Page 113 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 801

(C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, au

thority, or limitations, or short of statutory
right; (D) without observance of procedure re

quired by law; (E) unsupported by substantial evidence in
a case subject to sections 556 and 557 of this

title or otherwise reviewed on the record of
an agency hearing provided by statute; or (F) unwarranted by the facts to the extent
that the facts are subject to trial de novo by
the reviewing court.

In making the foregoing determinations, the

court shall review the whole record or those
parts of it cited by a party, and due account
shall be taken of the rule of prejudicial error.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 393.)

H ISTORICAL AND R EVISION N OTES

Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large

.................. 5 U.S.C. 1009(e). June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §10(e),

60 Stat. 243.

Standard changes are made to conform with the defi

nitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined
in the preface of this report.

A BBREVIATION OF R ECORD

Pub. L. 85–791, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 941, which au

thorized abbreviation of record on review or enforce

ment of orders of administrative agencies and review
on the original papers, provided, in section 35 thereof,

that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] shall not
be construed to repeal or modify any provision of the
Administrative Procedure Act [see Short Title note set
out preceding section 551 of this title].’’

CHAPTER 8—CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF

AGENCY RULEMAKING

Sec.
801. Congressional review.

802. Congressional disapproval procedure.

803. Special rule on statutory, regulatory, and ju

dicial deadlines.

804. Definitions.

805. Judicial review.

806. Applicability; severability.

807. Exemption for monetary policy.

808. Effective date of certain rules.

§ 801. Congressional review

(a)(1)(A) Before a rule can take effect, the Fed

eral agency promulgating such rule shall submit
to each House of the Congress and to the Comp

troller General a report containing— (i) a copy of the rule; (ii) a concise general statement relating to
the rule, including whether it is a major rule;

and (iii) the proposed effective date of the rule.

(B) On the date of the submission of the report
under subparagraph (A), the Federal agency pro

mulgating the rule shall submit to the Comp

troller General and make available to each
House of Congress— (i) a complete copy of the cost-benefit analy

sis of the rule, if any; (ii) the agency’s actions relevant to sections
603, 604, 605, 607, and 609; (iii) the agency’s actions relevant to sec

tions 202, 203, 204, and 205 of the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995; and (iv) any other relevant information or re

quirements under any other Act and any rel

evant Executive orders.

(C) Upon receipt of a report submitted under
subparagraph (A), each House shall provide cop

ies of the report to the chairman and ranking
member of each standing committee with juris

diction under the rules of the House of Rep

resentatives or the Senate to report a bill to
amend the provision of law under which the rule

is issued.
(2)(A) The Comptroller General shall provide a
report on each major rule to the committees of
jurisdiction in each House of the Congress by
the end of 15 calendar days after the submission
or publication date as provided in section
802(b)(2). The report of the Comptroller General
shall include an assessment of the agency’s com

pliance with procedural steps required by para

graph (1)(B).
(B) Federal agencies shall cooperate with the
Comptroller General by providing information
relevant to the Comptroller General’s report
under subparagraph (A).
(3) A major rule relating to a report submitted
under paragraph (1) shall take effect on the lat

est of—
(A) the later of the date occurring 60 days

after the date on which—
(i) the Congress receives the report sub

mitted under paragraph (1); or
(ii) the rule is published in the Federal
Register, if so published;

(B) if the Congress passes a joint resolution
of disapproval described in section 802 relating
to the rule, and the President signs a veto of
such resolution, the earlier date—
(i) on which either House of Congress votes

and fails to override the veto of the Presi

dent; or
(ii) occurring 30 session days after the date
on which the Congress received the veto and
objections of the President; or

(C) the date the rule would have otherwise
taken effect, if not for this section (unless a
joint resolution of disapproval under section
802 is enacted).

