development: Energy, v. 34, no. 6, p. 752–756.

Medvedev, Z.A., 1994, Chernobyl—Eight years after: Trends in Ecology & Evolution, v. 9, no. 

10, p. 369–371.

Menyah, K., and Wolde-Rufael, Y., 2010, CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and 

economic growth in the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2911–2915.

Miller, A.I., Suppiah, S., and Duffey, R., 2006, Climate change gains more from nuclear 

substitution than from conservation: Nuclear Engineering and Design, v. 236, no. 14–16, 

p. 1657–1667.

Mohapatra, D.K., and Mohanakrishnan, P., 2010, A methodology for the assessment of nuclear 

power development scenario: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4330–4338.
96

Morfin, F., Sabroux, J.-C., and Renouprez, A., 2004, Catalytic combustion of hydrogen for 

mitigating hydrogen risk in case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant—Study of 

catalysts poisoning in a representative atmosphere—Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 

v. 47, no. 1, p. 47–58.

Mori, S., and Saito, T., 2004, Potentials of hydrogen and nuclear towards global warming 

mitigation—Expansion of an integrated assessment model MARIA and simulations: 

Energy Economics, v. 26, no. 4, p. 565–578.

Mudd, G.M., 2008, Sustainability reporting and water resources—A preliminary assessment of 

embodied water and sustainable mining: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 3, 

p. 136–144.

Mudd, G.M., and Diesendorf, M., 2008, Sustainability of uranium mining and milling—Toward 

quantifying resources and eco-efficiency: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 42, 

no. 7, p. 2624–2630.

Murdock, S.H., Leistritz, F.L., and Hamm, R.R., 1983, Socioeconomic impacts of large-scale 

developments—Implications for high-level nuclear waste repositories: The 

Environmental Professional, v. 5, p. 183–194.

Mushkatel, A.H., and Pijawka, K.D., 1992, Institutional trust, information, and risk 

perceptions—Report of findings of the Las Vegas metropolitan area survey: Carson City, 

Nev., Nevada Nuclear Waste Project Office, 32 p.

National Academy of Sciences, 2008, Internationalization of the nuclear fuel cycle—Goals, 

strategies, and challenges: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 173 p.

National Research Council, 1980, Energy in transition, 1985–2010—Final report of the 

Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems, National Research Council, 

National Academy of Sciences: San Francisco, Calif., W.H. Freeman and Company, 718 

p.

Owen, P.T., Knox, N.O., Ferguson, S.D., Fielden, J.M, and Schumann, P.L., 1989, Nuclear 

facility decommissioning and site remedial actions—A selected bibliography: Oak Ridge, 

Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 375 p.

Pizer, W.A., 2005, Setting energy policy in the modern era: Resources, v. 156, p. 8–10.

Rahu, M., 2003, Health effects of the Chernobyl accident—Fears, rumours and the truth: 

European Journal of Cancer, v. 39, no. 3, p. 295–299.

Raj, B., Vijayalakshmi, M., Vasudeva Rao, P.R., and Rao, K.B.S., 2008, Challenges in materials 

research for sustainable nuclear energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p.

327–337.
97

Riccitello, D., Robinson, P., Hector, A., Luis, J., Benavides, D., and Hancock, D., 1979, 

Uranium mining and milling—A primer: The Workbook, v. 6, no. 6–7, p. 222–233.

Rijk, P.D., ed., 2008, Mined U—Financing of new uranium mines: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 

WISE Amsterdam, 54 p.

Rungsuriyawiboon, S., 2009, Estimating cost structures in the U.S. nuclear power industry: 

Energy Exploration & Exploitation, v. 26, no. 1, p. 1–21.

Shuey, C., Robinson, P., and Taylor, L., 1985, The “costs” of uranium—Who’s paying with 

lives, lands, and dollars: The Workbook, v. 10, no. 3, p. 102–117.

Simmonds, J.R., and Linsley, G.S., 1981, Dynamic modeling system for the transfer of 

radioactivity in terrestrial food chains: Nuclear Safety, v. 22, no. 6, p. 766–777.

Sorensen, J., Soderstrom, J., and Copenhaver, E., 1987, Impacts of hazardous technology—The 

psycho-social effects of restarting TMI-1: New York, N.Y., New York State University 

Press, 233 p.

Sovacool, B.K., 2009, Contextualizing avian mortality—A preliminary appraisal of bird and bat 

fatalities from wind, fossil-fuel, and nuclear electricity: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 6, p. 

2241–2248.

Sovacool, B.K., 2010, Critically weighing the costs and benefits of a nuclear renaissance: Journal 

of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, p. 105–123.

Strupczewski, A., 2003, Accident risks in nuclear-power plants: Applied Energy, v. 75, no. 1-2, 

p. 79–86.

Suppes, G.J., and Storvick, T., 2007, Sustainable nuclear power: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 

Elsevier Academic Press, 416 p.

Thomas, S., 2010, Competitive energy markets and nuclear power—Can we have both, do we 

want either?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4903–4908.

Tilford, N.R., 1994, Site selection—Past and present—Social planning criteria for nuclear power 

plant siting: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists , v. 31, no. 2, p. 157–

169.

U.S. Department of Energy, 1980, Safety and environmental considerations for licensing, 

volume 6 of Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power—Report of the 

nonproliferation alternative systems assessment program: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 152 p.
98

U.S. Department of Energy, 1986, Environmental assessment overview—Yucca Mountain Site, 

Nevada research and development area, Nevada: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of 

Energy, 44 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Final environmental impact statement for 

standards for control of byproduct materials from uranium processing: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation Programs, 40 CFR 192, 550 

p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Potential health and environmental hazards of 

uranium mine wastes, Volume 2: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency Office of Radiation Programs, 505 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994, Technical resource document—Uranium—

Extraction and beneficiation of ores and minerals, Volume 5: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste, EPA/530–R–94–032, 125 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Technical report on technologically enhanced 

naturally occuring radioactive materials from uranium mining, Volume 2—Investigation 

of potential health, geographic, and environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines: 

Washington, D.C., Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, v. 2, 131 p.

:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Technologically enhanced naturally occurring 

radioactive materials from uranium mining, Volume 2—Investigation of potential health, 

geographic, and environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 312 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1977, Public comments and task force responses 

regarding the environmental survey of the reprocessing and waste management portions 

of the LWR fuel cycle: Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office 

of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, 425 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2001, Nuclear material safety and safeguards: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Public Affairs, 11 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2002, Environmental monitoring: Washington, D.C., U.S.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2002, Oversight of nuclear power plants: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 3 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2003, Chronology of significant events in operator 

licensing since Three Mile Island (TMI-1979): Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission, 9 p.
99

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2008, Decommissioning nuclear power plants: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 10 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2010, Reactor concepts manual—Nuclear power for 

electrical generation: Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 

Technical Training Center, 24 p.

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.

Watson, J., and Scott, A., 2009, New nuclear power in the U.K.—A strategy for energy 

security?: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5094–5104.

Weisser, D., 2007, A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply 

technologies: Energy, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1543–1559.

Weisser, D., Howells, M., Rogner, H.-H., 2008, Nuclear power and post-2012 energy and 

climate change policies: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 11, no. 6, p. 467-477.

Woo, T.-H., and Lee, U.-C., 2010, Safety assessment for the passive system of the nuclear power 

plants (NPPs) using safety margin estimation: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1799–1804.

World Nuclear Association, 2009, Energy analysis of power systems: London, World Nuclear 

Association, 11 p.

Young, L., 1981, What price progress? Uranium production on Indian lands in the San Juan 

Basin: American Indian Law Review, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1–50.

Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is an ever-evolving science. There are sources listed here that deal 

with the subject en masse and others that deal with just a few of the different types of renewable 

energies that have been developed. Biomass has its own subsection and is further broken down 

into biofuel and hydrogen. Geothermal, hydroelectric, solar, wind, and thermal energy all have 

their own sections as well.

Adelaja, S., Shaw, J., Beyea, W., and Charles McKeown, J.D., 2010, Renewable energy potential 

on brownfield sites—A case study of Michigan: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7021–

7030.

Adler, P.R., Sanderson, M.A., Boateng, A.A., Weimer, P.I., and Jung, H.J.G., 2006, Biomass 

yield and biofuel quality of switchgrass harvested in fall or spring: Agronomy Journal, v. 

98, no. 6, p. 1518–1525.

Akella, A.K., Saini, R.P., and Sharma, M.P., 2008, Social, economical and environmental 

impacts of renewable energy systems: Renewable Energy, v. 34, no. 2009, p. 390–396.
100

Anandarajah, G., and Strachan, N., 2010, Interactions and implications of renewable and climate 

change policy on U.K. energy scenarios: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6724–6735.

Arnett, E.B., 2006, A preliminary evaluation on the use of dogs to recover bat fatalities at wind 

energy facilities: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1440–1445.

Arnett, E.B., Brown, W.K., Erickson, W.P., Fiedler, J.K., Hamilton, B.L., Henry, T.H., Jain, A., 

Johnson, G.D., Kerns, J., Koford, R.R., Nicholson, C.P., O'Connell, T.J., Piorkowski, 

M.D., and Tankersley, R.D., 2008, Patterns of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in 

North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 61–78.

Babiuch, W.M., and Farhar, B.C., 1994, Stakeholder analysis methodologies resource book: 

Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 103 p.

Baerwald, E.F., Edworthy, J., Holder, M., and Barclay, R., 2009, A large-scale mitigation 

experiment to reduce bat fatalities at wind energy facilities: The Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1077–1081.

Bagnall, D.M., and Boreland, M., 2008, Photovoltaic technologies: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, 

p. 4390–4396.

Bamberger, R., 2003, Energy policy—The continuing debate: Washington, D.C., Congressional 

Research Service, 16 p.

Barradale, M.J., 2010, Impact of public policy uncertainty on renewable energy investment—

Wind power and the production tax credit: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7698–7709.

Bergmann, A., Hanley, M., and Wright, R., 2006, Valuing the attributes of renewable energy 

investments: Energy Policy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1004–1014.

Bies, L., 2006, The biofuels explosion—Is green energy good for wildlife?: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1203–1205.

Blair, N., Jenkin, T., Milford, J., Short, W., Sullivan, P., Evans, D., Lieberman, E., Goldstein, G., 

Evelyn, W., Jayaraman, K., Venkatesh, B., Kleiman, G., Namovicz, C., Smith, B., 

Palmer, K., Wiser, R., and Wood, F., 2009, Renewable energy and efficiency modeling 

analysis partnership (REMAP)—An analysis of how different energy models addressed a 

common high renewable energy penetration scenario in 2025: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 111 p.

Boersema, J., Blowers, A., and Martin, A., 2007, Biofuels and perverse subsidies—Fuelling the 

wrong solutions?: Environmental Sciences, v. 4, no. 4, p. 195–198.

Brennan, T.J., in press, Energy efficiency and renewables policies—Promoting efficiency or 

facilitating monopsony?: Energy Policy.
101

Byrne, J., Kurdgelashvili, L., Poponi, D., and Barnett, A., 2004, The potential of solar electric 

power for meeting future U.S. energy needs—A comparison of projections of solar 

electric energy generation and Arctic National Wildlife Refuge oil production: Energy 

Policy, v. 32, no. 2, p. 289–297.

Cappers, P., and Goldman, C., 2009, Financial impact of energy efficiency under a federal 

combined efficiency and renewable electricity standard—Case study of a Kansas superutility: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3998–4010.

Cerqueira Leite, R.C.d., Verde Leal, M.R.L., Barbosa Cortez, L.A., Griffin, W.M., and Gaya 

Scandiffio, M.I., 2009, Can Brazil replace 5% of the 2025 gasoline world demand with 

ethanol?: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 655–661.

Chang, T.H, Huang, C.M., and Lee, M.C., 2009, Threshold effect of the economic growth rate 

on the renewable energy development from a change in energy price—Evidence from 

OECD countries: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5796–5802.

Cinar, D., Kayakutlu, G., and Daim, T., 2010, Development of future energy scenarios with 

intelligent algorithms—Case of hydro in Turkey: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1724–1729.

Committee on U.S.-China Cooperation on Electricity from Renewable Sources, 2010, The power 

of renewables—Opportunities and challenges for China and the United States: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 240 p. 

Couture, T., and Cory, K., 2009, State clean energy policies analysis (SCEPA) project—An 

analysis of renewable energy feed-in tariffs in the United States: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 51 p.

Dahle, D., Kirby, M., Heimiller, D., Farhar, B., and Owens, B., 2003, Assessing the potential for 

renewable energy on public lands: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 95 p.

Del Río, P., 2010, Analyzing the interactions between renewable energy promotion and energy 

efficiency support schemes—The impact of different instruments and design elements: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4978–4989.

Delzeit, R., and Holm-Müller, K., 2009, Steps to discern sustainability criteria for a certification 

scheme of bioethanol in Brazil—Approach and difficulties: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 662–

668.

Dimitrov, K., 2007, GreenFuel technologies—A case study for industrial photosynthetic energy 

capture: Brisbane, Australia, GreenFuel Technologies Corporation, 30 p.

Doris, E., Busche, S., Hockett, S., and McLaren, J., 2009, The role of state policy in renewable 

energy development: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 14 p.
102

Doris, E., McLaren, J., Healey, V., and Hockett, S., 2009, State of the states 2009—Renewable 

energy development and the role of policy: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy 

Laboratory, 231 p.

Farhar, B.C., 1994, Trends in U.S. public perceptions and preferences on energy and 

environmental policy: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 19, p. 211–239.

Fischer, C., and Newell, R., 2004, Environmental and technology policies for climate change and 

renewable energy: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 47 p.

Foidart, F., Oliver-Solá, J., Gasol, C.M., Gabarrell, X., and Rieradevall, J., 2010, How important 

are current energy mix choices on future sustainability? Case study—Belgium and 

Spain—Projections towards 2020–2030: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5028–5037.

France, T., Wiemers, E., Butterworth, S.E., Baghzouz, Y., and Boehm, R.F., 2009, Renewable 

energy for federal land management agencies in southern Nevada, in International 

conference on energy sustainability, 2nd, Jacksonville, Fla., August 2008, Proceedings: 

New York, N.Y., American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v. 2, p. 729 –737.

Fuller, M.C., Kunkel, C., and Kammen, D., 2009, Guide to energy efficiency and renewable 

energy, financing districts for local governments: Berkeley, Calif., University of 

California, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, 47 p.

Galembeck, F., 2010, Synergy in food, fuels and materials production from biomass: Energy & 

Environmental Science, v. 3, no. 4, p. 393–399.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

GLOBE Foundation, 2006, The endless energy project—A blueprint for complete energy selfsufficiency in British Columbia: Vancouver, British Columbia, GLOBE Foundation, 62 

p.

Gómez, A., Zubizarreta, J., Dopazo, C., and Fueyo, N., 2011, Spanish energy roadmap to 2020—

Socioeconomic implications of renewable targets: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1973-1985.

Gopalakrishnan, G., Negri, C.M., Wang, M., May, W., Snyder, S.W., and Lafreniere, L., 2009, 

Biofuels, land, and water—A systems approach to sustainability: Environmental Science 

& Technology, v. 43, no. 15, p. 6094–6100.

Haeseldonckx, D., and D'Haeseleer, W., 2010, Using renewables and the co-production of 

hydrogen and electricity from CCS-equipped IGCC facilities as a stepping stone towards 

the early development of a hydrogen economy: International Journal of Hydrogen 

Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 861–871.
103

Heiman, M.K., and Solomon, B.D., 2004, Power to the people—Electric utility restructuring and 

the commitment to renewable energy: Annals of the Association of American 

Geographers, v. 94, no. 1, p. 94–116. 

Hill, J., 2007, Environmental costs and benefits of transportation biofuel production from foodand lignocellulose-based energy crops—A review: Agronomy for Sustainable 

Development, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Hoffert, M.I., Caldeira, K., Benford, G., Criswell, D.R., Green, C., Herzog, H., Jain, A.K.,

Kheshgi, H.S., Lackner, K.S., Lewis, J.S., Lightfoot, H.D., Manheimer, W., Mankins, 

J.C., Mauel, M.E., Perkins, L.J, Schlesinger, M.E., Volk, T., and Wigley, T.M.L., 2002, 

Advanced technology paths to global climate stability—Energy for a greenhouse planet: 

Science, v. 298, no. 5595, p. 981–987.

Kahraman, C., Kaya, I., and Cebi, S., 2009, A comparative analysis for multiattribute selection 

among renewable energy alternatives using fuzzy axiomatic design and fuzzy analytic 

hierarchy process: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1603–1616.

Kenny, R., Law, C., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Towards real energy economics—Energy policy 

driven by life-cycle carbon emission: Energy Policy, v. 38, p. 1969–1978.

Koshel, P., and McAllister, K., 2008, Transitioning to sustainability through research and 

development on ecosystem services and biofuels—Workshop summary: Washington, 

D.C., National Acadamies Press, 130 p.

Kotchen, M.J., and Moore, M.R., 2007, Private provision of environmental public goods—

Household participation in green-electricity programs: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 1–16.

Ku, S.J., and Yoo, S.H., 2010, Willingness to pay for renewable energy investment in Korea—A 

choice experiment study: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 14, no. 8, p. 

2196–2201.

Landsberg, H.H., 1980, Let's all play energy policy!: Daedalus, v. 109, no. 3, p. 71–84.

Lantz, E., and Doris, E., 2009, State clean energy practices—Renewable energy rebates: Golden, 

Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 38 p.

Lloyd, B., and Forest, A.S., 2010, The transition to renewables—Can PV provide an answer to 

the peak oil and climate change challenges?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7378–7394.

Lund, H., 2007, Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development: Energy, v. 32, no. 6, 

p. 912–919.

Lund, H., and Mathiesen, B.V., 2009, Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy 

systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 524–531.
104

Lund, H., Möller, B., Mathiesen, B.V., Dyrelund, A., 2010, The role of district heating in future 

renewable energy systems: Energy, v. 35, no. 31, p. 1381–1390.

Mariita, N.O., 2002, The impact of large-scale renewable energy development on the poor—

Environmental and socio-economic impact of a geothermal power plant on a poor rural 

community in Kenya: Energy Policy, v. 30, no. 11-12, p. 1119–1128.

Marques, A.C., Fuinhas, J.A., and Pires Manso, J.R., 2010, Motivations driving renewable 

energy in European countries—A panel data approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 

6877–6885.

Martinot, E., Dienst, C., Liu, W., and Chai, Q., 2007, Renewable energy futures—Targets, 

scenarios, and pathways: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 205–

239.

Matlock, M., 2009, Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma energy options analysis—A preliminary review 

of renewable energy development and utility cost savings options: Pawnee, Okla., 

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma, Summit Blue Consulting, LLC, 122 p.

McLaughlin, S.B., and Walsh, M.E., 1998, Evaluating environmental consequences of producing 

herbaceous crops for bioenergy: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 14, no. 4, p. 317–324.

Menyah, K., and Wolde-Rufael, Y., 2010, CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and 

economic growth in the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2911–2915.

Michael, K.H., and Barry, D.S., 2004, Power to the people—Electric utility restructuring and the 

commitment to renewable energy: Annals of the Association of American Geographers v. 

94, p. 94–116.

Michaud-Lalanne, H., and Lalanne, M., 2003, Renewable energy—Getting the numbers straight: 

BioScience, v. 53, no. 4, p. 310.

Most, D., and Fichtner, W., 2010, Renewable energy sources in European energy supply and 

interactions with emission trading: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2898–2910.

Mueller, M., and Wallace, R., 2008, Enabling science and technology for marine renewable 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4376–4382.

Nadaï, A., and der Horst, D., 2010, Introduction—Landscapes of energies: Landscape Research, 

v. 35, no. 2, p. 143–155.

National Research Council, 2009, Electricity from renewable resources—Status, prospects, and 

impediments: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 387 p.
105

National Science Board, 2009, Building a sustainable energy future—U.S. actions for an 

effective energy economy transformation: Washington, D.C., National Science 

Foundation and National Science Board, 64 p.

Nissing, C., and von Blottnitz, H., 2010, Renewable energy for sustainable urban development—

Redefining the concept of energisation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2179–2187.

Nguyen, H.T., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Estimating potential photovoltaic yield with r.sun and the 

open source geographical resources analysis support system: Solar Energy, v. 84, no. 5, 

p. 831–843.

Østergaard, P.A., 2009, Reviewing optimization criteria for energy systems analyses of 

renewable energy integration: Energy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1236–1245.

Oughton, J.R., 2009, Biomass energy from perennial grasses—An assessment: Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 41, no. 4, p. 19.

Pascualab, C.M., Pasionc, P.M., Acebedo, I.P., Yadao, F.I., Aguinaldo, N.A., and Pascual, E.P., 

2008, Development and application of renewable energy map analysis program in the 

Philippines: Annals of GIS, v. 14, no. 2, p. 124–128.

Portman, M., 2009, Involving the public in the impact assessment of offshore renewable energy 

facilities: Marine Policy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 332–338.

Reijnders, L., 2009, Fuels for the future: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 6, no. 

4, p. 279–294.

Richter Jr., D.D., Jenkins, D.H., Karakash, J.T., Knight, J., McCreery, L.R., and Nemestothy, 

K.P., 2009, Wood energy in America: Science, v. 323, no. 5920, p. 1432–1433.

Rohrman, D.F., 2009, Obama’s plan—Part clean, part green: Frontiers in Ecology, v. 7, p. 112.

Sanchirico, J.N., and Wilen, J.E., 2005, Optimal spatial management of renewable resources—

Matching policy scope to ecosystem scale: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 23–46.

Schmidt, R.C., and Marschinski, R., 2009, A model of technological breakthrough in the 

renewable energy sector: Ecological Economics, v. 69, p. 435–444.

Senior, K., 2009, Renewable energy—Generation creates jobs: Frontiers in Ecology, v. 11, p. 

459.

Sharples, F.E., 1983, Limitations on the renewability of renewable energy resources: 

Environment International, v. 9, no. 4, p. 301–305.
106

Shaw, D., Hung, M.-F., and Lin, Y.-H., 2010, Using net energy output as the base to develop 

renewable energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7504–7507.

Shen, Y.-C., Lin, G.T.R., Li, K.-P., and Yuan, B.J.C., 2010, An assessment of exploiting 

renewable energy sources with concerns of policy and technology: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 8, p. 4604–4616.

Shum, K.L., and Watanabe, C., 2010, Network externality perspective of feed-in-tariffs (FIT) 

instruments—Some observations and suggestions: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3266–

3269.

Skodvin, T., 2010, "Pivotal politics" in U.S. energy and climate legislation: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 8, p. 4214–4223.

Skoglund, A., Leijon, M., Rehn, A., Lindahl, M., and Waters, R., 2010, On the physics of 

power—Energy and economics of renewable electric energy sources—Part II: Renewable 

Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 1735–1740.

Smith, M.D., Sanchirico, J.N., and Wilen, J.E., 2009, The economics of spatial-dynamic 

processes—Applications to renewable resources: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 57, no. 1, p. 104–121.

Sovacool, B.K., 2010, A comparative analysis of renewable electricity support mechanisms for 

Southeast Asia: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1779–1793.

Szabó, S., Jäger-Waldau, A., and Szabo, L., 2010, Risk adjusted financial costs of photovoltaics: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3807–3819.

Tavner, P., 2008, Wind power as a clean-energy contributor: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 

4397–4400.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

Thornley, P., Upham, P., and Tomei, J., 2009, Sustainability constraints on U.K. bioenergy 

development: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5623–5635.

Trainer, F.E., 1995, Can renewable energy sources sustain affluent society?: Energy Policy, v. 

23, no. 12, p. 1009–1026.

Trainer, T., 2007, Renewable energy cannot sustain a consumer society: Dordrecht, Netherlands, 

Springer Publishing, 197 p.

Trainer, T., 2010, Can renewables etc. solve the greenhouse problem? The negative case: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4107–4114.
107

Trinnaman, J., and Clarke, A., 2009, Survey of energy resources—Interim update 2009: London, 

World Energy Council, 98 p.

United Kingdom Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008, Renewable 

energy awareness and attitudes research: London, Department for Business Enterprise 

and Regulatory Reform, 21 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2004, Guide to purchasing green power—Renewable electricity, 

renewable energy, certificates and on-site renewable generation: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, SEPA Green Power Partnership, World Resources Institute, 

Center for resources Solutions, 50 p.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006, Department of Energy—Key challenges remain 

for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies to meet future needs: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 73 p.

U.S. National Grid, 2008, The west’s renewable energy future—A contribution by National 

Grid: Washington, D.C., The U.S. National Grid, 47 p.

Vachon, S., and Menz, F.C., 2006, The role of social, political, and economic interests in 

promoting state green electricity policies: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 9, no. 6, p. 

652–662.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2007, Siting difficulty and renewable energy development—A case of gridlock?: 

Resources, v. 164, p. 5-7.

van der Horst, D., 2007, NIMBY or not? Exploring the relevance of location and the politics of 

voiced opinions in renewable energy siting controversies: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 

2705–2714.

Walker, G., Devine-Wright, P., Hunter, S., High, H., and Evans, B., 2010, Trust and 

community—Exploring the meanings, contexts and dynamics of community renewable 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2655–2663.

West, J., Bailey, I., and Winter, M., 2010, Renewable energy policy and public perceptions of 

renewable energy—A cultural theory approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5739–

5748.

Wiser, R.H., 2007, Using contingent valuation to explore willingness to pay for renewable 

energy—A comparison of collective and voluntary payment vehicles: Ecological 

Economics, v. 62, no. 3–4, p. 419–432.

Wolsink, M., 2007, Planning of renewables schemes—Deliberative and fair decision-making on 

landscape issues instead of reproachful accusations of non-cooperation: Energy Policy, v. 

35, no. 5, p. 2962–2704.
108

Zerriffi, H., and Wilson, E., 2010, Leapfrogging overdevelopment? Promoting rural renewables 

for climate change mitigation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 2689–1700.

Zhu, L., and Fan, Y., 2010, Optimization of China's generating portfolio and policy implications 

based on portfolio theory: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1391–1402.

Biomass Energy

Adler, P.R., Sanderson, M.A., Boateng, A.A., Weimer, P.I., and Jung, H.J.G., 2006, Biomass 

yield and biofuel quality of switchgrass harvested in fall or spring: Agronomy Journal, v. 

98, no. 6, p. 1518–1525.

Al-Kassir, A., Gañán-Gómez, J., Mohamad, A.A., and Cuerda-Correa, E.M., 2010, A study of 

energy production from cork residues—Sawdust, sandpaper dust and triturated wood: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 382–386.

Araujo, V., Hamacher, S., and Scavarda, L.F., 2010, Economic assessment of biodiesel 

production from waste frying oils: Bioresource Technology, v. 101, no. 12, p. 4415–

4422.

Aravindhakshan, S.C., Epplin, F.M., and Taliaferro, C.M., 2010, Economics of switchgrass and 

miscanthus relative to coal as feedstock for generating electricity: Biomass and 

BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1375–1383.

Argyropoulos, P., Aspy, D., Dennis, A., Blanchard, K., Brandes, W., Crossman, K., Davis, S., 

Eddinger, J., Goldstein, R., Grano, D., Maxwell, B., Perla, D., Ruiz, F., Voell, C., 

Wayland, R., Wood, G., Brennan, A., Haase, S., Putsche, V., Sheehan, J., Shepherd, P., 

Short, W., Wallace, B., Patton-Mallory, M., Swain, L., Byrnett, D.S., Mulholland, D, 

Zinsmeister, E., Doris, E., Milbrandt, A., Robichaud, R., Stanley, R., and Vimmerstedt, 

L., 2009, State bioenergy primer—Information and resources for states on issues, 

opportunities, and options for advancing bioenergy: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 104 p.

Barnthouse, L.W., Cada, G.F., Cheng, M.-D., Easterly, C.E., Kroodsma, R.L., Lee, R., Shriner, 

D.S., Tolbert, V.R., and Turner, R.S.,1998, Estimating externalities of biomass fuel 

cycles, Report 7: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 429 p.

Bellamy, P.E., Croxton, P.J., Heard, M.S., Hinsley, S.A., Hulmes, L., Hulmes, S., Nuttall, P., 

Pywell, R.F., and Rothery, P., 2009, The impact of growing miscanthus for biomass on 

farmland bird populations: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 191–199.

Bies, L., 2006, The biofuels explosion—Is green energy good for wildlife?: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1203–1205.

Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 2008, Increasing feedstock production for 

biofuels—Economic drivers, environmental implications, and the role of research: 

Washington, D.C., Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 167 p.
109

Blonz, J.A., Vajjhala, S.P., and Safirova, E., 2008, Growing complexities—A cross-sector 

review of U.S. biofuels policies and their interactions: Washington, D.C., Resources for 

the Future, 50 p.

Bocci, E., Carlo, A. Di, and Marcello, D., 2009, Power plant perspectives for sugarcane mills: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 689–698.

Borges Neto, M.R., Carvalho, P.C.M., Carioca, J.O.B., and Canafistula, F.J.F., 2010, 

Biogas/photovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4497–4506.

Braunstein, H.M., Kornegay, F.C., Roop, R.D., and Sharples, F.E., 1980, Environmental and 

health aspects of biomass energy systems, in Klass, D.L., and Emert, G.H., eds., Fuels 

from biomass and wastes: Ann Arbor, Mich., Ann Arbor Science Publishers, p. 463–504.

Campbell, J.E., and Block, E., 2010, Land-use and alternative bioenergy pathways for waste 

biomass: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 22, p. 8665–8669.

Cançado, J.E.D., Saldiva, P.H.N., Pereira, L.A.A., Lara, L.B.L.S., Artaxo, P., Martinelli, L.A., 

Arbex, M.A., Zanobetti, A, and Braga, A.L.F., 2006, The impact of sugar cane—

Burning emissions on the respiratory system of children and the elderly: Environmental 

Health Perspectives, v. 114, p. 725–729.

Cheenkachorn, K., and Fungtammasan, B., 2010, Development of engine oil using palm oil as a 

base stock for four-stroke engines: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2552–2556.

Coelho, S.T., Bolognini, M.F., Silva, O.C., and Paletta, C.E.M., 1999, Biofuels in Brazil—The 

current situation: Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), The National 

Reference Center on Biomass, 3 p.

Cook, J.H., Beyea, J., and Keeler, K.H., 1991, Potential impacts of biomass production in the 

United States on biological diversity: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 

16, p. 401–431.

Cooper, J.T., 1998, Biomass power for rural development—Quarterly report, April 3–July 1, 

1998: Centerville, Iowa, Chariton Valley Resource Conservation and Development, 50 p.

Cooper, J.T., 2000, Biomass power for rural development—Quarterly report, July 1, 1999–

September 30, 1999: Centerville, Iowa, Chariton Valley Resource Conservation and 

Development, 29 p.

Cuppen, E., Breukers, S., Hisschemöller, M., and Bergsma, E., 2009, Q methodology to select 

participants for a stakeholder dialogue on energy options from biomass in the 

Netherlands: Ecological Economics, v. 69, p. 579–591.
110

Day, D., Evans, R.J., Lee, J.W., and Reicosky, D., 2005, Economical CO2, SOx, and NOx capture 

from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and largescale carbon sequestration: Energy, v. 30, no. 14, p. 2558–2579.

Dean, J., Braun, R., Munoz, D., Penev, M., and Kinchin, C. 2010, Analysis of hybrid hydrogen 

systems—Final report: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 82 p.

Delzeit, R., and Holm-Müller, K., 2009, Steps to discern sustainability criteria for a certification 

scheme of bioethanol in Brazil—Approach and difficulties: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 662–

668.

Ditomaso, J.M., Reaser, J.K., Dionigi, C.P., Doering, O.C., Chilton, E., Schardt, J.D., and 

Barney, J.N., 2010, Biofuel vs. bioinvasion—Seeding policy priorities: Environmental 

Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 18, p. 6906–6910.

Erb, K.H., Krausmann, F., Lucht, W., and Haberl, H., 2009, Embodies HANPP—Mapping the 

spatial disconnect between global biomass production and consumption: Ecological 

Economics, v. 69, no. 2, p. 328–334.

Farrell, A.E., and Gopal, A.R., 2008, Bioenergy research needs for heat, electricity, and liquid 

fuels: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 373–380.

Flechsenhar, M., and Sasse, C., 1995, Solar gasification of biomass using oil shale and coal as 

candidate materials: Energy, v. 20, no. 8, p. 803–810.

Frombo, F., Minciardi, R., Robba, M., and Sacile, R., 2009, A decision support system for 

planning biomass-based energy production: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 362–369.

Galembeck, F., 2010, Synergy in food, fuels, and materials production from biomass: Energy & 

Environmental Science, v. 3, no. 4, p. 393–399.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

Gates, B.C., Huber, G.W., Marshall, C.L., Ross, P.N., Siirola, J., and Wang, Y., 2008, Catalysts 

for emerging energy applications: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 429–

435.

Gaucherel, C., Griffon, S., Mission, L., and Houet, T., 2010, Combining process-based models 

for future biomass assessment at landscape scale: Landscape Ecology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 

201–215.

Gautam, S., Pulkki, R., Shahi, C., and Leitch, M., 2010, Economic and energy efficiency of 

salvaging biomass from wildfire burnt areas for bioenergy production in northwestern 

Ontario—A case study: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1562–1572.
111

Gerbens-Leenes, P.W., Hoekstra, A.Y., and Van der Meer, Th., 2008, The water footprint of 

energy from biomass—A quantitative assessment and consequences of an increasing 

share of bio-energy in energy supply: Ecological Economics, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1052–1060.

Goldemberg, J., Johansson, T.B., Reddy, A.K.N., and Williams, R.H., 1985, An end-use oriented 

global energy strategy: Annual Review of Energy, v. 10, p. 613–688.

Graham, R.L., 1994, The regional environmental impact of biomass production: Oak Ridge, 

Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 36 p.

Graham, R.L., 2007, Forecasting the magnitude of sustainable biofeedstock supplies—The 

challenges and the rewards: Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, v. 1, no. 4, p. 255–263.

Halder, P., Pietarinen, J., Havu-Nuutinen, S., and Pelkonen, P., 2010, Young citizens’ knowledge 

and perceptions of bioenergy and future policy implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, 

p. 3058–3066.

Hedvall, R., and Erlandsson, B., 1992, Radioactivity in peat fuel and ash from a peat-fired power 

plant: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 16, no. 3, p. 205–228.

Hess, J.R., Foust, T.D., Hoskinson, R., and Thompson, D., 2003, Roadmap for agriculture 

biomass feedstock supply in the United States: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of 

Energy, 105 p.

Hoogwijk, M., Faaij, A., van den Broek, R., Berndes, G., Gielen, D., and Turkenburg, W., 2003, 

Exploration of the ranges of the global potential of biomass for energy: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 119–133.

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Jensen, K., Clark, C.D., Ellis, P., English, B., Menard, J., Walsh, M., and Ugarte, D., 2007, 

Farmer willingness to grow switchgrass for energy production: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 

31, no. 11-12, p. 773–781.

Jurascík, M., Sues, A., and Ptasinski, K.J., 2010, Exergy analysis of synthetic natural gas 

production method from biomass: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 880–888.

Kaufman, A.S., Meier, P.J., Sinistore, J.C., and Reinemann, D.J., 2010, Applying life-cycle 

assessment to low carbon fuel standards—How allocation choices influence carbon 

intensity for renewable transportation fuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5229–5241.

Karamarkovic, R., and Karamarkovic, V., 2010, Energy and exergy analysis of biomass 

gasification at different temperatures: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 537–549.

Kleiner, K., 2007, The backlash against biofuels: Nature Reports Climate Change, 9 p.
112

Klimantos, P., Koukouzas, N., Katsiadakis, A., and Kakaras, E., 2009, Air-blown biomass 

gasification combined cycles (BGCC) system analysis and economic assessment: Energy, 

v. 34, no. 5, p. 708–714.

Lehmann, J., 2007, Bio-energy in the black: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 5, no. 

7, p. 381–387.

Lindfeldt, E.G., and Westermark, M.O., 2008, System study of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in 

bio-based motor fuel production: Energy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 352–361.

Mani, S., Sokhansanj, S., Tagore, S., and Turhollow, A.F., 2009, Techno-economic analysis of 

using corn stover to supply heat and power to a corn ethanol plant—Part 2—Cost of heat 

and power generation systems: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 356–364.

Martinsen, D., Funk, C., and Linssen, J., 2010, Biomass for transportation fuels—A costeffective option for the German energy supply?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 1, p. 128–140.

Mason, I.G., Page, S.C., and Williamson W.G., 2010, A 100% renewable electricity generation 

system for New Zealand utilizing hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass resources: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3973–3984.

McLaughlin, S.B., and Walsh, M.E., 1998, Evaluating environmental consequences of producing 

herbaceous crops for bioenergy: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 14, no. 4, p. 317–324.

Milbrandt, A., and Overend, R.P., 2008, Future of liquid biofuels for APEC Economies: Golden, 

Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 103 p.

Murray, L.D., Best, L.B., Jacobsen, T.J., and Braster, M.L., 2003, Potential effects on grassland 

birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 167–175.

National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research 

Council, 2009, Liquid transportation fuels from coal and biomass—Technological status, 

costs, and environmental impacts: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 388 p.

Nautiyal, S., and Kaechele, H., 2008, Fuel switching from wood to LPG can benefit the 

environment: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 28, no. 8, p. 523–532.

Oughton, J.R., 2009, Biomass energy from perennial grasses—An assessment: Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 41, no. 4, p. 19.

Paine, L.K., Peterson, T.L., Undersander, D.J., Rineer, K.C., Bartelt, G.A., Temple, S.A., 

Sample., D.W., and Klemme, R.M., 1996, Some ecological and socio-economic 

considerations for biomass energy crop production: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 10, no. 4, 

p. 231–242.
113

Parker, N., Tittmann, P., Hart, Q., Nelson, R., Skog, K., Schmidt, A., Gray, E., and Jenkins, B., 

2010, Development of a biorefinery optimized biofuel supply curve for the Western 

United States: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1597–1607.

Pickard, W.F., 2009, The future of biomass energy—A Fermi-calculation perspective: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1672–1674.

Pootakham, T., and Kumar, A., 2010, A comparison of pipeline versus truck transport of bio-oil: 

Bioresource Technology, v. 101, no. 1, p. 414–421.

Prins, M.J., Ptasinski, K.J., and Janssen, F.J.J.G., 2007, From coal to biomass gasification—

Comparison of thermodynamic efficiency: Energy, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1248–1259.

Rajagopal, D., Hochman, G., and Zilberman, D., 2011, Indirect fuel use change (IFUC) and the 

lifecycle environmental impact of biofuel policies: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 228–

233.

Randolph, J.C., and Fowler, G.L., 1983, Energy policies and biomass resources in the AsiaPacific region: Public Administration Review, v. 43, no. 6, p. 528–536.

Ren, H., Zhou, W., Nakagami, K., and Gao, W., 2010, Integrated design and evaluation of 

biomass energy system taking into consideration demand side characteristics: Energy, v. 

35, no. 5, p. 2210–2222.

Roth, A.M., Sample, D.W., Ribic, C.A., Paine, L., Undersander, D.J., and Bartelt, G.A., 2005, 

Grassland bird response to harvesting switchgrass as a biomass energy crop: Biomass & 

Bioenergy, v. 28, no. 5, p. 490–498.

Sager, A.D., and Kartha, S., 2007, Bioenergy and sustainable development?: Annual Review of 

Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 131–167.

Schubert, R., and Blasch, J., 2010, Sustainability standards for bioenergy—A means to reduce 

climate change risks?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2797–2805.

Sharples, F.E., 1981, Energy from agricultural biomass—Grasping at straws?: Bulletin of the 

Ecological Society of America, v. 62, no. 1, p. 14–18.

Sherrington, C., and Moran, D., 2010, Modeling farmer uptake of perennial energy crops in the 

U.K.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3567–3578.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds— Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Silalertruksa, T., and Gheewala, S.H., 2009, Environmental sustainability assessment of bioethanol production in Thailand: Energy, v. 34, no. 11, p.1933–1946.
114

Sorda, G., Banse, M., and Kemfert, C., 2010, An overview of biofuel policies across the world: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6977–6988.

Subhadra, B., and Edwards, M., 2010, An integrated renewable energy park approach for algal 

biofuel production in United States: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4897–4902.

Suyama, H., Benes, S.E., Robinson, P.H., Getachew, G., Grattan, S.R., and Grieve, C.M., 2007, 

Biomass yield and nutritional quality of forage species under long-term irrigation with 

saline-sodic drainage water—Field evaluation: Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 

135, no. 3–4, p. 329–345.

Timmons, D., and Mejía, C.V., 2010, Biomass energy from wood chips—Diesel fuel 

dependence?: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1419–1425.

Tolbert, V.R., and Wright, L.L., 1998, Environmental enhancement of U.S. biomass crop 

technologies—Research results to date: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 15, no. 1, p. 93–100.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2006, Siting renewable energy facilities—A spatial analysis of promises and 

pitfalls: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 20 p.

van Dyken, S., Bakken, B.H., and Skjelbred, H.I., 2010, Linear mixed-integer models for 

biomass supply chains with transport, storage, and processing: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 

1338–1350.

Venturini, P., Borello, D., Iossa, C., Lentini, D., and Rispoli, F., 2010, Modeling of multiphase 

combustion and deposit formation in a biomass-fed furnace: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 

3008–3021.

Wright, L., Boundy, B., Perlack, B., Davis, S., and Saulsbury, B., 2006, Biomass energy data 

book—Edition 1: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 188 p.

Wyman, C.E., 2008, Cellulosic ethanol—A unique sustainable liquid transportation fuel: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 381–383.

Zhang, G.J., and Long, W.D., 2010, A key review on energy analysis and assessment of biomass 

resources for a sustainable future: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2948–2955.

Biofuel

Adler, P.R., Sanderson, M.A., Boateng, A.A., Weimer, P.I., and Jung, H.J.G., 2006, Biomass 

yield and biofuel quality of switchgrass harvested in fall or spring: Agronomy Journal, v. 

98, no. 6, p. 1518–1525.

Ajanovic, A., and Haas, R., 2010, Economic challenges for the future relevance of biofuels in 

transport in E.U. countries: Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 3340–3348.
115

Becker, D.R., Skog, K., Hellman, A., Halvorsen, K.E., and Mace, T., 2009, An outlook for 

sustainable forest bioenergy production in the Lake States: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, 

p. 5687–5693.

Bies, L., 2006, The biofuels explosion—Is green energy good for wildlife?: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1203–1205.

Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 2008, Increasing feedstock production for 

biofuels—Economic drivers, environmental implications, and the role of research: 

Washington, D.C., Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 167 p.

Blonz, J.A., Vajjhala, S.P., and Safirova, E., 2008, Growing complexities—A cross-sector 

review of U.S. biofuels policies and their interactions: Washington, D.C., Resources for 

the Future, 50 p.

Bocci, E., Carlo, A. Di, and Marcello, D., 2009, Power plant perspectives for sugarcane mills: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 689–698.

Boersema, J., Blowers, A., and Martin, A., 2007, Biofuels and perverse subsidies—Fuelling the 

wrong solutions?: Environmental Sciences, v. 4, no. 4, p. 195–198.

Bureau, J.C., Disdier, A.C., Gauroy, C., and Treguer, D., 2010, A quantitative assessment of the 

determinants of the net energy value of biofuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2282–

2290.

Carolan, M.S., 2009, A sociological look at biofuels—Ethanol in the early decades of the 

twentieth century and lessons for today: Rural Sociology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 86–112.

Carolan, M.S., 2009, Ethanol versus gasoline—The contestation and closure of a socio-technical 

system in the USA: Social Studies of Science, v. 39, p. 421–448. 

Chang, T.–H., and Su, H.–M., 2010, The substitutive effect of biofuels on fossil fuels in the 

lower and higher crude oil price periods: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2807–2813.

Chen, K.-S., Lin, Y.-C., Hsieh, L.-T., Lin, L.-F. , and Wu, C.-C., 2010, Saving energy and 

reducing pollution by use of emulsified palm-biodiesel blends with bio-solution additive: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2043–2048.

Clausen, L.R., Houbak, N., and Elmegaard, B., 2010, Technoeconomic analysis of a methanol 

plant based on gasification of biomass and electrolysis of water: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 

2338–2347. 

Coyle, W., 2010, Next-biofuels—Near-term challenges and implications for agriculture: 

Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Agriculture, BIO–01–01, 26 p.
116

Dale, B.E., Bals, B.D., Kim, S., and Eranki, P., 2010, Biofuels done right—Land efficient animal 

feeds enable large environmental and energy benefits: Environmental Science and 

Technology, v. v. 44, no. 22, 11 p.

Delshad, A.B., Raymond, L., Sawicki, V., and Wegener, D.T., 2010, Public attitudes toward 

political and technological options for biofuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3414–

3425.

Dias de Oliveira, M.E., Vaughan, B.E., and Rykiel Jr., E.J., 2005, Ethanol as fuel—Energy, 

carbon dioxide balances, and ecological footprint: Bioscience, v. 55, no. 7, p. 593–602.

European Environmental Bureau, 2002, Biofuels are not green enough!: Brussels, Belgium,

European Environmental Bureau (EEB) Position Paper, 6 p.

Elena, G.-d.-C., and Esther, V., 2010, From water to energy—The virtual water content and 

water footprint of biofuel consumption in Spain: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1345–

1352.

Energy Information Administration, 2009, Energy in brief—What everyone should know about 

energy: Washington, D.C., Energy Information Administration, 2 p.

Felix, E., and Tilley, D.R., 2009, Integrated energy, environmental and financial analysis of 

ethanol production from cellulosic switchgrass: Energy, v. 34, no. 4, p. 410–436.

Fletcher Jr., R.J., Robertson, B.A., Evans, J., Schemske, D.J., and Alavalapati Doran, P., 2010, 

Biodiversity conservation in the era of biofuels—Risks and opportunities: Frontiers in 

Ecology and the Environment, v. 9, no. 3, 12 p.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

Gassner, M., and Maréchal, F., 2008, Thermo-economic optimization of the integration of 

electrolysis in synthetic natural gas production from wood: Energy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 189–

198.

Gonçalves da Silva, C., 2010, Renewable energies—Choosing the best options: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 8, p. 3179–3193.

Graham, R.L., 2007, Forecasting the magnitude of sustainable biofeedstock supplies—The 

challenges and the rewards: Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, v. 1, no. 4, p. 255–263.

Gui, M.M., Lee, K.T., and Bhatia, S., 2008, Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste 

edible oil as biodiesel feedstock: Energy, v. 33, no. 11, p. 1646–1653.
117

Gül, T., 2009, An energy-economic scenario analysis of alternative fuels for personal transport 

using the Global Multi-regional MARKAL model (GMM): Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 

1423–1437.

Gust, D., Moore, A., Kramer, D., Moore, T.A., and Vermaas, W., 2008, Engineered and artificial 

photosynthesis—Human ingenuity enters the game: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 

33, no. 4, p. 383–387.

Gustafson, C., and Shaik, S., 2009, Distressed rural housing—Is economic, farm, or biofuel 

policy more influential in leading a recovery: American Journal of Agricultural 

Economics, v. 91, no. 5, p. 1187–1193.

Halmann, M., and Steinfeld, A., 2006, Fuel saving, carbon dioxide emission avoidance, and 

syngas production by tri-reforming of flue gases from coal- and gas-fired power stations, 

and by the carbothermic reduction of iron oxide: Energy, v. 31, no. 15, p. 3171–3185.

Hennenberg, K.J., Dragisic, C., Haye, S., Hewson, J., Semroc, B., Savy, C., Wiegmann, K., 

Fehrenbach, H., and Fritsche, U.R., 2010, The power of bioenergy-related standards to 

protect biodiversity: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 412–423.

Hill, J., 2007, Environmental costs and benefits of transportation biofuel production from foodand lignocellulose-based energy crops—A review: Agronomy for Sustainable 

Development, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Kaufman, A.S., Meier, P.J., Sinistore, J.C., and Reinemann, D.J., 2010, Applying life-cycle 

assessment to low carbon fuel standards—How allocation choices influence carbon 

intensity for renewable transportation fuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5229–5241.

Koshel, P., and McAllister, K., 2010, Expanding biofuel production—Sustainability and the 

transition to advanced biofuels—Summary of a workshop: Washington, D.C., National 

Academies Press, 178 p.

Kusiima, J.M., and Powers, S.E., 2010, Monetary value of the environmental and health 

externalities associated with production of ethanol from biomass feedstocks: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2785–2796.

Mani, S., Sokhansanj, S., Tagore, S., and Turhollow, A.F., 2009, Techno-economic analysis of 

using corn stover to supply heat and power to a corn ethanol plant—Part 2—Cost of heat 

and power generation systems: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 356–364.

Marland, G., and Turhollow, A.F., 1991, CO2 emissions from the production and combustion of 

fuel ethanol from corn: Energy, v. 16, no. 11-12, p. 1307–1316.
118

Menetrez, M.Y., 2010, The potential environmental impact of waste from cellulosic ethanol 

production: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, v. 60, no. 2, p. 245–

250.

Milbrandt, A., and Overend, R.P., 2008, Future of liquid biofuels for APEC Economies: Golden, 

Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 103 p.

Miller, S.A., Landis, A.E., and Theis, T.L., 2007, Environmental trade-offs of biobased 

production: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 15, p. 5176–5182.

Morris, R.E., Pollac, A.K., Mansell, G.E., Lindhjem, C., Jia, Y., and Wilson, G., 2003, Impact of 

biodiesel fuels on air quality and human health: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 27 p.

National Research Council, 2008, Water implications of biofuels production in the United States: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 87 p.

Ong, Y.K., and Bhatia, S., 2010, The current status and perspectives of biofuel production via 

catalytic cracking of edible and non-edible oils: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 111–119.

Peiró a, L.T., Méndez, V.G., Sciubba, E., and Durany, X.G.i., 2010, Extended exergy accounting 

applied to biodiesel production: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2861–2869.

Pimentel, D. ed., 2008, Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems—Benefits and 

risks: Springer Publishing, 506 p.

Piñeiro, G., Jobbágy, E.G., Baker, J., Murray, B.C., and Jackson, R.B., 2009, Set-asides can be 

better climate investment than corn ethanol: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 2, p. 277–

282.

Propheter, J.L., Staggenborg, S.A., Wu, X., and Wang, D., 2010, Performance of annual and 

perennial biofuel crops—Yield during the first two years: Agronomy Journal, v. 102, no. 

2, p. 806–814.

Ragaglini, G., Triana, F., Villani, R., and Bonari, E., 2011, Can sunflower provide biofuel for 

inland demand? An integrated assessment of sustainability at regional scale: Energy, v. 

36, no. 4, p. 2111-2118.

Ros, J.P.M., Overmars, K.P., Stehfest, E., Notenboom, J., and Oorschot, M.van., 2010, 

Identifying the indirect effects of bio-energy production: Bilthoven, Netherlands, 

Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 10 p. 

Safaei Mohamadabadi, H., Tichkowsky, G., and Kumar, A., 2009, Development of a multicriteria assessment model for ranking of renewable and non-renewable transportation fuel 

vehicles: Energy, v. 34, no. 1, p. 112–125.
119

Sager, A.D., and Kartha, S., 2007, Bioenergy and sustainable development?: Annual Review of 

Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 131–167.

Savvanidou, E., Zervas, E., and Tsagarakis, K.P., 2010, Public acceptance of biofuels: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3482–3488.

Secchi, S., Gassman, P.W., Williams, J.R., and Babcock, B.A., 2009, Corn-based ethanol 

production and environmental quality—A case of Iowa and the conservation reserve 

program: Environmental Management, v. 44, no. 4, p. 732–744.

Sedjo, R.A., 2007, From oilfields to energy farms—A brief look at the environmental 

consequences of biofuels: Resources, v. 166, p. 16-19.

Sengers, F., Raven, R.P.J.M., and Venrooij, A.V., 2010, From riches to rags—Biofuels, media 

discourses, and resistance to sustainable energy technologies: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, 

p. 5013–5027.

Shapouri, H., Duffield, J.A., and Wang, M., 2002, The energy balance of corn ethanol—An 

update—Agricultural economic report: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Office of the Chief Economist, Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, 20 p.

Sharan, A.M., 2009, On checking the rising global food prices due to bio-fuels using solar 

energy: Energy & Environment, v. 20, p. 1389–1396.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Sorda, G., Banse, M., and Kemfert, C., 2010, An overview of biofuel policies across the world: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6977–6988.

Spangenberg, J.H., and Sehele, J., 2009, Biofuels—Steer clear of degraded land: Science, v. 326, 

no. 5958, p. 1346.

Suurs, R.A.A., and Hekkert, M.P., 2009, Competition between first and second generation 

technologies—Lessons from the formation of a biofuels innovation system in the 

Netherlands: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 669–679.

Tao, J., Dai, C.-C., and Jiang, B.-J., 2009, The current status and prospect of biodiesel: Energy & 

Environment, v. 20, p. 1397–1405.

Taylor, G., 2008, Biofuels and the biorefinery concept: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4406–

4409.

Tyner, W.E., Taheripour, F., and Perkis, D., 2010, Comparison of fixed versus variable biofuels 

incentives: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5530–5540.
120

U.S. Department of Energy, 2002, Review of transportation issues and comparison of 

infrastructure costs for a renewable fuels standard: Washington, D.C., Office of 

Integrated Analysis and Forecasting of the Energy Information Administration, 15 p.

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.

Walter, A., and Ensinas, A.V., 2010, Combined production of second-generation biofuels and 

electricity from sugarcane residues: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 874–879.

Whistance, J., and Thompson, W., 2010, How does increased corn-ethanol production affect 

U.S. natural gas prices?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2315–2325.

Wright, L., Boundy, B., Perlack, B., Davis, S., and Saulsbury, B., 2006, Biomass energy data 

book—Edition 1: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 188 p.

Wyman, C.E., 2008, Cellulosic ethanol—A unique sustainable liquid transportation fuel: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 381–383.

Zhang, Z., Qiu, C., and Wetzstein, M., 2010, Blend-wall economics—Relaxing U.S. ethanol 

regulations can lead to increased use of fossil fuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3426–

3430.

Hydrogen

Afgan, N.H., and Carvalho, M.G., 2004, Sustainability assessment of hydrogen energy systems: 

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v. 29, no. 13, p. 1327–1342.

Barbir, F., 2009, Transition to renewable energy systems with hydrogen as an energy carrier: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 308–312.

Bleischwitz, R., and Bader, N., 2010, Policies for the transition towards a hydrogen economy—

The E.U. case: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5388–5398.

Chernyavs'ka, L., and Gullì, F., 2010, Measuring the environmental benefits of hydrogen 

transportation fuel cycles under uncertainty about external costs: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 10, p. 5335–5345.

Cox, K.E., and Williamson Jr., K.D., 1979, Implications of hydrogen energy: Cleveland, Ohio, 

CRC Press, 129 p.

Crabtree, G.W., and Dresselhaus, M.S., 2008, The hydrogen fuel alternative: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 421–428.

Day, D., Evans, R.J., Lee, J.W., and Reicosky, D., 2005, Economical CO2, SOx, and NOx capture 

from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and largescale carbon sequestration: Energy, v. 30, no. 14, p. 2558–2579.
121

Dean, J., Braun, R., Munoz, D., Penev, M., and Kinchin, C. 2010, Analysis of hybrid hydrogen 

systems—Final report: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 82 p.

Domenichini, R., Gallio, M., and Lazzaretto, A., 2010, Combined production of hydrogen and 

power from heavy oil gasification—Pinch analysis, thermodynamic and economic 

evaluations: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2184–2193.

Edwards, P.P., Kuznetsov, V.L., David, W.I.F., and Brandon, N.P., 2008, Hydrogen and fuel 

cells—Towards a sustainable energy future: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4356–4362.

Gerboni, R., and Salvador, E., 2009, Hydrogen transportation systems—Elements of risk 

analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2223–2229.

Giannantoni, C., 2009, Ordinal benefits vs. economic benefits as a reference guide for policy 

decision making—The case of hydrogen technologies: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2230–

2239.

Gül, T., 2009, An energy-economic scenario analysis of alternative fuels for personal transport 

using the Global Multi-regional MARKAL model (GMM): Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 

1423–1437.

Haeseldonckx, D., and D'Haeseleer, W., 2010, Using renewables and the co-production of 

hydrogen and electricity from CCS-equipped IGCC facilities as a stepping stone towards 

the early development of a hydrogen economy: International Journal of Hydrogen 

Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 861–871.

Halmann, M., and Steinfeld, A., 2006, Fuel saving, carbon dioxide emission avoidance, and 

syngas production by tri-reforming of flue gases from coal- and gas-fired power stations, 

and by the carbothermic reduction of iron oxide: Energy, v. 31, no. 15, p. 3171–3185.

Kikuchi, R., 2006, Penetration of hydrogen-based energy system and its potential for causing 

global environmental change—Scoping risk analysis based on life cycle thinking: 

Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 26, no. 2, p. 206–218.

Morfin, F., Sabroux, J.-C., and Renouprez, A., 2004, Catalytic combustion of hydrogen for 

mitigating hydrogen risk in case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant—Study of 

catalysts poisoning in a representative atmosphere: Applied Catalysis B—Environmental, 

v. 47, no. 1, p. 47–58.

Mori, S., and Saito, T., 2004, Potentials of hydrogen and nuclear towards global warming 

mitigation—Expansion of an integrated assessment model MARIA and simulations: 

Energy Economics, v. 26, no. 4, p. 565–578.

Nakayama, T., Tomura, S., Ozaki, M., Ohmura, R., and Mori, Y.H., 2010, Engineering 

investigation of hydrogen storage in the form of clathrate hydrates—Conceptual design 

of hydrate production plants: Energy & Fuels, v. 24, p. 2576–2588.
122

Newell, R.G., 2005, The hydrogen economy—Laying out the groundwork: Resources, v. 156, p. 

20-23.

Petrescu, S., Petre, C., Costea, M., Malancioiu, O., Boriaru, N., Dobrovicescu, A., Fiedt, M., and 

Harman, C., 2010, A methodology of computation, design and optimization of solar 

Stirling power plant using hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 729–739.

Pizer, W.A., 2005, Setting energy policy in the modern era: Resources, v. 156, p. 8–10.

Ricci, M., Bellaby, P., and Flynn, R., 2010, Engaging the public on paths to sustainable energy—

Who has to trust whom?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2633–2640.

Shaw, S., and Mazzucchelli, P., 2010, Evaluating the perspectives for hydrogen energy uptake in 

communities—Success criteria and their application: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5359–5371.

Sherry-Brennan, F., Devine-Wright, H., and Devine-Wright, P., 2010, Public understanding of 

hydrogen energy—A theoretical approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5311–5319.

Sjardin, M., Damen, K.J., and Faaij, A.P.C., 2006, Techno-economic prospects of small-scale 

membrane reactors in a future hydrogen-fuelled transportation sector: Energy, v. 31, no. 

14, p. 2523–2555.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2009, Approved resource management plan 

amendments/record of decision (ROD) for designation of energy corridors on Bureau of 

Land Management-administered lands in the 11 western states: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Bureau of Land Management, 104 p.

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.

Veziroglu, T.N., 2007, 21st century's energy—Hydrogen energy system—Assessment of 

hydrogen energy for sustainable development: Security through Science Series, v. 2007, 

p. 9–31.

Yetano Roche, M., Mourato, S., Fischedick, M., Pietzner, K., and Viebahn, P., 2010, Public 

attitudes towards and demand for hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles—A review of the 

evidence and methodological implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5301–5310.

Geothermal Energy

Arnorsson, S., 2004, Environmental impact of geothermal energy utilization, in Giere, R. and 

Stille, P., eds., Energy, waste, and the environment—A geochemical perspective: 

London, Geological Society, p. 297–336.
123

Brownell, J.A., 1981, Cumulative biological impacts of The Geysers geothermal development: 

Sacramento, Calif., California Energy Resources Conservation and Development 

Commission, 142 p.

Churchman, C.W., Nelson, H.G., and Eacret, K., 1977, Value distribution assessment of 

geothermal development in Lake County, CA: Berkeley, Calif., California University, 

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 114 p.

Company, T.P., 1987, Puna geothermal venture project environmental impact statement: Irvine, 

Calif., Fluor Technology, Inc., 635 p.

Davis, A.P., and Michaelides, E.E., 2009, Geothermal power production from abandoned oil 

wells: Energy, v. 34, no. 7, p. 866–872.

Davis, R.J., Conover, M.F., Keeney, R.C., Personett, M.L., and Richmann, D.L., 1981, Texas 

geothermal R.D. and D program planning support document—Final report: Austin, Tex., 

Radian Corporation, 270 p.

Doris, E., Kreycik, C., and Young, K., 2009, Policy overview and options for maximizing the 

role of policy in geothermal electricity development: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 42 p.

Energy Resources Co., E.R., 1982, Onshore permitting systems analysis for coal, oil, gas, 

geothermal and oil shale leases: Cambridge, Mass., Energy Resources Co., Inc., 636 p.

Glenn, F.M., Boston, C.R., Burns, J.C., Hagan Jr., C.W., Saulsbury, J.W., and Wolfe, A.K., 

1995, Bibliography of documents and related materials collected for the Hawaii 

geothermal project environmental impact statement: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 62 p.

Hannah, L., 1986, Protection policy for Hawaii native wildlife during geothermal-energy 

development: Environmental Management, v. 10, no. 5, p. 611–621.

Mariita, N.O., 2002, The impact of large-scale renewable energy development on the poor—

Environmental and socio-economic impact of a geothermal power plant on a poor rural 

community in Kenya: Energy Policy, v. 30, no. 11–12, p. 1119–1128.

