O C S St u d y 

M M S 2 0 0 4- 0 7 1 

 

D at a Q u alit y C o ntr ol a n d 

E mi s si o n s I n v e nt ori e s of O C S 

Oil a n d G a s Pr o d u cti o n A cti viti e s 

i n t h e Br et o n Ar e a of t h e G ulf of M e xi c o 

Fi n al R e p ort 

U. S. D e p art m e nt of t h e I nt eri or

Mi n er al s M a n a g e m e nt S er vi c e 

G ulf of M e xi c o O C S R e gi o n 
U. S. D e p art m e nt of t h e I nt eri or

Mi n er al s M a n a g e m e nt S er vi c e 

G ulf of M e xi c o O C S R e gi o n 

O C S St u d y 

M M S 2 0 0 4- 0 7 1 

D at a Q u alit y C o ntr ol a n d 

E mi s si o n s I n v e nt ori e s of O C S 

Oil a n d G a s Pr o d u cti o n A cti viti e s 

i n t h e Br et o n Ar e a of t h e G ulf of M e xi c o 

Fi n al R e p ort 

A ut h or s 

Ri c h ar d Billi n g s 

D ar c y Wil s o n 

E a st er n R e s e ar c h Gr o u p, I n c. 

M orri s vill e, N ort h C ar oli n a 

Pr e p ar e d u n d er M M S C o ntr a ct 

1 4 3 5- 0 1- 0 1- C T- 3 1 1 6 3 

b y 

E a st er n R e s e ar c h Gr o u p, I n c. 

1 6 0 0 P eri m et er P ar k Dri v e 

M orri s vill e, N ort h C ar oli n a 2 7 5 6 0 

P u bli s h e d b y 

N e w Orl e a n s

O ct o b er 2 0 0 4 
iii 

DI S C L AI M E R 

T his re p ort was pre pare d u n der c o ntract bet wee n t he Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice ( M M S) a n d 

Easter n Researc h Gr o u p, I nc. T his re p ort ha s bee n tec h nicall y re vie we d b y t he M M S a n d 

a p pr o ve d f or p u blicati o n. A p pr o val d oes n ot si g nif y t hat t he c o nte nts ne cessaril y reflect t he 

vie ws a n d p olicies of t he M M S, n or d oes me nti o n of tra de na me s or c o m mercial pr o d ucts 

c o nstit ute e n d orse me nt or rec o m me n dati o n f or use. It is, h o w e ver, e xe m pt fr o m re vie w a n d 

c o m plia nce wit h t he M M S e dit orial sta n dar ds. 

R E P O R T A V AI L A BI LI T Y 

E xtra c o pies of t his re p ort ma y be o btai ne d fr o m t he P u blic I nf or mati o n Office ( Mail St o p 5 0 3 4) 

at t he f oll o wi n g a d dress: 

U. S. De part me nt of t he I nteri or 

Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice 

G ulf of Me xic o O C S Re gi o n 

P u blic I nf or mati o n Offi ce ( M S 5 0 3 4) 

1 2 0 1 El m w o o d Par k B o ule var d 

Ne w Orlea ns, L o uisia na 7 0 1 2 3- 2 3 9 4 

Tele p h o ne: ( 5 0 4) 7 3 6- 2 5 1 9 or 

 1- 8 0 0- 2 0 0- G U L F 

CI T A TI O N 

S u g geste d citati o n: 

Billi n gs, R. S. a n d D. L. Wils o n. 2 0 0 4. Data Q ual it y C o ntr ol a n d E missi o ns I n ve nt ories of O C S 

Oil a n d Gas Pr o d ucti o n Acti vitie s i n t he Bret o n Area of t he G ulf of Me xic o: Fi nal 

Re p ort. U. S. De pt. of t he I nteri or, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice, G ulf of Me xic o O C S 

Re gi o n, Ne w Orlea ns, L A. O C S St u d y M M S 2 0 0 4- 0 7 1. 9 4 p p. 

A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S 

T his re p ort w o ul d n ot ha ve bee n p ossi ble wit h o ut t he c o ntri b uti o ns of t he f oll o wi n g staff at E R G, 

I nc.: R o ger C ha n g, A n d y Blac kar d, Re gi O o m men, Heat her Perez, Mel o die Vi nes, a n d J o d y 

Tisa n o. I n val ua ble assista nce was als o pr o vi de d b y t he staff of C O M M E n gi neeri n g, I nc., 

partic ularl y Bria n B o ye r a n d C hrist y C ha dic k. 
v 

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 

Secti o n P a ge

LI S T O F FI G U R E S ................................................................................................................ ....... i x 

LI S T O F T A B L E S................................................................................................................. ........ xi 

1. E X E C U TI V E S U M M A R Y ............................................................................................. 1- 1 

2. I N T R O D U C TI O N ........................................................................................................... 2- 1 

 2. 1 Bac k gr o u n d .......................................................................................................... 2- 1 

 2. 2 Sc o pe a n d P ur p ose of t his Pr oject........................................................................ 2- 1 

 2. 3 St u d y O bjecti ves .................................................................................................. 2- 2 

 2. 4 Re p ort Or ga nizati o n............................................................................................. 2- 2 

3. D A T A C O L L E C TI O N .................................................................................................... 3- 1 

 3. 1 I ntr o d ucti o n.......................................................................................................... 3- 1 

 3. 2 S oft ware Distri b uti o n........................................................................................... 3- 1 

 3. 3 O perat or Use of B O A D S S oft ware t o C o m pile Data .......................................... 3- 1 

 3. 4 Q ualit y C o ntr ol C hec ks........................................................................................ 3- 2 

4. Q U A LI T Y A S S U R A N C E/ Q U A LI T Y C O N T R O L ........................................................ 4- 1 

 4. 1 I ntr o d ucti o n.......................................................................................................... 4- 1 

 4. 2 User, Str uct ure, a n d C o m ple x I Ds ....................................................................... 4- 1 

 4. 2. 1 Platf or ms .................................................................................................. 4- 2 

 4. 2. 2 User I D..................................................................................................... 4- 2 

 4. 2. 3 Area.......................................................................................................... 4- 3 

 4. 2. 4 Bl oc k ........................................................................................................ 4- 3 

 4. 2. 5 Str uct ure Na me ........................................................................................ 4- 3 

 4. 2. 6 Latit u de/ L o n git u de C o or di nates .............................................................. 4- 3 

 4. 2. 7 Lease N u m bers......................................................................................... 4- 3 

 4. 3 E q ui p me nt S u m maries ......................................................................................... 4- 4 

 4. 3. 1 A mi ne U nits ............................................................................................. 4- 5 

 4. 3. 2 B oilers/ Heaters/ B ur ners........................................................................... 4- 6 

 4. 3. 3 Diesel E n gi nes ......................................................................................... 4- 6 

 4. 3. 4 Drilli n g Ri gs............................................................................................. 4- 6 

 4. 3. 5 Flares........................................................................................................ 4- 6 

 4. 3. 6 Nat ural Gas E n gi nes ................................................................................ 4- 6 

 4. 3. 7 Nat ural Gas T ur bi nes ............................................................................... 4- 6 
vi 

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S ( C O N TI N U E D) 

Secti o n P a ge

 4. 4 F uel Usa ge S u m maries ........................................................................................ 4- 6 

 4. 4. 1 B oilers/ Heaters/ B ur ners........................................................................... 4- 7 

 4. 4. 2 Diesel E n gi nes ......................................................................................... 4- 9 

 4. 4. 3 Nat ural Gas Reci pr ocati n g E n gi nes ......................................................... 4- 9 

 4. 4. 4 Nat ural Gas T ur bi nes ............................................................................. 4- 1 0 

 4. 4. 5 E q ui p me nt S u m F uel Usa ge Greater t ha n Platf or m T otal 

 F uel Usa ge............................................................................................. 4- 1 0 

 4. 5 Ot her Q ualit y C hec ks t hat Were Perf or me d o n t he S u b mitte d 

 B O A D S Dat a ..................................................................................................... 4- 1 1 

 4. 5. 1 Acti ve/I nacti ve C hec k............................................................................ 4- 1 1 

 4. 5. 2 M o nt hl y T otal H o urs C hec k .................................................................. 4- 1 1 

5. D E V E L O P M E N T O F T H E P L A T F O R M E MI S SI O N S I N V E N T O R Y ........................ 5- 1 

 5. 1 I ntr o d ucti o n.......................................................................................................... 5- 1 

 5. 2 E x pa nsi o n of t he Draft Bret o n St u d y Oracle D B M S........................................... 5- 1 

 5. 3 E missi o n Esti mati o n Pr oce d ures.......................................................................... 5- 3 

 5. 3. 1 A mi ne U nits ............................................................................................. 5- 3 

 5. 3. 2 B oilers/ Heaters/ B ur ners........................................................................... 5- 4 

 5. 3. 3 Diesel a n d Gas oli ne E n gi nes ................................................................... 5- 5 

 5. 3. 4 Drilli n g Ri gs............................................................................................. 5- 6 

 5. 3. 5 Flares........................................................................................................ 5- 7 

 5. 3. 6 Nat ural Gas E n gi nes ................................................................................ 5- 9 

 5. 3. 7 Nat ural Gas T ur bi nes ............................................................................. 5- 1 0 

6. D E V E L O P M E N T O F T H E N O N- P L A T F O R M E MI S SI O N S I N V E N T O R Y .............. 6- 1 

 6. 1 O C S Oil a n d Gas Pr o d ucti o n Relate d S o urces .................................................... 6- 3 

 6. 1. 1 Drilli n g Vessels........................................................................................ 6- 3 

 6. 1. 2 Pi pela yi n g O perati o ns.............................................................................. 6- 8 

 6. 1. 3 Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d Re m o val...................................................... 6- 1 3 

 6. 1. 4 S u p p ort Helic o pters ............................................................................... 6- 1 6 

 6. 1. 5 S u p p ort Vessels...................................................................................... 6- 1 9 

 6. 1. 6 S ur ve y Vessels ....................................................................................... 6- 2 1 
vii 

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S ( C O N TI N U E D) 

Secti o n P a ge

 6. 2 N o n- O C S Oil a n d Gas Pr o d ucti o n Relate d S o urces .......................................... 6- 2 5 

 6. 2. 1 C o m mercial Fis hi n g............................................................................... 6- 2 6 

 6. 2. 2 C o m mercial Mari ne Vessels .................................................................. 6- 3 1 

 6. 2. 3 Militar y Vessel O perati o ns .................................................................... 6- 3 2 

7. R E S U L T S ..................................................................................................................... ... 7- 1 

 7. 1 S u m mar y of St u d y A p pr oac h............................................................................... 7- 1 

 7. 2 Prese ntati o n of A n n ual E missi o n Esti mates ........................................................ 7- 2 

 7. 3 Li mitati o ns ........................................................................................................... 7- 2 

 7. 4 Rec o m me n dati o ns................................................................................................ 7- 3 

 7. 5 C o m paris o n wit h Ot her St u dies ........................................................................... 7- 6 

8. R E F E R E N C E S ................................................................................................................ 8- 1 
i x 

LI S T O F FI G U R E S 

Fi g ure P a ge

5- 1 Oracle Data base I nf or mati o n Fl o w.................................................................................. 5- 2 

6- 1 L ocati o n of Drilli n g O perati o ns a n d M M S Lease Bl oc ks f or 2 0 0 0................................. 6- 8 

6- 2 Pi peli ne L ocati o ns a n d M M S Lease Bl oc ks .................................................................. 6- 1 2 

6- 3 L ocati o n of Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d Re m o val .......................................................... 6- 1 6 

6- 4 L ocati o n of Acti ve Platf or ms wit h Heli pa ds ................................................................. 6- 1 8 

6- 5 L ocati o n of Acti ve Lease Bl oc ks a n d Ass ociate d S u p p ort Vessel Fair wa ys................. 6- 2 2 

6- 6 L ocati o n of U nlease d Bl oc ks ......................................................................................... 6- 2 5 

6- 7 N M F S Fis hi n g Z o nes wit h Lease Bl oc ks ...................................................................... 6- 3 1 

6- 8 C o m mercial Mari ne Vessel S hi p pi n g La nes a n d Lease Bl oc ks .................................... 6- 3 3 
xi 

LI S T O F T A B L E S 

T a ble P a ge

4- 1 E q ui p me nt C o m plete ness S u m mar y ................................................................................. 4- 4 

4- 2 S urr o gate Stac k Para meters Use d t o S u p ple me nt B O A D S Dat a ...................................... 4- 5 

5- 1 E missi o n Fact ors f or B oil ers/ Heaters/ B ur ners .................................................................. 5- 5 

5- 2 E missi o n Fact ors f or Gas oli n e a n d Diesel E n gi nes........................................................... 5- 6 

5- 3 E missi o n Fact ors f or E n gi nes Use d i n Drilli n g Ri gs ........................................................ 5- 7 

