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Revised Express Terms

Part 228, Surface Coating Processes, Commercial and Industrial Adhesives, Sealants and Primers

Existing Part 228, Surface Coating is re-numbered and revised as Subpart 228-1 below.

Add new Subpart 228-2, Commercial and Industrial Adhesives, Sealants and Primers below. 

[Part 228] Subpart 228-1 Surface Coating Processes 

Section [228.1] 228-1.1 Permit Requirements and applicability

a) ‘Permit requirements’. Every owner or operator of a facility containing a coating line described in 

Table 1 of section [228.7] 228-1.7 or in Table 2 of section [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart and which 

meets the applicability criteria set forth in subdivision (b) or (c) of this section must apply for a Title V facility 

permit, a State facility permit or a registration under Part 201, Permits and Registrations, of this Title as 

appropriate. Every owner or operator of a facility applying for a Title V facility permit or State facility permit 

must:

(1) identify the method(s) (‘e.g.’, sampling, testing, etc.), if any, that will be used to comply with 

the requirements of this [Part] Subpart;

(2) where applicable, provide a process specific reasonably available control technology (RACT) 

determination under subdivision [228.3(e)] 228-1.3(e) of this [Part] Subpart unless the RACT

demonstration has already been approved by the department and the administrator and a reevaluation 

frequency for the RACT determination is included in the facility's existing Title V facility permit or 

State facility permit; and
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(3) where applicable, submit evidence to demonstrate that the shutdown of a natural gas fired 

VOC incinerator pursuant to section [228.3(b)] 228-1.3(b) of this [Part] Subpart will not jeopardize air 

quality.

(b) Except as provided in subdivision (e) of this section, every owner or operator of a facility containing 

a coating line described in paragraphs (1) through (5) of this subdivision must comply with the provisions of 

this Part, applicable to relevant coating line, upon start-up:

(1) a coating line listed in Table 1 of section [228.7] 228-1.7 or in Table 2 of section [228.8] 228-

1.8 of this [Part] Subpart and located in the New York City metropolitan area;

(2) a coating line listed in Table 1 of section [228.7] 228-1.7 of this [Part] Subpart and located in

the Lower Orange County metropolitan area, for which the annual potential to emit volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs) from all sources at the facility, regardless of process type but excluding combustion 

installations, equal or exceeds 10 tons;

(3) a coating line listed in Table 2 of section [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart and located in 

Lower Orange County metropolitan area, for which the annual potential to emit VOCs from all sources 

at the facility, regardless of process type but excluding combustion installations, equals or exceeds 25 

tons;

(4) a coating line listed in Table 1 of section [228.7] 228-1.7 of this [Part] Subpart and located

outside the New York City metropolitan area and the Lower Orange County metropolitan area, for 

which the annual potential to emit VOCs from all sources at the facility, regardless of process type but 

excluding combustion installations, equals or exceeds 10 tons; and
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(5) a coating line listed in Table 2 of section [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart and located

outside the New York City metropolitan area and Lower Orange County metropolitan area, for which 

the annual potential to emit VOCs from all sources at the facility, regardless of process type but 

excluding combustion installations, equals or exceeds 50 tons.

(c) Every owner or operator of a facility that applies mobile equipment repair and refinishing or colormatched coatings to mobile equipment or mobile equipment components regardless of the facility's location or 

annual potential to emit VOCs must be in compliance with this [Part] Subpart by January 1, 2005.

(d) Any coating line that is or becomes subject to the provisions of this [Part] Subpart, will remain

subject to these provisions even if the annual potential to emit VOCs for the facility later falls below the 

thresholds set forth in subdivision (b) of this section.

(e) This [Part] Subpart does not apply to the following:

(1) research and development processes involving surface coatings which produce a product for 

study rather than eventual sale;

(2) adhesives and materials used to prepare a surface for adhesion where the coating is manually 

applied without the use of mechanical means;

(3) sealant or filler used to seal or fill seams, joints, holes and minor imperfections of the surface 

where the coating is manually applied without the use of mechanical means;

(4) anti-corrosive wax and heat resistant anti-corrosive coatings used in the manufacture of 

automobile door opening seams and floor pans respectively;
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(5) clear or translucent coatings, applied to clear or translucent plastic substrates which are 

utilized in the manufacture of back-lighted outdoor signs;

(6) coatings which are applied manually with a brush, roller, or an aerosol spray can;

(7) aerospace coatings which are utilized for pretreatment, adhesive bonding primers, flight 

testing, fuel tanks, electric/radiation effects, space vehicles and temporary mechanical maskant/high 

temperature heat treatment;

(8) clear and pearlescent coatings applied to plastic fashion items such as beads, buttons, buckles 

or other plastic accessories;

(9) coatings used in the manufacture of optical lenses at a facility whose annual potential to emit 

VOCs is 10 tons or less;

(10) reflective coatings applied to highway cones;

(11) electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) coatings applied on 

plastic electronic equipment to provide shielding against electromagnetic interference, or static charge;

(12) electric dissipating coatings that rapidly dissipate a high-voltage electric charge applied on 

plastic parts;

(13) low-use surface coatings used for intermittent or specialty-type operations, where the 

combined facility-wide total usage is 55 gallons or less on a 12-month rolling basis. Records of low-use 

surface coatings usage must be maintained on an as used basis in a format acceptable to the department 

in accordance with the recordkeeping provisions of section [228.5] 228-1.5 of this [Part] Subpart. Motor

vehicle refinishing coating lines may qualify for this exemption prior to January 1, 2005. Beginning 

January 1, 2005, mobile equipment repair and refinishing or color matched coating lines will not qualify 

for this exemption;
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(14) mobile equipment repair and refinishing or color-matched coatings applied to mobile 

equipment or mobile equipment components if the person applying the coatings does not receive 

compensation;

(15) powder coatings;

(16) prior to January 1, 2005, mobile vehicle refinishing where the facility:

(i) applies coatings using high volume low pressure spraying with a maximum cap 

pressure of 10.0 psig;

(ii) cleans spray guns using techniques that minimize VOCs emissions;

(iii) uses coatings that do not exceed the appropriate VOC content limits in Table 2 of 

section [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart;

(iv) exhausts emissions into appropriate emission control equipment;

(v) applies coatings to work areas that do not exceed 9.0 square feet; and

(vi) uses a quantity of coatings and cleaning solvents on an annual basis that does not 

exceed 55 gallons. The owner or operator of the facility must retain for five years records of the 

quantity of coatings and cleaning solvents used on an annual basis; and

(17) beginning January 1, 2005, mobile equipment repair and refinishing or color-matched 

coatings where the facility:

(i) applies coatings using high volume low pressure spraying with a maximum cap 

pressure of 10.0 psig;

(ii) cleans spray guns using techniques that minimize VOC emissions;
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(iii) uses coatings that do not exceed the appropriate VOC content limits in Table 2 of 

section [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart;

(iv) exhausts emissions into appropriate emission control equipment;

(v) applies coatings to work areas that do not exceed 9.0 square feet; and

(vi) uses a quantity of coatings and cleaning solvents on an annual basis that does not 

exceed 55 gallons. The owner or operator of the facility must retain for five years records of the 

quantity of coatings and cleaning solvents used on an annual basis.

Section [228.2] 228-1.2 Definitions

(a) To the extent that they are not inconsistent with the specific definitions in subdivision (b) of this 

section, the general definitions of Part 200 of this Title apply.

(b) For the purposes of this [Part] Subpart, the following specific definitions apply:

(1) ‘Aerospace coating’. A material applied to an aerospace vehicle or component to form a 

decorative, protective, functional solid film or the solid film itself.

(2) ‘Airless spray’. A spray coating method in which the coating is atomized by forcing it 

through a small nozzle opening at high pressure and which is not mixed with air before exiting from the 

nozzle opening.

(3) ‘Automotive elastomeric coating’. A coating designed for application over flexible mobile 

equipment surfaces and mobile equipment components, such as elastomeric bumpers.

(4) ‘Automotive jambing clearcoat’. A fast-drying, ready-to-spray clearcoat applied to surfaces 

such as door jambs and trunk and hood edges to allow for quick closure.
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(5) ‘Automotive lacquer’. A thermoplastic coating applied directly to bare metal of mobile 

equipment surfaces and mobile equipment components which dries primarily by VOC solvent

evaporation, and is re-soluble in its original VOC solvent.

(6) ‘Automotive low-gloss coating’. A coating which exhibits a gloss reading less than or equal 

to 25 on a 60 degree glossmeter.

(7) ‘Automotive multi-colored topcoat’. A topcoat that exhibits more than one color, is packaged 

in a single container, and camouflages surface defects on areas of heavy use, such as cargo beds and 

other surfaces of trucks and other utility vehicles.

(8) ‘Automotive pretreatment primer’. A primer that contains a minimum of 0.5 percent acid, by 

weight, that is applied directly to bare metal surfaces of mobile equipment surfaces and mobile 

equipment components to provide corrosion resistance and to promote adhesion of subsequent coatings.

(9) ‘Automotive primer-sealer’. A coating applied to mobile equipment and mobile equipment 

components prior to the application of a topcoat for the purpose of providing corrosion resistance, 

promoting adhesion of subsequent coatings, promoting color uniformity, and promoting the ability of 

the undercoat to resist penetration by the topcoat.

(10) ‘Automotive primer surfacer’. A coating applied to mobile equipment and mobile 

equipment components prior to the application of topcoat for the purpose of filling surface imperfections 

in the substrate, providing corrosion resistance, or promoting adhesion of subsequent coatings.