Mason, I.G., Page, S.C., and Williamson W.G., 2010, A 100% renewable electricity generation 

system for New Zealand utilizing hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass resources: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3973–3984.

Shin, J., Kim, K.–H., Lee, K–.K., and Kim, H–.S., 2010, Assessing temperature of riverbank 

filtrate water for geothermal energy utilization: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2430–2439.

Sims, R.E.H., 2008, Hydropower, geothermal, and ocean energy: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 389–395.
124

Stephens, J.C., and Jiusto, S., 2009, Assessing innovation in emerging energy technologies—

Socio-technical dynamics of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced geothermal 

systems (EGS) in the U.S.A.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 2020–2031.

Teodoriu, C., and Falcone, G., 2008, Increasing geothermal energy demand—The need for 

urbanization of the drilling industry: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 28, 

no. 3, p. 227–235.

Thórhallsdóttir, T.E., 2007, Environment and energy in Iceland—A comparative analysis of 

values and impacts: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 27, no. 6, p. 522–544.

Thórhallsdóttir, T.E., 2007, Strategic planning at the national level—Evaluating and ranking 

energy projects by environmental impact: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 

27, no. 6, p. 545–568.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006, Department of Energy—Key challenges remain 

for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies to meet future needs: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 73 p.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2006, Siting renewable energy facilities—A spatial analysis of promises and 

pitfalls: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 20 p.

Hydroelectric Energy

Abdullah, M.O., Yung, V.C., Anyi, M., Othman, A.K., Hamid, K.B.Ab., and Tarawe, J., 2010, 

Review and comparison study of hybrid diesel/solar/hydro/fuel cell energy schemes for a 

rural ICT Telecenter: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 639–646.

Banfi, S., and Filippini, M., 2010, Resource rent taxation and benchmarking—A new perspective 

for the Swiss hydropower sector: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2302–2308.

Bardsley, W.E., 1994, Power from groundwater: Journal of Hydrology, v. 162, no. 1-2, p. 191–

196.

Berkes, F., 1981, Some environmental and social impacts of the James Bay hydroelectric project, 

Canada: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 157–172.

Bissell, G., and Wood, M., 1985, Wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigation plan for the Thompson 

Falls hydroelectric project—Final report—Impact Assessment and Mitigation Plan:

Thompson Falls Dam Hydroelectric Project, 27 p.

Denault, M., Dupuis, D., and Couture-Cardinal, S., 2009, Complementarity of hydro and wind 

power—Improving the risk profile of energy inflows: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 

5376–5384.

Erskine, G.S., 1978, A future for hydropower: Environment, v. 20, no. 2, p.32–39.
125

Fraenkel, P.L., 2006, Tidal current energy technologies: Ibis, v. 148, p. 145–151.

Gowan, C., Stephenson, K., Shabman, L., and Gowan, C., 2006, The role of ecosystem valuation 

in environmental decision making—Hydropower relicensing and dam removal on the 

Elwha River: Ecological Economics, v. 56, no. 4, p. 508–523.

Jackson, C.R., and Pringle, C.M., 2010, Ecological benefits of reduced hydrologic connectivity 

in intensively developed landscapes: BioScience, v. 60, no. 1, p. 37–46.

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Kosnik, L., 2010, The potential for small scale hydropower development in the U.S.: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5512–5519.

Kotchen, M., Moore, M., Lupi, F., and Rutherford, E., 2006, Environmental constraints on 

hydropower—An ex post benefit-cost analysis of dam relicensing in Michigan: Land 

Economics, v. 82, no. 3, p. 384–403.

Lee, J.-S., and Yoo, S.-H., 2009, Measuring the environmental costs of tidal power plant 

construction—A choice experiment study: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5069–5074.

Lerer, L.B., and Scudder, T., 1999, Health impacts of large dams: Environmental Impact 

Assessment Review, v. 19, no. 2, p. 113–123.

Loomis, J., and Feldman, M., 1995, An economic approach to giving equal consideration to 

environmental values in FERC hydropower relicensing: Rivers 0898–8048, v. 5, no. 2, p. 

96–108. 

Martínez, A., Uche, J., and Valero-Delgado, A., 2010, Environmental costs of a river watershed 

within the European water framework directive—Results from physical hydronomics: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1008–1016.

Mason, I.G., Page, S.C., and Williamson W.G., 2010, A 100% renewable electricity generation 

system for New Zealand utilizing hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass resources: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3973–3984.

Michael, R.M., Elizabeth, B.M., and David, W.K., 2001, Testing theories of agency behavior—

Evidence from hydropower project relicensing—Decisions of the Federal Energy 

Regulatory Commission: Land Economics, v. 77, no. 3, p. 423–442.

Mitchnick, A.D., 1999, Hydropower relicensing and endangered species—Potential conflicts and 

opportunities in the new millennium, in Waterpower ’99—Hydro’s future—Technology, 

markets, and policy, Las Vegas, Nev., July 1999, Proceedings: Reston, Va., American 

Society of Civil Engineers Conference Proceedings, v. 101, 55 p.
126

National Research Council, 2008, Integrating multiscale observations of U.S. waters: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 210 p.

Noyes, J.H., and Potter, M.S., 1986, Wildlife and wildlife habitat loss assessment at federal 

hydroelectric facilities, Willamette River Basin, Oregon: Oregon Department of Fish and 

Wildlife, Environmental Management Section, 30 p.

Overby, S.T., and Overby, C.D., 2005, Native fish restoration of a southwest stream following 

decommissioning of a hydroelectric facilityManaging watersheds for human and natural 

impacts—Engineering, ecological, and economic challenges, in Watershed management 

conference, Billings, Mont., July 2005, Proceedings: Reston, Va., American Society of 

Civil Engineers, Proceedings of Watershed 2005, 60 p.

Simons, R.K., and Simons, D.B., 1997, Is there a role for science in hydropower relicensing?: 

Proceedings of the International Conference on Hydropower–Waterpower, v. 2, p. 915–

924.

Sims, R.E.H., 2008, Hydropower, geothermal, and ocean energy: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 389–395.

Smith, R.B., and Van Daele, L.J., 1990, Impacts of hydroelectric development on brown bears, 

Kodiak Island, Alaska, in Bears—Their biology and managements, vol. 8—A selection 

of papers from the eighth international conference on bear research and management: 

Victoria, British Columbia, International Association of Bear Research and Management, 

p. 93–103.

Stephenson, K., and Shabman, L., 2001, The role of nonmarket valuation in hydropower 

relicensing—An application of a pattern modeling approach: Journal of Economic Issues, 

v. 35, no. 2, 497 p. 

Thórhallsdóttir, T.E., 2007, Environment and energy in Iceland—A comparative analysis of 

values and impacts: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 27, no. 6, p. 522–544.

Thórhallsdóttir, T.E., 2007, Strategic planning at the national level—Evaluating and ranking 

energy projects by environmental impact: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 

27, no. 6, p. 545–568.

Valero, A., Uche, J., Valero, A., and Martinez, A., 2009, Physical hydronomics—Application of

the exergy analysis to the assessment of environmental costs of water bodies—The case 

of the inland basins of Catalonia: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2101–2107.

van Ackere, A., and Ochoa, P., 2010, Managing a hydro-energy reservoir—A policy approach: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7299–7311.
127

Vogel, E., Goodman, M.K., Boykoff, M.T., and Evered, K.T., 2008, Regional power and the 

power of the region—Resisting dam removal in the Pacific northwest—Contentious 

geographies—Environmental knowledge, meaning, scale: Ashgate Publishing Company, 

p. 165–217.

Zhao, G., and Davison, M., 2009, Valuing hydrological forecasts for a pumped storage assisted 

hydro facility: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3–4, p. 453–462.

Solar Energy

Abdullah, M.O., Yung, V.C., Anyi, M., Othman, A.K., Hamid, K.B.Ab., and Tarawe, J., 2010, 

Review and comparison study of hybrid diesel/solar/hydro/fuel cell energy schemes for a 

rural ICT Telecenter: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 639–646.

Afgan, N.H., and Carvalho, M.G., 2004, Sustainability assessment of hydrogen energy systems: 

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v. 29, no. 13, p. 1327–1342.

Alexopoulos, S., and Hoffschmidt, B., 2010, Solar tower power plant in Germany and future 

perspectives of the development of the technology in Greece and Cyprus: Renewable 

Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 1352–1356.

Anderson, D., 1997, Renewable energy technology and policy for development: Annual Review 

of Energy and the Environment, v. 22, p. 187–215.

Arif, H., Barbosa, H., Bardet, C., Baroud, M., Behar, A., Berrier, K., Berthe, P., Bertrand, R., 

Bibyk, I., Bisson, J., Bloch, L., Bobadilla, G., Bourque, D., Bush, L., Carandang, R., 

Chiku, T., Crosby, N., De Seixas, M., De Vries, J., Doll, S., Dufour, F., Eckart, P., Fahey, 

M., Fenot, F., Foeckersperger, S., Fontaine, J.E., Fowler, R., Frey, H., Fujio, H., Gasa, 

J.M., Gleave, J., Godoe, J., Green, I., Haeberli, R., Hanada, T., Harris, P., Hucteau, M., 

Jacobs, D.F., Johnson, R., Kanno, Y., Koenig, E.M., Kojima, K., Kondepudi, P., 

Kottbauer, C., Kuiper, D., Kulagin, K., Kumara, P., Kurz, R., Laaksonen, J., Lang, A.N., 

Lathan, C., Le Fur, T., Lewis, D., Louis, A., Mori, T., Morlanes, J., Murbach, M., 

Nagatomo, H., O`Brien, I., Paines, J., Palaszewski, B., Palmnaes, U., Paraschivoiu, M., 

Pathare, A., Perov, E., Persson, J., Pessoa-Lopes, I., Pinto, M., Porro, I., Reichert, M., 

Ritt-Fischer, M., Roberts, M., Robertson, L. II, Rogers, K., Sasaki, T., Scire, F., Shibatou, 

K., Shirai, T., Shiraishi, A., Soucaille, J.F., Spivack, N., St. Pierre, D., Suleman, A., 

Sullivan, T., Theelen, B.J., Thonstad, H., Tsuji, M., Uchiumi, M., Vidqvist, J., Warrell, 

D., Watanabe, T., Wills, R., Wolf, F., Yamakawa, H., and Zhao, H.,1992, Space solar 

power program—Final report: Kitakyushu, Japan, International Space University, Inc., 

527 p.

Ayompe, L.M., Duffy, A., McCormack, S.J., and Conlon, M., 2010, Projected costs of a gridconnected domestic PV system under different scenarios in Ireland, using measured data 

from a trial installation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3731–3743.
128

Bagnall, D.M., and Boreland, M., 2008, Photovoltaic technologies: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, 

p. 4390–4396.

Barbose, G., Peterman, C., and Wiser, R., 2009, New Berkeley lab report tracks a decade of PV 

installed cost trends: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 8 p.

Bolinger, M., 2009, Third–party finance for commercial photovoltaic systems—The rise of the 

PPA: Berkeley, Calif., Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 10 p.

Borges Neto, M.R., Carvalho, P.C.M., Carioca, J.O.B., and Canafistula, F.J.F., 2010, 

Biogas/photovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4497–4506.

Branker, K., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Financial return for government support of large-scale thinfilm solar photovoltaic manufacturing in Canada: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4291–

4303.

Brooks, H., 1981, Perspectives on the energy problem: Proceedings of the American 

Philosophical Society, v. 125, 7 p.

Brown, K.S., 1999, Bright future or brief flare for renewable energy?: Science, v. 285, no. 5428, 

4 p.

Byrne, J., Kurdgelashvili, L., Poponi, D., and Barnett, A., 2004, The potential of solar electric 

power for meeting future U.S. energy needs—A comparison of projections of solar 

electric energy generation and Arctic National Wildlife Refuge oil production: Energy 

Policy, v. 32, no. 2, p. 289–297.

Byrne, J., Toly, N., and Glover, L., 2006, Energy as a social project—Recovering a discourse, in

Byrne, J., Toly, N.,and Glover, L., eds., Transforming power—Energy, environment, and 

society in conflict: Transaction Publishers, 32 p.

Chaurey, A., and Kandpal, T.C., 2010, A techno-economic comparison of rural electrification 

based on solar home systems and PV microgrids: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 3118–

3129.

Cory, K., Coggeshall, C., Coughlin, J., and Kreycik, C., 2009, Solar photovoltaic financing—

Deployment by federal government agencies: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy 

Laboratory, 118 p.

Dali, M., Belhadj, J., and Roboam, X., 2010, Hybrid solar-wind system with battery storage 

operating in grid-connected and standalone mode—Control and energy management—

Experimental investigation: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2587–2595.

Davitian, H., Bright, R., and Marcuse, W., 1978, Utility load management and solar energy—

Study background and outline: Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 17 p.
129

Del Chiaro, B., 2006, Rave reviews for solar homes—A survey of homeowners in California: 

Los Angeles, Calif., Environment California, 24 p.

Del Chiaro, B., Payne, S., and Dutzik, T., 2008, On the rise—Solar thermal power and the fight 

against global warming: Environment America, Research and Policy Center, 43 p.

Del Chiaro, B., and Telleen–Lawton, T., 2007, Solar water heat—How California can reduce its 

dependence on natural gas: Los Angeles, Calif., Environment California Research and

Policy Center, 21 p.

Denholm, P., Ela, E., Kirby, B., and Miligan, M., 2010, Role of energy storage with renewable 

electricity generation: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 61 p.

Duggan, J.L., and Cloutier, R.J., 1977, Energy sources for the future, in Symposium on energy 

sources for the future, Oak Ridge, Tenn., April 1977, Proceedings: Oak Ridge, Tenn., 

Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 308 p. 

Durham, C.A., Colby, B.G., and Longstreth, M., 1988, The impact of state tax credits and energy 

prices on adoption of solar energy systems: Land Economics, v. 64, no. 4, p. 347–355.

Dusonchet, L., and Telaretti, E., 2010, Economic analysis of different supporting policies for the 

production of electrical energy by solar photovoltaics in Western European Union 

countries: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3297–3308.

Etzkowitz, H. 1984, Solar versus nuclear energy—Autonomous or dependent technology?: 

Social Problems, v. 31, no. 4, p. 417–434.

Flechsenhar, M., and Sasse, C., 1995, Solar gasification of biomass using oil shale and coal as 

candidate materials: Energy, v. 20, no. 8, p. 803–810.

Fu, P., and Rich, P.M., 2000, The solar analyst 1.0—User manual: Helios Environmental 

Modeling Institute, LLC, 53 p.

Ginley, D., Green, M.A., and Collins, R., 2008, Solar energy conversion toward 1 terawatt: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 355–364.

Hart, D.M., 2010, Making, breaking, and (partially) remaking markets—State regulation and 

photovoltaic electricity in New Jersey: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6662–6673.

Hayden, H.C., 2005, The solar fraud—Why solar energy won't run the world: Pueblo West, 

Colo., Vales Lake Publishing LLC, 281 p.

Hendry, C., Harborne, P., and Brown, J., 2010, So what do innovating companies really get from 

publicly funded demonstration projects and trials? Innovation lessons from solar 

photovoltaics and wind: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4507–4519.
130

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Kabeel, A.E., Hamed, A.M., and El-Agouz, S.A., 2010, Cost analysis of different solar still 

configurations: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2901–2908.

Kahn, E., 1979, The compatibility of wind and solar technology with conventional energy 

systems: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 313–352.

Kaldellis, J.K., Zafirakis, D., and Kondili, E., 2009, Optimum autonomous stand-alone 

photovoltaic system design on the basis of energy pay-back analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 9, 

p. 1187–1198.

Katz, C., 2004, Public attitudes and support for solar power—A survey of likely voters in 

California conducted for Environment California Research and Policy Center: 

Environment California Research and Policy Center, 9 p.

Kelleher, J., and Ringwood, J.V., 2009, A computational tool for evaluating the economics of 

solar and wind microgeneration of electricity: Energy, v. 34, no. 4, p. 401–409.

Komor, P., 2009, Wind and solar electricity—Challenges and opportunities: Arlington, Va., Pew 

Center on Global Climate Change, Solutions White Paper Series, 48 p.

Kräupl, S., and Wieckert, C., 2007, Economic evaluation of the solar carbothermic reduction of 

ZnO by using a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis: Energy, v. 32, 

no. 7, p. 1134–1147.

Leckner, M., and Zmeureanu, R., 2011, Life cycle cost and energy analysis of a net-zero energy 

house with solar combisystem: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 232–241.

Lloyd, B., and Forest, A.S., 2010, The transition to renewables—Can PV provide an answer to 

the peak oil and climate change challenges?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 7378–7394.

McDonald, N.C., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Producer responsibility and recycling solar 

photovoltaic modules: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7041–7047.

Mehos, M., 2008, Another pathway to large-scale power generation—Concentrating solar power: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 364–366.

Muller, H., and Trultt, S., 2011, Solar powering your community—A guide for local 

governments, 2nd edition: Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S. Department of Energy, Solar America 

Cities, 172 p.

Myers, K.S., Klein, S.A., and Reindl, D.T., 2010, Assessment of high penetration of solar 

photovoltaics in Wisconsin: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7338–7345.
131

Nguyen, H.T., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Estimating potential photovoltaic yield with r.sun and the 

open source geographical resources analysis support system: Solar Energy, v. 84, no. 5, 

p. 831–843.

Palucka, T., 2008, The 3 GW Initiative: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 371–

372.

Petrescu, S., Petre, C., Costea, M., Malancioiu, O., Boriaru, N., Dobrovicescu, A., Fiedt, M., and 

Harman, C., 2010, A methodology of computation, design and optimization of solar 

Stirling power plant using hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 729–739.

Pimentel, D. ed., 2008, Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems—Benefits and 

risks: Springer Publishing, 506 p.

Raugei, M., and Frankl, P., 2009, Life cycle impacts and costs of photovoltaic systems—Current 

state of the art and future outlooks: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 392–399.

Sharan, A.M., 2009, On checking the rising global food prices due to bio-fuels using solar 

energy: Energy & Environment, v. 20, p. 1389–1396.

Sharples, F.E., 1981, Energy from agricultural biomass—Grasping at straws?: Bulletin of the 

Ecological Society of America, v. 62, no. 1, p. 14–18.

Sivaraman, D., and Keoleian, G.A., 2010, Photovoltaic (PV) electricity—Comparative analyses 

of CO2 abatement at different fuel mix scales in the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5708–5718.

Soboyejo, W., and Taylor, R., 2008, Off-grid solar for rural development: Harnessing Materials 

for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 368–371.

Solomon, A.A., Faiman, D., and Meron, G., 2010, An energy-based evaluation of the matching 

possibilities of very large photovoltaic plants to the electricity grid—Israel as a case 

study: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5457–5468.

Solomon, A.A., Faiman, D., and Meron, G., 2010, Properties and uses of storage for enhancing 

the grid penetration of very large photovoltaic systems: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 

5208–5222.

Tritt, T.M., Böttner, H., and Chen, L., 2008, Thermoelectrics—Direct solar thermal energy 

conversion: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 366–368.

Tsoutso, T., Frantzeskaki, N., and Gekas, V., 2005, Environmental impacts from the solar energy 

technologies: Energy Policy, v. 33, no. 3, p. 289–296.
132

Van Vuuren, D.P., Bouwman, A.F., and Beusen, A.H.W., 2010, Phosphorus demand for the 

1970–2100 period—A scenario analysis of resource depletion: Global Environmental 

Change, v. 20, no. 3, p. 428–439.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2006, Siting renewable energy facilities—A spatial analysis of promises and 

pitfalls: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 20 p.

Wang, S., and Koch, B., 2010, Determining profits for solar energy with remote sensing data: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2934–2938.

Wiginton, L.K., Nguyen, H.T., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Quantifying rooftop solar photovoltaic 

potential for regional renewable energy policy: Computers, Environment and Urban 

Systems, v. 34, no. 4, p. 345–357.

Yang, C. J., 2010, Reconsidering solar grid parity: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3270–3273.

Wind Energy

Abbott, J.A., 2010, The localized and scaled discourse of conservation for wind power in Kittitas 

County, Washington: Society and Natural Resources, v. 23, no. 10, p. 969–985.

Afgan, N.H., and Carvalho, M.G., 2004, Sustainability assessment of hydrogen energy systems: 

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v. 29, no. 13, p. 1327–1342.

Aitken, M., 2009, Why we still don't understand the social aspects of wind power—A critique of 

key assumptions within the literature: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1834–1841.

Aitken, M., 2010, Wind power and community benefits—Challenges and opportunities: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6066–6075.

Alves-Pereira, M., and Branco, N.A.A.C., 2007, Public health and noise exposure—The 

importance of low frequency noise: Istanbul, Turkey, Inter-Noise, 10 p.

American Wind Energy Association, 2004, Proceedings of the wind energy and birds/bats 

workshop—Understanding and resolving bird and bat impacts: Washington, D.C., 

American Wind Energy Association, Audubon California, RESOLVE, Inc., 48 p.

American Wind Energy Association, 2008, American wind energy association annual wind 

industry report: Washington, D.C., American Wind Energy Association, 32 p.

American Wind Energy Association, 2009, Metal working for the wind industry: Washington, 

D.C., American Wind Energy Association, 2 p.

American Wind Energy Association, 2009, Wind turbines and health: Washington, D.C., 

American Wind Energy Association, 2 p. 
133

Arnett, E.B., 2006, A preliminary evaluation on the use of dogs to recover bat fatalities at wind 

energy facilities: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1440–1445.

Arnett, E.B., Brown, W.K., Erickson, W.P., Fiedler, J.K., Hamilton, B.L., Henry, T.H., Jain, A., 

Johnson, G.D., Kerns, J., Koford, R.R., Nicholson, C.P., O'Connell, T.J., Piorkowski, 

M.D., and Tankersley, R.D., 2008, Patterns of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in 

North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 61–78.

Arslan, O., 2010, Technoeconomic analysis of electricity generation from wind energy in 

Kutahya, Turkey: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 120–131.

Ashwill, T.D., 2010, Sweep–Twist adaptive rotor blade—Final project report: National City, 

Calif., Knight and Carver Wind Group, 144 p.

Association, A.W.E., 2008, U.S. wind energy projects—Wyoming: American Wind Energy 

Association Resources: Graph.

Baerwald, E.F., and Barclay, R.M.R., 2009, Geographic variation in activity and fatality of 

migratory bats at wind energy facilities: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1341–

1349.

Baerwald, E.F., Edworthy, J., Holder, M., and Barclay, R., 2009, A large-scale mitigation 

experiment to reduce bat fatalities at wind energy facilities: The Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1077–1081.

Baring-Gould, I., and Dabo, M., 2009, Technology, performance, and market report of winddiesel applications for remote and island communities—Preprint: National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 15 p.

Barradale, M.J., 2010, Impact of public policy uncertainty on renewable energy investment—

Wind power and the production tax credit: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7698–7709.

Barrios, L., and Rodriquez, A., 2004, Behavioral and environmental correlates of soaring-bird 

mortality at on-shore wind turbines: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 41, p. 72–81.

Becker, J.M., Tagestad, J.D., Duberstein, C.A., and Downs, J.L., 2009, Sage-grouse and wind 

energy—Biology, habits, and potential effects from development: Pacific Northwest 

National Laboratory, 35 p.

Bergek, A., 2010, Leveling the playing field? The influence of national wind power planning 

instruments on conflicts of interests in a Swedish county: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 

2357–2369.

Bishop, I.D., and Miller, D.R., 2006, Visual assessment of off-shore wind turbines—The 

influence of distance, contrast, movement and social variables: Renewable Energy, v. 32, 

18 p.
134

Bittner-Mackin, E., 2008, Excerpts from the final report of the Township of Lincoln Wind 

Turbine Moratorium Committee: Bureau County, Ill., Zoning Board of Appeals, 16 p.

Boccard, N., 2009, Capacity factor of wind power realized values vs. estimates: Energy Policy, 

v. 37, no. 7, p. 2679–2688.

Boccard, N., 2010, Economic properties of wind power—A European assessment: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3232–3244.

Bohn, C., and Lant, C., 2008, Welcoming the wind? Determinants of wind power development 

among the U.S.: The Professional Geographer, v. 61, no. 1, p. 87–100.

Breukers, S., and Wolsink, M., 2007, Wind power implementation in changing institutional 

landscapes—An international comparison: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2737–2750.

Brown, K.S., 1999, Bright future or brief flare for renewable energy?: Science, v. 285, no. 5428, 

4 p.

Butterfield, S., Sheng, S., and Oyague, F., 2009, Wind energy's new role in supplying the world's 

energy—What role will structural health monitoring play?: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 11 p.

Canale, M., Fagiano, L., and Milanese, M., 2009, KiteGen—A revolution in wind energy 

generation: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 355–361.

Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J.A., Benitez, J.R., Lobon, M., and Donazar, J.A., 2009, Large 

scale risk-assessment of wind-farms on population viability of a globally endangered 

long-lived raptor: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 12, p. 2954–2961.

Cesaro, J.D., Porter, K., and Milligan, M., 2009, Wind energy and power system operations—A 

review of wind integration studies to date: Electricity Journal, v. 22, no. 10, p. 34–43.

Chiswell, S., 2010, Improved capabilities for siting wind farms and mitigating impacts on radar 

observations: Aiken, S.C., Savannah River National Laboratory, 5 p.

Ciaccia, G., Doni, N., and Fontini, F., 2010, Auctioning wind power sites when environmental 

quality matters: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1734–1740.

Committee on Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects, 2007, Environmental impacts of 

wind-energy projects: Washington, D.C., National Academies of Science, 394 p.

Connolly, D., Lund, H., Mathiesen, B.V., and Leahy, M., 2010, Modeling the existing Irish 

energy-system to identify future energy costs and the maximum wind penetration 

feasible: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2164–2173.
135

Corbus, D., Milligan, M., Ela, E., Schuerger, M., and Zavadil, B., 2009, Eastern wind integration 

and transmission study—Preliminary findings—Preprint: National Renewable Energy 

Laboratory, 9 p.

Cory, K., and Schwabe, P., 2009, Wind levelized cost of energy: A comparison of technical and 

financing input variables: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 34 p.

Cryas, P.M., and Barclay, R.M.R., 2009, Causes of bat fatalities at wind turbines—Hypotheses 

and predictions: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 3, p. 1330–1340.

Dali, M., Belhadj, J., and Roboam, X., 2010, Hybrid solar-wind system with battery storage 

operating in grid-connected and standalone mode— Control and energy management—

Experimental investigation: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2587–2595.

Darmstadter, J., and Palmer, K., 2005, Renewable of electricity: Safe bet or tilting at windmills?: 

Resources, v. 156, p. 24-27.

Del Carmen Torres Sibille, A., Cloquell-Ballester, V.A.d., Cloquell-Ballester, V.A., and Darton, 

R., 2009, Development and validation of a multicriteria indicator for the assessment of 

objective aesthetic impact of wind farms: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 

13, p. 40–66.

De Lucas, M., Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., eds., 2007, Birds and wind farms—Risk assessment 

and mitigation (1st ed.): Quercus, 278 p.

Denault, M., Dupuis, D., and Couture-Cardinal, S., 2009, Complementarity of hydro and wind 

power—Improving the risk profile of energy inflows: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 

5376–5384.

Denholm, P., Ela, E., Kirby, B., and Miligan, M., 2010, Role of energy storage with renewable 

electricity generation: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 61 p.

Denholm, P., Hand, M., Jackson, M., and Ong, S., 2009, Land-use requirements of modern wind 

power lants in the United States: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 

46 p.

Denny, E., Tuohy, A., Meibom, P., Keane, A., Flynn, D., Mullane, A., and O'Malley, M., 2010, 

The impact of increased interconnection on electricity systems with large penetrations of 

wind generation—A case study of Ireland and Great Britain: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, 

p. 6946–6954.

Desholm, M., 2009, Avian sensitivity to mortality—Prioritising migratory bird species for 

assessment at proposed wind farms: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 90, no 8, 

p. 2672–2679.
136

Eichhorn, M., and Drechsler, M., 2010, Spatial trade-offs between wind power production and 

bird collision avoidance in agricultural landscapes: Ecology and Society, v. 15, no. 2, p. 

10.

EnerNex Corporation, K.T., Ventyx, A.G., and Nebraska Power Assoc. Nebraska, L.N., 2010, 

Statewide wind integration study—April 2008—January 2010: Knoxville, Tenn., 

EnerNex Corporation, Atlanta, Ga., Ventyx, and Lincoln, Nebr., Nebraska Power 

Association, 439 p.

Erickson, W.P., Johnson, G.D., and Young, D.P., Jr., 2005, A summary and comparison of bird 

mortality from anthropogenic causes with an emphasis on collisions: Washington, D.C., 

USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, v. 2, 14 p.

Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, 2009, Renewable energy siting study: 

Washington, D.C., Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, 106 p.

Fairbairn, R. J., 1999, Electrical network limitations on large-scale deployment of wind energy: 

Energy Technology Support Unit, Merz and McLellan Division, PB Power, 85 p.

Farfán, M.A., Vargas, J.M., Duarte, J., and Real, R., 2009, What is the impact of wind farms on 

birds? A case study in southern Spain: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 18, no. 14, p. 

3743–3758.

Fischlein, M., Larson, J., Hall, D.M., Chaudhry, R., Rai Peterson, T., Stephens, J.C., and Wilson, 

E.J., 2010, Policy stakeholders and deployment of wind power in the sub-national 

context—A comparison of four U.S. states: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4429–4439.

Francis, C.D., Ortega, C.P., and Cruz, A., 2009, Noise pollution changes avian communities and 

species interactions: Current Biology, v. 19, no. 16, p. 1415–1419.

Gibson, E., and Howsam, P., 2010, The legal framework for offshore wind farms: A critical 

analysis of the consents process: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4692–4702.

Gonçalves da Silva, C., 2010, Renewable energies—Choosing the best options: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 8, p. 3179–3193.

Graves, F., and Litvinova, J., 2009, Hedging effects of wind on retail electric supply costs: 

Electricity Journal, v. 22, v. 10, p. 44–55.

Green, R., and Vasilakos, N., 2010, Market behavior with large amounts of intermittent 

generation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3211–3220.

Gross, C., 2007, Community perspectives of wind energy in Australia—The application of a 

justice and community fairness framework to increase social acceptance: Energy Policy, 

v. 35, no. 5, p. 2727–2736.
137

Guillemette, M., Larsen, J.K., and Clausager, I., 1998, Impact assessment of an off–shore wind 

park on sea ducks: NERI Technical Report, Ministry of Environment and Energy, 

National Environmental Research Institute, v. 227, 61 p.

Hassan, G., 2005, Community benefits from wind power—A study of U.K. practice and

comparison with leading European countries: Centre for Sustainable Energy, 103 p.

Hayman, B., Wedel–Heinen, J., and Brondsted, P., 2008, Materials challenges in present and 

future wind energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 343–353.

Herbrandson, C., and Messing, R.B., 2009, Public health impacts of wind turbines: Minnesota 

Department of Health, Environmental Health Division, 32 p.

Hendry, C., Harborne, P., and Brown, J., 2010, So what do innovating companies really get from 

publicly funded demonstration projects and trials? Innovation lessons from solar 

photovoltaics and wind: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4507–4519.

Hiroux, C., and Saguan, M., 2010, Large-scale wind power in European electricity markets—

Time for revisiting support schemes and market designs?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3135–3145.

Hoen, B., 2006, Impacts of windmill visibility on property values in Madison County, New 

York: Hudson, N.Y., Bard Center for Environmental Policy, 73 p.

Howell, J.A., 1997, Bird mortality at rotor swept area equivalents, Altamont Pass and 

Montezuma Hills, California: Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife 

Society, v. 33, p. 24–29.

Hull, C.L., and Muir, S., 2010, Search areas for monitoring bird and bat carcasses at wind farms 

using a Monte-Carlo model: Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, v. 17, 

p. 77–87.

Jobert, A., Laborgne, P., and Mimler, S., 2007, Local acceptance of wind energy—Factors of 

success identified in French and German case studies: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 

2751–2760.

Johansson, M., and Laike, T., 2007, Intention to respond to local wind turbines—The role of 

attitudes and visual perception: Wind Energy, v. 10, p. 435–451.

Johnson, G.D., Perlik, M.K., Erickson, W.P., and Strickland, M.D., 2004, Bat activity, 

composition, and collision mortality at a large windplant in Minnesota: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 32, no. 4, p. 1278–1288.

Johnson, G.D., Young Jr., D.P., Erikson, W., Derby, C., Strickland, M.D., and Rhett, E.G., 2000, 

Wildlife monitoring studies Seawest windpower project, Carbon County, Wyoming 

1995–1999: Cheyenne, Wyo., Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc., 195 p.
138

Jolivet, E., and Heiskanen, E., 2010, Blowing against the wind—An exploratory application of 

actor network theory to the analysis of local controversies and participation processes in 

wind energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6746–6754.

Jones, C.R., and Eiser, J.R., 2010, Understanding ‘local’ opposition to wind development in the 

U.K.: How big is a backyard?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 3106–3117.

Kahn, E., 1979, The compatibility of wind and solar technology with conventional energy 

systems: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 313–52.

Kamperman, G.W., and James, R.R., 2008, The “how to” guide to siting wind turbines to prevent 

health risks from sound—Wind Turbine Syndrome: Citizens for Responsible Green 

Energy, 47 p.

Katzenstein, W., Fertig, E., and Apt, J., 2010, The variability of interconnected wind plants:

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4400–4410.

Kaya, T., and Kahraman, C., 2010, Multicriteria renewable energy planning using an integrated 

fuzzy VIKOR and AHP methodology—The case of Istanbul: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 

2517–2527.

Kelleher, J., and Ringwood, J.V., 2009, A computational tool for evaluating the economics of 

solar and wind microgeneration of electricity: Energy, v. 34, no. 4, p. 401–409.

Kikuchi, R., 2008, Adverse impacts of wind power generation on collision behavior of birds and 

anti-predator behaviour of squirrels: Journal for Nature Conservation, v. 16, no. 1, p. 44–

55.

Kiviluoma, J., and Meibom, P., 2010, Influence of wind power, plug-in electric vehicles, and 

heat storages on power system investments: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1244–1255.

Koford, R., 2003, Avian Mortality Associated with the top of Iowa wind farm—Progress report: 

Ames, Iowa, Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, 9 p.

Komor, P., 2009, Wind and solar electricity—Challenges and opportunities: Arlington, Va., Pew 

Center on Global Climate Change, Solutions White Paper Series, 48 p.

Krüger, T., and Garthe, S., 2001, Flight altitudes of coastal birds in relation to wind direction and 

speed: Atlantic Seabirds, v. 3, no. 4, p. 203–216.

Kunz, T., Arnett, E., Cooper, B., Erickson, W., Larkin, R., Mabee, T., Morrison, M., Dale 

Strickland, M., and Szewczak, J., 2007, Assessing impacts of wind-energy development 

on nocturnally active birds and bats—A guidance document: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2449–2486.
139

Kusiak, A., and Zheng, H., 2010, Optimization of wind turbine energy and power factor with an 

evolutionary computation algorithm: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1324–1332.

Kuvlesky, W.P., Brennan, L.A., Morrison, M., Boydston, K., Ballard, B., and Bryant, F., 2007, 

Wind energy development and wildlife conservation—Challenges and opportunities: 

Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2487–2498. 

Landscape Design Associates, 2000, Cumulative effects of wind turbines—Volume 1, Report on 

the preparation of a planning tool by means of consensus-building: Landscape Design 

Associates, 39 p.

Landscape Design Associates, 2000, Cumulative effects of wind turbines—Volume 2, Report on 

qualitative public attitude research in Mid-Wales: Landscape Design Associates, 45 p.

Lejeune, P., and Feltz, C., 2008, Development of a decision support system for setting up a wind 

energy policy across the Walloon region (Southern Belgium): Renewable Energy, v. 33, 

no. 11, p. 2416–2422.

Leventhall, G., 2003, A review of published research on low frequency noise and its effects: 

London, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 88 p.

Lewis, G.M., 2010, Estimating the value of wind energy using electricity locational marginal 

price: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3221–3231.

Limerick, P., and Geller, H., 2007, What every westerner should know about energy efficiency 

and conservation—A guide to a new relationship: Boulder, Colo., Center of the American 

West, 73 p.

Lin, W.-M., and Hong, C.-M., 2010, Intelligent approach to maximum power point tracking 

control strategy for variable-speed wind turbine generation system: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, 

p. 2440–2447.

MacCormack, J., Hollis, A., Zareipour, H., and Rosehart, W., 2010, The large-scale integration 

of wind generation—Impacts on price, reliability and dispatchable conventional 

suppliers: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3837–3846.

Malik, A., and Al-Badi, A.H., 2009, Economics of wind turbines as an energy fuel saver—A 

case study for remote application in Oman: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1573–1578.

Manion, J., 2007, Wind power resource assessment: Warm Springs, Oreg., Warm Springs 

Reservation Tribal Lands, 170 p.

Manville, A., and Hueckel, G., 2004, Session—Development and application of guidelines for 

siting, constructing, operating and monitoring wind turbines: Olympia, Wyo., U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service, 12 p.
140

Masden, E.A., Fox, A.D., Furness, R.W., Bullman, R., and Haydon, D.T., 2010, Cumulative 

impact assessments and bird/wind farm interactions—Developing a conceptual 

framework: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1–7.

Masden, E.A., Haydon, D.T., Fox, A.D., Furness, R.W., Bullman, R., and Desholm, M., 2009, 

Barriers to movement—Impacts of wind farms on migrating birds: ICES Journal of 

Marine Science, v. 66, no. 4, p. 746–753.

Mason, I.G., Page, S.C., and Williamson W.G., 2010, A 100% renewable electricity generation 

system for New Zealand utilizing hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass resources: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3973–3984.

Meyer, N.I., 2007, Learning from wind energy policy in the E.U.—Lessons from Denmark, 

Sweden, and Spain: European Environment, v. 17, p. 347–362.

Molvar, E.M., 2008, Wind power in Wyoming—Doing it smart from the start: Laramie, Wyo., 

Biodiversity Conservation Alliance, 59 p.

Moorhouse, A., Hayes, M., von Hünerbein, S., Piper, B.J., and Adams, M.D., 2007, Research 

into aerodynamic modulation of wind turbine noise— Final report: Manchester, 

University of Salford, Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 57 p.

Moran, D., and Sherrington, C., 2007, An economic assessment of windfarm power generation in 

Scotland including externalities: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2811–2825.

National Wind Coordinating Committee, 2002, Permitting of wind energy facilities—A 

handbook: Washington, D.C., National Wind Coordinating Committee c/o RESOLVE, 

58 p.

Newbery, D., 2010, Market design for a large share of wind power: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7,

p. 3131–3134.

Noise Working Group, 1996, The assessment and rating of noise from wind farms: Oxfordshire, 

England, Noise Working Group, 175 p.

Nyamdash, B., Denny, E., and O'Malley, M., 2010, The viability of balancing wind generation 

with large scale energy storage: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7200–7208.

Orloff, S., and Flannery, A., 1992, Wind turbine effects on avian activity, habitat use, and 

mortality in Altamont Pass and Solano County Wind Resource Areas 1989–1991: 

Tiburon, Calif., BioSystems Analysis, Inc., 199 p.

Orloff, S. and A. Flannery 1996, A continued examination of avian mortality in the Altamont 

Pass wind resource area: Tiburon, Calif., BioSystems Analysis, Inc., 60 p.
141

Pattanariyankool, S., and Lave, L.B., 2010, Optimizing transmission from distant wind farms: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2806–2815.

Pearce-Higgins, J.W., Stephen, L., Langston, R.H.W., Bainbridge, I.P., and Bullman, R., 2009, 

The distribution of breeding birds around upland wind farms: Journal of Applied 

Ecology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1323–1331.

Pedersen, E., van den Berg, F., Bakker, R., and Bouma, J., 2010, Can road traffic mask sound 

from wind turbines? Response to wind turbine sound at different levels of road traffic 

sound: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2520–2527.

Phadke, R., Manning, C., Diebolt, A., and Kazinka, M., 2009, Wind energy and scenic 

considerations in Wyoming—Workshop Report: Saint Paul, Minn., Macalester College, 

10 p.

Pierpont, N.O., 2009, Wind turbine syndrome—A report on a natural experiment: Santa Fe, N. 

Mex., K-Selected Books, 294 p.

Pimentel, D. ed., 2008, Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems—Benefits and 

risks: Springer Publishing, 506 p.

PNAWPPM-IV, 2001, National avian-wind power planning meeting IV, Carmel, Calif., May 

2000, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., RESOLVE, Inc., 179 p.

Pruett, C. L., Patten, M.A., and Wolfe, D.H., 2009, Avoidance behavior by prairie grouse—

Implications for development of wind energy: Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 

1253–1259.

Pruett, C. L., Patten, M.A., and Wolfe, D., 2009, It’s not easy being green—Wind energy and a 

declining grassland bird: BioScience, v. 59, no. 3, p. 257–262.

Prull, D. S., Ling, F., and Kammen, D., 2006, A wind energy blueprint for policy makers—Case 

study, Santa Barbara County, CA, in Fall meeting 2006 of the American Geophysical 

Union, San Fransisco, Cali., December 2006, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., American 

Geophysical Union , 87 p.

Pryor, S.C., and Barthelmie, R.J., 2009, Climate change impacts on wind energy: Renewable and 

Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 14, no. 1, p. 430–437.

Qadrdan, M., Chaudry, M., Wu, J., Jenkins, N., and Ekanayake, J., 2010, Impact of a large 

penetration of wind generation on the GB gas network: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5684–5695.

Rabin, L.A., Coss, R.G., and Owings, D.H., 2006, The effects of wind turbines on antipredator 

behavior in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi): Biological 

Conservation, v. 131, no. 3, 410–420 p.
142

Ramírez-Rosadoa, I.J., García-Garridoa, E., Fernández-Jiménez, L.A., Zorzano-Santamaría, P.J., 

Monteiro, C., and Miranda, V., 2008, Promotion of new wind farms based on a decision 

support system: Renewable Energy, v. 33, p. 558–566.

Red Mountain Energy Partners, 2009, Winnebago tribe of Nebraska—Wind generation on 

Winnebago tribal lands: Phoenix, Ariz., Red Mountain Energy Partners, 126 p.

Ren, D., 2010, Effects of global warming on wind energy availability: Journal of Renewable and 

Sustainable Energy, v. 2, p. 052301.

Roques, F., Hiroux, C., and Saguan, M., 2010, Optimal wind power deployment in Europe—A 

portfolio approach: Energy Policy, v 38, no. 7, p. 3245–3256.

Rowlands, I.H., and Jernigan, C., 2008, Wind power in Ontario—Its contribution to the 

electricity grid: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 28, p. 436-453.

Roy, S., 2009, Economic assessment of the engineering basis for wind power—Perspective of a 

vertically integrated utility: Energy, v. 34, no. 11, p. 1885–1897.

Royal Dutch Shell Plc, 2008, Responsible energy sustainability report: Hague, Netherlands, 

Royal Dutch Shell plc Sustainability Report, 46 p.

Santos, M., Bastos, R.,Travassos, P., Bessa, R., Repas, M., and Cabral, A.J., 2009, Predicting the 

trends of vertebrate species richness as a response to wind farms installation in mountain 

ecosystems of Northwest Portugal: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 2, p. 192–205.

Schutzer, G.J., 2010, Recent tax law changes create new opportunities for leasing wind energy 

property: Electricity Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 47–56.

Sharman, H., 2005, Why wind power works for Denmark: Civil Engineering, v. 158, p. 66–72.

Singh, B., and Singh, S.N., 2009, Wind power interconnection into the power system—A review 

of grid code requirements: Electricity Journal, v. 22, no. 5, p. 54–63.

Smallwood, K.S., and Thelanderb, C., 2008, Bird mortality in the Altamont Pass wind resource 

area, California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 215–223.

Smallwood, K.S., Bell, D.A., Snyder, S.A., and Didonato, J.E., 2010, Novel scavenger removal 

trials increase wind turbine-caused avian fatality estimates: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 74, no. 5, p. 1089–1097.

Smallwood, K.S., and Karas, B., 2009, Avian and bat fatality rates at old-generation and 

repowered wind turbines in California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 

1062–1071.
143

Smallwood, K.S., Rugge, L., and Morrison, M.L., 2009, Influence of behavior on bird mortality 

in wind energy developments: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1082–

1098.

Sovacool, B.K., 2009, Contextualizing avian mortality—A preliminary appraisal of bird and bat 

fatalities from wind, fossil-fuel, and nuclear electricity: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 6, p. 

2241–2248.

Sterzinger, G., Beck, F., and Kostiuk, D., 2003, The effect of wind development on local 

property values: Washington, D.C., Renewable Energy Policy Project, 81 p.

Strachan, P.A., Lal, D., and Malmborg, F.V., 2005, The evolving U.K. wind energy industry—

Critical policy and management aspects of the emerging research agenda: European 

Environment, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1–18.

Sustainable Development Commission, 2006, Wind Power in the U.K.—A guide to the key 

issues surrounding onshore wind power development in the U.K.: Sustainable 

Development Commission, 174 p.

Swofford, J., and Slattery, M., 2010, Public attitudes of wind energy in Texas—Local

communities in close proximity to wind farms and their effect on decision-making: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2508-2519.

Tavner, P., 2008, Wind power as a clean-energy contributor: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 

4397–4400.

Tegen, S., Milligan, M., and Goldberg, M, 2007, Economic development impacts of wind 

power—A comparative analysis of impacts within the Western Governors’ Association 

states: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Preprint, 19 p.

Township of Lincoln Wisconsin, 2000, Final report of the wind turbine moratorium study 

committee: Township of Lincoln, 177 p.

Twomey, P., and Neuhoff, K., 2009, Wind power and market power in competitive markets: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3198–3210.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2009, 20% wind energy by 2030: Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 248 p.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2009, Whooping cranes and wind development—An issue paper: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 27 p.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005, Wind power—Impacts on wildlife and 

government responsibilities for regulating development and protecting wildlife: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 64 p.
144

Vajjhala, S.P., 2006, Siting renewable energy facilities—A spatial analysis of promises and 

pitfalls: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 20 p.

Valentine, S.V., 2009, Canada’s constitutional separation of (wind) power: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 4, p. 1918–1930.

Valentine, S.V., 2010, Braking wind in Australia—A critical evaluation of the renewable energy 

target: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3668–3675.

Valentine, S.V., 2010, Sheltering wind power projects from tempestuous community concerns: 

Energy for Sustainable Development, v. 15, no. 1, p. 109–114.

van Dam, J., Baker, D., and Jager, D., 2010, Wind turbine safety and function test report for the 

ARE 442 wind turbine: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 35 p.

van Kooten, G.C., and Wong, L., 2009, Economics of wind power when national grids are 

unreliable: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1991–1998.

Vandezande, L., Meeus, L., and Belmans, R., 2010, Well-functioning balancing markets—A 

prerequisite for wind power integration: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3146–3154.

Voll, B., 2006, Black Springs wind farm—Shadow flicker study: Energreen Wind, 12 p.

Walter, W.D., Leslie Jr., D.M., and Jenks, J.A., Response of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus 

elaphus) to wind-power development: American Midland Naturalist v. 156, p. 363–375.

Weber, C., 2010, Adequate intraday market design to enable the integration of wind energy into 

the European power systems: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3155–3163.

Weed, C., 2006, Examples of noise standards and wind turbine noise regulations: Centerville, 

Mich., Centerville Township Commercial Wind Ordinance Committee, 1 p.

Wendy, W., 2004, When blade meets bat: Scientific American, v. 290, p. 20–21.

Wind Powering America, 2009, Electricity from the wind—The new cash crop: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America Program, 2 p.

Wind Powering America, 2009, Electricity from the wind—What landowners should know: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America Program, 4 p.

Wüstenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., and Burer, M.J., 2007, Social acceptance of renewable energy 

innovation—An introduction to the concept: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2683–2691.

Zaaijer, M.B., 2009, Review of knowledge development for the design of offshore wind energy 

technology: Wind Energy, v. 12, no. 5, p. 411–430.
145

Thermal Energy

Kabir, G., Abubakar, A.I., and El-Nafaty, U.A., 2010, Energy audit and conservation 

opportunities for pyroprocessing unit of a typical dry process cement plant: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 3, p. 1237–1243.

Lozano, M.A., Ramos, J.C., and Serra, L.M., 2010, Cost optimization of the design of CHCP 

(combined heat, cooling, and power) systems under legal constraints: Energy, v. 35, no. 

2, p. 794–805.

Trona

Trona is a naturally occurring mineral that has energetic properties and has its own 

subsection due to the fact that the state of Wyoming has considerable trona reserves and the 

mining of trona can overlap with the various types of energy development.

Dyni, J.R., Wiig, S.V., and Grundy, W.D., 1995, Trona resources in Southwest Wyoming: 

Nonrenewable Resources, v. 95, 13 p.

Gilmore, J.S., and Duff, M.K., 1975, Boom town growth management—A case study of Rock 

Springs—Green River, Wyoming: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 177 p.

Natural Landscape Effects

The diverse components of the natural landscape, such as the atmosphere, biosphere, 

hydrosphere, and geosphere, may each react differently to the development and use of energy 

sources. The direct, indirect, and cumulative effects of this development and use on the natural 

landscape’s components should be understood to allow land and resource managers to make 

effective decisions. In this category, the cited reports explore different effects and interactions 

between the natural landscape and energy development and use. Sub-categories were created for 

further grouping around climate change, ecosystem, pollution, landscape concerns and land use, 

water, and wildlife.

Akella, A.K., Saini, R.P., and Sharma, M.P., 2008, Social, economical and environmental 

impacts of renewable energy systems: Renewable Energy, v. 34, no. 2009, p. 390–396.

Alexakhin, R.M., 1993, Countermeasures in agricultural production as an effective means of 

mitigating the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident: The Science of The 

Total Environment, v. 137, no. 1–3, p. 9–20.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.

Annestrand, S.A., 2003, Power transmission, high-voltage: Bonneville Power Administration, 

21 p. 
146

Bellamy, P.E., Croxton, P.J., Heard, M.S., Hinsley, S.A., Hulmes, L., Hulmes, S., Nuttall, P., 

Pywell, R.F., and Rothery, P., 2009, The impact of growing miscanthus for biomass on 

farmland bird populations: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 191–199.

Bies, L., 2006, The biofuels explosion—Is green energy good for wildlife?: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1203–1205.

Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 2008, Increasing feedstock production for 

biofuels—Economic drivers, environmental implications, and the role of research: 

Washington, D.C., Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 167 p.

Biswas, A.K., and Biswas, M.R., 1976, State of the environment and its implications to resource 

policy development: BioScience, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19–25.

Bonfield, P., 2008, Environmental performance enters construction materials: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 454–456.

Brown, M.T., and Vivas, M.B., 2005, Landscape development intensity index: Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment, v. 101, no. 1-3, p. 289–309.

Burger, J., 2008, Environmental management—Integrating ecological evaluation, remediation, 

restoration, natural resource damage assessment and long-term stewardship on 

contaminated lands: Science of the Total Environment, v. 400, no. 1-3, p. 6–19.

Burnett, R.A., and Fraley, D.W., 1977, Description and comparison of energy impact assessment 

models: Richland, Wash., Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 97 p.

Caldwell, L.K., 1973, Energy and environment—The bases for public policies: Annals of the 

American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 410, p. 127–138.

Carnes, S.A., and Reed, R.M., 1995, Lessons learned and new challenges for integrated 

assessment under the National Environmental Policy Act: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 18 p.

Chakravorty, U., Nauges, C., and Thomas, A., 2008, Clean air regulation and heterogeneity in 

U.S. gasoline prices: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, 

p. 106–122.

Chang, Y., Ries, R.J., and Wang, Y., 2010, The embodied energy and environmental emissions 

of construction projects in China—An economic input-output LCA model: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6597–6603.

Chen, C., Habert, G., Bouzidi, Y., and Jullien, A., 2010, Environmental impact of cement 

production—Detail of the different processes and cement plant variability evaluation: 

Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 18, no. 5, p. 478–485.
147

Chernyavs'ka, L., and Gullì, F., 2010, Measuring the environmental benefits of hydrogen 

transportation fuel cycles under uncertainty about external costs: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 10, p. 5335–5345.

Ciaccia, G., Doni, N., and Fontini, F., 2010, Auctioning wind power sites when environmental 

quality matters: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1734–1740.

Clark, E.M., and Van Horn, A.J., 1976, Risk-benefit analysis and public policy—A bibliography: 

Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 81 p.

Coelho, S.T., Bolognini, M.F., Silva, O.C., and Paletta, C.E.M., 1999, Biofuels in Brazil—The 

current situation: São Paulo, Brazil, Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa 

(CENBIO), The National Reference Center on Biomass, 3 p.

Cohen, T.M., and Bleakly, D.R., 1997, Addressing environmental justice under the National 

Environment Policy Act at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico: Albuquerque, N. 

M., Sandia National Laboratories, 91 p.

Committee on Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects, 2007, Environmental impacts of 

wind-energy projects: Washington, D.C., National Academies of Science, 394 p.

Copeland, H.E., Tessman, S.A., Girvetz, E.H., Roberts, L., Enquist, C., Orabona, A., Patla, S., 

and Kiesecker, J., 2010, A geospatial assessment on the distribution, condition, and 

vulnerability of Wyoming's wetlands: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 4, p. 869–879.

Cox, K.E., and Williamson Jr., K.D., 1979, Implications of hydrogen energy: Cleveland, Ohio, 

CRC Press, 129 p.

Dai, C., Tao, J., Zhao, M., and Jiang, B., 2007, Energetic efficiency and environmental, 

economic, societal benefits of microdiesel from biowastes: Energy Exploration & 

Exploitation, v. 25, no. 3, p. 219–226.

Davies, R., 1984, The Sizewell B nuclear inquiry—An analysis of public participation in 

decision-making about nuclear power: Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 9, no. 

3, p. 21–32.

Davitian, H., Bright, R., and Marcuse, W., 1978, Utility load management and solar energy—

Study background and outline: Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 17 p.

DeCicco, J.M., Bernow, S.S., and Beyea, J., 1992, Environmental concerns regarding electric 

power transmission in North America: Energy Policy, v. 20, no. 1, p. 30–39.

Dermol, U., and Kontic, B., 2011, Use of strategic environmental assessment in the site selection 

process for a radioactive waste disposal facility in Slovenia: Journal of Environmental 

Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 43–52.
148

DiPeso, J., 2009, Natural gas—An energy and environmental game changer?: Environmental 

Quality Management, v. 19, no. 2, p. 85–91.

Dutzik, T., and Sargent, R., 2006, Challenging nuclear power in the states—Policy and 

organizing tools for slowing the Nuclear Renaissance: Calif., Environment California 

Research and Policy Center, 43 p.

Eckstein, L., Northrop, G., and D’Ambra, C.A., 1980, Final report on the development of 

environmental guidelines for the selection of sites for fossil energy conversion 

facilities—Criteria for the development and use of the methodology for 

environmentally—Acceptable fossil energy site evaluation and selection: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 289 p.

Elcock, D., 2007, Life-cycle thinking for the oil and gas exploration and production industry: 

Argonne, Ill., Argonne National Laboratory, 160 p.

EnerNex Corporation, K.T., Ventyx, A.G., and Nebraska Power Assoc. Nebraska, L.N., 2010, 

Statewide wind integration study—April 2008—January 2010: Knoxville, Tenn., 

EnerNex Corporation, Atlanta, Ga., Ventyx, and Lincoln, Nebr., Nebraska Power 

Association, 439 p.

Engström, R., Nilsson, M., and Finnveden, G., 2008, Which environmental problems get policy 

attention? Examining energy and agricultural sector policies in Sweden: Environmental 

Impact Assessment Review, v. 28, no. 4-5, p. 241–255.

Environmental Protection Agency, 2010, Executive summary of clean energy—Environment 

state partnership: Washington, D.C., EPA Clean Energy–Environment State Partnership 

Program, 32 p.

Ewing, R.C., 2008, Nuclear fuel cycle—Environmental impact: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 338–340.

Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, 2009, Renewable energy siting study: 

Washington, D.C., Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, 106 p.

Farhar, B.C., 1994, Trends in U.S. public perceptions and preferences on energy and 

environmental policy: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 19, p. 211–239.

Farrell, A.E., and Gopal, A.R., 2008, Bioenergy research needs for heat, electricity, and liquid 

fuels: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 373–380.

Felix, E., and Tilley, D.R., 2009, Integrated energy, environmental and financial analysis of 

ethanol production from cellulosic switchgrass: Energy, v. 34, no. 4, p. 410–436.
149

Foell, W., Green, C., Amann, M., Bhattacharya, S., Carmichael, G., Chadwick, M., Cinderby, S., 

Haugland, T., Hettelingh, J.P., Hordijk, L., Kuylenstierna, J., Shah, J., Shrestha, R., 

Streets, D., and Zhao, D., 1995, Energy use, emissions, and air pollution reduction 

strategies: Water Air and Soil Pollution, v. 85, no. 4, p. 2277–2282.

Frigerio, N.A., Habegger, L.J., King, R.F., Hoover, L.J., Clark, N.A., and Cobian, J.M., 1975, 

SITE—A methodology for assessment of energy facility siting patterns: Argonne, Ill., 

Argonne National Laboratory 116 p.

Frombo, F., Minciardi, R., Robba, M., and Sacile, R., 2009, A decision support system for 

planning biomass-based energy production: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 362–369.

Gaines, K.F., Porter, D.E., Dyer, S.A., Wein, G.R., Pinder, J.E., and Brisbin, I.L., 2004, Using 

wildlife as receptor species—A landscape approach to ecological risk assessment: 

Environmental Management, v. 34, no. 4, p. 528–545.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

Garribba, S.F., 1991, Prospects for international collaboration on energy technology and role of 

the IEA: Solar Energy Materials, v. 24, no. 1-4, p. 4–17.

Ghose, M.K., 2009, Technological challenges for boosting coal production with environmental 

sustainability: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 154, p. 373–381.

Gilles, C., Bravo, L., and Watahomigie, D., 1991, Uranium mining at the Grand Canyon—What 

costs to water, air, and indigenous people?: The Workbook, v. 16, no. 1, p. 2–17.

Glenn, F.M., Boston, C.R., Burns, J.C., Hagan Jr., C.W., Saulsbury, J.W., and Wolfe, A.K., 

1995, Bibliography of documents and related materials collected for the Hawaii 

geothermal project environmental impact statement: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 62 p.

Gold, R.L., 1985, Ranching, mining, and the human impact of natural resource development: 

New Brunswick, N.J., Transaction Books, Inc., 175 p.

Graham, R.L., 1994, The regional environmental impact of biomass production: Oak Ridge, 

Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 36 p.

Gray, R.H., 1993, Multimedia environmental monitoring—50 years at Hanford: Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment, v. 26, no. 2-3, p. 263–276.

Gray, R.H., 1997, A description of long-term environmental monitoring and assessment 

programs at two U.S. Department of Energy sites: Water Environment Research, v. 69, 

no. 5, p. 1015–1021.
150

Gowan, C., Stephenson, K., Shabman, L., and Gowan, C., 2006, The role of ecosystem valuation 

in environmental decision making—Hydropower relicensing and dam removal on the 

Elwha River: Ecological Economics, v. 56, no. 4, p. 508-523.

Habash, R.W.Y., 2010, Environmental and human impact of electromagnetic energy—Views 

toward technology and risk: Energy & Environment, v. 21, p. 107–113.

Hadrian, D.R., Bishop, I.D., and Mitcheltree, R., 1988, Automated mapping of visual impacts in 

utility corridors: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 16, no. 3, p. 261–282.

Hansen, J.L., Benson, E.D., and Hagen, D.A., 2006, Environmental hazards and residential 

property values—Evidence from a major pipeline event: Land Economics, v. 82, no. 4, p. 

529–541.

Hayman, B., Wedel-Heinen, J. and Brondsted, P., 2008, Materials challenges in present and 

future wind energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 343–353.

Hill, J., 2007, Environmental costs and benefits of transportation biofuel production from foodand lignocellulose-based energy crops—A review: Agronomy for Sustainable 

Development, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Hoerner, J.A., and Barrett, J., 2004, Smarter, cleaner, stronger—Secure jobs, a clean 

environment and less foreign oil: Oakland, Calif., Redefining Progress, 6 p.

Horwitt, D., Campbell, C., and Gray, S., 2008, Rigged game—How reckless oil and gas drilling 

on public lands threatens habitat and hunting: Who Owns the West, Environmental 

Working Group, 10 p.

Hotz, M.C.B., 1981, Resources and development—Trying to close the gap responsibly: 

Mazingira, v. 5, no. 2, p. 52–61.

Huang, G.H., Cohen, S.J., Yin, Y.Y., and Bass, B., 1998, Land resources adaptation planning 

under changing climate—A study for the Mackenzie Basin: Resources Conservation and 

Recycling, v. 24, no. 2, p. 95–119.

Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission and ALL Consulting, 2008, Reducing onshore 

natural gas and oil exploration and production impacts using a broad-based stakeholder 

approach: Tulsa, Okla., NETL, National Petroleum Technology Office, 136 p. 

Jacobsen, J.J., 1975, Dynamic analysis of the environmental and social impacts of coal 

development in the Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming, 1960 to 2010: Richland, 

Wash., Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 23 p.

Jay, S., 2010, Strategic environmental assessment for energy production: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 7, p. 3489–3497.
151

John, S., 1992, The 'amenity' clause—An insight into half a century of environmental protection 

in the United Kingdom: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, v. 17, p. 