5- 4 E missi o n Fact ors f or Nat ural Gas - P o were d E n gi nes .................................................... 5- 1 0 

5- 5 E missi o n Fact ors f or Nat ural Gas T ur bi nes .................................................................... 5- 1 1 

6- 1 Mari ne E n gi ne E missi o n Fact or a n d F uel C o ns u m pti o n Al g orit h ms ............................... 6- 2 

6- 2 Jac k- u p Ri g E missi o n Fact ors ........................................................................................... 6- 5 

6- 3 Se mis u b mersi ble Ri g E missi o n Fact ors ............................................................................ 6- 5 

6- 4 Drilli n g Vessel Acti vit y Data ............................................................................................ 6- 6 

6- 5 E missi o n Fact ors f or Pi pela yi n g Vessels ........................................................................ 6- 1 0 

6- 6 Pi pela yi n g Acti vit y Data ................................................................................................. 6- 1 0 

6- 7 Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d Re m o val E missi o n Fact ors .................................................. 6- 1 4 

6- 8 Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n/ Re m o val Acti vit y Data ............................................................... 6- 1 5 

6- 9 S u m mar y of Helic o pt er Acti vit y Data............................................................................. 6- 1 7 

6- 1 0 A vera ge Helic o pter E missi o n Fact ors ............................................................................. 6- 1 7 

6- 1 1 S u p p ort Vessel E missi o n Fact ors .................................................................................... 6- 2 0 

6- 1 2 S u p p ort Vessel Acti vit y b y Vessel T y pe......................................................................... 6- 2 1 

6- 1 3 E missi o n Fact ors f or S ur ve y Vessels - 2 D Seis mi c ........................................................ 6- 2 4 

6- 1 4 E missi o n Fact ors f or S ur ve y Vessels - 3 D Seis mi c ........................................................ 6- 2 4 
xii 

LI S T O F T A B L E S ( C O N TI N U E D) 

T a ble P a ge

6- 1 5 Esti mate d H o urs of S ur ve y Ve ssel O perati o n i n t he B N W A.......................................... 6- 2 4 

6- 1 6 C o m mercial Fis hi n g E missi o n Fact ors............................................................................ 6- 2 7 

6- 1 7 C o m mercial Fis hi n g Ve ssel Acti vit y Data...................................................................... 6- 2 7 

6- 1 8 Li ne Fis hi n g Acti vit y Data .............................................................................................. 6- 2 8 

6- 1 9 Car g o Traffic E missi o n Fact ors f o r C o m mercial Marine Vessels .................................. 6- 3 2 

6- 2 0 Diesel Na val Vessel E missi o n Fact ors ............................................................................ 6- 3 4 

6- 2 1 Stea ms hi p E missi o n Fact ors............................................................................................ 6- 3 5

6- 2 2 E missi o n Fact ors f or C oast G uar d Vessels ..................................................................... 6- 3 6 

7- 1 T otal Platf or m E missi o n Esti mates ................................................................................... 7- 6 

7- 2 T otal N o n- Platf or m E missi o n Esti mates........................................................................... 7- 7 

7- 3 T otal Platf or m a n d N o n- Plat f or m E missi o n Esti mates ..................................................... 7- 7 

7- 4 C o m paris o n of O C S Platf o r m E missi o n Esti mates........................................................... 7- 8 
1- 1

1. E X E C U TI V E S U M M A R Y 

T he Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice ( M M S) is res p o nsi ble f or assessi n g t he p ote ntial 

i m pacts of air p oll uta nt e missi o ns fr o m offsh ore oil a n d gas e x pl orati o n, de vel o p me nt, a n d 

pr o d ucti o n s o urces i n t he O uter C o nti ne ntal S helf ( O C S). T his res p o nsi bilit y is dri ve n b y t he 

O C S La n ds Act, w hic h directs M M S t o re g ulate O C S e missi o n s o urces t o ass ure t hat t he y d o n ot 

si g nifica ntl y affect o ns h ore air q ualit y. T he M M S air q ualit y re g ulati o ns are c o ntai ne d i n 3 0 

C F R 2 5 0. 3 0 2 t hr o u g h 3 0 4. I n partic ular, M M S m u st assess t he i m pact of e missi o ns fr o m 

platf or m a n d ot her O C S s o urces o n t he ai r q ualit y of t he Bret o n Nati o nal Wil dlife 

Ref u ge/ Wil der ness Area ( B N W A), a Pre ve nti o n of Si g nifica nt Deteri oratio n Class I Area. U n der 

t he Clea n Air Act, air q ualit y de gra dati o n is t o be li mite d i n Class I areas. T o assess t he 

e missi o ns of offs h ore oil a n d gas platf or ms a n d t heir ass ociate d e missi o ns, t he M M S c o n d ucte d 

s o me li mite d e missi o n i n ve nt ories i n t he G ulf of Me xic o i n t he 1 9 8 0s. I n 1 9 9 1, t he M M S 

s p o ns ore d a re gi o nal oz o ne m o deli n g eff ort co n d ucte d b y t he U. S. E n vir o n me ntal Pr otecti o n 

A ge nc y ( E P A) usi n g t he Re gi o nal O xi da nt M o deli n g ( R O M). T he G ulf of Me xic o Air Q ualit y 

St u d y was i nitiate d t hat sa me year, a n d acti vit y data f or a G ulf wi de e missi o n i n ve nt or y were 

c ollecte d f or a o ne- y ear peri o d i n 1 9 9 1- 1 9 9 2. 

T he M M S’ G ulf of Me xic o O C S Re gi o na l office s p o ns ore d t his pr oject, t he D at a Q u ality 

C o ntr ol a n d E missi o ns I nve nt ories of O C S Oil a n d G as Pr o d ucti o n Activities i n t he Bret o n Are a 

of t he G ulf of Mexic o ( M M S C o ntract N o. 1 4 3 5- 0 1- 0 1- C T- 3 11 6 3). T he M M S’ G ulf of Me xic o 

O C S Re gi o nal office als o s p o ns or e d t w o si milar pr ojects, t he G ulf wi de E missi o n I nve nt ory f or 

t he Re gi o n al H aze a n d Oz o ne M o deli n g Eff ort St u d y ( M M S C o ntract N o. 0 0- 0 1- C T- 3 1 0 2 1) 

( Wils o n et al. 2 0 0 4), a n d t he E missi o n I nve nt ories of O C S Pr o d ucti o n a n d Devel o p me nt 

Activities i n t he G ulf of Mexic o ( M M S C o ntract N o. 1 4 3 5- 0 1- 9 8- C T- 3 0 8 5 6) ( C oe et al. 2 0 0 3). 

T his st u d y b uil ds u p o n t hese st u dies wit h t he g oa l of de vel o pi n g a n air p oll uti o n e missi o ns 

i n ve nt or y, f or t he peri o d fr o m Se pte m ber 2 0 0 0 t hr o u g h A u g ust 2 0 0 1, f or all O C S oil a n d gas 

pr o d ucti o n-relate d s o urces wit hi n 1 0 0 kil o mete rs ( k m) of t he B N W A, i ncl u di n g n o n- platf or m 

s o urces. P oll uta nts c o vere d i n t his i n ve nt or y are nitr o ge n o xi des ( N O ) a n d s ulf ur di o xi de ( S O ). 

T o de vel o p t he i n ve nt or y, t he Bret o n Offs h ore Acti vities Data S yste m ( B O A D S) was 

create d, w hic h was use d t o c ollect m o nt hl y acti v it y data fr o m platf or m s o urces. T he acti vit y 

data were c o m bi ne d wit h t he m ost rece nt e mi ssi o n fact ors p u blis he d b y t he E P A a n d E missi o n 

I n ve nt or y I m pr o ve me nt Pr o gra m ( EII P) e missi o n esti mati o n met h o ds t o de vel o p a 

c o m pre he nsi ve e missi o ns i n ve nt or y f or N O a n d S O . N o n- platf or m e missi o n esti mates were 

de vel o pe d f or s o urces s uc h as c o m mercial mari ne vessels a n d helic o pte rs. M M S will use t he 

res ults of t his st u d y t o deter mi ne h o w N O a n d S O c o nce ntrati o ns ha ve c ha n ge d o ver ti me i n t he 

B N W A. 
2- 1

2. I N T R O D U C TI O N 

2. 1 B A C K G R O U N D 

T he Bret o n Nati o nal Wil der ness Area ( B N W A) , part of t he Bret o n Nati o nal Wil dlife 

Ref u ge, is classifie d as a Cla ss I area u n der t he U. S. E n vir o n me ntal Pr otecti o n A ge nc y’s ( E P A’s) 

Pre ve nti o n of Si g nifica nt Deteri orati o n ( P S D) re g ulati o ns. T he B N W A is ma na ge d b y t he U. S. 

Fis h a n d Wil dlife Ser vice. U n der t he Clea n Air Ac t, air q ualit y de gra dati o n is li mite d i n Class I 

areas b y esta blis hi n g stri n ge nt “i ncre me nt” li mits f or nitr o ge n o xi des ( N O ) a n d s ulf ur di o xi de 

( S O ). T hese i ncre me nts are t he ma xi m u m i ncreases i n a m bie nt p oll uta nt c o nce ntrati o ns 

all o we d o ver baseli ne c o nce ntrati o ns. T he Mi ne rals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice ( M M S) is res p o nsi ble 

f or deter mi ni n g if air p olluta nt c o nce ntrati o ns of N O a n d S O ha ve c ha n ge d o ver ti me i n t he 

G ulf of Me xic o i n t he vici ni t y of t he B N W A d ue t o e missio ns fr o m oil a n d nat ural gas 

pr o d ucti o n s o urces. 

I n res p o nse t o t his ma n date, M M S has de velo pe d a n o verall strate g y t o deal wit h O uter 

C o nti ne ntal S helf ( O C S) oil a n d gas pr o d ucti o n acti vities t hat c o ul d affect t he B N W A. T his 

i ncl u des de vel o pi n g i n ve nt ories of platf or m e missi o ns, c o n d ucti n g air q ualit y m o nit ori n g 

acti vities, a n d esta blis hi n g a re vie w pr ocess f o r ne w pla ns t hat i ncl u des cl ose c o or di nati o n wit h 

t he Fis h a n d Wil dlife Ser vice. 

C urre ntl y t here are t hree st u dies w hic h will pr o vi de t he M M S wit h data bases descri bi n g 

t he O C S oil a n d gas pr o d ucti o n e missi o ns d uri n g f o ur peri o ds. T he peri o ds c o ver all of t he years 

1 9 7 7, 1 9 8 8, a n d 2 0 0 0; a n d t his st u d y, w hic h c o vers 1 2 c o nsec uti ve m o nt hs fr o m Se pte m ber 1, 

2 0 0 0 t o A u g ust 3 1, 2 0 0 1. 

2. 2 S C O P E A N D P U R P O S E O F T HI S P R O J E C T 

T he i n ve nt or y st u d y peri o d c o vere d i n t h is re p ort, 1 2 c o nsec uti ve m o nt hs fr o m 

Se pte m ber 1, 2 0 0 0 t o A u g ust 3 1, 2 0 0 1, c oi nci des wit h air q ualit y m o nit orin g acti vities i n t he 

Bret o n area. T hr o u g h a n Office of Ma na ge me nt a n d B u d get-a p pr o ve d I nf or mati o n C ollecti o n 

Re q uest, M M S re q uire d affecte d platf or m o perat o rs t o c ollect a n d s u b mit t he acti vit y data 

nee de d t o de vel o p e missi o n esti mates f or N O a n d S O fr o m platf or m acti vities. Affecte d 

o perat ors are lessees a n d o perat ors of fe deral oil, gas, a n d s u l p h ur leases wit hi n 1 0 0 kil o meters 

( k m) of t he B N W A. M M S p u blis he d N otice t o Lessees a n d O perat ors ( N T L) 9 9- G 1 4 t o i nf or m 

o perat ors a b o ut t he Bret o n Area st u d y, a n d a n A u g ust 1 6, 1 9 9 9 meeti n g t he y were t o atte n d t o 

lear n m ore a b o ut t he acti vit y data re q uest a n d t heir r ole. 

M M S de vel o pe d a n d distri b ute d a Vis ual Basic pr o gra m f or platf or m o perat ors t o use t o 

c ollect a n d s u b mit acti vit y data o n a m o nt hl y basi s. T he pr o gra m, k n o w n as t he Bret o n Offs h ore 

Acti vities Data S yste m ( B O A D S), was use d b y o per at ors t o s u b mit acti vit y data f or a n u m ber of 

pr o d ucti o n platf or m e missi o n s o urce s. O perat ors use d t he B O A D S s oft ware t o c ollect acti vit y 

data f or a mi ne u nits, b oilers/ heaters/ b ur ners, di esel e n gi nes, drilli n g e q ui p me nt, flares, a n d 

nat ural gas e n gi nes a n d t ur bi nes. 
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T hese acti vit y data were use d t o calc ulate S O a n d N O e missi o ns. T he Bret o n Oracle 

data base ma na ge me nt s yste m ( D B M S) calc ulates a n d arc hi ves t he acti vit y data a n d t he res ulti n g 

e missi o ns esti mates. Data base users ca n q uer y b y p oll uta nt, m o nt h, e q ui p me nt t y pe, platf or m, 

etc. 