(11) ‘Automotive specialty coatings’. Coatings including but not limited to: elastomeric coatings, 

adhesion promoters, low-gloss coatings, bright metal trim repair coatings, jambing clearcoats, impact 

resistant coatings, rubberized asphaltic underbody coatings, uniform finish blenders, and weld-through 
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primers applied to automotive surfaces; and automotive lacquer topcoats applied to a classic motor 

vehicle or motor vehicle components.

(12) ‘Automotive topcoat’. A coating or series of coatings applied over an automotive primersurfacer, automotive primer-sealer or existing finish on mobile equipment and mobile equipment 

components for the purpose of protection and/of beautification.

(13) ‘Automotive touch-up repair’. The application of automotive topcoat finish materials to 

cover minor finishing imperfections no greater than one inch in diameter.

(14) ‘Building enclosure’. A building housing process that meets the requirements of a

temporary total enclosure. 40 CFR part 51, Appendix M, Method 204E (see Table 1, section 200.9 of 

this Title) is used to identify all emission points from the building enclosure and to determine which 

emission points must be tested as set forth in the EPA guidance document entitled ‘Guidelines for 

Determining Capture Efficiency’ (see Table 1, section 200.9 of this Title).

(15) ‘Capture efficiency (CE)’. The fraction of all VOC vapors generated by a coating line that 

is directed to a control device.

(16) ‘Capture System’. All the equipment including but not limited to: hoods, ducts, fans, 

booths, ovens, or dryers that contain, collect, and transport an air pollutant to a control device.

(17) ‘Certification’. Documentation furnished for coatings and adhesives as applied using EPA 

Method 311 or 24 as presented in Appendices A of both 40 CFR parts 63 and 60, respectively (see Table 

1, section 200.9 of this Title), manufacturer's formulation data, or an alternative method approved by the 

administrator and the department. If there are any inconsistencies between the results of an EPA 

reference method test and any other means of determining the VOC content of a coating, then the EPA 

reference method test results will govern.
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(18) ‘Classic motor vehicle’. A motor vehicle manufactured before January 1, 1988 which has 

been maintained in, or restored to, a condition which is substantially in conformity with manufacturer 

specifications and appearance.

(19) ‘Clear coating’. A coating which lacks color and opacity or is transparent and uses the 

undercoat as a reflectant base or under-tone color.

(20) ‘Clear topcoat’. The final coating, which contains binders but not opaque pigments and 

which is specifically formulated to form a transparent or translucent solid protective film on wood 

furniture.

(21) ‘Coating or surface coating’. A material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for 

protective, decorative, or functional purposes. Such materials include but are not limited to: paints, 

varnishes, primers, sealants, adhesives, inks, and maskants.

(22) ‘Coating line’. The application of one or more surface coatings, using one or more 

applicators, together with any associated drying or curing areas. A single coating line ends after drying 

or curing and before other surface coatings are applied. For any web coating line this term means an 

entire coating application system, including any associated drying ovens or areas located between an 

unwind station and rewind station, that is used to apply surface coatings onto a continuous strip or web. 

It is not necessary to have an oven or flash area in order to be included in this definition.

(23) ‘Coating system’. A series of surface coatings applied sequentially at the same coating line.

(24) ‘Color-matching coating’. A coating which is applied over a manufacturer's coating in 

order to, but not limited to, match colors, add designs or logos to mobile equipment and/or mobile 

equipment components of a company's mobile vehicle fleet.
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(25) ‘Container’. Any portable device in which a material is stored, transported, or otherwise 

handled.

(26) ‘Curtain coating’. The application of a coating to an object by moving the object through a

falling curtain of coating.

(27) ‘Data quality objective approach’. A set of approval criteria that must be met so that data 

from an alternative test method can be used in determining the CE of a control system as set forth in the 

EPA guidance document entitled ‘Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency’ (see Table 1, section 

200.9 of this Title).

(28) ‘Dip coating’. The application of a coating by immersing an object into the coating.

(29) ‘Excluded VOC’. Any of the compounds expressly excluded from the definition of volatile 

organic compound in section 200.1 of this Title.

(30) ‘Extreme performance coating’. A coating formulated for and exposed to harsh 

environmental conditions, including, but not limited to, continuous exposure to outside weather, 

temperatures consistently above 95°C, temperatures consistently below 0°C, solvents, detergents, 

abrasives, scouring agents or corrosive gases and fluids.

(31) ‘Flow coating’. The application of a coating by flowing the coating over an object and

completely covering the surface.

(32) ‘High volume low pressure spray’. The application of a coating by means of a spray gun 

which operates between 0.1 and 10.00 pounds per square inch gauge air cap pressure.

(33) ‘Lower confidence limit approach’. A set of approval criteria that must be met so that data 

from an alternative test method can be used in determining the CE of a control system as set forth in the 
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EPA guidance document entitled ‘Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency’ (see Table 1, section 

200.9 of this Title).

(34) ‘Manufacturer's formulation data’. Data on a material (such as a coating) that are supplied 

by the material manufacturer based on knowledge of the ingredients used to manufacture the material, 

rather than based on an EPA reference test method. Manufacturer's formulation data may include but 

are not limited to: information on density, VOC content, and coating solids content.

(35) ‘Maximum permitted pounds of VOC per gallon of coating, minus water and excluded VOC 

at application’. The permissible quantity of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded VOC 

at application, is specified in Tables 1 and 2 of this [Part] Subpart. The actual VOC content of the as 

applied coating is calculated as follows:

where:

(VOC)a is the VOC content of a coating, as applied, expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon of 

coating minus water and excluded VOC

(Wv)a is the pounds of total volatiles per gallon of an as applied coating

(Ww)a is the pounds of water per gallon of an as applied coating

(Vw)a is the gallons of water per gallon of an as applied coating

(We)a is the pounds of excluded VOC per gallon of an as applied coating

(Ve)a is the gallons of excluded VOC per gallon of an as applied coating
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(36) ‘Mobile equipment’. Equipment which may be driven, or is capable of being driven on a 

roadway, including but not limited to:

(i) passenger cars, vans, sport utility vehicles;

(ii) trucks, truck cabs, truck bodies and truck trailers;

(iii) buses;

(iv) motorcycles;

(v) utility bodies;

(vi) camper shells;

(vii) mobile cranes;

(viii) bulldozers;

(ix) street cleaners;

(x) golf carts;

(xi) ground support vehicles, used in support of aircraft activities at airports; and

(xii) farm equipment.

(37) ‘Natural finish hardwood plywood panels’. Panels whose original grain pattern, frequently

supplemented by fillers or toners, is enhanced by essentially transparent finishes.

(38) ‘Opaque stain’. Any stain that contains pigments but which is not classified as a 

semitransparent stain, including stains, glazes, and other opaque materials applied to wood surfaces.
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(39) ‘Overall removal efficiency’. The total reduction of VOC emissions attributable to the use 

of both the capture system and the control equipment.

(40) ‘Permanent total enclosure’. An enclosure that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 

63.805(e)(1)(i) through (iv) (see Table 1, section 200.9 of this Title).

(41) ‘Pigmented coat’. Opaque coatings, applied either as an undercoat or a topcoat, that contain 

binders and colored pigments, and are formulated to conceal the wood surface.

(42) ‘Plastic parts’. Plastic parts are parts made from a substance that has been formed from a 

resin through the application of heat, pressure or both. These include but are not limited to 

thermoplastics and thermosets such as acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylic (AC), cellulosics, 

nylon, polycarbonatevinyls, xenoy, melamines, polyester (BMC), reaction injection molding (RIM), and 

polyurethanes (PU). These also include composites such as fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FPR), which 

are comprised of thermosetting or thermoplastic resins and fibers, filaments, or fine powders.

(43) ‘Powder coating’. Any coating applied as dry finely divided solid (without solvent or other 

carrier) which, when melted or fused, adheres to the substrate as a paint film.

(44) ‘Printed interior panels’. Panels whose grain or natural surface is obscured by fillers and 

basecoats upon which a simulated grain or decorative pattern is printed.

(45) ‘Sealer’. A coating which contains binders that seal a wood surface prior to application of a 

subsequent coating.

(46) ‘Semi-transparent stain’. Stains that contain dyes and/or semi-transparent pigments and are 

formulated to enhance wood grain and to change the color of the surface, but not to conceal the surface; 

including sap stain, toner, nongrain raising stain, pad stain, spatter stain and other semi-transparent 

stains.
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(47) ‘Solids as applied’. The part of the coating which remains after the coating is dried or 

cured. Solids content is determined using Method 311 or Method 24 as presented in Appendix A of 

both 40 CFR parts 63 and 60, respectively (see Table 1, section 200.9 of this Title), manufacturer's 

formulation data, or an alternative method approved by the administrator and the department. If there 

are any inconsistencies between the results of an EPA reference method test and any other means of 

determining the VOC content of a coating, then the EPA reference method test results will govern.

(48) ‘Solvent’. A substance that is liquid at standard conditions and is used to dissolve or dilute 

another substance; this term includes but is not limited to: organic materials used as dissolvers, viscosity

reducers, degreasing agents, or cleaning agents. Any excluded VOC is not a solvent.

(49) ‘Substrate’. The surface onto which a coating is applied or into which a coating is 

impregnated.