152–165.

Jorgenson, J.C., Hoef, J.M.V., and Jorgenson, M.T., 2010, Long-term recovery patterns of Arctic 

tundra after winter seismic exploration: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 1, p. 205–221.

Keirstead, J., 2008, What changes, if any, would increased levels of low-carbon decentralised 

energy have on the built environment?: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4518–4521.

Keith, K., Sessoms, H., Neibauer, M., Skinner, Q., Bauder, J., Waskom, R., and Mesner, N., 

2005, Land and water inventory guide for landowners in areas of coal bed methane 

development: Montana State University, Northern Plains and Mountains Regional Water 

Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 54 p. 

Kempton, H., Bloomfield, T.A., Hanson, J.L., and Limerick, P., 2010, Policy guidance for 

identifying and effectively managing perpetual environmental impacts from new 

hardrock mines: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 13, no. 6, p. 558–566.

Klusman, R.W., and Matoske, C.P., 1983, Adsorption of mercury by soils from oil shale 

development areas in the Piceance Creek Basin of northwestern Colorado: Environmental 

Science and Technology, v. 17, no. 5, p. 251–256.

Kotchen, M., Moore, M., Lupi, F., and Rutherford, E., 2006, Environmental constraints on 

hydropower—An ex post benefit-cost analysis of dam relicensing in Michigan: Land 

Economics, v. 82, no. 3, p. 384–403.

Kotchen, M.J., and Moore, M.R., 2007, Private provision of environmental public goods—

Household participation in green-electricity programs: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 1–16.

Kryshev, I.I., 1995, Radioactive contamination of aquatic ecosystems following the Chernobyl 

accident: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 27, no. 3, p. 207–219.

Kunce, M., S. Gerking, and Morgan, W., 2001, Effects of environmental and land use regulation 

in the oil and gas industry using the Wyoming checkboard as an experimental design: 

American Economic Review, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1588–1593.

Kusakabe, T., 2008, A super-green factory—The Sharp Kameyama plant: Harnessing Materials 

for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 456–458.

Kusiima, J.M., and Powers, S.E., 2010, Monetary value of the environmental and health 

externalities associated with production of ethanol from biomass feedstocks: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2785–2796.
152

Lee, J.-S., and Yoo, S.-H., 2009, Measuring the environmental costs of tidal power plant 

construction—A choice experiment study: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5069–5074.

Lee, Y.E., and Koh, K.K., 2002, Decision-making of nuclear energy policy—Application of 

environmental management tool to nuclear fuel cycle: Energy Policy, v. 30, no. 13, p. 

1151–1161.

Leistritz, F.L., and Murdock, S.H., 1981, Socio-economic impact of resource development—

Methods for assessment: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 303 p.

López, I., Rodríguez, J., Burón, J.M., and García, A., 2009, A methodology for evaluating 

environmental impacts of railway freight transportation policies: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5393–5398.

Luzzati, T., and Orsini, M., 2009, Investigating the energy-environmental Kuznets curve: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 291–300.

Lynch, D., 2009, Environmental impacts of organic agriculture—A Canadian perspective: 

Canadian Journal of Plant Science, v. 89, no. 4, p. 621–628.

MacLean, R., 2009, Environmental leadership—The road to (environmental) hell is paved with 

good intentions: Wiley InterScience, 7 p.

Mani, S., Sokhansanj, S., Tagore, S., and Turhollow, A.F., 2009, Techno-economic analysis of 

using corn stover to supply heat and power to a corn ethanol plant—Part 2—Cost of heat 

and power generation systems: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 356–364.

Mariita, N.O., 2002, The impact of large-scale renewable energy development on the poor—

Environmental and socio-economic impact of a geothermal power plant on a poor rural 

community in Kenya: Energy Policy, v. 30, no. 11-12, p. 1119–1128.

Martínez, A., Uche, J., and Valero-Delgado, A., 2010, Environmental costs of a river watershed 

within the European water framework directive—Results from physical hydronomics: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1008–1016.

Matsumoto, M., 2005, The uncertain but crucial relationship between a 'new energy' technology 

and global environmental problems—The complex case of the 'Sunshine' Project: Social 

Studies of Science, v. 35, no. 4, 30 p.

McAusland, C., 2008, Trade, politics, and the environment—Tailpipe vs. smokestack: Journal of 

Environmental Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 52–71.

McLaughlin, S.B., and Walsh, M.E., 1998, Evaluating environmental consequences of producing 

herbaceous crops for bioenergy: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 14, no. 4, p. 317–324.
153

Medvedev, Z.A., 1994, Chernobyl—Eight years after: Trends in Ecology & Evolution, v. 9, no. 

10, p. 369–371.

Menetrez, M.Y., 2010, The potential environmental impact of waste from cellulosic ethanol 

production: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, v. 60, no. 2, p. 245–

250.

Meyer, L., Tsatsaronis, G., Buchgeister, J., and Schebek, L., 2009, Exergoenvironmental analysis 

for evaluation of the environmental impact of energy conversion systems: Energy, v. 34, 

no. 1, p. 75–89.

Moore, R., and Mills, T., 1977, An Environmental guide to western surface mining: Washington, 

D.C., The Service Publishing, 482 p. 

Mudd, G.M., and Diesendorf, M., 2008, Sustainability of uranium mining and milling—Toward 

quantifying resources and eco-efficiency: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 42, 

no. 7, p. 2624–2630.

Myers, D., Dorset, P., and Parker, T., 1977, Oil shale and the environment: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 30 p.

Nair, K., Smith, W., Kulkarni, R.B., and Sicherman, A., 1976, Decision analysis—A 

methodology for solving complex problems in the utility industry—Benefit-cost analysis, 

siting, and long-range planning, in American power conference, Chicago, Ill., April 1976, 

San Francisco, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, v. 38, p. 590–606.

Nasen, L.C., Noble, B.F., and Johnstone, J.F., 2011, Environmental effects of oil and gas lease 

sites in a grassland ecosystem: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 

195–204.

Nathan, H.S., Ted, E., Denis, W., Joan, B., and Patti, H., 2004, Projecting wildlife responses to 

alternative future landscapes in Oregon's Willamette Basin: Ecological Applications, v. 

14, no. 2, p. 381–400.

National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research 

Council, 2009, Liquid transportation fuels from coal and biomass—Technological status, 

costs, and environmental impacts: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 388 p.

National Research Council, 2004, Contaminants in the subsurface—Source zone assessment and 

remediation: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 372 p.

National Research Council, 2010, Hidden costs of energy—Unpriced consequences of energy 

production and use: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 373 p.

Nautiyal, S., and Kaechele, H., 2008, Fuel switching from wood to LPG can benefit the 

environment: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 28, no. 8, p. 523–532.
154

O'Rourke, D., and Connolly, S., 2003, Just oil? The distribution of environmental and social 

impacts of oil production and consumption: Annual Review of Environment and 

Resources, v. 28, p. 587–617.

Odum, H.T., 1995, Environmental accounting—Emergy and environmental decision making: 

New York, N.Y., John Wiley & Sons, 359 p.

Opaluch, J.J., Swallow, S.K., Thomas,W., Christopher, W., and Dennis, W., 1993, Evaluating 

impacts from noxious facilities—Including public preferences in current siting 

mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 41–

59.

Oughton, J.R., 2009, Biomass energy from perennial grasses—An assessment: Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 41, no. 4, p. 19.

Overby, S.T., and Overby, C.D., 2005, Native fish restoration of a southwest stream following 

decommissioning of a hydroelectric facility, in Managing watersheds for human and 

natural impacts—Engineering, ecological, and economic challenges, in Watershed 

management conference, Billings, Mont., July 2005, Proceedings: Reston, Va., American 

Society of Civil Engineers, Proceedings of Watershed 2005, 60 p.

Peplow, D., and Edmonds, R., 2005, The effects of mine waste contamination at multiple levels 

of biological organization: Ecological Engineering, v. 24, no. 1-2, p. 101–119.

Porter, W.P., Ostrowski, S., and Williams, J.B., 2010, Modeling animal landscapes: 

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 83, no.5, p. 705–712.

Portman, M., 2009, Involving the public in the impact assessment of offshore renewable energy 

facilities: Marine Policy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 332–338.

Powell, C.A., and Morreale, B.D., 2008, Materials challenges in advanced coal conversion 

technologies: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 309–315.

Power, T.M., 2003, The impact of potential oil and gas development on Otero County finances: 

New Mexico Wilderness Alliance, 13 p.

Raj, B., Vijayalakshmi, M., Vasudeva Rao, P.R., and Rao, K.B.S., 2008, Challenges in materials 

research for sustainable nuclear energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p.

327–337.

Raukas, A., and Punning, J.-M., 2009, Environmental problems in the Estonian oil shale 

industry: Energy & Environmental Sciences, v. 7, p. 723–728.

Richter, B.D., and Thomas, G.A., 2007, Restoring environmental flows by modifying dam 

operations: Ecology and Society, v. 12, no. 1, p. 1–26.
155

Rom, W.N., and Lee, J., 1963, Energy alternatives—What are their possible health effects?: 

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 132A–144A.

Salvarli, H., 2009, For sustainable development—Some aspects on energy and environment in 

Turkey: Energy Sources Part B—Economics, Planning and Policy, v. 4, no. 4, p. 356–

364.

Salmi, O.H., and Hukkinen, J.I., 2007, Cultural contextualization of indicators of humanenvironment interaction—The case of the Kola mining network: Environmental Sciences, 

v. 4, no. 4, p. 209–228.

Secchi, S., Gassman, P.W., Williams, J.R., and Babcock, B.A., 2009, Corn-based ethanol 

production and environmental quality—A case of Iowa and the conservation reserve 

program: Environmental Management, v. 44, no. 4, p. 732–744.

Sedjo, R.A., 2007, From oilfields to energy farms—A brief look at the environmental 

consequences of biofuels: Resources, v. 166, p. 16-19.

Shova, T., and Hubacek, K., 2011, Drivers of illegal resource extraction—An analysis of Bardia 

National Park, Nepal: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 156–164.

Shuey, C., Robinson, P., and Taylor, L., 1985, The “costs” of uranium—Who’s paying with 

lives, lands, and dollars: The Workbook, v. 10, no. 3, p. 102–117.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Silalertruksa, T., and Gheewala, S.H., 2009, Environmental sustainability assessment of bioethanol production in Thailand: Energy, v. 34, no. 11, p.1933–1946.

Sivanpillai, R., Prager, S.D., and Storey, T.O., 2009, Estimating sagebrush cover in semi-arid 

environments using Landsat Thematic Mapper data: International Journal of Applied 

Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 11, no. 2, p. 103–107.

Skarback, E., and Becht, P., 2005, Landscape perspective on energy forests: Biomass & 

Bioenergy, v. 28, no. 2, p. 151–159.

Smil, V., 2000, Energy in the twentieth century—Resources, conversions, costs, uses, and 

consequences: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 25, p. 21–51.

Smith, J.W., and Weber, S.L., 2005, Multi-agency permitting teams— Teamwork as a critical 

tool to joint delivery of transportation and environmental protection needs: Energy and 

Environmental Concerns, v. 1941, p. 129–135.
156

Sorensen, J., Soderstrom, J., and Copenhaver, E., 1987, Impacts of hazardous technology—The 

psycho-social effects of restarting TMI-1: New York, N.Y., New York State University 

Press, 233 p.

Söderman, T., 2006, Treatment of biodiversity issues in impact assessment of electricity power 

transmission lines—A Finnish case review: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 

v. 26, no. 4, p. 319–338.

Strachan, P.A., Lal, D., and Malmborg, F.V., 2005, The evolving U.K. wind energy industry—

Critical policy and management aspects of the emerging research agenda: European 

Environment, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1–18.

Strupczewski, A., 2003, Accident risks in nuclear-power plants: Applied Energy, v. 75, no. 1–2, 

p. 79–86.

Sweigard, R.J., and Ramani, R.V., 1986, Site planning process—Application to land use 

potential evaluation for mined land: Mining Engineering, v. 38, no. 6, p. 427–432.

Syakila, A., Kroeze, C., and Slomp, C.P., 2010, Neglecting sinks for N2O at the earth's surface—

Does it matter?: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, 

p. 79–87.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

Thomas, K., Dunster, H.J., and Green, C., 1981, Comparative risk perception—How the public 

perceives the risks and benefits of energy systems [and discussion]: Proceedings of the 

Royal Society of London, Series A, v. 376, no. 1764, p. 35–50.

Thompson, R.C., Moore, C.J., vom Saal, F.S., and Swan, S.H., 2009, Plastics, the environment 

and human health—Current consensus and future trends: Philosophical Transactions of 

the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, v. 364, no. 1526, p. 2153–2166.

Thórhallsdóttir, T.E., 2007, Environment and energy in Iceland—A comparative analysis of 

values and impacts: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 27, no. 6, p. 522–544.

Thórhallsdóttir, T.E., 2007, Strategic planning at the national level—Evaluating and ranking 

energy projects by environmental impact: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 

27, no. 6, p. 545–568.

Tolbert, V.R., and Wright, L.L., 1998, Environmental enhancement of U.S. biomass crop 

technologies—Research results to date: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 15, no. 1, p. 93–100.
157

Tsikata, M., and Sebitosi, A.B., 2010, Struggling to wean a society away from a century-old 

legacy of coal based power—Challenges and possibilities for South African electric 

supply future: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1281–1288.

Tsoutso, T., Frantzeskaki, N., and Gekas, V., 2005, Environmental impacts from the solar energy 

technologies: Energy Policy, v. 33, no. 3, p. 289–296.

Turnpenny, J., Lorenzoni, I., and Jones, M., 2009, Noisy and definitely not normal—Responding 

to wicked issues in the environment—Energy and health: Environmental Science & 

Policy, v. 12, no. 3, p. 347–358.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2009, Approved resource management plan 

amendments/record of decision (ROD) for designation of energy corridors on Bureau of 

Land Management-administered lands in the 11 western states: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Bureau of Land Management, 104 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 1980, Safety and environmental considerations for licensing, 

volume 6 of Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power—Report of the 

nonproliferation alternative systems assessment program: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 152 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 1986, Environmental assessment overview—Yucca Mountain Site, 

Nevada research and development area, Nevada: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of 

Energy, 44 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2004, Sustainable development of North America’s oil and natural 

gas—Ensuring plentiful energy and a clean environment: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 12 p. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Final environmental impact statement for 

standards for control of byproduct materials from uranium processing: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation Programs, 40 CFR 192, 550 

p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Potential health and environmental hazards of 

uranium mine wastes, Vol. 2: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Office of Radiation Programs, 505 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994, Technical resource document—Uranium—

Extraction and beneficiation of ores and minerals, Volume 5: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste, EPA/530–R–94–032, 125 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Technologically enhanced naturally occurring 

radioactive materials from uranium mining, Volume 2—Investigation of potential health, 

geographic, and environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 312 p.
158

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1977, Public comments and task force responses 

regarding the environmental survey of the reprocessing and waste management portions 

of the LWR fuel cycle: Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office 

of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, 425 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2001, Nuclear material safety and safeguards: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Public Affairs, 11 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2002, Environmental monitoring: Washington, D.C., U.S.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2 p.

Uri, N.D., Atwood, J.D., and Sanabria, J., 1999, The environmental benefits and costs of 

conservation tillage: Environmental Geology, v. 38, no. 2, p. 111–125.

Van de Velde, L., Verbeke, W., Popp, M., and Van Huylenbroeck, G., 2010, The importance of 

message framing for providing information about sustainability and environmental 

aspects of energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5541–5549.

Vellini, M., and Savioli, M., 2009, Energy and environmental analysis of glass container 

production and recycling: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2137–2143.

Watson, M.L., 2005, Habitat fragmentation and the effects of roads on wildlife and habitats: 

Conservation Services Division, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, 18 p.

Weisbrot, M., and Szembrot, N., 2008, Oil drilling in environmentally sensitive areas—The role 

of the media: Washington, D.C., Center for Economic and Policy Research, 4 p.

Zachmann, L., Moffet, C., and Adler, P., 2010, Mapped quadrats in sagebrush steppe—Longterm data for analyzing demographic rates and plant-plant interactions: Ecology, v. 91, 

no. 11, p. 3427.

Climate Change

The resources listed here reflect the recent increase of attention (over the past ten years)

to issues concerning climate change and its expansive effects. This sub-category covers the 

relationship of climate change and various energy sources, the influence of end-use practices,

climate change effects on a plethora of environmental aspects, and the predicted outcomes of 

mitigated and unmitigated change. Studies that deal specifically with climate change as it relates 

to greenhouse gases and natural carbon-dioxide emissions are listed under separate subheadings.

Adua, L., 2010, To cool a sweltering earth—Does energy efficiency improvement offset the 

climate impacts of lifestyle?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5719–5732.

Akimoto, K., Sano, F., Homma, T., Oda, J., Nagashima, M., and Kii, M., 2010, Estimates of 

GHG emission reduction potential by country, sector, and cost: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

7, p. 3384–3393.
159

Anandarajah, G., and Strachan, N., 2010, Interactions and implications of renewable and climate 

change policy on U.K. energy scenarios: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6724–6735.

Anderson, D., 1997, Renewable energy technology and policy for development: Annual Review 

of Energy and the Environment, v. 22, p. 187–215.

Anderson, M., and Gardiner, D. 2007, The future of oil—Energy security, climate risks, and 

market opportunities: Civil Society Institute, The Coalition for Environmentally 

Responsible Economies, 29 p.

Bahn, O., Edwards, N.R., Knutti, R., and Stocker, T.F., 2011, Energy policies avoiding a tipping 

point in the climate system: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 334–348.

Bang, G., 2009, Energy security and climate change concerns—Triggers for energy policy 

change in the United States?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1645–1653.

Berg, E., Kverndokk, S., and Rosendahl, K.E., 2002, Oil exploration under climate treaties: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 44, no. 3, p. 493–516.

Bollen, J., Hers, S., and Zwaan, B., 2009, An integrated assessment of climate change, air 

pollution, and energy security policy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4021–4030.

Brown, M.A., and Baek, Y., 2010, The forest products industry at an energy/climate crossroads: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7665–7675.

Cantore, N., and Padilla, E., 2010, Equality and CO2 emissions distribution in climate change 

integrated assessment modeling: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 298–313.

Chang, L.H., Draves, J.D., and Hunsaker, C.T., 1992, Climate change and water supply, 

management, and use—A literature review: Washington, D.C., Environmental Sciences 

Division, Publication No. 3805, 91 p.

Council of the European Union, 2008, Energy and climate change—Elements of the final 

compromise: Brussels, Belgium, The European Union, 15 p.

Crow, J.F., 1981, Comparison of energy risks: Proceedings of the American Philosophical 

Society, v. 125, no. 4, 8 p.

Curtis, F., 2009, Peak globalization—Climate change, oil depletion and global trade: Ecological 

Economics, v. 69, no. 2, p. 427–434.

Eccleston, C.H., 2009, Can geo-engineering reverse climate change?: Environmental Quality 

Management, v. 19, no. 2, p. 21–28.

Eccleston, C.H., 2009, Risk in review—Nuclear energy in the context of climate change: 

Environmental Quality Management, v. 18, no. 4, p. 45-52.
160

Ekholm, T., Soimakallio, S., Moltmann, S., Hohne, N., Syri, S., and Savolainene, I., 2009, Effort 

sharing in ambitious, global climate change mitigation scenarios: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 4, p. 1797–1810.

Energy Analysis Program, 1998, Current work in energy analysis—Energy analysis program—

1996 annual report: Calif., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 51 p.

Erb, K.H., Krausmann, F., Lucht, W., and Haberl, H., 2009, Embodies HANPP—Mapping the 

spatial disconnect between global biomass production and consumption: Ecological 

Economics, v. 69, no. 2, p. 328–334.

Ferguson, E.T., 1994, Sustainability and energy policy: Renewable Energy, v. 5, no. 2, p. 1–14.

Fischer, C., and Newell, R., 2004, Environmental and technology policies for climate change and 

renewable energy: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 47 p.

Frederick, K.D., and Rosenberg, N.J., 1994, Assessing the impacts of climate change on natural 

resource systems: New York, N.Y., Springer Publishing, 384 p.

Gerst, M.D., Howarth, R.B., and Borsuk, M.E., 2010, Accounting for the risk of extreme 

outcomes in an integrated assessment of climate change: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 

4540–4548.

Ginley, D., Green, M.A., and Collins, R., 2008, Solar energy conversion toward 1 terawatt: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 355–364.

Godwin, D.S., Van Pelt, M.M., and Krasney, T.L., 2010, An analysis of reduction opportunities 

for consumption of hydrofluorocarbons and comparisons to U.S. climate policy 

proposals: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 

187—199.

Greene, D.L., 2009, Energy assurance—Essential energy technologies for climate protection and 

energy security: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 127 p.

Gronlund, L., Lochbaum, D., and Lyman, E., 2007, Nuclear power in a warming world—

Assessing the risks, addressing the challenges: Cambridge, Mass., Union of Concerned 

Scientists, 82 p.

Hekkenberg, M., Moll, H.C., and Uiterkamp, A.J.M., 2009, Dynamic temperature dependence 

patterns in future energy demand models in the context of climate change: Energy, v. 34, 

no. 11, p. 1797–1806.
161

Hoffert, M.I., Caldeira, K., Benford, G., Criswell, D.R., Green, C., Herzog, H., Jain, A.K., 

Kheshgi, H.S., Lackner, K.S., Lewis, J.S., Lightfoot, H.D., Manheimer, W., Mankins, 

J.C., Mauel, M.E., Perkins, L.J, Schlesinger, M.E., Volk, T., and Wigley, T.M.L., 2002, 

Advanced technology paths to global climate stability—Energy for a greenhouse planet: 

Science, v. 298, no. 5595, p. 981–987.

Hoogensen, G., Bazely, D., Gabrielson, G.W., Brathen, K.-A., Repnevski, A., Christensen, J., 

Tanentzap, A, Feldt, A., and Zaretskaia, O., 2006, The impacts of oil and gas activity on 

peoples in the Arctic using a multiple securities perspective (GAPS): Tromsø, Norway, 

University of Tromsø, Norwegian Research Council, 5 p.

Huang, G.H., Cohen, S.J., Yin, Y.Y., and Bass, B., 1998, Land resources adaptation planning 

under changing climate—A study for the Mackenzie Basin: Resources Conservation and 

Recycling, v. 24, no. 2, p. 95–119.

Huntington, H.G., and Brown, S.P.A., 2004, Energy security and global climate change 

mitigation: Energy Policy, v. 32, no. 6, p. 715–718.

Jacobson, M.Z., 2009, Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security: 

Energy & Environmental Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 148–173.

Kickert, R.N., Tonella, G., Simonov, A., and Krupa, S.V., 1999, Predictive modeling of effects 

under global change: Environmental Pollution, v. 100, no. 1-3, p. 87–132.

Koplow, D., and Martin, A., 1998, Fueling global warming—Federal subsidies to oil in the 

United States: Washington, D.C., Greenpeace, 140 p.

Kopytko, N., and Perkins, J., 2011, Climate change, nuclear power, and the adaptationmitigation dilemma: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 318–333.

Knapp, V., Pevec, D., and Matijevic, M., 2010, The potential of fission nuclear power in 

resolving global climate change under the constraints of nuclear fuel resources and oncethrough fuel cycles: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6793–6803.

Kromer, M.A., Bandivadekar, A., and Evans, C., 2010, Long-term greenhouse gas emission and 

petroleum reduction goals—Evolutionary pathways for the light-duty vehicle sector: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 387–397.

Kydd, A.H., 2010, Learning together, growing apart—Global warming—Energy policy and 

international trust: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2675–2680.

Liao, S.-Y., Tseng, W.-C., and Chen, C.-C., 2010, Eliciting public preference for nuclear energy 

against the backdrop of global warming: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7054–7069.

Lloyd, B., and Forest, A.S., 2010, The transition to renewables—Can PV provide an answer to 

the peak oil and climate change challenges?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7378–7394.
162

Macilwain, C., 1997, Public rejects sceptics' line on global warming: Nature, v. 389, p. 531.

Mansur, E.T., Mendelsohn, R., and Morrison, W., 2008, Climate change adaptation—A study of 

fuel choice and consumption in the U.S. energy sector: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 2, p. 175–193.

Mideksa, T.K., and Kallbekken, S., 2010, The impact of climate change on the electricity 

market—A review: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3579–3585.

Miller, A.I., Suppiah, S., and Duffey, R., 2006, Climate change gains more from nuclear 

substitution than from conservation: Nuclear Engineering and Design, v. 236, no. 14-16, 

p. 1657–1667.

National Research Council, 2010, Verifying greenhouse gas emissions—Methods to support 

international climate agreements committee on methods for estimating greenhouse gas

emissions: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 124 p.

Nemet, G.F., 2010, Robust incentives and the design of a climate change governance regime: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7216–7225.

Palmer, M.A., Lettenmaier, D.P., LeRoy Poff, N., Postel, S., Richter, B., and Warner, R., 2009, 

Climate change and river ecosystems—Protection and adaptation options: Environmental 

Management, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1053–1068.

Peterson, T.D., and Rose, A.Z., 2006, Reducing conflicts between climate policy and energy 

policy in the U.S.—The important role of the states: Energy Policy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 619–

631.

Phadke, R., Manning, C., Diebolt, A., and Kazinka, M., 2009, Wind energy and scenic 

considerations in Wyoming—Workshop Report: Saint Paul, Minn., Macalester College, 

10 p.

Pilli-Sihvola, K., Aatola, P., Ollikainen, M., and Tuomenvirta, H., 2010, Climate change and 

electricity consumption—Witnessing increasing or decreasing use and costs?: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, p. 2409–2419.

Ramana, M.V., 2009, Nuclear power—Economic, safety, health, and environmental issues of 

near-term technologies: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 34, p. 127–

152.

Ren, D., 2010, Effects of global warming on wind energy availability: Journal of Renewable and 

Sustainable Energy, v. 2, p. 052301.

Rusche, T.M., 2010, The European climate change program—An evaluation of stakeholder 

involvement and policy achievements: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6349–6359.
163

Sarofim, M.C., 2010, Using black carbon metrics in climate policy: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 135–144.

Schubert, R., and Blasch, J., 2010, Sustainability standards for bioenergy—A means to reduce 

climate change risks?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2797–2805.

Skodvin, T., 2010, "Pivotal politics" in U.S. energy and climate legislation: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 8, p. 4214–4223.

Scrase, J.I., and Ockwell, D.G., 2010, The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in 

sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2225–2233.

Szargut, J., and Stanek, W., 2010, Thermo-climatic cost of the domestic consumption products: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1196–1199.

Uusi-Rauva, C., and Tienari, J., 2010, On the relative nature of adequate measures—Media 

representations of the E.U. energy and climate package: Global Environmental Change, 

v. 20, no. 3, p. 492–501.

Verbruggen, A., and Al Marchohi, M., 2010, Views on peak oil and its relation to climate change 

policy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5572–5581.

Vogel, E., Goodman, M.K., Boykoff, M.T., and Evered, K.T., 2008, Regional power and the 

power of the region—Resisting dam removal in the Pacific northwest—Contentious 

Geographies—Environmental Knowledge, Meaning, Scale: Ashgate Publishing 

Company, p. 165–217.

Vogler, J., 2010, The institutionalization of trust in the international climate regime: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2681–2687.

Weisser, D., Howells, M., Rogner, H.-H., 2008, Nuclear power and post-2012 energy and 

climate change policies: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 11, no. 6, p. 467-477.

Zerriffi, H., and Wilson, E., 2010, Leapfrogging overdevelopment? Promoting rural renewables 

for climate change mitigation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 2689–1700.

Greenhouse Gases

Alvarez, R., Schlienger, P., and Weilenmann, M., 2010, Effect of hybrid system battery 

performance on determining CO2 emissions of hybrid electric vehicles in real-world 

conditions: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6919–6925.

Akella, A.K., Saini, R.P., and Sharma, M.P., 2008, Social, economical and environmental 

impacts of renewable energy systems: Renewable Energy, v. 34, no. 2009, p. 390–396.
164

Arnold, K., 2010, Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation of production and use of 

bio-methane—Sensitivity of effects from N2O emissions: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, p. 257–267.

Arunachalam, V.S., and Fleischer, E.L. 2008, The global energy landscape and materials 

innovation: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 264–288.

Baiocchi-Mooney, L., 2010, Regulating green house gas emissions via the Clean Air Act—

Disastrous, our only viable option, or both? Environmental & Energy Law & Policy 

Journal, v. 4, no. 2, p. 305–312.

Beerten, J., Laes, E., Meskens, G., and D’haeseleer, W., 2009, Greenhouse gas emissions in the 

nuclear life cycle—A balanced appraisal: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5056–5068.

Benson, S.M., and Orr Jr., F.M., 2008, Carbon dioxide capture and storage: Harnessing Materials 

for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 303–305.

Besmann, T.M., 2010, Projections of U.S. GHG reductions from nuclear power new capacity 

based on historic levels of investment: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2431–2437.

Birge, J.R., and Rosa, C.H., 1996, Incorporating investment uncertainty into greenhouse policy 

models: Energy Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 79–90.

Brandt, A.R., Plevin, R.J., and Farrell, A.E., 2010, Dynamics of the oil transition—Modeling 

capacity, depletion, and emissions: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2852–2860.

Burtraw, D., Krupnick, A., Palmer, K., Paul, A., Toman, M., and Bloyd, C., 2003, Ancillary 

benefits of reduced air pollution in the U.S. from moderate greenhouse gas mitigation 

policies in the electricity sector: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 

v. 45, no. 3, p. 650–673.

Caliskan, H., and Hepbasli, A., 2010, Energy and exergy prices of various energy sources along 

with their CO2 equivalents: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3468–3481.

Choi, J.K., Bakshi, B.R., and Haab, T., 2010, Effects of a carbon price in the U.S. on economic 

sectors, resource use, and emissions—An input-output approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 7, p. 3527–3536.

Croezen, H., and Kampman, B., 2009, The impact of ethanol and ETBE blending on refinery 

operations and GHG–emissions: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5226–5238.

D' Avignon, A., Carloni, F.A., Rovere, E.L.L., and Bubeux, C.B.S., 2009, Emission inventory—

An urban public policy instrument and benchmark: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4838–

4847.
165

Dahowski, R.T., and Dooley, J.J., 2004, Carbon management strategies for U.S. electricity 

generation capacity—A vintage-based approach: Energy, v. 29, no. 9-10, p. 1589–1598.

Damen, K., Faaij, A., Bergen, F.V., Gale, J., and Lysen, E., 2005, Identification of early 

opportunities for CO2 sequestration—Worldwide screening for CO2-EOR and CO2-

ECBM projects: Energy, v. 30, no. 10, p. 1931–1952.

Dyer, J.A., Kulshreshtha, S.N., McConkey, B.G., and Desjardins, R.L., 2010, An assessment of 

fossil fuel energy use and CO2 emissions from farm field operations using a regional 

level crop and land use database for Canada: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2261–2269.

European Environemtal Bureau, 2002, Biofuels are not green enough!: Brussels, Belgium,

European Environmental Bureau (EEB) Position Paper, 6 p.

Feron, P.H.M., 2010, Exploring the potential for improvement of the energy performance of coal 

fired power plants with post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide: International Journal 

of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 4, no. 2, p. 152–160.

Fissore, C., Espeleta, J., Nater, E., Hobbie, S., and Reich, P., 2009, Limited potential for 

terrestrial carbon sequestration to offset fossil-fuel emissions in the upper Midwestern 

U.S.: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 8, no. 8, p. 409–413.

Foell, W., Green, C., Amann, M., Bhattacharya, S., Carmichael, G., Chadwick, M., Cinderby, S., 

Haugland, T., Hettelingh, J.P., Hordijk, L., Kuylenstierna, J., Shah, J., Shrestha, R., 

Streets, D., and Zhao, D., 1995, Energy use, emissions, and air pollution reduction 

strategies: Water Air and Soil Pollution, v. 85, no. 4, p. 2277–2282.

Froese, R.E., Shonnard, D.R., Miller, C.A., Koers, K.P., and Johnson, D.M., 2010, An evaluation 

of greenhouse gas mitigation options for coal-fired power plants in the U.S. Great Lakes 

states: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 251–262.

Garg, A., and Shukla, P.R., 2009, Coal and energy security for India—Role of carbon dioxide 

(CO2), capture and storage (CCS): Energy, v. 34, no. 8, p. 1032–1041.

Gielen, D., Newman, J., and Patel, M.K., 2008, Reducing industrial energy use and CO2

Emissions—The role of materials science: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, 

p. 471–477.

Greene, D.L., Boudreaux, P.R., Dean, D.J., Fulkerson, W., Gaddis, A.L., Graham, R.L., Graves, 

R.L., Hopson, R.L., Hughes, P., Lapsa, M.V., Mason, T.E., Standaert, R.F., Wilbanks, 

T.J., and Zucker, A., 2010, The importance of advancing technology to America's energy 

goals: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3886–3890.

Halmann, M., and Steinfeld, A., 2006, Fuel saving, carbon dioxide emission avoidance, and 

syngas production by tri-reforming of flue gases from coal- and gas-fired power stations, 

and by the carbothermic reduction of iron oxide: Energy, v. 31, no. 15, p. 3171–3185.
166

Hobbs, B. F., Bushnell, J., and Wolak, F.A. 2010, Upstream vs. downstream CO2 trading—A 

comparison for the electricity context: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3632–3643.

Howarth, R.B., and Monahan, P.A., 1992, Economics, ethics, and climate policy: Berkeley, 

Calif., Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 72 p.

Kenny, R., Law, C., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Towards real energy economics—Energy policy 

driven by life-cycle carbon emission: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1969–1978.

Kharecha, P.A., Kutscher, C.F., Hansen, J.E., and Mazria, E., 2010, Options for near-term 

phaseout of CO2 emissions from coal use in the United States: Environmental Science & 

Technology, v. 44, no. 11, p. 4050–4062.

Kim, H.S., and Koo, W.W., 2009, Factors affecting the carbon allowance market in the U.S.: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1879–1884.

Korre, A., Nie, Z.G., and Durucan, S., 2010, Life cycle modelling of fossil fuel power generation 

with post-combustion CO2 capture: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 

4, no. 2, p. 289–300.

Kort, E.A., Andrews, A.E., Dlugokencky, E., Sweeney, C., Hirsch, A., Eluszkiewicz, J., 

Nehrkorn, T., Michalak, A., Stephens, B., Gerbig, C., Miller, J.B., Kaplan, J., Houweling, 

S., Daube, B.C., Tans, P., and Wofsy, S.C., 2010, Atmospheric constraints on 2004 

emissions of methane and nitrous oxide in North America from atmospheric 

measurements and a receptor-oriented modeling framework: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 125–133.

Kroeze, C., Dumont, E., and Seitzinger, S., 2010, Future trends in emissions of N2O from rivers 

and estuaries: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 

71–78.

Kuleszo, J., Kroeze, C., Post, J., and Fekete, B.M., 2010, The potential of blue energy for 

reducing emissions of CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 89–96.

Lenzen, M., 2008, Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions of nuclear energy—A 

review: Energy Conversion and Management, v. 49, no. 8, p. 2178–2199.

Lin, Q.G., and Huang, G.H., 2010, An inexact two-stage stochastic energy systems planning 

model for managing greenhouse gas emission at a municipal level: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, 

p. 2270–2280.

Mack, J., and Endemann, B., 2010, Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible—Toward 

federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 2, p. 735–743.
167

McCollum, D., and Yang, C., 2009, Achieving deep reductions in U.S. transport greenhouse gas 

emissions—Scenario analysis and policy implications: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 

5580–5596.

Miller, S.A., Landis, A.E., and Theis, T.L., 2007, Environmental trade-offs of biobased 

production: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 15, p. 5176–5182.

Mori, S., and Saito, T., 2004, Potentials of hydrogen and nuclear towards global warming 

mitigation—Expansion of an integrated assessment model MARIA and simulations: 

Energy Economics, v. 26, no. 4, p. 565–578.

National Research Council, 2009, Driving and the built environment—The effects of compact 

development on motorized travel—Energy, use, and CO2 emissions: Washington, D.C., 

Transportation Research Board, 257 p.

National Research Council, 2010, Verifying greenhouse gas emissions—Methods to support 

international climate agreements committee on methods for estimating greenhouse gas

emissions: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 124 p.

Olajire, A.A., 2010, CO2 capture and separation technologies for end-of-pipe applications—A 

review: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2610–2628.

Piñeiro, G., Jobbágy, E.G., Baker, J., Murray, B.C., and Jackson, R.B., 2009, Set-asides can be 

better climate investment than corn ethanol: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 2, p. 277–

282.

Praetorius, B., and Schumacher, K., 2009, Greenhouse gas mitigation in a carbon constrained 

world—The role of carbon capture and storage: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5081–

5093.

Pulles, T., and van Amstel, A., 2010, An overview of non-CO2 greenhouse gases: Journal of 

Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 3–19.

Ragaglini, G., Triana, F., Villani, R., and Bonari, E., 2011, Can sunflower provide biofuel for 

inland demand? An integrated assessment of sustainability at regional scale: Energy, v. 

36, no. 4, p. 2111-2118.

Ruth, M., Blohm, A., Mauer, J., Gabriel, S.A., Kesana, V.G., Chen, Y., Hobbs, B.F., and Irani, 

D., 2010, Strategies for carbon dioxide emissions reductions—Residential natural gas 

efficiency, economic, and ancillary health impacts in Maryland: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

11, p. 6926–6935.

Singh, R.D. and Tiwari, G.N., 2010, Energy conservation in the greenhouse system—A steady 

state analysis: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2367–2373.
168

Sioshansi, R., Fagiani, R., and Marano, V., 2010, Cost and emissions impacts of plug-in hybrid 

vehicles on the Ohio power system: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6703–6712.

Sivaraman, D., and Keoleian, G.A., 2010, Photovoltaic (PV) electricity—Comparative analyses 

of CO2 abatement at different fuel mix scales in the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5708–5718.

Sueyoshi, T., and Goto, M., 2010, Should the U.S. clean air act include CO2 emission control? 

Examination by data envelopment analysis: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5902–5911.

Syakila, A., Kroeze, C., and Slomp, C.P., 2010, Neglecting sinks for N2O at the earth's surface—

Does it matter?: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, 

p. 79—87.

Trainer, T., 2010, Can renewables etc. solve the greenhouse problem? The negative case: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4107–4114.

van Amstel, A., and Pulles, T., 2010, Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are still 

increasing: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 

1–2.

Whittington, H.W., 2002, Electricity generation—Options for reduction in carbon emissions: 

Philosophical Transactions—Mathematical, v. 360, p. 1653–1668. 

Wise, M., Kyle, G.P., Dooley, J.J., and Kim, S.H., 2010, The impact of electric passenger 

transport technology under an economy-wide climate policy in the United States—

Carbon dioxide emissions, coal use, and carbon dioxide capture and storage: International 

Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 4, no. 2, p. 301–308.

Weisser, D., 2007, A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply 

technologies: Energy, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1543–1559.

Xu, T., Flapper, J., and Kramer, K.J., 2009, Characterization of energy use and performance of 

global cheese processing: Energy, v. 34, no. 11, p. 1993–2000.

Natural Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Holloway, S., Pearce, J.M., Hards, V.L., Ohsumi, T., and Gale, J., 2007, Natural emissions of 

CO2 from the geosphere and their bearing on the geological storage of carbon dioxide: 

Energy, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1194–1201.

Ecosystem

Energy development, transmission, and use can have significant effects on an ecosystem 

as a whole. The citations below encompass the range of research that has looked at these effects 

from world-wide environmental effects to specific wildlife habitats. While there is overlap with 

the citations provided under the category of Natural Landscape Effects, this section attempts to 

focus more on specific aspects such as habitat impacts and biological/ecological impacts.
169

Adler, P.R., Sanderson, M.A., Boateng, A.A., Weimer, P.I., and Jung, H.J.G., 2006, Biomass 

yield and biofuel quality of switchgrass harvested in fall or spring: Agronomy Journal, v. 

98, no. 6, p. 1518–1525.

American Wind Energy Association, 2004, Proceedings of the wind energy and birds/bats 

workshop—Understanding and resolving bird and bat impacts: Washington, D.C., 

American Wind Energy Association, Audubon California, RESOLVE, Inc., 48 p.

Arnorsson, S., 2004, Environmental impact of geothermal energy utilization, in Giere, R. and 

Stille, P., eds., Energy, waste, and the environment—A geochemical perspective: 

London, Geological Society, p. 297–336.

Bahn, O., Edwards, N.R., Knutti, R., and Stocker, T.F., 2011, Energy policies avoiding a tipping 

point in the climate system: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 334–348.

Becker, J.M., Tagestad, J.D., Duberstein, C.A., and Downs, J.L., 2009, Sage-grouse and wind 

energy—Biology, habits, and potential effects from development: Pacific Northwest 

National Laboratory, 35 p.

Bellamy, P.E., Croxton, P.J., Heard, M.S., Hinsley, S.A., Hulmes, L., Hulmes, S., Nuttall, P., 

Pywell, R.F., and Rothery, P., 2009, The impact of growing miscanthus for biomass on 

farmland bird populations: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 191–199.

Berg, E., Kverndokk, S., and Rosendahl, K.E., 2002, Oil exploration under climate treaties: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 44, no. 3, p. 493–516.

Beyea, J., and Keeler, K.H., 1991, Biotechnical advances in biomass energy and chemical 

production— Impacts on wildlife and habitat: Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, v. 10, 

no. 4, p. 305–319.

Bies, L., 2006, The biofuels explosion—Is green energy good for wildlife?: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1203–1205.

Binckley, C.A., Wipfli, M.S., Medhurst, R.B., Polivka, K., Hessburg, P., Salter, R.B., and Kill, 

J.Y., 2010, Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from 

headwater streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1205–1218.

Bissell, G., and Wood, M., 1985, Wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigation plan for the Thompson 

Falls hydroelectric project—Final report—Impact Assessment and Mitigation Plan,

Thompson Falls Dam Hydroelectric Project, 27 p.

Bonachea, J., Bruschi, V.M., Hurtado, M.A., Forte, L.M., da Silva, M., Etcheverry, R., 

Cavallotto, J.L., Dantas, M.F., Pejon, O.J, Zuquette, L.V., Bezerra, M.A., Remondo, J., 

Rivas, V., Gomez–Arozamena, J., Fernandez, G., and Cendrero, A., 2010, Natural and 

human forcing in recent geomorphic change—Case studies in the Rio de la Plata basin: 

Science of the Total Environment, v. 408, no. 13, p. 2674–2695.
170

Braunstein, H.M., Kornegay, F.C., Roop, R.D., and Sharples, F.E., 1980, Environmental and 

health aspects of biomass energy systems, in Klass, D.L., and Emert, G.H., eds., Fuels 

from biomass and wastes: Ann Arbor, Mich., Ann Arbor Science Publishers, p. 463–504.

Brownell, J.A., 1981, Cumulative biological impacts of The Geysers geothermal development: 

Sacramento, Calif., California Energy Resources Conservation and Development 

Commission, 142 p.

Bridges, J.E., and Preache, M., 1981, Biological influences of power frequency electric fields—

A tutorial review from a physical and experimental viewpoints, in Bridges, J.E., and 

Preache, M., eds., Proceedings of the IEEE, v. 69, no. 9, p. 1092–1120.

Brown, M.A., and Baek, Y., 2010, The forest products industry at an energy/climate crossroads: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7665–7675.

Brown, M.T., and Vivas, M.B., 2005, Landscape development intensity index: Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment, v. 101, no. 1-3, p. 289–309.

Burtraw, D., Krupnick, A., Palmer, K., Paul, A., Toman, M., and Bloyd, C., 2003, Ancillary 

benefits of reduced air pollution in the U.S. from moderate greenhouse gas mitigation 

policies in the electricity sector: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 

v. 45, no. 3, p. 650–673.

Candel-Sánchez, F., 2006, The externalities problem of transboundary and persistent pollution: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 52, no. 1, p. 517–526.

Camasso, M.J., and Wilkinson, K.P., 1990, Severe child maltreatment in ecological 

perspective—The case of the Western energy boom: Journal of Social Service Research, 

v. 13, no. 3, p. 1–18.

Campbell, J.H., Wang, F.T., Mead, S.W., and Busby, J.F., 1979, Groundwater quality near an 

underground coal gasification experiment: Journal of Hydrology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 241–

266.

Chaineau, C.H., Miné, J., and Suripno, 2009, The integration of biodiversity conservation with 

oil and gas exploration in sensitive tropical environments: Biodiversity and 

Conservsation, v. 19, no. 2, p. 587–600.

Chang, L.H., Draves, J.D., and Hunsaker, C.T., 1992, Climate change and water supply, 

management, and use—A literature review: Washington, D.C., Environmental Sciences 

Division, Publication No. 3805, 91 p.

Chen, C., Habert, G., Bouzidi, Y., and Jullien, A., 2010, Environmental impact of cement 

production—Detail of the different processes and cement plant variability evaluation: 

Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 18, no. 5, p. 478–485.
171

Chen, D., Ma, X., Mu, H., and Li, P., 2010, The inequality of natural resources consumption and 

its relationship with the social development level based on the ecological footprint and 

the HDI: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 

69–86.

Christman, R.C., Haslbeck, J., Sedlik, B., Murray, W., and Wilson, W., 1980, Activities, effects 

and impacts of the coal fuel cycle for a 1,000-MWe electric power generating plant: 

McLean, Va., Teknekron, Inc., 613 p.

Committee to Study Health and Environmental Effects of Increased Coal Production, 1979, 

Basis for a national reclamation plan: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 33, p. 159–

176.

Cook, J.H., Beyea, J., and Keeler, K.H., 1991, Potential impacts of biomass production in the 

United States on biological diversity: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 

16, p. 401–431.

Cook, R.B., Suter, G.W., and Sain, E.R., 1999, Introduction and background: Environmental 

toxicology and chemistry, chap. 1 of Ecological risk assessment in a large river-reservoir, 

v. 18, no. 4, p. 581–588.

Coperude, S.P., 2002, Effect of the Endangered Species Act on geophysical exploration in the 

United States: The Leading Edge, v. 21, p. 70–71. 

Cornish, J., and Lewis, N., 2007, Mine waste technology program—Acid/heavy metal tolerant 

plants: Butte, Mont., MSE Technology Applications, 51 p.

Crow, J.F., 1981, Comparison of energy risks: Proceedings of the American Philosophical 

Society, v. 125, no. 4, 8 p.

Czúcz, B., Gathman, J.P., and McPherson, G.R., 2010, The impending peak and decline of 

petroleum production—An underestimated challenge for conservation of ecological 

integrity: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 948–956.

Daniels, J.I., Anspaugh, L.R., and Ricker, Y.E., 1981, Technology assessment—Environmental, 

health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from U.S. tar-sand deposits: 

Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 146 p.

Denney, D., 2009, Restoring sagebrush habitat in the Pinedale Anticline natural-gas field in 

Wyoming: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 61, no. 8, p. 51–52.

Denton, H.R., 1987, The causes and consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident and 

implications for the regulation of U.S. nuclear power plants: Annals of Nuclear Energy, 

v. 14, no. 6, p. 295–315.
172

Dias de Oliveira, M.E., Vaughan, B.E., and Rykiel Jr., E.J., 2005, Ethanol as fuel—Energy, 

carbon dioxide balances, and ecological footprint: Bioscience, v. 55, no. 7, p. 593–602.

European Environemtal Bureau, 2002, Biofuels are not green enough!: Brussels, Belgium,

European Environmental Bureau (EEB) Position Paper, 6 p.

Fitzpatrick, F.C., Gray, D.D., Hyndman, J.R., Sisman, O., Suffern, J.S., Tyrrell, P.A., and West, 

D.C., 1976, Comparison between dispersed nuclear power plants and a nuclear energy 

center at a hypothetical site on Kentucky Lake, Tennessee: Oak Ridge Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 121 p.

Fletcher Jr., R.J., Robertson, B.A., Evans, J., Schemske, D.J., and Alavalapati Doran, P., 2010, 

Biodiversity conservation in the era of biofuels—Risks and opportunities: Frontiers in 

Ecology and the Environment, v. In Press, downloaded from Frontiers E–View, 12 p.

Fox, J.F., and Campbell, J.E., 2010, Terrestrial carbon disturbance from mountaintop mining 

increases lifecycle emissions for clean coal: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, 

no. 6, p. 2144–2149.

Franklin, T.M., and Burke, C.A., 2002, Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Wildlife 

Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 599–600.

Fox, G.A., 1995, Tinkering with the tinkerer—Pollution versus evolution: Environmental Health 

Perspectives, v. 103, no. 4, p. 93–100.

Fox, G.A., 2001, Wildlife as sentinels of human health effects in the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence 

Basin: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 109, no. 6, p. 853–861.

Gaines, K.F., Porter, D.E., Dyer, S.A., Wein, G.R., Pinder, J.E., and Brisbin, I.L., 2004, Using 

wildlife as receptor species—A landscape approach to ecological risk assessment: 

Environmental Management, v. 34, no. 4, p. 528–545.

Ghose, M.K., 2009, Technological challenges for boosting coal production with environmental 

sustainability: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 154, p. 373–381.

Giampietro, M., Mayumi, K., and Ramos-Martin, J., 2009, Multi-scale integrated analysis of 

societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM)—Theoretical concepts and basic 

rationale: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 313–322.

Gilles, C., Bravo, L., and Watahomigie, D., 1991, Uranium mining at the Grand Canyon—What 

costs to water, air, and indigenous people?: The Workbook, v. 16, no. 1, p. 2–17.

Good, R.E., Young Jr., D.P., and Eddy, J.P., 2002, Distribution of mountain plovers in the 

Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Cheyenne, Wyo., U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 13 

p.
173

Goodstein, E., 1992, Saturday effects in tanker oil spills: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 276–288.

Hall, S.L., 2009, Talk of clean coal ignores dirty truth: Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment, v. 7, p. 70.

Hamza, A.S.H A., Mohmoud, S.A., and Ghania, S.M., 2002, Environmental pollution by 

magnetic field associated with power transmission lines: Energy Conversion and 

Management, v. 43, no. 17, p. 2443–2452.

Harju, S.M., Dzialak, M.R., Taylor, R.C., Hayden-Wing, L.D., and Winstead, J.B., 2010,

Thresholds and time lags in effects of energy development on greater sage-grouse

populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, p. 437–448.

Haskell, S.P., Nielson, R.M., Ballard, W.B., Cronin, M.A., and McDonald, T.L., 2006, Dynamic 

responses of calving caribou to oilfields in northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 59, no. 2, p. 179–

190.

Hassan, R., Scholes, R., and Ash, N., 2010, Inland water systems, ecosystems and human wellbeing—Current state and trends: Washington, D.C., Island Press, 33 p.

Hennenberg, K.J., Dragisic, C., Haye, S., Hewson, J., Semroc, B., Savy, C., Wiegmann, K., 

Fehrenbach, H., and Fritsche, U.R., 2010, The power of bioenergy-related standards to 

protect biodiversity: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 412–423.

Hoeinghaus, D.J., Agostinho, A.A., Gomes, L.C., Pelicice, F.M., Okada, E.K., Latini, J.D., 

Kashiwaqui, E.A.L., and Winemiller, K.O., 2009, Effects of river impoundment on 

ecosystem services of large tropical rivers—Embodied energy and market value of 

artisanal fisheries: Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1222–1231.

Holloran, M.J., Kaiser, R.C., and Hubert, W., 2010, Yearling greater sage-grouse response to 

energy development in Wyoming: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 1, p. 65–

72.

Hoogensen, G., Bazely, D., Gabrielson, G.W., Brathen, K.-A., Repnevski, A., Christensen, J., 

Tanentzap, A, Feldt, A., and Zaretskaia, O., 2006, The impacts of oil and gas activity on 

peoples in the Arctic using a multiple securities perspective (GAPS): Tromsø, Norway, 

University of Tromsø, Norwegian Research Council, 5 p.

Hore-Lacy, I., 2007, Environment, health and safety issues—World nuclear energy in the 21st 

century: Academic Press, p. 111–125.

Hull, C.L., and Muir, S., 2010, Search areas for monitoring bird and bat carcasses at wind farms 

using a Monte-Carlo model: Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, v. 17, 

p. 77–87.
174

Isaacs, J.C., 2000, The limited potential of ecotourism to contribute to wildlife conservation: 

Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, p. 61–69.

Jackson, C.R., and Pringle, C.M., 2010, Ecological benefits of reduced hydrologic connectivity 

in intensively developed landscapes: BioScience, v. 60, no. 1, p. 37–46.

Jenkins, D.A., Schaefer, J.A., Rosatte, R., Bellhouse, T., Hamr, J., and Mallory, F.F., 2007, 

Winter resource selection of reintroduced elk and sympatric white-tailed deer at multiple 

spatial scales: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 88, no. 3, p. 614–624.

Jess, A., 2010, What might be the energy demand and energy mix to reconcile the world's pursuit 

of welfare and happiness with the necessity to preserve the integrity of the biosphere?: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4663–4678.

Jorgenson, J.C., Hoef, J.M.V., and Jorgenson, M.T., 2010, Long-term recovery patterns of Arctic 

tundra after winter seismic exploration: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 1, p. 205–221.

Kalin, M., 1988, Radionuclide concentrations and other characteristics of tailings, surface 

waters, and vegetation, chap. 3 of Long-term ecological behavior of abandoned uranium 

mill tailings: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, 97 p.

Kaiser, M.J., 2010, An integrated systems framework for service vessel forecasting in the Gulf of 

Mexico: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2777–2795.

Keirstead, J., 2008, What changes, if any, would increased levels of low-carbon decentralised 

energy have on the built environment?: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4518–4521.

Kessler, A., and Rubin, H., 1987, Relationships between water infiltration and oil spill migration 

in sandy soils: Journal of Hydrology, v. 91, no. 3–4, p. 187–204.

Kikuchi, R., 2008, Adverse impacts of wind power generation on collision behaviour of birds 

and anti-predator behaviour of squirrels: Journal for Nature Conservation, v. 16, no. 1, p. 

44–55.

Kim, T., Lee, K.K., Ko, K.S., and Chang, H.W., 2000, Groundwater flow system inferred from 

hydraulic stresses and heads at an underground LPG storage cavern site: Journal of 

Hydrology, v. 236, no. 3–4, p. 165–184.

Koshel, P., and McAllister, K., 2008, Transitioning to sustainability through research and 

development on ecosystem services and biofuels—Workshop summary: Washington, 

D.C., National Acadamies Press, 130 p.

Krapu, G.L., Brandt, D.A., and Cox, R.R., 2004, Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the 

switch to genetically modified crops—Trends with important implications for wildlife 

management: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 127–136.
175

Kryshev, I.I., 1995, Radioactive contamination of aquatic ecosystems following the Chernobyl 

accident: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 27, no. 3, p. 207–219.

Kuvlesky, W.P., Brennan, L.A., Morrison, M., Boydston, K., Ballard, B., and Bryant, F., 2007, 

Wind energy development and wildlife conservation—Challenges and opportunities: 

Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2487–2498. 

Lee, D.Z., Miranowski, J.A., Shortle, J.S., and Monson, M.J., 1985, Effects of rising relative 

energy prices on soil erosion and its control: American Journal of Agricultural 

Economics, v. 67, p. 558–562.

Lookingbill, T.R., Kaushal, S.S., Elmore, A.J., Gardner, R., Eshleman, K.N., Hilderbrand, R.H., 

Morgan, R.P., Boynton, W.R., Palmer, M.A., and Dennison, W.C., 2009, Altered 

ecological flows blur boundaries in urbanizing watersheds: Ecology and Society, v. 14, 

no. 2, p. 10–29.

Masden, E.A., Haydon, D.T., Fox, A.D., Furness, R.W., Bullman, R., and Desholm, M., 2009, 

Barriers to movement—Impacts of wind farms on migrating birds: ICES Journal of 

Marine Science, v. 66, no. 4, p. 746–753.

McAusland, C., 2008, Trade, politics, and the environment—Tailpipe vs. smokestack: Journal of 

Environmental Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 52–71.

McLaughlin, S.B., and Walsh, M.E., 1998, Evaluating environmental consequences of producing 

herbaceous crops for bioenergy: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 14, no. 4, p. 317–324.

Medvedev, Z.A., 1994, Chernobyl—Eight years after: Trends in Ecology & Evolution, v. 9, no. 

10, p. 369–371.

Morfin, F., Sabroux, J.-C., and Renouprez, A., 2004, Catalytic combustion of hydrogen for 

mitigating hydrogen risk in case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant—Study of 

catalysts poisoning in a representative atmosphere: Applied Catalysis B—Environmental, 

v. 47, no. 1, p. 47–58.

Murray, L.D., Best, L.B., Jacobsen, T.J., and Braster, M.L., 2003, Potential effects on grassland 

birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 167–175.

Nasen, L.C., Noble, B.F., and Johnstone, J.F., 2011, Environmental effects of oil and gas lease 

sites in a grassland ecosystem: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 

195–204.

Nathan, H.S., Ted, E., Denis, W., Joan, B., and Patti, H., 2004, Projecting wildlife responses to 

alternative future landscapes in Oregon's Willamette Basin: Ecological Applications, v. 

14, no. 2, p. 381–400.
176

National Wind Coordinating Committee, 2002, Permitting of wind energy facilities—A 

handbook: Washington, D.C., National Wind Coordinating Committee c/o RESOLVE, 

58 p.

Nelson, R.W., and Logan, W.J., 1984, Policy on wetland impact mitigation: Environment 

International, v. 10, no. 1, p. 9–19. 

Odum, H.T., and Odum, E.C., 2001, A prosperous way down—Principles and policies: Boulder, 

Colo., University Press of Colorado, 348 p.

Orloff, S., and Flannery, A., 1992, Wind turbine effects on avian activity, habitat use, and 

mortality in Altamont Pass and Solano County Wind Resource Areas 1989–1991: 

Tiburon, Calif., BioSystems Analysis, Inc., 199 p.

Orr, D.W., and Hill, S., 1978, Leviathan, the open society, and the crisis of ecology: The 

Western Political Quarterly, v. 31, no. 4, p. 457–469.

Oughton, J.R., 2009, Biomass energy from perennial grasses—An assessment: Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 41, no. 4, p. 19.

Overby, S.T., and Overby, C.D., 2005, Native fish restoration of a southwest stream following 

decommissioning of a hydroelectric facility, in Managing watersheds for human and 

natural impacts—Engineering, ecological, and economic challenges, in Watershed 

management conference, Billings, Mont., July 2005, Proceedings: Reston, Va., American 

Society of Civil Engineers, Proceedings of Watershed 2005, 60 p.

Paine, L.K., Peterson, T.L., Undersander, D.J., Rineer, K.C., Bartelt, G.A., Temple, S.A., 

Sample., D.W., and Klemme, R.M., 1996, Some ecological and socio-economic 

considerations for biomass energy crop production: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 10, no. 4, 

p. 231–242.

Palmer, M.A., Lettenmaier, D.P., LeRoy Poff, N., Postel, S., Richter, B., and Warner, R., 2009, 

Climate change and river ecosystems—Protection and adaptation options: Environmental 

Management, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1053–1068.

Patten, B.C., 2006, Network perspectives on ecological indicators and actuators—Enfolding, 

observability, and controllability: Ecological Indicators, v. 6, no. 1, p. 6–23.

Pearce-Higgins, J.W., Stephen, L., Langston, R.H.W., Bainbridge, I.P., and Bullman, R., 2009, 

The distribution of breeding birds around upland wind farms: Journal of Applied 

Ecology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1323–1331.

Peplow, D., and Edmonds, R., 2005, The effects of mine waste contamination at multiple levels 

of biological organization: Ecological Engineering, v. 24, no. 1–2, p. 101–119.
177

Peterson, D.A., Wright, P.R., Edwards, G.P., Jr., Hargett, E.G., Feldman, D.L., Zumberge, J.R., 

and Dey, P., Ecological assessment of streams in the Powder River Structural Basin, 

Wyoming and Montana, 2005–06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations 

Report 2009–5023, 139 p.

Peterson, S.A., Ralston, N.V.C., Peck, D.V., Van Sickle, J., Robertson, J.D., Spate, V.L., and 

Morris, J.S., 2009, How might selenium moderate the toxic effects of mercury in stream 

fish of the Western U.S.?: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 43, no. 10, p. 

3919–3925.

Porter, W.P., Ostrowski, S., and Williams, J.B., 2010, Modeling animal landscapes: 

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 83, no.5, p. 705–712.

Power, M.E., Brozovic, N., Bode, Collin, and Zilberman, D., 2005, Spatially explicit tools for 

understanding and sustaining inland water ecosystems: Frontiers in Ecology, v. 3, no. 1, 

p. 47–55.

Ralston, S., 1977, The ecological effects of coal strip-mining—A bibliography with abstracts: 

Washington, D.C., Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Interior, 416 p.

Redente, E.F., 1984, Ecological studies of a natural and established ecosystems on energy related 

disturbances in Colorado: Department of Range Studies, Colorado State University, 85 p.

Richter, B.D., and Thomas, G.A., 2007, Restoring environmental flows by modifying dam 

operations: Ecology and Society, v. 12, no. 1, p. 1–26.

Roth, A.M., Sample, D.W., Ribic, C.A., Paine, L., Undersander, D.J., and Bartelt, G.A., 2005, 

Grassland bird response to harvesting switchgrass as a biomass energy crop: Biomass & 

Bioenergy, v. 28, no. 5, p. 490–498.