2. 3 S T U D Y O B J E C TI V E S 

T he o bjecti ves of t his st u d y ar e t o use t he B O A D S Vis ual Basic data c ollecti o n s oft ware 

( writte n i n Access) t o c ollect acti vit y data fr o m platf or m s o ur ces l ocate d wit hi n 1 0 0 k m of t he 

B N W A, q ualit y c o ntr ol ( Q C) t he acti vit y data, use t he acti vit y data t o de vel o p m o nt hl y e missi o n 

esti mates of N O a n d S O2, a n d de vel o p N O a n d S O e missi o n esti mates f or n o n- platf or m 

s o urces wit hi n 1 0 0 k m of t he B N W A. S o urces wit hi n 1 0 0 k m t he B N W A were tar gete d beca use 

M M S is res p o nsi ble f or deter mi ni n g if air p oll uta nt c o nce ntrati o ns of N O a n d S O ha ve c ha n ge d 

o ver ti me i n t he vici nit y of t he B N W A. M M S’ Oracle D B M S was u p date d a n d use d t o calc ulate 

a n d arc hi ve platf or m e missi o ns esti mates usi n g t h e m ost c urre nt e missi o n fact ors, calc ulati o n 

met h o ds, a n d acti vit y data. 

2. 4 R E P O R T O R G A NI Z A TI O N 

F oll o wi n g t his i ntr o d ucti o n, t he D at a Q u ality C o ntr ol a n d E missi o ns I nve nt ories of O C S 

Pl atf or m Activities i n t he Bret o n Are a of t he G ulf of Mexic o re p ort is or ga nize d as f oll o ws: 

• Secti o n 3 disc usses h o w t he platf or m acti vit y data were c ollecte d a n d c o m pile d 

f or s o urces near t he B N W A. 

• Secti o n 4 s u m marizes t he q ualit y ass ura nce/ q ualit y c o ntr ol pr oce d ures t hat were 

i m ple me nte d after recei pt of t he files t o pre pare t he data f or use i n de vel o pi n g 

e missi o n calc ulati o ns. T he a p pr oac h use d t o fill i n data ga ps i n t he platf or m data 

is als o disc usse d i n Secti o n 4. 

• Calc ulati o n met h o ds f or eac h piece of platf or m e q ui p me nt are prese nte d i n 

Secti o n 5. T hese calc ulati o n r o uti nes are perf or me d i n t he Oracle D B M S. 

• Calc ulati o n met h o ds f or n o n- platf or m s o urces are disc usse d i n Secti o n 6. 

• Secti o n 7 s u m marizes t he res ulti n g e missi o n esti mates b y e q ui p me nt t y pe a n d 

p oll uta nt. T he li mitati o ns ass ociate d wit h t he data a n d t he e missi o n esti mates are 

als o n ote d i n Secti o n 7. 

• Refere nces cite d t hr o u g h o ut t he rep ort are liste d i n Secti o n 8. 
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3. D A T A C O L L E C TI O N 

3. 1 I N T R O D U C TI O N 

T o de vel o p t he N O a n d S O i n ve nt or y f or all oil a n d gas platf or ms wit hi n 1 0 0 k m of t he 

B N W A, M M S c ollecte d acti vit y data fr o m pl atf or m o perat ors fr o m Se pt e m ber 2 0 0 0 t hr o u g h 

A u g ust 2 0 0 1. T he o bjecti ve was t o c ollect, perf or m Q C, a n d arc hi v e acti vit y data fr o m platf or m 

s o urces near t he B N W A t hat e mit S O a n d N O . 

T his secti o n of t he re p ort o utli nes t he ste ps ta ke n t o c ollect t he data, i ncl u di n g meeti n g 

wit h a n d trai ni n g platf or m o perat ors, a n d a ns weri n g q uesti o ns a b o ut data c ollecti o n. T he acti vit y 

data c ollecte d were use d t o calc ulate e missi o n esti mates usi n g t he m ost c urre nt e missi o n fact ors 

a n d calc ulati o n met h o ds. 

3. 2 S O F T W A R E DI S T RI B U TI O N 

A w or ks h o p was hel d i n Ne w Orlea ns o n A u g ust 1 6, 1 9 9 9 t o disc uss a n d e x plai n t he 

i nf or mati o n c ollecti o n a n d re p orti n g pr oce d ures, t he p oll uta nts t o be c o vere d, a n d t he reas o ns t he 

Bret o n st u d y was u n derta ke n. M M S i ntr o d uce d t he B O A D S Vis ual Basic acti vit y data 

c ollecti o n pr o gra m at t he w or ks h o p, a n d all o we d user s t o i nstall a n d use t he s oft ware first ha n d. 

M M S wal ke d o perat ors t hr o u g h i nstalli n g t he s oft ware, e nteri n g data, a n d re p orti n g data. 

T he User’s G ui de f or t he Bret o n Offs h ore Acti vities D at a Syste m ( B O A D S) f or Air 

Q u ality ( C oe et al. 2 0 0 1) was t he pri mar y s o urce of i nf or mati o n f or o perat ors. T he g ui de was 

ma de a vaila ble t o all users o n t he M M S G ulf of Me xic o Re gi o n we b si te, w here it c o ul d be 

d o w nl oa de d a n d pri nte d. T he g ui de c o ntai ns i nstr ucti o ns o n i nstallati o n, starti n g a n d e xiti n g 

B O A D S, creati n g a n d e diti n g data, q ualit y c o ntr ol, a n d sa vi n g a n d bac ki n g u p files. 

M M S ha d a n i nitial test peri o d of t he B O A D S s oft ware f or Se pte m ber a n d Oct o ber, 1 9 9 9. 

T he test peri o d was desi g ne d t o all o w o perat ors t o e nter li mite d acti vit y data a n d gai n fa miliarit y 

wit h t he s oft ware a n d data e ntr y re q uire me nts. T he test peri o d als o all o we d M M S t o e val uate 

t he f u ncti o nalit y of t he pr o gra m a n d pr o ble ms e nc o u ntere d b y t he users. 

3. 3 O P E R A T O R U S E O F B O A D S S O F T W A R E T O C O M PI L E D A T A 

O nce o perat ors atte n de d t he trai ni n g w or ks h o p, o bt ai ne d t he s oft ware, a n d partici pate d i n 

t he test peri o d, t he y were rea d y t o be gi n e nteri n g a n d s u b mitti n g acti vit y data o n a m o nt hl y basis. 

T he i nitial data c ollecti o n p hase was t o r u n fr o m Ja n uar y 2 0 0 0 t hr o u g h Dece m ber 2 0 0 0. T he 

c ollecti o n p hase was t he n e xte n de d t hr o u g h A u g ust 2 0 0 1. 

M M S c o m m u nicate d wit h o perat ors t hr o u g h t h e M M S we b site usi n g Fre q ue ntl y As ke d 

Q uesti o ns ( F A Qs) p oste d o n t heir we b site, a n d via e mail a n d tele p h o ne. T he desi g nate d s u p p ort 

staff were Mr. J oe Perr y ma n a n d Mr. Y P Desai. 

F or eac h e missi o n s o urce, t here is a n e q ui p m e nt scree n t hat c o ntai ns fiel ds f or t he 

para meters t o be rec or de d. As a n e xa m ple, t he b oiler/ heater/ b ur ner e q ui p me nt scree ns re q uire 
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o perat ors t o e nter para meters s uc h as h o urs o pera te d, f uel t y pe, f uel heati n g val ue, a m o u nt of 

f uel use d, a n d e q ui p me nt ele vati o n. F or details o n e q ui p me nt para meters, see A p pe n di x A of t he

User’s G ui de f or t he Bret o n Offs h ore Activities D at a Syste m f or Air Q u ality ( C oe et al. 2 0 0 1). 

3. 4 Q U A LI T Y C O N T R O L C H E C K S 

Q ualit y c o ntr ol pr oce d ures were pr o gra m me d i nt o t he s oft ware i n a n eff ort t o mi ni mize 

t he s u b mittal of i nc o m plete a n d err o ne o us acti vit y data b y t he platf or m o perat ors. T he s oft ware 

a ut o maticall y r u ns a series of Q C c hec ks o n t he da ta w he n t he o perat or sa ves it. If t he o perat or 

lea ves a fiel d bla n k, pr o vi des data t hat are o ut of ra n ge, or e nters a val ue t hat is n ot c o nsiste nt o n 

a m o nt h-t o- m o nt h basis, a n err or messa ge will a p pear. T he o perat or ca n eit her: c orrect t he 

pr o ble m, o verri de t he Q C c hec k (a n d pr o vi de a c o m me nt), or i g n ore t he messa ge a n d sa ve t he 

file a n y wa y. W he n o perat ors e ntere d data t hat a p peare d i n t he Q C res ults, E R G atte m pte d t o 

rec o ncile t he missi n g, at y pical, or s us pect data b y re vie wi n g t he c o m me nts, c o ntacti n g t he 

o perat ors, or de vel o pi n g s urr o ga te data as descri be d i n Secti o n 4 of t his re p ort. 
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4. Q U A LI T Y A S S U R A N C E/ Q U A LI T Y C O N T R O L 

4. 1 I N T R O D U C TI O N 

Platf or m o perat ors s u b mitte d data files ge ne rate d b y t he B O A D S s oftware. Fift y-fi ve 

c o m pa nies s u b mitte d data f or 5 9 9 acti ve or i nacti v e platf or ms (c o m bi nati o n of c o m ple x I D a n d 

str uct ure I D). I ncl u de d i n t he s u b mittal were 6 3 1 s ur ve y rec or ds a n d 6, 9 5 0 str uct ure rec or ds. A 

u ni q ue s ur ve y rec or d is a c o m bi nati o n of user I D a n d m o nt h. A u ni q ue str uct ure rec or d is a 

c o m bi nati o n of c o m ple x I D, str uct ure I D, a n d m o nt h. 

T his secti o n s u m marizes t he data recei ve d, t he ste ps E R G t o o k t o re vie w t he m o nt hl y 

B O A D S data f or c o m plete ness a n d acc urac y, a n d t he t y pes of err ors e nc o u ntere d. Als o 

disc usse d i n t his secti o n are t he pr oce d ures us e d t o c orrect a n d ga p-fill missi n g data. W he n 

o perat ors faile d t o e nter data or e ntere d data t hat were at y pical or s us pect, E R G atte m pte d t o 

rec o ncile t he data b y revie wi n g t he c o m me nts, c o ntacti n g t he o perat ors, or de vel o pi n g s urr o gate 

data. 

Pri or t o perf or mi n g t he q ualit y c hec ks n ote d be l o w, t he s u b mitte d data were e val uate d t o 

i de ntif y a n y e xtra ne o us data t hat s h o ul d be re m o ve d. F or e xa m ple, 9 7 platf or ms o nl y s u b mitte d 

t he str uct ures ta ble; n o e q ui p me nt ta bles were pr o vi de d. T hese platf or ms were re m o ve d fr o m t he 

data set. F or 8 7 platf or ms, data were pr o vi de d o nl y f or f u giti ve e missi o n s o urces, a n d o ne 

platf or m s u b mitte d data o nl y f or a gl yc ol de h y drat or a n d st ora ge ta n ks. As v olatile or ga nic 

c o m p o u n d ( V O C) s o urces are n ot i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y, t hese 8 8 platf or ms were re m o ve d 

fr o m t he dataset. 3 0 platf or ms re p orte d t hat t he y were i nacti ve f or t he w h ole 1 2 m o nt h peri o d 

t hat t he i n ve nt or y c o vers. T hese 3 0 platf or ms were als o re m o ve d, lea vi n g 3 8 4 acti ve platf or ms 

i n t he B N W A i n ve nt or y. 

4. 2 U S E R, S T R U C T U R E, A N D C O M P L E X I D S 

T he B O A D S files t hat were s u b mitte d were a p pe n de d i nt o o ne c o m p osite data base. Q C 

c hec ks were perf or me d o n t he c o m p osite data base t o i ns ure t hat t he user I D, c o m ple x I D, 

str uct ure I D, area, bl oc k, str ucture na me, l o n git u de, latit u de, a n d lease n u m bers were c orrect i n 

t he str uct ure ta ble. 

