2012 Minerals Yearbook

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

sand and gravel, construction [advance 

Release]

August 2014
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.1

Sand and Gravel, Construction

By Wallace P. Bolen

Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Michelle B. Blackwell, statistical assistant.

A total of 812 million metric tons (Mt) of construction sand 

and gravel was produced in the United States in 2012. Although 

this was a slight increase of 4 Mt from the revised production of 

2011, production was nearly 40% less than the peak production 

of 1.34 billion metric tons during 2006 and 2012 concluded 

3 consecutive years with the lowest levels of U.S. sand and 

gravel production since 1991. Despite the modest increase, 

more than one-half of the States had decreased production in 

2012 compared with that of 2011. Some regions, however, 

had increased demand, especially in areas where States have 

experienced a boom in natural gas and oil production and 

(or) in areas that had been particularly hard hit during the 

recent recession and have reported improvements in housing 

construction.

Construction sand and gravel is a traditional basic building 

material and is one of the earliest materials used by humanity for 

dwellings and later for outdoor areas such as paths, roadways, 

and other constructs. Sand and gravel is very accessible and 

is widely used throughout the United States and the world. 

As sand and gravel became less available owing to resource 

constraint or economic conditions in some locales, builders 

began to crush bedrock to produce a manufactured sand and 

gravel often referred to as crushed stone. Sand and gravel and 

crushed stone combined are defined as construction aggregates. 

The crushed stone industry is reviewed in a separate chapter of 

the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook; both 

of these mineral commodities are usually included in reviews of 

national, State, or local aggregate industries. All percentages in 

this report were computed using unrounded data.

Although a few States had greatly increased demand related 

to energy production, demand elsewhere was dampened by 

the still relatively weak nationwide construction industry. The 

U.S. Census Bureau reported that the value of construction put 

in place was up by nearly 9% in 2012 compared with that of 

2011 but still nearly 54% less than the peak year of 2006. The 

improving numbers reported by the U.S. Census Bureau have 

not yet translated to a corresponding increase in annual sand and 

gravel consumption (U.S. Census Bureau, undated).

In the United States in 2012, 6,598 construction sand 

and gravel operations were known to be active (table 6A), 

1,093 operations were reported or assumed idle, and 311 

operations either were reported to be closed or were assumed 

to be permanently shut down. Of the 6,598 active operations, 

87 were classified as sales or distribution yards only; a sales 

yard is defined as a fixed location that receives sand and gravel 

from a distant source and sells it at the yard. Additionally, 

167 operations reported that they were either an open pit or 

a dredge combined with a sales yard that supplemented local 

production with material from a remote location. A small 

number of the idle sand and gravel operations reported recycling 

of asphalt and portland cement concrete. The 6,598 operations 

with 8,007 active sand and gravel pits were owned by 4,129 

companies or government agencies located in all 50 States.

A review of the data provided by the U.S. Mine Safety and 

Health Administration (MSHA) revealed 370 newly opened 

or previously unaccounted for sand and gravel locations 

that reported at least 500 employee hours of activity during 

2012. Information was gathered from these newly recognized 

operations and is included in the 2012 data. In 2012, of the 

6,598 active operations surveyed, 3,135, or 48%, responded 

to the USGS canvass. Their total production represented 53% 

of the 812 Mt produced in 2012. Estimates for operations 

that did not report were based on prior years’ data and MSHA

employee hour reports. Each year, hundreds of sand and gravel 

operations are idled, closed, or abandoned, and hundreds more 

are reactivated or opened. The changing location of construction 

and highway projects is the major factor in decisions to open, 

idle, or close operations.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, exports of sand and 

gravel in 2012 increased by 19% to 426,000 metric tons (t) 

compared with those of 2011. However, the value of these 

exports decreased by 10% to $25.5 million compared with the 

2011 value (tables 1, 12). Imports of construction sand and 

gravel increased by 19% in 2012 compared with those in 2011, 

but the value decreased by 9% to $59.2 million (tables 1, 13). 

Imports have become a significant source for sand and gravel 

in some areas of the country but remain a tiny fraction of total 

consumption. Domestic apparent consumption of construction 

sand and gravel, which is defined as production for consumption 

(sold or used) plus total imports minus total exports, was 

815 Mt. In addition to this, at least 30 Mt of asphaltic and 

portland cement concrete was recycled during 2012.

Some information about the production of construction sand 

and gravel in foreign countries can be found in the USGS 

Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area reports—International. 

For nonreporting countries, estimates of sand and gravel and 

crushed stone production can be based on indirect indicators, 

such as the levels of asphalt and cement consumption.

Production

Of the four major geographic regions, the West continued 

to lead the Nation in the production of construction sand and 

gravel in 2012 with 265 Mt, or 33% of the U.S. total (table 2). 

The Midwest ranked a close second with 256 Mt, or 32%; the 

South produced 202 Mt, or 25%; and the Northeast produced 

89 Mt, or 11%. Compared with that of 2011, production was 

down slightly in every region of the United States except in the 

Midwest, where production increased by about 5%.

Of the nine geographic divisions, the Mountain division led 

the Nation in the production of construction sand and gravel in 
64.2 [advance release] u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2012

2012 with 142 Mt, or 18% of the U.S. total, and was followed 

by the West North Central with 132 Mt, or 16%; the East North 

Central with 124 Mt, or 15%; and the Pacific with 123 Mt, or 

15% (table 2). The largest production increase was in the West 

North Central division, which rose by 11.5% compared with that 

of 2011, mainly in response to infrastructure related demand 

from the rapidly expanding oil and gas activity. Production also 

increased in the New England (2.5%), South Atlantic (1.5%), 

and Mountain (1%) divisions. The two largest decreases were in 

the Middle Atlantic (6.4%) and Pacific (5.2%) divisions.

In 2012, construction sand and gravel was produced in every 

State (table 3). The leading States with production greater than 

25 Mt were, in descending order of tonnage, Texas, California, 

Minnesota, Arizona, Michigan, Ohio, North Dakota, New 

York, Washington, Colorado, and Wisconsin. The combined 

production of these 11 States represented about 54% of the 

national total. In 2012, production decreased in 30 States and 

increased in 20 States compared with that of 2011. Production 

increases of greater than 10% were reported in five States—

North Dakota (35%), Rhode Island (25%), Minnesota (19%), 

Florida (14%), and Maryland (11%). Production decreases 

of 10% or more were reported in five States—Hawaii (18%), 

Louisiana (13%), North Carolina (12%), Illinois (11%), and 

Iowa (10%).