Rowe, C.L., Hopkins, W.A., and Congdon, J.D., 2002, Ecotoxicological implications of aquatic 

disposal of coal combustion residues in the United States—A review: Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment, v. 80, no. 3, p. 207–276.

Runge, C.F., 1984, Energy exploration on wilderness—"Privatization" and public lands 

management: Land Economics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 56–68.

Sample, B.E., and Suter, G.W., 2002, Screening evaluation of the ecological risks to terrestrial 

wildlife associated with a coal ash disposal site: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 

v. 8, no. 4, p. 637–656.

Sanchirico, J.N., and Wilen, J.E., 2005, Optimal spatial management of renewable resources—

Matching policy scope to ecosystem scale: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 23–46.
178

Santos, M., Bastos, R.,Travassos, P., Bessa, R., Repas, M., and Cabral, A.J., 2009, Predicting the 

trends of vertebrate species richness as a response to wind farms installation in mountain 

ecosystems of Northwest Portugal: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 2, p. 192–205.

Sawyer, H., 2007, Final report for the Atlantic Rim mule deer study: Cheyenne, Wyo., 

Anardarko Petroleum Company, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Warren E&P, Inc., 

Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 29 p.

Sawyer, H., Nielson, R., and Strickland, D., 2009, Sublette mule deer study (Phase II), final 

report 2007: Cheyenne, Wyo.,Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., 118 p.

Schindler, D.E., Scheuerell, M.D., Moore, J.W., Gende, S.M., Francis, T.B., and Palen, W.J., 

2003, Pacific salmon and the ecology of coastal ecosystems: Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment, v. 1, no. 1, p. 31–37.

Schummer, M.L., and Eddleman, W.R., 2003, Effects of disturbance on activity and energy 

budgets of migrating waterbirds in South-Central Oklahoma: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 67, no. 4, p. 789–795.

Sharples, F.E., 1981, Energy from agricultural biomass—Grasping at straws?: Bulletin of the 

Ecological Society of America, v. 62, no. 1, p. 14–18.

Simmonds, J.R., and Linsley, G.S., 1981, Dynamic modeling system for the transfer of 

radioactivity in terrestrial food chains: Nuclear Safety, v. 22, no. 6, p. 766–777.

Smallwood, K.S., Bell, D.A., Snyder, S.A., and Didonato, J.E., 2010, Novel scavenger removal 

trials increase wind turbine-caused avian fatality estimates: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 74, no. 5, p. 1089–1097.

Smallwood, K.S., and Karas, B., 2009, Avian and bat fatality rates at old-generation and 

repowered wind turbines in California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 

1062–1071.

Smallwood, K.S., Rugge, L., and Morrison, M.L., 2009, Influence of behavior on bird mortality 

in wind energy developments: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1082–

1098.

Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development, 2008, Recommendations for responsible oil 

and gas development: Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development, 16 p.

Suyama, H., Benes, S.E., Robinson, P.H., Getachew, G., Grattan, S.R., and Grieve, C.M., 2007, 

Biomass yield and nutritional quality of forage species under long-term irrigation with 

saline-sodic drainage water—Field evaluation: Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 

135, no. 3–4, p. 329–345.
179

Syakila, A., Kroeze, C., and Slomp, C.P., 2010, Neglecting sinks for N2O at the earth's surface—

Does it matter?: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, 

p. 79—87.

Tarlow, E.M., and Blumstein, D.T., 2007, Evaluating methods to quantify anthropogenic 

stressors on wild animals: Applied Animal Behaviour Science, v. 102, no. 3–4, p. 429–

451.

Temkin, B., 1983, State, ecology, and independence—Policy responses to the energy crisis in the 

United States: British Journal of Political Science, v. 13, no. 4, p. 441–462.

The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 2003, Integrating biodiversity conservation into oil and

gas development: The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 65 p.

The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 2010, Negative secondary impacts from oil and gas 

development: The Energy and Biodiversity Initiative, 7 p.

Thorne, J.H., Huber, P.R., Girvetz, E., Quinn, J., and McCoy, M., 2009, Integration of regional 

mitigation assessment and conservation planning: Ecology and Society, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1–

27.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Investigation of potential health, geographic, and 

environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines, volume 2 of Technologically 

enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials from uranium mining: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 312 p.

van Amstel, A., and Pulles, T., 2010, Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are still 

increasing: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 

1–2.

Walston, L.J., Cantwell, B.L., and Krummel, J.R., 2009, Quantifying spatiotemporal changes in 

a sagebrush ecosystem in relation to energy development: Ecography, v. 32, no. 6, p. 

943–952.

Wendy, W., 2004, When blade meets bat: Scientific American, v. 290, p. 20–21.

Whittingham, M.S., 2008, Electrical energy storage using flywheels: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 419–420.

Zehe, E., and Sivapalan, M., 2009, Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geoecosystems—Manifestations, controls, implications: Hydrology and Earth System 

Sciences, v. 13, no. 7, p. 1273–1297.

Landscape Concerns and Land Use

Land use plays an integral part in every aspect of energy development and use. A variety 

of issues are covered in the citations presented below, including discussions on the tracts 
180

necessary to sustain wind and solar farms, the effects of mining and drilling, and the social and 

political concerns for environmental integrity and appeal. Issues pertaining specifically to 

agricultural and mining are broken into separate subheadings. 

Bardati, D.R., and Bourgeois, C., 2008, Barrier to collaborative nature conservation efforts in 

rural energy corridors—A case study in Southern Québec, in International symposium on 

environmental concerns in rights-of-way management, 8th, Saratoga Springs, N.Y., 

September 2004, Proceedings: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier Science, 13 p.

Berkes, F., 1981, Some environmental and social impacts of the James Bay hydroelectric project, 

Canada: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 157–172.

Borges Neto, M.R., Carvalho, P.C.M., Carioca, J.O.B., and Canafistula, F.J.F., 2010, 

Biogas/photovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4497–4506.

Braunstein, H.M., Kornegay, F.C., Roop, R.D., and Sharples, F.E., 1980, Environmental and 

health aspects of biomass energy systems, in Klass, D.L., and Emert, G.H., eds., Fuels 

from biomass and wastes: Ann Arbor, Mich., Ann Arbor Science Publishers, p. 463–504.

Breukers, S., and Wolsink, M., 2007, Wind power implementation in changing institutional 

landscapes—An international comparison: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2737–2750.

Bryan, B.A., Crossman, N.D., King, D., and Meyer, W.S., 2010, Landscape futures analysis—

Assessing the impacts of environmental targets under alternative spatial policy options 

and future scenarios: Environmental Modeling & Software, v. 26, p. 83–91.

Campbell, J.E., and Block, E., 2010, Land-use and alternative bioenergy pathways for waste 

biomass: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 22, p. 8665–8669.

Crago, C.L., Khanna, M., Barton, J., Giuliani, E., and Amaral, W., 2010, Competitiveness of 

Brazilian sugarcane ethanol compared to U.S. corn ethanol: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, 

p. 7404–7415.

Dahle, D., Kirby, M., Heimiller, D., Farhar, B., and Owens, B., 2003, Assessing the potential for 

renewable energy on public lands: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 95 p.

De La Torre Ugarte, D.G., He, L., Jensen, K.L., and English, B.C., 2010, Expanded ethanol 

production—Implications for agriculture, water demand, and water quality: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1586–1596.

Del Carmen Torres Sibille, A., Cloquell-Ballester, V.A.d., Cloquell-Ballester, V.A., and Darton, 

R., 2009, Development and validation of a multicriteria indicator for the assessment of 

objective aesthetic impact of wind farms: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 

13, p. 40–66.
181

Denholm, P., Hand, M., Jackson, M., and Ong, S., 2009, Land-use requirements of modern wind 

power plants in the United States: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy 

Laboratory, 46 p.

Doherty, K.E., Naugle, D.E., Walker, B.L., and Graham, J.M., 2008, Greater sage-grouse winter 

habitat selection and energy development: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, 

p. 187–195.

Erb, K.H., Krausmann, F., Lucht, W., and Haberl, H., 2009, Embodies HANPP—Mapping the 

spatial disconnect between global biomass production and consumption: Ecological 

Economics, v. 69, no. 2, p. 328–334.

Fahrig, L., and Rytwinski, T., 2009, Effects of roads on animal abundance—An empirical review 

and synthesis: Ecology and Society, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1–21.

Fletcher Jr., R.J., Robertson, B.A., Evans, J., Schemske, D.J., and Alavalapati Doran, P., 2010, 

Biodiversity conservation in the era of biofuels—Risks and opportunities: Frontiers in 

Ecology and the Environment, v. 9, p. 161–168. 

Fu, P., and Rich, P.M., 2000, The solar analyst 1.0—User manual: Helios Environmental 

Modeling Institute, LLC, 53 p.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

Ghorbani, R., Mondani, F., Amirmoradi, S., Feizi, H., Khorramdel, S., Teimouri, M., Sanjani, S., 

Anvarkhah, S., and Aghel, H., 2011, A case study of energy use and economical analysis 

of irrigated and dryland wheat production systems: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 283–

288.

Graham, R.L., 1994, The regional environmental impact of biomass production: Oak Ridge, 

Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 36 p.

Hayden, H.C., 2005, The solar fraud—Why solar energy won't run the world: Pueblo West, 

Colo., Vales Lake Publishing LLC, 281 p.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, Energy development and the changing economy of the west: 

Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters Economics, 26 p.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, Land use effects of paving rural roads in western Montana: 

Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters Economics, 38 p.

Hoen, B., 2006, Impacts of windmill visibility on property values in Madison County, New 

York: Hundson, N.Y., Bard Center for Environmental Policy, 73 p.
182

Jackson, C.R., and Pringle, C.M., 2010, Ecological benefits of reduced hydrologic connectivity 

in intensively developed landscapes: BioScience, v. 60, no. 1, p. 37–46.

Kryshev, I.I., 1995, Radioactive contamination of aquatic ecosystems following the Chernobyl 

accident: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 27, no. 3, p. 207–219.

Kunce, M., S. Gerking, and Morgan, W., 2001, Effects of environmental and land use regulation 

in the oil and gas industry using the Wyoming checkboard as an experimental design: 

American Economic Review, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1588–1593.

Nadaï, A., and der Horst, D., 2010, Introduction—Landscapes of energies: Landscape Research, 

v. 35, no. 2, p. 143–155.

National Research Council, 2008, Water implications of biofuels production in the United States: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 87 p.

National Wind Coordinating Committee, 2002, Permitting of wind energy facilities—A 

handbook: Washington, D.C., National Wind Coordinating Committee c/o RESOLVE, 

58 p.

Palmer, M.A., Lettenmaier, D.P., LeRoy Poff, N., Postel, S., Richter, B., and Warner, R., 2009, 

Climate change and river ecosystems—Protection and adaptation options: Environmental 

Management, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1053–1068.

Phadke, R., Manning, C., Diebolt, A., and Kazinka, M., 2009, Wind energy and scenic 

considerations in Wyoming—Workshop Report: Saint Paul, Minn., Macalester College, 

10 p.

Piñeiro, G., Jobbágy, E.G., Baker, J., Murray, B.C., and Jackson, R.B., 2009, Set-asides can be 

better climate investment than corn ethanol: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 2, p. 277–

282.

Ragaglini, G., Triana, F., Villani, R., and Bonari, E., 2011, Can sunflower provide biofuel for 

inland demand? An integrated assessment of sustainability at regional scale: Energy, v. 

36, no. 4, p. 2111–2118.

Sedjo, R.A., 2007, From oilfields to energy farms—A brief look at the environmental 

consequences of biofuels: Resources, v. 166, p. 16-19.

Stevens, J., and Frank, R., 2009, Current policy and legal issues affecting recreational use of 

public lands in the American west: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 33 p.

Sweigard, R.J., and Ramani, R.V., 1986, Site planning process—Application to land use 

potential evaluation for mined land: Mining Engineering, v. 38, no. 6, p. 427–432.
183

Thomas, M.G., 1983, Human demographic impacts on fish and wildlife resources from energy 

development in rural western areas: Kansas City, Mo., Midwest Research Institute, 376 p.

Travis, W.R., Theobald, D.M., Mixon, G.W., and Dickinson, T.W., 2005, Western futures—A 

look into the patterns of land use and future development in the American west: Boulder, 

Colo., Report from the Center of the American West, v. 6, 22 p.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2009, Approved resource management plan 

amendments/record of decision (ROD) for designation of energy corridors on Bureau of 

Land Management-administered lands in the 11 western states: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Bureau of Land Management, 104 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Technologically enhanced naturally occurring 

radioactive materials from uranium mining, Volume 2—Investigation of potential health, 

geographic, and environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 312 p.

Wang, J., Chen, J., Ju, W., and Li, M., 2009, IA-SDSS—A GIS-based land use decision support 

system with consideration of carbon sequestration: Environmental Modeling & Software, 

v. 25, no. 4, p. 539–553.

Wind Powering America, 2009, Electricity from the wind—What landowners should know: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America Program, 4 p.

Wolsink, M., 2007, Planning of renewables schemes—Deliberative and fair decision-making on 

landscape issues instead of reproachful accusations of non-cooperation: Energy Policy, v. 

35, no. 5, p. 2962–2704.

Yang, J., 2008, Detecting landscape changes pre- and post surfaces coal mining in Indiana, 

U.S.A.: Geographic Information Sciences, v. 14, no. 1, p. 36–43.

Agriculture

Alexakhin, R.M., 1993, Countermeasures in agricultural production as an effective means of 

mitigating the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident: The Science of The 

Total Environment, v. 137, no. 1-3, p. 9–20.

Algers, B., and Hultgren, J., 1987, Effects of long-term exposure to a 400-kV, 50-Hz 

transmission line on estrous and fertility in cows: Preventive Veterinary Medicine, v. 5, 

no. 1, p. 21–36.

Bies, L., 2006, The biofuels explosion—Is green energy good for wildlife?: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1203–1205.

Biswas, A., 1984, Energy and agriculture—Their interacting futures—Policy implications of 

global models: Energy Policy, v. 12, no. 4, p. 469–470.
184

Blonz, J.A., Vajjhala, S.P., and Safirova, E., 2008, Growing complexities—A cross-sector 

review of U.S. biofuels policies and their interactions: Washington, D.C., Resources for 

the Future, 50 p.

Carolan, M.S., 2009, A sociological look at biofuels—Ethanol in the early decades of the 

twentieth century and lessons for today: Rural Sociology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 86–112.

Chang, H.-H., Mishra, A.K., and Livingston, M., 2011, Agricultural policy and its impact on fuel 

usage—Empirical evidence from farm household analysis: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, 

p. 348–353.

Cook, J.H., Beyea, J., and Keeler, K.H., 1991, Potential impacts of biomass production in the 

United States on biological diversity: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 

16, p. 401–431.

Coyle, W., 2010, Next-generation biofuels—Near-term challenges and implications for 

agriculture: Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Agriculture, BIO–01–01, 26 p.

DeFries, R., Asner, Gregory, P., and Foley, J., 2006, A glimpse out the window: Environment, v. 

48, no. 8, p. 22–36.

De La Torre Ugarte, D.G., He, L., Jensen, K.L., and English, B.C., 2010, Expanded ethanol 

production—Implications for agriculture, water demand, and water quality: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1586–1596.

Duniway, M.C., Herrick, J.E., Pyke, D.A., and Toledo, P.D., 2010, Assessing transportation 

infrastructure impacts on rangelands—Test of a standard rangeland assessment protocol: 

Rangeland Ecology & Management, v. 63, no. 5, p. 524–536.

Dyer, J.A., Kulshreshtha, S.N., McConkey, B.G., and Desjardins, R.L., 2010, An assessment of 

fossil fuel energy use and CO2 emissions from farm field operations using a regional 

level crop and land use database for Canada: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2261–2269.

Eichhorn, M., and Drechsler, M., 2010, Spatial trade-offs between wind power production and 

bird collision avoidance in agricultural landscapes: Ecology and Society, v. 15, no. 2, p. 

10.

Engström, R., Nilsson, M., and Finnveden, G., 2008, Which environmental problems get policy 

attention? Examining energy and agricultural sector policies in Sweden: Environmental 

Impact Assessment Review, v. 28, no. 4-5, p. 241–255.

Galembeck, F., 2010, Synergy in food, fuels and materials production from biomass: Energy & 

Environmental Science, v. 3, no. 4, p. 393–399.
185

Gaucherel, C., Griffon, S., Mission, L., and Houet, T., 2010, Combining process-based models 

for future biomass assessment at landscape scale: Landscape Ecology, v. 25, no. 2, p.

201–215.

Gaudet, G., Moreaux, M., and Withagen, C., 2006, The Alberta dilemma—Optimal sharing of a 

water resource by an agricultural and an oil sector: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 548–566.

Ghorbani, R., Mondani, F., Amirmoradi, S., Feizi, H., Khorramdel, S., Teimouri, M., Sanjani, S., 

Anvarkhah, S., and Aghel, H., 2011, A case study of energy use and economical analysis 

of irrigated and dryland wheat production systems: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 283–

288.

Gustafson, C., and Shaik, S., 2009, Distressed rural housing—Is economic, farm, or biofuel 

policy more influential in leading a recovery: American Journal of Agricultural 

Economics, v. 91, no. 5, p. 1187–1193.

Hess, J.R., Foust, T.D., Hoskinson, R., and Thompson, D., 2003, Roadmap for agriculture 

biomass feedstock supply in the United States: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of 

Energy, 105 p.

Jensen, K., Clark, C.D., Ellis, P., English, B., Menard, J., Walsh, M., and Ugarte, D., 2007, 

Farmer willingness to grow switchgrass for energy production: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 

31, no. 11-12, p. 773–781.

Kim, C., Chan, H.M., and Receveur, O., 1998, Risk assessment of cadmium exposure in Fort 

Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada: Food Additives and Contaminants, v. 15, no. 

3, p. 307–317.

Krapu, G.L., Brandt, D.A., and Cox, R.R., 2004, Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the 

switch to genetically modified crops—Trends with important implications for wildlife 

management: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 127–136.

Murray, L.D., Best, L.B., Jacobsen, T.J., and Braster, M.L., 2003, Potential effects on grassland 

birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 167–175.

Lynch, D., 2009, Environmental impacts of organic agriculture—A Canadian perspective: 

Canadian Journal of Plant Science, v. 89, no. 4, p. 621–628.

McLaughlin, S.B., and Walsh, M.E., 1998, Evaluating environmental consequences of producing 

herbaceous crops for bioenergy: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 14, no. 4, p. 317–324.

Munir, S., Nimmo, W., and Gibbs, B.M., 2010, Co-combustion of agricultural residues with 

coal—Turning waste into energy: Energy & Fuels, v. 24, p. 2146–2153.
186

Murray, L.D., Best, L.B., Jacobsen, T.J., and Braster, M.L., 2003, Potential effects on grassland 

birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 167–175.

Nakayama, T., Tomura, S., Ozaki, M., Ohmura, R., and Mori, Y.H., 2010, Engineering 

investigation of hydrogen storage in the form of clathrate hydrates—Conceptual design 

of hydrate production plants: Energy & Fuels, v. 24, p. 2576–2588.

National Research Council, 2008, Integrating multiscale observations of U.S. waters: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 210 p.

Paine, L.K., Peterson, T.L., Undersander, D.J., Rineer, K.C., Bartelt, G.A., Temple, S.A., 

Sample., D.W., and Klemme, R.M., 1996, Some ecological and socio-economic 

considerations for biomass energy crop production: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 10, no. 4, 

p. 231–242.

Papendick, R.I., and Parr, J.F., 1997, No-till farming—The way of the future for a sustainable 

dryland agriculture: Annals of Arid Zone, v. 36, no. 3, p. 193–208.

Pimentel, D., and Pimentel, M., 1996, Food, energy, and society: Niwot, Colo., Colorado 

University Press, 363 p.

Propheter, J.L., Staggenborg, S.A., Wu, X., and Wang, D., 2010, Performance of annual and 

perennial biofuel crops—Yield during the first two years: Agronomy Journal, v. 102, no. 

2, p. 806–814.

Roth, A.M., Sample, D.W., Ribic, C.A., Paine, L., Undersander, D.J., and Bartelt, G.A., 2005, 

Grassland bird response to harvesting switchgrass as a biomass energy crop: Biomass & 

Bioenergy, v. 28, no. 5, p. 490–498.

Secchi, S., Gassman, P.W., Williams, J.R., and Babcock, B.A., 2009, Corn-based ethanol 

production and environmental quality—A case of Iowa and the conservation reserve 

program: Environmental Management, v. 44, no. 4, p. 732–744.

Sharples, F.E., 1981, Energy from agricultural biomass—Grasping at straws?: Bulletin of the 

Ecological Society of America, v. 62, no. 1, p. 14–18.

Sherrington, C., and Moran, D., 2010, Modelling farmer uptake of perennial energy crops in the 

U.K.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3567–3578.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Simmonds, J.R., and Linsley, G.S., 1981, Dynamic modeling system for the transfer of 

radioactivity in terrestrial food chains: Nuclear Safety, v. 22, no. 6, p. 766–777.
187

Sorensen, A., and Daukas, J., 2010, Policy approaches to energy and resource use in U.S. 

agriculture: Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, v. 25, no. 2, p. 109–117.

Spangenberg, J.H., and Sehele, J., 2009, Biofuels—Steer clear of degraded land: Science, v. 326, 

no. 5958, p. 1346.

Tolbert, V.R., and Wright, L.L., 1998, Environmental enhancement of U.S. biomass crop 

technologies—Research results to date: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 15, no. 1, p. 93–100.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2006, Energy demands on water resources—Report to Congress on 

the interdependency of energy and water: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 

80 p.

Uri, N.D., Atwood, J.D., and Sanabria, J., 1999, The environmental benefits and costs of 

conservation tillage: Environmental Geology, v. 38, no. 2, p. 111–125.

Vogel, E., Goodman, M.K., Boykoff, M.T., and Evered, K.T., 2008, Regional power and the 

power of the region—Resisting dam removal in the Pacific northwest—Contentious 

Geographies—Environmental Knowledge, Meaning, Scale: Ashgate Publishing 

Company, p. 165–217.

Mining

Amezaga, J.M., Rotting, T.S., Younger, P.L., Nairn, R.W., Noles, A.J., Oyarzn, R., and 

Quintanilla, J., 2011, A rich vein? Mining and the pursuit of sustainability: 

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 21–26.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.

Besmann, T.M., 2010, Projections of U.S. GHG reductions from nuclear power new capacity 

based on historic levels of investment: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2431–2437.

Bryner, G., 2002, Coalbed methane development in the intermountain west, a primer: Boulder, 

Colo., Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado School of Law, 50 p.

Cornish, J., and Lewis, N., 2007, Mine waste technology program—Acid/heavy metal tolerant 

plants: Butte, Mont., MSE Technology Applications, 51 p.

Dobbs, T.L., and Kiner, P.E., 1974, Two manpower location aspects of energy resource 

development—Case of the Wyoming uranium industry: Wyoming Agricultural 

Experiment Station Journal, 13 p.

Esteves, A.M., and Vanclay, F., 2009, Social development needs analysis as a tool for SIA to 

guide corporate–community investment—Applications in the minerals industry: 

Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 29, no. 2, p. 137–145.
188

Fan, Y., Yang, R.G., and Wei, Y.M., 2007, A system dynamics based model for coal investment: 

Energy, v. 32, no. 6, p. 2199-2209.

Fang, H., Wu, J., and Zeng, C., 2009, Comparative study on efficiency performance of listed 

coal mining companies in China and the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5140–

5148.

Finch, J., 2007, Wyoming's uranium mining frenzy: Ezine Articles, 4 p.

Fox, J.F., and Campbell, J.E., 2010, Terrestrial carbon disturbance from mountaintop mining 

increases lifecycle emissions for clean coal: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, 

no. 6, p. 2144–2149.

Franklin, T.M., and Burke, C.A., 2002, Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Wildlife 

Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 599–600.

Gold, R.L., 1985, Ranching, mining, and the human impact of natural resource development: 

New Brunswick, N.J., Transaction Books, Inc., 175 p.

Jacobsen, J.J., 1975, Dynamic analysis of the environmental and social impacts of coal 

development in the Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming, 1960 to 2010: Richland, 

Wash., Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 23 p.

Kempton, H., Bloomfield, T.A., Hanson, J.L., and Limerick, P., 2010, Policy guidance for 

identifying and effectively managing perpetual environmental impacts from new 

hardrock mines: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 13, no. 6, p. 558–566.

Kiser, T., Hansen, J., and Kennedy, B., 2010, Impacts and pathways of mine contaminants to 

bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in an Idaho watershed: Archives of Environmental 

Contamination and Toxicology, v. 59, no. 2, p. 301–311.

Lockie, S., Franettovich, M., Petkova–Timmer, V., Rolfe, J., and Ivanova, G., 2009, Coal mining 

and the resource community cycle—A longitudinal assessment of the social impacts of 

the Coppabella coal mine: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 29, no. 5, p. 

330–339.

Manners, G., 1992, Unresolved conflicts in Australian mineral and energy resource policies: The 

Geographical Journal, v. 158, p. 129–144.

Markowski, A., 2001, Reconnaissance of the coal-bed methane resources in Pennsylvania: 

Harrisburg, Pa., Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, 134 p.

Moore, R., and Mills, T., 1977, An Environmental guide to western surface mining: Washington, 

D.C., The Service Publishing, 482 p. 
189

Mudd, G.M., 2008, Sustainability reporting and water resources—A preliminary assessment of 

embodied water and sustainable mining: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 3, 

p. 136–144.

Mudd, G.M., and Diesendorf, M., 2008, Sustainability of uranium mining and milling—Toward 

quantifying resources and eco-efficiency: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 42, 

no. 7, p. 2624–2630.

Myers, D., Dorset, P., and Parker, T., 1977, Oil shale and the environment: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 30 p.

Peplow, D., and Edmonds, R., 2005, The effects of mine waste contamination at multiple levels 

of biological organization: Ecological Engineering, v. 24, no. 1-2, p. 101–119.

Ralston, S., 1977, The ecological effects of coal strip-mining—A bibliography with abstracts: 

Washington, D.C., Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Interior, 416 p.

Riccitello, D., Robinson, P., Hector, A., Luis, J., Benavides, D., and Hancock, D., 1979, 

Uranium mining and milling—A primer: The Workbook, v. 6, no. 6-7, p. 222–233.

Salmi, O.H., and Hukkinen, J.I., 2007, Cultural contextualization of indicators of humanenvironment interaction—The case of the Kola mining network: Environmental Sciences, 

v. 4, no. 4, p. 209–228.

Sweigard, R.J., and Ramani, R.V., 1986, Site planning process—Application to land use 

potential evaluation for mined land: Mining Engineering, v. 38, no. 6, p. 427–432.

Uibu, M., Velts, O., and Kuusik, R., 2010, Developments in CO2 mineral carbonation of oil shale 

ash: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 174, no. 1-3, p. 209–214.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Final environmental impact statement for 

standards for control of byproduct materials from uranium processing: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation Programs, 40 CFR 192, 550 

p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Potential health and environmental hazards of 

uranium mine wastes, Volume 2: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency Office of Radiation Programs, 505 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994, Technical resource document—Uranium—

Extraction and beneficiation of ores and minerals, Volume 5: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste, EPA/530–R–94–032, 125 p.
190

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Technical report on technologically enhanced 

naturally occuring radioactive materials from uranium mining, Volume 2—Investigation 

of potential health, geographic, and environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines: 

Washington, D.C., Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, v. 2, 131 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Technologically enhanced naturally occurring 

radioactive materials from uranium mining, Volume 2—Investigation of potential health, 

geographic, and environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 312 p.

Yang, J., 2008, Detecting landscape changes pre- and post surfaces coal mining in Indiana, 

U.S.A.: Geographic Information Sciences, v. 14, no. 1, p. 36–43.

Mitigation, Restoration, and Reclamation

There are numerous ways that have been researched to attempt to resolve some of the 

incompatible effects of energy development and use. The following citations revolve around 

mitigation efforts, restoration attempts, reclamation techniques, and the effectiveness of these 

processes.

Arnold, K., 2010, Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation of production and use of 

bio-methane—Sensitivity of effects from N2O emissions: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, p. 257–267.

Baerwald, E.F., Edworthy, J., Holder, M., and Barclay, R., 2009, A large-scale mitigation 

experiment to reduce bat fatalities at wind energy facilities: The Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1077–1081.

Balat, H., 2007, Technical and economic aspects of carbon capture and storage—A review: 

Energy Exploration & Exploitation, v. 25, no. 5, p. 357–392.

Bissell, G., and Wood, M., 1985, Wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigation plan for the Thompson 

Falls hydroelectric project—Final report—Impact Assessment and Mitigation Plan,

Thompson Falls Dam Hydroelectric Project, 27 p.

Boudet, H.S., and Ortolano, L., 2010, A tale of two sitings—Contentious politics in liquefied 

natural gas facility siting in California: Journal of Planning Education and Research, v. 

30, no. 1, p. 5–21.

Brans, E.H.P., 1996, Liability and compensation for natural resource damage under the 

international oil pollution conventions: Review of European Community and

International Environmental Law, v. 5, no. 4, p. 297–304.

Burger, J., 2008, Environmental management—Integrating ecological evaluation, remediation, 

restoration, natural resource damage assessment and long-term stewardship on 

contaminated lands: Science of the Total Environment, v. 400, no. 1–3, p. 6–19.
191

Burlington, L.B., 2003, Valuing natural resource damages—A transatlantic lesson: 

Environmental Liability, v. 11, no. 5, p. 77–96.

Burtraw, D., Krupnick, A., Palmer, K., Paul, A., Toman, M., and Bloyd, C., 2003, Ancillary 

benefits of reduced air pollution in the U.S. from moderate greenhouse gas mitigation 

policies in the electricity sector: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 

v. 45, no. 3, p. 650–673.

Chaineau, C.H., Miné, J., and Suripno, 2009, The integration of biodiversity conservation with 

oil and gas exploration in sensitive tropical environments: Biodiversity and 

Conservsation, v. 19, no. 2, p. 587–600.

Chen, X., Gao, H., Yao, X., Fang, H., Chen, Z., and Xu, Z., 2010, Ecosystem-based assessment 

indices of restoration for Daya Bay near a nuclear power plant in South China: 

Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 19, p. 7589–7595. 

Committee to Study Health and Environmental Effects of Increased Coal Production, 1979, 

Basis for a national reclamation plan: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 33, p. 159–

176.

Crowley, K.D., 2010, Science and technology for DOE site cleanup—Workshop summary: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 73 p.

Davis, C.E., and Duffy, R.J., 2009, King coal vs. reclamation—Federal regulation of 

mountaintop removal mining in Appalachia: Administration and Society, v. 41, no. 6, p. 

674–692. 

Denney, D., 2009, Restoring sagebrush habitat in the Pinedale Anticline natural-gas field in 

Wyoming: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 61, no. 8, p. 51–52.

Ekholm, T., Soimakallio, S., Moltmann, S., Hohne, N., Syri, S., and Savolainene, I., 2009, Effort 

sharing in ambitious global climate change mitigation scenarios: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

4, p. 1797–1810.

Fissore, C., Espeleta, J., Nater, E., Hobbie, S., and Reich, P., 2009, Limited potential for 

terrestrial carbon sequestration to offset fossil-fuel emissions in the upper Midwestern 

U.S.: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 8, no. 8, p. 409–413.

Foell, W., Green, C., Amann, M., Bhattacharya, S., Carmichael, G., Chadwick, M., Cinderby, S., 

Haugland, T., Hettelingh, J.P., Hordijk, L., Kuylenstierna, J., Shah, J., Shrestha, R., 

Streets, D., and Zhao, D., 1995, Energy use, emissions, and air pollution reduction 

strategies: Water Air and Soil Pollution, v. 85, no. 4, p. 2277–2282.

Franco, A., and Diaz, A.R., 2009, The future challenges for clean coal technologies—Joining 

efficiency increase and pollutant emission control: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 348–354.
192

Froese, R.E., Shonnard, D.R., Miller, C.A., Koers, K.P., and Johnson, D.M., 2010, An evaluation 

of greenhouse gas mitigation options for coal-fired power plants in the U.S. Great Lakes 

states: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 251–262.

Fuller, M.C., Kunkel, C., and Kammen, D., 2009, Guide to energy efficiency and renewable 

energy, financing districts for local governments: Berkeley, Calif., University of 

California, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, 47 p.

Gielen, D., Newman, J., and Patel, M.K., 2008, Reducing industrial energy use and CO2

Emissions—The role of materials science: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, 

p. 471–477.

Godwin, D.S., Van Pelt, M.M., and Krasney, T.L., 2010, An analysis of reduction opportunities 

for consumption of hydrofluorocarbons and comparisons to U.S. climate policy 

proposals: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 

187—199.

Gray, R.H., and Becker, C.D., 1993, Environmental cleanup—The challenge at the Hanford site, 

Washington, U.S.A.: Environmental Management, v. 17, no. 4, p. 461–475.

Humenick, M.J., 1984, Water pollution control for underground coal gasification: Journal of 

Energy Engineering, v. 110, no. 2, p. 100–112. 

Jacobson, M.Z., 2009, Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security: 

Energy & Environmental Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 148–173.

Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., 1999, Avian electrocution on power poles—European experiences, 

in Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., eds., Birds and power lines—Collisions, electrocution, 

and breeding: Madrid, Spain, Quercus Publishing Co., p. 145–164.

Jones, C.A., and Pease, K.A., 1997, Restoration based compensation measures in natural 

resource liability statutes: Contemporary Economic Policy, v. 15, no. 4, p. 111–122.

Kenny, R., Law, C., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Towards real energy economics—Energy policy 

driven by life-cycle carbon emission: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1969–1978.

Kopytko, N., and Perkins, J., 2011, Climate change, nuclear power, and the adaptationmitigation dilemma: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 318–333.

Lorah, P., and Southwick, R., 2004, Environmental protection, population change, and economic 

development in the rural western United States: Population & Environment, v. 24, no. 3, 

p. 255–272.

Misiolek, W.S., and Noser, T.C., 1982, Coal surface mine land reclamation costs: Land 

Economics, v. 58, no. 1, p. 67–85.
193

Mori, S., and Saito, T., 2004, Potentials of hydrogen and nuclear towards global warming 

mitigation—Expansion of an integrated assessment model MARIA and simulations: 

Energy Economics, v. 26, no. 4, p. 565–578.

National Research Council, 2004, Contaminants in the subsurface—Source zone assessment and 

remediation: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 372 p.

Nelson, R.W., and Logan, W.J., 1984, Policy on wetland impact mitigation: Environment 

International, v. 10, no. 1, p. 9–19. 

Owen, P.T., Knox, N.O., Ferguson, S.D., Fielden, J.M, and Schumann, P.L., 1989, Nuclear 

facility decommissioning and site remedial actions—A selected bibliography: Oak Ridge, 

Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 375 p.

Parsons, K.C., 1996, Recovering from oil spills—The role of proactive science in mitigating 

adverse effects: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 19, no. 1, p. 149–153.

Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development, 2008, Recommendations for responsible oil 

and gas development: Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development, 16 p.

Stahl, R.G., Gouguet, R., DeSantis, A., Liu, J, and Ammann, M., 2008, Prospective 

environmental restoration/ restoration up front—A concept for an incentive-based 

program to increase restoration planning and implementation in the United States:

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 4, no. 1, p. 6–14.

Teodoriu, C., and Falcone, G., 2008, Increasing geothermal energy demand—The need for 

urbanization of the drilling industry: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 28, 

no. 3, p. 227–235.

Thorne, J.H., Huber, P.R., Girvetz, E., Quinn, J., and McCoy, M., 2009, Integration of regional 

mitigation assessment and conservation planning: Ecology and Society, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1–

27.

Zucchetto, J., 2006, Trends in oil supply and demand, potential for peaking of conventional oil 

production, and possible mitigation options—A summary report of the workshop: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 50p.

Pollution and Waste

Pollution and waste may result from the process of energy development, use, and the

disposal of energy-related materials. This sub-category provides citations involving pollution 

and waste aspects and the multitude of ways it can affect both the natural and human landscapes. 

ALL Consulting, 2003, Handbook on coal bed methane produced water—Management and 

beneficial use alternatives: Tulsa, Okla., Ground Water Protection Research Foundation, 

322 p.
194

Amundson, M.A., 2002, Yellowcake towns—Uranium mining communities in the American 

west: Boulder, Colo., University Press of Colorado, 208 p.

Araujo, V., Hamacher, S., and Scavarda, L.F., 2010, Economic assessment of biodiesel 

production from waste frying oils: Bioresource Technology, v. 101, no. 12, p. 4415–

4422.

Alexakhin, R.M., 1993, Countermeasures in agricultural production as an effective means of 

mitigating the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident: The Science of The 

Total Environment, v. 137, no. 1-3, p. 9–20.

Anderson, J.W., 2005, Coal—Dirty cheap energy: Resources, v. 156, p. 31–34. 

Bezdek, R.H., 2009, Nuclear power prospects in the U.S.A.—The continuing problem of the 

waste issue: Energy & Environment, v. 20, p. 375–385.

Burtraw, D., Krupnick, A., Palmer, K., Paul, A., Toman, M., and Bloyd, C., 2003, Ancillary 

benefits of reduced air pollution in the U.S. from moderate greenhouse gas mitigation 

policies in the electricity sector: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 

v. 45, no. 3, p. 650–673.

Campbell, J.E., and Block, E., 2010, Land-use and alternative bioenergy pathways for waste 

biomass: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 22, p. 8665–8669.

Campbell, J.H., Wang, F.T., Mead, S.W., and Busby, J.F., 1979, Groundwater quality near an 

underground coal gasification experiment: Journal of Hydrology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 241–

266.

Candel–Sánchez, F., 2006, The externalities problem of transboundary and persistent pollution: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 52, no. 1, p. 517–526.

Chakravorty, U., Nauges, C., and Thomas, A., 2008, Clean air regulation and heterogeneity in 

U.S. gasoline prices: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, 

p. 106–122.

Choi, J.K., Bakshi, B.R., and Haab, T., 2010, Effects of a carbon price in the U.S. on economic 

sectors, resource use, and emissions—An input-output approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 7, p. 3527–3536.

Cizdziel, J., Hinners, T., Cross, C., and Pollard, J., 2003, Distribution of mercury in the tissues of 

five species of freshwater fish from Lake Mead, U.S.A.: Journal of Environmental 

Monitoring, v. 5, p. 802–807.

Crowley, K.D., 2010, Science and technology for DOE site cleanup—Workshop summary: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 73 p.
195

Dermol, U., and Kontic, B., 2011, Use of strategic environmental assessment in the site selection 

process for a radioactive waste disposal facility in Slovenia: Journal of Environmental 

Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 43–52.

Duggan, J.L., and Cloutier, R.J., 1977, Energy sources for the future, in Symposium on energy 

sources for the future, Oak Ridge, Tenn., April 1977, Proceedings: Oak Ridge, Tenn., 

Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 308 p. 

Ewing, R.C., 2008, Nuclear fuel cycle—Environmental impact: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 338–340.

Foell, W., Green, C., Amann, M., Bhattacharya, S., Carmichael, G., Chadwick, M., Cinderby, S., 

Haugland, T., Hettelingh, J.P., Hordijk, L., Kuylenstierna, J., Shah, J., Shrestha, R., 

Streets, D., and Zhao, D., 1995, Energy use, emissions, and air pollution reduction 

strategies: Water Air and Soil Pollution, v. 85, no. 4, p. 2277–2282.

Fox, G.A., 1995, Tinkering with the tinkerer—Pollution versus evolution: Environmental Health 

Perspectives, v. 103, no. 4, p. 93–100.

Franco, A., and Diaz, A.R., 2009, The future challenges for clean coal technologies—Joining 

efficiency increase and pollutant emission control: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 348–354.

Gallagher, P., Lazarus, W., Shapouri, H., Conway, R., and Duffield, J., 2009, Cancer-risk 

benefits of clean fuel technology and policy—A statistical analysis: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5113–5124.

Goodstein, E., 1992, Saturday effects in tanker oil spills: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 276–288.

Gray, R.H., and Becker, C.D., 1993, Environmental cleanup—The challenge at the Hanford site, 

Washington, U.S.A.: Environmental Management, v. 17, no. 4, p. 461–475.

Gui, M.M., Lee, K.T., and Bhatia, S., 2008, Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste 

edible oil as biodiesel feedstock: Energy, v. 33, no. 11, p. 1646–1653.

Hall, S.L., 2009, Talk of clean coal ignores dirty truth: Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment, v. 7, p. 70.

Hamza, A.S.H A., Mohmoud, S.A., and Ghania, S.M., 2002, Environmental pollution by 

magnetic field associated with power transmission lines: Energy Conversion and 

Management, v. 43, no. 17, p. 2443–2452.

Haut, R.C., Rogers, J.D., McDole, B.W., Burnett, D., and Olatubi, O., 2007, Minimizing waste 

during drilling operations: Houston, Tex., American Association of Drilling Engineers 

Technical Conference and Exhibition, 10 p.
196

Hawthorne, S.B., Slevers, R.E., and Barkley, R.M., 1985, Organic emissions from shale oil 

wastewaters and their implications for air quality: Environmental Science and 

Technology, v. 19, p. 992–997.

Hennenberg, K.J., Dragisic, C., Haye, S., Hewson, J., Semroc, B., Savy, C., Wiegmann, K., 

Fehrenbach, H., and Fritsche, U.R., 2010, The power of bioenergy-related standards to 

protect biodiversity: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 412–423.

Hoffman, S.M., 2001, Negotiating eternity—Energy, policy, environmental justice, and the 

politics of nuclear waste: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 21, p. 456-472.

Humenick, M.J., 1984, Water pollution control for underground coal gasification: Journal of 

Energy Engineering, v. 110, no. 2, p. 100–112. 

Jacobson, M.Z., 2009, Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security: 

Energy & Environmental Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 148–173.

Kalin, M., 1988, Radionuclide concentrations and other characteristics of tailings, surface 

waters, and vegetation, chap. 3 of Long-term ecological behavior of abandoned uranium 

mill tailings: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, 97 p.

Kennamer, R.A., McCreedy, C.D., and Brisbin, I.L., 1993, Patterns of radiocesium 

contamination in eggs of free-ranging wood duck: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 

57, no. 4, p. 716–724.

Kennamer, R.A., Stout, J.R., Jackson, B.P., Colwell, S.V., Brisbin, I.L., and Burger, J., 2005, 

Mercury patterns in wood duck eggs from a contaminated reservoir in South Carolina, 

U.S.A.: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 7, p. 1793–1800.

Krapu, G.L., Brandt, D.A., and Cox, R.R., 2004, Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the 

switch to genetically modified crops—Trends with important implications for wildlife 

management: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 127–136.

Menetrez, M.Y., 2010, The potential environmental impact of waste from cellulosic ethanol 

production: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, v. 60, no. 2, p. 245–

250.

Moore, D.R.J., Sample, B.E., Suter, G.W., Parkhurst, B.R., and Teed, R.S., 1999, A probabilistic 

risk assessment of the effects of methyl-mercury and PCBS on mink and kingfishers 

along East Fork Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.: Environmental Toxicology 

and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2941–2953.

Mudd, G.M., 2008, Sustainability reporting and water resources—A preliminary assessment of 

embodied water and sustainable mining: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 3, 

p. 136–144.
197

Mudd, G.M., and Diesendorf, M., 2008, Sustainability of uranium mining and milling—Toward 

quantifying resources and eco-efficiency: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 42, 

no. 7, p. 2624–2630.

Munir, S., Nimmo, W., and Gibbs, B.M., 2010, Co-combustion of agricultural residues with 

coal—Turning waste into energy: Energy & Fuels, v. 24, p. 2146–2153.

Münster, M., and Lund, H., 2009, Use of waste for heat, electricity and transport—Challenges 

when performing energy system analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 636–644.

Murdock, S.H., Leistritz, F.L., and Hamm, R.R., 1983, Socioeconomic impacts of large-scale 

developments—Implications for high-level nuclear waste repositories: The 

Environmental Professional, v. 5, p. 183–194.

Newman, J.R., and Schreiber, R.K., 1985, Effects of an acidic deposition and other energy 

emissions on wildlife—A compendium: Veterinary and Human Toxicology, v. 27, no. 5, 

p. 394–401.

Opaluch, J.J., Swallow, S.K., Thomas,W., Christopher, W., and Dennis, W., 1993, Evaluating 

impacts from noxious facilities—Including public preferences in current siting 

mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 41–

59.

Peplow, D., and Edmonds, R., 2005, The effects of mine waste contamination at multiple levels 

of biological organization: Ecological Engineering, v. 24, no. 1–2, p. 101–119.

Poma, C., Verda, V., and Consonni, S., 2010, Design and performance evaluation of a waste-toenergy plant integrated with a combined cycle: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 786–793.

Raj, B., Vijayalakshmi, M., Vasudeva Rao, P.R., and Rao, K.B.S., 2008, Challenges in materials 

research for sustainable nuclear energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p.

327–337.

Rowe, C.L., Hopkins, W.A., and Congdon, J.D., 2002, Ecotoxicological implications of aquatic 

disposal of coal combustion residues in the United States—A review: Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment, v. 80, no. 3, p. 207–276.

Sample, B.E., and Suter, G.W., 2002, Screening evaluation of the ecological risks to terrestrial 

wildlife associated with a coal ash disposal site: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 

v. 8, no. 4, p. 637–656.

Shuey, C., Robinson, P., and Taylor, L., 1985, The “costs” of uranium—Who’s paying with 

lives, lands, and dollars: The Workbook, v. 10, no. 3, p. 102–117.

Skrtic, L., 2006, Hydrogen sulfide, oil and gas, and people’s health: Berkeley, Calif., Energy and 

Resources Group, University of California, 77 p.
198

Spencer, P., Bowman, M.F., and Dube, M.G., 2008, A multitrophic approach to monitoring the 

effects of metal mining in otherwise pristine and ecologically sensitive rivers in northern 

Canada: Integrated Assessment and Management, v. 4, no. 3, p. 327–343.

Suyama, H., Benes, S.E., Robinson, P.H., Getachew, G., Grattan, S.R., and Grieve, C.M., 2007, 

Biomass yield and nutritional quality of forage species under long-term irrigation with 

saline-sodic drainage water—Field evaluation: Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 

135, no. 3-4, p. 329–345.

U.S. Department of Energy, 1986, Environmental assessment overview—Yucca Mountain Site, 

Nevada research and development area, Nevada: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of 

Energy, 44 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Final environmental impact statement for 

standards for control of byproduct materials from uranium processing: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation Programs, 40 CFR 192, 550 

p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Potential health and environmental hazards of 

uranium mine wastes, Volume 2: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency Office of Radiation Programs, 505 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Technical report on technologically enhanced 

naturally occuring radioactive materials from uranium mining, Volume 2—Investigation 

of potential health, geographic, and environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines: 

Washington, D.C., Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, v. 2, 131 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1977, Public comments and task force responses 

regarding the environmental survey of the reprocessing and waste management portions 

of the LWR fuel cycle: Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office 

of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, 425 p.

Veil, J.A., and Quinn, J.J., 2008, Water issues associated with heavy oil production: Argonne, 

Ill., Argonne National Laboratory, 64 p.

Water

This section deals with the role that water plays in the dialogue of energy use and effects, 

beyond the use of water for hydroelectricity. The supply of water, both surface and groundwater, 

is of major concern as it is necessary for energy use, ecosystems, and general human use and 

demands. Research focused on energy and on fish is presented in a subheading.

Anderson, O.L., and Rogozen, M.B., 1977, Role of transportation of energy in the development 

of the southwest: Los Angeles, Calif., Lake Powell Research Project, 47 p.
199

Aravenaa, R., Wassenaar, L.I., and Barker, J.F., 1995, Distribution and isotopic characterization 

of methane in a confined aquifer in Southern Ontario, Canada: Journal of Hydrology, v. 

173, no. 1-4, p. 51–70.

Bardsley, W.E., 1994, Power from groundwater: Journal of Hydrology, v. 162, no. 1-2, p. 191–

196.

Becker, D.R., Skog, K., Hellman, A., Halvorsen, K.E., and Mace, T., 2009, An outlook for 

sustainable forest bioenergy production in the Lake States: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, 

p. 5687–5693.

Binckley, C.A., Wipfli, M.S., Medhurst, R.B., Polivka, K., Hessburg, P., Salter, R.B., and Kill,

J.Y., 2010, Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from 

headwater streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1205–1218.

Braunstein, H.M., Kornegay, F.C., Roop, R.D., and Sharples, F.E., 1980, Environmental and 

health aspects of biomass energy systems, in Klass, D.L., and Emert, G.H., eds., Fuels 

from biomass and wastes: Ann Arbor, Mich., Ann Arbor Science Publishers, p. 463–504.

Campbell, J.H., Wang, F.T., Mead, S.W., and Busby, J.F., 1979, Groundwater quality near an 

underground coal gasification experiment: Journal of Hydrology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 241–

266.

Chang, L.H., Draves, J.D., and Hunsaker, C.T., 1992, Climate change and water supply, 

management, and use—A literature review: Washington, D.C., Environmental Sciences 

Division, Publication No. 3805, 91 p.

Cizdziel, J., Hinners, T., Cross, C., and Pollard, J., 2003, Distribution of mercury in the tissues of 

five species of freshwater fish from Lake Mead, U.S.A.: Journal of Environmental 

Monitoring, v. 5, p. 802–807.

Cleave, M.L., Porcella, D.B., and Adams, V.D., 1980, Potential for changing phytoplankton 

growth in Lake Powell due to oil shale development: Environmental Science and 

Technology, v. 14, no. 6, p. 683–690.

Cook, R.B., Suter, G.W., and Sain, E.R., 1999, Introduction and background: Environmental 

toxicology and chemistry, chap. 1 of Ecological risk assessment in a large river-reservoir, 

v. 18, no. 4, p. 581–588.

Copeland, H.E., Tessman, S.A., Girvetz, E.H., Roberts, L., Enquist, C., Orabona, A., Patla, S., 

and Kiesecker, J., 2010, A geospatial assessment on the distribution, condition, and 

vulnerability of Wyoming's wetlands: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 4, p. 869–879.

De La Torre Ugarte, D.G., He, L., Jensen, K.L., and English, B.C., 2010, Expanded ethanol 

production—Implications for agriculture, water demand, and water quality: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1586–1596.
200

Ducrotoy, J.P., and Elliott, M., 2008, The science and management of the North Sea and the 

Baltic Sea—Natural history, present threats and future challenges: Marine Pollution 

Bulletin, v. 57, no. 1-5, p. 8–21.

Elena, G.-d.-C., and Esther, V., 2010, From water to energy—The virtual water content and 

water footprint of biofuel consumption in Spain: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1345–

1352.

Fraenkel, P.L., 2006, Tidal current energy technologies: Ibis, v. 148, p. 145–151.

Fox, G.A., 2001, Wildlife as sentinels of human health effects in the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence 

Basin: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 109, no. 6, p. 853–861.

Freeman, M.C., Pringle, C.M., and Jackson, C.R., 2007, Hydrologic connectivity and the 

contribution of stream headwaters to ecological integrity at regional scales: Journal of the 

American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 5–14.

Gaudet, G., Moreaux, M., and Withagen, C., 2006, The Alberta dilemma—Optimal sharing of a 

water resource by an agricultural and an oil sector: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 548–566.

Gerbens-Leenes, P.W., Hoekstra, A.Y., and Van der Meer, Th., 2008, The water footprint of 

energy from biomass—A quantitative assessment and consequences of an increasing 

share of bio-energy in energy supply: Ecological Economics, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1052–1060.

Gilles, C., Bravo, L., and Watahomigie, D., 1991, Uranium mining at the Grand Canyon—What 

costs to water, air, and indigenous people?: The Workbook, v. 16, no. 1, p. 2–17.

Goodstein, E., 1992, Saturday effects in tanker oil spills: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 276–288.

Harte, J., and El-Gasseir, M., 1978, Energy and water: Science, v. 199, no. 4329, p. 623–634.

Hassan, R., Scholes, R., and Ash, N., 2010, Inland water systems, ecosystems and human wellbeing—Current state and trends: Washington, D.C., Island Press, 33 p.

Hickcox, D.H., 1982, Groundwater use in an energy development area—The Tongue River 

Basin, southeastern Montana: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 18, no. 4, p. 585-591.

Hoeinghaus, D.J., Agostinho, A.A., Gomes, L.C., Pelicice, F.M., Okada, E.K., Latini, J.D., 

Kashiwaqui, E.A.L., and Winemiller, K.O., 2009, Effects of river impoundment on 

ecosystem services of large tropical rivers—Embodied energy and market value of 

artisanal fisheries: Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1222–1231.

Humenick, M.J., 1984, Water pollution control for underground coal gasification: Journal of 

Energy Engineering, v. 110, no. 2, p. 100–112. 
201

Jamieson, D.G., and Fedra, K., 1996, The ‘WaterWare’ decision-support system for river-basin 

planning—1. Conceptual design: Journal of Hydrology, v. 177, no. 3–4, p. 163–175.

Kalin, M., 1988, Radionuclide concentrations and other characteristics of tailings, surface 

waters, and vegetation, chap. 3 of Long-term ecological behavior of abandoned uranium 

mill tailings: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, 97 p.

Keith, K., Sessoms, H., Neibauer, M., Skinner, Q., Bauder, J., Waskom, R., and Mesner, N., 

2005, Land and water inventory guide for landowners in areas of coal bed methane 

development: Montana State University, Northern Plains and Mountains Regional Water 

Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 54 p. 

Kennamer, R.A., Stout, J.R., Jackson, B.P., Colwell, S.V., Brisbin, I.L., and Burger, J., 2005, 

Mercury patterns in wood duck eggs from a contaminated reservoir in South Carolina, 

U.S.A.: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 7, p. 1793–1800.

Kessler, A., and Rubin, H., 1987, Relationships between water infiltration and oil spill migration 

in sandy soils: Journal of Hydrology, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 187–204.

Kim, N.-J., Hwan Lee, J., Cho, Y.S., and Chun, W., 2010, Formation enhancement of methane 

hydrate for natural gas transport and storage: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2717–2722.

Kim, T., Lee, K.K., Ko, K.S., and Chang, H.W., 2000, Groundwater flow system inferred from 

hydraulic stresses and heads at an underground LPG storage cavern site: Journal of 

Hydrology, v. 236, no. 3-4, p. 165–184.

Kiser, T., Hansen, J., and Kennedy, B., 2010, Impacts and pathways of mine contaminants to 

bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in an Idaho watershed: Archives of Environmental 

Contamination and Toxicology, v. 59, no. 2, p. 301–311.

Kroeze, C., Dumont, E., and Seitzinger, S., 2010, Future trends in emissions of N2O from rivers 

and estuaries: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 

71–78.

Kryshev, I.I., 1995, Radioactive contamination of aquatic ecosystems following the Chernobyl 

accident: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 27, no. 3, p. 207–219.

Lee, J.-S., and Yoo, S.-H., 2009, Measuring the environmental costs of tidal power plant 

construction—A choice experiment study: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5069–5074.

Limerick, P., and Geller, H., 2007, What every westerner should know about energy efficiency 

and conservation— A guide to a new relationship: Boulder, Colo., Center of the 

American West, 73 p.
202

Lookingbill, T.R., Kaushal, S.S., Elmore, A.J., Gardner, R., Eshleman, K.N., Hilderbrand, R.H., 

Morgan, R.P., Boynton, W.R., Palmer, M.A., and Dennison, W.C., 2009, Altered 

ecological flows blur boundaries in urbanizing watersheds: Ecology and Society, v. 14, 

no. 2, p. 10–29.

Martínez, A., Uche, J., and Valero-Delgado, A., 2010, Environmental costs of a river watershed 

within the European water framework directive—Results from physical hydronomics: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1008–1016.

Moore, D.R.J., Sample, B.E., Suter, G.W., Parkhurst, B.R., and Teed, R.S., 1999, A probabilistic 

risk assessment of the effects of methyl-mercury and PCBS on mink and kingfishers 

along East Fork Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.: Environmental Toxicology 

and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2941–2953.

Morin, R.H., 2005, Hydrologic properties of coal beds in the Powder River Basin, Montana—

I.—Geophysical log analysis: Journal of Hydrology, v. 308, no. 1-4, p. 227–241.

Mudd, G.M., 2008, Sustainability reporting and water resources—A preliminary assessment of 

embodied water and sustainable mining: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 3, 

p. 136–144.

Myers, T., 2009, Groundwater management and coal bed methane development in the Powder 

River Basin of Montana: Journal of Hydrology, v. 368, no. 1-4, p. 178–193.

National Research Council, 2004, Contaminants in the subsurface—Source zone assessment and 

remediation: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 372 p.

National Research Council, 2008, Integrating multiscale observations of U.S. waters: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 210 p.

National Research Council, 2008, Water implications of biofuels production in the United States: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 87 p.

National Research Council, 2009, Toward a sustainable and secure water future—A leadership 

role for the U.S. Geological Survey: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 130 p.

Newmark, R.L., Friedmann, S.J., and Carroll, S.A., 2010, Water challenges for geologic carbon 

capture and sequestration: Environmental Management, v. 45, no. 4, p. 651–661.

Overby, S.T., and Overby, C.D., 2005, Native fish restoration of a southwest stream following 

decommissioning of a hydroelectric facility, in Managing watersheds for human and 

natural impacts—Engineering, ecological, and economic challenges, in Watershed 

management conference, Billings, Mont., July 2005, Proceedings: Reston, Va., American 

Society of Civil Engineers, Proceedings of Watershed 2005, 60 p.
203

Palmer, M.A., Lettenmaier, D.P., LeRoy Poff, N., Postel, S., Richter, B., and Warner, R., 2009, 

Climate change and river ecosystems—Protection and adaptation options: Environmental 

Management, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1053–1068.

Peterson, D.A., Wright, P.R., Edwards, G.P., Jr., Hargett, E.G., Feldman, D.L., Zumberge, J.R., 

and Dey, P., Ecological assessment of streams in the Powder River Structural Basin, 

Wyoming and Montana, 2005–06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations 

Report 2009–5023, 139 p.

Pimentel, D., and Pimentel, M., 1996, Food, energy, and society: Niwot, Colo., Colorado 

University Press, 363 p.

Power, M.E., Brozovic, N., Bode, Collin, and Zilberman, D., 2005, Spatially explicit tools for 

understanding and sustaining inland water ecosystems: Frontiers in Ecology, v. 3, no. 1, 

p. 47–55.

Richter, B.D., and Thomas, G.A., 2007, Restoring environmental flows by modifying dam 

operations: Ecology and Society, v. 12, no. 1, p. 1–26.

Riley, R.G., Garland, T.R., Shiosaki, K., Mann, D.C., and Wildung, R.E., 1981, Alklpyridines in 

surface waters, groundwaters, and subsoils of a drainage located adjacent to an oil shale 

facility: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 15, no. 6, p. 697-701.

Ripl, W., 2003, Water—The bloodstream of the biosphere: Philosophical Transactions of the 

Royal Society, v. 358, no. 1440, p. 1921–1934.

Rowe, C.L., Hopkins, W.A., and Congdon, J.D., 2002, Ecotoxicological implications of aquatic 

disposal of coal combustion residues in the United States—A review: Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment, v. 80, no. 3, p. 207–276.

Sairinen, R., and Kumpulainen, S., 2006, Assessing social impacts in urban waterfront 

regeneration: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 26, no. 1, p. 120–135.

Schindler, D.E., Scheuerell, M.D., Moore, J.W., Gende, S.M., Francis, T.B., and Palen, W.J., 

2003, Pacific salmon and the ecology of coastal ecosystems: Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment, v. 1, no. 1, p. 31–37.

Shin, J., Kim, K.–H., Lee, K–.K., and Kim, H–.S., 2010, Assessing temperature of riverbank 

filtrate water for geothermal energy utilization: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2430–2439.

Spencer, P., Bowman, M.F., and Dube, M.G., 2008, A multitrophic approach to monitoring the 

effects of metal mining in otherwise pristine and ecologically sensitive rivers in northern 

Canada: Integrated Assessment and Management, v. 4, no. 3, p. 327–343.

Sutley, J.L.N., 2010, Proposed U.S. policy for ocean, coast, and Great Lakes stewardship: 

Science, v. 328, p. 1485–1486.
204

U.S. Department of Energy, 2006, Energy demands on water resources—Report to Congress on 

the interdependency of energy and water: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 

80 p.

Valero, A., Uche, J., Valero, A., and Martinez, A., 2009, Physical hydronomics—Application of 

the exergy analysis to the assessment of environmental costs of water bodies—The case 

of the inland basins of Catalonia: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2101–2107.

Veil, J.A., and Quinn, J.J., 2008, Water issues associated with heavy oil production: Argonne, 

Ill., Argonne National Laboratory, 64 p.

Voinov, A., and Cardwell, H., 2009, The energy-water nexus—Why should we care?: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 143, no. 1, p. 17–29.

Wang, X., Melesse, A.M., McClain, M.E., and Yang, W., 2007, Water quality changes as a result 

of coalbed methane development in a Rocky Mountain watershed: Journal of the 

American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1383-1399.

Wang, Y.D., 2009, Integrated policy and planning for water and energy: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 142, no. 1 p. 46–51.

Whelan, G., Pelton, M.A., and Dorow, K.E., 2004, Decision-support tools for the assessment 

process: Southhampton, United Kingdom, WIT Press, 10 p.

Zhao, G., and Davison, M., 2009, Valuing hydrological forecasts for a pumped storage assisted 

hydro facility: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 453–462.

Fish

Cizdziel, J., Hinners, T., Cross, C., and Pollard, J., 2003, Distribution of mercury in the tissues of

five species of freshwater fish from Lake Mead, U.S.A.: Journal of Environmental 

Monitoring, v. 5, p. 802–807.