(50) ‘Temporary total enclosure’. An enclosure that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 

63.805(e)(1)(i) through (iv) (see Table 1, section 200.9 of this Title), is not permanent, and is 

constructed only to measure the CE of pollutants emitted from a given source.

(51) ‘Wash coat’. A coating which contains binders that raise wood surfaces, prevent undesired 

staining, and control penetration.

Section [228.3] 228-1.3 Volatile organic compound emission control requirements

(a) Use of coatings that exceed the maximum permitted pounds of VOC per gallon, minus water and 

excluded VOC at application specified in Table 1 of section [228.7] 228-1.7 or Table 2 of section [228.8] 228-

1.8 of this [Part] Subpart is prohibited, unless a coating system meeting the requirements of subdivision (d) of 

this section is utilized, control equipment meeting the requirements of subdivisions (b) and (c) of this section is 

installed and operated, or a process specific RACT variance is granted under subdivision (e) of this section.
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(b) Any VOC incinerator used as control equipment must be designed and operated to provide, at a 

minimum, an 80 percent overall removal efficiency. The department may allow an owner or operator of a 

facility which uses a natural gas fired VOC incinerator as a control device for coating lines subject to this [Part]

Subpart, to shut down the VOC incinerator from November 1

st through March 31st for the purposes of natural 

gas conservation, provided the department has determined that this action will not jeopardize air quality.

(c) The overall removal efficiency of an air cleaning device used as a control strategy must be 

determined, for every surface coating formulation, on a solids as applied basis using Equation 2 unless an 85 

percent or greater overall removal efficiency is achieved by the air cleaning device. The air cleaning device 

must be designed and operated to provide, at a minimum, an overall removal efficiency of either 85 percent or 

as determined by Equation 2.

where:

η is the overall removal efficiency

(VOC)c is the maximum permissible pounds of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded 

VOC at application, as set forth in Tables 1 and 2 of this [Part] Subpart

(VOC)a is the VOC content of an as applied coating, expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon of coating 

minus water and excluded VOC

(Vn)c is the volumetric fraction of solids, expressed as gallon of solids per gallon of coating minus water 

and excluded VOC, in a compliant coating expressed as:
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(Vv)c is the volumetric fraction of VOC, expressed as gallon of VOC per gallon of coating minus water 

and excluded VOC, in a compliant coating expressed as:

(Vn)a is the volumetric fraction of solids, expressed as gallon of solids per gallon of coating minus water 

and excluded VOC, in an as applied coating expressed as:

(Vv)a is the volumetric fraction of VOC, expressed as gallon of VOC per gallon of coating minus water 

and excluded VOC, in an as applied coating expressed as:

dVOC is the density of VOC as applied, ‘i.e.’, total volatiles minus water and excluded VOC, in pounds 

of VOC per gallon of VOC

(d) An owner or operator of a coating line which utilizes a coating system as a control strategy, which 

control strategy may also employ a control device, must comply with the following provisions:
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(1) the coating system must be approved by the department prior to the use of the coating system 

in the manufacture of a product for sale;

(2) coatings which are applied manually by handheld spray guns cannot be utilized in a coating 

system;

(3) the emission differential (ED) for a coating system must be determined using the formula 

below. The ED for the coating system is the sum of the individual ED values calculated for every 

coating used in the coating system. The ED calculation requirement is to be performed each time the 

series of coatings in a coating system is changed. The coating system ED must be less than or equal to 

zero before the coating system may be operated.

where:

V is the actual coating volume used, minus water and excluded VOC, in gallons

η is the overall removal efficiency, expressed as:

ηcis the percent CE, as determined by [section 228.5(e)(2)] paragraph 228-1.5(e)(2) of this [Part] 

Subpart

η d is the percent destruction and/or removal efficiency, as determined by [section 228.5(f)] 

subdivision 228-1.5(f) of this [Part] Subpart

η = 0, for coating systems without a control device and capture system
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dVOC = 7.36 pounds of VOC per gallon of VOC when (VOC)a = 0 and (Vn)a = 1

When [section 228.5(e)(1)] paragraph 228-1.5(e)(1) of this [Part] Subpart applies, η is the VOC 

solvent recovery fraction.

All other terms are defined in subdivision (c) of this section.

(4) The ED figures for the individual coating used in the coating system must be calculated on an 

instantaneous basis. There is no averaging period for individual coatings which are part of a coating 

system; and

(5) The method or instrument by which the owner or operator will measure or calculate the 

volume of coating applied must be approved by the department.

(e) ‘Process specific RACT demonstrations’.

(1) The department may allow surface coating processes to operate with a lesser degree of 

control than is required by this section provided that a process specific reasonably available control 

technology (RACT) demonstration has been made to the satisfaction of the department. Such process 

specific RACT demonstrations must be submitted to the administrator for approval as a revision to the 

State Implementation Plan and must address the technical and economic feasibility of:

(i) utilizing compliant coating(s) and/or inks;

(ii) utilizing demonstrated and proven emission control technologies which would 

achieve the required overall removal efficiency determined pursuant to subdivision (c) of this 

section;
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(iii) utilizing demonstrated and proven emission control technologies which would 

achieve a level of overall removal efficiency less than the required level determined pursuant to 

subdivision (c) of this section; and

(iv) utilizing demonstrated and proven production modification methods which would 

result in real, documented, and enforceable reductions in the VOC emissions from the process.

(2) Facilities with surface coating processes subject to this Part with an annual potential to emit 

of less than five tons of VOCs will only be required to comply with subparagraphs (1)(i) and (iv) of this 

subdivision in order to demonstrate that a lesser degree of control is RACT for these processes.

(f) ‘Mobile equipment repair and refinishing or color-matched coatings’.

(1) Beginning January 1, 2005, a person may not apply to mobile equipment or mobile 

equipment components any automotive pretreatment primer, automotive primer-surfacer, automotive 

primer-sealer, automotive topcoat or automotive specialty coatings that contain VOCs in excess of the 

limits specified in [section 228.8] section 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart.

(2) Beginning January 1, 2005, a person at a facility subject to the provisions of this subdivision 

must use one or more of the following application techniques to apply mobile equipment repair and 

refinishing or color-matched coatings listed in section [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart:

(i) flow/curtain coating;

(ii) dip coating;

(iii) cotton-tipped swab application;

(iv) electro-deposition coating;

(v) high volume low pressure spraying;
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(vi) electrostatic spray;

(vii) airless spray; and

(viii) other coating application methods approved by the department which can achieve 

emission reductions equivalent to high volume low pressure spray or electrostatic spray

application methods.

(3) The use of airbrush application methods for stenciling, lettering, and other identification 

markings are exempt from the application technique requirements listed in paragraph (2) of this 

subdivision.

(4) The following equation must be used to determine if an automotive topcoat, containing two 

or more coatings, is in compliance with the VOC limits specified in section [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] 

Subpart:

where:

VOCmulti is the VOC content of an as applied multi-stage topcoat, expressed as pounds of VOC 

per gallon of coating minus water and excluded VOC

VOCbc is the VOC content of the as applied basecoat, expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon of 

coating minus water and excluded VOC

VOCmci is the VOC content of the as applied midcoat(s), expressed as pounds of VOC per 

gallon of coating minus water and excluded VOC
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VOCcc is the VOC content of the as applied clearcoat, expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon 

of coating minus water and excluded VOC

M is the number of midcoats

Section [228.4] 228-1.4 Opacity

No person shall cause or allow emissions to the outdoor atmosphere having an average opacity of 20 

percent or greater for any consecutive six-minute period from any emission source subject to this [Part] Subpart. 

Section [228.5] 228-1.5 Reports, recordkeeping, sampling and analysis

(a) The owner or operator of any emission source subject to this [Part] Subpart must maintain and, upon

request, provide the department with a certification from the coating supplier/manufacturer which verifies the 

parameters used to determine the actual VOC content of each as applied coating, (VOC)a, used at the facility. 

In addition, purchase, usage and/or production records of the coating material, including solvents, must be 

maintained in a format acceptable to the department and, upon request, these records must be submitted to the 

department. Any facility required to perform the overall removal efficiency calculation set forth in Equation 2 

of this Part, must maintain records to verify the parameters used in the calculation. A facility owner or operator 

must maintain a record that identifies each air cleaning device that has an overall removal efficiency of at least 

85 percent. Any additional information required to determine compliance with this Part must be provided to the 

department in a format acceptable to the department.

(b) The owner and operator of any emission source subject to this Part must, upon request by the 

department, use Method 311 or Method 24 as presented in Appendix A of both 40 CFR parts 63 and 60, 

respectively (see Table 1, section 200.9 of this Title), to measure the volatile content, water content, density, 
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volume of solids, and weight of solids in order to determine the actual VOC content of an as applied coating 

during a compliance demonstration.

(c) When the sampling and analysis methods referenced in subdivision (b) or (f) or paragraph (e)(2) of 

this section are not applicable, alternate sampling and analysis methods can be used, subject to the approval of 

the department and the administrator.

(d) Representatives of the department must be permitted, during reasonable business hours, to obtain 

coating samples for the purpose of determining compliance with this [Part] Subpart.

(e) When a coating line utilizes control equipment to comply with the provisions of this Part, test 

methods acceptable to the department must be used to determine the overall removal efficiency during a 

required performance test.

(1) This determination may be made by directly measuring VOC/solvent recovery and 

VOC/solvent usage rates where VOC/solvent recovery is the only control equipment. Methods provided 

for in subdivision (b) or (c) of this section must be used.