A review of the production of construction sand and gravel 

for consumption by size of operation indicated that 49% of the 

total production came from 2,016 operations having between 

100,000 and 499,999 metric tons (t) of production in 2012, 

20% of the construction sand and gravel produced came from 

277 operations having between 500,000 and 999,999 t of 

production, and 15% came from 76 operations having 1 Mt 

or more of production. The majority of operations (4,229, or 

65% of total operations) produced less than 100,000 t in 2012 

(16% of the total production) (table 6A).

In 2012, the leading domestic commercial producers of 

construction sand and gravel were, in descending order of 

production, Oldcastle Materials, Inc.; CEMEX S.A.B. de C.V.; 

Vulcan Materials Co.; Lehigh Hanson, Inc.; MDU Resources 

Group, Inc.; Martin Marietta Aggregates; Holcim Group/

Aggregate Industries Management, Inc.; Trinity Industries, Inc.; 

Mitsubishi Materials Corp.; and Granite Construction, Inc. The 

combined production of these 10 companies was about 159 Mt, 

or about 19% of the national total. The top 100 producers of 

construction sand and gravel in the United States in 2012 had a 

combined production of 349 Mt (43% of the national total), and 

are listed in table 14. The companies that improved their rank on 

the list of top 100 producers were almost all serving States that 

had improved economies related to oil and gas exploration and 

production, especially North Dakota and Texas.

Consumption

Production of construction sand and gravel reported to the 

USGS by producers was material that was sold or used by the 

companies. Stockpiled production is not reported until it is 

sold or consumed by the producer. Because no consumption 

surveys are conducted by the USGS for sand and gravel, 

the sold or used tonnage is assumed to represent the amount 

produced for domestic consumption and export. Because 

some of the construction sand and gravel producers did not 

report a breakdown by end use, their total production was 

reported under “Unspecified uses, reported.” The estimated 

production of nonrespondents was reported under “Unspecified 

uses, estimated.”

Of the 812 Mt of construction sand and gravel produced in 

2012, 62% was reported or estimated without a breakdown by 

end use (tables 4–5). Of the remaining 310 Mt, 42% was used as 

concrete aggregate; 26% was used for road base and coverings; 

12%, for asphaltic concrete aggregate and other bituminous 

mixtures; 12%, for construction fill; about 1% each, for concrete 

products, plaster and gunite sands, road stabilization, and snow 

and ice control; and the remainder was used for golf course 

maintenance, filtration, railroad ballast, roofing granules, and 

many other miscellaneous uses.

The reported percentage consumption patterns for 

construction sand and gravel exclude the unspecified uses. 

In any marketing or use-pattern analysis based on quantity 

distribution, the total quantities included in “Unspecified 

uses” may be distributed among the reported use categories by 

applying the above percentages.

Additional information regarding production of construction 

sand and gravel by major uses in each State and State district 

can be found in the USGS Minerals Yearbook, volume II, Area 

reports—Domestic.

Recycling

The USGS collects recycling statistics from construction 

and demolition companies. Not all of the companies surveyed 

responded to the request for information on asphalt and portland 

cement concrete recycling, and the data shown in tables 10 

and 11 do not include estimates for nonrespondents. These 

data have been combined with recycling data received from 

aggregate mining companies, including construction sand and 

gravel and crushed stone producers. Recycling in this industry 

generally refers to the crushing, screening, and reuse of asphalt 

and portland cement concretes. Aggregates, construction, 

and demolition companies and related asphalt and ready-mix 

companies are often involved in construction projects during 

which they collect and reuse the materials at the site. Sometimes 

construction companies haul their materials to a recycling 

location where the asphalt and (or) portland cement concrete is 

processed for reuse.

Recycled Asphalt Concrete.—In 2012, 16.6 Mt of asphalt 

concrete valued at $134 million was reported as recycled by 

aggregate, construction, and demolition companies in 49 States 

(table 10). The leading States, all with more than 500,000 t of 

recycled asphalt concrete were, in descending order of tonnage 

recycled, California, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, North 

Carolina, Michigan, New York, Utah, Kansas, and Connecticut. 

About 6.2 Mt of asphalt concrete was recycled by 294 sand and 

gravel companies. Sand and gravel producers who reported the 

most recycled asphalt concrete were, in descending order, All 

American Asphalt Co.; Midwest Asphalt Corp.; Kenny Seng 

Construction, Inc.; The Lane Construction Corp.; and Oldcastle 

Materials. These five companies recycled about 2.3 Mt of 

asphalt concrete.
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.3

Recycled Concrete.—In 2012, about 13.7 Mt of portland 

cement concrete valued at $102 million was reported as recycled 

in 47 States (table 11). The leading States, all with more 

than 500,000 t of recycled portland cement concrete were, in 

descending order of tonnage recycled, California, Illinois, Texas, 

Michigan, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Colorado. About 4.7 Mt of 

portland cement concrete was recycled by 291 sand and gravel 

companies. Sand and gravel producers who reported the most 

recycled portland cement concrete were, in descending order, 

Vulcan Materials; Kenny Seng Construction; Knopik Crushing, 

Inc.; Kraemer Trucking and Excavation, Inc.; and Dan Copp 

Crushing Corp. These five companies recycled about 1.1 Mt of 

portland cement concrete.

Transportation

Information regarding the method of transportation of 

construction sand and gravel from the pit or processing plant 

to the first point of sale or use is available for each geographic 

division and the total United States. Reports regarding the 

method of transportation were provided by the producers of 

252 Mt, or 31% of the total U.S. production of construction 

sand and gravel in 2012. Of this, 79% was transported by truck; 

4%, by waterway; 2%, other; and less than 1% by rail (table 7). 

The “other” category probably indicates customer pickup or 

was unknown by the respondent but was likely transported by 

truck. A significant portion of the 252 Mt (about 14%) was not 

transported and was used at or near the production site, probably 

for asphalt or portland cement concrete production. Because 

most producers neither keep records of nor report shipping 

distances or cost per metric ton per mile, transportation cost 

data are not available.