Cook, R.B., Suter, G.W., and Sain, E.R., 1999, Introduction and background: Environmental 

toxicology and chemistry, chap. 1 of Ecological risk assessment in a large river-reservoir, 

v. 18, no. 4, p. 581–588.

Freeman, M.C., Pringle, C.M., and Jackson, C.R., 2007, Hydrologic connectivity and the 

contribution of stream headwaters to ecological integrity at regional scales: Journal of the 

American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 5–14.

Hoeinghaus, D.J., Agostinho, A.A., Gomes, L.C., Pelicice, F.M., Okada, E.K., Latini, J.D., 

Kashiwaqui, E.A.L., and Winemiller, K.O., 2009, Effects of river impoundment on 

ecosystem services of large tropical rivers—Embodied energy and market value of 

artisanal fisheries: Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1222–1231.
205

Kiser, T., Hansen, J., and Kennedy, B., 2010, Impacts and pathways of mine contaminants to 

bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in an Idaho watershed: Archives of Environmental 

Contamination and Toxicology, v. 59, no. 2, p. 301–311.

Moore, D.R.J., Sample, B.E., Suter, G.W., Parkhurst, B.R., and Teed, R.S., 1999, A probabilistic 

risk assessment of the effects of methyl-mercury and PCBS on mink and kingfishers 

along East Fork Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.: Environmental Toxicology 

and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2941–2953.

Overby, S.T., and Overby, C.D., 2005, Native fish restoration of a southwest stream following 

decommissioning of a hydroelectric facility, in Managing watersheds for human and 

natural impacts—Engineering, ecological, and economic challenges, in Watershed 

management conference, Billings, Mont., July 2005, Proceedings: Reston, Va., American 

Society of Civil Engineers, Proceedings of Watershed 2005, 60 p.

Peterson, D.A., Wright, P.R., Edwards, G.P., Jr., Hargett, E.G., Feldman, D.L., Zumberge, J.R., 

and Dey, P., Ecological assessment of streams in the Powder River Structural Basin, 

Wyoming and Montana, 2005–06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations 

Report 2009–5023, 139 p.

Peterson, S.A., Ralston, N.V.C., Peck, D.V., Van Sickle, J., Robertson, J.D., Spate, V.L., and 

Morris, J.S., 2009, How might selenium moderate the toxic effects of mercury in stream 

fish of the Western U.S.?: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 43, no. 10, p. 

3919–3925.

Richter, B.D., and Thomas, G.A., 2007, Restoring environmental flows by modifying dam 

operations: Ecology and Society, v. 12, no. 1, p. 1–26.

Schindler, D.E., Scheuerell, M.D., Moore, J.W., Gende, S.M., Francis, T.B., and Palen, W.J., 

2003, Pacific salmon and the ecology of coastal ecosystems: Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment, v. 1, no. 1, p. 31–37.

Thomas, M.G., 1983, Human demographic impacts on fish and wildlife resources from energy 

development in rural western areas: Kansas City, Mo., Midwest Research Institute, 376 p.

Wildlife

The effects of energy, both development and use, on wildlife is widespread. In this 

section, many of the citations are dedicated to understanding the effects of wind energy, 

transmission lines, and indirect products of energy development on various species of birds and 

bats. There are fewer citations for other animals, such as big game species, likely indicative of a 

need for further research in that realm. The first set of citations pertains to wildlife more 

generally, while the remaining citations are presented in sub-categories. Research focused on 

fish is located under the Water sub-category.

Berkes, F., 1981, Some environmental and social impacts of the James Bay hydroelectric project, 

Canada: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 157–172.
206

Beyea, J., and Keeler, K.H., 1991, Biotechnological advances in biomass energy and chemical 

production—Impacts on wildlife and habitat: Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, v. 10, 

no. 4, p. 305–319.

Bies, L., 2006, The biofuels explosion—Is green energy good for wildlife?: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1203–1205.

Binckley, C.A., Wipfli, M.S., Medhurst, R.B., Polivka, K., Hessburg, P., Salter, R.B., and Kill, 

J.Y., 2010, Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from 

headwater streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1205–1218.

Bissell, G., and Wood, M., 1985, Wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigation plan for the Thompson 

Falls hydroelectric project—Final report—Impact Assessment and Mitigation Plan,

Thompson Falls Dam Hydroelectric Project: Helena, Mont., Montana Department of 

Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 27 p.

Brownell, J.A., 1981, Cumulative biological impacts of The Geysers geothermal development: 

Sacramento, Calif., California Energy Resources Conservation and Development 

Commission, 142 p.

Cook, J.H., Beyea, J., and Keeler, K.H., 1991, Potential impacts of biomass production in the 

United States on biological diversity: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 

16, p. 401–431.

Coperude, S.P., 2002, Effect of the Endangered Species Act on geophysical exploration in the 

United States: The Leading Edge, v. 21, p. 70–71. 

Czech, B., and Borkhataria, R., 2001, The relationship of political party affiliation to wildlife 

conservation attitudes: Politics Life Science, v. 20, p. 3–12.

Fahrig, L., and Rytwinski, T., 2009, Effects of roads on animal abundance—An empirical review

and synthesis: Ecology and Society, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1–21.

Fox, G.A., 2001, Wildlife as sentinels of human health effects in the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence 

Basin: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 109, no. 6, p. 853–861.

Franklin, T.M., and Burke, C.A., 2002, Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Wildlife 

Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 599–600.

Gaines, K.F., Porter, D.E., Dyer, S.A., Wein, G.R., Pinder, J.E., and Brisbin, I.L., 2004, Using 

wildlife as receptor species—A landscape approach to ecological risk assessment: 

Environmental Management, v. 34, no. 4, p. 528–545.

Ghose, M.K., 2009, Technological challenges for boosting coal production with environmental 

sustainability: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 154, p. 373–381.
207

Goerold, W.T., 1987, Environmental and petroleum resource conflicts—A simulation model to 

determine the benefits of petroleum production in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 

Alaska: Materials and Society, v. 11, p. 279–307.

Graham, R.L., 2007, Forecasting the magnitude of sustainable biofeedstock supplies—The 

challenges and the rewards: Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, v. 1, no. 4, p. 255–263.

Hall, C.A.S., Jones, P.W., Donovan,T.M., and Gibbs, J.P., 2000, The implications of mainstream 

economics for wildlife conservation: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, p. 16–25.

Hannah, L., 1986, Protection policy for Hawaii native wildlife during geothermal-energy 

development: Environmental Management, v. 10, no. 5, p. 611–621.

Hoeinghaus, D.J., Agostinho, A.A., Gomes, L.C., Pelicice, F.M., Okada, E.K., Latini, J.D., 

Kashiwaqui, E.A.L., and Winemiller, K.O., 2009, Effects of river impoundment on 

ecosystem services of large tropical rivers—Embodied energy and market value of 

artisanal fisheries: Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1222–1231.

Isaacs, J.C., 2000, The limited potential of ecotourism to contribute to wildlife conservation: 

Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, p. 61–69.

Jensen, K., Clark, C.D., Ellis, P., English, B., Menard, J., Walsh, M., and Ugarte, D., 2007, 

Farmer willingness to grow switchgrass for energy production: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 

31, no. 11-12, p. 773–781.

Johnson, G.D., Young Jr., D.P., Erikson, W., Derby, C., Strickland, M.D., and Rhett, E.G., 2000, 

Wildlife monitoring studies Seawest windpower project, Carbon County, Wyoming 

1995–1999: Cheyenne, Wyo., Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc., 195 p.

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Krapu, G.L., Brandt, D.A., and Cox, R.R., 2004, Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the 

switch to genetically modified crops—Trends with important implications for wildlife 

management: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 127–136.

Kuvlesky, W.P., Brennan, L.A., Morrison, M., Boydston, K., Ballard, B., and Bryant, F., 2007, 

Wind energy development and wildlife conservation—Challenges and opportunities: 

Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2487–2498. 

Manville, A., and Hueckel, G., 2004, Session—Development and application of guidelines for 

siting, constructing, operating and monitoring wind turbines: Olympia, Wyo., U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service, 12 p.
208

Mitchnick, A.D., 1999, Hydropower relicensing and endangered species—Potential conflicts and

opportunities in the new millennium, in Waterpower ’99—Hydro’s future—Technology, 

markets, and policy, in Waterpower ’99, Las Vegas, Nev., July 1999, Proceedings: 

Reston, Va., American Society of Civil Engineers Conference Proceedings, v. 101, 55 p.

Molvar, E.M., 2008, Wind power in Wyoming—Doing it smart from the start: Laramie, Wyo., 

Biodiversity Conservation Alliance, 59 p.

Nasen, L.C., Noble, B.F., and Johnstone, J.F., 2011, Environmental effects of oil and gas lease 

sites in a grassland ecosystem: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 

195–204.

Nathan, H.S., Ted, E., Denis, W., Joan, B., and Patti, H., 2004, Projecting wildlife responses to 

alternative future landscapes in Oregon's Willamette Basin: Ecological Applications, v. 

14, no. 2, p. 381–400.

National Wind Coordinating Committee, 2002, Permitting of wind energy facilities—A 

handbook: Washington, D.C., National Wind Coordinating Committee c/o RESOLVE, 

58 p.

Newman, J.R., and Schreiber, R.K., 1985, Effects of an acidic deposition and other energy 

emissions on wildlife—A compendium: Veterinary and Human Toxicology, v. 27, no. 5, 

p. 394–401.

Noyes, J.H., and Potter, M.S., 1986, Wildlife and wildlife habitat loss assessment at federal 

hydroelectric facilities, Willamette River Basin, Oregon: Salem, Oreg., Oregon 

Department of Fish and Wildlife, Environmental Management Section, 30 p.

Peterson, D.A., Wright, P.R., Edwards, G.P., Jr., Hargett, E.G., Feldman, D.L., Zumberge, J.R., 

and Dey, P., Ecological assessment of streams in the Powder River Structural Basin, 

Wyoming and Montana, 2005–06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations 

Report 2009–5023, 139 p.

Porter, W.P., Ostrowski, S., and Williams, J.B., 2010, Modeling animal landscapes: 

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 83, no.5, p. 705–712.

Ralston, S., 1977, The ecological effects of coal strip-mining—A bibliography with abstracts: 

Washington, D.C., Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Interior, 416 p.

Redente, E.F., 1984, Ecological studies of a natural and established ecosystems on energy related 

disturbances in Colorado: Department of Range Studies, Colorado State University, 85 p.

Sample, B.E., and Suter, G.W., 2002, Screening evaluation of the ecological risks to terrestrial 

wildlife associated with a coal ash disposal site: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 

v. 8, no. 4, p. 637–656.
209

Santos, M., Bastos, R.,Travassos, P., Bessa, R., Repas, M., and Cabral, A.J., 2009, Predicting the 

trends of vertebrate species richness as a response to wind farms installation in mountain 

ecosystems of Northwest Portugal: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 2, p. 192–205.

Smallwood, K.S., Bell, D.A., Snyder, S.A., and Didonato, J.E., 2010, Novel scavenger removal 

trials increase wind turbine-caused avian fatality estimates: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 74, no. 5, p. 1089–1097.

Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development, 2008, Recommendations for responsible oil 

and gas development: Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development, 16 p.

Suyama, H., Benes, S.E., Robinson, P.H., Getachew, G., Grattan, S.R., and Grieve, C.M., 2007, 

Biomass yield and nutritional quality of forage species under long-term irrigation with 

saline-sodic drainage water—Field evaluation: Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 

135, no. 3-4, p. 329–345.

Switalski, T.A., 2006, How many is too many—A review of road density thresholds for wildlife: 

Road-RIPorter, v. 11, no. 4, p. 6–8.

Tarlow, E.M., and Blumstein, D.T., 2007, Evaluating methods to quantify anthropogenic 

stressors on wild animals: Applied Animal Behaviour Science, v. 102, no. 3–4, p. 429–

451.

Theobald, D.M., Miller, J.R., and Hobbs, N.T., 1997, Estimating the cumulative effects of 

development on wildlife habitat: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 39, p. 25–36.

Thomas, M.G., 1983, Human demographic impacts on fish and wildlife resources from energy 

development in rural western areas: Kansas City, Mo., Midwest Research Institute, 376 p.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005, Wind power—Impacts on wildlife and 

government responsibilities for regulating development and protecting wildlife: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 64 p.

Watson, M.L., 2005, Habitat fragmentation and the effects of roads on wildlife and habitats: 

Santa Fe, N. Mex., New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Conservation Services 

Division, 18 p.

Western Governors’ Association, 2007, Wildlife corridors initiative: Jackson, Wyo., Oil and Gas 

Working Group Report, Western Governors' Association, 19 p.

Bats

American Wind Energy Association, 2004, Proceedings of the wind energy and birds/bats 

workshop—Understanding and resolving bird and bat impacts: Washington, D.C., 

American Wind Energy Association, Audubon California, RESOLVE, Inc., 48 p.
210

Arnett, E.B., 2006, A preliminary evaluation on the use of dogs to recover bat fatalities at wind 

energy facilities: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1440–1445.

Arnett, E.B., Brown, W.K., Erickson, W.P., Fiedler, J.K., Hamilton, B.L., Henry, T.H., Jain, A., 

Johnson, G.D., Kerns, J., Koford, R.R., Nicholson, C.P., O'Connell, T.J., Piorkowski, 

M.D., and Tankersley, R.D., 2008, Patterns of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in 

North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 61–78.

Baerwald, E.F., and Barclay, R.M.R., 2009, Geographic variation in activity and fatality of 

migratory bats at wind energy facilities: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1341–

1349.

Baerwald, E.F., Edworthy, J., Holder, M., and Barclay, R., 2009, A large-scale mitigation 

experiment to reduce bat fatalities at wind energy facilities: The Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1077–1081.

Cryas, P.M., and Barclay, R.M.R., 2009, Causes of bat fatalities at wind turbines—Hypotheses 

and predictions: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 3, p. 1330–1340.

Hull, C.L., and Muir, S., 2010, Search areas for monitoring bird and bat carcasses at wind farms 

using a Monte-Carlo model: Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, v. 17, 

p. 77–87.

Johnson, G.D., Perlik, M.K., Erickson, W.P., and Strickland, M.D., 2004, Bat activity, 

composition, and collision mortality at a large windplant in Minnesota: Wildlife Society 

Bulletin, v. 32, no. 4, p. 1278–1288.

Kunz, T., Arnett, E., Cooper, B., Erickson, W., Larkin, R., Mabee, T., Morrison, M., Dale 

Strickland, M., and Szewczak, J., 2007, Assessing impacts of wind-energy development 

on nocturnally active birds and bats—A guidance document: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2449–2486.

Smallwood, K.S., and Karas, B., 2009, Avian and bat fatality rates at old-generation and 

repowered wind turbines in California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 

1062–1071.

Sovacool, B.K., 2009, Contextualizing avian mortality—A preliminary appraisal of bird and bat 

fatalities from wind, fossil-fuel, and nuclear electricity: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 6, p. 

2241–2248.

Wendy, W., 2004, When blade meets bat: Scientific American, v. 290, p. 20–21.
211

Birds

American Wind Energy Association, 2004, Proceedings of the wind energy and birds/bats 

workshop—Understanding and resolving bird and bat impacts: Washington, D.C., 

American Wind Energy Association, Audubon California, RESOLVE, Inc., 48 p.

Barrios, L., and Rodriquez, A., 2004, Behavioral and environmental correlates of soaring-bird 

mortality at on-shore wind turbines: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 41, p. 72–81.

Bellamy, P.E., Croxton, P.J., Heard, M.S., Hinsley, S.A., Hulmes, L., Hulmes, S., Nuttall, P., 

Pywell, R.F., and Rothery, P., 2009, The impact of growing miscanthus for biomass on 

farmland bird populations: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 191–199.

Butler, M.J., Wallace, M.C., Ballard, W.B., DeMaso, S.J., and Applegate, R.D., 2005, The 

relationship of Rio Grande wild turkey distributions to roads: Wildlife Society Bulletin, 

v. 33, no. 2, 745–748 p.

Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J.A., Benitez, J.R., Lobon, M., and Donazar, J.A., 2009, Large 

scale risk-assessment of wind-farms on population viability of a globally endangered 

long-lived raptor: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 12, p. 2954–2961.

De Lucas, M., Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., 2007, Birds and wind farms—Risk assessment and 

mitigation (1st ed): Quercus, 278 p.

Desholm, M., 2009, Avian sensitivity to mortality—Prioritising migratory bird species for 

assessment at proposed wind farms: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 90, no 8, 

p. 2672–2679.

Eichhorn, M., and Drechsler, M., 2010, Spatial trade-offs between wind power production and 

bird collision avoidance in agricultural landscapes: Ecology and Society, v. 15, no. 2, p. 

10.

Erickson, W.P., Johnson, G.D., and Young Jr., D.P., 2005, A summary and comparison of bird 

mortality from anthropogenic causes with an emphasis on collisions: Washington, D.C., 

USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, v. 2, 14 p.

Farfán, M.A., Vargas, J.M., Duarte, J., and Real, R., 2009, What is the impact of wind farms on 

birds? A case study in southern Spain: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 18, no. 14, p. 

3743–3758.

Francis, C.D., Ortega, C.P., and Cruz, A., 2009, Noise pollution changes avian communities and 

species interactions: Current Biology, v. 19, no. 16, p. 1415–1419.

Good, R.E., Young Jr., D.P., and Eddy, J.P., 2002, Distribution of mountain plovers in the 

Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Cheyenne, Wyo., U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 13

p.
212

Guillemette, M., Larsen, J.K., and Clausager, I., 1998, Impact assessment of an off–shore wind 

park on sea ducks: NERI Technical Report, Ministry of Environment and Energy, 

National Environmental Research Institute, v. 227, 61 p.

Howell, J.A., 1997, Bird mortality at rotor swept area equivalents, Altamont Pass and 

Montezuma Hills, California: Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife 

Society, v. 33, p. 24–29.

Hull, C.L., and Muir, S., 2010, Search areas for monitoring bird and bat carcasses at wind farms 

using a Monte-Carlo model: Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, v. 17, 

p. 77–87.

Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., 1999, Avian electrocution on power poles—European experiences, 

in Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., eds., Birds and power lines—Collisions, electrocution, 

and breeding: Madrid, Spain, Quercus Publishing Co., p. 145–164.

Kennamer, R.A., McCreedy, C.D., and Brisbin, I.L., 1993, Patterns of radiocesium 

contamination in eggs of free-ranging wood duck: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 

57, no. 4, p. 716–724.

Kennamer, R.A., Stout, J.R., Jackson, B.P., Colwell, S.V., Brisbin, I.L., and Burger, J., 2005, 

Mercury patterns in wood duck eggs from a contaminated reservoir in South Carolina, 

U.S.A.: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 7, p. 1793–1800.

Kikuchi, R., 2008, Adverse impacts of wind power generation on collision behaviour of birds 

and anti-predator behaviour of squirrels: Journal for Nature Conservation, v. 16, no. 1, p. 

44–55.

Krüger, T., and Garthe, S., 2001, Flight altitudes of coastal birds in relation to wind direction and 

speed: Atlantic Seabirds, v. 3, no. 4, p. 203–216.

Kunz, T., Arnett, E., Cooper, B., Erickson, W., Larkin, R., Mabee, T., Morrison, M., Dale 

Strickland, M., and Szewczak, J., 2007, Assessing impacts of wind-energy development 

on nocturnally active birds and bats—A guidance document: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2449–2486.

Murray, L.D., Best, L.B., Jacobsen, T.J., and Braster, M.L., 2003, Potential effects on grassland 

birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 167–175.

Martin, G.R., and Shaw, J.M., 2010, Bird collisions with power lines—Failing to see the way 

ahead?: Biological Conservation, v. 143, no. 11, p. 2695–2702.

Masden, E.A., Fox, A.D., Furness, R.W., Bullman, R., and Haydon, D.T., 2009, Cumulative 

impact assessments and bird/wind farm interactions—Developing a conceptual 

framework: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1–7.
213

Masden, E.A., Haydon, D.T., Fox, A.D., Furness, R.W., Bullman, R., and Desholm, M., 2009, 

Barriers to movement—Impacts of wind farms on migrating birds: ICES Journal of 

Marine Science, v. 66, no. 4, p. 746–753.

Moore, D.R.J., Sample, B.E., Suter, G.W., Parkhurst, B.R., and Teed, R.S., 1999, A probabilistic 

risk assessment of the effects of methyl-mercury and PCBs on mink and kingfishers 

along East Fork Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.: Environmental Toxicology 

and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2941–2953.

Murray, L.D., Best, L.B., Jacobsen, T.J., and Braster, M.L., 2003, Potential effects on grassland 

birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 167–175.

Orloff, S., and Flannery, A., 1992, Wind turbine effects on avian activity, habitat use, and 

mortality in Altamont Pass and Solano County Wind Resource Areas 1989–1991: 

Tiburon, Calif., BioSystems Analysis, Inc., 199 p.

Orloff, S. and A. Flannery 1996, A continued examination of avian mortality in the Altamont 

Pass wind resource area: Tiburon, Calif., BioSystems Analysis, Inc., 60 p.

Pearce-Higgins, J.W., Stephen, L., Langston, R.H.W., Bainbridge, I.P., and Bullman, R., 2009, 

The distribution of breeding birds around upland wind farms: Journal of Applied 

Ecology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1323–1331.

Pease, M.L., Rose, R.K., and Butler, M.J., 2005, Effects of human disturbances on the behavior 

of wintering ducks: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 1, p. 103–112.

PNAWPPM-IV, 2001, National avian-wind power planning meeting IV, Carmel, Calif., May 

2000, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., RESOLVE, Inc., 179 p.

Roth, A.M., Sample, D.W., Ribic, C.A., Paine, L., Undersander, D.J., and Bartelt, G.A., 2005, 

Grassland bird response to harvesting switchgrass as a biomass energy crop: Biomass & 

Bioenergy, v. 28, no. 5, p. 490–498.

Schummer, M.L., and Eddleman, W.R., 2003, Effects of disturbance on activity and energy 

budgets of migrating waterbirds in South-Central Oklahoma: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 67, no. 4, p. 789–795.

Smallwood, K.S., and Karas, B., 2009, Avian and bat fatality rates at old-generation and 

repowered wind turbines in California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 

1062–1071.

Smallwood, K.S., Rugge, L., and Morrison, M.L., 2009, Influence of behavior on bird mortality 

in wind energy developments: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1082–

1098.
214

Smallwood, K.S., and Thelanderb, C., 2008, Bird mortality in the Altamont Pass wind resource 

area, California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 215–223.

Sovacool, B.K., 2009, Contextualizing avian mortality—A preliminary appraisal of bird and bat 

fatalities from wind, fossil-fuel, and nuclear electricity: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 6, p. 

2241–2248.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2009, Whooping cranes and wind development—An issue paper: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 27 p.

Grouse (Sage, Prairie)

Aldridge, C.L., Boyce, M.S., and Baydack, R.K., 2004, Adaptive management of prairie 

grouse—How do we get there?: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, p. 92–103.

Beck, J.L., 2006, Literature review of oil and natural gas development impacts on Prairie 

Grouse: Grand Junction, Colo., Colorado Division of Wildlife, 24 p.

Becker, J.M., Tagestad, J.D., Duberstein, C.A., and Downs, J.L., 2009, Sage-grouse and wind 

energy—Biology, habits, and potential effects from development: Pacific Northwest 

National Laboratory, 35 p.

Braun, C.E., Oedekoven, O.O., and Aldridge, C.L., 2002, Oil and gas development in western 

North America—Effects on sagebrush steppe avifauna with particular emphasis on sage 

grouse, in Transactions of the sixty-seventh North American wildlife and natural 

resources conference, Dallas, Tex., April 2002, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., Wildlife 

Management Institute, p. 337–349.

Connelley, J.W., Schroeder, M.A., Sands, A.R., and Braun, C.E., 2000, Guidelines to manage 

sage grouse populations and their habitats: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 4, p. 967–

985.

Denney, D., 2009, Restoring sagebrush habitat in the Pinedale Anticline natural-gas field in 

Wyoming: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 61, no. 8, p. 51–52.

Doherty, K.E., Naugle, D.E., Walker, B.L., and Graham, J.M., 2008, Greater sage-grouse winter 

habitat selection and energy development: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, 

p. 187–195.

Harju, S.M., Dzialak, M.R., Taylor, R.C., Hayden-Wing, L.D., and Winstead, J.B., 2010, 

Thresholds and time lags in effects of energy development on greater sage-grouse

populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, p. 437–448.

Holloran, M.J., 2005, Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) population response to 

natural gas field development in western Wyoming: Laramie, Wyo., University of 

Wyoming, Ph.D. dissertation, 223 p.
215

Holloran, M.J., Kaiser, R.C., and Hubert, W., 2010, Yearling greater sage-grouse response to 

energy development in Wyoming: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 1, p. 65–

72.

Pruett, C. L., Patten, M.A., and Wolfe, D.H., 2009, Avoidance behavior by prairie grouse—

Implications for development of wind energy: Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 

1253–1259.

Pruett, C. L., Patten, M.A., and Wolfe, D., 2009, It’s not easy being green—Wind energy and a 

declining grassland bird: BioScience, v. 59, no. 3, p. 257–262.

Walston, L.J., Cantwell, B.L., and Krummel, J.R., 2009, Quantifying spatiotemporal changes in 

a sagebrush ecosystem in relation to energy development: Ecography, v. 32, no. 6, p. 

943–952.

Mammals

Berger, J., Berger, K.M., and Beckmann, J.P., 2006, Wildlife and energy development—

Pronghorn of the Upper Green River Basin—Year One Summary: Bronx, N.Y., Wildlife 

Conservation Society, 56 p.

Bradshaw, C.J.A., Boutin, S., and Hebert, D., 1998, Energetic implications of disturbance caused 

by petroleum exploration to woodland caribou: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 76, no. 

7, p. 1319–1324.

Haskell, S.P., Nielson, R.M., Ballard, W.B., Cronin, M.A., and McDonald, T.L., 2006, Dynamic 

responses of calving caribou to oilfields in northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 59, no. 2, p. 179–

190.

Jenkins, D.A., Schaefer, J.A., Rosatte, R., Bellhouse, T., Hamr, J., and Mallory, F.F., 2007, 

Winter resource selection of reintroduced elk and sympatric white-tailed deer at multiple 

spatial scales: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 88, no. 3, p. 614–624.

Kikuchi, R., 2008, Adverse impacts of wind power generation on collision behaviour of birds 

and anti-predator behaviour of squirrels: Journal for Nature Conservation, v. 16, no. 1, p. 

44–55.

Rabin, L.A., Coss, R.G., and Owings, D.H., 2006, The effects of wind turbines on antipredator 

behavior in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi): Biological 

Conservation, v. 131, no. 3, 410–420 p.

Schallenberger, A., 1980, Review of oil and gas exploitation impacts on grizzly bears, in 

Bears—Their biology and management: Missoula, Mont., University of Montana, Border 

Grizzly Project, p. 3–6.

Sawyer, H., 2006, Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a 

natural gas field: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 2, p. 396-403.
216

Sawyer, H., 2007, Final report for the Atlantic Rim mule deer study: Cheyenne, Wyo., 

Anardarko Petroleum Company, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Warren E&P, Inc., 

Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 29 p.

Sawyer, H., Kauffman, M.J., and Nielson, R.M., 2009, Influence of well pad activity on winter 

habitat selection patterns of mule deer: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 7, 

p. 1052–1061.

Sawyer, H., Lindzey, F., and McWhirter, D., 2005, Mule deer and pronghorn migration in 

western Wyoming: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 4, p. 1266–1273.

Sawyer, H., Nielson, R.M., Lindzey, F., and McDonald, L.L., 2006, Winter habitat selection of 

mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field: The Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 70, no. 2, p. 396–403.

Smith, R.B., and Van Daele, L.J., 1990, Impacts of hydroelectric development on brown bears, 

Kodiak Island, Alaska, in Bears—Their biology and managements, Volume 8—A 

selection of papers from the eighth international conference on bear research and 

management: Victoria, British Columbia, International Association of Bear Research and 

Management, p. 93–103.

Tsiperson, V.P., and Soloviev, M.Y., 1997, The impact of chronic radioactive stress on the 

immuno-physiological condition of small mammals: Science of The Total Environment, 

v. 203, no. 2, p. 105–113.

Walter, W.D., Leslie Jr., D.M., and Jenks, J.A., Response of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus 

elaphus) to wind-power development: American Midland Naturalist, v. 156, p. 363–375.

Human Landscape Effects

The human landscape is comprised of components and sub-components which allow our 

cultures to exist. These include meeting our basic needs, our social and political systems, 

lifestyle and behavior aspects, and economics and basic demographics. There is a myriad of 

interactions between the human landscape and energy development and use. Land and resource 

managers need to balance the effects of development on both the natural and human landscapes 

with the demand for energy. The citation sources are grouped into: attitudes and perceptions; 

community and social effects; economics; health and safety concerns; Native Americans; and 

politics, policy, and regulation.

Attitudes and Perceptions

While not always quantifiable, the opinions people cultivate towards various energy 

types, technologies, and energy uses affect everything from development capabilities to 

government policies for future energy use. Many of the sources cited below focus on how the 

public receives information on various energy types, the attitudes and perceptions they already 
217

have and build upon as far as energy and those who supply it are concerned, and the issues that 

various communities may focus on at any given time, like landscape preservation and pollution.

Aitken, M., 2009, Why we still don't understand the social aspects of wind power—A critique of 

key assumptions within the literature: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1834–1841.

Alberts, D.J., 2007, Stakeholders or subject matter experts, who should be consulted?: Energy 

Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 2336–2346.

Assefa, G., and Frostell, B., 2007, Social sustainability and social acceptance in technology 

assessment—A case study of energy technologies: Technology in Society, v. 29, no. 1, p. 

63–78.

Baral, N., and Heinen, J.T., 2007, Resources use, conservation attitudes, management 

intervention and park-people relations in the Western Terai landscape of Nepal: 

Environmental Conservation, v. 34, no. 1, p. 64–72.

Benedict, R., Bone, H., Leavel, W., and Rice, R., 1980, The voters and attitudes toward nuclear 

power—A comparative study of nuclear moratorium initiatives: The Western Political 

Quarterly, v. 33, no. 1, p. 7–23.

Bezdek, R.H., 2009, Nuclear power prospects in the U.S.A.—The continuing problem of the 

waste issue: Energy & Environment, v. 20, p. 375–385.

Boersema, J., Blowers, A., and Martin, A., 2007, Biofuels and perverse subsidies—Fuelling the 

wrong solutions?: Environmental Sciences, v. 4, no. 4, p. 195–198.

Burch, S., 2010, In pursuit of resilient, low carbon communities—An examination of barriers to 

action in three Canadian cities: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7575–7585.

Burger, J., Roush, D.E., Ramos, R., and Gochfeld, M., 2000, Risk concerns, land use, 

stewardship, and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory—

Attitudes of the Shoshone-Bannock and other American Indians: Environmental 

Research, v. 83, no. 3, p. 298–310.

Burgherr, P., and Hirschberg, S., 2008, Severe accident risks in fossil energy chains—A 

comparative analysis: Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 538–553.

Candel–Sánchez, F., 2006, The externalities problem of transboundary and persistent pollution: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 52, no. 1, p. 517–526.

Carrera, D.G., and Mack, A., 2010, Sustainability assessment of energy technologies via social 

indicators—Results of a survey among European energy experts: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 2, p. 1030–1039.
218

Chang, H.-H., Mishra, A.K., and Livingston, M., 2011, Agricultural policy and its impact on fuel 

usage—Empirical evidence from farm household analysis: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, 

p. 348–353.

Czech, B., and Borkhataria, R., 2001, The relationship of political party affiliation to wildlife 

conservation attitudes: Politics Life Science, v. 20, p. 3–12.

Dai, C., Tao, J., Zhao, M., and Jiang, B., 2007, Energetic efficiency and environmental, 

economic, societal benefits of microdiesel from biowastes: Energy Exploration & 

Exploitation, v. 25, no. 3, p. 219–226.

Del Chiaro, B., 2006, Rave reviews for solar homes—A survey of homeowners in California: 

Los Angeles, Calif., Environment California, 24 p.

Delshad, A.B., Raymond, L., Sawicki, V., and Wegener, D.T., 2010, Public attitudes toward 

political and technological options for biofuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3414–

3425.

Driffill, L., and Owens, S., 2008, How to change attitudes and behaviours in the context of 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4412–4418. 

Duncan, O.D., 1978, Sociologists should reconsider nuclear energy: Social Forces, v. 57, no. 1,

p. 1–22.

Farhar, B.C., 1994, Trends in U.S. public perceptions and preferences on energy and 

environmental policy: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 19, p. 211–239.

Farsi, M., 2010, Risk aversion and willingness to pay for energy efficient systems in rental 

apartments: Energy Policy, v. 38, p. 3078–3088.

Fox, G.A., 2001, Wildlife as sentinels of human health effects in the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence 

Basin: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 109, no. 6, p. 853–861.

Furby, L., Slovic, P., Fischoff, B., and Gregory, R., 1988, Public perceptions of electric power 

transmission lines: Journal of Environmental Psychology, v. 8, no. 1, p. 19–43.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

Garrone, P., and Grilli, L., 2010, Is there a relationship between public expenditures in energy 

R&D and carbon emissions per GDP? An empirical investigation: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 10, p. 5600–5613.

Gentemann, K.M., 1981, Social and political perspectives on energy policy: New York, N.Y., 

Praeger Publishing, 190 p.
219

Gross, C., 2007, Community perspectives of wind energy in Australia—The application of a 

justice and community fairness framework to increase social acceptance: Energy Policy, 

v. 35, no. 5, p. 2727–2736.

Halder, P., Pietarinen, J., Havu-Nuutinen, S., and Pelkonen, P., 2010, Young citizens’ knowledge 

and perceptions of bioenergy and future policy implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, 

p. 3058–3066.

Jobert, A., Laborgne, P., and Mimler, S., 2007, Local acceptance of wind energy—Factors of 

success identified in French and German case studies: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 

2751–2760.

Johansson, M., and Laike, T., 2007, Intention to respond to local wind turbines—The role of 

attitudes and visual perception: Wind Energy, v. 10, p. 435–451.

Jolivet, E., and Heiskanen, E., 2010, Blowing against the wind—An exploratory application of 

actor network theory to the analysis of local controversies and participation processes in 

wind energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6746–6754.

Kahneman, D., and Knetsch, J.L., 1992, Valuing public goods—The purchase of moral 

satisfaction: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 22, no. 1, p. 57–

70.

Katz, C., 2004, Public attitudes and support for solar power—A survey of likely voters in 

California conducted for Environment California Research and Policy Center: 

Environment California Research and Policy Center, 9 p.

Kleiner, K., 2007, The backlash against biofuels: Nature Reports Climate Change, 9 p.

Konar, S., and Cohen, M.A., 1997, Information as regulation—The effect of community right to 

know laws on toxic emissions: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 

32, no. 1, p. 109–124.

Kotchen, M.J., and Moore, M.R., 2007, Private provision of environmental public goods—

Household participation in green-electricity programs: Journal of Environmental 

Economics and Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 1–16.

Landscape Design Associates, 2000, Cumulative effects of wind turbines—Volume 2, Report on 

qualitative public attitude research in Mid-Wales: Landscape Design Associates, 45 p.

La Porte, T., and Metlay, D., 1975, Public attitudes toward present and future technologies—

Satisfactions and apprehensions: Social Studies of Science, v. 5, no. 4, p. 373–398.

Leyland, B., 2009, Barriers to large-scale renewable energy generation: Energy & Environment, 

v. 20, p. 1243–1247.
220

Liao, S.-Y., Tseng, W.-C., and Chen, C.-C., 2010, Eliciting public preference for nuclear energy 

against the backdrop of global warming: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7054–7069.

Macilwain, C., 1997, Public rejects sceptics' line on global warming: Nature, v. 389, p. 531.

Mitchell, C., and Woodman, B., 2010, Towards trust in regulation—Moving to a public value 

regulation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2644–2651.

Mumford, J., and Gray, D., 2010, Consumer engagement in alternative energy—Can the 

regulators and suppliers be trusted?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2664–2671.

Murdock, S.H., Leistritz, F.L., and Hamm, R.R., 1983, Socioeconomic impacts of large-scale 

developments—Implications for high-level nuclear waste repositories: The 

Environmental Professional, v. 5, p. 183–194.

National Research Council, 2006, Tires and passenger vehicle fuel economy—Informing 

consumers, improving performance: Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board, 

174 p.

National Research Council, 2008, What you need to know about energy: Washington D.C., 

National Academies Press, 32 p.

O'Brien, G., and Hope, A., 2010, Localism and energy—Negotiating approaches to embedding 

resilience in energy systems: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7550–7558.

Opaluch, J.J., Swallow, S.K., Thomas,W., Christopher, W., and Dennis, W., 1993, Evaluating 

impacts from noxious facilities—Including public preferences in current siting 

mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 41–

59.

Pointvogl, A, 2009, Perceptions, realities, concession—What is driving the integration of 

European energy policies?: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5704–5716.

Portman, M., 2009, Involving the public in the impact assessment of offshore renewable energy 

facilities: Marine Policy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 332–338.

Poupeau, F.M., 2009, Domestic customers and reform of the gas sector—An organizational 

sociology perspective: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5385–5392.

Prasad, A., and Mir, R., 2002, Digging deep for meaning—A critical hermeneutic analysis of 

CEO letters to shareholders in the oil industry: Journal of Business Communication, v. 

39, p. 92–116.

Rahu, M., 2003, Health effects of the Chernobyl accident—Fears, rumours and the truth: 

European Journal of Cancer, v. 39, no. 3, p. 295–299.
221

Raven, R.P.J.M., Mourik, R.M., Feenstra, C.F.J., and Heiskanen, E., 2009, Modulating societal 

acceptance in new energy projects—Towards a toolkit methodology for project 

managers: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 564–574.

Rayner, S., 2010, Trust and the transformation of energy systems: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

2617–2623.

Ricci, M., Bellaby, P., and Flynn, R., 2010, Engaging the public on paths to sustainable energy—

Who has to trust whom?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2633–2640.

Salmi, O.H., and Hukkinen, J.I., 2007, Cultural contextualization of indicators of humanenvironment interaction—The case of the Kola mining network: Environmental Sciences, 

v. 4, no. 4, p. 209–228.

Sauter, R., and Watson, J., 2007, Strategies for the deployment of micro-generation—

Implications for social acceptance: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2770–2779.

Shaw, S., and Mazzucchelli, P., 2010, Evaluating the perspectives for hydrogen energy uptake in 

communities—Success criteria and their application: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5359–5371.

Sherry-Brennan, F., Devine-Wright, H., and Devine-Wright, P., 2010, Public understanding of 

hydrogen energy—A theoretical approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5311–5319.

Stern, P.C. and Aronson, E., 1984, Energy use—The human dimension: New York, W.H. 

Freeman and Company, 250 p.

Theo, C., 1995, Pesticides—How research has succeeded and failed to translate science into 

policy: Endocrinological Effects on Wildlife, v. 103, p. 81–85.

Thomas, K., Dunster, H.J., and Green, C., 1981, Comparative risk perception—How the public 

perceives the risks and benefits of energy systems [and discussion]: Proceedings of the 

Royal Society of London, Series A, v. 376, no. 1764, p. 35–50.

Thompson, R.C., Moore, C.J., vom Saal, F.S., and Swan, S.H., 2009, Plastics, the environment 

and human health—Current consensus and future trends: Philosophical Transactions of 

the Royal Society B—Biological Sciences, v. 364, no. 1526, p. 2153–2166.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1977, Public comments and task force responses 

regarding the environmental survey of the reprocessing and waste management portions 

of the LWR fuel cycle: Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office 

of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, 425 p.
222

Valentine, S.V., 2010, Sheltering wind power projects from tempestuous community concerns: 

Energy for Sustainable Development, v. 15, no. 1, p. 109–114.

van der Horst, D., 2007, NIMBY or not? Exploring the relevance of location and the politics of 

voiced opinions in renewable energy siting controversies: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 

2705–2714.

Van de Velde, L., Verbeke, W., Popp, M., and Van Huylenbroeck, G., 2010, The importance of 

message framing for providing information about sustainability and environmental 

aspects of energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5541–5549.

Walker, G., Devine-Wright, P., Hunter, S., High, H., and Evans, B., 2010, Trust and 

community—Exploring the meanings, contexts and dynamics of community renewable 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2655–2663.

Watts, M.J., 2005, Righteous oil? Human rights, the oil complex, and corporate social 

responsibility: : Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 30, p. 373-407.

Webler, T., and Tuler, S.P., 2010, Getting the engineering right is not always enough—

Researching the human dimensions of the new energy technologies: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 6, p. 2690–2691.

West, J., Bailey, I., and Winter, M., 2010, Renewable energy policy and public perceptions of 

renewable energy—A cultural theory approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5739–

5748.

Wiser, R.H., 2007, Using contingent valuation to explore willingness to pay for renewable 

energy—A comparison of collective and voluntary payment vehicles: Ecological 

Economics, v. 62, no. 3-4, p. 419–432.

Wolfe, A.K., 1993, Risk communication in social context—Improving effective communication: 

Environmental Professional, v. 15, no. 3, p. 248–255.

Wüstenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., and Burer, M.J., 2007, Social acceptance of renewable energy 

innovation—An introduction to the concept: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2683–2691.

Yankelovich, D., 1982, Changing public attitudes to science and the quality of life—Edited 

excerpts from a seminar: Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 7, no. 39, p. 23–29.

Yetano Roche, M., Mourato, S., Fischedick, M., Pietzner, K., and Viebahn, P., 2010, Public 

attitudes towards and demand for hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles—A review of the 

evidence and methodological implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5301–5310.

Zehe, E., and Sivapalan, M., 2009, Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geoecosystems—Manifestations, controls, implications: Hydrology and Earth System 

Sciences, v. 13, no. 7, p. 1273–1297.
223

Community and Social Effects

This section covers the effects that energy development can have on the infrastructure 

and socio-economic systems within communities. The topics of the reports cited describe the 

development of boomtowns, the changes in government and economics within existing 

communities spurred by energy development, and the indirect social effects that incur, like a 

reorganization of social demographics or an insurgence of child-abuse cases. While research that 

deals specifically with rural communities has a separate subheading here, concerns focused more 

on agriculture are presented in the “Agriculture” category located under the “Landscape 

Concerns and Land Use” sub-category above.

Aitken, M., 2009, Why we still don't understand the social aspects of wind power—A critique of 

key assumptions within the literature: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1834–1841.

Aitken, M., 2010, Wind power and community benefits—Challenges and opportunities: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6066–6075.

Akella, A.K., Saini, R.P., and Sharma, M.P., 2008, Social, economical and environmental 

impacts of renewable energy systems: Renewable Energy, v. 34, no. 2009, p. 390–396.

Amundson, M.A., 1995, Home on the range no more—The boom and bust of a Wyoming 

uranium mining town, 1957–1988: Western Historical Quarterly, v. 26, no. 4, p. 483–

505.

Amundson, M.A., 2002, Yellowcake towns—Uranium mining communities in the American 

west: Boulder, Colo., University Press of Colorado, 208 p.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.

Andrew, R.B.F., 2001, Population and the demise of cheap energy: Politics and the Life 

Sciences, v. 20, p. 217–226.

Assefa, G., and Frostell, B., 2007, Social sustainability and social acceptance in technology 

assessment—A case study of energy technologies: Technology in Society, v. 29, no. 1, p. 

63–78.

Bajay, S.V., 1982, Economic and social impacts from a power-system expansion program: 

Science and Public Policy, v. 9, no. 4, p. 179–186.

Becker, D.R., Harris, C.C., McLaughlin, W.J., and Nielsen, E.A., 2003, A participatory approach 

to social impact assessment—The interactive community forum: Environmental Impact 

Assessment Review, v. 23, no. 3, p. 367–382.
224

Behling Jr., D.J., Dullien, R., and Hudson, E., 1976, Relationship of energy growth to economic 

growth under alternative energy policies—Analysis of ERDA RD and D plans: Upton, 

N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 247 p.

Berkes, F., 1981, Some environmental and social impacts of the James Bay hydroelectric project, 

Canada: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 157–172.

Bellaby, P., 2010, Uncertainties and risks in transitions to sustainable energy and the part ‘trust’ 

might play in managing them—A comparison with the current pension crisis: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2624–2630.

Bishop, I.D., and Miller, D.R., 2006, Visual assessment of off-shore wind turbines—The 

influence of distance, contrast, movement and social variables: Renewable Energy, v. 32, 

18 p.

Black, J. 1982, Liquid fuels in Australia—A social-science research perspective: Sydney, 

Australia, Pergamon Press, 266 p.

Boulding, K.E., 1973, The economics of energy: The Annals of the American Academy of 

Political and Social Science, v. 410, no. 1, p. 120–126.

Boulding, K.E., 1974, The social system and the energy crisis: Science, v. 184, no. 4134, p. 255–

257.

Braunstein, H.M., Kornegay, F.C., Roop, R.D., and Sharples, F.E., 1980, Environmental and 

health aspects of biomass energy systems, in Klass, D.L., and Emert, G.H., eds., Fuels 

from biomass and wastes: Ann Arbor, Mich., Ann Arbor Science Publishers, p. 463–504.

Burch, S., 2010, In pursuit of resilient, low carbon communities—An examination of barriers to 

action in three Canadian cities: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7575–7585.

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Kosson, D.S., Powers, C.W., Friedlander, B., Eichelberger, J., Barnes, 

D., Duffy, L.K., Jewett, S.C., and Volz, C.D., 2005, Science, policy, and stakeholders—

Developing a consensus science plan for Amchitka Island, Aleutians, Alaska: 

Environmental Management, v. 35, no. 5, p. 557–568.

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Powers, C.W., Kosson, D.S., Halverson, J., Siekaniec, G., Morkill, A., 

Patrick, R., Duffy, L.K., and Barnes, D., 2007, Scientific research, stakeholders, and 

policy—Continuing dialogue during research on radionuclides on Amchitka Island, 

Alaska: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 85, no. 1, p. 232–244.

Burger, J., Roush, D.E., Ramos, R., and Gochfeld, M., 2000, Risk concerns, land use, 

stewardship, and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory—

Attitudes of the Shoshone-Bannock and other American Indians: Environmental 

Research, v. 83, no. 3, p. 298–310.
225

Burnett, R.A., and Fraley, D.W., 1977, Description and comparison of energy impact assessment 

models: Richland, Wash., Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 97 p.

Byrne, J., Martinez, C., and Ruggero, C., 2009, Relocating energy in the social commons—Ideas 

for a sustainable energy utility: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 20, no. 2, 

p. 81–94.

Byrne, J., Toly, N., and Glover, L., 2006, Energy as a social project—Recovering a discourse, in

Byrne, J., Toly, N.,and Glover, L., eds., Transforming power—Energy, environment, and 

society in conflict: Transaction Publishers, 32 p.

Camasso, M.J., and Wilkinson, K.P., 1990, Severe child maltreatment in ecological 

perspective—The case of the Western energy boom: Journal of Social Service Research, 

v. 13, no. 3, p. 1–18.

Campbell, J.H., Wang, F.T., Mead, S.W., and Busby, J.F., 1979, Groundwater quality near an 

underground coal gasification experiment: Journal of Hydrology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 241–

266.

Carolan, M.S., 2009, A sociological look at biofuels—Ethanol in the early decades of the 

twentieth century and lessons for today: Rural Sociology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 86–112.

Carrera, D.G., and Mack, A., 2010, Sustainability assessment of energy technologies via social 

indicators—Results of a survey among European energy experts: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 2, p. 1030–1039.

Chang, H.-H., Mishra, A.K., and Livingston, M., 2011, Agricultural policy and its impact on fuel 

usage—Empirical evidence from farm household analysis: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, 

p. 348–353.

Chen, D., Ma, X., Mu, H., and Li, P., 2010, The inequality of natural resources consumption and 

its relationship with the social development level based on the ecological footprint and 

the HDI: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 

69–86.

Christman, R.C., Haslbeck, J., Sedlik, B., Murray, W., and Wilson, W., 1980, Activities, effects 

and impacts of the coal fuel cycle for a 1,000-MWe electric power generating plant: 

McLean, Va., Teknekron, Inc., 613 p.

Churchman, C.W., Nelson, H.G., and Eacret, K., 1977, Value distribution assessment of 

geothermal development in Lake County, CA: Berkeley, Calif., California University, 

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 114 p.
226

Cleland, J.H., 2008, Large-scale cultural landscapes in rights-of-way management, in 

International symposium on environmental concerns in rights-of-way management, 8th, 

Saratoga Springs, N.Y., September 2004, Proceedings: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier 

Science, 9 p.

Cohen, T.M., and Bleakly, D.R., 1997, Addressing environmental justice under the National 

Environment Policy Act at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico: Albuquerque, N. 

M., Sandia National Laboratories, 91 p.

Cox, K.E., and Williamson Jr., K.D., 1979, Implications of hydrogen energy: Cleveland, Ohio, 

CRC Press, 129 p.

Crow, J.F., 1981, Comparison of energy risks: Proceedings of the American Philosophical 

Society, v. 125, no. 4, 8 p.

Cuppen, E., Breukers, S., Hisschemöller, M., and Bergsma, E., 2009, Q methodology to select 

participants for a stakeholder dialogue on energy options from biomass in the 

Netherlands: Ecological Economics, v. 69, p. 579–591.

Curry, M., and Greene, M., 1976, Program plan for performing social impact assessment—A 

case study of coal development in the Powder River region: Richland, Wash., Battelle 

Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 68 p.

Davies, R., 1984, The Sizewell B nuclear inquiry—An analysis of public participation in 

decision-making about nuclear power: Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 9, no. 

3, p. 21–32.

Davitian, H., Bright, R., and Marcuse, W., 1978, Utility load management and solar energy—

Study background and outline: Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 17 p.

de Carvalho, J.F., Mercedes, S.S.P., and Sauer, I.L., 2010, Precautionary principle, economic and 

energy systems and social equity: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5399–5402.

Del Carmen Torres Sibille, A., Cloquell-Ballester, V.A.d., Cloquell-Ballester, V.A., and Darton, 

R., 2009, Development and validation of a multicriteria indicator for the assessment of 

objective aesthetic impact of wind farms: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 

13, p. 40–66.

Dobbs, T.L., and Kiner, P.E., 1974, Two manpower location aspects of energy resource 

development—Case of the Wyoming uranium industry: Wyoming Agricultural 

Experiment Station Journal, 13 p.

Dodson, J., and Sipe, N., 2007, Oil vulnerability in the Australian city—Assessing the 

socioeconomic risks from higher urban fuel prices: Urban Studies, v. 44, p. 37-62.
227

Eccleston, C.H., 2009, Risk in review—Nuclear energy in the context of climate change: 

Environmental Quality Management, v. 18, no. 4, p. 45-52.

Energy Information Administration, 2009, Energy in brief—What everyone should know about 

energy: Washington, D.C., Energy Information Administration, 2 p.

Erb, K.H., Krausmann, F., Lucht, W., and Haberl, H., 2009, Embodies HANPP—Mapping the 

spatial disconnect between global biomass production and consumption: Ecological 

Economics, v. 69, no. 2, p. 328–334.

Esteves, A.M., and Vanclay, F., 2009, Social development needs analysis as a tool for SIA to 

guide corporate–community investment—Applications in the minerals industry: 

Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 29, no. 2, p. 137–145.

Fannin, J.M., Huges, D.W., Kiethly, W.O., and Guo, J., 2008, Deepwater energy industry 

impacts on economic growth and public service provision in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana: 

Socio–Economic Planning Sciences, v. 42, no. 3, p. 190–205.

Farrell, A.E., and Gopal, A.R., 2008, Bioenergy research needs for heat, electricity, and liquid 

fuels: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 373–380.

Feagin, J.R., 1990, Extractive regions in developed countries—A comparative analysis of the oil 

capitals, Houston and Aberdeen: Urban Affairs Review, v. 25, p. 591-619.

Fitzpatrick, F.C., Gray, D.D., Hyndman, J.R., Sisman, O., Suffern, J.S., Tyrrell, P.A., and West, 

D.C., 1976, Comparison between dispersed nuclear power plants and a nuclear energy 

center at a hypothetical site on Kentucky Lake, Tennessee: Oak Ridge Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 121 p.

Freudenburg, W.R., 1984, Boomtown’s youth—The differential impacts of rapid community 

growth on adolescents and adults: American Sociological Review, v. 49, p. 697–705.

Frigerio, N.A., Habegger, L.J., King, R.F., Hoover, L.J., Clark, N.A., and Cobian, J.M., 1975, 

SITE—A methodology for assessment of energy facility siting patterns: Argonne, Ill., 

Argonne National Laboratory, 116 p.

Fuller, M.C., Kunkel, C., and Kammen, D., 2009, Guide to energy efficiency and renewable 

energy, financing districts for local governments: Berkeley, Calif., University of 

California, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, 47 p.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

Giampietro, M., Mayumi, K., and Ramos-Martin, J., 2009, Multi-scale integrated analysis of 

societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM)—Theoretical concepts and basic 

rationale: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 313–322.
228

Gilmore, J.S., and Duff, M.K., 1975, Boom town growth management—A case study of Rock 

Springs—Green River, Wyoming: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 177 p.

GLOBE Foundation, 2006, The endless energy project—A blueprint for complete energy selfsufficiency in British Columbia: Vancouver, British Columbia, GLOBE Foundation, 62 

p.

Gold, R.L., 1985, Ranching, mining, and the human impact of natural resource development: 

New Brunswick, N.J., Transaction Books, Inc., 175 p.

Gómez, A., Zubizarreta, J., Dopazo, C., and Fueyo, N., 2011, Spanish energy roadmap to 2020—

Socioeconomic implications of renewable targets: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1973–1985. 

Hansen, J.L., Benson, E.D., and Hagen, D.A., 2006, Environmental hazards and residential 

property values—Evidence from a major pipeline event: Land Economics, v. 82, no. 4, p. 

529–541.

Hassan, G., 2005, Community benefits from wind power—A study of U.K. practice and

comparison with leading European countries: Centre for Sustainable Energy, 103 p.

Hoogensen, G., Bazely, D., Gabrielson, G.W., Brathen, K.-A., Repnevski, A., Christensen, J., 

Tanentzap, A, Feldt, A., and Zaretskaia, O., 2006, The impacts of oil and gas activity on 

peoples in the Arctic using a multiple securities perspective (GAPS): Tromsø, Norway, 

University of Tromsø, Norwegian Research Council, 5 p.

Hotz, M.C.B., 1981, Resources and development—Trying to close the gap responsibly: 

Mazingira, v. 5, no. 2, p. 52–61.

Howarth, R.B., and Monahan, P.A., 1992, Economics, ethics, and climate policy: Berkeley, 

Calif., Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 72 p.

Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission and ALL Consulting, 2008, Reducing onshore 

natural gas and oil exploration and production impacts using a broad-based stakeholder 

approach: Tulsa, Okla., NETL, National Petroleum Technology Office, 136 p. 

Jacobsen, J.J., 1975, Dynamic analysis of the environmental and social impacts of coal 

development in the Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming, 1960 to 2010: Richland, 

Wash, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 23 p.

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Jolivet, E., and Heiskanen, E., 2010, Blowing against the wind—An exploratory application of 

actor network theory to the analysis of local controversies and participation processes in 

wind energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6746–6754.
229

Keith, K., Sessoms, H., Neibauer, M., Skinner, Q., Bauder, J., Waskom, R., and Mesner, N., 

2005, Land and water inventory guide for landowners in areas of coal bed methane 

development: Montana State University, Northern Plains and Mountains Regional Water 

Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 54 p. 

Konar, S., and Cohen, M.A., 1997, Information as regulation—The effect of community right to 

know laws on toxic emissions: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 

32, no. 1, p. 109–124.

Leistritz, F.L., and Murdock, S.H., 1981, Socio-economic impact of resource development—

Methods for assessment: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 303 p.

Lerer, L.B., and Scudder, T., 1999, Health impacts of large dams: Environmental Impact 

Assessment Review, v. 19, no. 2, p. 113–123.

Limerick, P.N., and Travis, W., 2002, Boom and bust in the American west: Boulder, Colo., 

Center of the American West, 25 p.

Lockie, S., Franettovich, M., Petkova–Timmer, V., Rolfe, J., and Ivanova, G., 2009, Coal mining 

and the resource community cycle—A longitudinal assessment of the social impacts of 

the Coppabella coal mine: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 29, no. 5, p. 

330–339.

Loveday, D.L., Bhamra, T., Tang, T., Haines, V.J.A., Holmes, M.J., and Green, R.J., 2008, The 

energy and monetary implications of the ‘24/7,’ ‘always on’ society: Energy Policy, v. 

36, no. 8, p. 4639–4645.

Lyon, W.S., 1984, Social studies of science and U.S.—Part 2: Journal of Radioanalytical and 

Nuclear Chemistry, Switzerland, v. 85, no. 5, p. 261–265.

Macilwain, C., 1997, Public rejects sceptics' line on global warming: Nature, v. 389, p. 531.

Murdock, S.H., Leistritz, F.L., and Hamm, R.R., 1983, Socioeconomic impacts of large-scale 

developments—Implications for high-level nuclear waste repositories: The 

Environmental Professional, v. 5, p. 183–194.

Nair, K., Smith, W., Kulkarni, R.B., and Sicherman, A., 1976, Decision analysis—A 

methodology for solving complex problems in the utility industry—Benefit-cost analysis, 

siting, and long-range planning, in American power conference, Chicago, Ill., April 1976, 

Proceedings: San Francisco, Calif., Woodward-Clyde Consultants, v. 38, p. 590–606.

O'Brien, G., and Hope, A., 2010, Localism and energy—Negotiating approaches to embedding 

resilience in energy systems: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7550–7558.
230

O'Rourke, D., and Connolly, S., 2003, Just oil? The distribution of environmental and social 

impacts of oil production and consumption: Annual Review of Environment and 

Resources, v. 28, p. 587–617.

Odum, H.T., and Odum, E.C., 2001, A prosperous way down—Principles and policies: Boulder, 

Colo., University Press of Colorado, 348 p.

Oil and Gas Accountability Project, 2005, Oil and gas at your door? A landowner’s guide to oil 

and gas development: Durango, Colo., Oil and Gas Accountability Project, 235 p.

Pinch, T.J., and Bijker, W.E., 1984, The social construction of facts and artifacts—Or how the 

sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other: Social 

Studies of Science, v. 14, no. 3, p. 399–441.

Portman, R., 2007, Issuance of OMB’s final bulletin for agency good guidance practices: 

Washington, D.C., Executive Office of the President, 23 p.

Richards, B., 1981, Powder River Basin—New energy frontier: National Geographic Magazine, 

February, p. 96–112.

Sairinen, R., and Kumpulainen, S., 2006, Assessing social impacts in urban waterfront 

regeneration: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 26, no. 1, p. 120–135.

Salmi, O.H., and Hukkinen, J.I., 2007, Cultural contextualization of indicators of humanenvironment interaction—The case of the Kola mining network: Environmental Sciences, 

v. 4, no. 4, p. 209–228.

Shaw, S., and Mazzucchelli, P., 2010, Evaluating the perspectives for hydrogen energy uptake in 

communities—Success criteria and their application: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 

5359–5371.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Smil, V., 2000, Energy in the twentieth century—Resources, conversions, costs, uses, and 

consequences: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 25, p. 21–51.

Sorensen, J., Soderstrom, J., and Copenhaver, E., 1987, Impacts of hazardous technology—The 

psycho-social effects of restarting TMI-1: New York, N.Y., New York State University 

Press, 233 p.

Steg, L., 2008, Promoting household energy conservation: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4449–

4453.
231

Sustainable Development Commission, 2006, Wind Power in the U.K.—A guide to the key 

issues surrounding onshore wind power development in the U.K.: Sustainable 

Development Commission, 174 p.

Sweigard, R.J., and Ramani, R.V., 1986, Site planning process—Application to land use 

potential evaluation for mined land: Mining Engineering, v. 38, no. 6, p. 427–432.

Szabó, S., Jäger-Waldau, A., and Szabo, L., 2010, Risk adjusted financial costs of photovoltaics: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3807–3819.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

Thórhallsdóttir, T.E., 2007, Environment and energy in Iceland—A comparative analysis of 

values and impacts: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 27, no. 6, p. 522–544.

TRC Mariah Associates Inc., 2006, Socioeconomic analysis technical support document for the 

Jonah Infill Drilling Project environmental impact statement: Phoenix, Ariz., TRC 

Mariah Associates Inc., SWCA Environmental Consultants, 178 p.

Trainer, F.E., 1995, Can renewable energy sources sustain affluent society?: Energy Policy, v. 

23, no. 12, p. 1009–1026.

United Kingdom Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008, Renewable 

energy, awareness and attitudes research: London, Department for Business Enterprise 

and Regulatory Reform, 21 p.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006, Department of Energy—Key challenges remain 

for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies to meet future needs: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 73 p.

Vachon, S., and Menz, F.C., 2006, The role of social, political, and economic interests in 

promoting state green electricity policies: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 9, no. 7-8, 

p. 652–662.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2007, Siting difficulty and renewable energy development—A case of gridlock?: 

Resources, v. 164, p. 5-7.

Voinov, A., and Cardwell, H., 2009, The energy-water nexus—Why should we care?: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 143, no. 1, p. 17–29.

von Winterfeldt, D., and Fasolo, B., 2009, Structuring decision problems—A case study and

reflections for practitioners: European Journal of Operational Research, v. 199, no. 3, p. 