(4) Except for a major rule, a rule shall take
effect as otherwise provided by law after submis

sion to Congress under paragraph (1).
(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the effec

tive date of a rule shall not be delayed by oper

ation of this chapter beyond the date on which
either House of Congress votes to reject a joint
resolution of disapproval under section 802.
(b)(1) A rule shall not take effect (or con

tinue), if the Congress enacts a joint resolution
of disapproval, described under section 802, of

the rule.
(2) A rule that does not take effect (or does not
continue) under paragraph (1) may not be re

issued in substantially the same form, and a new
rule that is substantially the same as such a
rule may not be issued, unless the reissued or
new rule is specifically authorized by a law en

acted after the date of the joint resolution dis

approving the original rule.
(c)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of
this section (except subject to paragraph (3)), aPage 114 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 801

rule that would not take effect by reason of sub

section (a)(3) may take effect, if the President
makes a determination under paragraph (2) and

submits written notice of such determination to
the Congress. (2) Paragraph (1) applies to a determination
made by the President by Executive order that

the rule should take effect because such rule is— (A) necessary because of an imminent threat
to health or safety or other emergency; (B) necessary for the enforcement of crimi

nal laws; (C) necessary for national security; or (D) issued pursuant to any statute imple

menting an international trade agreement.

(3) An exercise by the President of the author

ity under this subsection shall have no effect on
the procedures under section 802 or the effect of
a joint resolution of disapproval under this sec

tion. (d)(1) In addition to the opportunity for review
otherwise provided under this chapter, in the
case of any rule for which a report was submit

ted in accordance with subsection (a)(1)(A) dur

ing the period beginning on the date occurring— (A) in the case of the Senate, 60 session days,

or (B) in the case of the House of Representa

tives, 60 legislative days,

before the date the Congress adjourns a session
of Congress through the date on which the same
or succeeding Congress first convenes its next
session, section 802 shall apply to such rule in
the succeeding session of Congress. (2)(A) In applying section 802 for purposes of
such additional review, a rule described under
paragraph (1) shall be treated as though— (i) such rule were published in the Federal
Register (as a rule that shall take effect) on— (I) in the case of the Senate, the 15th ses

sion day, or (II) in the case of the House of Representa

tives, the 15th legislative day,

after the succeeding session of Congress first
convenes; and (ii) a report on such rule were submitted to
Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.

(B) Nothing in this paragraph shall be con

strued to affect the requirement under sub

section (a)(1) that a report shall be submitted to
Congress before a rule can take effect. (3) A rule described under paragraph (1) shall
take effect as otherwise provided by law (includ

ing other subsections of this section). (e)(1) For purposes of this subsection, section
802 shall also apply to any major rule promul

gated between March 1, 1996, and the date of the
enactment of this chapter. (2) In applying section 802 for purposes of Con

gressional review, a rule described under para

graph (1) shall be treated as though— (A) such rule were published in the Federal
Register on the date of enactment of this
chapter; and (B) a report on such rule were submitted to
Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.

(3) The effectiveness of a rule described under
paragraph (1) shall be as otherwise provided by
law, unless the rule is made of no force or effect

under section 802. (f) Any rule that takes effect and later is made
of no force or effect by enactment of a joint res

olution under section 802 shall be treated as
though such rule had never taken effect.
(g) If the Congress does not enact a joint reso

lution of disapproval under section 802 respect

ing a rule, no court or agency may infer any in

tent of the Congress from any action or inaction
of the Congress with regard to such rule, related
statute, or joint resolution of disapproval.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29,
1996, 110 Stat. 868.)

R EFERENCES IN T EXT

Sections 202, 203, 204, and 205 of the Unfunded Man

dates Reform Act of 1995, referred to in subsec.
(a)(1)(B)(iii), are classified to sections 1532, 1533, 1534,
and 1535, respectively, of Title 2, The Congress.
The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to
in subsec. (e)(1), (2), is the date of the enactment of
Pub. L. 104–121, which was approved Mar. 29, 1996.

E FFECTIVE D ATE

Section 252 of Pub. L. 104–121 provided that: ‘‘The
amendment made by section 351 [probably means sec

tion 251, enacting this chapter] shall take effect on the
date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 29, 1996].’’

T RUTH IN R EGULATING

Pub. L. 106–312, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1248, as amend

ed by Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814,
provided that:

‘‘SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

‘‘This Act may be cited as the ‘Truth in Regulating

Act of 2000’.

‘‘SEC. 2. PURPOSES.