Prices

Prices discussed in this chapter are average unit values and 

are free on board (f.o.b.) plant, usually at the first point of sale 

or for captive use. This does not include transportation from the 

plant or yard to the consumer. It normally includes all costs of 

mining, processing, in-plant transportation, overhead, and profit.

The 2012 average unit value of construction sand and gravel 

increased by 2.1% to $7.65 per metric ton compared with the 

revised unit value for 2011. By use, the prices varied from a 

high of $12.56 per ton for filtration to a low of $4.93 per ton for 

fill (table 4). The largest increases in price were recorded for 

sand and gravel used for filtration (36.2%); road stabilization, 

lime (28.7%); road base and coverings (9.6%); and plaster 

and gunite sands (5.3%). The largest decreases were for road 

stabilization, cement (19.8%) and concrete products (9.9%).

The States having the highest unit value per metric ton of 

construction sand and gravel were, in descending order, Hawaii 

($19.06), Maryland ($11.75), Virginia ($11.39), Rhode Island 

($11.34), Louisiana ($11.05), and California ($10.93). The 

States having the lowest unit value of construction sand and 

gravel per metric ton were, in ascending order, South Dakota 

($4.81), Kentucky ($4.90), Minnesota ($4.99), and Wisconsin 

($5.00). The construction sand and gravel unit value decreased 

in 20 States and increased in 30 States (table 3). The States 

having the largest increases in unit value were, in descending 

order, Delaware (46%), North Dakota (32%), South Carolina 

(28%), South Dakota (27%), Hawaii (22%), Idaho (22%), 

Utah (22%), and Vermont (22%). The States having the largest 

decreases in unit value were, in descending order, Alaska (22%), 

New Hampshire (17%), Rhode Island (12%), Massachusetts 

(8%), and Florida (6%).

Foreign Trade

The widespread distribution of domestic sand and gravel 

deposits and the high cost of transportation limit foreign trade 

to mostly local transactions across international boundaries. 

U.S. imports and exports were equivalent to less than 1% of 

domestic consumption.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, exports of construction 

sand increased by 37% to 197,000 t compared with that of 2011, 

but the value decreased by 11% to $19.6 million (table 12). 

Canada, which was the leading destination, received 70% 

of the total sand exports, followed by Mexico (12%), and 

Germany (8%). Exports of construction gravel increased by 

8% to 229,000 t compared with those of 2011, but the value 

decreased by 6% to $5.9 million. Canada, which was the leading 

destination, received 67% of total gravel exports. Germany 

was the second leading destination receiving 11% of the gravel 

exports. The average value of sand and gravel exports in 2012 

was $60 per ton, which was down by 24% from $79 per ton in 

2011. All of these values may have been relatively high because 

some higher grade sand and gravel, such as industrial sand and 

gravel (especially hydraulic fracturing sand used in natural gas 

and oil drilling), was being misclassified as construction sand 

and gravel.

In 2012, imports of construction sand and gravel increased by 

19% to 4.1 Mt, but the value decreased by 9% to $59.2 million 

(table 13). Canada was the leading source of construction sand 

and gravel imports, with 89% of the total. Mexico supplied 

about 8% of the imports, and most of the remaining 3% was 

supplied by nine other countries. The average unit value of sand 

and gravel imports in 2012 was $14.41 per ton, down from 

$18.82 per ton in 2011.

Outlook

Many economic indicators show an improving economy in 

the United States and 2013 sand and gravel consumption was 

expected to increase compared with that of 2012. Data from 

the 2013 USGS quarterly survey of U.S. aggregates producers 

projected a 4% increase in sales of sand and gravel compared 

with those of 2012, based on a sample of the leading sand and 

gravel producers in the United States.

The average price for construction sand and gravel in 2012 

increased for the second consecutive year after experiencing the 

first drop in average price in 2010 since 1990. The 2012 average 

price exceeded the previous all-time high of $7.51 per ton set 

in 2009. Improving demand from many sectors and higher fuel 

costs could keep some upward pressure on sand and gravel 

production costs for 2013. Higher costs are likely to continue 

in and near metropolitan areas because, as nearby resources 

are depleted, more aggregates will be transported from distant 

sources with the accompanying extra fuel cost.
64.4 [advance release] u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2012

Reference Cited

U.S. Census Bureau, undated, Construction spending, historical value 

put in place: U.S. Census Bureau. (Accessed March 19, 2014, via 

http://www.census.gov/construction/c30/historical_data.html.)

GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

U.S. Geological Survey Productions

Crushed Stone and Sand and Gravel. Mineral Industry Surveys, 

quarterly.

Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in 

the United States, Data Series 140.

Natural Aggregate—Building America’s Future. Circular 1110, 

1990.

Natural Aggregates of the Conterminous United States. Bulletin 

1594, 1988.

Natural Aggregates—Foundation of America’s Future. Fact 

Sheet FS 144–97, 1997.

Sand and Gravel. Ch. in United States Mineral Resources, 

Professional Paper 820, 1973.

Sand and Gravel, Construction. Ch. in Mineral Commodity 

Summaries, annual.

Stone, Crushed. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annual.

Stone, Crushed. Ch. in Minerals Yearbook, annual.

Other

Aggregates Handbook. National Stone Association, 1991.

Aggregates Manager.

Aggregates—Sand, Gravel, & Crushed Rock Aggregates for 

Construction Purposes. The Geological Society [United 

Kingdom], 1985.

Bates, R.L., and Harben, P.W., 1984, Geology of Nonmetallics: 

London, United Kingdom, Metal Bulletin Inc., 357 p.

Canadian Aggregates.

Handbook of Concrete Aggregates. Dolar-Mantuani, L. Noyes 

Publications, 1983.

Sand and Gravel. Ch. in Industrial Minerals and Rocks (7th ed.), 

Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., 2006.

Sand and Gravel. Ch. in Mineral Facts and Problems, 

U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 675, 1985.

Stone, Sand & Gravel Review.
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.5

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Sold or used by producers:2

Quantity 1,060,000 839,000 r 807,000 r 808,000 r 812,000

value 7,900,000 6,300,000 r 5,890,000 r 6,050,000 r 6,210,000

recycled:3

Quantity 29,100 28,500 26,400 27,300 r 30,300

value 252,000 264,000 201,000 214,000 r 237,000

exports:

Quantity 392 439 381 357 426

value 22,400 23,100 22,600 28,200 25,500

imports:

Quantity 5,430 2,980 2,670 3,440 4,110

value 114,000 66,100 95,900 64,800 59,200

mining companies.

taBle 1

Salient u.S. ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel StatiStiCS1

(thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

r

revised.