(2) For any control equipment other than VOC/solvent recovery, this determination must include 

provisions to determine both the efficiency of the capture system and the control equipment. The 

approved VOC CE test methods are provided for in the following Table. Methods 204 through 204F are 

provided for in Appendix M of 40 CFR part 51 (see Table 1, section 200.9 of the Title). The approved 

test methods for determining the efficiency of the control equipment are provided for in subdivision (f) 

of this section.

Approved VOC CE Test Methods

‘Protocol’ ‘Enclosure 

Verification’

‘Liquid 

Input(L)’

‘Captured 

Emissions(G)’

‘Fugitive 

Emissions (F) 

or (FB)’

‘CE Formula’

Permanent Total M204 NA NA NA Assume 100%
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Enclosure

Temporary

Total Enclosure 

(gas / gas mass 

balance test)

M204 NA M204B or 

M204C

M204D G/(G + F)

Temporary 

Total Enclosure 

(liquid / gas 

mass balance 

test)

M204 M204A or 

M204F

NA M204D (L -F)/L

Building 

Enclosure (gas / 

gas mass 

balance test)

M204 NA M204B or 

M204C

M204E G/(G + FB)

Building 

Enclosure 

(liquid / gas 

mass balance 

test)

M204 M204A or 

M204F

NA M204E (L - FB)/L

Alternative CE protocols and test methods may be allowed if the data quality objective approach or 

lower confidence limit approach requirements are met in conjunction with the additional criteria set forth in the 

EPA guidance document entitled ‘Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency’ (see Table 1, section 200.9 

of this Title). The alternative CE protocols and test methods must be approved in advance by the department. 

Also, the multiple line testing procedures outlined in the above guidance document can be used to determine CE 

if the applicable criteria are satisfied. The multiple line testing CE protocols and test methods must be approved 

in advance by the department.

(f) The owner and/or operator of a surface coating process must follow the applicable notification 

requirements, protocol requirements and test procedures of Part 202 of this Title for testing and monitoring. 

Depending upon conditions at a test site, one of the following test methods from Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 

(see Table 1, section 200.9 of this Title) must be used when measuring VOC concentrations of a gas stream at 

the inlet and outlet of a control device to determine the destruction and/or removal efficiency:
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(1) Method 18, Measurement of Gaseous Organic Compound Emissions by Gas 

Chromatography;

(2) Method 25, Determination of Total Gaseous Organic Emissions as Carbon; or

(3) Method 25A, Determination of Total Gaseous Organic Concentration Using a Flame 

Ionization Analyzer.

(g) If an air cleaning device is used, continuous monitors for the following parameters must be installed, 

periodically calibrated, and operated when the associated control equipment is operating:

(1) exhaust gas temperature of all incinerators;

(2) temperature rise across catalytic incinerator bed;

(3) breakthrough of VOCs on a carbon absorption unit; and

(4) any other continuous monitoring or recording device required by the department.

(h) Every owner or operator of a facility which is not subject to the VOC control requirements set forth 

in section [228.3] 228-1.3 of this [Part] Subpart because its annual potential to emit VOCs is below the 

thresholds set forth in section [228.1] 228-1.1 of this [Part] Subpart must maintain records in a format 

acceptable to the department that verify the facility's annual potential to emit VOCs. Upon request, these 

records must be submitted to the department.

(i) For each ED calculation performed under [section 228.3(d)] subdivision 228-1.3(d) of this [Part] 

Subpart, the owner or operator of the coating system must record the following and make the records available 

to the department upon request: the name or identification of each coating; the coating parameters used in 

Equation 7, the individual ED values for each coating, and the ED value calculated for the coating system.
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(j) Any information or record showing noncompliance with the requirements of this Part must be 

reported to the department within 30 days following notice or generation of the information or record.

(k) All records required by this section must be maintained at the facility for a period of five years.

Section [228.6] 228-1.6 Prohibition of sale or specification

(a) No person shall sell, specify, or require for use the application of a coating on a part or product at a 

facility with a coating line described in Table 1 or 2 in section [228.7] 228-1.7 or [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] 

Subpart if such use is prohibited by any of the provisions of this Part. The prohibition shall apply to all written 

or oral contracts under the terms of which any coating is to be applied to any part or product at an affected 

facility. This prohibition shall not apply to the following:

(1) coatings utilized at surface coating lines where control equipment has been installed to meet 

the maximum permitted VOC content limitations specified in Tables 1 and 2 of sections [228.7] 228-1.7

or [228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart;

(2) coatings utilized at surface coating lines where a coating system is used which meets the 

requirements specified in [section 228.3(d)] subdivision 228-1.3(d) of this [Part] Subpart; and

(3) coatings utilized at surface coating lines that have been granted variances for reasons of 

technological and economic feasibility per [section 228.3(e)] subdivision 228-1.3(e) of this [Part] 

Subpart.

(b) Any person selling a coating for use in a coating line subject to this Part must, upon request, provide 

the user with certification of the VOC content of the coating supplied.
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Section [228.7] 228-1.7 Table 1

‘Process’ ‘Description of Products’ ‘Maximum permitted 

pounds of VOC per 

gallon (minus water and 

excluded VOC) of 

coating at application’

Large appliance 

coating lines

Residential and commercial washers, refrigerators, freezers,

water heaters, dishwashers, trash compactors, and air 

conditioners.

2.8

Magnet wire 

insulation coating 

lines

Enameling or varnish of aluminum or copper wire for use in 

electrical machinery to create an electromagnetic field.

1.7

Metal furniture 

coating lines

Metal parts used in household, business and institutional 

furniture, including but not limited to: tables, chairs, 

wastebaskets, beds, lighting fixtures, shelves, room dividers, 

and bathroom dividers.

3.0

Sheet basecoat-exterior and interior over-varnish 2.8
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Metal can coating 

lines

Two piece can exterior (basecoat and over-varnish) 2.8

Two-and three-piece can interior body spray 4.2

Two-piece can exterior end (spray or roll coat) 4.2

Three-piece can side-seam spray 5.5

End sealing compound 3.7

Fabric coating lines Fabric coatings, including but limited to: rubber that is used 

for rainwear, tents, and industrial gaskets.

2.9

Vinyl coating lines Printing, decorations or protecting coats over vinyl-coated 

fabric or vinyl sheets.

3.8

Paper coating lines Paper, pressure-sensitive tape regardless of substance 

(including paper, fabric or plastic film) and related web 

coating processes on plastic film including, but not limited 

to: typewriter ribbons, photographic film, magnetic tape, 

metal foil gift wrap, and packaging.

2.9
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Automobile 

assembly coating 

lines

Automobiles and light-duty trucks, exterior and main body

sheet metal parts, excluding nonmetallic parts.

Prime coat 1.9

Primer-surface 2.8

Top coats 2.8

Repair coat 4.8

Coil coating lines Flat metal sheet from a coil or roll which is coated and later 

used for items, including but not limited to: cans, 

appliances, roof decks, siding, cars, and gutters.

2.6

Coating lines for 

miscellaneous metal 

Large farm machinery, small farm and garden machinery, 

small appliances, commercial and office machinery, 

computer equipment, industrial machinery, fabricated metal 

products and any other industrial category which coats 

miscellaneous metal machinery, instruments or equipment, 

excluding all nonmetallic parts.

Clear coatings 4.3
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parts and products Coating application system which is air dried or forced 

warm air dried at temperature up to 90°C

3.5

Extreme performance coatings designed for harsh exposure 

or extreme environmental conditions

3.5

All other miscellaneous metal parts and products coatings 3.0

Coating lines for 

flat wood surface 

finishing

Printed interior panels made of hardwood, plywood and thin 

particle board

2.5

Natural finish hardwood plywood panels 3.3

Hardboard paneling 3.6

Section [228.8] 228-1.8 Table 2

‘Process’ ‘Description of Products’ ‘Maximum permitted pounds of 

VOC per gallon (minus water 

and excluded VOC) of coating 

at application’
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Wood coating 

lines

Coated room furnishings, including but not limited to:

cabinets (kitchen, bath and vanity), tables, chairs, beds, 

sofas, shutters, art objects and any other coated product 

made of solid wood composition or wood material.

Semi-transparent stain 6.8

Wash coat 6.1

Opaque stain 4.7

Sealer 5.6

Pigmented coat 5.0

Clear topcoat 5.6

Tablet coating 

lines

Formed pharmaceutical products, including but not limited 

to: pills and capsules.

5.5

Glass coating 

lines

Lamps, incandescent light bulbs and miscellaneous glass 

products.

3.0
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Fluorescent light bulbs. 4.1

Leather coating 

lines

Leather substrates, including but not limited to: clothing, 

furniture, and automobile components.

5.8

Miscellaneous 

plastic parts 

coating lines

Plastic parts and products including but not limited to: 

business and office machine parts, toys, sporting goods, 

architectural structures such as doors and window frames, 

automotive interior parts, automotive exterior parts (both 

flexible and rigid), musical equipment housings, and other 

miscellaneous plastic parts.

Color topcoat 3.8

Clear coat 4.8

Aerospace 

Aerospace components, including but not limited to: 

assembly parts or completed unit of any aircraft, helicopter 

or missile.

Primer 2.9
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coating lines Topcoat 5.1

Maskant for chemical processing 5.1

(Effective until 

January 1, 

2005) Motor 

vehicle 

refinishing 

coating line

Automobile, truck or bus coating, including but not limited 

to: repair coats, repainting and touch-ups, except at 

automobile assembly plants.