‘‘The purposes of this Act are to—
‘‘(1) increase the transparency of important regu

latory decisions;
‘‘(2) promote effective congressional oversight to
ensure that agency rules fulfill statutory require

ments in an efficient, effective, and fair manner; and
‘‘(3) increase the accountability of Congress and the
agencies to the people they serve.

‘‘SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

‘‘In this Act, the term—
‘‘(1) ‘agency’ has the meaning given such term
under section 551(1) of title 5, United States Code;
‘‘(2) ‘economically significant rule’ means any pro

posed or final rule, including an interim or direct
final rule, that may have an annual effect on the
economy of $100,000,000 or more or adversely affect in
a material way the economy, a sector of the econ

omy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environ

ment, public health or safety, or State, local, or trib

al governments or communities; and
‘‘(3) ‘independent evaluation’ means a substantive
evaluation of the agency’s data, methodology, and as

sumptions used in developing the economically sig

nificant rule, including—
‘‘(A) an explanation of how any strengths or
weaknesses in those data, methodology, and as

sumptions support or detract from conclusions
reached by the agency; and
‘‘(B) the implications, if any, of those strengths
or weaknesses for the rulemaking.

‘‘SEC. 4. PILOT PROJECT FOR REPORT ON RULES.

‘‘(a) I N G ENERAL .— ‘‘(1) R EQUEST FOR REVIEW .—When an agency pub

lishes an economically significant rule, a chairman
or ranking member of a committee of jurisdiction of
either House of Congress may request the Comptrol

ler General of the United States to review the rule.
‘‘(2) R EPORT .—The Comptroller General shall sub

mit a report on each economically significant rule se

-Page 115 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 802

lected under paragraph (4) to the committees of juris

diction in each House of Congress not later than 180
calendar days after a committee request is received.
The report shall include an independent evaluation of
the economically significant rule by the Comptroller

General. ‘‘(3) I NDEPENDENT EVALUATION .—The independent
evaluation of the economically significant rule by
the Comptroller General under paragraph (2) shall in

clude— ‘‘(A) an evaluation of the agency’s analysis of the
potential benefits of the rule, including any bene

ficial effects that cannot be quantified in monetary
terms and the identification of the persons or enti

ties likely to receive the benefits; ‘‘(B) an evaluation of the agency’s analysis of the
potential costs of the rule, including any adverse
effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms
and the identification of the persons or entities
likely to bear the costs; ‘‘(C) an evaluation of the agency’s analysis of al

ternative approaches set forth in the notice of pro

posed rulemaking and in the rulemaking record, as
well as of any regulatory impact analysis, federal

ism assessment, or other analysis or assessment
prepared by the agency or required for the economi

cally significant rule; and ‘‘(D) a summary of the results of the evaluation
of the Comptroller General and the implications of

those results. ‘‘(4) P ROCEDURES FOR PRIORITIES OF REQUESTS .—The
Comptroller General shall have discretion to develop
procedures for determining the priority and number
of requests for review under paragraph (1) for which
a report will be submitted under paragraph (2). ‘‘(b) A UTHORITY OF C OMPTROLLER G ENERAL .—Each
agency shall promptly cooperate with the Comptroller
General in carrying out this Act. Nothing in this Act is
intended to expand or limit the authority of the Gov

ernment Accountability Office.

‘‘SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to the Gov

ernment Accountability Office to carry out this Act
$5,200,000 for each of fiscal years 2000 through 2002.

‘‘SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE AND DURATION OF

PILOT PROJECT.

‘‘(a) E FFECTIVE D ATE .—This Act and the amendments
made by this Act shall take effect 90 days after the
date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2000]. ‘‘(b) D URATION OF P ILOT P ROJECT .—The pilot project
under this Act shall continue for a period of 3 years, if
in each fiscal year, or portion thereof included in that
period, a specific annual appropriation not less than
$5,200,000 or the pro-rated equivalent thereof shall have
been made for the pilot project. ‘‘(c) R EPORT .—Before the conclusion of the 3-year pe

riod, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress
a report reviewing the effectiveness of the pilot project
and recommending whether or not Congress should per

manently authorize the pilot project.’’