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.

2

Puerto rico is excluded from all sand and gravel statistics.

3

asphalt and portland cement concrete recycled by construction, demolition, and aggregate

Quantityr Quantity

(thousand Percent value Percent (thousand Percent value Percent

region/division metric tons) of total (thousands) of total metric tons) of total (thousands) of total

northeast:

new england 36,300 4.5 $317,000 r 5.2 37,200 4.6 $316,000 5.1

Middle atlantic 54,900 6.8 480,000 r 8.0 51,400 6.3 454,000 7.3

Midwest:

east north Central 125,000 15.5 r 776,000 r 12.8 124,000 15.3 766,000 12.4

West north Central 119,000 14.7 r 637,000 r 10.5 132,000 16.3 780,000 12.6

South:

South atlantic 48,600 6.0 389,000 6.4 r 49,300 6.0 409,000 6.6

east South Central 34,500 4.3 r 226,000 r 3.7 33,300 4.1 225,000 3.6

West South Central 120,000 14.8 r 942,000 r 15.6 r 119,000 14.6 930,000 14.9

West:

Mountain 140,000 17.4 r 1,010,000 r 16.7 r 142,000 17.5 1,110,000 17.9

Pacific 130,000 16.1 r 1,270,000 21.1 123,000 15.1 1,210,000 19.5

total 808,000 100 6,050,000 r 100 812,000 100 6,210,000 100

taBle 2

ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS, BY GeoGraPHiC diviSion1

2011 2012

r

revised. 

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
64.6 [advance release] u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2012

Quantity Quantity

(thousand value unit (thousand value unit

State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value

alabama 9,910 $53,600 $5.41 9,060 $54,500 $6.01

alaska 7,710 r 70,800 r 9.18 r 7,080 50,600 7.15

arizona 31,600 r 267,000 r 8.44 r 34,100 301,000 8.83

arkansas 7,990 r 68,200 r 8.53 7,980 68,200 8.56

California 80,600 r 891,000 r 11.05 r 77,100 843,000 10.93

Colorado 26,800 r 198,000 7.39 r 27,700 209,000 7.53

Connecticut 5,560 r 54,200 r 9.75 r 5,280 49,600 9.39

delaware 1,910 11,200 5.90 1,820 15,600 8.58

Florida 12,000 104,000 r 8.61 r 13,700 111,000 8.10

Georgia 5,160 r 30,300 r 5.88 5,410 33,800 6.24

Hawaii 962 15,100 15.67 786 15,000 19.06

idaho 10,500 r 64,000 r 6.07 r 10,000 73,800 7.38

illinois 18,800 121,000 6.44 16,700 113,000 6.79

indiana 18,800 111,000 5.88 18,500 107,000 5.81

iowa 15,200 r 102,000 r 6.75 13,600 89,200 6.54

kansas 9,620 47,100 4.90 9,710 52,200 5.38

kentucky 6,810 r 32,500 r 4.77 r 6,610 32,400 4.90

louisiana 21,400 r 212,000 r 9.94 r 18,500 205,000 11.05

Maine 8,120 r 54,400 r 6.69 8,500 62,700 7.37

Maryland 6,980 83,100 11.89 7,730 90,700 11.75

Massachusetts 9,270 r 93,800 r 10.13 9,470 88,200 9.31

Michigan 32,100 r 179,000 r 5.57 31,600 173,000 5.48

Minnesota 37,200 r 182,000 r 4.91 44,400 221,000 4.99

Mississippi 11,700 r 94,100 r 8.07 11,500 90,500 7.88

Missouri 9,340 r 64,800 r 6.93 9,310 62,500 6.71

Montana 11,100 r 86,400 r 7.80 12,000 90,300 7.50

nebraska 13,000 r 76,300 r 5.86 r 12,900 84,800 6.59

nevada 13,200 r 81,400 r 6.15 r 12,300 84,700 6.86

new Hampshire 6,270 r 54,400 r 8.68 r 6,760 48,600 7.20

new Jersey 11,800 108,000 9.19 11,100 97,600 8.83

new Mexico 9,410 r 74,600 r 7.92 r 10,200 83,200 8.19

new York 30,300 257,000 8.47 28,800 254,000 8.82

north Carolina 8,250 r 47,700 r 5.78 7,220 42,900 5.94

north dakota 21,700 r 116,000 5.37 r 29,300 207,000 7.07

ohio 27,400 219,000 8.02 29,500 234,000 7.94

oklahoma 11,000 r 68,000 r 6.17 11,800 73,200 6.22

oregon 11,300 r 86,900 r 7.66 r 10,400 89,500 8.63

Pennsylvania 12,800 r 115,000 r 8.96 11,600 103,000 8.87

rhode island 2,010 26,000 12.92 2,500 28,400 11.34

South Carolina 7,070 31,400 4.43 6,380 36,300 5.68

South dakota 12,700 47,800 3.78 13,100 63,100 4.81

tennessee 6,100 45,600 7.47 6,110 47,500 7.77

texas 79,200 r 593,000 r 7.49 r 80,800 584,000 7.23

utah 25,300 r 149,000 5.90 r 23,800 172,000 7.22

vermont 5,070 r 33,800 r 6.67 4,700 38,400 8.17

virginia 6,680 r 77,500 11.61 6,470 73,700 11.39

Washington 29,600 r 211,000 r 7.13 r 28,100 214,000 7.64

West virginia 534 4,470 8.36 578 4,890 8.45

Wisconsin 27,900 r 147,000 r 5.26 27,500 138,000 5.00

Wyoming 12,500 r 89,800 r 7.20 r 11,800 100,000 8.51

total or average 808,000 r 6,050,000 r 7.49 r 812,000 6,210,000 7.65

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.

taBle 3

ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in

tHe united StateS, BY State1

2011 2012

r

revised.
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.7

Quantity

(thousand value unit

use metric tons) (thousands) value

Concrete aggregates (including concrete sand) 131,000 $1,050,000 $7.98

Plaster and gunite sands 3,550 37,200 10.49

Concrete products (blocks, bricks, pipe, decorative, etc.) 2,530 20,400 8.05

asphaltic concrete aggregates and other bituminous mixtures 37,200 326,000 8.76

road base and coverings 81,500 570,000 6.98

road stabilization, cement 2,500 14,900 5.98

road stabilization, lime 597 4,430 7.41

Fill 36,800 182,000 4.93

Snow and ice control 3,320 23,400 7.06

railroad ballast 766 8,670 11.32

roofing granules 76 879 11.57

Filtration 736 9,240 12.56

Golf course maintenance sand 763 7,180 9.41

other miscellaneous uses 8,700 84,100 9.66

unspecified:2

actual 167,000 1,330,000 8.00

estimated 335,000 2,540,000 7.58

total or average 812,000 6,210,000 7.65

taBle 4

ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed in tHe united StateS in 2012,

BY MaJor uSe1

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.