Repair/touch-ups 6.2

Overall (coating entire vehicle) 5.0

(Effective 

January 1, 

2005) Mobile 

equipment 

Including repainting and repair coats, excluding 

automotive touch-up repair:

Automotive pretreatment primer 6.5

Automotive primer-surfacer 4.8

Automotive primer-sealer 4.6

Automotive topcoat:

Single stage-topcoat 5.0
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repair and 

refinishing or 

color-matched 

coating line

2 stage basecoat/clearcoat 5.0

3 or 4-stage basecoat/clearcoat 5.2

Multi-colored 5.7

Automotive specialty 7.0

Urethane 

coating lines

Urethane substrates that are more than 50 micrometers 

(0.002 inches) thick, except for resilient floor covering and 

flexible packaging.

3.8

Section [228.9] 228-1.9 Products regulated

The “Process” and “Description of Products” columns in Tables 1 and 2 of sections [228.7] 228-1.7 and 

[228.8] 228-1.8 of this [Part] Subpart may not contain all possible products in each coating line category. For 

any “Process” and “Description of Products” not specifically listed, the department will determine, based on

inspections of the process, emission source, and product to be coated, the maximum permitted pounds of VOC 

per gallon, minus water and excluded VOC, of coating at application. 

Section [228.10] 228-1.10 Handling, storage and disposal of volatile organic compounds

Within the work area(s) associated with a coating line, the owner or operator of a facility subject to this 

[Part] Subpart must:
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(a) use closed, non-leaking containers to store or dispose of cloth or other absorbent applicators 

impregnated with VOC solvents that are used for surface preparation, cleanup or coating removal;

(b) store in closed, non-leaking containers spent or fresh VOC solvents to be used for surface 

preparation, cleanup or coating removal;

(c) not use VOC solvents to cleanup spray equipment unless equipment is used to collect the 

cleaning compounds and to minimize VOC evaporation;

(d) not use open containers to store or dispense surface coatings and/or inks unless production, 

sampling, maintenance or inspection procedures require operational access. This provision does not 

apply to the actual device or equipment designed for the purpose of applying a coating material to a 

substrate. These devices may include, but are not limited to: spray guns, flow coaters, dip tanks, rollers, 

knife coaters, and extrusion coaters;

(e) not use open containers to store or dispose of spent surface coatings, or spent VOC solvents;

(f) minimize spills during the handling and transfer of coatings and VOC solvents; and

(g) beginning on January 1, 2005, clean spray guns used to apply mobile equipment repair and 

refinishing or color-matched coatings by one of the following:

(1) an enclosed spray gun cleaning system that is kept closed when not in use;

(2) non-atomized discharge of VOC solvent into a paint waste container that is kept 

closed when not in use;

(3) disassembling and cleaning of the spray gun in a vat that is kept closed when not in 

use; or
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(4) atomized spray into a paint waste container that is fitted with a device 

designed to capture atomized VOC solvent emissions.

Subpart 228-2 Commercial and Industrial Adhesives, Sealants and Primers

Section 228-2.1 Applicability

(a) Except as provided in section 228-2.4 of this Subpart, this Subpart applies to any person who, on or 

after three months following the effective date of this Subpart, sells, supplies, offers for sale or manufactures for 

sale in the state of New York any commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer 

for use in the State of New York. 

(b) Except as provided in section 228-2.4 of this Subpart, this Subpart applies to any person who, on or 

after three months following the effective date of this Subpart, uses or applies any commercial or industrial 

adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer.

Section 228-2.2 Definitions

(a) To the extent that they are not inconsistent with the specific definitions in subdivision 228-2.2(b) of 

this section, the general definitions of Part 200 of this Title apply.

(b) For the purposes of this Subpart, the following specific definitions apply:

(1) ‘Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene or ABS welding adhesive’. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 

or ABS welding adhesive shall mean any adhesive labeled to weld acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene pipe, 

which is made by reacting monomers of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene.

(2) ‘Adhesive’. Adhesive shall mean any chemical substance that is applied for the purpose of 

bonding two surfaces together other than by mechanical means.

(3) ‘Adhesive primer’. Adhesive primer shall mean any product labeled for application to a 

substrate, prior to the application of an adhesive, to provide a bonding surface.
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(4) ‘Aerosol adhesive’. Aerosol adhesive shall mean an adhesive packaged as an aerosol product 

in which the spray mechanism is permanently housed in a non-refillable can designed for hand-held

application without the need for ancillary hoses or spray equipment.

(5) ‘Architectural’. Architectural shall pertain to stationary structures, including mobile homes, 

and their appurtenances. Appurtenances to an architectural structure include, but are not limited to: 

hand railings, cabinets, bathroom and kitchen fixtures, fences, rain gutters and downspouts and 

windows.

(6) ‘Automotive glass adhesive sealer’. Automotive glass adhesive sealer shall mean any 

adhesive primer that improves adhesion to the pinch weld and blocks ultraviolet light and that is 

designed for application to automotive glass prior to installation with an adhesive/sealant. 

(7) ‘Ceramic tile installation adhesive’. Ceramic tile installation adhesive shall mean any 

adhesive labeled for use in the installation of ceramic tiles.

(8) ‘Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride plastic’ or ‘CPVC plastic’. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride 

plastic or CPVC plastic shall mean a polymer of the vinyl chloride monomer that contains 67 percent

chlorine.

(9) ‘Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride welding adhesive’ or ‘CPVC welding adhesive’. Chlorinated 

polyvinyl chloride welding adhesive or CPVC welding adhesive shall mean any adhesive designed for 

welding of polyvinyl chloride plastic. 

(10) ‘Cleanup solvent’. Cleanup solvent shall mean a solvent used to remove excess adhesive, 

sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer from a substrate. 

(11) ‘Commercial adhesive’. Commercial adhesive shall mean an adhesive product that is sold or 

supplied by the manufacturer or supplier in containers with a net volume greater than 16 fluid ounces, or 

a net weight greater than one pound, and is not subject to Part 235 of this Title. Commercial adhesives 
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do not include products that are incorporated into or used exclusively in the manufacture or construction 

of the goods or commodities that are produced by the establishment.

(12) ‘Computer diskette jacket manufacturing adhesive’. Computer diskette jacket 

manufacturing adhesive shall mean any adhesive designed to glue the fold-over flaps to the body of a 

vinyl computer diskette jacket. 

(13) ‘Contact bond adhesive’. Contact bond adhesive shall mean any adhesive that forms an 

instantaneous, non-repositionable bond when substrates, on which the adhesive was applied and allowed 

to dry, are brought together using momentary pressure. 

(14) ‘Cove base’. Cove base shall mean a flooring trim unit, generally made of vinyl or rubber, 

having a concave radius on one edge and a convex radius on the opposite edge that is used in forming a 

junction between the bottom wall course and the floor or to form an inside corner.

(15) ‘Cove base installation adhesive’. Cove base installation adhesive shall mean any adhesive 

labeled for the installation of cove base or wall base on a wall or vertical surface at floor level.

(16) ‘Cyanoacrylate adhesive’. Cyanoacrylate adhesive shall mean any adhesive with a 

cyanoacrylate content of at least 95 percent by weight.

(17) ‘Dry wall installation’. Dry wall installation shall mean the installation of gypsum dry wall 

to studs of solid surfaces using an adhesive labeled for that use.

(18) ‘Existing product sell-through and use date’. The day which occurs fifteen months after the 

effective date of this Subpart.

(19) ‘Flexible vinyl’. Flexible vinyl shall mean non-rigid polyvinyl chloride plastic with a five 

percent by weight plasticizer content. 

(20) ‘Fiberglass’. Fiberglass shall mean a material consisting of extremely fine glass fibers.

(21) ‘Indoor floor covering installation adhesive’. Indoor floor covering installation adhesive 

shall mean any adhesive labeled for use in the installation of wood flooring, carpet, resilient tile, vinyl 
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tile, vinyl backed carpet, resilient sheet and roll or artificial grass. Adhesives used to install ceramic tile 

and perimeter bonded sheet flooring are not indoor floor covering installation adhesives.

(22) ‘Industrial adhesive’. Industrial adhesive shall mean a product category which includes 

adhesives (including adhesive primers used in conjunction with certain types of adhesives) used at 

industrial manufacturing and repair facilities for a wide variety of products and equipment that operate 

adhesives application processes.

(23) ‘Industrial adhesive application processes’. Industrial adhesive application processes shall 

include the application of the adhesives, sealants, adhesive primers or sealant primers listed in Table 1 of 

this Subpart and shall also include the application of other materials used for the same purposes 

contained in the definitions of each adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer and sealant primer in this Section. 

(24) ‘Laminate’. Laminate shall mean a material made by bonding two or more sheets or layers. 

(25) ‘Low-solids adhesive, sealant or primer’. Low-solids adhesive, sealant or primer shall mean 

any product that contains 120 grams or less of solids per liter of material.

(26) ‘Marine deck sealant’ or ‘marine deck sealant primer’. Marine deck sealant or marine deck 

sealant primer shall mean any sealant or sealant primer labeled for application to wooden marine decks.

(27) ‘Metal to urethane/rubber molding or casting adhesive’. Metal to urethane/rubber molding 

or casting adhesive shall mean any adhesive labeled to bond metal to high density or elastomeric 

urethane or molded rubber materials, in heater molding or casting processes, to fabricate products such 

as rollers for computer printers or other paper handling equipment. 