857–866.
232

Walker, D., and Sonora, R., 2004, The economic impact of the natural gas industry in La Plata 

County: Economic Impact Study, 19 p.

Walker, G., 2008, What are the barriers and incentives for community-owned means of energy 

production and use?: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4401–4405.

Wilson, C., and Dowlatabadi, H., 2007, Models of decision making and residential energy use: 

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 169–203.

Wind Powering America, 2009, Electricity from the wind—What landowners should know: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America Program, 4 p.

Yang, P.Y., Zhao, L.Y., and Liu, Z.L., 2010, Influences of new socialist countryside construction 

on the energy strategy of China and the countermeasures: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 698–

702.

Rural

Bardati, D.R., and Bourgeois, C., 2008, Barrier to collaborative nature conservation efforts in 

rural energy corridors—A case study in Southern Québec, in International symposium on 

environmental concerns in rights-of-way management, 8th, Saratoga Springs, N.Y., 

September 2004, Proceedings: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier Science, 13 p..

Borges Neto, M.R., Carvalho, P.C.M., Carioca, J.O.B., and Canafistula, F.J.F., 2010, 

Biogas/photovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4497–4506.

Brown, R.B., Dorius, S.F., and Krannich, R.S., 2005, The boom-bust recovery cycle-dynamics of 

change in community satisfaction and social integration in Delta, Utah: Rural Sociology, 

v. 70, no. 1, p. 28–49.

Chaurey, A., and Kandpal, T.C., 2010, A techno-economic comparison of rural electrification 

based on solar home systems and PV microgrids: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 3118–

3129.

Cooper, J.T., 1998, Biomass power for rural development—Quarterly report, April 3–July 1, 

1998: Centerville, Iowa, Chariton Valley Resource Conservation and Development, 50 p.

Dobbs, T.L., and Kine, P.E., 1974, Profile of a rural area work force—The Wyoming uranium 

industry: People, Crops, Soils, Livestock Research Journal, v. 79, p. 1–35.

Gustafson, C., and Shaik, S., 2009, Distressed rural housing—Is economic, farm, or biofuel 

policy more influential in leading a recovery: American Journal of Agricultural 

Economics, v. 91, no. 5, p. 1187–1193.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, Land use effects of paving rural roads in western Montana: 

Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters Economics, 38 p.
233

Howells, M.I., Jonsson, S., Kack, E., Lloyd, P., Bennett, K., Leiman, T., and Conradie, B., 2010, 

Calabashes for kilowatt-hours—Rural energy and market failure: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 6, p. 2729–2738.

Kassover, J., and McKeown, R.L., 1981, Resource development, rural communities and rapid 

growth—Managing social change in the modern boomtown: Minerals and the 

Environment, v. 3, p. 47–54.

Lorah, P., and Southwick, R., 2004, Environmental protection, population change, and economic 

development in the rural western United States: Population & Environment, v. 24, no. 3, 

p. 255–272.

Mariita, N.O., 2002, The impact of large-scale renewable energy development on the poor—

Environmental and socio-economic impact of a geothermal power plant on a poor rural 

community in Kenya: Energy Policy, v. 30, no. 11-12, p. 1119–1128.

Soboyejo, W., and Taylor, R., 2008, Off-grid solar for rural development: Harnessing Materials 

for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 368–371.

Stulp, J., 2003, Electricity from the wind—Economic development for rural communities: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America Program, 

Special to the Nebraska Energy Quarterly, 3 p.

Thomas, M.G., 1983, Human demographic impacts on fish and wildlife resources from energy 

development in rural western areas: Kansas City, Mo., Midwest Research Institute, 376 p.

Zerriffi, H., and Wilson, E., 2010, Leapfrogging overdevelopment? Promoting rural renewables 

for climate change mitigation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 2689–1700.

Economics

This section contains citations of reports which pertain to the economics of energy 

systems, from past and current economic models, influence on and of policy, and how renewable 

energies change the market. Costs and associated tax systems are listed under their own 

subheadings.

Abrahamsson, B.J., ed., 1976, The changing economics of world energy: Boulder, Colo., 

Westview Press, 165 p.

Advanced Resources International Inc., 2009, Potential economic and energy supply impacts of 

proposals to modify federal environmental laws applicable to the U.S. oil and gas 

exploration and production industry: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 59 

p.

Akella, A.K., Saini, R.P., and Sharma, M.P., 2008, Social, economical and environmental 

impacts of renewable energy systems: Renewable Energy, v. 34, no. 2009, p. 390–396.
234

Alberts, D.J., 2007, Stakeholders or subject matter experts, who should be consulted?: Energy 

Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 2336–2346.

Anderson, M., and Gardiner, D. 2007, The future of oil—Energy security, climate risks, and 

market opportunities: Civil Society Institute, The Coalition for Environmentally 

Responsible Economies, 29 p.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.

Araujo, V., Hamacher, S., and Scavarda, L.F., 2010, Economic assessment of biodiesel 

production from waste frying oils: Bioresource Technology, v. 101, no. 12, p. 4415–

4422.

Arunachalam, V.S., and Fleischer, E.L. 2008, The global energy landscape and materials 

innovation: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 264–288.

Askari, H., and Krichene, N., 2010, An oil demand and supply model incorporating monetary 

policy: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2013–2021.

Axelsson, E., Harvey, S., and Berntsson, T., 2009, A tool for creating energy market scenarios 

for evaluation of investments in energy intensive industry: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2069–

2074.

Bajay, S.V., 1982, Economic and social impacts from a power-system expansion program: 

Science and Public Policy, v. 9, no. 4, p. 179–186.

Barbir, F., 2009, Transition to renewable energy systems with hydrogen as an energy carrier: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 308–312.

Bartleet, M., and Grounder, R., 2010, Energy consumption and economic growth in New 

Zealand—Results of trivariate and multivariate models: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3508–3517.

BBC Research and Consulting, 2001, Measuring the impact of coalbed methane wells on 

property values: Denver, Colo., BBC Research and Consulting, 1 p.

Behling Jr., D.J., Dullien, R., and Hudson, E., 1976, Relationship of energy growth to economic 

growth under alternative energy policies—Analysis of ERDA RD and D plans: Upton, 

N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 247 p.

Bergmann, A., Hanley, M., and Wright, R., 2006, Valuing the attributes of renewable energy 

investments: Energy Policy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1004–1014.
235

Berkes, F., 1981, Some environmental and social impacts of the James Bay hydroelectric project, 

Canada: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 157–172.

Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 2008, Increasing feedstock production for 

biofuels—Economic drivers, environmental implications, and the role of research: 

Washington, D.C., Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 167 p.

Birge, J.R., and Rosa, C.H., 1996, Incorporating investment uncertainty into greenhouse policy 

models: Energy Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 79–90.

Biswas, A.K., and Biswas, M.R., 1976, State of the environment and its implications to resource 

policy development: BioScience, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19–25.

Black, J. 1982, Liquid fuels in Australia—A social-science research perspective: Sydney, 

Australia, Pergamon Press, 266 p.

Bleischwitz, R., and Bader, N., 2010, Policies for the transition towards a hydrogen economy—

The E.U. case: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5388–5398.

Blyth, W., Bunn, D., Kettunen, J., and Wilson, T., 2009, Policy interactions, risk and price 

formation in carbon markets: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5192–5207.

Boccard, N., 2010, Economic properties of wind power—A European assessment: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3232–3244.

Boersema, J., Blowers, A., and Martin, A., 2007, Biofuels and perverse subsidies—Fuelling the 

wrong solutions?: Environmental Sciences, v. 4, no. 4, p. 195–198.

Boulding, K.E., 1973, The economics of energy: The Annals of the American Academy of 

Political and Social Science, v. 410, no. 1, p. 120–126.

Boulding, K.E., 1974, The social system and the energy crisis: Science, v. 184, no. 4134, p. 255–

257.

Brathwaite, J., Horst, S., and Iacobucci, J., 2010, Maximizing efficiency in the transition to a 

coal-based economy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6084–6091.

Bresesti, P., Calisti, R., Cazzol, M.V., Gatti, A., Provenzano, D., Vaiani, A., and Vailati, R., 

2009, The benefits of transmission expansions in the competitive electricity markets: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 274–280.

Bryant, F.C., and Moskowitz, P.D., 1979, Energy conservation in two northeastern cities—

Opportunities, problems, and prospects: Upton N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 

45 p.
236

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., and Greenberg, M., 2008, Natural resource protection on buffer 

lands—Integrating resource evaluation and economics: Environmental Monitoring and 

Assessment v. 142, no. 1–3, p. 1–9.

Burnett, R.A., and Fraley, D.W., 1977, Description and comparison of energy impact assessment 

models: Richland, Wash., Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 97 p.

Byrne, J., Toly, N., and Glover, L., 2006, Energy as a social project—Recovering a discourse, in

Byrne, J., Toly, N.,and Glover, L., eds., Transforming power—Energy, environment, and 

society in conflict: Transaction Publishers, 32 p.

Candel–Sánchez, F., 2006, The externalities problem of transboundary and persistent pollution: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 52, no. 1, p. 517–526.

Cappers, P., and Goldman, C., 2009, Financial impact of energy efficiency under a federal 

combined efficiency and renewable electricity standard—Case study of a Kansas superutility: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3998–4010.

Casassus, J., Ceballos, D., and Higuera, F., 2010, Correlation structure between inflation and oil 

futures returns—An equilibrium approach: Resources Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 301–310.

Cerqueira Leite, R.C.d., Verde Leal, M.R.L., Barbosa Cortez, L.A., Griffin, W.M., and Gaya 

Scandiffio, M.I., 2009, Can Brazil replace 5% of the 2025 gasoline world demand with 

ethanol?: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 655–661.

Cesaro, J.D., Porter, K., and Milligan, M., 2009, Wind energy and power system operations—A 

review of wind integration studies to date: Electricity Journal, v. 22, no. 10, p. 34–43.

Chang, Y., Ries, R.J., and Wang, Y., 2010, The embodied energy and environmental emissions 

of construction projects in China—An economic input-output LCA model: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6597–6603.

Chang, T.H, Huang, C.M., and Lee, M.C., 2009, Threshold effect of the economic growth rate 

on the renewable energy development from a change in energy price—Evidence from

OECD countries: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5796–5802.

Chaurey, A., and Kandpal, T.C., 2010, A techno-economic comparison of rural electrification 

based on solar home systems and PV microgrids: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 3118–

3129.

Cheah, L., and Heywood, J., 2011, Meeting U.S. passenger vehicle fuel economy standards in 

2016 and beyond: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 454–466.

Chernyavs'ka, L., and Gullì, F., 2010, Measuring the environmental benefits of hydrogen 

transportation fuel cycles under uncertainty about external costs: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 10, p. 5335–5345.
237

Chicco, G., and Mancarella, P., 2009, Matrix modelling of small-scale trigeneration systems and 

application to operational optimization: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 261–273.

Chiou, J.-S., and Lee, Y.-H., 2009, Jump dynamics and volatility—Oil and the stock markets: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 6, p. 788–796.

Choi, J.K., Bakshi, B.R., and Haab, T., 2010, Effects of a carbon price in the U.S. on economic 

sectors, resource use, and emissions—An input-output approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 7, p. 3527–3536.

Christman, R.C., Haslbeck, J., Sedlik, B., Murray, W., and Wilson, W., 1980, Activities, effects 

and impacts of the coal fuel cycle for a 1,000-MWe electric power generating plant: 

McLean, Va., Teknekron, Inc., 613 p.

Churchman, C.W., Nelson, H.G., and Eacret, K., 1977, Value distribution assessment of 

geothermal development in Lake County, CA: Berkeley, Calif., California University, 

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 114 p.

Ciaccia, G., Doni, N., and Fontini, F., 2010, Auctioning wind power sites when environmental 

quality matters: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1734–1740.

Ciarreta, A., and Zarraga, A., 2010, Economic growth-electricity consumption causality in 12 

European countries—A dynamic panel data approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3790–3796.

Clark, E.M., and Van Horn, A.J., 1976, Risk-benefit analysis and public policy—A bibliography: 

Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 81 p.

Coelho, S.T., Bolognini, M.F., Silva, O.C., and Paletta, C.E.M., 1999, Biofuels in Brazil—The 

current situation: Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), The National 

Reference Center on Biomass, 3 p.

Cortazar, G., and Eterovic, F., 2010, Can oil prices help estimate commodity futures prices? The 

cases of copper and silver: Resources Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 283–291.

Cory, K., Couture, T., and Kreycik, C., 2009, Feed-in tariff policy—Design, implementation, and 

RPS policy interactions: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 23 p.

Couture, T., and Cory, K., 2009, State clean energy policies analysis (SCEPA) project—An 

analysis of renewable energy feed-in tariffs in the United States: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 51 p.

Cox, K.E., and Williamson Jr., K.D., 1979, Implications of hydrogen energy: Cleveland, Ohio, 

CRC Press, 129 p.
238

Coyle, W., 2010, Next-generation biofuels—Near-term challenges and implications for 

agriculture: Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Agriculture, BIO–01–01, 26 p.

Dai, C., Tao, J., Zhao, M., and Jiang, B., 2007, Energetic efficiency and environmental, 

economic, societal benefits of microdiesel from biowastes: Energy Exploration & 

Exploitation, v. 25, no. 3, p. 219–226.

Dargay, J.M., Gately, D., and Huntington, H.G., 2007, Price and income responsiveness of world 

oil demand by product—Energy modeling forum: Stanford, Calif., Stanford University, 

33 p.

Davies, R., 1984, The Sizewell B nuclear inquiry—An analysis of public participation in 

decision-making about nuclear power: Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 9, no. 

3, p. 21–32.

Davitian, H., Bright, R., and Marcuse, W., 1978, Utility load management and solar energy—

Study background and outline: Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 17 p.

de Carvalho, J.F., Mercedes, S.S.P., and Sauer, I.L., 2010, Precautionary principle, economic and 

energy systems and social equity: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5399–5402.

Del Chiaro, B., Payne, S., and Dutzik, T., 2008, On the rise—Solar thermal power and the fight 

against global warming: Environment America, Research and Policy Center, 43 p.

Deng, S.-J., and Xu, L., 2009, Mean-risk efficient portfolio analysis of demand response and 

supply resources: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1523–1529.

Dimitrov, K., 2007, GreenFuel technologies—A case study for industrial photosynthetic energy 

capture: Brisbane, Australia, GreenFuel Technologies Corporation, 30 p.

Domenichini, R., Gallio, M., and Lazzaretto, A., 2010, Combined production of hydrogen and 

power from heavy oil gasification—Pinch analysis, thermodynamic and economic 

evaluations: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2184–2193.

Dusonchet, L., and Telaretti, E., 2010, Economic analysis of different supporting policies for the 

production of electrical energy by solar photovoltaics in Western European Union 

countries: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3297–3308.

Dutta, M., and Mukherjee, S., 2010, An outlook into energy consumption in large scale 

industries in India—The cases of steel, aluminium, and cement: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

11, p. 7286–7298.

Eto, J., Koomey, J., Lehman, B., Martin, N., Mills, E., Webber, C., and Worrell, E., 2001, 

Scoping study on trends in the economic value of electricity reliability to the U.S. 

economy: Berkeley, Calif., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 148 p.
239

Faruqui, A., Hajos, A., Hledik, R.M., and Newell, S.A., 2010, Fostering economic demand 

response in the Midwest ISO: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1544–1552.

Felix, E., and Tilley, D.R., 2009, Integrated energy, environmental and financial analysis of

ethanol production from cellulosic switchgrass: Energy, v. 34, no. 4, p. 410–436.

Freudenburg, W.R., 1984, Boomtown’s youth—The differential impacts of rapid community 

growth on adolescents and adults: American Sociological Review, v. 49, p. 697–705.

Garrone, P., and Grilli, L., 2010, Is there a relationship between public expenditures in energy 

R&D and carbon emissions per GDP? An empirical investigation: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 10, p. 5600–5613.

Gautam, S., Pulkki, R., Shahi, C., and Leitch, M., 2010, Economic and energy efficiency of 

salvaging biomass from wildfire burnt areas for bioenergy production in northwestern 

Ontario—A case study: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1562–1572.

Gentemann, K.M., 1981, Social and political perspectives on energy policy: New York, N.Y., 

Praeger Publishing, 190 p.

Giannantoni, C., 2009, Ordinal benefits vs. economic benefits as a reference guide for policy 

decision making—The case of hydrogen technologies: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2230–

2239.

Gnansounou, E., and Dong, J., 2010, Vulnerability of the economy to the potential disturbances 

of energy supply—A logic-based model with application to the case of China: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2846–2857.

Gold, R.L., 1985, Ranching, mining, and the human impact of natural resource development: 

New Brunswick, N.J., Transaction Books, Inc., 175 p.

Goldemberg, J., Johansson, T.B., Reddy, A.K.N., and Williams, R.H., 1985, An end-use oriented 

global energy strategy: Annual Review of Energy, v. 10, p. 613–688.

Gómez, A., Zubizarreta, J., Dopazo, C., and Fueyo, N., 2011, Spanish energy roadmap to 2020—

Socioeconomic implications of renewable targets: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1973–1985. 

Goodman, G.T., 1983, Societal problems in meeting current and future energy needs: Ambio, v. 

12, no. 2, p. 97–101.

Greening, L. A., 2010, Demand response resources—Who is responsible for implementation in a 

deregulated market?: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1518–1525.

Gül, T., 2009, An energy-economic scenario analysis of alternative fuels for personal transport 

using the Global Multi-regional MARKAL model (GMM): Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 

1423–1437.
240

Gustafson, C., and Shaik, S., 2009, Distressed rural housing—Is economic, farm, or biofuel 

policy more influential in leading a recovery: American Journal of Agricultural 

Economics, v. 91, no. 5, p. 1187–1193.

Gutiérrez–Alcaraz, G., and Sheblé, G.B., 2009, Modeling energy market dynamics using discrete 

event system simulation: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1467–1476.

Haeseldonckx, D., and D'Haeseleer, W., 2010, Using renewables and the co-production of 

hydrogen and electricity from CCS-equipped IGCC facilities as a stepping stone towards 

the early development of a hydrogen economy: International Journal of Hydrogen 

Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 861–871.

Hall, C.A.S., Jones, P.W., Donovan,T.M., and Gibbs, J.P., 2000, The implications of mainstream 

economics for wildlife conservation: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, p. 16–25.

Hall, P.J., 2008, Energy storage—The route to liberation from the fossil fuel economy?: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4363–4367.

Hammoudeh, S., Yuan, Y., Chiang, T., and Nandha, M., 2010, Symmetric and asymmetric U.S. 

sector return volatilities in presence of oil, financial and economic risks: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 8, p. 3922–3932.

Hart, D.M., 2010, Making, breaking, and (partially) remaking markets—State regulation and 

photovoltaic electricity in New Jersey: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6662–6673.

Hassan, G., 2005, Community benefits from wind power—A study of U.K. practice and

comparison with leading European countries: Centre for Sustainable Energy, 103 p.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, Energy development and the changing economy of the west: 

Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters Economics, 26 p.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, Fossil fuel extraction as a county economic development 

strategy—Are energy-focusing counties benefiting?: Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters 

Economics, 32 p.

Hobbs, B. F., Bushnell, J., and Wolak, F.A. 2010, Upstream vs. downstream CO2 trading—A 

comparison for the electricity context: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3632–3643.

Hoerner, J.A., and Barrett, J., 2004, Smarter, cleaner, stronger—Secure jobs, a clean 

environment and less foreign oil: Oakland, Calif., Redefining Progress, 6 p.

Howarth, R.B., and Monahan, P.A., 1992, Economics, ethics, and climate policy: Berkeley, 

Calif., Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 72 p.
241

Howells, M., Jeong, K., Langlois, L., Lee, M.K., Nam, K.Y., and Rogner, H.H., 2010, 

Incorporating macroeconomic feedback into an energy systems model using an IO 

approach—Evaluating the rebound effect in the Korean electricity system: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 6, p. 2700–2728.

Howells, M.I., Jonsson, S., Kack, E., Lloyd, P., Bennett, K., Leiman, T., and Conradie, B., 2010, 

Calabashes for kilowatt-hours—Rural energy and market failure: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 6, p. 2729–2738.

Huntington, H.G., 2008, The oil security problem—International handbook on the economics of 

energy: Stanford, Calif., Stanford University, 38 p.

Jacobsen, J.J., 1975, Dynamic analysis of the environmental and social impacts of coal 

development in the Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming, 1960 to 2010: Richland, 

Wash., Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 23 p.

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Kaiser, M.J., 2010, Economic limit of field production in Louisiana: Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 

3399–3416.

Kassover, J., and McKeown, R.L., 1981, Resource development, rural communities and rapid 

growth—Managing social change in the modern boomtown: Minerals and the 

Environment, v. 3, p. 47–54.

Kaufmann, R.K., 2011, The role of market fundamentals and speculation in recent price changes 

for crude oil: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 105–115.

Kelleher, J., and Ringwood, J.V., 2009, A computational tool for evaluating the economics of 

solar and wind microgeneration of electricity: Energy, v. 34, no. 4, p. 401–409.

Kenny, R., Law, C., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Towards real energy economics—Energy policy 

driven by life-cycle carbon emission: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1969–1978.

Kerschner, C., and Hubacek, K., 2009, Assessing the suitability of input-output analysis for 

enhancing our understanding of potential economic effects of peak oil: Energy, v. 34, no. 

3, p. 284–290.

Kessides, I., 2010, Nuclear power—Understanding the economic risks and uncertainties: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3849–3864.

Klimantos, P., Koukouzas, N., Katsiadakis, A., and Kakaras, E., 2009, Air-blown biomass 

gasification combined cycles (BGCC) system analysis and economic assessment: Energy, 

v. 34, no. 5, p. 708–714.
242

Kolstad, C.D., 2000, Energy and depletable resources—Economics and policy, 1973–1998: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 39, no. 3, p. 282–305.

Kotchen, M., Moore, M., Lupi, F., and Rutherford, E., 2006, Environmental constraints on 

hydropower—An ex post benefit-cost analysis of dam relicensing in Michigan: Land 

Economics, v. 82, no. 3, p. 384-403.

Kotowicz, J., and Bartela, L., 2010, The influence of economic parameters on the optimal values 

of the design variables of a combined cycle plant: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 911–919.

Kräupl, S., and Wieckert, C., 2007, Economic evaluation of the solar carbothermic reduction of 

ZnO by using a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis: Energy, v. 32, 

no. 7, p. 1134–1147.

Ku, S.J., and Yoo, S.H., 2010, Willingness to pay for renewable energy investment in Korea—A 

choice experiment study: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 14, no. 8, p. 

2196–2201.

Labandeira, X., Labeaga, J.M., and Rodriguez, M., 2009, An integrated economic and 

distributional analysis of energy policies: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5776–5786.

Lave, L.B., 2008, The economics of energy options: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 

4, p. 291–296.

Lee, D.Z., Miranowski, J.A., Shortle, J.S., and Monson, M.J., 1985, Effects of rising relative 

energy prices on soil erosion and its control: American Journal of Agricultural 

Economics, v. 67, p. 558–562.

Leistritz, F.L., and Murdock, S.H., 1981, Socio-economic impact of resource development—

Methods for assessment: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 303 p.

Limerick, P.N., and Travis, W., 2002, Boom and bust in the American west: Boulder, Colo., 

Center of the American West, 25 p.

Lin, H., Jin, H., Gao, L., and Han, W., 2010, Economic analysis of coal-based polygeneration 

system for methanol and power production: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 858–863.

Lorah, P., and Southwick, R., 2004, Environmental protection, population change, and economic 

development in the rural western United States: Population & Environment, v. 24, no. 3, 

p. 255–272.

Loveday, D.L., Bhamra, T., Tang, T., Haines, V.J.A., Holmes, M.J., and Green, R.J., 2008, The 

energy and monetary implications of the ‘24/7,’ ‘always on’ society: Energy Policy, v. 

36, no. 8, p. 4639–4645.
243

Lyon, W.S., 1984, Social studies of science and U.S.—Part 2: Journal of Radioanalytical and 

Nuclear Chemistry, Switzerland, v. 85, no. 5, p. 261–265.

Madlener, R., and Alcott, B., 2009, Energy rebound and economic growth—A review of the 

main issues and research needs: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 370–376.

Malik, A., and Al-Badi, A.H., 2009, Economics of wind turbines as an energy fuel saver—A 

case study for remote application in Oman: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1573–1578.

Mani, S., Sokhansanj, S., Tagore, S., and Turhollow, A.F., 2009, Techno-economic analysis of 

using corn stover to supply heat and power to a corn ethanol plant—Part 2—Cost of heat 

and power generation systems: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 356–364.

Mariita, N.O., 2002, The impact of large-scale renewable energy development on the poor—

Environmental and socio-economic impact of a geothermal power plant on a poor rural 

community in Kenya: Energy Policy, v. 30, no. 11-12, p. 1119–1128.

Martinsen, D., Funk, C., and Linssen, J., 2010, Biomass for transportation fuels—A costeffective option for the German energy supply?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 1, p. 128–140.

Mehrara, M., 2007, Energy consumption and economic growth—The case of oil exporting 

countries: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2939–2945.

Menyah, K., and Wolde-Rufael, Y., 2010, CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and 

economic growth in the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2911–2915.

Milbrandt, A., and Overend, R.P., 2008, Future of liquid biofuels for APEC Economies: Golden, 

Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 103 p.

Mitchell, C., and Woodman, B., 2010, Towards trust in regulation—Moving to a public value

regulation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2644–2651.

Moe, E., 2010, Energy industry and politics—Energy, vested interests, and long-term economic 

growth and development: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1730–1740.

Moran, D., and Sherrington, C., 2007, An economic assessment of windfarm power generation in 

Scotland including externalities: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2811–2825.

Muller, H., and Trultt, S., 2011, Solar powering your community—A guide for local 

governments, 2nd edition: Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S. Department of Energy, Solar America 

Cities, 172 p.

Mundaca, L., Neij, L., Worrell, E., and McNeil, M., 2010, Evaluating energy efficiency policies 

with energy-economy models: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 35, p. 

305–344.
244

Murdock, S.H., Leistritz, F.L., and Hamm, R.R., 1983, Socioeconomic impacts of large-scale 

developments—Implications for high-level nuclear waste repositories: The 

Environmental Professional, v. 5, p. 183–194.

Murphy, F.H., and Rosenthal, E.C., 2006, Allocating the added value of energy policies: Energy 

Journal, v. 27, no. 2, p. 143–156.

Naccache, T., 2010, Slow oil shocks and the “weakening of the oil price-macroeconomy 

relationship”: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2340–2345.

Nair, K., Smith, W., Kulkarni, R.B., and Sicherman, A., 1976, Decision analysis—A 

methodology for solving complex problems in the utility industry—Benefit-cost analysis, 

siting, and long-range planning, in American power conference, Chicago, Ill., April 1976, 

Proceedings: San Francisco, Calif., Woodward-Clyde Consultants, v. 38, p. 590–606.

Nakajima, T., and Hamori, S., 2010, Change in consumer sensitivity to electricity prices in 

response to retail deregulation—A panel empirical analysis of the residential demand for 

electricity in the United States: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2470–2476.

Narayan, P.K., Narayan, S., and Popp, S., 2010, Investigating price clustering in the oil futures 

market: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 397–402.

National Research Council, 2009, Driving and the built environment—The effects of compact 

development on motorized travel—Energy, use, and CO2 emissions: Washington, D.C., 

Transportation Research Board, 257 p.

National Science Board, 2009, Building a sustainable energy future—U.S. actions for an 

effective energy economy transformation: Washington, D.C., National Science 

Foundation and National Science Board, 64 p.

Newbery, D., 2010, Market design for a large share of wind power: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, 

p. 3131–3134.

Nissing, C., and von Blottnitz, H., 2010, An economic model for energisation and its integration 

into the urban energy planning process: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2370–2378.

Nye, J.S., 1980, Energy nightmares: Foreign Policy, v. 40, p. 132–154.

Odum, H.T., and Odum, E.C., 2001, A prosperous way down—Principles and policies: Boulder, 

Colo., University Press of Colorado, 348 p.

Oladosu, G., 2009, Identifying the oil price-macroeconomy relationship—An empirical mode 

decomposition analysis of U.S. data: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5417–5426.
245

Opaluch, J.J., Swallow, S.K., Thomas, W., Christopher, W., and Dennis, W., 1993, Evaluating 

impacts from noxious facilities—Including public preferences in current siting 

mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 41–

59.

Paine, L.K., Peterson, T.L., Undersander, D.J., Rineer, K.C., Bartelt, G.A., Temple, S.A., 

Sample., D.W., and Klemme, R.M., 1996, Some ecological and socio-economic 

considerations for biomass energy crop production: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 10, no. 4, 

p. 231–242.

Parry, I.W.H., and Anderson, J.W., 2005, Petroleum—Energy independence is unrealistic: 

Resources, v. 156, p. 11-15.

Peng, T., Lu, H.F., Wu, W.L., Campbell, D.E., Zhao, G.S., Zou, J.H., and Chen, J., 2008, Should 

a small combined heat and power plant (CHP) open to its regional power and heat 

networks? Integrated economic energy and energy evaluation of optimization plans for 

Jiufa CHP: Energy, v. 33, no. 3, p. 437–445.

Power, T.M., 2003, The impact of potential oil and gas development on Otero County finances: 

New Mexico Wilderness Alliance, 13 p.

Ravetz, J., 2008, State of the stock—What do we know about existing buildings and their future 

prospects?: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4462–4470.

Reynolds, D.B., and Pippenger, M.K., 2010, OPEC and Venezuelan oil production—Evidence 

against a cartel hypothesis: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6045–6055.

Richards, B., 1981, Powder River Basin—New energy frontier: National Geographic Magazine, 

February, p. 96–112.

Rungsuriyawiboon, S., 2009, Estimating cost structures in the U.S. nuclear power industry: 

Energy Exploration & Exploitation, v. 26, no. 1, p. 1–21.

Ruth, M., Blohm, A., Mauer, J., Gabriel, S.A., Kesana, V.G., Chen, Y., Hobbs, B.F., and Irani, 

D., 2010, Strategies for carbon dioxide emissions reductions—Residential natural gas 

efficiency, economic, and ancillary health impacts in Maryland: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

11, p. 6926–6935.

Saidur, R., Ahamed, J.U., and Masjuki, H.H., 2010, Energy, exergy and economic analysis of 

industrial boilers: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2188–2197.

Sayyaadi, H., and Sabzaligol, T., 2010, Comprehensive exergetic and economic comparison of

PWR and hybrid fossil fuel-PWR power plants: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2953–2964.

Sedjo, R.A., 2007, From oilfields to energy farms—A brief look at the environmental 

consequences of biofuels: Resources, v. 166, p. 16-19.
246

Senior, K., 2009, Renewable energy—Generation creates jobs: Frontiers in Ecology, v. 11, p. 

459.

Shuey, C., Robinson, P., and Taylor, L., 1985, The “costs” of uranium—Who’s paying with 

lives, lands, and dollars: The Workbook, v. 10, no. 3, p. 102–117.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Singh, B., and Singh, S.N., 2009, Wind power interconnection into the power system—A review 

of grid code requirements: Electricity Journal, v. 22, no. 5, p. 54–63.

Sjardin, M., Damen, K.J., and Faaij, A.P.C., 2006, Techno-economic prospects of small-scale 

membrane reactors in a future hydrogen-fuelled transportation sector: Energy, v. 31, no.

14, p. 2523–2555.

Skoglund, A., Leijon, M., Rehn, A., Lindahl, M., and Waters, R., 2010, On the physics of 

power—Energy and economics of renewable electric energy sources—Part II: Renewable 

Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 1735–1740.

Smil, V., 2000, Energy in the twentieth century—Resources, conversions, costs, uses, and 

consequences: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 25, p. 21–51.

Smith, M.D., Sanchirico, J.N., and Wilen, J.E., 2009, The economics of spatial-dynamic 

processes—Applications to renewable resources: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 57, no. 1, p. 104–121.

Sorensen, J., Soderstrom, J., and Copenhaver, E., 1987, Impacts of hazardous technology—The 

psycho-social effects of restarting TMI-1: New York, N.Y., New York State University 

Press, 233 p.

Soroudi, A., and Ehsan, M., 2010, A distribution network expansion planning model considering 

distributed generation options and techo-economical issues: Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 

3364–3374.

Sovacool, B.K., 2010, Critically weighing the costs and benefits of a nuclear renaissance: Journal 

of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, p. 105–123.

Soytas, U., Sari, R., Hammoudeh, S., and Hacihasanoglu, E., 2009, World oil prices, precious 

metal prices and macroeconomy in Turkey: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5557–5566.

Stahl, R.G., Gouguet, R., DeSantis, A., Liu, J, and Ammann, M., 2008, Prospective 

environmental restoration/ restoration up front—A concept for an incentive-based 

program to increase restoration planning and implementation in the United States: 

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 4, no. 1, p. 6–14.
247

Stephenson, K., and Shabman, L., 2001, The role of nonmarket valuation in hydropower 

relicensing—An application of a pattern modeling approach: Journal of Economic 

Issues, v. 35, no. 2, 497 p. 

Stulp, J., 2003, Electricity from the wind—Economic development for rural communities: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, Wind Powering America Program, 

Special to the Nebraska Energy Quarterly, 3 p.

Sweigard, R.J., and Ramani, R.V., 1986, Site planning process—Application to land use 

potential evaluation for mined land: Mining Engineering, v. 38, no. 6, p. 427–432.

Tegen, S., Milligan, M., and Goldberg, M, 2007, Economic development impacts of wind 

power—A comparative analysis of impacts within the Western Governors’ Association 

states: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Preprint, 19 p.

The African Union, 2006, Fueling Africa's sustainable development—The oil and gas 

perspectives: Cairo, Egypt, The African Development Bank and The African Union, 29 p.

Tilford, N.R., 1994, Site selection—Past and present—Social planning criteria for nuclear power 

plant siting: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 31, no. 2, p. 157–

169.

Trinnaman, J., and Clarke, A., 2009, Survey of energy resources—Interim update 2009: London, 

World Energy Council, 98 p.

Tyner, W.E., Taheripour, F., and Perkis, D., 2010, Comparison of fixed versus variable biofuels 

incentives: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5530–5540.

U.S. Department of Energy, 1980, Safety and environmental considerations for licensing, 

volume 6 of Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power—Report of the 

nonproliferation alternative systems assessment program: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 152 p.

Vachon, S., and Menz, F.C., 2006, The role of social, political, and economic interests in 

promoting state green electricity policies: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 9, no. 6, p. 

652–662.

Vahidinasab, V., and Jadid, S., 2010, Joint economic and emission dispatch in energy markets—

A multiobjective mathematical programming approach: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1497–

1504.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2007, Siting difficulty and renewable energy development—A case of gridlock?: 

Resources, v. 164, p. 5-7.

van Kooten, G.C., and Wong, L., 2009, Economics of wind power when national grids are 

unreliable: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1991–1998.
248

Vasquez Cordano, A.L., and Balistreri, E.J., 2010, The marginal cost of public funds of mineral 

and energy taxes in Peru: Resources Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 257–264.

Veld, K.V., and Phillips, O.R., 2010, The economics of enhanced oil recovery—Estimating 

incremental oil supply and CO2 demand in the Powder River Basin: Energy Journal, v. 

31, no. 4, p. 31-56.

Vincent, J.R., Panayotou, T., and Hartwick, J.M., 1997, Resource depletion and sustainability in 

small open economies: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 33, no. 

3, p. 274–286.

Voinov, A., and Cardwell, H., 2009, The energy-water nexus—Why should we care?: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 143, no. 1, p. 17–29.

Walker, D., and Sonora, R., 2004, The economic impact of the natural gas industry in La Plata 

County: Economic Impact Study, 19 p.

Walker, G., 2008, What are the barriers and incentives for community-owned means of energy 

production and use?: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4401–4405.

Warr, B.S., and Ayres, R.U., 2010, Evidence of causality between the quantity and quality of 

energy consumption and economic growth: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1688–1693.

Wilson, C., and Dowlatabadi, H., 2007, Models of decision making and residential energy use: 

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 169–203.

Wind Powering America, 2009, Electricity from the wind—The new cash crop: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, Wind Powering America Program, 2 p.

Wirth, C.J., 2008, Peak oil—Alternatives, renewables, and impacts: Peak Oil Associates, 48 p.

Wolfe, A.K., 1993, Risk communication in social context—Improving effective communication: 

Environmental Professional, v. 15, no. 3, p. 248–255.

World Energy Council, 2008, Assessment of energy policy and practices: London, World Energy 

Council, 24 p.

Worrell, E., Price, L., Martin, N., Farla, J., and Schaeffer, R., 1997, Energy intensity in the iron 

and steel industry—A comparison of physical and economic indicators: Energy Policy, v. 

25, no. 7-9, p. 727–744.

Yuan, C., Liu, S., and Xie, N., 2010, The impact on Chinese economic growth and energy 

consumption of the global financial crisis—An input-output analysis: Energy, v. 35, no. 

4, p. 1805–1812.
249

Zucchetto, J., 2006, Trends in oil supply and demand, potential for peaking of conventional oil 

production, and possible mitigation options—A summary report of the workshop: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 50p.

Cost

Agha, M.H., Thery, R., Hetreux, G., Hait, A., and Le Lann, J.M., 2010, Integrated production 

and utility system approach for optimizing industrial unit operations: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, 

p. 611–627.

Ajanovic, A., and Haas, R., 2010, Economic challenges for the future relevance of biofuels in 

transport in E.U. countries: Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 3340–3348.

Akimoto, K., Sano, F., Homma, T., Oda, J., Nagashima, M., and Kii, M., 2010, Estimates of 

GHG emission reduction potential by country, sector, and cost: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

7, p. 3384–3393.

Aloui, C., and Mabrouk, S., 2010, Value-at-risk estimations of energy commodities via longmemory, asymmetry and fat-tailed GARCH models: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2326–

2339.

Anderson, J.W., 2005, Coal—Dirty cheap energy: Resources, v. 156, p. 31–34. 

Aravindhakshan, S.C., Epplin, F.M., and Taliaferro, C.M., 2010, Economics of switchgrass and 

miscanthus relative to coal as feedstock for generating electricity: Biomass and 

BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 9, p. 1375–1383.

Barbose, G., Peterman, C., and Wiser, R., 2009, New Berkeley lab report tracks a decade of PV 

installed cost trends: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 8 p.

Barnthouse, L.W., Cada, G.F., Cheng, M.-D., Easterly, C.E., Kroodsma, R.L., Lee, R., Shriner, 

D.S., Tolbert, V.R., and Turner, R.S.,1998, Estimating externalities of biomass fuel 

cycles, Report 7: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 429 p.

Bellaby, P., 2010, Theme 3—Trust between producers, distributors and regulator: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 6, p. 2642–2643.

Benson, S.M., and Orr, J., 2008, Sustainability and energy conversions: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 297–307.

Caliskan, H., and Hepbasli, A., 2010, Energy and exergy prices of various energy sources along 

with their CO2 equivalents: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3468–3481.

Connolly, D., Lund, H., Mathiesen, B.V., and Leahy, M., 2010, Modelling the existing Irish 

energy-system to identify future energy costs and the maximum wind penetration 

feasible: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2164–2173.
250

Cummings, R.G., Grigalunas, T.A., and McFarland, J.W., 1975, Energy commodities and natural 

resource exploitation: Southern Economic Journal, v. 41, no. 3, p. 382–394.

Daniels, J.I., Anspaugh, L.R., and Ricker, Y.E., 1981, Technology assessment—Environmental, 

health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from U.S. tar-sand deposits: 

Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 146 p.

Del Chiaro, B., 2006, Rave reviews for solar homes—A survey of homeowners in California: 

Los Angeles, Calif., Environment California, 24 p.

Denholm, P., Ela, E., Kirby, B., and Miligan, M., 2010, Role of energy storage with renewable 

electricity generation: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 61 p.

Dornburg, C.C., Stevens, S.M., Davidson, G.S., and Forsythe, J.C., 2007, Massively parallel 

collaboration—A literature review: Albuquerque, N.M., Sandia National Laboratories, 

28 p.

Durham, C.A., Colby, B.G., and Longstreth, M., 1988, The impact of state tax credits and energy 

prices on adoption of solar energy systems: Land Economics, v. 64, no. 4, p. 347–355.

European Environemtal Bureau, 2002, Biofuels are not green enough!: Brussels, Belgium,

European Environmental Bureau (EEB) Position Paper, 6 p.

Environmental Protection Agency, 2010, Executive summary of clean energy—Environment 

state partnership: Washington, D.C., EPA Clean Energy—Environment State Partnership 

Program, 32 p.

Farrell, A.E., and Gopal, A.R., 2008, Bioenergy research needs for heat, electricity, and liquid 

fuels: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 373–380.

Farsi, M., 2010, Risk aversion and willingness to pay for energy efficient systems in rental 

apartments: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 3078–3088.

Ginley, D., Green, M.A., and Collins, R., 2008, Solar energy conversion toward 1 terawatt: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 355–364.

Goldemberg, J., Johansson, T.B., Reddy, A.K., and Williams, R.H., 2001, Energy for the new 

millennium: Ambio, v. 30, no. 6, p. 330–337.

Graves, F., and Litvinova, J., 2009, Hedging effects of wind on retail electric supply costs: 

Electricity Journal, v. 22, v. 10, p. 44–55.

Hall, C.A.S., Jones, P.W., Donovan,T.M., and Gibbs, J.P., 2000, The implications of mainstream 

economics for wildlife conservation: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, p. 16–25.
251

Hayman, B., Wedel–Heinen, J., and Brondsted, P., 2008, Materials challenges in present and 

future wind energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 343–353.

Headwaters Economics, 2009, Impacts of energy development in Wyoming with a case study of 

Sweetwater County, Bozeman, MT: Bozeman, Mont., Headwaters Economics, 62 p.

Herter, K., and Wayland, S., 2010, Residential response to critical-peak pricing of electricity—

California evidence: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1561–1567.

Judkoff, R., 2008, Increasing building energy efficiency through advances in materials: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 449–454.

Just, J., and Lave, L., 1979, Review of scenarios of future U.S. energy use: Annual Review of 

Energy, v. 4, p. 501–536. 

Kabeel, A.E., Hamed, A.M., and El-Agouz, S.A., 2010, Cost analysis of different solar still 

configurations: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2901–2908.

Kim, D.J., 2010, A new thermoeconomic methodology for energy systems: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, 

p. 410–422.

Kocoloski, M., Michael Griffin, W., and Scott Matthews, H., 2011, Impacts of facility size and 

location decisions on ethanol production cost: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 47–56.

Kunce, M., S. Gerking, and Morgan, W., 2001, Effects of environmental and land use regulation 

in the oil and gas industry using the Wyoming checkboard as an experimental design: 

American Economic Review, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1588–1593.

Ku, S.J., and Yoo, S.H., 2010, Willingness to pay for renewable energy investment in Korea—A 

choice experiment study: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 14, no. 8, p. 

2196–2201.

Leckner, M., and Zmeureanu, R., 2011, Life cycle cost and energy analysis of a net-zero energy 

house with solar combisystem: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 232–241.

Lee, D.Z., Miranowski, J.A., Shortle, J.S., and Monson, M.J., 1985, Effects of rising relative 

energy prices on soil erosion and its control: American Journal of Agricultural 

Economics, v. 67, p. 558–562.

Limerick, P., and Hanson, J.L., 2008, High energy prices and low-income Americans—Reducing 

the risk of unintended injury: Boulder, Colo., Center of the American West, 16 p.

Lozano, M.A., Ramos, J.C., and Serra, L.M., 2010, Cost optimization of the design of CHCP 

(combined heat, cooling, and power) systems under legal constraints: Energy, v. 35, no. 

2, p. 794–805.
252

MacCormack, J., Hollis, A., Zareipour, H., and Rosehart, W., 2010, The large-scale integration 

of wind generation—Impacts on price, reliability and dispatchable conventional 

suppliers: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3837–3846.

Martinsen, D., Funk, C., and Linssen, J., 2010, Biomass for transportation fuels—A costeffective option for the German energy supply?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 1, p. 128–140.

Matlock, M., 2009, Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma energy options analysis—A preliminary review 

of renewable energy development and utility cost savings options: Pawnee, Okla., 

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma, Summit Blue Consulting, LLC, 122 p.

Meeus, L., Vandezande, L., Cole, S., and Belmans, R., 2009, Market coupling and the 

importance of price coordination between power exchanges: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 228–

234.

Misiolek, W.S., and Noser, T.C., 1982, Coal surface mine land reclamation costs: Land 

Economics, v. 58, no. 1, p. 67–85.

Narayan, P.K., Narayan, S., and Popp, S., 2010, Investigating price clustering in the oil futures 

market: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 397–402.

National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research 

Council, 2009, Liquid transportation fuels from coal and biomass—Technological status, 

costs, and environmental impacts: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 388 p.

Newell, R.G., 2005, The hydrogen economy—Laying out the groundwork: Resources, v. 156, p.

20-23.

Newsham, G.R., and Bowker, B.G., 2010, The effect of utility time-varying pricing and load 

control strategies on residential summer peak electricity use—A review: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 7, p. 3289–3296.

Pilli-Sihvola, K., Aatola, P., Ollikainen, M., and Tuomenvirta, H., 2010, Climate change and 

electricity consumption—Witnessing increasing or decreasing use and costs?: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2409–2419.

Ramana, M.V., 2009, Nuclear power—Economic, safety, health, and environmental issues of 

near-term technologies: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 34, p. 127–52.

Raugei, M., and Frankl, P., 2009, Life cycle impacts and costs of photovoltaic systems—Current 

state of the art and future outlooks: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 392–399.

Rijk, P.D., ed., 2008, Mined U—Financing of new uranium mines: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 

WISE Amsterdam, 54 p.
253

Rose, A., Nakayama, B., and Stevens, B., 1982, Modern energy region development and income 

distribution—An input-output analysis: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 149–164.

Sioshansi, R., Fagiani, R., and Marano, V., 2010, Cost and emissions impacts of plug-in hybrid 

vehicles on the Ohio power system: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6703–6712.

Skoglund, A., Leijon, M., Rehn, A., Lindahl, M., and Waters, R., 2010, On the physics of 

power—Energy and economics of renewable electric energy sources—Part II: Renewable 

Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 1735–1740.

Szabó, S., Jäger-Waldau, A., and Szabo, L., 2010, Risk adjusted financial costs of photovoltaics: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3807–3819.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

The National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency, 2008, National action plan for energy efficiency 

vision for 2025—A framework for change: National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency 

Leadership Group, 112 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2002, Review of transportation issues and comparison of 

infrastructure costs for a renewable fuels standard: Washington, D.C., Office of 

Integrated Analysis and Forecasting of the Energy Information Administration, 15 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2004, Guide to purchasing green power—Renewable electricity, 

renewable energy, certificates and on-site renewable generation: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, SEPA Green Power Partnership, World Resources Institute, 

Center for Resources Solutions, 50 p.

U.S. Department of the Interior, 2004, American energy for America's future—The role of the 

U.S. Department of the Interior: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, 8 p.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006, Department of Energy—Key challenges remain 

for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies to meet future needs: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 73 p.

Uri, N.D., Atwood, J.D., and Sanabria, J., 1999, The environmental benefits and costs of 

conservation tillage: Environmental Geology, v. 38, no. 2, p. 111–125.

Vijay, S., DeCarolis, J.F., and Srivastava, R.K., 2010, A bottom-up method to develop pollution 

abatement cost curves for coal-fired utility boilers: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2255–

2261.
254

Weisbrot, M., and Szembrot, N., 2008, Oil drilling in environmentally sensitive areas—The role 

of the media: Washington, D.C., Center for Economic and Policy Research, 4 p.

Wiser, R.H., 2007, Using contingent valuation to explore willingness to pay for renewable 

energy—A comparison of collective and voluntary payment vehicles: Ecological 

Economics, v. 62, no. 3-4, p. 419–432.

Tax

Abdo, H., 2010, The taxation of U.K. oil and gas production—Why the windfalls got away: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5625–5635.

Bamberger, R., 2003, Energy policy—The continuing debate: Washington, D.C., Congressional 

Research Service, 16 p.

Banfi, S., and Filippini, M., 2010, Resource rent taxation and benchmarking—A new perspective 

for the Swiss hydropower sector: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2302–2308.

Barradale, M.J., 2010, Impact of public policy uncertainty on renewable energy investment—

Wind power and the production tax credit: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7698–7709.

Durham, C.A., Colby, B.G., and Longstreth, M., 1988, The impact of state tax credits and energy 

prices on adoption of solar energy systems: Land Economics, v. 64, no. 4, p. 347–355.

Lin, C.Y.C., and Prince, L., 2009, The optimal gas tax for California: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 

12, p. 5173–5183.

Livernois, J., 1992, A note on the effect of tax brackets on non-renewable resource extraction: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 22, no. 3, p. 272–280.

Melese, F., and Michel, P., 1991, Uncertainty in tax reform—The case of an extractive firm: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 140–153.

Plourde, A., 2010, On properties of royalty and tax regimes in Alberta's oil sands: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 8, p. 4652–4662.

Sancho, F., 2010, Double dividend effectiveness of energy tax policies and the elasticity of 

substitution—A CGE appraisal: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2927–2933.

Schutzer, G.J., 2010, Recent tax law changes create new opportunities for leasing wind energy 

property: Electricity Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 47–56.

Skodvin, T., 2010, "Pivotal politics" in U.S. energy and climate legislation: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 8, p. 4214–4223.
255

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

TRC Mariah Associates Inc., 2006, Socioeconomic analysis technical support document for the 

Jonah Infill Drilling Project environmental impact statement: Phoenix, Ariz., TRC 

Mariah Associates Inc., SWCA Environmental Consultants, 178 p.

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.

Vasquez Cordano, A.L., and Balistreri, E.J., 2010, The marginal cost of public funds of mineral 

and energy taxes in Peru: Resources Policy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 257–264.

Health and Safety Concerns

Nuclear power plant operation and byproducts, the noise and flicker effect produced by 

wind turbines, pollution produced by both renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and the 

costs associated with treating the resulting health issues that can arise are among the many topics 

covered in this section. 

Alexakhin, R.M., 1993, Countermeasures in agricultural production as an effective means of 

mitigating the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident: The Science of The 

Total Environment, v. 137, no. 1-3, p. 9–20.

Alves-Pereira, M., and Branco, N.A.A.C., 2007, Public health and noise exposure—The 

importance of low frequency noise: Istanbul, Turkey, Inter-Noise, 10 p.

American Wind Energy Association, 2009, Wind turbines and health: Washington, D.C., 

American Wind Energy Association, 2 p. 

Amundson, M.A., 1995, Home on the range no more—The boom and bust of a Wyoming 

uranium mining town, 1957–1988: Western Historical Quarterly, v. 26, no. 4, p. 483–

505.

Andres, L., Roland, M., and Tarazona, E., 2005, Extractive industries and sustainable 

development—An evaluation of World Bank Group experience: Washington, D.C., 

World Bank, 254 p.

Bacigalupi, L.M., and Freudenburg, W.R., 1983, Increased mental health caseloads in an energy 

boomtown: Administration in Mental Health, v. 10, no. 4, p. 306–322.

Bougsty, T., Marshall, P., and Chavez, E., 1983, Prevalence and prevention of mental health 

problems in an energy-affected community: Administration in Mental Health, v. 10, no. 

4, p. 272–287.
256

Braunstein, H.M., Kornegay, F.C., Roop, R.D., and Sharples, F.E., 1980, Environmental and 

health aspects of biomass energy systems, in Klass, D.L., and Emert, G.H., eds., Fuels 

from biomass and wastes: Ann Arbor, Mich., Ann Arbor Science Publishers, p. 463–504.

Butterfield, S., Sheng, S., and Oyague, F., 2009, Wind energy's new role in supplying the world's 

energy—What role will structural health monitoring play?: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 11 p.

Burgherr, P., and Hirschberg, S., 2008, Severe accident risks in fossil energy chains—A 

comparative analysis: Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 538–553.

Cançado, J.E.D., Saldiva, P.H.N., Pereira, L.A.A., Lara, L.B.L.S., Artaxo, P., Martinelli, L.A., 

Arbex, M.A., Zanobetti, A, and Braga, A.L.F., 2006, The impact of sugar cane—

Burning emissions on the respiratory system of children and the elderly: Environmental 

Health Perspectives, v. 114, p. 725–729.

Carnes, S.A., and Reed, R.M., 1995, Lessons learned and new challenges for integrated 

assessment under the National Environmental Policy Act: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 18 p.

Christman, R.C., Haslbeck, J., Sedlik, B., Murray, W., and Wilson, W., 1980, Activities, effects 

and impacts of the coal fuel cycle for a 1,000-MWe electric power generating plant: 

McLean, Va., Teknekron, Inc., 613 p.

Clark, E.M., and Van Horn, A.J., 1976, Risk-benefit analysis and public policy—A bibliography: 

Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 81 p.

Cohen, T.M., and Bleakly, D.R., 1997, Addressing environmental justice under the National 

Environment Policy Act at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico: Albuquerque, N. 

M., Sandia National Laboratories, 91 p.

Committee to Study Health and Environmental Effects of Increased Coal Production, 1979, 

Basis for a national reclamation plan: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 33, p. 159–

176.

Crow, J.F., 1981, Comparison of energy risks: Proceedings of the American Philosophical 

Society, v. 125, no. 4, 8 p.

Crowley, K.D., 2010, Science and technology for DOE site cleanup—Workshop summary: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 73 p.

Daniels, J.I., Anspaugh, L.R., and Ricker, Y.E., 1981, Technology assessment—Environmental, 

health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from U.S. tar-sand deposits: 

Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 146 p.
257

Denton, H.R., 1987, The causes and consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident and 

implications for the regulation of U.S. nuclear power plants: Annals of Nuclear Energy, 

v. 14, no. 6, p. 295–315.

Dermol, U., and Kontic, B., 2011, Use of strategic environmental assessment in the site selection 

process for a radioactive waste disposal facility in Slovenia: Journal of Environmental 

Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 43–52.

Dutzik, T., and Sargent, R., 2006, Challenging nuclear power in the states—Policy and 

organizing tools for slowing the Nuclear Renaissance: Calif., Environment California 

Research and Policy Center, 43 p.

Fedler, F.A., 2009, A critical assessment of energy accident studies: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, 

p. 5744–5751. 

Franklin, T.M., and Burke, C.A., 2002, Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Wildlife 

Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 599–600.

Fox, G.A., 2001, Wildlife as sentinels of human health effects in the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence 

Basin: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 109, no. 6, p. 853–861.

Frigerio, N.A., Habegger, L.J., King, R.F., Hoover, L.J., Clark, N.A., and Cobian, J.M., 1975, 

SITE—A methodology for assessment of energy facility siting patterns: Argonne, Ill., 

Argonne National Laboratory, 116 p.

Gallagher, P., Lazarus, W., Shapouri, H., Conway, R., and Duffield, J., 2009, Cancer-risk 

benefits of clean fuel technology and policy—A statistical analysis: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5113–5124.

Goodstein, E., 1992, Saturday effects in tanker oil spills: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 276–288.

Gilles, C., Bravo, L., and Watahomigie, D., 1991, Uranium mining at the Grand Canyon—What 

costs to water, air, and indigenous people?: The Workbook, v. 16, no. 1, p. 2–17.

Habash, R.W.Y., 2010, Environmental and human impact of electromagnetic energy—Views 

toward technology and risk: Energy & Environment, v. 21, p. 107–113.

Hainoun, A., Almoustafa, A., and Aldin, M.S., 2010, Estimating the health damage costs of 

syrian electricity generation system using impact pathway approach: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, 

p. 628–638.

Hedvall, R., and Erlandsson, B., 1992, Radioactivity in peat fuel and ash from a peat-fired power 

plant: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 16, no. 3, p. 205–228.
258

Herbrandson, C., and Messing, R.B., 2009, Public health impacts of wind turbines: Minnesota 

Department of Health, Environmental Health Division, 32 p.

Higgins, P.A.T., 2005, Exercise-based transportation reduces oil dependence, carbon emissions 

and obesity: Environmental Conservation, v. 32, no. 3, p. 197–202.

Hirshberg, S., Burgherr, P., Spiekerman, G., and Dones, R., 2004, Severe accidents in the energy 

sector—Comparative perspective: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 111, no. 1-3, p. 57–

65.

Hore-Lacy, I., 2007, Environment, health and safety issues—World nuclear energy in the 21st 

century: Academic Press, p. 111–125.

Kalin, M., 1988, Radionuclide concentrations and other characteristics of tailings, surface 

waters, and vegetation, chap. 3 of Long-term ecological behavior of abandoned uranium 

mill tailings: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, 97 p.

Kamperman, G.W., and James, R.R., 2008, The “how to” guide to siting wind turbines to prevent 

health risks from sound—Wind Turbine Syndrome: Citizens for Responsible Green 

Energy, 47 p.

Kavet, R.I., and Banks, R.S., 1986, Emerging issues in extremely-low-frequency electric and 

magnetic field health research: Environmental Research, v. 39, no. 2, p. 386–404.

Kessler, A., and Rubin, H., 1987, Relationships between water infiltration and oil spill migration 

in sandy soils: Journal of Hydrology, v. 91, no. 3–4, p. 187–204.

Kim, C., Chan, H.M., and Receveur, O., 1998, Risk assessment of cadmium exposure in Fort 

Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada: Food Additives and Contaminants, v. 15, no. 

3, p. 307–317.

Kiser, T., Hansen, J., and Kennedy, B., 2010, Impacts and pathways of mine contaminants to 

bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in an Idaho watershed: Archives of Environmental 

Contamination and Toxicology, v. 59, no. 2, p. 301–311.

Krieder, M.L., Unice, K.M., Panko, J., Burns, A., Paustenback, D.J., Booher, L.E., Gelatt, R.H., 

and Gaffney, S., 2010, Benzene exposure in refinery workers—ExxonMobil Joliet, 

Illinois, USA (1977–2006): Toxicology and Industrial Health, v. 26, no. 10, p. 671–690.

Kumar, B.S.A., Klos, W.A., and Taylor, E.R., 1994, Influence of low-frequency electromagnetic 

fields on living organisms: Electric Power Systems Research, v. 30, no. 3, p. 229–234.

Kusiima, J.M., and Powers, S.E., 2010, Monetary value of the environmental and health 

externalities associated with production of ethanol from biomass feedstocks: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2785–2796.
259

Lerer, L.B., and Scudder, T., 1999, Health impacts of large dams: Environmental Impact 

Assessment Review, v. 19, no. 2, p. 113–123.

Leventhall, G., 2003, A review of published research on low frequency noise and its effects: 

London, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 88 p.

Liddell, C., and Morris, C., 2010, Fuel poverty and human health—A review of recent evidence: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2987–2997.

Limerick, P., and Hanson, J.L., 2008, High energy prices and low-income Americans—Reducing 

the risk of unintended injury: Boulder, Colo., Center of the American West, 16 p.

Lochbaum, D., 2000, Nuclear plant risk studies—Failing the grade: Cambridge, Mass., Union of 

Concerned Scientists, 31 p.

Lochbaum, D., 2004, U.S. nuclear plants in the 21st century—The risk of a lifetime: Cambridge, 

Mass., Union of Concerned Scientists, 34 p.

Moorhouse, A., Hayes, M., von Hünerbein, S., Piper, B.J., and Adams, M.D., 2007, Research 

into aerodynamic modulation of wind turbine noise— Final report: Manchester, United 

Kingdom, University of Salford, Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory 

Reform, 57 p.

Morris, R.E., Pollac, A.K., Mansell, G.E., Lindhjem, C., Jia, Y., and Wilson, G., 2003, Impact of 

biodiesel fuels on air quality and human health: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 27 p.

National Research Council, 2008, Integrating multiscale observations of U.S. waters: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 210 p.

National Research Council, 2010, Hidden costs of energy—Unpriced consequences of energy 

production and use: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 373 p.

National Wind Coordinating Committee, 2002, Permitting of wind energy facilities—A 

handbook: Washington, D.C., National Wind Coordinating Committee c/o RESOLVE, 

58 p.

O'Rourke, D., and Connolly, S., 2003, Just oil? The distribution of environmental and social 

impacts of oil production and consumption: Annual Review of Environment and 

Resources, v. 28, p. 587–617.

Pierpont, N.O., 2009, Wind turbine syndrome—A report on a natural experiment: Santa Fe, N., 

Mex., K–Selected Books, 294 p.

Rahu, M., 2003, Health effects of the Chernobyl accident—Fears, rumours and the truth: 

European Journal of Cancer, v. 39, no. 3, p. 295–299.
260

Raj, B., Vijayalakshmi, M., Vasudeva Rao, P.R., and Rao, K.B.S., 2008, Challenges in materials 

research for sustainable nuclear energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p.

327–337.

Rom, W.N., and Lee, J., 1963, Energy alternatives—What are their possible health effects?: 

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 132A–144A.

Ruth, M., Blohm, A., Mauer, J., Gabriel, S.A., Kesana, V.G., Chen, Y., Hobbs, B.F., and Irani, 

D., 2010, Strategies for carbon dioxide emissions reductions—Residential natural gas 

efficiency, economic, and ancillary health impacts in Maryland: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

11, p. 6926–6935.

Seto, Y.J., Majeau-Chargois, D.M., Lymangrover, J.R., Dunlap, W.P., Fox, F.T., and Hsieh, 

S.T., 1986, Chronic 60-Hz electric field exposure-induced subtle bioeffects on 

hematology: Environmental Research, v. 39, no. 1, p. 143–152.