2

reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.
64.8 [advance release] u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2012

region/division Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value 

northeast:

new england 3,130 29,100 96 1,350 191 1,380 1,890 18,500 4,130 34,900

Middle atlantic 7,470 72,500 337 3,180 259 2,500 2,200 18,200 4,260 34,800

Midwest:

east north Central 19,100 106,000 156 894 316 2,370 6,810 47,300 12,300 75,600

West north Central 15,000 95,000 338 1,990 358 2,870 7,370 42,100 25,000 136,000

South:

South atlantic 16,200 151,000 262 2,220 609 4,910 1,470 10,100 495 3,590

east South Central 10,500 65,800 125 651 468 2,930 1,750 14,100 1,200 8,540

West South Central 27,300 200,000 460 3,810 24 352 1,580 13,600 4,220 44,500

West:

Mountain 12,200 115,000 256 3,370 164 1,000 5,780 57,400 20,800 149,000

Pacific 20,300 213,000 1,520 19,800 143 2,080 8,380 105,000 12,300 102,000

total 131,000 1,050,000 3,550 37,200 2,530 20,400 37,200 326,000 84,600 589,000

Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value 

northeast:

new england 1,740 8,190 639 5,180 44 473 25,400 217,000 37,200 316,000

Middle atlantic 2,020 11,500 1,180 8,080 11 99 33,700 303,000 51,400 454,000

Midwest:

east north Central 8,220 36,500 860 4,230 33 281 76,000 493,000 124,000 766,000

West north Central 5,170 18,500 224 1,420 12 172 78,800 482,000 132,000 780,000

South:

South atlantic 4,710 17,300 34 255 5 47 25,500 219,000 49,300 409,000

east South Central 934 3,790 3 42 -- -- 18,300 129,000 33,300 225,000

West South Central 3,500 15,800 7 152 24 669 81,900 651,000 119,000 930,000

West:

Mountain 4,340 21,700 277 3,330 226 2,130 97,900 761,000 142,000 1,110,000

Pacific 6,180 48,400 99 727 414 4,800 74,100 717,000 123,000 1,210,000

total 36,800 182,000 3,320 23,400 769 8,670 512,000 3,970,000 812,000 6,210,000

--Zero. 

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown. 

2

includes road and other stabilization (cement and lime).

3

includes reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.

Fill Snow and ice control railroad ballast other uses3 total

Concrete products asphaltic concrete

aggregates and other

bituminous mixtures

road base and

coverings2 (including concrete sand)

Concrete aggregates Plaster and

gunite sands decorative, etc.)

(blocks, bricks, pipe

taBle 5

ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS in 2012, BY GeoGraPHiC

diviSion and MaJor uSe1

(thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.9

Quantity

Size range number of Percent (thousand Percent

(metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total

less than 25,000 2,041 33 19,100 3

25,000 to 49,999 1,016 15 33,400 4

50,000 to 99,999 1,172 17 76,900 9

100,000 to 199,999 1,065 16 138,000 17

200,000 to 299,999 518 7 115,000 14

300,000 to 399,999 270 4 84,000 10

400,000 to 499,999 163 3 66,000 8

500,000 to 599,999 87 2 43,800 6

600,000 to 699,999 78 1 45,800 5

700,000 to 799,999 48 0.7 32,300 4

800,000 to 899,999 37 0.3 28,400 3

900,000 to 999,999 27 0.2 23,200 2

1,000,000 to 1,499,999 38 0.2 40,000 5

1,500,000 to 1,999,999 24 0.3 37,600 5

2,000,000 to 2,499,999 11 0.1 22,600 3

2,500,000 and more 3 0.3 4,820 2

total 6,598 100 812,000 100

`

taBle 6a

ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel ProduCtion in tHe united StateS

in 2012, BY SiZe oF oPeration1

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.
64.10 [advance release] u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2012

Quantity Quantity

Size range number of Percent (thousand Percent number of Percent (thousand Percent

(metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total operations of total metric tons) of total 

less than 25,000 409 37.7 3,800 4.3 744 30.6 7,080 2.8

25,000 to 49,999 200 18.4 6,480 7.3 370 15.2 12,300 4.8

50,000 to 99,999 189 17.4 12,400 14 505 20.8 33,400 13

100,000 to 199,999 148 13.6 19,300 21.7 419 17.2 53,900 21.1

200,000 to 299,999 76 7 17,000 19.2 160 6.5 35,200 13.7

300,000 to 399,999 27 2.5 8,280 9.3 98 4 30,400 11.9

400,000 to 499,999 16 1.5 6,480 7.3 52 2.1 20,800 8.1

500,000 to 599,999 7 0.6 3,630 4.1 23 0.9 11,400 4.4

600,000 to 699,999 5 0.5 2,840 3.2 18 0.7 10,600 4.1

700,000 to 799,999 4 0.4 2,640 3 15 0.6 10,000 3.9

800,000 to 899,999 2 0.2 1,500 1.7 10 0.4 7,640 3

900,000 to 999,999 -- -- -- -- 6 0.2 5,160 2

1,000,000 or more 3 0.3 4,220 4.8 15 0.5 18,300 7.1

total 1,086 100 88,600 100 2,434 100 256,000 100

Quantity Quantity

Size range number of Percent (thousand Percent number of Percent (thousand Percent

(metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total operations of total metric tons) of total 

less than 25,000 212 20 2,080 1 676 33.5 6,130 2.3

25,000 to 49,999 129 12.2 4,380 2.2 317 15.7 10,300 3.9

50,000 to 99,999 165 15.6 10,700 5.3 313 15.5 20,400 7.7

100,000 to 199,999 190 18 25,000 12.4 308 15.2 40,200 15.2

200,000 to 299,999 126 11.9 28,000 13.9 157 7.8 35,100 13.2

300,000 to 399,999 79 7.5 24,900 12.4 66 3.3 20,400 7.7

400,000 to 499,999 44 4.2 17,900 8.9 51 2.5 20,800 7.8

500,000 to 599,999 28 2.6 14,100 7 29 1.4 14,700 5.5

600,000 to 699,999 27 2.6 16,200 8 28 1.4 16,300 6.1

700,000 to 799,999 14 1.3 9,530 4.7 15 0.7 10,100 3.8

800,000 to 899,999 8 0.8 6,270 3.1 17 0.8 13,000 4.9

900,000 to 999,999 11 1 9,460 4.7 10 0.5 8,610 3.2

1,000,000 or more 25 1.3 33,000 16.4 33 1.5 49,400 18.6

total 1,058 100 202,000 100 2,020 100 265,000 100

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.

taBle 6B

ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel ProduCtion in tHe united StateS in 2012, BY reGion and SiZe oF oPeration1

northeast Midwest

South West

--Zero. 
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.11

not not

region/division truck rail Water other transported specified total

northeast:

new england 7,550 -- -- 118 1,630 27,900 37,200

Middle atlantic 12,800 11 276 378 1,520 36,400 51,400

Midwest:

east north Central 32,000 33 3,170 210 5,050 83,400 124,000

West north Central 35,400 29 660 56 7,760 88,400 132,000

South:

South atlantic 16,300 23 33 10 862 32,100 49,300

east South Central 7,730 102 2,900 1,550 529 20,500 33,300

West South Central 24,000 476 -- 26 3,140 91,300 119,000

West:

Mountain 29,800 -- -- 1,090 6,460 105,000 142,000

Pacific 34,300 36 3,920 1,340 8,830 75,000 123,000

total 200,000 713 11,000 4,780 35,800 560,000 812,000

taBle 7

ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe

united StateS in 2012, BY GeoGraPHiC diviSion and MetHod oF tranSPortation1

(thousand metric tons)

-- Zero.

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Stationary no plants or dredging total active

region/division Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations

northeast:

new england 267 203 48 22 -- 540

Middle atlantic 243 202 43 36 22 546

Midwest:

east north Central 513 380 74 69 90 1,126

West north Central 522 478 35 91 182 1,308

South:

South atlantic 147 63 12 49 67 338

east South Central 106 27 7 11 45 196

West South Central 294 91 17 36 86 524

West:

Mountain 551 602 69 74 11 1,307

Pacific1 379 235 52 31 16 713

total 3,022 2,281 357 419 519 6,598

as one operation.

taBle 8

nuMBer oF ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel oPerationS and ProCeSSinG PlantS

in tHe united StateS in 2012, BY GeoGraPHiC diviSion

Mining operations on land

-- Zero. 

1

an undetermined number of operations leased from the Bureau of land Management in alaska are counted
64.12 [advance release] u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2012

Stationary no plants or dredging total active

State Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations 

alabama 33 6 2 7 13 61

alaska1 35 28 4 8 2 77

arizona 78 81 14 3 -- 176

arkansas 33 13 3 1 2 52

California 198 85 25 5 7 320

Colorado 105 125 11 17 5 263

Connecticut 35 19 14 -- -- 68

delaware 4 -- -- 3 4 11

Florida 27 7 -- 6 17 57

Georgia 21 4 2 -- 15 42

Hawaii 13 7 -- -- -- 20

idaho 43 83 3 12 3 144

illinois 58 15 6 3 27 109

indiana 71 32 12 1 12 128

iowa 39 77 4 6 28 154

kansas 33 48 2 9 36 128

kentucky 6 3 2 1 9 21

louisiana 60 10 -- 15 36 121

Maine 76 72 9 11 -- 168

Maryland 23 3 3 6 3 38

Massachusetts 74 20 6 -- -- 100

Michigan 126 141 30 20 16 333

Minnesota 169 173 19 40 6 407

Mississippi 48 14 -- 3 12 77

Missouri 40 8 2 -- 28 78

Montana 95 77 10 14 -- 196

nebraska 43 20 2 7 82 154

nevada 51 31 9 5 -- 96

new Hampshire 35 44 9 2 -- 90

new Jersey 28 8 3 5 10 54

new Mexico 50 46 9 6 1 112

new York 163 162 31 24 7 387

north Carolina 35 20 4 20 12 91

north dakota 140 69 4 9 -- 222

ohio 101 49 12 19 32 213

oklahoma 29 11 -- 4 34 78

oregon 38 43 4 8 1 94

Pennsylvania 52 32 9 7 5 105

rhode island 12 3 5 1 -- 21

South Carolina 13 13 1 3 11 41

South dakota 59 83 2 20 2 166

tennessee 19 4 3 -- 11 37

texas 172 57 14 16 14 273

utah 82 87 12 4 -- 185

vermont 34 45 5 8 -- 92

virginia 21 15 2 11 5 54

Washington 95 72 19 10 6 202

West virginia 4 1 -- -- -- 5

Wisconsin 155 143 14 26 3 341

Wyoming 48 72 1 13 2 136

total 3,022 2,281 357 419 519 6,598

counted as one operation.

taBle 9

nuMBer oF ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel oPerationS and ProCeSSinG PlantS

in tHe united StateS in 2012, BY State

-- Zero.