(28) ‘Multipurpose construction adhesive’. Multipurpose construction adhesive shall mean any

adhesive labeled for use in the installation or repair of various construction materials, including but not 

limited to drywall, subfloor, panel, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), ceiling tile and acoustical tile.

(29) ‘New product compliance date’. The day which occurs three months after the effective date 

of this Subpart.
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(30) ‘Non-membrane roof installation/repair adhesive’. Non-membrane roof installation/repair 

adhesive shall mean any adhesive labeled for use in the installation or repair of non-membrane roofs and 

that is not intended for the installation of prefabricated single-ply flexible roofing membrane, including, 

but not limited to, plastic or asphalt roof cement, asphalt roof coating and cold application cement.

(31) ‘Outdoor floor covering installation adhesive’. Outdoor floor covering installation adhesive 

shall mean any adhesive labeled for use in the installation of floor covering that is not in an enclosure 

and that is exposed to ambient weather conditions during normal use.

(32) ‘Panel installation’. Panel installation shall mean the installation of plywood, pre-decorated 

hardboard (or tileboard), fiberglass reinforced plastic, and similar pre-decorated or non-decorated panels 

to studs or solid surfaces using an adhesive formulated for that purpose.

(33) ‘Perimeter bonded sheet flooring installation’. Perimeter bonded sheet flooring installation 

shall mean the installation of sheet flooring with vinyl backing onto a nonporous substrate using an 

adhesive designed to be applied only to a strip of up to four inches wide around the perimeter of the 

sheet flooring.

(34) ‘Plastic cement welding adhesive’. Plastic cement welding adhesive shall mean any 

adhesive labeled for use to dissolve the surface of plastic to form a bond between mating surfaces.

(35) ‘Plastic cement welding primer’. Plastic cement welding primer shall mean any primer 

labeled for use to prepare plastic substrates prior to bonding or welding.

(36) ‘Plastic foam’. Plastic foam shall mean foam constructed of plastics.

(37) ‘Plasticizer’. Plasticizer shall mean a material, such as a high boiling point organic solvent, 

that is added into a hard plastic to provide a desired flexibility or pliability.

(38) ‘Plastics’. Plastics shall mean any of various organic compounds produced by

polymerization, capable of being molded, extruded, cast into various shapes and films or drawn into 

filaments. 
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(39) ‘Polyvinyl chloride plastic’ or ‘PVC plastic’ shall mean a polymer of the chlorinated vinyl 

monomer that contains 57 percent chlorine. 

(40) ‘Polyvinyl chloride welding adhesive’ or ‘PVC welding adhesive’. Polyvinyl chloride 

welding adhesive or PVC welding adhesive shall mean any adhesive labeled for use in the welding of 

PVC plastic pipe. 

(41) ‘Porous material’. Porous material shall mean a substance that has tiny openings, often 

microscopic, in which fluids may be absorbed or discharged, including, but not limited to, wood, paper 

and corrugated paperboard.

(42) ‘Propellant’. Propellant shall mean a fluid under pressure that expels the contents of a 

container when a valve is opened. 

(43) ‘Reactive diluent’. Reactive diluent shall mean a liquid that is a reactive organic compound 

during application and one in that, through chemical and/or physical reactions, such as polymerization, 

twenty (20) percent or more of the reactive organic compound becomes an integral part of a finished 

material. 

(44) ‘Retail outlet’. Retail outlet shall mean any establishment at which adhesives, sealants and 

primers are sold, supplied, or offered for sale directly to consumers.

(45) ‘Roadway sealant’. Roadway sealant shall mean any sealant labeled for application to 

public streets, highways and other surfaces, including but not limited to curbs, berms, driveways and 

parking lots.

(46) ‘Rubber’. Rubber shall mean any natural or manmade rubber substrate, including but not 

limited to, styrene-butadiene rubber, polychloroprene (neoprene), butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, 

chlorosulfonated polyethylene and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer.

(47) ‘Sealant primer’. Sealant primer shall mean any product labeled for application to a 

substrate, prior to the application of a sealant, to enhance the bonding surface.
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(48) ‘Sealant’. Sealant shall mean any material with adhesive properties that is formulated 

primarily to fill, seal, waterproof or weatherproof gaps or joints between two surfaces. Sealants include 

sealant primers and caulks.

(49) ‘Sheet-applied rubber installation’. Sheet-applied rubber installation shall mean the process 

of applying sheet rubber liners by hand to metal or plastic substrates to protect the underlying substrate 

from corrosion or abrasion, inclusive of the process of laminating sheet rubber to fabric by hand.

(50) ‘Single-ply roof membrane’. Single-ply roof membrane shall mean a prefabricated single

sheet of rubber, normally ethylene-propylenediene terpolymer, that is field applied to a building roof 

using one layer of membrane material.

(51) ‘Single-ply roof membrane installation and repair adhesive’. Single-ply roof membrane 

installation and repair adhesive shall mean any adhesive labeled for use in the installation or repair of 

single-ply roof membrane. Installation includes, as a minimum, attaching the edge of the membrane to 

the edge of the roof and applying flashings to vents, pipes and ducts that protrude through the 

membrane. Repair includes gluing the edges of torn membrane together, attaching a patch over a hole 

and reapplying flashings to vents, pipes or ducts installed through the membrane.

(52) ‘Single-ply roof membrane adhesive primer’. Single-ply roof membrane adhesive primer 

shall mean any primer labeled for use to clean and promote adhesion of the single-ply roof membrane 

seams or splices prior to bonding.

(53) ‘Single-ply roof membrane sealant’. Single-ply roof membrane sealant shall mean any 

sealant labeled for application to single-ply roof membrane.

(54) ‘Solvent’. Solvent shall mean organic compounds that are used as diluents, thinners, 

dissolvers, viscosity reducers, cleaning agents or other related uses. 

(55) ‘Structural glazing adhesive’. Structural glazing adhesive shall mean any adhesive labeled 

to apply glass, ceramic, metal, stone or composite panels to exterior building frames.
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(56) ‘Subfloor installation’. Subfloor installation shall mean the installation of subflooring 

material over floor joists, including the construction of any load bearing joists. 

(57) ‘Surface preparation solvent’. Surface preparation solvent shall mean a solvent used to 

remove dirt, oil and other contaminants from a substrate prior to the application of a primer, adhesive or 

sealant.

(58) ‘Thin metal laminating adhesive’. Thin metal laminating adhesive shall mean any adhesive 

labeled for use in bonding multiple layers of metal to metal or metal to plastic in the production of 

electronic or magnetic components in which the thickness of the bond line(s) is less than 0.25 mils.

(59) ‘Tire repair’. Tire repair shall mean a process that includes expanding a hole, tear, fissure or 

blemish in a tire casing by grinding or gouging, applying adhesive and filling the hole or crevice with 

rubber.

(60) ‘Tire tread adhesive’. Tire tread adhesive shall mean any adhesive labeled for application to 

the back of precure tread rubber and to the casing and cushion rubber. Tire tread adhesive may also be 

used to seal buffed tire casings to prevent oxidation while the tire is being prepared for a new tread.

(61) ‘Traffic marking tape’. Traffic marking tape shall mean preformed reflective film labeled 

for application to public streets, highways and other surfaces, including but not limited to curbs, berms, 

driveways and parking lots.

(62) ‘Traffic marking tape adhesive primer’. Traffic marking tape adhesive primer shall mean 

any primer labeled for application to surfaces prior to installation of traffic marking tape.

(63) ‘Waterproof resorcinol glue’. Waterproof resorcinol glue shall mean a two-part resorcinolresin-based adhesive designed for applications where the bond line must be resistant to conditions of 

continuous immersion in fresh or salt water.
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Section 228-2.3 Requirements 

(a) New product requirements. Except as provided in subdivision (c) and (d) of this section and section 

228-2.4 of this Subpart, no later than the new product compliance date, no person shall sell, supply, offer for 

sale, or manufacture for sale in the State of New York any commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive 

primer or sealant primer manufactured on or after that date unless such adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or 

sealant primer complies with the applicable VOC content limits specified in Table 1 of this section and the 

applicable requirements of this Subpart.

(b) Limited sell-through and use of existing products. Any commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, 

adhesive primer or sealant primer manufactured prior to three months after the effective date of this Subpart 

which is not in compliance with the applicable VOC content limits specified in Table 1 of this section and the 

applicable requirements of this Subpart, may be sold, used and/or applied, until the existing product sell-through 

and use date. After the existing product sell-through and use date, no person shall sell, use or apply any

commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer within the State of New York 

which is not in compliance with this Subpart.

(c) The requirements of this section shall apply to the use of single-ply roof membrane installation or 

repair adhesive, single-ply roof membrane sealant and single-ply roof membrane adhesive primer on the 

following schedule:

(1) For the years 2010 and 2011, from May 1 through September 30; and

(2) On and after January 1, 2012.

(d) Beginning on the effective date of this Subpart, manufacturers and distributors who sell, supply or 

offer for sale any single-ply roof membrane installation or repair adhesive, single-ply roof membrane sealant or 

single-ply roof membrane adhesive primer shall be exempt from the requirements of this section from the 

effective date of this Subpart through December 31, 2011.
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(e) The VOC content limits in Table 1 of this section for adhesives applied to particular substrates shall 

apply as follows:

(1) If an operator uses a commercial or industrial adhesive or sealant subject to a specific VOC 

content limit for such adhesive or sealant in Table 1 of this section, such specific limit is applicable 

rather than an adhesive-to-substrate limit; and

(2) If an adhesive is used to bond dissimilar substrates together, the applicable substrate category 

with the highest VOC content shall be the limit for such use.

