Mr. Jared Blumenfeld

Regional Administrator

U.S. EPA, Region IX 75 Hawthorne Street

San Francisco, California 94105

Dear Mr. Blumenfeld:

SUBJECT: Recommended Designation for the Newly Promulgated Annual Fine Particulate Matter (PM25)National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS)

Pursuant to Section 1 07(d)(1) of the Clean Air Act, I am recommending that the State of Hawaii be designated by counties for the new annual PM2.5NAAQS. The Department of Health (DOH), which manages the ambient air monitoring network, has determined that based on the quality-assured PM2.5data for the calendar years 2010 through 2012, Maui County and the City and County of Honolulu are in attainment and Kauai and Hawaii counties are unclassifiable for the new annual PM2.5standard.

Supporting documentation for these recommendations is presented in Attachment I. In summary, Kauai County is unclassifiable due to insufficient monitoring data and Hawaii County is unclassifiable due to impact from volcanic emissions. The exceedance of the annual PM2.5standard at the Kona air monitoring station in Hawaii County is due to emissions from the Kilauea volcano and has been flagged accordingly in EPA’s Air Quality System. The DOH will be submitting documentation to EPA for concurrence with excluding the flagged data as an exceptional event.

We look forward to working with EPA Region IX on the final PM25 designation. If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Gary Gill, Deputy Director for Environmental Health at (808) 586-4424.

Attachment

NEIL ERCROMBIE

Governor, State of Hawaii

c: Deborah Jordan, Director, Air Division (AIR-I), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Dena Vallano, Ph.D., ORISE Research Fellow, Air Quality Analysis Office (AIR-7), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revised the primary health-based PM25 annual NAAQS effective December 14, 2012 and pursuant to the Federal Clean Air Act 107(d)(1), states are required to make attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable recommendations one year after promulgation of

a new or revised standard.

As detailed in this document, it is recommended that Maui County and the City and County of Honolulu be initially designated as in attainment and Kauai and Hawaii counties be designated as unclassifiable for the new annual PM2.5NAAQS.

II. Basis for the Recommendation

The annual PM2.5standard is attained when the three year average at each monitor does not exceed 12 micrograms per cubic meter (pglm 3).The annual averages used to determine compliance with the revised standard are 2010, 2011 and 2012, collectively called the 2012 annual design value (DV).

Four of the State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) are in the City and County of Honolulu, which is the only Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the state and where the majority of anthropogenic sources are located. The 2012 DV for all four stations are in attainment of the annual standard. The one SLAMS in Maui County is primarily to monitor the effects of agricultural burning and the 2012 DV is also in attainment of the annual standard.

The Special Purpose Monitoring Station (SPMS) in Kauai County is established to monitor for cruise ship emissions. The station began operating in April 2011, has an incomplete 2012 DV, and is therefore unclassifiable because there is not enough data to make

a designation determination.

The five PM2,5SPMS in Hawaii County are to monitor the impact of emissions from the Kilauea volcano. Although the 2012 DV at the Kona monitor exceeded the annual PM2.5standard, the data is flagged as being due to

a natural event in EPA’s Air Quality System (AQS). The state will be submitting the required exceptional events documentation to EPA providing the causal relationship between the active volcano and the exceedance. Until EPA concurs with the flagged data, Hawaii County is recommended as unclassifiable.
to 40 CFR 50,

a data substitution test was performed for the quarters with less than 75% data recovery, passed, and therefore the original DVs are considered valid. The substitution test data is provided in Table 2.

Table 1. 2012 DVs for the Cityand County of Honolulu and Maui County

St .a ion 2010 2011 2012 3-year average Annual Mean Annual Mean Annual Mean (2012 DV) City

& County of Honolulu

Honolulu (150031001) 4.7 4.6 5.1 4.8

Kapolei (150030010) 4.3 5.2 7.0 5.5

Pearl City (150032004) 4.4 5.0 6.3 5.2 Sand Island (150031004) 10.0* 9.0 6.2 8.4 Maui County

Kihei (150090006) 4.8 6.0* 6.4 5.7 * Annual mean did not meet completeness criteria

Appendix

N to 40 CFR 50 allows for incomplete design values to be validated if it

passes the maximum quarterly value data substitution test. Briefly, the maximum daily PM2.5value across all three years for the quarter under consideration is substituted for all missing values (TDVmax). If the recalculated annual PM2.5 DV is less than or equal to the level of the standard, in this case 12 pg/rn 3,then the original NAAQS DV is considered valid. The TDVmax was performed for the

2id quarter 2010 for Sand Island (150031004) and for the 3’ quarter 2011 for Kihei (150090006).

Table 2. Substitution Test (TDVmX) for Validation of the 2012 DV

MaxF Test I Orig. Station Year Incomplete Daily Ann. Test I ov Quarter Complete DV PM I Mean Valid? SI (150031004) 2010

2 68 18.9 I 10.625 8.6 I Y

I KH (150090006) 2011 3 68 23.5 I 7.325 6.2

Y

Counties Unclassifiable for the Annual PM NAAQS

The Niumalu, Kauai station (150070007) began operating April 1,2011, does not have enough data for designation determination and therefore is currently unclassifiable. The available data is presented in Table 3.

The 2012 DVs for the five stations in Hawaii County, established to monitor the ambient air effects of the ongoing Kilauea volcano eruption is also included in Table 3. The Kona station (150011012) exceeded the NAAQS and the data has been flagged in the EPA AQS database (AQS code ‘RS’). As previously mentioned, the state will be submitting an Exceptions Events document for EPA concurrence with
Table 3. 2012 DVs for Kauai and Hawaii Counties

Station 2010 2011 2012 3-year average Annual Mean Annual Mean Annual Mean (2012 DV) Kauai County

Niumalu (150070007) None 1 4.82 6.8 5.82

Hawaii County

Hilo (150011006) 5.02 4.5 5.22 49

Kona (150011012) 18.2 12.1 16.2 - 15.5

Pahala (150012016) 8.3 6.1 7.5 7.3

Ocean View (150012020) 16.112 9.9 12.9 13.02

Mt. View (150012023) 5712 44 532 5.22

Niumalu Station began operating 411111; Ocean View began operating 4/1/10; Mt. View began 1217/10 2 Annual mean did not meet completeness criteria

Table 4. Substitution Test (TDVmax) for Validation of the 2012 DV: Hilo Station

Max Test Orig. Station Year Incomplete Daily Ann. Test DV Quarter DV Complete PM2,5 Mean Valid?

HL(150011006) 2010 3 74 9.7 5.475 5.3

Y

HL (150011006) 2012 2 71 14.5 5.975 5.3

Y
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