1

an undetermined number of operations leased from the Bureau of land Management in alaska are

Mining operations on land
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.13

Quantity Quantity

(thousand value unit (thousand value unit

State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value

alabama 254 $5,340 $21.01 296 $5,680 $19.20

alaska 71 1,220 17.30 69 1,180 17.15

arizona 116 1,060 9.11 125 2,010 16.11

arkansas 19 212 11.05 26 260 10.14

California 2,020 15,500 7.65 1,880 15,400 8.20

Colorado 349 2,320 6.66 352 2,330 6.61

Connecticut 126 544 4.31 543 3,650 6.71

delaware (3) 5 15.29 91 605 6.65

Florida 224 2,660 11.90 211 2,350 11.13

Georgia 286 4,630 16.21 241 4,110 17.08

Hawaii -- -- -- -- -- --

idaho 76 521 6.84 30 207 6.78

illinois 1,080 7,190 6.65 1,500 9,560 6.37

indiana 122 981 8.04 123 2,020 16.41

iowa 28 289 10.14 85 917 10.79

kansas 722 3,790 5.25 604 2,250 3.73

kentucky 114 649 5.68 367 1,330 3.63

louisiana 85 597 7.03 129 1,250 9.68

Maine 142 1,910 13.40 118 1,580 13.41

Maryland 116 914 7.90 206 1,790 8.68

Massachusetts 337 3,240 9.60 403 4,010 9.94

Michigan 838 3,530 4.21 966 3,930 4.07

Minnesota 769 7,130 9.27 1,190 9,070 7.64

Mississippi 11 23 2.17 11 23 2.17

Missouri 88 589 6.70 188 1,430 7.60

Montana 71 736 10.40 39 456 11.82

nebraska 85 660 7.75 81 589 7.30

nevada 125 976 7.79 229 1,090 4.75

new Hampshire 204 1,180 5.78 283 3,060 10.83

new Jersey 43 257 5.92 194 1,450 7.50

new Mexico 78 578 7.39 236 1,360 5.77

new York 550 4,060 7.39 715 6,500 9.09

north Carolina 1,030 7,470 7.28 1,100 8,370 7.59

north dakota 96 684 7.16 55 259 4.72

ohio 84 750 8.95 72 538 7.42

oklahoma 49 541 11.03 91 1,000 11.00

oregon 91 667 7.31 79 561 7.15

Pennsylvania 834 5,730 6.87 1,350 9,740 7.21

rhode island 77 739 9.54 31 707 22.90

South Carolina 241 3,370 13.96 214 3,300 15.38

South dakota 119 1,210 10.20 81 716 8.84

tennessee 132 1,700 12.83 139 1,780 12.85

texas 208 2,410 11.61 226 2,410 10.67

utah 132 1,270 9.60 670 5,370 8.02

vermont 44 573 13.15 98 1,080 10.97

virginia 389 4,000 10.29 276 2,480 9.01

Washington 181 1,150 6.37 123 910 7.39

West virginia 11 34 3.02 11 34 3.02

Wisconsin 547 3,970 7.25 453 3,280 7.24

Wyoming 43 319 7.41 36 320 8.99

total or average 13,500 110,000 8.16 16,600 134,000 8.08

3

less than 1⁄2 unit.

2

estimated quantities and values have been recalculated. 

taBle 10

reCYCled aSPHalt ConCrete Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS, BY State1

20112 2012

-- Zero.

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
64.14 [advance release] u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2012

Quantity Quantity

(thousand value unit (thousand value unit

State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value

alabama (3) (3) $9.89 -- -- --

alaska 112 562 5.02 24 395 16.54

arizona 71 640 8.99 69 596 8.68

arkansas 1 7 7.72 1 8 6.94

California 2,800 21,200 7.58 2,140 15,900 7.43

Colorado 426 2,980 7.00 504 3,370 6.68

Connecticut 77 533 6.94 74 603 8.16

delaware 1 13 10.99 69 313 4.52

Florida 550 2,330 4.23 473 1,640 3.46

Georgia 117 986 8.42 116 906 7.83

Hawaii 6 81 13.55 4 51 14.31

idaho 18 120 6.61 (3) 1 12.09

illinois 1,710 13,600 7.93 1,460 10,300 7.07

indiana 180 1,400 7.79 130 1,150 8.79

iowa 265 1,470 5.53 197 1,460 7.37

kansas 317 2,330 7.33 334 2,860 8.58

kentucky -- -- -- -- -- --

louisiana 31 519 16.50 35 597 16.96

Maine 33 227 6.90 23 144 6.21

Maryland 323 3,110 9.63 307 2,950 9.59

Massachusetts 199 1,040 5.23 191 1,270 6.66

Michigan 1,040 7,200 6.93 962 6,160 6.41

Minnesota 832 6,090 7.31 477 3,450 7.23

Mississippi 62 413 6.72 62 417 6.75

Missouri 54 393 7.24 20 118 5.88

Montana 25 120 4.84 14 110 8.12

nebraska 116 1,340 11.53 88 952 10.81

nevada 50 300 6.03 30 178 6.01

new Hampshire 152 825 5.42 159 852 5.37

new Jersey 157 1,140 7.30 374 3,180 8.51

new Mexico 2 13 7.71 2 12 6.64

new York 179 1,740 9.71 155 1,280 8.26

north Carolina 264 2,970 11.25 218 2,370 10.90

north dakota 32 327 10.21 50 320 6.37

ohio 445 3,540 7.96 396 2,930 7.40

oklahoma 84 1,030 12.27 308 2,810 9.13

oregon 59 452 7.67 56 428 7.59

Pennsylvania 350 1,750 5.00 326 1,640 5.02

rhode island 15 139 9.25 14 121 8.92

South Carolina 245 3,510 14.34 185 2,430 13.09

South dakota 79 667 8.42 167 1,680 10.03

tennessee 30 157 5.28 39 250 6.36

texas 275 2,280 8.28 1,440 11,100 7.75

utah 162 1,360 8.37 488 4,550 9.32

vermont 21 115 5.38 9 48 5.39

virginia 876 7,490 8.55 611 5,220 8.55

Washington 365 2,490 6.81 286 1,710 5.99

West virginia -- -- -- -- -- --

Wisconsin 589 3,050 5.18 553 3,000 5.42

Wyoming 90 544 6.06 46 358 7.80

total or average 13,900 105,000 7.53 13,700 102,000 7.47

2

estimated quantities and values have been recalculated. 

-- Zero.

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.

3

less than 1⁄2 unit.

taBle 11

reCYCled Portland CeMent ConCrete Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS, BY State1

20112 2012
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.15

Sand Gravel

value, value,

Country or territory Quantity f.a.s.2 Quantity f.a.s.2

north america:

Bahamas, the 2 439 (3) 30

British virgin islands (3) 46 4 56

Canada 138 6,450 154 3,720

Mexico 23 4,010 3 128

St. lucia 2 79 -- --

trinidad and tobago 1 115 (3) 37

other 2 480 9 305

total 168 11,600 170 4,280

South america:

argentina 2 789 -- --

Brazil (3) 86 1 39

venezuela 1 289 16 27

other 1 157 (3) 37

total 4 1,320 17 103

europe:

denmark -- -- 1 30

Germany 16 3,900 26 891

ireland (3) 84 4 158

netherlands (3) 40 -- --

united kingdom 4 902 1 60

other 1 121 3 114

total 21 5,050 35 1,250

asia:

China 2 492 -- --

Japan 1 239 7 251

korea, republic of 1 272 (3) 3

other (3) 320 (3) 10

total 4 1,320 7 264

oceania (3) 157 (3) 6

Middle east (3) 32 (3) 16

africa (3) 62 (3) 12

Grand total 197 19,600 229 5,930

2

Free alongside ship. value of material at u.S. port of export; based on transaction price,

including all charges incurred in placing material alongside ship.