A p pr o xi matel y 4 7 % of t he 3 8 4 platf or ms c o m pl ete d all 1 2 s ur ve ys. T he re mai ni n g 

2 0 3 platf or ms s u b mitte d bet wee n 1 a n d 1 1 s ur ve ys. F or 1 8 platf or ms it was clear t hat t here was 

a c ha n ge of o w ners hi p – wit h m o nt hs s u b mitte d u n der t w o differe nt user I Ds. M M S staff 

c o ntacte d t he ot her platf or m o perat ors t o o btai n data f or t he m o nt hs w here data s u b mittals were 

n ot ma de. 

T here were 2 c o m pa nies t hat re p orte d data f or t he m o nt hs Ja n uar y t hr o u g h A u g ust of 

2 0 0 0, b ut t hese m o nt hs are n ot i ncl u de d i n t he i n ve nt or y ti me peri o d. T hese s u b mittals 

acc o u nte d f or 7 7 6 rec or ds i n t he str uct ure ta ble a n d were re m o ve d fr o m t he acti vit y data base. 

M M S’ fiel d officers c o ntacte d t he platf or m o perat ors w h o s u b mitte d data t hat were 

missi n g m o nt hs. T he platf or m o perat ors pr o vi de d data f or 2 5 platf or ms. M ost of t he 

s u p ple me ntal files pr o vi de d were still missi n g m o nt hl y rec or ds. 
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F or t he re mai ni n g platf or ms wit h missi n g m o nt hl y data, s urr o gate data were de vel o pe d 

de pe n di n g u p o n t he a m o u nt of platf or m s pecific data t hat were pr o vi de d. W he n a platf or m 

o perat or s u b mitte d t hree or m ore m o nt hs of data, a vera ges of t he s u b mitte d platf or m data were 

use d t o fill t he data ga ps f or t he missi n g m o nt hs. W he n a platf or m pr o vi de d o nl y o ne or t w o 

m o nt hs, G ulf wi de a vera ges were de vel o pe d fr o m t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y dataset ( Wils o n et al. 

2 0 0 4) a n d use d t o fill t he data ga ps fr o m t he missi n g m o nt hs. 

4. 2. 1 Pl atf or ms 

T he first q ualit y c hec k perf or me d o n t he s u b mitte d data was o n t he user, c o m ple x, a n d 

str uct ure I Ds. T his c hec k was i m ple me nte d b y c o m pari n g t he s u b mitte d I Ds t o t he master list 

o btai ne d fr o m t he M M S we b pa ge, a n d t he I Ds use d i n t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y data base. After 

ref or matti n g t he I Ds, 3 7 9 o ut of t he 5 9 9 platf or ms were matc he d t o platf or m s o n master list. Of 

t he re mai ni n g 2 2 0 platf or ms, 1 6 mat c he d platf or ms i n t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y data base. 

T he re mai ni n g 2 0 4 platf or ms t hat di d n ot matc h eit her data base were ma n uall y matc he d 

b y c o m pari n g t he c o m ple x a n d str uct ure I Ds. Usi n g t hese t w o fiel ds, 1 1 3 platf or ms were 

matc he d t o t h ose o n t he master list or t he G u lf wi de I n ve nt or y data base. T he re mai ni n g 9 1 

platf or ms were ma n uall y matc he d b y c o m pari n g t h e area, bl oc k, a n d str uct ure I Ds. O nce t he 

platf or ms were matc he d, t he c o m ple x or str uct ur e I D were c orrecte d t o matc h t he I D i n t he 

master list. 

T here were 3 platf or ms t hat c o ul d n ot be i d e ntifie d wit h t he i nf or mati o n gi ve n i n t he 

str uct ure ta ble. O ne of t hese platf or ms, S L 1 3 7 1 8, was re m o ve d fr o m t he i n ve nt or y beca use it 

was deter mi ne d t o be i n state wa ters a n d n ot part of t he sc o pe of t he B N W A I n ve nt or y pr oject. 

T here are o nl y t w o platf or ms t hat c o ul d n ot be i de ntifie d. 

4. 2. 2 User I D 

A wi de ra n ge of pr o ble ms were e nc o u ntere d d u ri n g c hec ks of t he user I Ds. Ma n y of t he 

pr o ble ms relate d t o c ha n ges i n o w ners hi p. I n or de r t o ha n dle user I D pr o ble ms c o nsiste ntl y, a 

ge neric list was de vel o pe d of t he t y pes of pr o bl e ms e nc o u ntere d a n d t he re q uire d acti o ns t o be 

ta ke n t o re vise t he user I Ds. 

T hirt y-t hree perce nt of t he user I Ds s u b mitte d nee de d t o be c orrecte d. F or e xa m ple, 

s o me c o m pa nies p ut t heir na me i n t his fiel d, n ot t heir user I D n u m ber; t hese mista kes were 

c orrecte d as t he y were i de ntifie d. 

T here were se veral c o m pa nies t hat use d t he I D s ail. T hese rec or ds c o ul d n ot be 

a p pe n de d i nt o t he user a n d t he s ur ve y ta bles, as t h ese were fla g ge d as d u plicates beca use t he user 

I D is t he pri mar y ke y f or b ot h of t hese ta bles. T he s ail user I D was ass ociate d wit h f o ur user 

I Ds. F or o ne of t he c o m pa nies, t he user I D was c orrecte d base d o n t he master list. Ra n ge 

Res o urces was n ot o n t he master li st; t he user I D f or H R Res o urces was use d as t he y were n ote d 

t o be t he o w ner of t he platf or m base d o n t he platf or m I D a n d lease n u m ber. Of t he re mai ni n g 

t w o c o m pa nies, Basi n E x pl orati o n, I nc. mer ge d wit h St o ne E ner g y C or p or ati o n, s o t he user I D 

f or St o ne E ner g y was a p plie d t o b ot h. E x x o n an d M o bil use d t he sa me I D ( 0 0 2 7 6) i ncl u de d i n 
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t he master list. F or t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y, t heir data were s u b mitte d t o get her, s o t his di d n ot 

p ose a pr o ble m i n i nc or p orati n g t he data i nt o t h e data base. B ut i n t his st u d y, t he data were 

s u b mitte d se paratel y a n d were fla g ge d as d u plicates a n d t heref ore c o ul d n ot be easil y a p pe n de d 

i nt o t he s ur ve y a n d user ta bles. C o nsi deri n g t he y use d t he sa me I Ds i n t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y 

a n d n o ne of t he platf or ms were tr ul y d u plicates, t heir s u b mittals were ma n uall y mer ge d a n d t he 

na me a n d user I D i ncl u de d i n M M S’ ma ster list was a p plie d t o t heir data. 

4. 2. 3 Are a 

Necessar y c orrecti o ns t o t he area fiel d were ma de w here err ors were e nc o u ntere d. S o me 

c o m pa nies ga ve t he a p pr o priate a b bre viati o n f or t his fiel d, w hile ot her c o m pa nies use d t he f ull 

te xt na me of t he area. I n t his Q C c hec k, t he c orrect a b bre viati o ns were use d w here n o na b bre viate d data were s u b mitte d. 

4. 2. 4 Bl oc k 

T he bl oc k fiel d was als o c hec ke d t o i ns ure t hat t he s u b mitte d data matc he d t he M M S 

data base. M ost of t he bl oc k rec or ds were c o rrect, b ut s o me c o m pa nies i ncl u de d e xtra ne o us 

i nf or mati o n i n t he bl oc k fiel d, a n d a fe w c o m pa nies use d t he str uct ure na me i n t he bl oc k fiel d 

rat her t ha n t he bl oc k c o de. W here necessar y, rec or ds were c ha n ge d t o matc h t he M M S data base. 

4. 2. 5 Str uct ure N a me 

I n t he str uct ure na me fiel d, ma n y c o m pa nies p o p ulate d t his fiel d i nc orrectl y. T h ose 

platf or ms t hat matc he d eit her t he M M S master list or t he fi nal G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y data base were 

n ot c ha n ge d. T h ose platf or ms t hat di d n ot matc h eit her were u p date d t o matc h t he M M S master 

or G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y lists. Ma n y of t he c h a n ges t hat nee de d t o be ma de were mi n or 

c orrecti o ns. 

4. 2. 6 L atit u de/ L o n git u de C o or di n ates 

Latit u de a n d l o n git u de c o or di nates of t he platf or ms were c hec ke d. M ost of t he 

c o or di nates were c orrect, b ut s o me of t he s u b mitte d c o or di nates differe d fr o m t he c o or di nates i n 

t he M M S master list. T hese data were re place d wit h t he c o or di nates i n t he M M S master list. 

F or t h ose platf or ms t hat were i n t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y data base a n d n ot o n t he master ta ble, t he 

c o or di nates were re vise d usi n g t he c o or di nates i n t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y data base. T he t w o 

platf or ms t hat were n ot matc he d t o eit her list retai ne d t heir c o or di nates. 

4. 2. 7 Le ase N u m bers 

Ma n y c o m pa nies re p orte d t heir lease n u m ber usi n g differe nt f or mats. T o ma ke all lease 

n u m bers c o nsiste nt, t he f oll o wi n g f or mat was use d: O C S- G- X X X X X, w here t he X’s re prese nt 

t he 5 di git lease n u m ber. 

T he lease I D n u m bers were c o m pare d t o t he M M S master ta ble. O nl y t w o lease n u m bers 

nee de d t o be c ha n ge d. Beca use o w ners hi p c ha n ges fre q ue ntl y, it is ofte n diffic ult t o i de ntif y 
4- 4

w h o o w ns t he platf or m c urre ntl y a n d w h o o w ne d it w he n t he data were c ollecte d. T he t w o lease 

n u m bers t hat di d c ha n ge were o b vi o usl y wr o n g a n d t he y were u p date d t o t he lease n u m bers 

pr o vi de d i n t he M M S master list. 

4. 3 E Q UI P M E N T S U M M A RI E S 

T he platf or m o perat ors pr o vi de d m o nt hl y, pr ocess-s pecific data . T hese data are use d i n 

t he e missi o n esti mati n g pr oce d ures disc usse d i n Secti o n 5 of t his re p ort t o esti mate m o nt hl y a n d 

a n n ual e missi o ns. T o i ns ure t hat t he e q ui p me nt da ta were c o m plete a n d reas o na ble, a variet y of 

q ualit y c hec ks were perf or me d. 

Ta ble 4- 1 s u m marizes t he c o m plete ness re vie w of s pecifie d e q ui p me nt. W here p ossi ble, 

s urr o gate stac k para meter data were use d base d o n k n o wle d ge of platf or m o perati o ns a n d 

e q ui p me nt t o fill t he i de ntifie d data ga ps. T hes e s urr o gate stac k para meter val ues are n ote d i n 

Ta ble 4- 2. S urr o gate val ues were calc ulate d f o r e xit vel ocit y fr o m t he s u b mitte d data. Ot her 

s urr o gate data were de vel o pe d fr o m G ulf wi de i n d ustr y a vera ges. It s h o ul d be n ote d t hat 

s urr o gate stac k para meters were n ot nee de d f or all e q ui p me nt; o nl y t he s urr o gates t hat were 

nee de d are s h o w n i n Ta ble 4- 2. F or stac k ele vati o n, t he B O A D S pr o gra m re q ueste d differe nt 

val ues f or flares t hat f or ot her e q ui p me nt. F or fl ares, t he pr o gra m re q ueste d t hat o perat ors e nter 

stac k o utlet ele vati o n (ab o ve mea n sea le vel). F or all ot her e q ui p me nt, t he pr o gra m re q ueste d 

t hat o perat ors e nter e q ui p me nt ele vati o n a n d o utlet hei g ht (a b o ve t he e q ui p me nt). 

Ta ble 4- 1. E q ui p me nt C o m plete ness S u m mar y. 

E q ui p me nt Ta ble 

N u m ber 

of U nits 

T otal Acti ve 

M o nt hl y 

S u b mittals 

Recei ve d 

T otal P ossi ble 

Acti ve M o nt hl y 

S u b mittals C o m plete ness 

A mi ne U nits 6 4 8 5 8 0. 8 2 7 6 

B oilers 1 7 0 1 4 8 0 1 6 4 6 0. 8 9 9 1 

Diesel E n gi nes 8 3 1 7 3 3 3 8 2 6 9 0. 8 8 6 8 

Drilli n g 

E q ui p me nt 

1 0 3 2 4 7 N/ A N/ A 

Flares 5 7 4 6 6 5 5 5 0. 8 3 9 6 

Gl y c ol 

De h y drat ors 

1 4 1 1 3 3 7 1 4 9 9 0. 8 9 1 9 

Nat ural Gas 

E n gi nes 

5 7 8 5 5 3 2 5 9 6 4 0. 9 2 7 6 

Nat ural Gas 

T ur bi nes 

1 5 8 1 5 3 8 1 6 8 9 0. 9 1 0 6 

 T otal p ossi ble s u b mittals i ncl u de a dj ust me nts t o acc o u nt f or m o nt hs w he n t he e q ui p me nt is fla g ge d as i nacti ve

 N ot a p plica ble; drilli n g o perati o ns are i nter mitte nt ma ki n g it i m p ossi ble t o esti mate p ossi ble s u b mittals
4- 5

Ta ble 4- 2. S urr o gate Stac k Para mete rs Use d t o S u p ple me nt B O A D S Dat a. 