(f) Any person using a surface preparation or cleanup solvent shall:

(1) except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subdivision for single-ply roofing, limit the VOC 

content of surface preparation solvent used to less than 70 grams per liter.

(2) If a surface preparation solvent is used in applying single-ply roofing, the composite vapor 

pressure, excluding water and exempt compounds, of the surface preparation solvent used, shall not 

exceed 45 mm Hg at 20 degrees Celsius.

(3) Except as provided in paragraph (4) of this subdivision, limit the composite vapor pressure of 

a cleanup solvent to less than 45 mm Hg at 20 degrees Celsius.

(4) Perform the removal of a commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or 

sealant primer from the parts of spray application equipment as follows: 

(i) in an enclosed cleaning system, or equivalent cleaning system as determined by the 

test method identified in subdivision 228-2.6(h) of this Subpart;

(ii) using a solvent with a VOC content less than or equal to 70 grams of VOC per liter of 

material, and 

(iii) parts containing dried adhesive may be soaked in a solvent if the composite vapor 

pressure of the solvent, excluding water and exempt compounds, is less than or equal to 9.5 mm 
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Hg at 20 degrees Celsius and the parts and solvent are in a closed container that remains closed 

except when adding parts to or removing parts from the container. 

 (g) A person using a commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer 

subject to this Subpart, or using these materials or any other material in an industrial adhesive application 

process at an emission unit, must comply with the VOC content limits of Table 1 of this section or achieve 

compliance by using add-on air pollution control equipment if such equipment meets the following 

requirements:

(1) the VOC emissions from the use of all adhesives, sealants, adhesive primers or sealant 

primers subject to this Subpart are reduced by an overall capture and control efficiency of at least 85 

percent, by weight;

(2) the combustion temperature is monitored continuously if a thermal incinerator is operated;

(3) inlet and exhaust gas temperatures are monitored continuously if a catalytic incinerator is 

operated; 

(4) control device efficiency is monitored continuously if a carbon absorber or control device 

other than a thermal or catalytic incinerator is operated, and 

(5) operation records sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this 

subdivision are maintained as required by section 228-2.5 of this Subpart. 

(h) VOC control approaches shall be employed at facilities where the total actual VOC emissions from 

all industrial adhesive application processes, including related cleaning activities, equal or exceed three tons in a 

twelve month rolling period, before consideration of controls. These controls shall include: 

(1) The following types of application equipment, with the use of low-VOC adhesives or 

adhesive primers: electrostatic spray; HVLP spray; flow coat; roll coat or hand application, including 

non-spray application methods similar to hand or mechanically powered caulking gun, brush, or direct 

hand application; dip coat (including electrodeposition); airless spray; air-assisted airless spray; any 
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other adhesive application method, subject to Department approval, capable of achieving a transfer 

efficiency equivalent to or better than that achieved by HVLP spraying;

(2) The following work practices for storage, mixing operations, and handling operations for 

adhesives, thinners, and adhesive-related waste materials that: 

(i) store all VOC-containing adhesives, adhesive primers, and process related waste 

materials in closed containers;

(ii) ensure that mixing and storage containers used for VOC-containing adhesives, 

adhesive primers, and process related waste materials are kept closed at all times except when 

depositing or removing these materials;

(iii) minimize spills of VOC-containing adhesives, adhesive primers, and process related 

waste materials; and

(iv) convey VOC-containing adhesives, adhesive primers, and process related waste 

materials from one location to another in closed containers or pipes. 

(3) The following work practices to reduce VOC emissions from cleaning materials used in 

industrial adhesive application processes that:

(i) store all VOC-containing cleaning materials and used shop towels in closed 

containers;

(ii) ensure that storage containers used for VOC-containing materials are kept closed at 

all times except when depositing or removing these materials;

(iii) minimize spills of VOC-containing cleaning materials;

(iv) convey VOC-containing cleaning materials from one location to another in closed 

containers or pipes; and
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(v) minimize VOC emission from cleaning of application, storage, mixing, and 

conveying equipment by ensuring that equipment cleaning is performed without atomizing the 

cleaning solvent and all spent solvent is captured in closed containers.

(i) No person shall solicit, require the use or specify the application of any adhesive, sealant, adhesive 

primer, sealant primer, surface preparation or clean-up solvent if such use or application results in a violation of 

the provisions of this Subpart. The prohibition of this subdivision shall apply to all written or oral contracts 

under which any adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer, sealant primer, surface preparation or clean-up solvent 

subject to this Subpart is to be used at any location in the State of New York.

Table 1. VOC Content Limits for Adhesives, Sealants, Adhesive Primers, 

Sealant Primers and Adhesives Applied to Particular Substrates

Adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer category VOC content limit

(grams VOC per liter)

Adhesives

ABS welding 400

Ceramic tile installation 130

Computer diskette jacket manufacturing 850

Contact bond 250

Contact bond -- specialty substrate 250

Cove base installation 150

CPVC welding 490

Indoor floor covering installation 150

Metal to urethane/rubber molding or casting 850

Multipurpose construction 200
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Nonmembrane roof installation/repair 300

Other plastic cement welding 510

Outdoor floor covering installation 250

PVC welding 510

Single-ply roof membrane installation/repair 250

Structural glazing 100

Thin metal laminating 780

Tire retread 100

Perimeter bonded sheet vinyl flooring installation 660

Waterproof resorcinol glue 170

Sheet-applied rubber installation 850

Sealants

Architectural 250

Marine deck 760

Nonmembrane roof installation/repair 300

Roadway 250

Single-ply roof membrane 450

Other 420

Adhesive Primers

Automotive glass 700

Plastic cement welding 650
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Single-ply roof membrane 250

Traffic marking tape 150

Other 250

Sealant Primers

Non-porous architectural 250

Porous architectural 775

Marine deck 760

Other 750

Adhesives Applied to the Listed Substrate

Flexible vinyl 250

Fiberglass 200

Metal 30

Porous material 120

Rubber 250

Other substrates 250

Section 228-2.4 Exemptions and Exceptions

(a) The requirements of this Subpart shall not apply to the use or sale of the following compounds:

(1) adhesives, sealants, adhesive primers or sealant primers being tested or evaluated in any 

research and development, quality assurance or analytical laboratory, provided that the following 

records are maintained as required in section 228-2.5 of this Subpart; 
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(2) adhesives, sealants, adhesive primers and sealant primers that are subject to Part 235 of this 

Title; 

(3) adhesives and sealants that contain less than 20 grams of VOC per liter of adhesive or 

sealant, less water and less exempt compounds, as applied;

(4) cyanoacrylate adhesives; and

(5) adhesives, sealants, adhesive primers or sealant primers that are sold or supplied by the 

manufacturer or supplier in containers with a net volume of 16 fluid ounces or less, or a net weight of 

one pound or less, except plastic cement welding adhesives. If two or more containers are sold as a unit, 

the containers in such a unit shall total no more than 16 fluid ounces or one pound, as applicable, to 

qualify for this exemption.

(6) Contact bond adhesives that are sold or supplied by the manufacturer or supplier in a 

container with a net volume of one gallon or less. 

(b) The requirements of this Subpart shall not apply to the use of adhesives, sealants, adhesive primers, 

sealant primers, surface preparation and cleanup solvents in the following operations: 

(1) tire repair operations, provided the label of the adhesive states “For tire repair only;”

(2) solvent welding operations used in the manufacture of medical devices; and

(3) plaque laminating operations in which adhesives are used to bond clear, polyester acetate 

laminate to wood with lamination equipment installed prior to July 1, 1992. Any person claiming

exemption pursuant to this subparagraph shall record and maintain monthly operational records 

sufficient to demonstrate compliance with this exemption and in accordance with section 228-2.5 of this 

Subpart.

(c) The VOC content limits of section 228-2.3 of this Subpart shall not apply to the use of the identified 

categories of compounds at the following stationary sources: 
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(1) Where the total VOC emissions from all adhesives, sealants, adhesive primers and sealant 

primers used at the emissions unit are less than 200 pounds, or an equivalent volume, per year 

(12-month rolling average). Emissions from cold cleaning units, vapor degreasers and aerosol products 

shall not be included in determining the total VOC emissions. Any person claiming this “low-usage 

exemption” pursuant to this paragraph shall record and maintain monthly operational records sufficient 

to demonstrate compliance with this exemption and in accordance with section 228-2.5 of this Subpart.

(2) Where the total volume of noncompliant commercial or industrial adhesives, sealants, 

adhesive primers, sealant primers, cleanup solvent and surface preparation solvent used facility-wide 

does not exceed 55 gallons per year (12-month rolling average). Any person claiming this “low-usage 

exemption” pursuant to this paragraph shall record and maintain monthly operational records sufficient 

to demonstrate compliance with this exemption and in accordance with section 228-2.5 of this Subpart. 

(3) Any facility claiming the “low usage exemption” as described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of 

this subdivision must have information available, such as purchase orders, material safety data sheets, work 

orders, or contracts for review by the Department, that would allow the Department to verify eligibility for the 

exemption. 