§ 802. Congressional disapproval procedure

(a) For purposes of this section, the term
‘‘joint resolution’’ means only a joint resolution
introduced in the period beginning on the date
on which the report referred to in section
801(a)(1)(A) is received by Congress and ending 60
days thereafter (excluding days either House of
Congress is adjourned for more than 3 days dur

ing a session of Congress), the matter after the
resolving clause of which is as follows: ‘‘That
Congress disapproves the rule submitted by the

ll relating to

ll , and such rule shall have no
force or effect.’’ (The blank spaces being appro

priately filled in). (b)(1) A joint resolution described in sub

section (a) shall be referred to the committees
in each House of Congress with jurisdiction. (2) For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘sub

mission or publication date’’ means the later of

the date on which— (A) the Congress receives the report submit

ted under section 801(a)(1); or (B) the rule is published in the Federal Reg

ister, if so published.

(c) In the Senate, if the committee to which is
referred a joint resolution described in sub

section (a) has not reported such joint resolu

tion (or an identical joint resolution) at the end
of 20 calendar days after the submission or pub

lication date defined under subsection (b)(2),
such committee may be discharged from further
consideration of such joint resolution upon a pe

tition supported in writing by 30 Members of the
Senate, and such joint resolution shall be placed

on the calendar. (d)(1) In the Senate, when the committee to
which a joint resolution is referred has reported,
or when a committee is discharged (under sub

section (c)) from further consideration of a joint
resolution described in subsection (a), it is at
any time thereafter in order (even though a pre

vious motion to the same effect has been dis

agreed to) for a motion to proceed to the consid

eration of the joint resolution, and all points of
order against the joint resolution (and against
consideration of the joint resolution) are
waived. The motion is not subject to amend

ment, or to a motion to postpone, or to a motion
to proceed to the consideration of other busi

ness. A motion to reconsider the vote by which
the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not
be in order. If a motion to proceed to the consid

eration of the joint resolution is agreed to, the
joint resolution shall remain the unfinished
business of the Senate until disposed of. (2) In the Senate, debate on the joint resolu

tion, and on all debatable motions and appeals
in connection therewith, shall be limited to not
more than 10 hours, which shall be divided
equally between those favoring and those oppos

ing the joint resolution. A motion further to

limit debate is in order and not debatable. An
amendment to, or a motion to postpone, or a
motion to proceed to the consideration of other
business, or a motion to recommit the joint res

olution is not in order. (3) In the Senate, immediately following the
conclusion of the debate on a joint resolution
described in subsection (a), and a single quorum
call at the conclusion of the debate if requested
in accordance with the rules of the Senate, the
vote on final passage of the joint resolution

shall occur. (4) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair re

lating to the application of the rules of the Sen

ate to the procedure relating to a joint resolu

tion described in subsection (a) shall be decided

without debate. (e) In the Senate the procedure specified in
subsection (c) or (d) shall not apply to the con

sideration of a joint resolution respecting a

rule— (1) after the expiration of the 60 session days
beginning with the applicable submission or
publication date, or (2) if the report under section 801(a)(1)(A)
was submitted during the period referred to in
section 801(d)(1), after the expiration of the 60Page 116 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 803

session days beginning on the 15th session day
after the succeeding session of Congress first

convenes.

(f) If, before the passage by one House of a
joint resolution of that House described in sub

section (a), that House receives from the other
House a joint resolution described in subsection
(a), then the following procedures shall apply: (1) The joint resolution of the other House

shall not be referred to a committee. (2) With respect to a joint resolution de

scribed in subsection (a) of the House receiv

ing the joint resolution— (A) the procedure in that House shall be
the same as if no joint resolution had been
received from the other House; but (B) the vote on final passage shall be on
the joint resolution of the other House.

(g) This section is enacted by Congress— (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of
the Senate and House of Representatives, re

spectively, and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but ap

plicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of a joint
resolution described in subsection (a), and it
supersedes other rules only to the extent that
it is inconsistent with such rules; and (2) with full recognition of the constitu

tional right of either House to change the
rules (so far as relating to the procedure of
that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any

other rule of that House.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29,
1996, 110 Stat. 871.)