U nit Fiel d Defa ult Val ue 

B oiler/ heater/ b ur ner Ma x rate d f uel use ( nat ural gas) 1, 6 0 4 scf/ hr 

B oiler/ heater/ b ur ner A v g. f uel use ( nat ural gas) 9 8 0 scf/ hr 

Diesel E n gi ne Ma x rate d f uel use 7, 0 4 9 Bt u/ h p- hr 

Diesel E n gi ne A v g. f uel use 5, 8 9 3 Bt u/ h p- hr 

Diesel E n gi ne – e x ha ust s yste m E xit te m perat ure 7 3 9 ° F 

Flare E xit te m perat ure 1, 2 1 5 ° F 

Flare O utlet dia meter 1 3 i nc hes 

Flare Stac k o utlet ele vati o n 1 8 6 ft a b o ve sea le vel 

Nat ural Gas E n gi ne Ma x rate d f uel use 7, 0 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr 

Nat ural Gas E n gi ne A v g. f uel use 7, 0 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr 

Nat ural Gas E n gi ne – e x ha ust 

s yste m 

E xit te m perat ure 1, 1 0 0 ° F 

Nat ural Gas T ur bi ne Ma x rate d f uel use 1 0, 4 5 8 Bt u/ h p- hr 

Nat ural Gas T ur bi ne A v g. f uel use 9, 6 6 8 Bt u/ h p- hr 

Nat ural Gas T ur bi ne – e x ha ust 

s yste m 

E xit te m perat ure 8 7 8 ° F 

Nat ural Gas T ur bi ne – e x ha ust 

s yste m 

O utlet hei g ht 3 3 feet a b o ve u nit 

T he c o m plete ness of t he s u b mitte d data nee de d t o calc ulate e missi o ns is disc usse d bel o w 

f or eac h of t he e q ui p me nt t y pes i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y. S pecial atte nti o n was pai d t o data 

ele me nts t hat are re q uire d t o calc ulate e missi o ns ( n ot stac k para meters) beca use t he g oal of 

de vel o pi n g t his i n ve nt or y was t o de vel o p e missi o n esti mates f or all acti ve e missi o n s o urces o n a 

m o nt hl y basis. T h us, missi n g data ele me nts s u c h as a m o u nt of f uel use d a n d h o urs o perate d 

nee de d t o be p o p ulate d if t he e q ui p me nt were c o nsi dere d acti ve ( o perati n g) f or a n y gi ve n m o nt h. 

I n t hese cases, t he missi n g data were p o p ulate d wit h platf or m s pecific or G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y 

a vera ges. W he n a platf or m o perat or s u b mitte d t hree or m ore m o nt hs of data, a vera ges of t he 

s u b mitte d platf or m data were use d t o fill t he data ga ps f or t he missi n g m o nt hs. W he n a platf or m 

pr o vi de d o nl y o ne or t w o m o nt hs, G ulf wi de a vera ges were de vel o pe d fr o m t he G ulf wi de 

I n ve nt or y dataset ( Wils o n et al. 2 0 0 4) a n d use d t o fill t he data ga ps fr o m t he missi n g m o nt hs. 

4. 3. 1 A mi ne U nits 

T he a mi ne u nit ta ble was o nl y p o p ulate d b y f o ur c o m pa nies wit h a t otal of si x u nits. O ne 

of t hese u nits was fla g ge d as i nacti ve. Of t he fi ve re mai ni n g a mi ne u nits, t w o ha d s ulf ur 

rec o ver y. T he re mai ni n g t hree a mi ne u nits flare d t heir e missi o ns t o t he at m os p here. 
4- 6

4. 3. 2 B oilers/ He aters/ B ur ners 

T here are 1 7 0 b oilers o perat i n g o n 1 1 2 platf or ms f or 4 4 c o m pa nies. T he c o m plete ness 

ra n ge of t he s u b mitte d data f or re q uire d fiel ds f or w hic h s urr o gates c o ul d n ot be de vel o pe d was 

bet wee n 9 7 t o 9 9 %. 

4. 3. 3 Diesel E n gi nes 

Fift y o ne c o m pa nies o perate 8 3 1 diesel e n gi nes o n 3 8 0 platf or ms i n t he Bret o n Area. 

C o m plete ness f or re q uire d fiel ds f or w hic h s urr o gates c o ul d n ot be de vel o pe d was bet wee n 9 9 

a n d 1 0 0 %. 

4. 3. 4 Drilli n g Ri gs 

O ne h u n dre d a n d t hree drilli n g ri gs o perate o n 6 5 platf or ms f or 1 0 differe nt c o m pa nies. 

C o m plete ness f or re q uire d fiel ds f or w hic h s urr o gates c o ul d n ot be rea dil y de vel o pe d ra n ge d 

fr o m 8 2 t o 1 0 0 %. 

4. 3. 5 Fl ares 

Ni netee n c o m pa nies o perate 5 7 flares o n 4 8 plat f or ms. F or re q uire d fiel ds t hat s urr o gates 

c o ul d n ot be rea dil y de vel o pe d c o m plete ness ra n ge d fr o m 9 4 t o 1 0 0 %. 

F or occasi o nal flare o perati o ns, 1 1 c o m pa n ies re p orte d t hat t here were 2 4 flare 

occ urre nces o n 2 4 platf or ms. T he c o m plete ness f or re q uire d fiel ds was g o o d, ra n gi n g fr o m 9 9 t o 

1 0 0 %. 

4. 3. 6 N at ur al G as E n gi nes 

Fift y t hree c o m pa nies o perat e 5 7 8 nat ural gas e n gi nes o n 2 4 4 platf or ms. O ne h u n dre d 

perce nt of t he s u b mittals were pr o vi de d wit h c o m plete data f or all fiel ds. 

4. 3. 7 N at ur al G as T ur bi nes 

T here are 1 5 8 nat ural gas t ur bi nes o perati n g o n 6 7 platf or ms f or 2 1 c o m pa nies i n t he 

Bret o n Area. O ne h u n dre d perce nt of t he s u b mittals were c o m plete. 

4. 4 F U E L U S A G E S U M M A RI E S 

B oilers/ heaters/ b ur ners, diesel a n d nat ural gas reci pr ocati n g e n gi nes, a n d nat ural gas 

t ur bi nes are all ver y i m p orta nt e missi o n s o urces o n a platf or m. F u el usa ge data were re q ueste d 

at t he str uct ure le vel, as well as f or i n di vi d ual pieces of e q ui p me nt. T o verif y t hat e missi o ns are 

n ot o veresti mate d f or t he i n di vi d ual c o m b usti o n s o urces, m ulti ple data ele me nts were re vie we d 

a n d c orrecti o ns ma de base d o n di recti o n pr o vi de d b y M M S staff: 
4- 7

W here h o urs of o perati o n f or a gi ve n m o nt h were lar ger t ha n t he n u m ber of h o urs 

i n t he m o nt h, t he ma xi m u m p ossi ble h o urs re place d t he s u b mitte d h o urs. 

W here o perati n g h orse p o wer was lar ger t ha n ma xi m u m rate d h orse p o wer, t he 

ma xi m u m h orse p o wer val ue re place d t he re p orte d o perati n g h orse p o wer. 

T he re p orte d f uel usa ge f or i n di vi d ual e q ui p me nt was e val uate d t o i ns ure t hat f uel 

usa ge was n ot lar ger t ha n t he t he oretical ma xi m u m f uel usa ge. 

T he s u m of f uel use d f or eac h piece of e q ui p me nt l ocate d o n a platf or m was 

c o m pare d t o t he t otal f uel use d f or t he str uct ure. 

4. 4. 1 B oilers/ He aters/ B ur ners 

T he s u b mitte d b oiler/ heater/ b ur ner data were c hec ke d t o i ns ure t hat t he f oll o wi n g 

gase o us f uel usa ge c o n diti o ns were c o nsiste nt: 

Ma xi m u m F uel Usa ge Rate (scf / hr) Ma xi m u m Rate d Heat I n p ut ( 1 0 Bt u / hr) 

F uel Heati n g Val ue ( Bt u / scf)

A vera ge F uel Usa ge Rate (scf / hr) A vera ge Heat I n p ut ( 1 0 Bt u / hr) 

F uel Heati n g Val ue ( Bt u / scf)

T he b oiler/ heater/ b ur ner data were als o c hec ke d t o i ns ure t hat t he f oll o wi n g li q ui d f uel 

usa ge c o n diti o ns were c o nsiste nt: 

Ma xi m u m F uel Usa ge Rate (l b / hr) Ma xi m u m Rate d Heat I n p ut ( 1 0 Bt u / hr) 

F uel Heati n g Val ue ( Bt u / hr)

A vera ge F uel Usa ge Rate (l b / hr) A vera ge Heat I n p ut ( 1 0 Bt u / hr) 

F uel Heati n g Val ue ( B ut / l b)

A p pr o xi matel y 3 0 % of acti ve b oilers ha d at least o ne m o nt h w here t he calc ulate d a n d 

re p orte d ma xi m u m f uel usa ge differe d b y at least 1 5 %. Fift y-f o ur perce nt of acti ve b oilers ha d 

at least o ne m o nt h w here t he calculate d a n d re p orte d a vera ge f uel usa ge rate differe d b y at least 

1 5 %. W her e t he a vera ge f uel usa ge rate was gr eater t ha n t he ma xi m u m rate d f uel usa ge, t he 

ma xi m u m f uel usa ge rate re place d t he a vera ge f uel usa ge rate as n ote d i n t he f oll o wi n g fl o w 

dia gra m: 
4- 8

T otal f uel use at t he e q ui p me nt le vel was als o e val uate d t o i ns ure t hat t he t otal f uel use 

data were c o nsiste nt wit h f uel usa ge at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer a n d t he h o urs of o perati o n. W here 

t he t otal f uel use was greater t ha n t he calc ulate d f uel use at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer, t he ma xi m u m 

f uel use re place d t he t otal f uel use as ill ustrate d i n t he f oll o wi n g fl o w c hart: 

< Ma xi m u m Rate d F uel 

Usa ge 

A vera ge F uel Usa ge Rate

Use Re p orte d 

A vera ge F uel 

Usa ge Rate 

N o

Use Ma xi m u m 

Rate d F uel Usa ge 

i n Place of 

Re p orte d A vera ge 

F uel Usa ge Rate 

Yes 

< F uel Use at Ma xi m u m 

H orse p o wer x H o urs of 

O perati o n 

T otal F uel Use 

Use T otal F uel 

Use Data 

N o Use Calc ulate d F uel Use at 

Ma xi m u m H orse p o wer x 

H o urs of O perati o n f or 

Yes T otal F uel Use 
4- 9

4. 4. 2 Diesel E n gi nes 

T he s u b mitte d diesel e n gi ne data were i nitiall y c hec ke d t o i ns ure t hat t he ma xi m u m rate d 

a n d a vera ge f uel usa ge was reas o na ble. F or di esel e n gi nes wit h a ma xi m u m h orse p o wer rati n g 

e q ual t o or greater t ha n 3 0 0 h or se p o wer, if t he ma xi m u m rate d f uel usa ge rate or a vera ge f uel 

usa ge was less t ha n 6, 3 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr or greater t ha n 7, 7 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr, t he f uel usa ge was c ha n ge d 

t o 7, 0 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr. T his c orrecti o n nee de d t o be ma de f or 1 9 % of t he diesel e n gi ne rec or ds. 

T he f uel usa ge rate f or e n gi nes wit h ma xi m u m h orse p o wer less t ha n 3 0 0 h orse p o wer ca n 

le giti matel y be greater t ha n 7, 7 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr or less t ha n 6, 3 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr, t heref ore t he f uel usa ge 

val ues f or t hese e n gi nes were n ot c orrecte d. 

W here t he ma xi m u m rate d or a vera ge f uel us a ge was c ha n ge d, t he f uel use d at ma xi m u m 

h orse p o wer a n d t otal f uel use d were als o c ha n ge d as n ote d i n t he e q uati o ns bel o w: 

F uel Use d at Ma xi m u m H orse p o wer ( gal) ( Ma x H orse p o wer) ( 7, 0 0 0 Bt u / h p - hr) ( Hrs of O perati o n)

( F uel Heati n g Val ue ( Bt u / l b)) ( 7. 1 l bs / gal)

T otal F uel Use d ( gal) = ( O perati n g H orse p o wer) ( 7, 0 0 0 Bt u / h p - hr) ( Hrs of O perati o n)

( F uel Heati n g Val ue ( Bt u / l b)) ( 7. 1 l bs / gal) 

All diesel e n gi ne data were c hec ke d t o e ns ure t hat t otal f uel use d at t he e q ui p me nt le vel 

was c o nsiste nt wit h f uel use d at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer. F or 4 % of diesel e n gi nes, t he t otal f uel 

use d was greater t ha n f uel use d at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer. F or t hese cases t he data were a dj uste d 

base d o n t he a p pr oac h n ote d a b o ve f or b oilers, heaters, a n d b ur ners. 