3

less than 1⁄2 unit.

Source: u.S. Census Bureau.

taBle 12

u.S. eXPortS oF ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel in 2012, BY CountrY1

(thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

-- Zero.

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
64.16 [advance release] u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2012

value, value,

Country or territory Quantity c.i.f.2 Quantity c.i.f.2

antigua and Barbuda 1 19 5 124

australia (3) 631 -- --

Bahamas, the 98 1,630 4 149

Canada 2,950 43,100 3,660 40,000

China 14 2,880 7 2,500

Colombia 13 181 26 81

France 4 647 2 301

Germany 2 876 4 928

Mexico 306 7,510 326 4,910

new Zealand 7 2,240 5 1,860

norway -- -- 43 4,700

Peru 3 765 8 1,020

vietnam 28 2,230 -- --

other 18 2,050 14 2,640

total 3,440 64,800 4,110 59,200

2

Cost, insurance, and freight. value of material at u.S. port of entry; based on

taBle 13

u.S. iMPortS For ConSuMPtion oF ConStruCtion Sand

and Gravel, BY CountrY1

(thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

purchase price and includes all charges (except u.S. import duties) in bringing 

material from foreign country to alongside carrier.

3

less than 1⁄2 unit.

Source: u.S. Census Bureau.

2011 2012

 -- Zero. 

1

data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to

totals shown.
Sand and Gravel, Construction—2012 [advance release] 64.17

2012 2011 2012 2011

rank rank Company rank rank Company

1 1 oldcastle Materials, inc. 51 59 e.r. Jahna industries, inc. 

2 4 CeMeX S.a.B. de C.v. 52 79 Mark Sand & Gravel Co. 

3 3 vulcan Materials Co. 53 43 Southern aggregates llC

4 2 lehigh Hanson,inc. 54 89 Quikrete Co.

5 6 Mdu resources Group, inc. 55 95 alleyton resource Corp. 

6 8 Martin Marietta aggregates 56 100 northern improvement Co.

7 7 Holcim Group/aggregate industries Management, inc. 57 67 Southwest rock Products, llC 

8 12 trinity industries, inc. 58 99 Crockett County Mining, ltd

9 5 Bureau of land Management 59 39 JMaC resources, inc.

10 11 Mitsubishi Materials Corp. 60 78 liberty Materials, inc. 

11 9 Granite Construction, inc. 61 53 Wright Materials, inc. 

12 10 lafarge north america inc. 62 57 Watson Gravel, inc. 

13 15 CalPortland Co. 63 — Colorado County Sand & Gravel Co. llC

14 16 teichert 64 74 Hilltop Basic resources, inc. 

15 14 Fisher industries 65 87 Seven Points Sand & Gravel, inc. 

16 31 ash Grove Cement Co. 66 56 the Heritage Group 

17 13 Colas, inc. 67 — Megasand enterprises, inc.

18 17 Clyde Cos., inc. 68 66 McMurry ready Mix Co.

19 20 WM. d. Scepaniak Construction 69 — Jobe Materials, l.P.

20 18 edw. C. levy Co. 70 46 new enterprise Stone & lime Co., inc.

21 21 Mathy Construction Co. 71 83 Sundre Sand & Gravel, inc.

22 23 texas industries, inc. 72 — tri-City Paving, inc.

23 29 l.G. everist, inc. 73 — S&S aggregates Co.

24 26 Miles Sand and Gravel Co. 74 — FnF Mining inc.

25 19 Fordyce ltd. 75 — Pinnacle Materials llC

26 25 Gila river indian Community 76 47 eucon Corp.

27 22 nugent Sand Co. 77 55 tiller Corp. 

28 33 the olen Corp. 78 — Phoenix San-Man inc.

29 49 Chandler aggregates, inc. 79 — City transfer, inc.

30 40 aggregate Construction, inc. 80 75 Miller Springs Materials, llC

31 51 Strata Corp. 81 71 B.r. amon & Sons, inc.

32 32 dan Gernatt Gravel Products, inc. 82 72 Simpson Construction Materials, llC

33 61 a. lindberg & Sons inc. 83 54 irving Materials, inc.

34 28 r.e. Janes Gravel Co. 84 — Fred Weber, inc. 

35 36 u.S. Concrete, inc. 85 58 nBr Sand llC

36 82 Chaney enterprises l.P. 86 37 Standard Sand & Silica Co. 

37 30 all american asphalt Co. 87 50 Mulzer Crushed Stone, inc. 

38 48 Multisources ltd. 88 — Superstition Crushing llC

39 34 FSt Sand & Gravel, inc. 89 — rieth-riley Construction Co., inc. 

40 44 dolese Bros. Co. 90 76 Capital Sand Co., inc.

41 27 Holliday rock Co. 91 — Jurgensen Cos.

42 41 Salt river Pima-Maricopa indian Community 92 — Hunter Sand & Gravel llC

43 38 amboy aggregates 93 — Baldwin Sand & Gravel Co.

44 69 las vegas Paving Corp. 94 — lindy Paving, inc.

45 45 Central Specialties, inc. 95 86 nebco, inc.

46 35 Summit Materials, llC 96 — M.r. tanner Mining, inc.

47 — knopik Crushing, inc. 97 85 rasmussen Group, inc.

48 — Pine Bluff Materials llC 98 — Hanson Custom Crushing, inc.

49 42 York Building Products Co. 99 97 aggregate resources, inc.

50 65 Memphis Stone & Gravel Co. 100 — eastern Colorado aggregates

taBle 14

tHe toP 100 ProduCerS oF ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel in tHe united StateS in 20121

— not in the top 100 producers of construction sand and gravel in the united States in 2011.

1

in descending order of tonnage produced.