§ 803. Special rule on statutory, regulatory, and judicial deadlines

(a) In the case of any deadline for, relating to,
or involving any rule which does not take effect
(or the effectiveness of which is terminated) be

cause of enactment of a joint resolution under
section 802, that deadline is extended until the
date 1 year after the date of enactment of the
joint resolution. Nothing in this subsection
shall be construed to affect a deadline merely by
reason of the postponement of a rule’s effective
date under section 801(a). (b) The term ‘‘deadline’’ means any date cer

tain for fulfilling any obligation or exercising
any authority established by or under any Fed

eral statute or regulation, or by or under any
court order implementing any Federal statute
or regulation.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29,
1996, 110 Stat. 873.)

§ 804. Definitions

For purposes of this chapter— (1) The term ‘‘Federal agency’’ means any
agency as that term is defined in section
551(1). (2) The term ‘‘major rule’’ means any rule

that the Administrator of the Office of Infor

mation and Regulatory Affairs of the Office of
Management and Budget finds has resulted in
or is likely to result in— (A) an annual effect on the economy of
$100,000,000 or more; (B) a major increase in costs or prices for
consumers, individual industries, Federal,
State, or local government agencies, or geo

graphic regions; or
(C) significant adverse effects on competi

tion, employment, investment, productivity,
innovation, or on the ability of United
States-based enterprises to compete with
foreign-based enterprises in domestic and ex

port markets.

The term does not include any rule promul

gated under the Telecommunications Act of
1996 and the amendments made by that Act.
(3) The term ‘‘rule’’ has the meaning given
such term in section 551, except that such

term does not include—
(A) any rule of particular applicability, in

cluding a rule that approves or prescribes for
the future rates, wages, prices, services, or
allowances therefor, corporate or financial
structures, reorganizations, mergers, or ac

quisitions thereof, or accounting practices
or disclosures bearing on any of the fore

going;
(B) any rule relating to agency manage

ment or personnel; or
(C) any rule of agency organization, proce

dure, or practice that does not substantially
affect the rights or obligations of non-agen

cy parties.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29,
1996, 110 Stat. 873.)

R EFERENCES IN T EXT

The Telecommunications Act of 1996, referred to in
par. (2), is Pub. L. 104–104, Feb. 8, 1996, 110 Stat. 56. For
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title of 1996 Amendment note set out under sec

tion 609 of Title 47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radio

telegraphs, and Tables.

§ 805. Judicial review

No determination, finding, action, or omission
under this chapter shall be subject to judicial

review.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29,
1996, 110 Stat. 873.)

§ 806. Applicability; severability

(a) This chapter shall apply notwithstanding
any other provision of law.
(b) If any provision of this chapter or the ap

plication of any provision of this chapter to any
person or circumstance, is held invalid, the ap

plication of such provision to other persons or
circumstances, and the remainder of this chap

ter, shall not be affected thereby.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29,
1996, 110 Stat. 873.)

§ 807. Exemption for monetary policy

Nothing in this chapter shall apply to rules
that concern monetary policy proposed or im

plemented by the Board of Governors of the Fed

eral Reserve System or the Federal Open Mar

ket Committee.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29,
1996, 110 Stat. 874.)Page 117 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 901

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline. § 808. Effective date of certain rules

Notwithstanding section 801— (1) any rule that establishes, modifies,
opens, closes, or conducts a regulatory pro

gram for a commercial, recreational, or sub

sistence activity related to hunting, fishing,
or camping, or (2) any rule which an agency for good cause
finds (and incorporates the finding and a brief

statement of reasons therefor in the rule is

sued) that notice and public procedure thereon
are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to
the public interest,

shall take effect at such time as the Federal
agency promulgating the rule determines.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29,
1996, 110 Stat. 874.)

CHAPTER 9—EXECUTIVE REORGANIZATION

Sec.

901. Purpose.

902. Definitions.

903. Reorganization plans.

904. Additional contents of reorganization plan.

905. Limitations on powers. 1

906. Effective date and publication of reorganiza

tion plans.

907. Effect on other laws, pending legal proceed

ings, and unexpended appropriations.