4. 4. 3 N at ur al G as Reci pr oc ati n g E n gi nes 

T he s u b mitte d nat ural gas e n gi ne data were i nitiall y c hec ke d t o i ns ure t hat t he ma xi m u m 

rate d a n d a vera ge f uel usa ge were reas o na ble. F or nat ural gas e n gi nes t hat ha d a rati n g e q ual t o 

or greater t ha n 2 5 0 h orse p o wer, if t he ma xi m u m r ate d or a vera ge f uel usa ge was less t ha n 

6, 3 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr or greater t ha n 7, 7 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr , t he n t he f uel usa ge was c ha n ge d t o 

7, 0 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr. T his c orrecti o n was ma de t o 1 9 % of t he ma xi m u m rate d f uel usa ge a n d 1 7 % of 

t he a vera ge f uel usa ge rec or ds. T he f uel usa ge rate f or e n gi nes wit h a ma xi m u m h orse p o wer less 

t ha n 2 5 0 h orse p o wer ca n le giti matel y be greater t ha n 7, 7 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr or less t ha n 6, 3 0 0 Bt u/ h phr, t heref ore t he f uel usa ge f or t hese e n gi nes were n ot c orrecte d. 

W here t he f uel usa ge was c ha n ge d, f uel use d at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer a n d t otal f uel use d 

at t he e q ui p me nt le vel were c orrecte d as n ote d i n t he e q uati o ns bel o w: 

F uel Use d at Ma xi m u m H orse p o wer ( Mscf) ( Ma x H orse p o wer) ( 7, 0 0 0 Bt u / h p - hr) ( Hrs of O perati o n)

( F uel Heati n g Val ue) ( Bt u / scf)) ( 1, 0 0 0 scf / Mscf)
4- 1 0

T otal F uel Use d ( Mscf) = ( O perati n g H orse p o wer) ( 7, 0 0 0 Bt u / h p - hr) ( Hrs of O perati o n)

( F uel Heati n g Val ue ( Bt u / scf)) ( 1, 0 0 0 scf / Mscf) 

All nat ural gas e n gi ne data were c hec ke d t o i ns ure t hat t he t otal f uel use d at t he 

e q ui p me nt le vel was c o nsiste nt wit h t he f uel us e d at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer. F or 1 1 % of nat ural 

gas e n gi ne rec or ds, t he t otal f uel use d was great er t ha n f uel use d at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer. F or 

t hese cases t he data were a dj uste d base d o n t he a p pr oac h n ote d a b o ve f or b oilers, heaters, a n d 

b ur ners. 

4. 4. 4 N at ur al G as T ur bi nes 

T he s u b mitte d nat ural gas t ur bi ne data were i nitiall y c hec ke d t o i ns ure t hat t he f uel usa ge 

was reas o na ble. F or acti ve nat ural gas t ur bi nes, if t he ma xi m u m rate d or a vera ge f uel usa ge was 

less t ha n 9, 0 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr or greater t ha n 1 1, 0 0 0 Btu/ h p- hr, t he n t he f uel usa ge was c ha n ge d t o 

1 0, 0 0 0 Bt u/ h p- hr. T his c orrecti o n nee de d t o be ma de f or 3 0 % of ma xi m u m rate d f uel usa ge 

rec or ds a n d 3 7 % of a vera ge f uel usa ge rec or ds. 

W here t he f uel usa ge was c orrecte d t he f uel use d at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer a n d t otal f uel 

use d at t he e q ui p me nt le vel was calc ulat e d as n ote d i n t he e q uati o ns bel o w: 

F uel Use d at Ma xi m u m H orse p o wer ( Mscf) ( Ma x H orse p o wer) 1 0, 0 0 0 Bt u / h p - hr) ( Hrs of O perati o n)

( F uel Heati n g Val ue ( Bt u / scf)) ( 1, 0 0 0 scf / Mscf) 

× ×

T otal F uel Use d ( Mscf) ( O perati n g H orse p o wer) 1 0, 0 0 0 Bt u / h p - hr) ( Hrs of O perati o n)

( F uel Heati n g Val ue ( Bt u / scf)) ( 1, 0 0 0 scf / Mscf) 

× ×

All acti ve nat ural gas t ur bi ne data were c hec ke d t o e ns ure t hat t he t otal f uel use was 

c o nsiste nt wit h t he f uel use at ma xi m u m h orse p o wer . F or 4 % of nat ural gas t ur bi ne rec or ds, t he 

t otal f uel use was greater t ha n f uel use d at maxi m u m h orse p o wer. F or t hese cases t he data were 

a dj uste d base d o n t he a p pr oac h n ote d a b o ve f or b oilers, heaters, a n d b ur ners. 

4. 4. 5 E q ui p me nt S u m F uel Us a ge Gre ater t h a n Pl atf or m T ot al F uel Us a ge 

After t he e q ui p me nt f uel usa ge data were c orrecte d, 1 0 3 platf or m s ur ve ys (a p pr o xi matel y 

1 9 % of t he s u b mitte d data) were i de ntifie d w here t he s u m of t he diesel f uel usa ge f or t he 

i n di vi d ual diesel e q ui p me nt ass ociate d wit h t he platf or m was greater t ha n t he re p orte d platf or m 

t otal diesel f uel usa ge. T he platf or m t otal f uel usa ge was c orrecte d i n t hes e cases t o be e q ual t o 

t he t otal f uel usa ge of t he i n di vi d ual e q ui p me nt. 

F or 6 8 platf or m s ur ve ys (a p pr o xi matel y 1 3 % of t he s u b mitte d data), t he s u m of t he 

nat ural gas f uel usa ge f or i n di vi d ual e q ui p me nt o perati n g o n t he platf or m was greater t ha n t he 
4- 1 1

platf or m t otal nat ural gas f uel usa ge. T he platf o r m t otal f uel usa ge was c orrecte d i n t hese cases 

t o be e q ual t o t he t otal f uel usa ge of t he i n di vi d ual e q ui p me nt. 

4. 5 O T H E R Q U A LI T Y C H E C K S T H A T W E R E P E R F O R M E D O N T H E 

S U B MI T T E D B O A D S D A T A 

4. 5. 1 Acti ve/I n acti ve C hec k 

O perat ors ha d t he o p p ort u nit y t o i de ntif y a platf o r m as bei n g eit her acti ve or i nacti ve f or 

eac h of t he m o nt hl y s ur ve ys. I nacti ve data are n ot c o nsi dere d f or e missi o ns calc ulati o ns, s o t his 

ste p is e xtre mel y i m p orta nt. F or e q ui p me nt s ur ve ys t hat re q uest h o urs of o perati o n, platf or m 

s ur ve ys were la bele d as acti ve if a n y of t he eq ui p me nt o perati n g h o urs were greater t ha n zer o. 

C o n versel y, a platf or m s ur ve y was la bele d as i nacti ve if all of t he e q ui p me nt o perati n g h o urs 

were zer o. 

T he flare occ urre nce ta bles were re vie we d t o verif y t he acti vit y stat us of eac h s ur ve y, 

alt h o u g h h o urs of o perati o n are re q u este d i n t he flare e q ui p me nt ta bles. A platf or m s ur ve y was 

c o nsi dere d acti ve a n d e missi o ns were calc ulate d if t he flare h o urs of o perati o n were zer o, b ut 

t here was a n u pset rec or d i n t he flare occ urre nce ta ble. T his sce nari o is p ossi ble beca use t he 

o perat ors were as ke d t o re p ort o perati n g h o urs, e xcl u di n g pr ocess u psets, b ut t o re p ort t he 

n u m ber of u psets t hat occ urre d d uri n g eac h s ur ve y m o nt h. 

4. 5. 2 M o nt hl y T ot al H o urs C hec k 

F or eac h m o nt h, o perati n g h o urs were t o be pr o v i de d f or m ost t y pes of e q ui p me nt. A 

t y pical err or w o ul d be t o e xcee d t he ma xi m u m ho urs p ossi ble f or eac h m o nt h. Alter natel y, h o urs 

of o perati o n ma y n ot ha ve bee n p o p ulate d. F or b ot h of t hese err ors, data were c orrecte d i n t he 

sa me ma n ner b y p o p ulati n g wit h t he ma xi m u m n u m ber of h o urs p ossi ble. T he ma xi m u m 

n u m ber of h o urs f or m o nt hs wit h 3 1 da ys (J a n uar y, Marc h, Ma y, J ul y, A u g ust, Oct o ber, a n d 

Dece m ber) is 7 4 4; f or m o nt hs wit h 3 0 da ys ( A pril, J u ne, Se pte m ber, a n d N o ve m ber), t he 

ma xi m u m n u m ber of h o urs is 7 2 0. I n year 2 0 0 1, t he ma xi m u m a m o u nt of h o urs f or Fe br uar y 

( 2 8 da ys) is 6 7 2. 
5- 1 

5. D E V E L O P M E N T O F T H E P L A T F O R M E MI S SI O N S I N V E N T O R Y 

5. 1 I N T R O D U C TI O N 

T he g oal of t he c urre nt st u d y is t o de vel o p a N O a n d S O e missi o n i n ve nt or y f or all oil 

a n d gas pr o d ucti o n-relate d s o urces wit hi n 1 0 0 k m of t he B N W A. T o ac hie ve t his g oal, E R G 

re vise d t he draft Bret o n Oracle D BM S ( C oe et al. 2 0 0 3) t o create t he u p date d Bret o n D B M S. 

T he Bret o n D B M S i m p orts t he acti v it y data descri be d i n Secti o ns 3 a n d 4 of t his re p ort, t he n 

a p plies e missi o n fact ors t o calc ulate e missi o ns fr o m platf or m s o urces. T he fi nal Bret o n Oracle 

D B M S c o ntai ns platf or m acti vit y data a n d ot her data nee de d t o calc ulate e missi o ns. Fi g ure 5- 1 

ill ustrates t he fl o w of i nf or mati o n i nt o a n d o ut of t he Oracle data base. 

5. 2 E X P A N SI O N O F T H E D R A F T B R E T O N S T U D Y O R A C L E D B M S 

T he draft Bret o n D B M S ( C oe et al. 2 0 0 3) was e n ha nce d, creati n g t he fi nal Bret o n 

D B M S, b y c o m pleti n g t he f oll o wi n g ste ps: 

E xa mi ni n g eac h calc ulati o n r o uti ne a n d c orrecti n g mat he matical a n d 

t y p o gra p hical err ors; 

U p dati n g e missi o n fact ors wit h t he latest i nf or mati o n i n A P- 4 2 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2); 

Sta n dar dizi n g t he calc ulati o ns t o be c o nsiste nt wit h t he u nits of meas ure i n A P- 4 2 

( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2) ; a n d 

C o m pari n g calc ulati o n met h o ds t o c urre nt E missi o n I n ve nt or y I m pr o ve me nt 

Pr o gra m ( EII P) met h o ds a n d u p dati n g w her e calc ulati o ns di d n ot a gree wit h 

c urre nt met h o ds ( EII P 1 9 9 9). 

I n a d diti o n, M M S pr o vi de d s urr o gates f or val ues s uc h as f uel s ulf ur c o nte nt, f uel heati n g 

val ue, f uel de nsit y, a n d c o ntr ol efficie nc y. T hese s urr o gate val ues, s h o w n bel o w, are base d o n 

i n d ustr y a vera ges a n d/ or M M S rec o m me n de d val ues. F or e xa m ple, t he diesel f uel s ulf ur c o nte nt 

is c o nsiste nt wit h M M S' “ S prea ds heet f or E x pl orati o n Pla ns” 

( htt p:// w w w. g o mr. m ms. g o v/ h o me p g/reg ulate/e n vir o n/re q uire me nt/ ht ml ). 
Or acle ® Syste m

As p ati al 

D at a b ase

Or acle

D at a b ase 

M a n a ge me nt 

Pr o gr a m 

Vis u al B asic ® 

Acti vit y 

D at a b ase

Acti vit y, 

M o deli n g I n p uts, 

E missi o ns 

Acti vit y Data 

A S CII Re p orts 

( n o n-s patial) 

Re p orts

Q A/ Q C 

Acti vit y 

D at a b ase 

Fi g ure 5- 1. Oracle Data ba se I nf or mati o n Fl o w. 
5- 3

Nat ural gas h y dr o ge n s ulfi de ( H S) c o nte nt = 3. 3 8 p p m v 

Diesel f uel s ulf ur c o nte nt = 0. 4 wt %

Nat ural gas heati n g val ue = 1 0 5 0 Bt u/scf 

Diesel f uel heati n g val ue = 1 9, 3 0 0 Bt u/l b 

Diesel f uel de nsit y = 7. 1 l b/ gal 

Gas oli ne f uel de nsit y = 6. 1 7 l b/ gal 

Flare efficie nc y f or H S = 9 5 % 

5. 3 E MI S SI O N E S TI M A TI O N P R O C E D U R E S 

F or t he m ost part, t he e missi o n esti mati n g pr o ce d ures prese nte d i n t h is secti o n b uil d u p o n 

t he a p pr oac hes de vel o pe d f or t he draft Bret o n D BM S ( C oe et al. 2 0 0 3). T he f oll o wi n g secti o ns 

prese nt a s u m mar y of t he me t h o ds use d t o calc ulate N O a n d S O e missi o ns fr o m platf or m 

s o urces i ncl u de i n t his st u d y. 