(d) As a “miscellaneous exemption”, separate from the “low-usage usage exemption” as defined in 

paragraphs (1) and (2) above, a manufacturer or distributor who sells, supplies or offers for sale in the State of 

New York any commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer shall not be 

required to comply with the VOC content limits specified in Table 1 of this Section, provided that such 

manufacturer or distributor makes and keeps records demonstrating:

(1) the commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer is intended 

for shipment and use outside of the State of New York; and 

(2) the manufacturer or distributor has taken reasonable precautions to assure that the adhesive, 

sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer is not distributed to or within the State of New York. 
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(e) The exemption in subdivision (d) of this section shall not apply to any commercial or industrial 

adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer that is sold, supplied or offered for sale by any person to a 

retail outlet in the State of New York. 

(f) The VOC content limits of Table 1 of this Section and the requirements of subdivisions 228-2.3 (a) 

and (b) of this Subpart shall not apply to the sale of any commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive 

primer or sealant primer for use at an emissions unit at which add-on air pollution control equipment is used to 

comply with the requirements of this Subpart. 

(g) Process-specific RACT demonstrations.

(1) The department may allow surface coating processes to operate with a lesser degree of 

control than is required by section 228-2.3 of this Subpart, provided the applicant makes a process specific 

reasonably available control technology (RACT) demonstration to the satisfaction of the department. Such 

process- specific RACT demonstrations must address the technical and economic feasibility of:

(i) utilizing compliant adhesives, sealants and coatings;

(ii) utilizing demonstrated and proven emission control technologies which would 

achieve the required overall removal efficiency determined pursuant to subdivision 228-2.3(g) of this Subpart;

(iii) utilizing demonstrated and proven emission control technologies which would 

achieve a level of overall removal efficiency less than the required level determined pursuant to subdivision 

228-2.3 (g) of this Subpart; and

(iv) utilizing demonstrated and proven production modification methods which would

result in real, documented, and enforceable reductions in the VOC emissions from the process.

(2) Department approved process specific RACT demonstrations under this subdivision shall be 

submitted to the EPA Administrator for approval as State Implementation Plan revisions.
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Section 228-2.5 Administrative Requirements

(a) Each owner or operator of an emissions unit where a product subject to a VOC content limit in 

section 228-2.3 of this Subpart is used, shall maintain records demonstrating compliance with the VOC content 

limits of this Subpart, including, but not limited to, the following information: 

(1) a list of each commercial and industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer, sealant primer 

cleanup solvent and surface preparation solvent in use and in storage at the emissions unit;

(2) identification of each product by product name and description; 

(3) the VOC content of each product as supplied; 

(4) the mix ratio of any catalysts, reducers or other components used;

(5) the final VOC content or vapor pressure, as applied; and 

(6) the monthly volume of each commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer, 

sealant primer, cleanup or surface preparation solvent used at the emissions unit.

(b) Any owner or operator of an emissions unit that complies with the emissions limits of Table 1 of this 

section through the use of add-on air pollution control equipment shall record the key operating parameters for 

the control equipment, including but not limited to, the following information:

(1) the volume used per day of each adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer, sealant primer or solvent 

subject to a VOC content limit in Table 1 of this section;

(2) on a daily basis, the combustion temperature, inlet and exhaust gas temperatures and control 

device efficiency, as appropriate, pursuant to subdivision 228-2.3(e) of this Subpart; 

(3) daily hours of operation; and 

(4) all maintenance performed including the date and type of maintenance. 

(c) All records made to determine compliance with this Subpart shall be maintained for five years from 

the date such record is created and shall be made available to the Department within 90 days of a request.
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(d) For adhesives, sealants, adhesive primers and sealant primers subject to the laboratory testing 

exemption pursuant to paragraph 228-2.4(a)(1) of this Subpart, the person conducting the testing shall make and 

maintain records of all such materials used, including, but not limited to, the product name, the product category

of the material or type of application and the VOC content of each material.

Section 228-2.6 Compliance Procedures and Test Methods

(a) Except as provided in sections 228-2.3, 228-2.4, and 228-2.5 of this Subpart, the VOC and solids 

content of all non-aerosol adhesives, adhesive primers and cleanup solvents shall be determined using U.S. EPA 

Reference Method 24, as identified in 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, or SCAQMD Method 304-91.

(b) The organic content of exempt organic compounds shall be determined using ASTM D4457-02.

(c) The VOC content of any plastic welding cement adhesive or primer shall be determined using 

SCAQMD Method 316A-92.

(d) To determine if a diluent is a reactive diluent, the percent of the reactive organic compound that 

becomes an integral part of the finished materials shall be determined using SCAQMD Method 316A-92. 

(e) The composite vapor pressure of organic compounds in cleaning materials shall be determined by

quantifying the amount of each compound in the blend using gas chromatographic analysis ASTM E 260-96 

(2006) for organics and ASTM D3792-05 for water content, as applicable, and the following equation:

Where:

n n n 

Ppc = [ Σ (Wi)(Vpi) / Mwi ] / [ (Ww/ Mww) + Σ (We / Mwe) + Σ (Wi / Mwi) ]

 i =1 i =1 i =1

Ppc = VOC composite partial pressure at 20 degrees Celsius, in mm Hg

Wi = Weight of the “i”th VOC compound, in grams, as determined by ASTM E 260-96
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Ww = Weight of water, in grams as determined by ASTM D 3792-05

We = Weight of the "i"th exempt compound, in grams, as determined by ASTM E 260-96

Mwi = Molecular weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in grams per g-mole, as given in chemical reference 

literature

Mww = Molecular weight of water, 18 grams per g-mole

Mwe =Molecular weight of the "i"th exempt compound, in grams per g-mole, as given in chemical reference 

literature

Vpi = Vapor pressure of the "i"th VOC compound at 20 degrees Celsius, in mm Hg, as determined by

subdivision (f) of this section

(f) The vapor pressure of each single component compound may be determined from ASTM D2879-97 

or may be obtained from a source approved by SCAQMD, other California air districts, or the Department. 

(g) If air pollution control equipment is used to meet the requirements of this Subpart, the owner or 

operator shall make the following determinations:

(1) the measurement of capture efficiency shall be conducted and reported in accordance with the 

EPA Technical Document ‘Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency’, issued January 9, 1995; and 

(2) the control efficiency shall be determined in accordance with U.S. EPA Reference Methods 

25, 25A, and 25B found at 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix A, and CARB Method 100.

(h) The active and passive solvent losses from spray gun cleaning systems shall be determined using 

SCAQMD's ‘General Test Method for Determining Solvent Losses from Spray Gun Cleaning Systems’, dated 

October 3, 1989. The test solvent for this determination shall be any lacquer thinner with a minimum vapor 

pressure of 105 mm of Hg at 20 degrees Celsius, and the minimum test temperature shall be 15 degrees Celsius. 

(i) For adhesives that do not contain reactive diluents, grams of VOC per liter of adhesive, less 

water and exempt compounds, shall be calculated according to the following equation:
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Grams of VOC per liter of adhesive = Ws - Ww - We

Vm - Vw - Ve

Where:

Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams

Ww = weight of water, in grams

We = weight of exempt compounds, in grams

Vm = volume of material, in liters

Vw = volume of water, in liters

Ve = volume of exempt compounds, in liters

(j) For adhesives that contain reactive diluents, the VOC content of the adhesive is determined after 

curing. The grams of VOC per liter of adhesive, less water and exempt compounds, shall be calculated 

according to the following equation:

Grams of VOC per liter of adhesive = Wrs - Wrw - Wre

Vrm - Vrw - Vre

Where:

Wrs = weight of volatile compounds not consumed during curing, in grams

Wrw = weight of water not consumed during curing, in grams

Wre = weight of exempt compounds not consumed during curing, in grams

Vrm = volume of material not consumed during curing, in liters

Vrw = volume of water not consumed during curing, in liters

Vre = volume of exempt compounds not consumed during curing, in liters
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(k) Grams of VOC per liter of material shall be calculated according to the following equation:

Grams of VOC per liter of materials = Ws - Ww - We

 Vm

Where:

Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams

Ww = weight of water, in grams

We = weight of exempt compounds, in grams

Vm = volume of material, in liters

(l) Percent VOC by weight shall be calculated according to the following equation:

% VOC by weight = [(Wv / W)] x 100

Where:

Wv = weight of VOCs in grams

W = weight of material in grams

Section 228-2.7 Container Labeling

(a) No later than the new product compliance date, each manufacturer of a commercial or industrial 

adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer subject to a VOC content limit in Table 1 of this section 

shall display the following information on the container or label for such adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or 

sealant primer:

(1) The category name of the product.
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(2) A statement of the manufacturer’s recommendation regarding thinning, reducing or mixing, 

provided:

(i) a statement is not required for thinning, reducing or mixing with water, and

(ii) if thinning prior to use is not necessary, the recommendation shall specify that the 

product is to be applied as supplied.

(3) The maximum or the actual VOC content as supplied, displayed in grams of VOC per liter of 

product; and

(4) the maximum or the actual VOC content as applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s 

recommendation regarding thinning, reducing or mixing, displayed in grams of VOC per liter of applied 

product.

(b) The VOC content of a commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer 

shall be calculated using the manufacturer’s formulation data or determined using the calculations, procedures 

and test methods in section 228-2.6 of this Subpart. 

(c) Any person applying a commercial or industrial adhesive, sealant, adhesive primer or sealant primer 

subject to a VOC content limit in Table 1 of section 228-2.3 of this Subpart may rely on the manufacturer’s 

representation on the container or label, if such product is applied as recommended for a use specified on the 

container or label.