Shuey, C., Robinson, P., and Taylor, L., 1985, The “costs” of uranium—Who’s paying with 

lives, lands, and dollars: The Workbook, v. 10, no. 3, p. 102–117.

Skrtic, L., 2006, Hydrogen sulfide, oil and gas, and people’s health: Berkeley, Calif., Energy and 

Resources Group, University of California, 77 p.

The Committee on Health and Environmental Effects of Increased Coal Utilization, 1980, Report 

on health and environmental effects of increased coal utilization: Environmental Health 

Perspectives, v. 36, p. 135–153. 

Thomas, K., Dunster, H.J., and Green, C., 1981, Comparative risk perception—How the public 

perceives the risks and benefits of energy systems [and discussion]: Proceedings of the 

Royal Society of London, Series A, v. 376, no. 1764, p. 35–50.

Thompson, R.C., Moore, C.J., vom Saal, F.S., and Swan, S.H., 2009, Plastics, the environment 

and human health—Current consensus and future trends: Philosophical Transactions of 

the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, v. 364, no. 1526, p. 2153–2166.

Tsiperson, V.P., and Soloviev, M.Y., 1997, The impact of chronic radioactive stress on the 

immuno-physiological condition of small mammals: Science of The Total Environment, 

v. 203, no. 2, p. 105–113.

Turnpenny, J., Lorenzoni, I., and Jones, M., 2009, Noisy and definitely not normal—Responding 

to wicked issues in the environment—Energy and health: Environmental Science and

Policy, v. 12, no. 3, p. 347–358.

U.S. Department of Energy, 1980, Safety and environmental considerations for licensing, 

volume 6 of Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power—Report of the 

nonproliferation alternative systems assessment program: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 152 p.
261

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Potential health and environmental hazards of 

uranium mine wastes, Volume 2: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency Office of Radiation Programs, 505 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, Technologically enhanced naturally occurring 

radioactive materials from uranium mining, Volume 2—Investigation of potential health, 

geographic, and environmental issues of abandoned uranium mines: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 312 p.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006, Department of Energy—Key challenges remain 

for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies to meet future needs: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 73 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2001, Nuclear material safety and safeguards: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Public Affairs, 11 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2002, Environmental monitoring: Washington, D.C., U.S.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2 p.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2002, Oversight of nuclear power plants: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 3 p.

van Dam, J., Baker, D., and Jager, D., 2010, Wind turbine safety and function test report for the 

ARE 442 wind turbine: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 35 p.

Voinov, A., and Cardwell, H., 2009, The energy-water nexus—Why should we care?: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 143, no. 1, p. 17–29.

Wang, Y., 2010, The analysis of the impacts of energy consumption on environment and public 

health in China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4473–4479. 

Wolfe, A.K., 1993, Risk communication in social context—Improving effective communication: 

Environmental Professional, v. 15, no. 3, p. 248–255.

Woo, T.-H., and Lee, U.-C., 2010, Safety assessment for the passive system of the nuclear power 

plants (NPPs) using safety margin estimation: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1799–1804.

Native Americans

This section covers a few of the ways that energy systems can interact with Native 

American communities and their unique needs and socio-political systems. The lack of 

information available indicates that this is an area which could be studied more.

Amundson, M.A., 2002, Yellowcake towns—Uranium mining communities in the American 

west: Boulder, Colo., University Press of Colorado, 208 p.
262

Burger, J., Roush, D.E., Ramos, R., and Gochfeld, M., 2000, Risk concerns, land use, 

stewardship, and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory—

Attitudes of the Shoshone-Bannock and other American Indians: Environmental 

Research, v. 83, no. 3, p. 298–310.

Cleland, J.H., 2008, Large-scale cultural landscapes in rights-of-way management, in 

International symposium on environmental concerns in rights-of-way management, 8th, 

Saratoga Springs, N.Y., September 2004, Proceedings: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier 

Science, 9 p.

Gilles, C., Bravo, L., and Watahomigie, D., 1991, Uranium mining at the Grand Canyon—What 

costs to water, air, and indigenous people?: The Workbook, v. 16, no. 1, p. 2–17.

Gross, W.T., 1981, Tribal resources: Federal trust responsibility—United States energy 

development versus trust responsibilities to Indian tribes: American Indian Law Review, 

v. 9, no. 2, p. 309–343. 

Manion, J., 2007, Wind power resource assessment: Warm Springs, Oreg., Warm Springs 

Reservation Tribal Lands, 170 p.

Matlock, M., 2009, Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma energy options analysis—A preliminary review 

of renewable energy development and utility cost savings options: Pawnee Nation of 

Oklahoma, Summit Blue Consulting, LLC, 122 p.

Red Mountain Energy Partners, 2009, Winnebago tribe of Nebraska—Wind generation on 

Winnebago tribal lands: Phoenix, Ariz., Red Mountain Energy Partners, 126 p.

Young, L., 1981, What price progress? Uranium production on Indian lands in the San Juan 

Basin: American Indian Law Review, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1–50.

Politics, Policy, and Regulation

Energy development, use, and the associated effects can have local, regional, national, 

and international interest. The sources discussing the political nature of energy development

often pertain to the energy market, energy security, and climate change. Through policies and 

regulations past, current, or proposed, governments attempt to guide energy development and 

use. Many of the sources below discuss these topics.

Abdo, H., 2010, The taxation of U.K. oil and gas production—Why the windfalls got away: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5625–5635.

Advanced Resources International Inc., 2009, Potential economic and energy supply impacts of 

proposals to modify federal environmental laws applicable to the U.S. oil and gas 

exploration and production industry: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 59 

p.
263

Anandarajah, G., and Strachan, N., 2010, Interactions and implications of renewable and climate 

change policy on U.K. energy scenarios: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6724–6735.

Anderson, M., and Gardiner, D. 2007, The future of oil—Energy security, climate risks, and 

market opportunities: Civil Society Institute, The Coalition for Environmentally 

Responsible Economies, 29 p.

Anderson, D., 1997, Renewable energy technology and policy for development: Annual Review 

of Energy and the Environment, v. 22, p. 187–215.

Argyropoulos, P., Aspy, D., Dennis, A., Blanchard, K., Brandes, W., Crossman, K., Davis, S., 

Eddinger, J., Goldstein, R., Grano, D., Maxwell, B., Perla, D., Ruiz, F., Voell, C., 

Wayland, R., Wood, G., Brennan, A., Haase, S., Putsche, V., Sheehan, J., Shepherd, P., 

Short, W., Wallace, B., Patton–Mallory, M., Swain, L., Byrnett, D.S., Mulholland, D, 

Zinsmeister, E., Doris, E., Milbrandt, A., Robichaud, R., Stanley, R., and Vimmerstedt, 

L., 2009, State bioenergy primer—Information and resources for states on issues, 

opportunities, and options for advancing bioenergy: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 104 p.

Askari, H., and Krichene, N., 2010, An oil demand and supply model incorporating monetary 

policy: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2013–2021.

Babiuch, W.M., and Farhar, B.C., 1994, Stakeholder analysis methodologies resource book: 

Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 103 p.

Bahn, O., Edwards, N.R., Knutti, R., and Stocker, T.F., 2011, Energy policies avoiding a tipping 

point in the climate system: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 334–348.

Bajay, S.V., 1982, Economic and social impacts from a power-system expansion program: 

Science and Public Policy, v. 9, no. 4, p. 179–186.

Baiocchi-Mooney, L., 2010, Regulating green house gas emissions via the Clean Air Act—

Disastrous, our only viable option, or both?: Environmental & Energy Law & Policy 

Journal, v. 4, no. 2, p. 305–312.

Balaban, O., and Tsatskin, A., 2009, The paradox of oil reserve forecasts—The political 

implications of predicting oil reserves and oil consumption: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 3, 

p. 1340–1344.

Bamberger, R., 2003, Energy policy—The continuing debate: Washington, D.C., Congressional 

Research Service, 16 p.

Bang, G., 2009, Energy security and climate change concerns—Triggers for energy policy 

change in the United States?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1645–1653.
264

Barbose, G., Peterman, C., and Wiser, R., 2009, New Berkeley lab report tracks a decade of PV 

installed cost trends: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 8 p.

Bardin, D.J., 1979, Towards a rational energy policy: The Annals of the American Political and 

Social Science, v. 444, p. 23-31.

Barradale, M.J., 2010, Impact of public policy uncertainty on renewable energy investment—

Wind power and the production tax credit: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7698–7709.

Behling Jr., D.J., Dullien, R., and Hudson, E., 1976, Relationship of energy growth to economic 

growth under alternative energy policies—Analysis of ERDA RD and D plans: Upton, 

N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 247 p.

Berg, E., Kverndokk, S., and Rosendahl, K.E., 2002, Oil exploration under climate treaties: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 44, no. 3, p. 493–516.

Bergek, A., 2010, Leveling the playing field? The influence of national wind power planning 

instruments on conflicts of interests in a Swedish county: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 

2357–2369.

Berkes, F., 1981, Some environmental and social impacts of the James Bay hydroelectric project, 

Canada: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 157–172.

Birge, J.R., and Rosa, C.H., 1996, Incorporating investment uncertainty into greenhouse policy 

models: Energy Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 79–90.

Biswas, A., 1984, Energy and agriculture—Their interacting futures—Policy implications of 

global models: Energy Policy, v. 12, no. 4, p. 469–470.

Biswas, A.K., and Biswas, M.R., 1976, State of the environment and its implications to resource 

policy development: BioScience, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19–25.

Black, G., and LaFrance, J.T., 1998, Is Hotelling's rule relevant to domestic oil production?: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 36, no. 2, p. 149–169.

Black, J. 1982, Liquid fuels in Australia—A social-science research perspective: Sydney, 

Australia, Pergamon Press, 266 p.

Blair, J.M., 1976, The control of oil: New York, N.Y., Pantheon Books, 441 p.

Bleischwitz, R., and Bader, N., 2010, Policies for the transition towards a hydrogen economy—

The E.U. case: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5388–5398.

Blesl, M., Kober, T., Bruchof, D., and Kuder, R., 2010, Effects of climate and energy policy 

related measures and targets on the future structure of the European energy system in 

2020 and beyond: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6278–6292.
265

Blonz, J.A., Vajjhala, S.P., and Safirova, E., 2008, Growing complexities—A cross-sector 

review of U.S. biofuels policies and their interactions: Washington, D.C., Resources for 

the Future, 50 p.

Blyth, W., Bunn, D., Kettunen, J., and Wilson, T., 2009, Policy interactions, risk and price 

formation in carbon markets: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5192–5207.

Bobrow, D.B., and Kudrie, R.T., 1976, Theory, policy, and resource cartels—The case of OPEC: 

Journal of Conflict Resolution, v. 20, p. 3-56.

Branker, K., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Financial return for government support of large-scale thinfilm solar photovoltaic manufacturing in Canada: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4291–

4303.

Brennan, T.J., 2009, Optimal energy efficiency policies and regulatory demand-side 

management tests—How well do they match?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3874–3885.

Breukers, S., and Wolsink, M., 2007, Wind power implementation in changing institutional 

landscapes—An international comparison: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2737–2750.

Brooks, H., and Hollander, J.M., 1979, United States energy alternatives to 2010 and beyond—

The Conaes study: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 1–7.

Brooks, H., 1981, Perspectives on the energy problem: Proceedings of the American 

Philosophical Society, v. 125, 7 p.

Browne, D., O'Regan, B., and Moles, R., 2009, Use of ecological footprinting to explore 

alternative domestic energy and electricity policy scenarios in an Irish city-region: 

Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 6, p. 2205–2213.

Browne, D., O'Regan, B., and Moles, R., 2010, Use of multi-criteria decision analysis to explore 

alternative domestic energy and electricity policy scenarios in an Irish city-region: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 518–528.

Bryant, F.C., and Moskowitz, P.D., 1979, Energy conservation in two northeastern cities—

Opportunities, problems, and prospects: Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 

45 p.

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Kosson, D.S., Powers, C.W., Friedlander, B., Eichelberger, J., Barnes, 

D., Duffy, L.K., Jewett, S.C., and Volz, C.D., 2005, Science, policy, and stakeholders—

Developing a consensus science plan for Amchitka Island, Aleutians, Alaska: 

Environmental Management, v. 35, no. 5, p. 557–568.
266

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Powers, C.W., Kosson, D.S., Halverson, J., Siekaniec, G., Morkill, A., 

Patrick, R., Duffy, L.K., and Barnes, D., 2007, Scientific research, stakeholders, and 

policy—Continuing dialogue during research on radionuclides on Amchitka Island, 

Alaska: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 85, no. 1, p. 232–244.

Caldwell, L.K., 1973, Energy and environment—The bases for public policies: Annals of the 

American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 410, p. 127–138.

Caliskan, H., and Hepbasli, A., 2010, Energy and exergy prices of various energy sources along 

with their CO2 equivalents: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3468–3481.

Cappers, P., and Goldman, C., 2009, Financial impact of energy efficiency under a federal 

combined efficiency and renewable electricity standard—Case study of a Kansas superutility: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3998–4010.

Cappers, P., Goldman, C., and Kathan, D., 2010, Demand response in U.S. electricity markets—

Empirical evidence: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1526–1535.

Capros, P., and Samouilidis, E., 1988, Energy policy analysis: Energy Policy, v. 16, no. 1, p. 36–

48.

Carnes, S.A., and Reed, R.M., 1995, Lessons learned and new challenges for integrated 

assessment under the National Environmental Policy Act: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 18 p.

Carazas, F.G., and Souza, G.F.M., 2010, Risk-based decision making method for maintenance 

policy selection of thermal power plant equipment: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 964–975.

Cesaro, J.D., Porter, K., and Milligan, M., 2009, Wind energy and power system operations—A 

review of wind integration studies to date: Electricity Journal, v. 22, no. 10, p. 34–43.

Chaineau, C.H., Miné, J., and Suripno, 2009, The integration of biodiversity conservation with 

oil and gas exploration in sensitive tropical environments: Biodiversity and 

Conservsation, v. 19, no. 2, p. 587–600.

Chang, H.-H., Mishra, A.K., and Livingston, M., 2011, Agricultural policy and its impact on fuel 

usage—Empirical evidence from farm household analysis: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, 

p. 348–353.

Choi, H., and Oh, I., 2010, Analysis of product efficiency of hybrid vehicles and promotion 

policies: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2262–2271.

Clark, E.M., and Van Horn, A.J., 1976, Risk-benefit analysis and public policy—A bibliography: 

Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 81 p.
267

Cleveland, C.J., and Kaufmann, R.K., 2003, Oil supply and oil politics—Deja vu all over again: 

Energy Policy, v. 31, no. 6, p. 485–489.

Cohen, T.M., and Bleakly, D.R., 1997, Addressing environmental justice under the National 

Environment Policy Act at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico: Albuquerque, N. 

M., Sandia National Laboratories, 91 p.

Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform Energy Policy, 

2007, Coal—Research and development to support national energy policy: Washington, 

D.C., Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform 

Energy Policy, National Academies Press, 183 p.

Coperude, S.P., 2002, Effect of the Endangered Species Act on geophysical exploration in the 

United States: The Leading Edge, v. 21, p. 70–71. 

Cory, K., Couture, T., and Kreycik, C., 2009, Feed-in tariff policy—Design, implementation, and 

RPS policy interactions: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 23 p.

Couture, T., and Cory, K., 2009, State clean energy policies analysis (SCEPA) project—An 

analysis of renewable energy feed-in tariffs in the United States: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 51 p.

Cox, K.E., and Williamson Jr., K.D., 1979, Implications of hydrogen energy: Cleveland, Ohio, 

CRC Press, 129 p.

Czech, B., and Borkhataria, R., 2001, The relationship of political party affiliation to wildlife 

conservation attitudes: Politics and the Life Sciences, v. 20, p. 3–12.

D' Avignon, A., Carloni, F.A., Rovere, E.L.L., and Bubeux, C.B.S., 2009, Emission inventory—

An urban public policy instrument and benchmark: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4838–

4847.

Daneke, G.A., 1982, Towards a craft of energy policy—Constrains upon and opportunities for 

strategic planning in the U.S. Department of Energy: Journal of Public Policy, v. 2, no. 3, 

p. 217–236.

Davis, C.E., and Duffy, R.J., 2009, King coal vs. reclamation—Federal regulation of 

mountaintop removal mining in Appalachia: Administration & Society, v. 41, no. 6, p. 

674–692. 

Deason, K.S., and Jefferson, T., 2010, A systems approach to improving fleet policy compliance 

within the U.S. federal government: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2865–2874.

Delshad, A.B., Raymond, L., Sawicki, V., and Wegener, D.T., 2010, Public attitudes toward 

political and technological options for biofuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3414–

3425.
268

Denton, H.R., 1987, The causes and consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident and 

implications for the regulation of U.S. nuclear power plants: Annals of Nuclear Energy, 

v. 14, no. 6, p. 295–315.

Dermol, U., and Kontic, B., 2011, Use of strategic environmental assessment in the site selection 

process for a radioactive waste disposal facility in Slovenia: Journal of Environmental 

Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 43–52.

Dernbach, J., 2007, Stabilizing and then reducing U.S. energy consumption—Legal and policy 

tools for efficiency and conservation: Washington, D.C., Widener Law School Legal 

Studies Research Paper Series, Widener Law School, v. 37, 30 p.

Deshaye, J., and Bloomquist, R.G., 1992, Cogeneration—A regulatory guide to leasing, 

permitting, and licensing in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington: Washington State 

Energy Office, Oregon Department of Energy, Idaho Department of Water Resources for 

the Bonneville Power Administration, 239 p.

DiPeso, J., 2009, Natural gas—An energy and environmental game changer?: Environmental 

Quality Management, v. 19, no. 2, p. 85–91.

Ditomaso, J.M., Reaser, J.K., Dionigi, C.P., Doering, O.C., Chilton, E., Schardt, J.D., and 

Barney, J.N., 2010, Biofuel vs. bioinvasion—Seeding policy priorities: Environmental 

Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 18, p. 6906–6910.

Dobbs, T.L., and Kine, P.E., 1974, Profile of a rural area work force—The Wyoming uranium 

industry: People, Crops, Soils, Livestock Research Journal, v. 79, p. 1–35.

Doris, E., Busche, S., Hockett, S., and McLaren, J., 2009, The role of state policy in renewable 

energy development: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 14 p.

Doris, E., Kreycik, C., and Young, K., 2009, Policy overview and options for maximizing the 

role of policy in geothermal electricity development: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 42 p.

Doris, E., McLaren, J., Healey, V., and Hockett, S., 2009, State of the states 2009—Renewable 

energy development and the role of policy: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy 

Laboratory, 231 p.

Dowall, D.E., 1980, U.S. land use and energy policy—Assessing potential conflicts: Energy 

Policy, v. 8, no. 1, p. 50–60.

Durham, C.A., Colby, B.G., and Longstreth, M., 1988, The impact of state tax credits and energy 

prices on adoption of solar energy systems: Land Economics, v. 64, no. 4, p. 347–355.
269

Dusonchet, L., and Telaretti, E., 2010, Economic analysis of different supporting policies for the 

production of electrical energy by solar photovoltaics in Western European Union 

countries: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3297–3308.

Dutzik, T., and Sargent, R., 2006, Challenging nuclear power in the states—Policy and 

organizing tools for slowing the Nuclear Renaissance: Calif., Environment California 

Research and Policy Center, 43 p.

Engström, R., Nilsson, M., and Finnveden, G., 2008, Which environmental problems get policy 

attention? Examining energy and agricultural sector policies in Sweden: Environmental 

Impact Assessment Review, v. 28, no. 4-5, p. 241–255.

Environmental Protection Agency, 2010, Executive summary of clean energy—Environment 

state partnership: Washington, D.C., EPA Clean Energy—Environment State Partnership 

Program, 32 p.

Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, 2009, Renewable energy siting study: 

Washington, D.C., Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, 106 p.

Farhar, B.C., 1994, Trends in U.S. public perceptions and preferences on energy and 

environmental policy: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 19, p. 211–239.

Fawcett, T., 2010, Personal carbon trading—A policy ahead of its time?: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 11, p. 6868–6876.

Ferguson, E.T., 1994, Sustainability and energy policy: Renewable Energy, v. 5, no. 2, p. 1–14.

Fischer, C., and Newell, R., 2004, Environmental and technology policies for climate change and 

renewable energy: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 47 p.

Fischlein, M., Larson, J., Hall, D.M., Chaudhry, R., Rai Peterson, T., Stephens, J.C., and Wilson, 

E.J., 2010, Policy stakeholders and deployment of wind power in the sub-national 

context—A comparison of four U.S. states: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4429–4439.

Florini, A., and Sovacool, B.K., 2009, Who governs energy? The challenges facing global 

energy governance: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5239–5248.

Frank, H.J., and Schanz Jr., J.J., 1973, The future of American oil and natural gas: The Annals of 

the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 410, p. 24–34.

Fredriksson, P.G., Vollebergh, H.R.J., and Dijkgraaf, E., 2004, Corruption and energy efficiency 

in OECD countries—Theory and evidence: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 47, no. 2, p. 207–231.
270

Fuller, M.C., Kunkel, C., and Kammen, D., 2009, Guide to energy efficiency and renewable 

energy, financing districts for local governments: Berkeley, Calif., University of 

California, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, 47 p.

Gallagher, P., Lazarus, W., Shapouri, H., Conway, R., and Duffield, J., 2009, Cancer-risk 

benefits of clean fuel technology and policy—A statistical analysis: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5113–5124.

Garcez, C.A.G., and Vianna, J.N.d.S., 2009, Brazilian biodiesel policy—Social and 

environmental considerations of sustainability: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 645–654.

Gaudet, G., Moreaux, M., and Withagen, C., 2006, The Alberta dilemma—Optimal sharing of a 

water resource by an agricultural and an oil sector: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 548–566.

Gentemann, K.M., 1981, Social and political perspectives on energy policy: New York, N.Y., 

Praeger Publishing, 190 p.

Giannantoni, C., 2009, Ordinal benefits vs. economic benefits as a reference guide for policy 

decision making—The case of hydrogen technologies: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2230–

2239.

Glenn, F.M., Boston, C.R., Burns, J.C., Hagan Jr., C.W., Saulsbury, J.W., and Wolfe, A.K., 

1995, Bibliography of documents and related materials collected for the Hawaii 

geothermal project environmental impact statement: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, 62 p.

Godwin, D.S., Van Pelt, M.M., and Krasney, T.L., 2010, An analysis of reduction opportunities 

for consumption of hydrofluorocarbons and comparisons to U.S. climate policy

proposals: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 

187–199.

Goerold, W.T., 1987, Environmental and petroleum resource conflicts—A simulation model to 

determine the benefits of petroleum production in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 

Alaska: Materials and Society, v. 11, p. 279–307.

Gold, R.L., 1985, Ranching, mining, and the human impact of natural resource development: 

New Brunswick, N.J., Transaction Books, Inc., 175 p.

Gowan, C., Stephenson, K., Shabman, L., and Gowan, C., 2006, The role of ecosystem valuation 

in environmental decision making—Hydropower relicensing and dam removal on the 

Elwha River: Ecological Economics, v. 56, no. 4, p. 508-523.

Greenberger, M., and Richels, R., 1979, Assessing energy policy models—Current state and 

future directions: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 467–500.
271

Gül, T., 2009, An energy-economic scenario analysis of alternative fuels for personal transport 

using the Global Multi-regional MARKAL model (GMM): Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 

1423–1437.

Halder, P., Pietarinen, J., Havu-Nuutinen, S., and Pelkonen, P., 2010, Young citizens’ knowledge 

and perceptions of bioenergy and future policy implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, 

p. 3058–3066.

Hammond, A.L., 1973, Energy and the future—Research priorities and national policy: Science, 

v. 179, no. 4069, p. 164–166.

Hannah, L., 1986, Protection policy for Hawaii native wildlife during geothermal-energy 

development: Environmental Management, v. 10, no. 5, p. 611–621.

He, K., Lei, Y., Pan, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., and Chen, D., 2010, Co-benefits from energy 

policies in China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4265–4272.

Headwaters Economics, 2008, U.S. energy needs and the role of western public lands: Bozeman, 

Mont., Headwaters Economics, 34 p.

Hennenberg, K.J., Dragisic, C., Haye, S., Hewson, J., Semroc, B., Savy, C., Wiegmann, K., 

Fehrenbach, H., and Fritsche, U.R., 2010, The power of bioenergy-related standards to 

protect biodiversity: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 412–423.

Hines, P., Apt, J., and Talukdar, S., 2009, Large blackouts in North America—Historical trends 

and policy implications: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5249–5259.

Hoffman, S.M., 2001, Negotiating eternity—Energy, policy, environmental justice, and the 

politics of nuclear waste: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 21, p. 456–472.

Hotz, M.C.B., 1981, Resources and development—Trying to close the gap responsibly: 

Mazingira, v. 5, no. 2, p. 52–61.

Howells, M., Jeong, K., Langlois, L., Lee, M.K., Nam, K.Y., and Rogner, H.H., 2010, 

Incorporating macroeconomic feedback into an energy systems model using an IO 

approach—Evaluating the rebound effect in the Korean electricity system: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 6, p. 2700–2728.

Jacobsen, J.J., 1975, Dynamic analysis of the environmental and social impacts of coal 

development in the Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming, 1960 to 2010: Richland, 

Wash., Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 23 p.

Johnson, K.C., 2010, A decarbonization strategy for the electricity sector—New-source 

subsidies: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2499–2507.
272

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Jones, C.A., and Pease, K.A., 1997, Restoration based compensation measures in natural 

resource liability statutes: Contemporary Economic Policy, v. 15, no. 4, p. 111–122.

Jones, C.O., 1979, American politics and the organization of energy decision making: Annual 

Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 99–121.

Jones, D., 1990, Energy—The 1990’s and beyond: Energy Policy, v. 18, no. 9, p. 876–877.

Kamperman, G.W., and James, R.R., 2008, The “how to” guide to siting wind turbines to prevent 

health risks from sound—Wind Turbine Syndrome: Citizens for Responsible Green 

Energy, 47 p.

Katz, C., 2004, Public attitudes and support for solar power—A survey of likely voters in 

California conducted for Environment California Research and Policy Center: 

Environment California Research and Policy Center, 9 p.

Kellogg, R., and Wolff, H., 2008, Daylight time and energy—Evidence from an Australian 

experiment: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 207–

220.

Kempton, H., Bloomfield, T.A., Hanson, J.L., and Limerick, P., 2010, Policy guidance for 

identifying and effectively managing perpetual environmental impacts from new 

hardrock mines: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 13, no. 6, p. 558–566.

Kenny, R., Law, C., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Towards real energy economics—Energy policy 

driven by life-cycle carbon emission: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1969–1978.

Kolstad, C.D., 2000, Energy and depletable resources—Economics and policy, 1973–1998: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 39, no. 3, p. 282–305.

Konar, S., and Cohen, M.A., 1997, Information as regulation—The effect of community right to 

know laws on toxic emissions: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 

32, no. 1, p. 109–124.

Koplow, D., and Martin, A., 1998, Fueling global warming—Federal subsidies to oil in the 

United States: Washington, D.C., Greenpeace, 140 p.

Koshel, P., and McAllister, K., 2010, Expanding biofuel production—Sustainability and the 

transition to advanced biofuels—Summary of a workshop: Washington, D.C., National 

Academies Press, 178 p.

Kosnik, L., 2010, The potential for small scale hydropower development in the U.S.: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5512–5519.
273

Krysiak, F.C., and Oberauner, I.M., 2010, Environmental policy à la carte—Letting firms choose 

their regulation: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 60, no. 3, p. 

221–232.

Kuvlesky, W.P., Brennan, L.A., Morrison, M., Boydston, K., Ballard, B., and Bryant, F., 2007, 

Wind energy development and wildlife conservation—Challenges and opportunities: 

Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2487–2498. 

Kydd, A.H., 2010, Learning together, growing apart—Global warming—Energy policy and 

international trust: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2675–2680.

Labandeira, X., Labeaga, J.M., and Rodriguez, M., 2009, An integrated economic and

distributional analysis of energy policies: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5776–5786.

Lajuala, P., Rod, J.K., and Theime, N., 2007, Fighting over oil—Introducing a new dataset: 

Conflict Management and Peace Science, v. 24, p. 239-256.

Landsberg, H.H., 1980, Let's all play energy policy!: Daedalus, v. 109, no. 3, p. 71–84.

Lee, S.K., Mogi, G., and Jong Wook, K., 2009, Energy technology roadmap for the next 10 

years—The case of Korea: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 2, p. 588–596.

Lee, Y.E., and Koh, K.K., 2002, Decision-making of nuclear energy policy—Application of 

environmental management tool to nuclear fuel cycle: Energy Policy, v. 30, no. 13, p. 

1151–1161.

Leistritz, F.L., and Murdock, S.H., 1981, Socio-economic impact of resource development—

Methods for assessment: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 303 p.

Levine, M.D., and Craig, P.P., 1985, A decade of United States energy policy: Annual Review of 

Energy, v. 10, p. 557–87.

Livernois, J., 1992, A note on the effect of tax brackets on non-renewable resource extraction: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 22, no. 3, p. 272–280.

López, I., Rodríguez, J., Burón, J.M., and García, A., 2009, A methodology for evaluating 

environmental impacts of railway freight transportation policies: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5393–5398.

Löschel, A., Moslener, U., and Rubbelke, D.T.G., 2009, Energy security—Concepts and 

indicators: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1607–1608.

Lyon, W.S., 1984, Social studies of science and U.S.—Part 2: Journal of Radioanalytical and 

Nuclear Chemistry, Switzerland, v. 85, no. 5, p. 261–265.
274

Mack, J., and Endemann, B., 2010, Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible—Toward 

federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 2, p. 735–743.

Mandell, S., 2009, Policies towards a more efficient car fleet: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 

5184–5191

Matlock, M., 2009, Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma energy options analysis—A preliminary review 

of renewable energy development and utility cost savings options: Pawnee, Okla., 

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma, Summit Blue Consulting, LLC, 122 p.

McAusland, C., 2008, Trade, politics, and the environment—Tailpipe vs. smokestack: Journal of 

Environmental Economics and Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 52–71.

McCollum, D., and Yang, C., 2009, Achieving deep reductions in U.S. transport greenhouse gas 

emissions—Scenario analysis and policy implications: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 

5580–5596.

Melese, F., and Michel, P., 1991, Uncertainty in tax reform—The case of an extractive firm: 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 140–153.

Menyah, K., and Wolde-Rufael, Y., 2010, CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and 

economic growth in the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2911–2915.

Meyer, N.I., 2007, Learning from wind energy policy in the E.U.—Lessons from Denmark, 

Sweden, and Spain: European Environment, v. 17, p. 347–362.

Midttun, A., and Baumgartner, T., Negotiating energy futures—The politics of energy 

forecasting: Energy Policy, v. 14, no. 3, p. 219–241.

Moe, E., 2010, Energy industry and politics—Energy, vested interests, and long-term economic 

growth and development: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1730–1740.

Muller, H., and Trultt, S., 2011, Solar powering your community—A guide for local 

governments, 2nd edition: Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S. Department of Energy, Solar America 

Cities, 172 p.

Mundaca, L., Neij, L., Worrell, E., and McNeil, M., 2010, Evaluating energy efficiency policies 

with energy-economy models: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 35, p. 

305–344.

Murdock, S.H., Leistritz, F.L., and Hamm, R.R., 1983, Socioeconomic impacts of large-scale 

developments—Implications for high-level nuclear waste repositories: The 

Environmental Professional, v. 5, p. 183–194.

Murphy, F.H., and Rosenthal, E.C., 2006, Allocating the added value of energy policies: Energy 

Journal, v. 27, no. 2, p. 143–156.
275

Myers, D., Dorset, P., and Parker, T., 1977, Oil shale and the environment: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 30 p.

Nadaï, A., and der Horst, D., 2010, Introduction—Landscapes of energies: Landscape Research, 

v. 35, no. 2, p. 143–155.

Nair, K., Smith, W., Kulkarni, R.B., and Sicherman, A., 1976, Decision analysis—A 

methodology for solving complex problems in the utility industry—Benefit-cost analysis, 

siting, and long-range planning, in American power conference, Chicago, Ill., April 1976, 

Proceedings: San Francisco, Calif., Woodward-Clyde Consultants, v. 38, p. 590–606.

National Academy of Engineering, 2009, America's energy future—Technology and 

transformation: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 184 p.

National Research Council, 2009, Catalysis for energy—Fundamental science and long-term 

impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy basic energy science catalysis science: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 139 p.

National Science Board, 2009, Building a sustainable energy future—U.S. actions for an 

effective energy economy transformation: Washington, D.C., National Science 

Foundation and National Science Board, 64 p.

Nelson, R.W., and Logan, W.J., 1984, Policy on wetland impact mitigation: Environment 

International, v. 10, no. 1, p. 9–19. 

Nye, J.S., 1980, Energy nightmares: Foreign Policy, v. 40, p. 132–154.

O'Rourke, D., and Connolly, S., 2003, Just oil? The distribution of environmental and social 

impacts of oil production and consumption: Annual Review of Environment and 

Resources, v. 28, p. 587–617.

Odum, H.T., 1995, Environmental accounting—Emergy and environmental decision making: 

New York, N.Y., John Wiley & Sons, 359 p.

Odum, H.T., and Odum, E.C., 2001, A prosperous way down—Principles and policies: Boulder, 

Colo., University Press of Colorado, 348 p.

Oikonomou, V., Flamos, A., and Grafakos, S., 2010, Is blending of energy and climate policy 

instruments always desirable?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4186–4195.

Opaluch, J.J., Swallow, S.K., Thomas,W., Christopher, W., and Dennis, W., 1993, Evaluating 

impacts from noxious facilities—Including public preferences in current siting 

mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 41–

59.
276

Orr, D.W., and Hill, S., 1978, Leviathan, the open society, and the crisis of ecology: The 

Western Political Quarterly, v. 31, no. 4, p. 457–469.

Palm, J., 2010, The public-private divide in household behavior—How far into home can energy 

guidance reach?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2858–2864.

Parag, Y., and Janda, K.B., 2010, Midstream and sideways—Considering a middle-out approach 

to changing energy demand, in Sussex energy group conference, Oxford, U.K., Oxford 

University, February 2010, Proceedings: Oxford, United Kingdom, Environmental 

Change Institute, 16 p.

Parikh, K.S., Karandikar, V., Rana, A., and Dani, P., 2009, Projecting India's energy 

requirements for policy formulation: Energy, v. 34, no. 8, p. 928–941.

Peterson, T.D., and Rose, A.Z., 2006, Reducing conflicts between climate policy and energy 

policy in the U.S.—The important role of the states: Energy Policy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 619–

631.

Pimentel, D. ed., 2008, Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems—Benefits and 

risks: Springer Publishing, 506 p.

Piñeiro, G., Jobbágy, E.G., Baker, J., Murray, B.C., and Jackson, R.B., 2009, Set-asides can be 

better climate investment than corn ethanol: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 2, p. 277–

282.

Pizer, W.A., 2005, Setting energy policy in the modern era: Resources, v. 156, p. 8–10.

Polasky, S., 1992, Do oil producers act as ‘Oil’igopolists?: Journal of Environmental Economics 

and Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 216–247.

Prasad, A., and Mir, R., 2002, Digging deep for meaning—A critical hermeneutic analysis of 

CEO letters to shareholders in the oil industry: Journal of Business Communication, v. 

39, p. 92–116.

Prull, D. S., Ling, F., and Kammen, D., 2006, A wind energy blueprint for policy makers—Case 

study, Santa Barbara County, Calif., in Fall meeting 2006 of the American Geophysical 

Union, San Fransisco, Calif., December 2006, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., American 

Geophysical Union , 87 p.

Qudrat-Ullah, H., and Seo Seong, B., 2010, How to do structural validity of a system dynamics 

type simulation model—The case of an energy policy model: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, 

p. 2216–2224.

Raj, B., Vijayalakshmi, M., Vasudeva Rao, P.R., and Rao, K.B.S., 2008, Challenges in materials 

research for sustainable nuclear energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p.

327–337.
277

Rajagopal, D., Hochman, G., and Zilberman, D., 2011, Indirect fuel use change (IFUC) and the 

lifecycle environmental impact of biofuel policies: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 228–

233.

Randolph, J.C., and Fowler, G.L., 1983, Energy policies and biomass resources in the AsiaPacific region: Public Administration Review, v. 43, no. 6, p. 528–536.

Riccitello, D., Robinson, P., Hector, A., Luis, J., Benavides, D., and Hancock, D., 1979, 

Uranium mining and milling—A primer: The Workbook, v. 6, no. 6-7, p. 222–33.

Richards, B., 1981, Powder River Basin—New energy frontier: National Geographic Magazine, 

February, p. 96–112.

Rijk, P.D., ed., 2008, Mined U—Financing of new uranium mines: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 

WISE Amsterdam, 54 p.

Rohrman, D.F., 2009, Not so clean coal—A reply to Hall: Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment, v. 7, p. 70–71.

Rohrman, D.F., 2009, Obama’s plan—Part clean, part green: Frontiers in Ecology, v. 7, p. 112.

Runge, C.F., 1984, Energy exploration on wilderness—"Privatization" and public lands 

management: Land Economics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 56–68.

Rusche, T.M., 2010, The European climate change program—An evaluation of stakeholder 

involvement and policy achievements: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6349–6359.

Salvarli, H., 2009, For sustainable development—Some aspects on energy and environment in 

Turkey: Energy Sources Part B—Economics, Planning and Policy, v. 4, no. 4, p. 356–

364.

Sanchirico, J.N., and Wilen, J.E., 2005, Optimal spatial management of renewable resources—

Matching policy scope to ecosystem scale: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 23–46.

Sarofim, M.C., 2010, Using black carbon metrics in climate policy: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 135–144.

Savvanidou, E., Zervas, E., and Tsagarakis, K.P., 2010, Public acceptance of biofuels: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3482–3488.

Scrase, J.I., and Ockwell, D.G., 2010, The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in 

sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2225–2233.
278

Schutzer, G.J., 2010, Recent tax law changes create new opportunities for leasing wind energy 

property: Electricity Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 47–56.

Secchi, S., Gassman, P.W., Williams, J.R., and Babcock, B.A., 2009, Corn-based ethanol 

production and environmental quality—A case of Iowa and the conservation reserve 

program: Environmental Management, v. 44, no. 4, p. 732–744.

Shen, Y.-C., Lin, G.T.R., Li, K.-P., and Yuan, B.J.C., 2010, An assessment of exploiting 

renewable energy sources with concerns of policy and technology: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 8, p. 4604–4616.

Shova, T., and Hubacek, K., 2011, Drivers of illegal resource extraction—An analysis of Bardia 

National Park, Nepal: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 156–164.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Singh, B., and Singh, S.N., 2009, Wind power interconnection into the power system—A review 

of grid code requirements: Electricity Journal, v. 22, no. 5, p. 54–63.

Skodvin, T., 2010, "Pivotal politics" in U.S. energy and climate legislation: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 8, p. 4214–4223.

Sorda, G., Banse, M., and Kemfert, C., 2010, An overview of biofuel policies across the world: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6977–6988.

Sorensen, A., and Daukas, J., 2010, Policy approaches to energy and resource use in U.S. 

agriculture: Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, v. 25, no. 2, p. 109–117.

Sorensen, J., Soderstrom, J., and Copenhaver, E., 1987, Impacts of hazardous technology—The 

psycho-social effects of restarting TMI-1: New York, N.Y., New York State University 

Press, 233 p.

Stevens, J., and Frank, R., 2009, Current policy and legal issues affecting recreational use of 

public lands in the American west: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 33 p.

Strachan, P.A., Lal, D., and Malmborg, F.V., 2005, The evolving U.K. wind energy industry—

Critical policy and management aspects of the emerging research agenda: European 

Environment, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1–18.

Sublette County Commissioners, 2008, Sublette County socioeconomic impact study—Phase I—

Final report: Missoula, Mont., Sublette County Commissioners, Ecosystem Research 

Group, 109 p.
279

Sutley, J.L.N., 2010, Proposed U.S. policy for ocean, coast, and Great Lakes stewardship: 

Science, v. 328, p. 1485–1486.

Sweigard, R.J., and Ramani, R.V., 1986, Site planning process—Application to land use 

potential evaluation for mined land: Mining Engineering, v. 38, no. 6, p. 427–432.

Temkin, B., 1983, State, ecology, and independence—Policy responses to the energy crisis in the 

United States: British Journal of Political Science, v. 13, no. 4, p. 441–462.

Theo, C., 1995, Pesticides—How research has succeeded and failed to translate science into 

policy: Endocrinological Effects on Wildlife, v. 103, p. 81–85.

Tertzakian, P., 2007, A thousand barrels a second—The coming oil break point and the 

challenges facing an energy dependent world: Chicago, Ill., McGraw-Hill, 272 p.

Thomas, K., Dunster, H.J., and Green, C., 1981, Comparative risk perception—How the public 

perceives the risks and benefits of energy systems [and discussion]: Proceedings of the 

Royal Society of London, Series A, v. 376, no. 1764, p. 35–50.

Tilford, N.R., 1994, Site selection—Past and present—Social planning criteria for nuclear power 

plant siting: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 31, no. 2, p. 157–

169.

Tokic, D., 2010, The 2008 oil bubble—Causes and consequences: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, 

p. 6009–6015.

U.S. Department of Energy, 1980, Safety and environmental considerations for licensing, 

volume 6 of Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power—Report of the 

nonproliferation alternative systems assessment program: Washington, D.C., U.S.

Department of Energy, 152 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2004, Guide to purchasing green power—Renewable electricity, 

renewable energy, certificates and on-site renewable generation: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, SEPA Green Power Partnership, World Resources Institute, 

Center for resources Solutions, 50 p.

U.S. Department of Energy, 2009, 20% wind energy by 2030: Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 248 p.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2009, Whooping cranes and wind development—An issue paper: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 27 p.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005, Wind power—Impacts on wildlife and 

government responsibilities for regulating development and protecting wildlife: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 64 p.
280

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2003, Chronology of significant events in operator 

licensing since Three Mile Island (TMI-1979): Washington, D.C., U.S. Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission, 9 p.

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.

Vachon, S., and Menz, F.C., 2006, The role of social, political, and economic interests in 

promoting state green electricity policies: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 9, no. 7-8, 

p. 652–662.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2007, Siting difficulty and renewable energy development—A case of gridlock?: 

Resources, v. 164, p. 5-7.

Valentine, S., 2010, Braking wind in Australia—A critical evaluation of the renewable energy 

target: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3668–3675.

Valentine, S.V., 2009, Canada’s constitutional separation of (wind) power: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 4, p. 1918–1930.

van Ackere, A., and Ochoa, P., 2010, Managing a hydro-energy reservoir—A policy approach: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7299–7311.

Verbruggen, A., and Al Marchohi, M., 2010, Views on peak oil and its relation to climate change 

policy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no.10, p. 5572–5581.

Walker, G., 2008, Decentralised systems and fuel poverty—Are there any links or risks?: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4514–4517.

Wang, Y.D., 2009, Integrated policy and planning for water and energy: Journal of 

Contemporary Water Research & Education, v. 142, no. 1 p. 46–51.

Weisbrot, M., and Szembrot, N., 2008, Oil drilling in environmentally sensitive areas—The role 

of the media: Washington, D.C., Center for Economic and Policy Research, 4 p.

Weisser, D., 2007, A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply 

technologies: Energy, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1543–1559.

Weisser, D., Howells, M., Rogner, H.-H., 2008, Nuclear power and post-2012 energy and 

climate change policies: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 11, no. 6, p. 467-477.

Western Governors’ Association, 2007, Wildlife corridors initiative: Jackson, Wyo., Oil and Gas 

Working Group Report, Western Governors' Association, 19 p.

Whistance, J., and Thompson, W., 2010, How does increased corn-ethanol production affect 

U.S. natural gas prices?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2315–2325.
281

Wise, M., Kyle, G.P., Dooley, J.J., and Kim, S.H., 2010, The impact of electric passenger 

transport technology under an economy-wide climate policy in the United States—

Carbon dioxide emissions, coal use, and carbon dioxide capture and storage: International 

Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 4, no. 2, p. 301–308.

Wolfe, A.K., 1993, Risk communication in social context—Improving effective communication: 

Environmental Professional, v. 15, no. 3, p. 248–255.

Wolfe, P., 2008, The implications of an increasingly decentralized energy system: Energy Policy 

v. 36, no. 12, p. 4509–4513.

Woo, T.-H., and Lee, U.-C., 2010, Safety assessment for the passive system of the nuclear power 

plants (NPPs) using safety margin estimation: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1799–1804.

Woodman, B., and Baker, P., 2008, Regulatory frameworks for decentralized energy: Energy 

Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4527–4531.

World Energy Council, 2008, Assessment of energy policy and practices: London, World Energy 

Council, 24 p.

Yu, X., 2010, An overview of legislative and institutional approaches to China’s energy 

development: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2161–2167.

Zhu, L., and Fan, Y., 2010, Optimization of China's generating portfolio and policy implications 

based on portfolio theory: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1391–1402.

Research and Technology

Research and technology have been critical components in energy development and use. 

The sources below highlight the technologies and research occurring to further development of 

both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. 

Aabakken, J., 2006, Power technologies energy data book: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 231 p.

Adamantiades, A., and Kessides, I., 2009, Nuclear power for sustainable development—Current 

status and future prospects: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5149–5166.

Alexopoulos, S., and Hoffschmidt, B., 2010, Solar tower power plant in Germany and future 

perspectives of the development of the technology in Greece and Cyprus: Renewable 

Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 1352–1356.

America’s Energy Future (Project), National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of 

Engineering, and National Research Council, 2010, Real prospects for energy efficiency 

in the United States: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 329 p.
282

Anderson, D., 1997, Renewable energy technology and policy for development: Annual Review 

of Energy and the Environment, v. 22, p. 187–215.

Appleby, A.J., 1996, Fuel cell technology—Status and future prospects: Energy, v. 21, no. 7-8, 

p. 521–653.

Argyropoulos, P., Aspy, D., Dennis, A., Blanchard, K., Brandes, W., Crossman, K., Davis, S., 

Eddinger, J., Goldstein, R., Grano, D., Maxwell, B., Perla, D., Ruiz, F., Voell, C., 

Wayland, R., Wood, G., Brennan, A., Haase, S., Putsche, V., Sheehan, J., Shepherd, P.,

Short, W., Wallace, B., Patton-Mallory, M., Swain, L., Byrnett, D.S., Mulholland, D, 

Zinsmeister, E., Doris, E., Milbrandt, A., Robichaud, R., Stanley, R., and Vimmerstedt, 

L., 2009, State bioenergy primer—Information and resources for states on issues, 

opportunities, and options for advancing bioenergy: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 104 p.

Arunachalam, V.S., and Fleischer, E.L. 2008, The global energy landscape and materials 

innovation: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 264–288.

Assefa, G., and Frostell, B., 2007, Social sustainability and social acceptance in technology 

assessment—A case study of energy technologies: Technology in Society, v. 29, no. 1, p. 

63–78.

Ataei, A., Gharaie, M., Parand, R., and Panjeshahi, E., 2009, Application of ozone treatment and 

pinch technology in cooling water systems design for water and energy conservation: 

International Journal of Energy Research, v. 34, no. 6, p. 494–506.

Baring-Gould, I., and Dabo, M., 2009, Technology, performance, and market report of winddiesel applications for remote and island communities—Preprint: National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 15 p.

Barnthouse, L.W., Cada, G.F., Cheng, M.-D., Easterly, C.E., Kroodsma, R.L., Lee, R., Shriner, 

D.S., Tolbert, V.R., and Turner, R.S.,1998, Estimating externalities of biomass fuel 

cycles, Report 7: Oak Ridge, Tenn, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 429 p.

Beerten, J., Laes, E., Meskens, G., and D’haeseleer, W., 2009, Greenhouse gas emissions in the 

nuclear life cycle—A balanced appraisal: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5056–5068.

Beyea, J., and Keeler, K.H., 1991, Biotechnological advances in biomass energy and chemical 

production—Impacts on wildlife and habitat: Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, v. 10, 

no. 4, p. 305–319.

Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 2008, Increasing feedstock production for 

biofuels—Economic drivers, environmental implications, and the role of research: 

Washington, D.C., Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 167 p.
283

Brown, S., Pyke, D., and Steenhof, P., 2010, Electric vehicles—The role and importance of 

standards in an emerging market: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3797–3806.

Borges Silverio, L., and Lamas, W.d.Q., 2011, An analysis of development and research on spent 

nuclear fuel reprocessing: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 281–289.

Burgess, J., and Nye, M., 2008, Re-materialising energy use through transparent monitoring 

systems: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4454–4459.

Carrera, D.G., and Mack, A., 2010, Sustainability assessment of energy technologies via social 

indicators—Results of a survey among European energy experts: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 2, p. 1030–1039.

Castelo Branco, D.A., Gomes, G.L., and Szklo, A.S., 2010, Challenges and technological 

opportunities for the oil refining industry—A Brazilian refinery case: Energy Policy, v. 

38, no. 6, p. 3098–3105.

Chaurey, A., and Kandpal, T.C., 2010, A techno-economic comparison of rural electrification 

based on solar home systems and PV microgrids: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 3118–

3129.

Chen, W., and Xu, R., 2010, Clean coal technology development in China: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2123–2130.

Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform Energy Policy, 

2007, Coal—Research and development to support national energy policy: Washington, 

D.C., Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform 

Energy Policy, National Academies Press, 183 p.

Cooper, J.T., 1998, Biomass power for rural development—Quarterly report, April 3–July 1, 

1998: Centerville, Iowa, Chariton Valley Resource Conservation and Development, 50 p.

Cornish, J., and Lewis, N., 2007, Mine waste technology program—Acid/heavy metal tolerant 

plants: Butte, Mont., MSE Technology Applications, 51 p.

Cox, K.E., and Williamson Jr., K.D., 1979, Implications of hydrogen energy: Cleveland, Ohio, 

CRC Press, 129 p.

Crowley, K.D., 2010, Science and technology for DOE site cleanup—Workshop summary: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 73 p.

Cullen, J.M., and Allwood, J.M., 2010, Theoretical efficiency limits for energy conversion 

devices: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2059–2069.
284

Daniels, J.I., Anspaugh, L.R., and Ricker, Y.E., 1981, Technology assessment—Environmental, 

health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from U.S. tar-sand deposits: 

Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 146 p.

Davis, R.J., Conover, M.F., Keeney, R.C., Personett, M.L., and Richmann, D.L., 1981, Texas 

geothermal R.D. and D program planning support document—Final report: Austin, Tex., 

Radian Corporation, 270 p.

Dimitrov, K., 2007, GreenFuel technologies—A case study for industrial photosynthetic energy 

capture: Brisbane, Australia, GreenFuel Technologies Corporation, 30 p.

Doris, E., Busche, S., Hockett, S., and McLaren, J., 2009, The role of state policy in renewable 

energy development: Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 14 p.

Doris, E., Kreycik, C., and Young, K., 2009, Policy overview and options for maximizing the 

role of policy in geothermal electricity development: Golden, Colo., National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, 42 p.

Dyer, C.H., Hammond, G.P., Jones, C.I., and McKenna, R.C., 2008, Enabling technologies for 

industrial energy demand management: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4434–4443.

Etzkowitz, H. 1984, Solar versus nuclear energy—Autonomous or dependent technology?: 

Social Problems, v. 31, no. 4, p. 417–434.

Fan, L., Hobbs, B.F., and Norman, C.S., 2010, Risk aversion and CO2 regulatory uncertainty in 

power generation investment—Policy and modeling implications: Journal of 

Environmental Economics and Management, v. 60, no. 3, p. 193–208.

Farrell, A.E., and Gopal, A.R., 2008, Bioenergy research needs for heat, electricity, and liquid 

fuels: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 373–380.

Fischer, C., and Newell, R., 2004, Environmental and technology policies for climate change and 

renewable energy: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 47 p.

Fischlein, M., Larson, J., Hall, D.M., Chaudhry, R., Rai Peterson, T., Stephens, J.C., and Wilson, 

E.J., 2010, Policy stakeholders and deployment of wind power in the sub-national 

context—A comparison of four U.S. states: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4429–4439.

Frank, H.J., and Schanz Jr., J.J., 1973, The future of American oil and natural gas: The Annals of 

the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 410, p. 24-34.

Fouquet, R., 2010, The slow search for solutions—Lessons from historical energy transition by 

sector and service: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6586-6596.
285

Gallagher, P., Lazarus, W., Shapouri, H., Conway, R., and Duffield, J., 2009, Cancer-risk 

benefits of clean fuel technology and policy—A statistical analysis: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5113–5124.

Garribba, S.F., 1991, Prospects for international collaboration on energy technology and role of 

the IEA: Solar Energy Materials, v. 24, no. 1–4, p. 4–17.

Garrone, P., and Grilli, L., 2010, Is there a relationship between public expenditures in energy 

R&D and carbon emissions per GDP? An empirical investigation: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 10, p. 5600–5613.

Gassner, M., and Maréchal, F., 2008, Thermo-economic optimization of the integration of 

electrolysis in synthetic natural gas production from wood: Energy, v. 33, no. 2, p. 189–

198.

Gielen, D., Newman, J., and Patel, M.K., 2008, Reducing industrial energy use and CO2

Emissions—The role of materials science: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, 

p. 471–477.

Goldemberg, J., Johansson, T.B., Reddy, A.K., and Williams, R.H., 2001, Energy for the new 

millennium: Ambio, v. 30, no. 6, p. 330–337.

Gray, R.H., 1997, A description of long-term environmental monitoring and assessment 

programs at two U.S. Department of Energy sites: Water Environment Research, v. 69, 

no. 5, p. 1015–1021.

Greenberg, M.R., 2010, Energy parks for former nuclear weapons sites? Public preferences at six 

regional locations and the United States as a whole: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5098–

5107.

Greene, D.L., 2009, Energy assurance—Essential energy technologies for climate protection and 

energy security: Oak Ridge, Tenn., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 127 p.

Greene, D.L., Boudreaux, P.R., Dean, D.J., Fulkerson, W., Gaddis, A.L., Graham, R.L., Graves, 

R.L., Hopson, R.L., Hughes, P., Lapsa, M.V., Mason, T.E., Standaert, R.F., Wilbanks, 

T.J., and Zucker, A., 2010, The importance of advancing technology to America's energy 

goals: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3886–3890.

Habash, R.W.Y., 2010, Environmental and human impact of electromagnetic energy—Views 

toward technology and risk: Energy & Environment, v. 21, p. 107–113.

Haeseldonckx, D., and D'Haeseleer, W., 2010, Using renewables and the co-production of 

hydrogen and electricity from CCS-equipped IGCC facilities as a stepping stone towards 

the early development of a hydrogen economy: International Journal of Hydrogen 

Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 861–871.
286

Hammond, A.L., 1973, Energy and the future—Research priorities and national policy: Science, 

v. 179, no. 4069, p. 164–166.

Hoffert, M.I., Caldeira, K., Benford, G., Criswell, D.R., Green, C., Herzog, H., Jain, A.K., 

Kheshgi, H.S., Lackner, K.S., Lewis, J.S., Lightfoot, H.D., Manheimer, W., Mankins, 

J.C., Mauel, M.E., Perkins, L.J, Schlesinger, M.E., Volk, T., and Wigley, T.M.L., 2002, 

Advanced technology paths to global climate stability—Energy for a greenhouse planet: 

Science, v. 298, no. 5595, p. 981–987.

Jeong, H.-Y., Kim, Y.-I., Lee, Y.-B., Ha, K.-S., Won, B.-C., Lee, D.-U., and Hahn, D., 2009, A 

‘must-go path’ scenario for sustainable development and the role of nuclear energy in the 

21st century: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1962–1968.

Kaldellis, J.K., Zafirakis, D., and Kondili, E., 2009, Optimum autonomous stand-alone 

photovoltaic system design on the basis of energy pay-back analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 9, 

p. 1187–1198.

Koshel, P., and McAllister, K., 2008, Transitioning to sustainability through research and 

development on ecosystem services and biofuels—Workshop summary: Washington, 

D.C., National Acadamies Press, 130 p.

Koshel, P., and McAllister, K., 2010, Expanding biofuel production—Sustainability and the 

transition to advanced biofuels—Summary of a workshop: Washington, D.C., National 

Academies Press, 178 p.

Ku, S.J., and Yoo, S.H., 2010, Willingness to pay for renewable energy investment in Korea—A 

choice experiment study: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 14, no. 8, p. 

2196–2201.

Kuleszo, J., Kroeze, C., Post, J., and Fekete, B.M., 2010, The potential of blue energy for 

reducing emissions of CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 89–96.

La Porte, T., and Metlay, D., 1975, Public attitudes toward present and future technologies—

Satisfactions and apprehensions: Social Studies of Science, v. 5, no. 4, p. 373–398.

Leckner, M., and Zmeureanu, R., 2011, Life cycle cost and energy analysis of a net-zero energy 

house with solar combisystem: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 232–241.

Lee, J.-S., and Yoo, S.-H., 2009, Measuring the environmental costs of tidal power plant 

construction—A choice experiment study: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5069–5074.

Lee, S.K., Mogi, G., and Jong Wook, K., 2009, Energy technology roadmap for the next 10 

years—The case of Korea: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 2, p. 588–596.

Llewellyn Smith, C., and Ward, D., 2008, Fusion: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4331–4334.
287

Lund, H., and Mathiesen, B.V., 2009, Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy 

systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 524–531.

Lund, P.D., 2010, Exploring past energy changes and their implications for the pace of 

penetration of new energy technologies: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 647–656.

Ma, T., and Nakamori, Y., 2009, Modeling technological change in energy systems—From 

optimization to agent-based modeling: Energy, v. 34, no. 7, p. 873–879.

Managi, S., Opaluch, J.J., Jin, D., and Grigalunas, T.A., 2004, Technological change and 

depletion in offshore oil and gas: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 

v. 47, no. 2, p. 388–409.

Mani, S., Sokhansanj, S., Tagore, S., and Turhollow, A.F., 2009, Techno-economic analysis of 

using corn stover to supply heat and power to a corn ethanol plant—Part 2—Cost of heat 

and power generation systems: Biomass and BioEnergy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 356–364.

Matsumoto, M., 2005, The uncertain but crucial relationship between a 'new energy' technology 

and global environmental problems—The complex case of the 'Sunshine' Project: Social 

Studies of Science, v. 35, no. 4, 30 p.

McLachlan, C., 2009, ‘You don't do a chemistry experiment in your best china’—Symbolic 

interpretations of place and technology in a wave energy case: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 

12, p. 5342–5350.

Mehos, M., 2008, Another pathway to large-scale power generation—Concentrating solar power: 

Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 364–366.

Michael, R.M., Elizabeth, B.M., and David, W.K., 2001, Testing theories of agency behavior—

Evidence from hydropower project relicensing—Decisions of the Federal Energy 

Regulatory Commission: Land Economics, v. 77, no. 3, p. 423–442.

Michaud-Lalanne, H., and Lalanne, M., 2003, Renewable energy—Getting the numbers straight: 

BioScience, v. 53, no. 4, p. 310.

Mueller, M., and Wallace, R., 2008, Enabling science and technology for marine renewable 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 36, no. 12, p. 4376–4382.

Muller, H., and Trultt, S., 2011, Solar powering your community—A guide for local 

governments, 2nd edition: Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S. Department of Energy, Solar America 

Cities, 172 p.

Münster, M., and Lund, H., 2009, Use of waste for heat, electricity and transport—Challenges 

when performing energy system analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 636–644.
288

Myers, K.S., Klein, S.A., and Reindl, D.T., 2010, Assessment of high penetration of solar 

photovoltaics in Wisconsin: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7338–7345.

Narayan, P.K., and Liu, R., 2011, Are shocks to commodity prices persistent?: Applied Energy, 

v. 88, no. 1, p. 409–416.

National Academies Summit on America’s Energy Future, 2008, The National Acadamies 

summit on America's energy future—Summary of a meeting: Washington, D.C., National 

Acadamies Press, 161 p.

National Academy of Engineering, 2009, America's energy future—Technology and 

transformation: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 184 p.

National Research Council, 2003, Summary of a workshop on U.S. natural gas demand, supply, 

and technology—Looking toward the future: Washington, D.C., National Academies 

Press, 112 p.

National Research Council, 2009, Catalysis for energy—Fundamental science and long-term 

impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy basic energy science catalysis science: 

Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 139 p.

National Research Council, 2009, Electricity from renewable resources—Status, prospects, and

impediments: Washington, D.C., National Academies Press, 387 p.

Olajire, A.A., 2010, CO2 capture and separation technologies for end-of-pipe applications—A 

review: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2610–2628.

Paine, J.G., Dutton, A.R., Mayorga, J.S., and Geoffrey, P.S., 1997, Identifying oil-field salinity 

sources with airborne and ground-based geophysics—A West Texas example: The 

Leading Edge, v. 16, p. 1603–1607.

Parsons, K.C., 1996, Recovering from oil spills—The role of proactive science in mitigating 

adverse effects: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 19, no. 1, p. 149–153.

Patten, B.C., 2006, Network perspectives on ecological indicators and actuators—Enfolding, 

observability, and controllability: Ecological Indicators, v. 6, no. 1, p. 6–23.

Pinch, T.J., and Bijker, W.E., 1984, The social construction of facts and artifacts—Or how the 

sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other: Social 

Studies of Science, v. 14, no. 3, p. 399–441.