5. 3. 1 A mi ne U nits 

S o me platf or ms pr o d uce nat ural gas c o ntai ni n g u nacce pta ble a m o u nts of h y dr o ge n 

s ulfi de. W hile m ost platf or m o perat ors pi pe t he s o ur gas o ns h ore f or s ulf ur re m o val, a fe w 

re m o ve t he s ulf ur o n t he platf or m usi n g t he a mi ne pr ocess. Vari o us a mi ne s ol uti o ns s uc h as 

diet ha n ola mi ne ( D E A), m o n oet ha n ola mi n e ( M E A), met h yl diet ha n ola mi ne ( M D E A), 

di gl yc ola mi ne ( D G A) a n d tertiar yet ha n ola mi ne ( T E A) are use d t o a bs or b H S. After t he H S 

has bee n se parate d o ut, it is ve nte d, flare d, i nci ne rate d, or use d f or fee dstoc k i n ele me ntal s ulf ur 

pr o d ucti o n ( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5). 

De vices t hat are i n te n de d t o c o ntr ol H S e missi o ns, s uc h as s ulf ur rec o ver y u nits or 

flares, will pr o d uce e missi o ns of S O as a b y- pr o d uct. O ne t hir d of t he H S is b ur ne d t o f or m 

S O a n d water ( EII P 1 9 9 9). If a s ulf ur rec o ver y u nit is prese nt, S O e missi o ns are calc ulate d as 

f oll o ws. 

××××= −× 1 0 0

% R E

 S m oll b 3

S O m oll b 1

scf 3 7 9. 4

m oll b M1 0Q 1 0 0 S O

H 2 S

S O

w here: 

 S O = C o ntr olle d S Oe missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

 H S = C o nce ntrati o n of H S i n t he nat ural gas, meas ure d at t he i nlet t o t he a mi ne 

u nit ( perce nt b y v ol u me) 

Q = V ol u me of nat ural gas pr ocesse d ( M Mscf/ m o nt h) 

 S O = M olec ular wei g ht of S O ( 6 4 l b/l b· m ol) 

% R E = Rec o ver y efficie nc y of t he s ulf ur rec o ver y u nit 
5- 4

If a flare is prese nt (i nstea d of a s ulf ur rec o ver y u nit), S O e missi o ns are calc ulate d as: 

1 0 0

Eff

3 7 9. 4 sc

m oll b M1 0Q 1 0 0

S O

S O

H 2 S

S O ××××=

w here: 

 S O = C o ntr olle d S Oe missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

 H S = C o nce ntrati o n of H S i n t he nat ural gas, meas ure d at t he i nlet t o t he a mi ne 

u nit ( perce nt b y v ol u me) 

Q = V ol u me of nat ural gas pr ocesse d ( M Mscf)/ m o nt h 

 S O = M olec ular wei g ht of S O ( 6 4 l b/l b· m ol) 

% R E = Rec o ver y efficie nc y of t he s ulf ur rec o ver y u nit 

Eff S O2 Flare efficie nc y ( %)

5. 3. 2 B oilers/ He aters/ B ur ners 

B oilers, heaters, a n d b ur ners pr o vi de pr ocess heat a n d stea m f or ma n y pr ocesses s uc h as 

electric ge nerati o n, gl yc ol de h y drat or re b oilers, a n d a mi n e re b oiler u nits ( EII P 1 9 9 9). 

T o calc ulate u nc o ntr olle d e missi o ns f or li q ui d-f u ele d e n gi nes ( waste oil or diesel) base d 

o n f uel use, E f u,li q: 

E FE l b/ gal 7. 1U1 0 li q

- 3

gal) (l b/ 1 0 li q f u, ÷××

T o calc ulate u nc o ntr olle d e missi o ns f or gas-f uele d e n gi nes ( nat ural gas, pr ocess gas, or 

waste gas) base d o n f uel use, E f u, gas: 

gasf u, (l bs/ M Mscf gas ×× U 1 0 E FE

w here: 

E = E missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

E F = E missi o n fact or ( u nits are s h o w n i n pare nt heses) 

li q = F uel usa ge (l b/ m o nt h) 

gas = F uel usa ge ( Mscf/ m o nt h) 

Ta ble 5- 1 prese nts t he e missi o n fact ors use d t o esti mate e missi o ns. T hese fact ors c o me 

fr o m A P- 4 2 , Secti o ns 1. 3 a n d 1. 4 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). All b oilers are ass u me d t o be wall-fire d 

b oilers ( n o ta n ge ntial-fire d b oilers ). E missi o n fact ors f or N o. 6 resid ual oil were use d t o esti mate 

e missi o ns fr o m waste- oil-f uele d u nits. 
5- 5

Ta ble 5- 1. E missi o n Fact ors f or B oilers/ Heaters/ B ur ners. 

E missi o n Fact or 

P oll uta nt U nc o ntr olle d L o w N O

B ur ner 

Fl u Gas 

Recirc ulati o n 

Diesel W here Ma x Rate d Heat I n p ut 1 0 0 M M Bt u/ hr (l b/ 1 0 gal) 

S O 1 5 7 S 1 5 7 S 1 5 7 S 

N O 2 4 1 0 1 0 

Diesel w here Ma x Rate d Heat I n p ut < 1 0 0 M M Bt u/ hr (l b/ 1 0 gal) 

S O 1 4 2 S 1 4 2 S 1 4 2 S 

N O x 2 0 2 0 2 0 

Waste Oil w here Ma x Rate d Heat I n p ut 1 0 0 M M Bt u/ hr (l b/ 1 0 gal) 

S O 1 5 7 S 1 5 7 S 1 5 7 S 

N O 4 7 4 0 4 0 

Waste Oil w here Ma x Rate d Heat I n p ut < 1 0 0 M M Bt u/ hr (l b/ 1 0 gal) 

S O 1 5 7 S 1 5 7 S 1 5 7 S 

N O 5 5 5 5 5 5 

Nat ural Gas or Pr ocess Gas, 

W here Ma x Rate d Heat I n p ut 1 0 0 M M Bt u/ hr (l b/ M Mscf) 

S O 0. 6 0. 6 0. 6 

N O 2 8 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 

Nat ural Gas or Pr ocess Gas, 

W here Ma x Rate d Heat I n p ut < 1 0 0 M M Bt u/ hr (l b/ M Mscf) 

S O 0. 6 0. 6 0. 6 

N O 1 0 0 5 0 3 2 

S = F uel oil s ulf ur c o nte nt ( wei g ht %) 

* N O e missi o n re d ucti o ns f or s mall b oilers are t y picall y less si g nifica nt t ha n f or lar ge b oilers 

 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2) 

5. 3. 3 Diesel a n d G as oli ne E n gi nes 

Diesel a n d gas oli ne e n gi nes are use d t o r u n ge nerat ors, p u m ps, c o m press ors, a n d welldrilli n g e q ui p me nt. M ost of t he p oll uta nts e m itte d fr o m t hese e n gi nes are fr o m t he e x ha ust 

( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). 

If a n o perat or-e ntere d val ue f or t otal f uel use d is a vaila ble, or if it ca n be esti mate d fr o m 

t he defa ult val ues, t he n e missi o ns are esti mate d base d u p o n f uel use. Ot her wise, if o perati n g H P 

a n d h o urs o perate d are b ot h a vaila ble, t he n e m issi o ns are esti mate d base d u p o n p o wer o ut p ut. 

T o calc ulate u nc o ntr olle d e missi o ns base d o n f uel use: 

gal

l b 7. 1 E FE U1 0 6-

f u (l b/ M M Bt u) ××××
5- 6

T o calc ulate u nc o ntr olle d e mi ssi o ns base d o n p o wer o ut p ut: 

4 5 3. 6 g

l b E FE tH P p o hr)-( g/ h p ×××=

w here: 

E = E missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

E F = E missi o n fact or ( u nits are s h o w n i n pare nt heses) 

U = F uel usa ge ( gall o ns/ m o nt h) 

H = F uel heati n g val ue ( Bt u/l b) 

H P = E n gi ne h orse p o wer ( h p) 

t = E n gi ne o perati n g ti me ( hr/ m o nt h) 

T he f oll o wi n g e missi o n fact ors are use d t o es ti mate e missi o ns. T hese fact ors c o me fr o m 

A P- 4 2 , Secti o ns 3. 3 a n d 3. 4 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). 

Ta ble 5- 2. E missi o n Fact ors f o r Gas oli ne a n d Diesel E n gi nes. 

P oll uta nt 

E F 

(l b/ M M Bt u) 

E F 

( g/ h p- hr) 

Gas oli ne E n gi nes 

S O 0. 0 8 4 0. 2 6 8 

N O 1. 6 3 4. 9 9 

Diesel E n gi nes W here Ma x H P < 6 0 0 

S O 1. 0 1 S 3. 6 7 S 

N O 4. 4 1 1 4. 1 

Diesel E n gi nes W here Ma x H P > 6 0 0 

S O 1. 0 1 S 3. 6 7 S 

N O 3. 2 1 0. 9 

S = F uel oil s ulf ur c o nte nt ( wei g ht %) 

5. 3. 4 Drilli n g Ri gs 

Drilli n g acti vities ass ociate d w it h a n e xisti n g facilit y or fro m a jac k- u p ri g a djace nt t o a 

platf or m are i ncl u de d beca use of t heir e missi o n s ass ociate d wit h c o m b usti o n e n gi nes. T otal 

e missi o ns e q ual t he s u m of e missi o ns d ue t o ga s oli ne, diesel, a n d nat ural gas f uel usa ge. 

T o calc ulate u nc o ntr olle d e missi o ns fr o m gas oli ne f uel use: 

l b

Bt u 2 0, 3 0 0 E FE F dU1 0 6-

gas (l b/ M M Bt u) ××××

F or diesel f uel use, calc ulate u nc o ntr olle d e missi o ns as f oll o ws: 
5- 7

l b

Bt u 1 9, 3 0 0 E FE F dU1 0 6-

die (l b/ M M M Bt u ××××

F or nat ural gas f uel use, calc ulate u nc o ntr olle d e missi o ns as f oll o ws: 

E FE U1 0 n g (l b/ M Mscf) ××

w here: 

E = E missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

E F = E missi o n fact or ( u nits are s h o w n i n pare nt heses) 

F d = F uel de nsit y (l bs/ gal) 

U = F uel usa ge ( gall o ns f or gas oli ne a n d diesel; Mscf f or nat ural gas) 

T he f oll o wi n g e missi o n fact ors are use d t o esti mate e missi o ns. T hese fact ors c o me fr o m 

A P- 4 2 , Secti o ns 3. 2, 3. 3 a n d 3. 4 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). Diesel e n gi nes are ass u me d t o be 6 0 0 h p. 

Nat ural gas e n gi nes are ass u me d t o be 4-c ycle, a n d e ve nl y distri b ute d bet wee n lea n a n d ric h 

b ur ns ( b y a vera gi n g t he e missi o n fact ors). 

Ta ble 5- 3. E missi o n Fact ors f or E n gi nes Use d i n Drilli n g Ri gs. 

P oll uta nt E missi o n Fact or 

Gas oli ne (l b/ M M Bt u) 

S O 0. 0 8 4 

N O 1. 6 3 

Diesel (l b/ M M Bt u) 

S O 1. 0 1 S 

N O 3. 2 

Nat ural Gas (l b/ M Mscf) 

S O 0. 6 

N O 2 4 6 7. 5 

S = F uel oil s ulf ur c o nte nt ( wei g ht %) 

5. 3. 5 Fl ares 

A flare is a b ur ni n g stac k use d t o i nci nerate p oll uta nts. S O a n d N O e missi o ns occ ur 

t hr o u g h c o m b usti o n of fee d st oc k or t he f uel use d t o mai ntai n t he flare. Flares ca n be use d t o 

c o ntr ol e missi o ns fr o m st ora ge ta n ks, l oa di n g o perati o ns, gl yc ol de h y drati o n u nits, ve nt 

c ollecti o n s yste ms, a n d a mi ne u nits. Flares us uall y o perate c o nti n u o usl y; h o we ver s o me are 

use d o nl y f or pr ocess u psets ( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5). 