908. Rules of Senate and House of Representatives

on reorganization plans.

909. Terms of resolution.

910. Introduction and reference of resolution.

911. Discharge of committee considering resolu

tion.

912. Procedure after report or discharge of com

mittee; debate; vote on final passage.
[913. Omitted.]

A MENDMENTS

1984—Pub. L. 98–614, §3(e)(3), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3193,
substituted ‘‘passage’’ for ‘‘disapproval’’ in item 912.
1977—Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 29, reen

acted chapter heading and items 901 to 903, 905 to 909,
and 911 without change, substituted ‘‘plan’’ for ‘‘plans’’

in item 904 and ‘‘Introduction and reference of resolu

tion’’ for ‘‘Reference of resolution to committee’’ in
item 910, inserted ‘‘; vote on final disapproval’’ in item
912, and omitted item 913 ‘‘Decisions without debate on
motion to postpone or proceed’’.

§ 901. Purpose

(a) The Congress declares that it is the policy

of the United States—
(1) to promote the better execution of the
laws, the more effective management of the
executive branch and of its agencies and func

tions, and the expeditious administration of
the public business;
(2) to reduce expenditures and promote econ

omy to the fullest extent consistent with the
efficient operation of the Government;
(3) to increase the efficiency of the oper

ations of the Government to the fullest extent
practicable;
(4) to group, coordinate, and consolidate
agencies and functions of the Government, as
nearly as may be, according to major pur

poses; (5) to reduce the number of agencies by con

solidating those having similar functions under a single head, and to abolish such agen

cies or functions thereof as may not be nec

essary for the efficient conduct of the Govern

ment; and
(6) to eliminate overlapping and duplication

of effort.

(b) Congress declares that the public interest
demands the carrying out of the purposes of sub

section (a) of this section and that the purposes
may be accomplished in great measure by pro

ceeding under this chapter, and can be accom

plished more speedily thereby than by the en

actment of specific legislation.
(c) It is the intent of Congress that the Presi

dent should provide appropriate means for broad
citizen advice and participation in restructuring
and reorganizing the executive branch.
(d) The President shall from time to time ex

amine the organization of all agencies and shall
determine what changes in such organization
are necessary to carry out any policy set forth
in subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 394; Pub. L.
92–179, §1, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 574; Pub. L.
95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 29.)

H ISTORICAL AND R EVISION N OTES

Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large

.................. 5 U.S.C. 133z. June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §2, 63

Stat. 203.

In subsection (a), the words ‘‘from time to time ex

amine’’ are substituted for ‘‘examine and from time to

time reexamine’’ since the initial examination has been
executed. The words ‘‘of the Government’’ following
‘‘agencies’’ are omitted as unnecessary in view of the
definition of ‘‘agency’’ in section 902. In subsection
(a)(1), the words ‘‘of the Government’’ following ‘‘exec

utive branch’’ are omitted as unnecessary and to con

form to the style of this title.
Standard changes are made to conform with the defi

nitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined
in the preface to the report.

C ODIFICATION

Section 901(c) of former Title 5, Executive Depart

ments and Government Officers and Employees, was
transferred to section 60e–2(a) of Title 2, The Congress.

A MENDMENTS

1977—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 95–17 reenacted sub

secs. (a) and (b) without change, added subsec. (c), and
redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).
1971—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–179, §1(a), substituted
‘‘The Congress declares that it is the policy of the

United States’’ for ‘‘The President shall from time to
time examine the organization of all agencies and shall
determine what changes therein are necessary to ac

complish the following purposes’’ preceding par. (1).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–179, §1(b), added subsec. (c)
consisting of provisions formerly set out preceding par.
(1) of subsec. (a).

S HORT T ITLE OF 1984 A MENDMENT

Pub. L. 98–614, §1, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192, provided:
‘‘That this Act [amending sections 903 to 906 and 908 to
912 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Reorganization

Act Amendments of 1984’.’’

S HORT T ITLE OF 1977 A MENDMENT

Section 1 of Pub. L. 95–17 provided: ‘‘That this Act
[amending this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Reorga

nization Act of 1977’.’’