PNAWPPM-IV, 2001, National avian-wind power planning meeting IV, Carmel, Calif., May 

2000, Proceedings: Washington, D.C., RESOLVE, Inc., 179 p.
289

Ren, H., Gao, W., Zhou, W., and Nakagami, K.i., 2009, Multi-criteria evaluation for the optimal 

adoption of distributed residential energy systems in Japan: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, 

p. 5484–5493.

Reppelin-Hill, V., 1999, Trade and environment—An empirical analysis of the technology effect 

in the steel industry: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 38, no. 3, 

p. 283–301.

Riccitello, D., Robinson, P., Hector, A., Luis, J., Benavides, D., and Hancock, D., 1979, 

Uranium mining and milling—A primer: The Workbook, v. 6, no. 6–7, p. 222–33.

Rose, A., Nakayama, B., and Stevens, B., 1982, Modern energy region development and income 

distribution—An input-output analysis: Journal of Environmental Economics and 

Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 149–164.

Schmidt, R.C., and Marschinski, R., 2009, A model of technological breakthrough in the 

renewable energy sector: Ecological Economics, v. 69, p. 435–444.

Schoots, K., Kramer, G.J., and van der Zwaan, B.C.C., 2010, Technology learning for fuel cells: 

An assessment of past and potential cost reductions: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2887–

2897.

Shen, Y.-C., Lin, G.T.R., Li, K.-P., and Yuan, B.J.C., 2010, An assessment of exploiting 

renewable energy sources with concerns of policy and technology: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 8, p. 4604–4616.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Sims, R.E.H., 2008, Hydropower, geothermal, and ocean energy: Harnessing Materials for 

Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 389–395.

Sivanpillai, R., Prager, S.D., and Storey, T.O., 2009, Estimating sagebrush cover in semi-arid 

environments using Landsat Thematic Mapper data: International Journal of Applied 

Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 11, no. 2, p. 103–107.

Sjardin, M., Damen, K.J., and Faaij, A.P.C., 2006, Techno-economic prospects of small-scale 

membrane reactors in a future hydrogen-fuelled transportation sector: Energy, v. 31, no. 

14, p. 2523–2555.

Smil, V., 2000, Energy in the twentieth century—Resources, conversions, costs, uses, and 

consequences: Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 25, p. 21–51.

Smith, R.A., 2008, Enabling technologies for demand management—Transport: Energy Policy, 

v. 36, no. 12, p. 4444–4448.
290

Solomon, A.A., Faiman, D., and Meron, G., 2010, An energy-based evaluation of the matching 

possibilities of very large photovoltaic plants to the electricity grid—Israel as a case 

study: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5457–5468.

Soroudi, A., and Ehsan, M., 2010, A distribution network expansion planning model considering 

distributed generation options and techo-economical issues: Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 

3364–3374.

Staicovici, M.D., 2002, Further research zero CO2 emission power production—The 

‘COOLENERG’ process: Energy, v. 27, no. 9, p. 831–844.

Steingart, D., Roundy, S., Wright, P.K., Evans, J.W., 2008, Micropower materials development 

for wireless sensor networks: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 408–409.

Stephens, J.C., and Jiusto, S., 2009, Assessing innovation in emerging energy technologies—

Socio-technical dynamics of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced geothermal 

systems (EGS) in the U.S.A.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 2020–2031.

Sueyoshi, T., and Goto, M., 2010, Should the U.S. clean air act include CO2 emission control? 

Examination by data envelopment analysis: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5902–5911.

Suppes, G.J., and Storvick, T., 2007, Sustainable nuclear power: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 

Elsevier Academic Press, 416 p.

Suurs, R.A.A., and Hekkert, M.P., 2009, Competition between first and second generation 

technologies—Lessons from the formation of a biofuels innovation system in the 

Netherlands: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 669–679.

The Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, 2009, Next-generation photon sources for 

grand challenges in science and energy: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 

133 p.

Theo, C., 1995, Pesticides—How research has succeeded and failed to translate science into 

policy: Endocrinological Effects on Wildlife, v. 103, p. 81–85.

Tolbert, V.R., and Wright, L.L., 1998, Environmental enhancement of U.S. biomass crop 

technologies—Research results to date: Biomass & Bioenergy, v. 15, no. 1, p. 93–100.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006, Department of Energy—Key challenges remain 

for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies to meet future needs: 

Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Accountability Office, 73 p.

U.S. Senate, 2005, Energy policy act of 2005: Washington, D.C., U.S. Senate and House of 

Representatives, 551 p.
291

Webler, T., and Tuler, S.P., 2010, Getting the engineering right is not always enough—

Researching the human dimensions of the new energy technologies: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 6, p. 2690–2691.

Weisser, D., 2007, A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply 

technologies: Energy, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1543–1559.

Whittingham, M.S., 2008, Materials challenges facing electrical energy storage: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 411–419.

Xie, K., Li, W., and Zhao, W., 2009, Coal chemical industry and its sustainable development in 

China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4349–4355.

Yankelovich, D., 1982, Changing public attitudes to science and the quality of life—Edited 

excerpts from a seminar: Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 7, no. 39, p. 23–29.

Yetano Roche, M., Mourato, S., Fischedick, M., Pietzner, K., and Viebahn, P., 2010, Public 

attitudes towards and demand for hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles—A review of the 

evidence and methodological implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5301–5310.

Zaaijer, M.B., 2009, Review of knowledge development for the design of offshore wind energy 

technology: Wind Energy, v. 12, no. 5, p. 411–430.

International Research

The resources listed below pertain to research done on every aspect of energy in countries 

outside of the United States. The purpose for this section is to inform readers about the the range 

of research that has been done. Additional value is gained by comparing these sources’ results 

with domestic research—this comparison can guide future energy development.

Abdo, H., 2010, The taxation of U.K. oil and gas production—Why the windfalls got away: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5625–5635.

Ajanovic, A., and Haas, R., 2010, Economic challenges for the future relevance of biofuels in 

transport in E.U. countries: Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 3340–3348.

Amin, M., and Stringer, J., 2008, The electric power grid—Today and tomorrow: Harnessing 

Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 399–407.

Anandarajah, G., and Strachan, N., 2010, Interactions and implications of renewable and climate 

change policy on U.K. energy scenarios: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6724–6735.

Anderson, M., and Gardiner, D. 2007, The future of oil—Energy security, climate risks, and 

market opportunities: Newton, Mass., Civil Society Institute, The Coalition for 

Environmentally Responsible Economies, 29 p.
292

Arnorsson, S., 2004, Environmental impact of geothermal energy utilization, in Giere, R. and 

Stille, P., eds., Energy, waste, and the environment—A geochemical perspective: 

London, Geological Society, p. 297–336.

Arslan, O., 2010, Technoeconomic analysis of electricity generation from wind energy in 

Kutahya, Turkey: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 120–131.

Artha Resources Corporation, 2008, Pure uranium—Focused on the development and mining of 

in situ recoverable deposits: Vancouver, British Columbia, Artha Resources Corporation, 

2 p.

Assefa, G., and Frostell, B., 2007, Social sustainability and social acceptance in technology 

assessment—A case study of energy technologies: Technology in Society, v. 29, no. 1, p. 

63–78.

Ayompe, L.M., Duffy, A., McCormack, S.J., and Conlon, M., 2010, Projected costs of a gridconnected domestic PV system under different scenarios in Ireland, using measured data 

from a trial installation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3731–3743.

Azadeh, A., Saberi, M., and Seraj, O., 2010, An integrated fuzzy regression algorithm for energy 

consumption estimation with non-stationary data—A case study of Iran: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 6, p. 2351–2366.

Baerwald, E.F., Edworthy, J., Holder, M., and Barclay, R., 2009, A large-scale mitigation 

experiment to reduce bat fatalities at wind energy facilities: The Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1077–1081.

Bardati, D.R., and Bourgeois, C., 2008, Barrier to collaborative nature conservation efforts in 

rural energy corridors—A case study in Southern Québec, in International symposium on 

environmental concerns in rights-of-way management, 8th, Saratoga Springs, N.Y., 

September 2004, Proceedings: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier Science, 13 p.

Barros, C.P., Gil-Alana, L.A., and Payne, J.E., 2011, An analysis of oil production by OPEC 

countries—Persistence, breaks, and outliers: Energy Policy, v. 39, no. 1, p. 442–453.

Bellaby, P., 2010, Theme 3—Trust between producers, distributors and regulator: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 6, p. 2642–2643.

Bellaby, P., Eames, M., and Flynn, R., 2010, The role of ‘trust’ in the transition to sustainable 

energy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2613–2614.

Bergek, A., 2010, Leveling the playing field? The influence of national wind power planning 

instruments on conflicts of interests in a Swedish county: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 

2357–2369.
293

Berkes, F., 1981, Some environmental and social impacts of the James Bay hydroelectric project, 

Canada: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 157–172.

Biswas, A., 1984, Energy and agriculture—Their interacting futures—Policy implications of 

global models: Energy Policy, v. 12, no. 4, p. 469–470.

Black, J. 1982, Liquid fuels in Australia—A social-science research perspective: Sydney, 

Australia, Pergamon Press, 266 p.

Blesl, M., Kober, T., Bruchof, D., and Kuder, R., 2010, Effects of climate and energy policy 

related measures and targets on the future structure of the European energy system in 

2020 and beyond: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6278–6292.

Boccard, N., 2010, Economic properties of wind power—A European assessment: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3232–3244.

Borges Neto, M.R., Carvalho, P.C.M., Carioca, J.O.B., and Canafistula, F.J.F., 2010, 

Biogas/photovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4497–4506.

Burch, S., 2010, In pursuit of resilient, low carbon communities—An examination of barriers to 

action in three Canadian cities: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 12, p. 7575–7585.

Butterfield, S., Sheng, S., and Oyague, F., 2009, Wind energy's new role in supplying the world's 

energy—What role will structural health monitoring play?: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 11 p.

Caliskan, H., and Hepbasli, A., 2010, Energy and exergy prices of various energy sources along 

with their CO2 equivalents: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3468–3481.

Castelo Branco, D.A., Gomes, G.L., and Szklo, A.S., 2010, Challenges and technological 

opportunities for the oil refining industry—A Brazilian refinery case: Energy Policy, v. 

38, no. 6, p. 3098–3105.

Chang, Y., Ries, R.J., and Wang, Y., 2010, The embodied energy and environmental emissions 

of construction projects in China—An economic input-output LCA model: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6597–6603.

Chen, W., Li, H., and Wu, Z., 2010, Western China energy development and west to east energy 

transfer—Application of the Western China sustainable energy development model: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7106–7120.

Chen, W., and Xu, R., 2010, Clean coal technology development in China: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2123–2130.
294

Chen, X., Gao, H., Yao, X., Fang, H., Chen, Z., and Xu, Z., 2010, Ecosystem-based assessment

indices of restoration for Daya Bay near a nuclear power plant in South China: 

Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 19, p. 7589–7595. 

Choi, H., and Oh, I., 2010, Analysis of product efficiency of hybrid vehicles and promotion 

policies: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2262–2271.

Ciarreta, A., and Zarraga, A., 2010, Economic growth-electricity consumption causality in 12 

European countries—A dynamic panel data approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3790–3796.

Cinar, D., Kayakutlu, G., and Daim, T., 2010, Development of future energy scenarios with 

intelligent algorithms—Case of hydro in Turkey: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1724–1729.

Coelho, S.T., Bolognini, M.F., Silva, O.C., and Paletta, C.E.M., 1999, Biofuels in Brazil—The 

current situation: Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), The National 

Reference Center on Biomass, 3 p.

Connolly, D., Lund, H., Mathiesen, B.V., and Leahy, M., 2010, Modelling the existing Irish 

energy-system to identify future energy costs and the maximum wind penetration 

feasible: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2164–2173.

Crago, C.L., Khanna, M., Barton, J., Giuliani, E., and Amaral, W., 2010, Competitiveness of 

Brazilian sugarcane ethanol compared to U.S. corn ethanol: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, 

p. 7404–7415.

Curtis, F., 2009, Peak globalization—Climate change, oil depletion and global trade: Ecological 

Economics, v. 69, no. 2, p. 427–434.

Dargay, J.M., Gately, D., and Huntington, H.G., 2007, Price and income responsiveness of world 

oil demand by product—Energy modeling forum: Stanford, Calif., Stanford University, 

33 p.

Davies, R., 1984, The Sizewell B nuclear inquiry—An analysis of public participation in 

decision-making about nuclear power: Science, Technology, & Human Values, v. 9, no. 

3, p. 21–32.

Denny, E., Tuohy, A., Meibom, P., Keane, A., Flynn, D., Mullane, A., and O'Malley, M., 2010, 

The impact of increased interconnection on electricity systems with large penetrations of 

wind generation—A case study of Ireland and Great Britain: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, 

p. 6946–6954.

Ducrotoy, J.P., and Elliott, M., 2008, The science and management of the North Sea and the 

Baltic Sea—Natural history, present threats and future challenges: Marine Pollution 

Bulletin, v. 57, no. 1-5, p. 8–21.
295

Dutta, M., and Mukherjee, S., 2010, An outlook into energy consumption in large scale 

industries in India—The cases of steel, aluminium, and cement: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 

11, p. 7286–7298.

Dyer, J.A., Kulshreshtha, S.N., McConkey, B.G., and Desjardins, R.L., 2010, An assessment of 

fossil fuel energy use and CO2 emissions from farm field operations using a regional 

level crop and land use database for Canada: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2261–2269.

Elena, G.-d.-C., and Esther, V., 2010, From water to energy—The virtual water content and 

water footprint of biofuel consumption in Spain: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1345–

1352.

Energy Analysis Program, 1998, Current work in energy analysis—Energy analysis program—

1996 annual report: Calif., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 51 p.

Fang, H., Wu, J., and Zeng, C., 2009, Comparative study on efficiency performance of listed 

coal mining companies in China and the U.S.: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5140–

5148.

Farfán, M.A., Vargas, J.M., Duarte, J., and Real, R., 2009, What is the impact of wind farms on 

birds? A case study in southern Spain: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 18, no. 14, p. 

3743–3758.

Foidart, F., Oliver-Solá, J., Gasol, C.M., Gabarrell, X., and Rieradevall, J., 2010, How important 

are current energy mix choices on future sustainability? Case study—Belgium and 

Spain—Projections towards 2020–2030: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5028–5037.

Garg, A., and Shukla, P.R., 2009, Coal and energy security for India—Role of carbon dioxide 

(CO2), capture and storage (CCS): Energy, v. 34, no. 8, p. 1032–1041.

Garribba, S.F., 1991, Prospects for international collaboration on energy technology and role of 

the IEA: Solar Energy Materials, v. 24, no. 1-4, p. 4–17.

Gaucherel, C., Griffon, S., Mission, L., and Houet, T., 2010, Combining process-based models 

for future biomass assessment at landscape scale: Landscape Ecology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 

201–215.

Gautam, S., Pulkki, R., Shahi, C., and Leitch, M., 2010, Economic and energy efficiency of 

salvaging biomass from wildfire burnt areas for bioenergy production in northwestern 

Ontario—A case study: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 34, p. 1562–1572.

Ghosh, S., 2010, High speed diesel consumption and economic growth in India: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 4, p. 1794–1798.
296

Girod, B., and de Haan, P., 2009, GHG reduction potential of changes in consumption patterns 

and higher quality levels—Evidence from Swiss household consumption survey: Energy 

Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5650–5661.

GLOBE Foundation, 2006, The endless energy project—A blueprint for complete energy selfsufficiency in British Columbia: Vancouver, British Columbia, GLOBE Foundation, 62 

p.

Gnansounou, E., and Dong, J., 2010, Vulnerability of the economy to the potential disturbances 

of energy supply—A logic-based model with application to the case of China: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2846–2857.

Goldemberg, J., and Prado, L.T., 2010, The “decarbonization” of the world’s energy matrix: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3274–3276.

Gómez, A., Zubizarreta, J., Dopazo, C., and Fueyo, N., 2011, Spanish energy roadmap to 2020—

Socioeconomic implications of renewable targets: Energy, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1973–1985. 

Gross, C., 2007, Community perspectives of wind energy in Australia—The application of a 

justice and community fairness framework to increase social acceptance: Energy Policy, 

v. 35, no. 5, p. 2727–2736.

Grubler, A., 2010, The costs of the French nuclear scale-up—A case of negative learning by 

doing: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5174–5188.

Guillemette, M., Larsen, J.K., and Clausager, I., 1998, Impact assessment of an off–shore wind 

park on sea ducks: NERI Technical Report, Ministry of Environment and Energy, 

National Environmental Research Institute, v. 227, 61 p.

Hassan, G., 2005, Community benefits from wind power—A study of U.K. practice and

comparison with leading European countries: Centre for Sustainable Energy, 103 p.

Havas, M., 2002, Intensity of electric and magnetic fields from power lines within the business 

district of 60 Ontario communities: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 298, no. 1-

3, p. 183–206.

He, K., Lei, Y., Pan, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., and Chen, D., 2010, Co-benefits from energy 

policies in China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4265–4272.

Hiroux, C., and Saguan, M., 2010, Large-scale wind power in European electricity markets—

Time for revisiting support schemes and market designs?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3135–3145.

Hoogwijk, M., Faaij, A., van den Broek, R., Berndes, G., Gielen, D., and Turkenburg, W., 2003, 

Exploration of the ranges of the global potential of biomass for energy: Biomass and 

Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 119–133.
297

Hotz, M.C.B., 1981, Resources and development—Trying to close the gap responsibly: 

Mazingira, v. 5, no. 2, p. 52–61.

Hughes, L., 2010, Eastern Canadian crude oil supply and its implications for regional energy 

security: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2692–2699.

Iorgulescu, R.I., and Polimeni, J.M., 2009, A multi-scale integrated analysis of the energy use in 

Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, and Hungary: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 341–347.

Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., 1999, Avian electrocution on power poles—European experiences, 

in Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., eds., Birds and power lines—Collisions, electrocution, 

and breeding: Madrid, Spain, Quercus Publishing Co., p. 145–164.

Jin, H., Xu, G., Han, W., Gao, L., and Li, Z., 2010, Sustainable development of energy systems 

for western China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4313–4318.

Jobert, A., Laborgne, P., and Mimler, S., 2007, Local acceptance of wind energy—Factors of 

success identified in French and German case studies: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 

2751–2760.

Johnston, J.C., 1984, Making use of renewable energy: Harare, Zimbabwe, Professional 

Conferences Zimbabwe Ltd., 139 p.

Kellogg, R., and Wolff, H., 2008, Daylight time and energy—Evidence from an Australian 

experiment: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 207–

220.

Khadse, A., Qayyumi, M., Mahajani, S., and Aghalayam, P., 2007, Underground coal 

gasification—A new clean coal utilization technique for India: Energy, v. 32, no. 11, p. 

2061–2071.

Kikuchi, R., 2006, Penetration of hydrogen-based energy system and its potential for causing 

global environmental change—Scoping risk analysis based on life cycle thinking: 

Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 26, no. 2, p. 206–218.

Kretzschmar, G.L., and Sharifzyanova, L., 2010, Limits to international diversification in oil and

gas—Domestic vs. foreign asset control: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 468–477.

Kumar, U., and Jain, V.K., 2010, Time series models (Grey-Markov, Grey Model with rolling 

mechanism and singular spectrum analysis) to forecast energy consumption in India: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1709–1716.

Kydd, A.H., 2010, Learning together, growing apart—Global warming—Energy policy and 

international trust: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2675–2680.
298

Labandeira, X., Labeaga, J.M., and Rodriguez, M., 2009, An integrated economic and 

distributional analysis of energy policies: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5776–5786.

Le Billon, P., and Cervantes, A., 2009, Oil prices, scarcity, and geographies of war: Annals of 

the Association of American Geographers, v. 99, no. 5, p. 836–844.

Lee, S.K., Mogi, G., and Jong Wook, K., 2009, Energy technology roadmap for the next 10 

years—The case of Korea: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 2, p. 588–596.

Lesage, D., Van de Graaf, T., and Westphal, K., 2010, G8+5 collaboration on energy efficiency 

and IPEEC—Shortcut to a sustainable future?: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6419–

6427.

Li, Z., 2010, Quantitative analysis of sustainable energy strategies in China: Energy Policy, v. 

38, no. 5, p. 2149–2160.

Lockie, S., Franettovich, M., Petkova–Timmer, V., Rolfe, J., and Ivanova, G., 2009, Coal mining 

and the resource community cycle—A longitudinal assessment of the social impacts of 

the Coppabella coal mine: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 29, no. 5, p. 

330–339.

Lund, H., and Mathiesen, B.V., 2009, Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy 

systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 524–531.

Malik, A., and Al-Badi, A.H., 2009, Economics of wind turbines as an energy fuel saver—A 

case study for remote application in Oman: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1573–1578.

Manners, G., 1992, Unresolved conflicts in Australian mineral and energy resource policies: The 

Geographical Journal, v. 158, p. 129–144.

Marques, A.C., Fuinhas, J.A., and Pires Manso, J.R., 2010, Motivations driving renewable 

energy in European countries—A panel data approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 

6877–6885.

Martínez, A., Uche, J., and Valero-Delgado, A., 2010, Environmental costs of a river watershed 

within the European water framework directive—Results from physical hydronomics: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 1008–1016.

Mason, I.G., Page, S.C., and Williamson W.G., 2010, A 100% renewable electricity generation 

system for New Zealand utilizing hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass resources: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 3973–3984.

McLachlan, C., 2009, ‘You don't do a chemistry experiment in your best china’—Symbolic 

interpretations of place and technology in a wave energy case: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 

12, p. 5342–5350.
299

Mehrara, M., 2007, Energy consumption and economic growth—The case of oil exporting 

countries: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2939–2945.

Meyer, N.I., 2007, Learning from wind energy policy in the E.U.—Lessons from Denmark, 

Sweden, and Spain: European Environment, v. 17, p. 347–362.

Milner, S., Bailey, C., Deans, J., and Pettigrew, D., 2005, Integrated impact assessment in the 

U.K.?—Use, efficacy and future development: Environmental Impact Assessment 

Review, v. 25, no. 1, p. 47–61.

Mitchell, C., and Woodman, B., 2010, Towards trust in regulation—Moving to a public value 

regulation: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2644–2651.

Monforti, F., and Szikszai, A., 2010, A Monte Carlo approach for assessing the adequacy of the 

European gas transmission system under supply crisis conditions: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2486–2498.

Moran, D., and Sherrington, C., 2007, An economic assessment of windfarm power generation in 

Scotland including externalities: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2811–2825.

Most, D., and Fichtner, W., 2010, Renewable energy sources in European energy supply and 

interactions with emission trading: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2898–2910.

Möst, D., and Perlwitz, H., 2009, Prospects of gas supply until 2020 in Europe and its relevance 

for the power sector in the context of emission trading: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1510–

1522.

Newbery, D., 2010, Market design for a large share of wind power: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, 

p. 3131–3134.

Nye, J.S., 1980, Energy nightmares: Foreign Policy, v. 40, p. 132–154.

Palazuelos, E., 2010, The role of transnational companies as oil suppliers to the United States: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4064–4075.

Parikh, K.S., Karandikar, V., Rana, A., and Dani, P., 2009, Projecting India's energy 

requirements for policy formulation: Energy, v. 34, no. 8, p. 928–941.

Park, S., Lee, S.,Jeong, S.J., Song, H.-J., and Park, J.-W., 2010, Assessment of CO2 emissions 

and its reduction potential in the Korean petroleum refining industry using energyenvironment models: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2419–2429.

Pointvogl, A, 2009, Perceptions, realities, concession—What is driving the integration of 

European energy policies?: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5704–5716.
300

Psiloglou, B.E., Giannakopoulos, C., Majithia, S., and Petrakis, M., 2009, Factors affecting 

electricity demand in Athens, Greece and London, U.K.—A comparative assessment: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 11, p. 1855–1863.

Qudrat-Ullah, H., and Seo Seong, B., 2010, How to do structural validity of a system dynamics 

type simulation model—The case of an energy policy model: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, 

p. 2216–2224.

Raj, B., Vijayalakshmi, M., Vasudeva Rao, P.R., and Rao, K.B.S., 2008, Challenges in materials 

research for sustainable nuclear energy: Harnessing Materials for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p.

327–337.

Raukas, A., and Punning, J.-M., 2009, Environmental problems in the Estonian oil shale 

industry: Energy & Environmental Sciences, v. 7, p. 723–728.

Ren, H., Gao, W., Zhou, W., and Nakagami, K.i., 2009, Multi-criteria evaluation for the optimal 

adoption of distributed residential energy systems in Japan: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, 

p. 5484–5493.

Roques, F., Hiroux, C., and Saguan, M., 2010, Optimal wind power deployment in Europe—A 

portfolio approach: Energy Policy, v 38, no. 7, p. 3245–3256.

Rosas-Flores, J.A., and Gálvez, D.M., 2010, What goes up—Recent trends in Mexican 

residential energy use: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2596–2602.

Rowlands, I.H., and Jernigan, C., 2008, Wind power in Ontario—Its contribution to the 

electricity grid: Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 28, p. 436–453.

Rusche, T.M., 2010, The European climate change program—An evaluation of stakeholder 

involvement and policy achievements: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 6349–6359.

Saidur, R., Rahim, N.A., Masjuki, H.H., Mehilef, S., Ping, H.W., and Jamaluddin, M.F., 2009, 

End-use energy analysis in the Malaysian industrial sector: Energy, v. 34, no. 2, p. 153–

158.

Salvarli, H., 2009, For sustainable development—Some aspects on energy and environment in 

Turkey: Energy Sources Part B—Economics, Planning and Policy, v. 4, no. 4, p. 356–

364.

Santos, M., Bastos, R.,Travassos, P., Bessa, R., Repas, M., and Cabral, A.J., 2009, Predicting the 

trends of vertebrate species richness as a response to wind farms installation in mountain 

ecosystems of Northwest Portugal: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 2, p. 192–205.

Savvanidou, E., Zervas, E., and Tsagarakis, K.P., 2010, Public acceptance of biofuels: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3482–3488.
301

Scrase, J.I., and Ockwell, D.G., 2010, The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in 

sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2225–2233.

Sharman, H., 2005, Why wind power works for Denmark: Civil Engineering, v. 158, p. 66–72.

Shealy, M., and Dorian, J.P., 2009, Growing Chinese coal use—Dramatic resource and 

environmental implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2116–2122.

Shova, T., and Hubacek, K., 2011, Drivers of illegal resource extraction—An analysis of Bardia 

National Park, Nepal: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 1, p. 156–164.

Shultz, E.B., and Morgan, R.P., 1984, Fuels and chemicals from oilseeds—Technology and 

policy options: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press for the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science, 254 p.

Simmonds, J.R., and Linsley, G.S., 1981, Dynamic modeling system for the transfer of 

radioactivity in terrestrial food chains: Nuclear Safety, v. 22, no. 6, p. 766–777.

Soboyejo, W., and Taylor, R., 2008, Off-grid solar for rural development: Harnessing Materials 

for Energy, v. 33, no. 4, p. 368–371.

Söderbergh, B., Jakobsson, K., and Aleklett, K., 2009, European energy security—The future of 

Norwegian natural gas production: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5037–5055.

Solomon, A.A., Faiman, D., and Meron, G., 2010, An energy-based evaluation of the matching 

possibilities of very large photovoltaic plants to the electricity grid—Israel as a case 

study: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5457–5468.

Sorda, G., Banse, M., and Kemfert, C., 2010, An overview of biofuel policies across the world: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6977–6988.

Sovacool, B.K., 2010, A comparative analysis of renewable electricity support mechanisms for 

Southeast Asia: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1779–1793.

Soytas, U., Sari, R., Hammoudeh, S., and Hacihasanoglu, E., 2009, World oil prices, precious 

metal prices and macroeconomy in Turkey: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5557–5566.

Strachan, P.A., Lal, D., and Malmborg, F.V., 2005, The evolving U.K. wind energy industry—

Critical policy and management aspects of the emerging research agenda: European 

Environment, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1–18.

Sustainable Development Commission, 2006, Wind Power in the U.K.—A guide to the key 

issues surrounding onshore wind power development in the U.K.: Sustainable 

Development Commission, 174 p.
302

Suurs, R.A.A., and Hekkert, M.P., 2009, Competition between first and second generation 

technologies—Lessons from the formation of a biofuels innovation system in the 

Netherlands: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 669–679.

Tao, Z., 2010, Scenarios of China's oil consumption per capita (OCPC) using a hybrid factor 

decomposition-system dynamics (SD) simulation: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 168–180.

Taylor, P.G., d’Ortigue, O.L., Francoeur, M., and Trudeau, N., 2010, Final energy use in IEA 

countries—The role of energy efficiency: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 6463–6474.

Torriti, J., Hassan, M.G., and Leach, M., 2010, Demand response experience in Europe—

Policies, programs and implementation: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1575–1583.

The African Union, 2006, Fueling Africa's sustainable development—The oil and gas 

perspectives: Cairo, Egypt, The African Development Bank and The African Union, 29 p.

The European Commission, 2003, External costs—Research results on socio-environmental 

damages due to electricity and transport: Belgium, Netherlands, European Commission, 

28 p.

Tsikata, M., and Sebitosi, A.B., 2010, Struggling to wean a society away from a century-old 

legacy of coal based power—Challenges and possibilities for South African electric 

supply future: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1281–1288.

United Kingdom. Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, 2008, Renewable 

energy, awareness and attitudes research: London, Department for Business Enterprise 

and Regulatory Reform, 21 p.

Valentine, S., 2010, Braking wind in Australia—A critical evaluation of the renewable energy 

target: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3668–3675.

Valentine, S.V., 2009, Canada’s constitutional separation of (wind) power: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 4, p. 1918–1930.

Valero, A., Uche, J., Valero, A., and Martinez, A., 2009, Physical hydronomics—Application of 

the exergy analysis to the assessment of environmental costs of water bodies—The case 

of the inland basins of Catalonia: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2101–2107.

Vivoda, V., 2010, Evaluating energy security in the Asia-Pacific region—A novel 

methodological approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5258–5263.

Vogel, E., 2008, Regional power and the power of the region—Resistance to dam removal in the 

Pacific Northwest in Goodman, M.K., Boykoff, M.T., and Evered, K.T., eds.,

Contentious Geographies—Environmental Knowledge, Meaning, Scale: Surrey, 

UNITED KINGDOM, Ashgate Publishing Company, p. 165–217.
303

Vogler, J., 2010, The institutionalization of trust in the international climate regime: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2681–2687.

Wang, B., Kocaoglu, D.F., Daim, T.U., and Yang, J., 2010, A decision model for energy 

resource selection in China: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7130–7141.

Wang, Y., 2010, The analysis of the impacts of energy consumption on environment and public 

health in China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4473–4479. 

Watson, J., and Scott, A., 2009, New nuclear power in the U.K.—A strategy for energy 

security?: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5094–5104.

Weber, C., 2010, Adequate intraday market design to enable the integration of wind energy into 

the European power systems: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3155–3163.

Wise, M., Kyle, G.P., Dooley, J.J., and Kim, S.H., 2010, The impact of electric passenger 

transport technology under an economy-wide climate policy in the United States—

Carbon dioxide emissions, coal use, and carbon dioxide capture and storage: International 

Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 4, no. 2, p. 301–308.

Won, C., 2009, Valuation of investments in natural resources using contingent-claim framework 

with application to bituminous coal developments in Korea: Energy, v. 34, no. 9, p.

1215–1224.

World Energy Council, 2008, Assessment of energy policy and practices: London, World Energy 

Council, 24 p.

Xie, K., Li, W., and Zhao, W., 2010, Coal chemical industry and its sustainable development in 

China: Energy, v. 35, no. 11, p. 4349–4355.

Yang, P.Y., Zhao, L.Y., and Liu, Z.L., 2010, Influences of new socialist countryside construction 

on the energy strategy of China and the countermeasures: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 698–

702.

Yih-Liang Chan, D., Yang, K.-H., Lee, J.-D., and Hong, G.-B., 2010, The case study of furnace 

use and energy conservation in iron and steel industry: Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1665–

1670.

Yu, X., 2010, An overview of legislative and institutional approaches to China’s energy 

development: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2161–2167.

Yuan, C., Liu, S., and Xie, N., 2010, The impact on Chinese economic growth and energy 

consumption of the global financial crisis—An input-output analysis: Energy, v. 35, no. 

4, p. 1805–1812.
304

Zhang, L., and Huang, Z., 2007, Life cycle study of coal-based dimethyl ether as vehicle fuel for 

urban bus in China: Energy, v. 32, no. 10, p. 1896–1904.

Zhu, L., and Fan, Y., 2010, Optimization of China's generating portfolio and policy implications 

based on portfolio theory: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1391–1402.

Methods and Modeling

The sources cited below cover a range of methods and modeling that has occurred (or is 

discussed as needing to occur) to better understand the dynamics of energy development and use, 

the natural landscape, and the human landscape. The range of methods and modeling discussed 

in the sources includes optimization models, presenting future scenarios, risk modeling, 

integrated modeling, and methods for specific research (such as habitat studies). 

Al-Ghandoor, A., Phelan, P.E., Villalobos, R., and Jaber, J.O., 2010, Energy and exergy 

utilizations of the U.S. manufacturing sector: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 3048–3065.

Aloui, C., and Mabrouk, S., 2010, Value-at-risk estimations of energy commodities via longmemory, asymmetry and fat-tailed GARCH models: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2326–

2339.

Askari, H., and Krichene, N., 2010, An oil demand and supply model incorporating monetary 

policy: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2013–2021.

Azadeh, A., Saberi, M., and Seraj, O., 2010, An integrated fuzzy regression algorithm for energy 

consumption estimation with non-stationary data—A case study of Iran: Energy, v. 35, 

no. 6, p. 2351–2366.

Babiuch, W.M., and Farhar, B.C., 1994, Stakeholder analysis methodologies resource book: 

Golden, Colo., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 103 p.

Bartleet, M., and Grounder, R., 2010, Energy consumption and economic growth in New 

Zealand—Results of trivariate and multivariate models: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 

3508–3517.

Bellaby, P., 2010, Theme 1—Concepts of trust and methods for investigating it: Energy Policy, 

v. 38, no. 6, p. 2615–2616.

Birge, J.R., and Rosa, C.H., 1996, Incorporating investment uncertainty into greenhouse policy 

models: Energy Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 79–90.

Biswas, A., 1984, Energy and agriculture—Their interacting futures—Policy implications of 

global models: Energy Policy, v. 12, no. 4, p. 469–470.
305

Blair, N., Jenkin, T., Milford, J., Short, W., Sullivan, P., Evans, D., Lieberman, E., Goldstein, G., 

Evelyn, W., Jayaraman, K., Venkatesh, B., Kleiman, G., Namovicz, C., Smith, B., 

Palmer, K., Wiser, R., and Wood, F., 2009, Renewable energy and efficiency modeling 

analysis partnership (REMAP)—An analysis of how different energy models addressed a 

common high renewable energy penetration scenario in 2025: Golden, Colo., National 

Renewable Energy Laboratory, 111 p.

Bollen, J., Hers, S., and Zwaan, B., 2009, An integrated assessment of climate change, air 

pollution, and energy security policy: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4021–4030.

Brandt, A.R., Plevin, R.J., and Farrell, A.E., 2010, Dynamics of the oil transition—Modeling 

capacity, depletion, and emissions: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2852–2860.

Brown, M.T., and Vivas, M.B., 2005, Landscape development intensity index: Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment, v. 101, no. 1-3, p. 289–309.

Bryan, B.A., Crossman, N.D., King, D., and Meyer, W.S., 2010, Landscape futures analysis—

Assessing the impacts of environmental targets under alternative spatial policy options 

and future scenarios: Environmental Modeling & Software, v. 26, p. 83–91.

Burger, J., 2008, Environmental management—Integrating ecological evaluation, remediation, 

restoration, natural resource damage assessment and long-term stewardship on 

contaminated lands: Science of the Total Environment, v. 400, no. 1-3, p. 6–19.

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Kosson, D.S., Powers, C.W., Friedlander, B., Eichelberger, J., Barnes, 

D., Duffy, L.K., Jewett, S.C., and Volz, C.D., 2005, Science, policy, and stakeholders—

Developing a consensus science plan for Amchitka Island, Aleutians, Alaska: 

Environmental Management, v. 35, no. 5, p. 557–568.

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Powers, C.W., Kosson, D.S., Halverson, J., Siekaniec, G., Morkill, A., 

Patrick, R., Duffy, L.K., and Barnes, D., 2007, Scientific research, stakeholders, and 

policy—Continuing dialogue during research on radionuclides on Amchitka Island, 

Alaska: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 85, no. 1, p. 232–244.

Burnett, R.A., and Fraley, D.W., 1977, Description and comparison of energy impact assessment 

models: Richland, Wash., Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 97 p.

Cantore, N., and Padilla. E., 2010, Equality and CO2 emissions distribution in climate change 

integrated assessment modeling: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 298–313.

Carazas, F.G., and Souza, G.F.M., 2010, Risk-based decision making method for maintenance 

policy selection of thermal power plant equipment: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 964–975.

Carpio, L.G.T., and Margueron, M.V., 2007, Decision-making process under uncertainty in 

international investments in petroleum exploration and production—Multicriteria 

approach: Energy Exploration & Exploitation, v. 25, no. 5, p. 339–356.
306

Chicco, G., and Mancarella, P., 2009, Matrix modelling of small-scale trigeneration systems and 

application to operational optimization: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 261–273.

Clark, E.M., and Van Horn, A.J., 1976, Risk-benefit analysis and public policy—A bibliography: 

Upton, N.Y., Brookhaven National Laboratory, 81 p.

Cloquell-Ballester, V.-A., Monterde-Díaz, R., Cloquell-Ballester, V.-A., and SantamarinaSiurana, M.-C., 2007, Systematic comparative and sensitivity analyses of additive and 

outranking techniques for supporting impact significance assessments: Environmental 

Impact Assessment Review, v. 27, no. 1, p. 62–83.

Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform Energy Policy, 

2007, Coal—Research and development to support national energy policy: Washington, 

D.C., Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform 

Energy Policy, National Academies Press, 183 p.

Connolly, D., Lund, H., Mathiesen, B.V., and Leahy, M., 2010, Modelling the existing Irish 

energy-system to identify future energy costs and the maximum wind penetration 

feasible: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2164–2173.

Crow, J.F., 1981, Comparison of energy risks: Proceedings of the American Philosophical 

Society, v. 125, no. 4, 8 p.

Cuppen, E., Breukers, S., Hisschemöller, M., and Bergsma, E., 2009, Q methodology to select 

participants for a stakeholder dialogue on energy options from biomass in the 

Netherlands: Ecological Economics, v. 69, p. 579–591.

Curry, M., and Greene, M., 1976, Program plan for performing social impact assessment—A 

case study of coal development in the Powder River region: Richland, Wash., Battelle 

Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 68 p.

Dahowski, R.T., and Dooley, J.J., 2004, Carbon management strategies for U.S. electricity 

generation capacity—A vintage-based approach: Energy, v. 29, no. 9–10, p. 1589–1598.

Daniels, J.I., Anspaugh, L.R., and Ricker, Y.E., 1981, Technology assessment—Environmental, 

health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from U.S. tar-sand deposits: 

Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 146 p.

Delzeit, R., and Holm-Müller, K., 2009, Steps to discern sustainability criteria for a certification 

scheme of bioethanol in Brazil—Approach and difficulties: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 662–

668.

Domenichini, R., Gallio, M., and Lazzaretto, A., 2010, Combined production of hydrogen and 

power from heavy oil gasification—Pinch analysis, thermodynamic and economic 

evaluations: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2184–2193.
307

Dunn, S., 2002, Micropower—New variable in the energy-environment-security equation: 

Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, v. 22, p. 72–86.

Eckstein, L., Northrop, G., and D’Ambra, C.A., 1980, Final report on the development of 

environmental guidelines for the selection of sites for fossil energy conversion 

facilities—Criteria for the development and use of the methodology for 

environmentally—Acceptable fossil energy site evaluation and selection: Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, 289 p.

Elcock, D., 2007, Life-cycle thinking for the oil and gas exploration and production industry: 

Argonne, Ill., Argonne National Laboratory, 160 p.

Fan, L., Hobbs, B.F., and Norman, C.S., 2010, Risk aversion and CO2 regulatory uncertainty in 

power generation investment—Policy and modeling implications: Journal of 

Environmental Economics and Management, v. 60, no. 3, p. 193–208.

Farrell, K.N., and Mayumi, K., 2009, Time horizons and electricity futures—An application of 

Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen's general theory of economic production: Energy, v. 34, no. 

3, p. 301–307.

Frigerio, N.A., Habegger, L.J., King, R.F., Hoover, L.J., Clark, N.A., and Cobian, J.M., 1975, 

SITE—A methodology for assessment of energy facility siting patterns: Argonne, Ill., 

Argonne National Laboratory, 116 p.

Gassner, M., and Maréchal F., 2009, Thermodynamic comparison of the FICFB and Viking 

gasification concepts: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1744–1753.

Gaucherel, C., Griffon, S., Mission, L., and Houet, T., 2010, Combining process-based models 

for future biomass assessment at landscape scale: Landscape Ecology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 

201–215.

Gerboni, R., and Salvador, E., 2009, Hydrogen transportation systems—Elements of risk 

analysis: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2223–2229.

Girardin, L., Marechal, F., Dubuis, M., Darbellay, N., and Favrat, D., 2010, EnerGis—A 

geographical information based system for the evaluation of integrated energy conversion 

systems in urban areas: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 830–840.

Gnansounou, E., and Dong, J., 2010, Vulnerability of the economy to the potential disturbances 

of energy supply—A logic-based model with application to the case of China: Energy 

Policy, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2846–2857.

Goerold, W.T., 1987, Environmental and petroleum resource conflicts—A simulation model to 

determine the benefits of petroleum production in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 

Alaska: Materials and Society, v. 11, p. 279–307.
308

Gray, R.H., 1997, A description of long-term environmental monitoring and assessment 

programs at two U.S. Department of Energy sites: Water Environment Research, v. 69, 

no. 5, p. 1015–1021.

Greenberger, M., and Richels, R., 1979, Assessing energy policy models—Current state and 

future directions: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, p. 467–500.

Gutiérrez–Alcaraz, G., and Sheblé, G.B., 2009, Modeling energy market dynamics using discrete 

event system simulation: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1467–1476.

Hainoun, A., Almoustafa, A., and Aldin, M.S., 2010, Estimating the health damage costs of 

syrian electricity generation system using impact pathway approach: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, 

p. 628–638.

Hartman, R. S., 1979, Frontiers in energy demand modeling: Annual Review of Energy, v. 4, no. 

4, p. 33–66.

Hobbs, B. F., Bushnell, J., and Wolak, F.A. 2010, Upstream vs. downstream CO2 trading—A 

comparison for the electricity context: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3632–3643.

Hoen, B., 2006, Impacts of windmill visibility on property values in Madison County, New 

York: Hudson, N.Y., Bard Center for Environmental Policy, 73 p.

Hull, C.L., and Muir, S., 2010, Search areas for monitoring bird and bat carcasses at wind farms 

using a Monte-Carlo model: Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, v. 17, 

p. 77–87.

Jackson, J., 2010, Improving energy efficiency and smart grid program analysis with agent-based 

end-use forecasting models: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3771–3780.

Jacobsen, J.J., 1975, Dynamic analysis of the environmental and social impacts of coal 

development in the Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming, 1960 to 2010: Richland, 

Wash., Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 23 p.

Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., 1999, Avian electrocution on power poles—European experiences, 

in Janss, G.F.E., and Ferrer, M., eds., Birds and power lines—Collisions, electrocution, 

and breeding: Madrid, Spain, Quercus Publishing Co., p. 145–164.

Just, J., and Lave, L., 1979, Review of scenarios of future U.S. energy use: Annual Review of 

Energy, v. 4, p. 501–536. 

Karamarkovic, R., and Karamarkovic, V., 2010, Energy and exergy analysis of biomass 

gasification at different temperatures: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 537–549.
309

Kaya, T., and Kahraman, C., 2010, Multicriteria renewable energy planning using an integrated 

fuzzy VIKOR and AHP methodology—The case of Istanbul: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 

2517–2527.

Keppo, I., and Strubegger, M., 2010, Short term decisions for long term problems—The effect of 

foresight on model based energy systems analysis: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2033–2042.

Kerschner, C., and Hubacek, K., 2009, Assessing the suitability of input-output analysis for 

enhancing our understanding of potential economic effects of peak oil: Energy, v. 34, no. 

3, p. 284–290.

Khadse, A., Qayyumi, M., Mahajani, S., and Aghalayam, P., 2007, Underground coal 

gasification—A new clean coal utilization technique for India: Energy, v. 32, no. 11, p. 

2061–2071.

Kickert, R.N., Tonella, G., Simonov, A., and Krupa, S.V., 1999, Predictive modeling of effects 

under global change: Environmental Pollution, v. 100, no. 1-3, p. 87–132.

Kim, D.J., 2010, A new thermoeconomic methodology for energy systems: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, 

p. 410–422.

Kiviluoma, J., and Meibom, P., 2010, Influence of wind power, plug-in electric vehicles, and 

heat storages on power system investments: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1244–1255.

Koeppel, G., and Andersson, G., 2009, Reliability modeling of multi-carrier energy systems: 

Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 235–244.

Korre, A., Nie, Z.G., and Durucan, S., 2010, Life cycle modelling of fossil fuel power generation 

with post-combustion CO2 capture: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 

4, no. 2, p. 289–300.

Kort, E.A., Andrews, A.E., Dlugokencky, E., Sweeney, C., Hirsch, A., Eluszkiewicz, J., 

Nehrkorn, T., Michalak, A., Stephens, B., Gerbig, C., Miller, J.B., Kaplan, J., Houweling, 

S., Daube, B.C., Tans, P., and Wofsy, S.C., 2010, Atmospheric constraints on 2004 

emissions of methane and nitrous oxide in North America from atmospheric 

measurements and a receptor-oriented modeling framework: Journal of Integrative 

Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 125–133.

Kräupl, S., and Wieckert, C., 2007, Economic evaluation of the solar carbothermic reduction of 

ZnO by using a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis: Energy, v. 32, 

no. 7, p. 1134–1147.

Kumar, U., and Jain, V.K., 2010, Time series models (Grey-Markov, Grey Model with rolling 

mechanism and singular spectrum analysis) to forecast energy consumption in India: 

Energy, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1709–1716.
310

Kunz, T., Arnett, E., Cooper, B., Erickson, W., Larkin, R., Mabee, T., Morrison, M., Dale 

Strickland, M., and Szewczak, J., 2007, Assessing impacts of wind-energy development 

on nocturnally active birds and bats—A guidance document: Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2449–2486.

Kusiak, A., and Zheng, H., 2010, Optimization of wind turbine energy and power factor with an 

evolutionary computation algorithm: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1324–1332.

Larsson, T., and Wene, C.O., 1993, Developing strategies for robust energy systems: 

International Journal of Energy Research, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1–12.

Leckner, M., and Zmeureanu, R., 2011, Life cycle cost and energy analysis of a net-zero energy 

house with solar combisystem: Applied Energy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 232–241.

Leistritz, F.L., and Murdock, S.H., 1981, Socio-economic impact of resource development—

Methods for assessment: Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 303 p.

Lejeune, P., and Feltz, C., 2008, Development of a decision support system for setting up a wind 

energy policy across the Walloon region (Southern Belgium): Renewable Energy, v. 33, 

no. 11, p. 2416–2422.

Li, Z., 2010, Quantitative analysis of sustainable energy strategies in China: Energy Policy, v. 

38, no. 5, p. 2149–2160.

Lin, Q.G., and Huang, G.H., 2010, An inexact two-stage stochastic energy systems planning 

model for managing greenhouse gas emission at a municipal level: Energy, v. 35, no. 5, 

p. 2270–2280.

López, I., Rodríguez, J., Burón, J.M., and García, A., 2009, A methodology for evaluating 

environmental impacts of railway freight transportation policies: Energy Policy, v. 37, 

no. 12, p. 5393–5398.

Lund, H., and Mathiesen, B.V., 2009, Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy 

systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 524–531.

Lund, P.D., 2010, Exploring past energy changes and their implications for the pace of 

penetration of new energy technologies: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 647–656.

Ma, T., and Nakamori, Y., 2009, Modeling technological change in energy systems—From 

optimization to agent-based modeling: Energy, v. 34, no. 7, p. 873–879.

Markandya, A., and Pemberton, M., 2009, Energy security—Energy modelling and uncertainty: 

Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1609–1613.
311

Mirzaesmaeeli, H., Elkamel, A., Sirikitputtisak, T., Douglas, P.L., Croiset, E., and Gupta, M., 

2009, A multi-period optimization model for energy planning with CO2 emission 

consideration: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 91, no. 5, p. 1063–1070.

Mohapatra, D.K., and Mohanakrishnan, P., 2010, A methodology for the assessment of nuclear 

power development scenario: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 8, p. 4330–4338.

Monforti, F., and Szikszai, A., 2010, A Monte Carlo approach for assessing the adequacy of the 

European gas transmission system under supply crisis conditions: Energy Policy, v. 38, 

no. 5, p. 2486–2498.

Mori, S., and Saito, T., 2004, Potentials of hydrogen and nuclear towards global warming 

mitigation—Expansion of an integrated assessment model MARIA and simulations: 

Energy Economics, v. 26, no. 4, p. 565–578.

Morin, R.H., 2005, Geophysical log analysis, part 1 of Hydrologic properties of coal beds in the 

Powder River Basin, Montana: Journal of Hydrology, v. 308, no. 1-4, p. 227–241.

Möst, D., and Perlwitz, H., 2009, Prospects of gas supply until 2020 in Europe and its relevance 

for the power sector in the context of emission trading: Energy, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1510–

1522.

Mundaca, L., Neij, L., Worrell, E., and McNeil, M., 2010, Evaluating energy efficiency policies 

with energy-economy models: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 35, p. 

305–344.

Nagy, K., 2009, The additional benefits of setting up an energy security centre: Energy, v. 34, 

no. 10, p. 1715–1720.

Nair, K., Smith, W., Kulkarni, R.B., and Sicherman, A., 1976, Decision analysis—A 

methodology for solving complex problems in the utility industry—Benefit-cost analysis, 

siting, and long-range planning, in American Power Conference, Chicago, Ill., April 

1976, Proceedings: San Francisco, Calif., Woodward-Clyde Consultants, v. 38, p. 590–

606.

Narayan, P.K., and Liu, R., 2011, Are shocks to commodity prices persistent?: Applied Energy, 

v. 88, no. 1, p. 409–416.

Nelson, K., and Carr, T.R., 2009, National carbon sequestration database and geographic 

information system (NatCarb): Lawrence, Kans., The University of Kansas Center for 

Research Inc., 65 p.

Nissing, C., and von Blottnitz, H., 2010, An economic model for energisation and its integration 

into the urban energy planning process: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, p. 2370–2378.
312

Oladosu, G., 2009, Identifying the oil price-macroeconomy relationship—An empirical mode 

decomposition analysis of U.S. data: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, p. 5417–5426.

Opaluch, J.J., Swallow, S.K., Thomas,W., Christopher, W., and Dennis, W., 1993, Evaluating 

impacts from noxious facilities—Including public preferences in current siting 

mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 41–

59.

Parikh, K.S., Karandikar, V., Rana, A., and Dani, P., 2009, Projecting India's energy 

requirements for policy formulation: Energy, v. 34, no. 8, p. 928–941.

Park, S., Lee, S.,Jeong, S.J., Song, H.-J., and Park, J.-W., 2010, Assessment of CO2 emissions 

and its reduction potential in the Korean petroleum refining industry using energyenvironment models: Energy, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2419–2429.

Parshall, L., Gurney, K., Hammer, S., Mendoza, D., Zhou, Y., and Geethakumar, S., 2009, 

Modeling energy consumption and CO2 emissions at the urban scale—Methodological 

challenges and insights from the United States: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 4765–

4782.

Pérez–Fortes, M., Bojarski, A.D., Velo, E., Nougues, J.M., and Puigjaner, L., 2009, Conceptual 

model and evaluation of generated power and emissions in an IGCC plant: Energy, v. 34, 

no. 10, p. 1721–1732.

Pascualab, C.M., Pasionc, P.M., Acebedo, I.P., Yadao, F.I., Aguinaldo, N.A., and Pascual, E.P., 

2008, Development and application of renewable energy map analysis program in the 

Philippines: Annals of GIS, v. 14, no. 2, p. 124–128.

Petrescu, S., Petre, C., Costea, M., Malancioiu, O., Boriaru, N., Dobrovicescu, A., Fiedt, M., and 

Harman, C., 2010, A methodology of computation, design and optimization of solar 

Stirling power plant using hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells: Energy, v. 35, no. 2, p. 729–739.

Porter, W.P., Ostrowski, S., and Williams, J.B., 2010, Modeling animal landscapes: 

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 83, no. 5, p. 705–712.

Pulles, T., and van Amstel, A., 2010, An overview of non-CO2 greenhouse gases: Journal of 

Integrative Environmental Sciences, v. 7, no. 2, supplement 1, p. 3–19.

Qudrat-Ullah, H., and Seo Seong, B., 2010, How to do structural validity of a system dynamics 

type simulation model—The case of an energy policy model: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 5, 

p. 2216–2224.

Ragaglini, G., Triana, F., Villani, R., and Bonari, E., 2011, Can sunflower provide biofuel for 

inland demand? An integrated assessment of sustainability at regional scale: Energy, v. 

36, no. 4, p. 2111–2118.
313

Ramírez-Rosadoa, I.J., García-Garridoa, E., Fernández-Jiménez, L.A., Zorzano-Santamaría, P.J., 

Monteiro, C., and Miranda, V., 2008, Promotion of new wind farms based on a decision 

support system: Renewable Energy, v. 33, p. 558–566.

Raven, R.P.J.M., Mourik, R.M., Feenstra, C.F.J., and Heiskanen, E., 2009, Modulating societal 

acceptance in new energy projects—Towards a toolkit methodology for project 

managers: Energy, v. 34, no. 5, p. 564–574.

Ren, H., Gao, W., Zhou, W., and Nakagami, K.i., 2009, Multi-criteria evaluation for the optimal 

adoption of distributed residential energy systems in Japan: Energy Policy, v. 37, no. 12, 

p. 5484–5493.

Ren, H., Zhou, W., Nakagami, K., and Gao, W., 2010, Integrated design and evaluation of 

biomass energy system taking into consideration demand side characteristics: Energy, v. 

35, no. 5, p. 2210–2222.

Reppelin-Hill, V., 1999, Trade and environment—An empirical analysis of the technology effect 

in the steel industry: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 38, no. 3, 

p. 283–301.

Roy, S., 2009, Economic assessment of the engineering basis for wind power—Perspective of a 

vertically integrated utility: Energy, v. 34, no. 11, p. 1885–1897.

Safaei Mohamadabadi, H., Tichkowsky, G., and Kumar, A., 2009, Development of a multicriteria assessment model for ranking of renewable and non-renewable transportation fuel 

vehicles: Energy, v. 34, no. 1, p. 112–125.

Sauter, R., and Watson, J., 2007, Strategies for the deployment of micro-generation—

Implications for social acceptance: Energy Policy, v. 35, no. 5, p. 2770–2779.

Sawyer, H., Nielson, R., and Strickland, D., 2009, Sublette mule deer study (Phase II), final 

report 2007: Cheyenne, Wyo., Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., 118 p.

Sawyer, H., Nielson, R.M., Lindzey, F., and McDonald, L.L., 2006, Winter habitat selection of 

mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field: The Journal of Wildlife 

Management, v. 70, no. 2, p. 396–403.

Schmidt, R.C., and Marschinski, R., 2009, A model of technological breakthrough in the 

renewable energy sector: Ecological Economics, v. 69, p. 435–444.

Sherrington, C., and Moran, D., 2010, Modelling farmer uptake of perennial energy crops in the 

U.K.: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 7, p. 3567–3578.

Simmonds, J.R., and Linsley, G.S., 1981, Dynamic modeling system for the transfer of 

radioactivity in terrestrial food chains: Nuclear Safety, v. 22, no. 6, p. 766–777.
314

Soroudi, A., and Ehsan, M., 2010, A distribution network expansion planning model considering 

distributed generation options and techo-economical issues: Energy, v. 35, no. 8, p. 

3364–3374.

Tatro, M.L., Covan, J.M., Jones, S.A., Kuswa, G.W., Menicucci, D.F., and Robinett, R.D., 2005, 

Toward an energy surety future: Albuqueque, N.M., Sandia National Laboratories, 42 p.

Tao, Z., 2010, Scenarios of China's oil consumption per capita (OCPC) using a hybrid factor 

decomposition-system dynamics (SD) simulation: Energy, v. 35, no. 1, p. 168–180.

Torchio, M.F., Genon, G., Poggio, A., and Poggio, M., 2009, Merging of energy and 

environmental analyses for district heating systems: Energy, v. 34, no. 3, p. 220–227.

U.S. Department of Energy, 1980, Safety and environmental considerations for licensing, 

volume 6 of Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power—Report of the 

nonproliferation alternative systems assessment program: Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Department of Energy, 152 p.

Vajjhala, S.P., 2006, Siting renewable energy facilities—A spatial analysis of promises and 

pitfalls: Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future, 20 p.

van Dyken, S., Bakken, B.H., and Skjelbred, H.I., 2010, Linear mixed-integer models for 

biomass supply chains with transport, storage, and processing: Energy, v. 35, no. 3, p. 

1338–1350.

Van Ruijven, B., de Vries, B., van Vuuren, D.P., and van der Sluijs, J.P., 2010, A global model 

for residential energy use—Uncertainty in calibration to regional data: Energy, v. 35, no. 

1, p. 269–282.

Van Vuuren, D.P., Bouwman, A.F., and Beusen, A.H.W., 2010, Phosphorus demand for the 

1970–2100 period—A scenario analysis of resource depletion: Global Environmental 

Change, v. 20, no. 3, p. 428–439.

Vellini, M., and Savioli, M., 2009, Energy and environmental analysis of glass container 

production and recycling: Energy, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2137–2143.

Venturini, P., Borello, D., Iossa, C., Lentini, D., and Rispoli, F., 2010, Modeling of multiphase 

combustion and deposit formation in a biomass-fed furnace: Energy, v. 35, no. 7, p. 

3008–3021.

Vivoda, V., 2010, Evaluating energy security in the Asia-Pacific region—A novel 

methodological approach: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 9, p. 5258–5263.

Walston, L.J., Cantwell, B.L., and Krummel, J.R., 2009, Quantifying spatiotemporal changes in 

a sagebrush ecosystem in relation to energy development: Ecography, v. 32, no. 6, p. 

943–952.
315

Wang, B., Kocaoglu, D.F., Daim, T.U., and Yang, J., 2010, A decision model for energy 

resource selection in China: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 11, p. 7130–7141.

Wang, J., Chen, J., Ju, W., and Li, M., 2009, IA-SDSS—A GIS-based land use decision support 

system with consideration of carbon sequestration: Environmental Modeling & Software, 

v. 25, no. 4, p. 539–553.

Whelan, G., Pelton, M.A., and Dorow, K.E., 2004, Decision-support tools for the assessment 

process: Southhampton, United Kingdom, WIT Press, 10 p.

Wiginton, L.K., Nguyen, H.T., and Pearce, J.M., 2010, Quantifying rooftop solar photovoltaic 

potential for regional renewable energy policy: Computers, Environment and Urban 

Systems, v. 34, no. 4, p. 345–357.

Wilson, C., and Dowlatabadi, H., 2007, Models of decision making and residential energy use: 

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, v. 32, p. 169–203.

Wolfe, A.K., 1993, Risk communication in social context—Improving effective communication: 

Environmental Professional, v. 15, no. 3, p. 248–255.

Yetano Roche, M., Mourato, S., Fischedick, M., Pietzner, K., and Viebahn, P., 2010, Public 

attitudes towards and demand for hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles—A review of the 

evidence and methodological implications: Energy Policy, v. 38, no. 10, p. 5301–5310.

References Cited

Albers, P.H., 1998, An annotated bibliography on petroleum pollution—Version 2007: Laurel, 

Md., USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 360 p.

Rudolph, J.R., 1995, Energy: Metuchen, N.J., The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Pasadena, Calif., Salem 

Press, 177 p.

U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2008, 2008 renewable electric power generation: U.S. 

Energy Information Administration, accessed online September 6, 2010, at 

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/state_profiles/r_profiles_sum.html

U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010a, State energy production estimates: U.S. Energy 

Information Administration, accessed online September 6, 2010, at 

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_seds_production.html

U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010b, WY state profile: U.S. Energy Information 

Administration, accessed online September 6, 2010, at http://www.eia.doe.gov/state/state–

energy–profiles.cfm?sid=WY.

U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010c, Table 1—2008 Summary renewable electric 

power industry statistics—Profiles: U.S. Energy Information Administration, accessed online 

September 6, 2010, at 

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/state_profiles/r_profiles_sum.html.

U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010d, Arizona nuclear profile: U.S. Energy 

Information Administration, accessed online September 6, 2010, at 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/state_profiles/arizona/az.html.
316

U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2010e, Table 1—U.S. forward-cost uranium reserves 

by state, year-end 2008: U.S. Energy Information Administration, accessed online September 

6, 2010, at http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/reserves/ures.html.

Wyoming State Geological Survey, 2010, WSGS uranium: Laramie, Wyo., Wyoming State 

Geological Survey, accessed online September 6, 2010, at 

http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/WSGSgroups/Uranium/Default.aspx.

Publishing support provided by: 

Denver Publishing Service Center

For more information concerning this publication, contact:

Center Director, USGS Fort Collins Science Center

2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C

Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118

(970) 226-9398

Or visit the Fort Collins Science Center Web site at:

http://www.fort.usgs.gov/