Flare e missi o ns f or N O are esti mate d acc or di n g t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 
5- 8

E FHVE 1 0 0 0 flare t ot flare ÷××=

w here: 

flare = E missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

t ot = T otal v ol u me of gas flare d ( Mscf) = v ol flare d + ( u pset flare fee d 

 rate h o urs o perate d) 

H = Flare gas heati n g val ue ( Bt u/scf) 

E F flare = E missi o n fact or f or flares ( 0. 0 6 8 l b of N Ox / M M Bt u) 

S O e missi o ns are esti mate d usi n g t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

×× ××+××× 1i

SH ii iS,H

S O

flare C tFC V'1 0 0 0 p p m m olscf/l b 3 7 9. 4

1 0

1 0 0 %

%Eff

w here: 

flare = E missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

Eff % = C o m b usti o n efficie nc y of t he flare ( perce nt) 

S O = M olec ular wei g ht of S O ( 6 4 l b/l b· m ol) 

V' = N o n- u pset v ol u me of gas flare d ( Mscf) 

 = N o n- u pset c o nce ntrati o n of H S i n t he flare gas ( p p m) 

 = U pset flare fee d rate f or occ urre nce i ( Mscf/ hr) 

 = D urati o n of occ urre nce i ( hr) 

S,i = H S c o nce ntrati o n f or u pset occ urre nce i ( p p m) 

If t he o perat or i n dicates t here is a c o nti n u o us flare pil ot, pil ot li g ht e missi o ns are 

esti mate d as f oll o ws: 

E FDPE 1 0 0 0 pil ot pil ot ××=

w here: 

Pil ot = Pil ot e missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

P = Flare fee d rate ( Mscf/ da y) 

D = N u m ber of da ys per m o nt h 

E F pil ot = E missi o n fact or f or pil ot ( 1 0 0 l bs of N O / M Mscf) 

T he e missi o n fact ors n ote d a b o ve c o me fr o m A P- 4 2 , Secti o n 1 3. 5 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). T he 

f oll o wi n g defa ult val ue is assi g ne d or estimate d if t he c orres p o n di n g fiel ds are n ull: 

Pil ot F uel Fee d Rate = 2. 2 8 Mscf per da y 
5- 9

5. 3. 6 N at ur al G as E n gi nes 

Li ke diesel a n d gas oli ne e n gi ne s, nat ural gas e n gi nes are use d t o r u n ge nerat ors, p u m ps, 

c o m press ors, a n d well- drilli n g e q ui p me nt. M ost of t he p oll uta nts e mitte d fr o m t hese e n gi nes are 

fr o m t he e x ha ust ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). 

If a n o perat or s u b mitte d t otal f uel usa ge data or if f uel usa ge ca n be esti mate d fr o m 

s urr o gate val ues, t he n e missi o ns are calc ulate d ba se d u p o n f uel usa ge. Ot her wise, e q ui p me nt H P 

a n d h o urs o perate d are use d t o es ti mate e missi o ns u p o n p o wer o ut p ut.

E missi o ns are calc ulate d base d o n f uel usa ge i n t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

f u (l b/ M M Bt u) E FE ××× 1 0UH

E missi o ns are calc ulate d base d o n p o wer o ut p ut usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

4 5 3. 6 g

l b E FE tH P p o hr)-( g/ h p ×××=

w here: 

E = E missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

E F = E missi o n fact or ( u nits are s h o w n i n pare nt heses) 

H = Gas heat val ue ( Bt u/scf) 

U = F uel usa ge ( Mscf/ m o nt h) 

H P = E n gi ne h orse p o wer ( h p) 

t = E n gi ne o perati n g ti me ( hr/ m o nt h) 

Ta ble 5- 4 prese nts t he e missi o n fact ors use d t o esti mate nat ural gas e n gi ne e missi o ns. 

T hese fact ors c o me fr o m A P- 4 2 , Secti o n 3. 2 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). 
5- 1 0

Ta ble 5- 4. E missi o n Fact ors f or Nat ural Gas - P o were d E n gi nes. 

. 

P oll uta nt 

E F f u

l b/ M M Bt u 

E F p o

g/ h p- hr 

2-c ycle Lea n B ur n 

S O 5. 8 8 1 0- 4 2. 0 0 1 0- 3

N O x 

( < 9 0 % l oa d) 

1. 9 4 6. 6 

 4-c ycle Lea n B ur n 

S O 5. 8 8 1 0- 4 2. 0 0 1 0- 3

N O x 

( < 9 0 % l oa d) 

0. 8 5 2. 8 9 

4-c ycle Ric h B ur n 

S O 5. 8 8 1 0- 4 2. 0 0 1 0- 3 

N O x 

( < 9 0 % l oa d) 

2. 2 7 7. 7 2 

Clea n B ur n 

S O 5. 8 8 1 0- 4 2. 0 0 1 0- 3

N O x 0. 5 9 2. 0 0 

 * Ass u mes s ulf ur c o nte nt of nat ural gas is 2, 0 0 0 gr/ 1 0 scf ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2) 

5. 3. 7 N at ur al G as T ur bi nes 

A gas t ur bi ne is a n i nter nal c o m b usti o n e n gi ne t hat o perates wit h r otar y rat her t ha n 

reci pr ocati n g m oti o n. T ur bi nes are pri maril y use d t o p o wer c o m press ors rat her t ha n ge nerate 

electricit y ( B o yer a n d Br o d na x 1 9 9 6). A t ur bi ne’ s o perati n g l oa d has a co nsi dera ble effect o n 

t he res ulti n g e missi o n le vels. Wit h re d uce d l oa ds, t here are l o wer t her mal efficie ncies a n d m ore 

i nc o m plete c o m b usti o n ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). 

If a n o perat or s u b mitte d t otal f uel usa ge data or if f uel usa ge ca n be esti mate d fr o m 

a vaila ble s urr o gate data, t he n e missi o ns were es ti mate d base d u p o n f uel use. Ot her wise, H P a n d 

h o urs o perate d are use d t o esti mate e missi o ns base d u p o n p o wer o ut p ut. 

T o calc ulate e missi o ns base d o n f uel use: 

E FE UH1 0 f u (l b/ M M Bt u) ×××

T o calc ulate e missi o ns base d o n p o wer o ut p ut: 

E FE tH PF U 1 0 p o (l b/ M M Bt u) ××××
5- 1 1

w here: 

E = E missi o ns ( p o u n ds per m o nt h) 

E F = E missi o n fact or ( u nits are s h o w n i n pare nt heses) 

H = F uel heati n g val ue ( Bt u/scf) 

U = F uel usa ge ( Mscf/ m o nt h) 

H P = T ur bi ne h orse p o wer ( h p) 

t = T ur bi ne o perati n g ti me ( hr/ m o nt h) 

F U = A vera ge f uel usa ge ( Bt u/ h p- hr) 

T he f oll o wi n g e missi o n fact ors are use d t o esti mate e missi o ns. T hese fact ors c o me fr o m 

A P- 4 2 Secti o n 3. 1 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). 

Ta ble 5- 5. E missi o n Fact ors f or Nat ural Gas T ur bi nes. 

P oll uta nt 

E F 

(l b/ M M Bt u) 

S O 0. 9 4 S 

N O 0. 3 2 

S = C H 2 S 1. 7 8 1 0- 4, % S, w here CH 2 S = p p m v H S i n f uel. 

If n ot a vaila ble, E F is 3. 4 1 0- 3 l b/ M M Bt u 
6- 1

6. D E V E L O P M E N T O F T H E N O N- P L A T F O R M E MI S SI O N S I N V E N T O R Y 

E missi o n esti mates were de vel o pe d f or N O a n d S O f or n o n- platf or m s o urces o perati n g 

wit hi n 1 0 0 kil o meters of t h e B N W A f or t he i n ve nt or y pe ri o d fr o m Se pte m ber 2 0 0 0- A u g ust 

2 0 0 1. T he n o n- platf or m s o urces i ncl u de d i n t his st u d y are n ote d bel o w. 

O C S oil a n d gas pr o d ucti o n s o urces: 

Drilli n g vessels; 

Pi pela yi n g o perati o ns; 

Platf or m c o nstr ucti o n a n d re m o val; 

S u p p ort helic o pters; 

S u p p ort vessels; a n d 

S ur ve y vessels. 

N o n- O C S oil a n d gas pr o d ucti o n s o urces: 

C o m mercial fis hi n g; 

C o m mercial mari ne vessels; a n d 

Militar y vessel o perati o ns. 

E R G de vel o pe d t he B N W A n o n- platf or m e mi ssi o n esti mates base d o n w or k perf or me d 

f or M M S’ G ulf wi de E missi o n I nve nt ory f or t he Re gi o n al H aze a n d Oz o ne M o deli n g Eff ort St u d y 

(t he G ulf wi de St u d y) ( Wils o n et al. 2 0 0 4). T hese t wo i n ve nt ories are si g nifica ntl y differe nt wit h 

re gar d t o s patial a n d tem p oral iss ues, as well as t he p oll uta nt s bei n g c o nsi dere d. As n ote d a b o ve, 

t his st u d y is o nl y c o ncer ne d wit h e missi o n s o urces l ocate d i n Fe deral waters 1 0 0 k m ar o u n d t he 

B N W A, w hile t he G ulf wi de St u d y i ncl u des e missi o n s o urces l ocate d i n all of t he Fe deral waters 

i n t he Ce ntral a n d Wester n G ulf of Me xic o. T hus, s o me s o urces, s uc h as t he L o uisia na Offs h or e 

Oil Platf or m ( L O O P), are n ot i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y, beca use t he platf or m a n d t he ass ociate d 

s hi p pi n g la ne a p pr oac h are l ocate d be y o n d t he geo gra p hic area of i nterest. Si milarl y, t he 

li g hteri n g z o nes i ncl u de d i n t he G ulf wi de St u d y are n ot c o nsi dere d i n t his st u d y, as t he y t o o are 

l ocate d o utsi de of t he area of i nterest. E missi o ns fr o m bi o ge nic/ geo ge nic s o urces were 

calc ulate d i n t he G ulf wi de St u d y f or V O Cs a n d nitr o us o xi de ( N O). Beca use V O C a n d N O 

e missi o ns are n ot i ncl u de d i n t he B N W A i n ve nt or y, bi o ge nic a n d ge o ge nic s o urces are n ot 

i ncl u de d. 

Te m p orall y, t he t w o i n ve nt ories differ i n t hat t he G ulf wi de I n ve ntor y was de vel o pe d f or 

base year 2 0 0 0 (Ja n uar y t o Dece m ber), w hile t he B N W A i n ve nt or y peri o d c o vers Se pte m ber 

2 0 0 0 t o A u g ust 2 0 0 1. T h us, o nl y f o ur m o nt hs of G u lf wi de data c o ul d be matc he d t o t he B N W A 

I n ve nt or y’s peri o d of i nterest, an d ne w esti mates nee de d t o be de vel o pe d t o re prese nt t he peri o d 

fr o m Ja n uar y t o A u g ust 2 0 0 1. 

Wit h t he e xce pti o n of s u p p ort helic o pters, t he n o n- platf or m e missi o n s o urces i n t his 

i n ve nt or y are vessels or e q ui p me nt t hat o perate usi n g mari ne diesel e n gi nes. T he E P A has 

de vel o pe d a ne w e missi o n fact or e q uati o n i n s u p p ort of t heir rece nt mari ne diesel r ule ma ki n g 

( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 0). T he ne w e missi o n fact or e q uati o n is base d o n a re gressi o n a nal ysis perf or me d 
6- 2

o n mari ne e n gi ne test data. F or m ore i nf or ma ti o n o n t he ne w mari ne diesel e missi o n fact or 

e q uati o n, see A n alysis of C o m merci al M ari ne Vessels E missi o ns a n d F uel C o ns u m pti o n D at a

( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 0). T he E P A’s e missi o n fact or e q uati o n uses o perati n g l oa d factors t o ge nerate 

e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt- h o ur ( k W- hr), as n ote d bel o w:

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x were o btai ne d fr o m Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A 

( 2 0 0 0) re p ort. All c o nsta nts nee de d f or t his e q uati o n are re p orted i n Ta ble 6- 1. 

Ta ble 6- 1. Mari ne E n gi ne E missi o n F act or a n d F uel C o ns u m pti o n Al g orit h ms 

(i n g/ k W- hr, f or all mari ne e n gi nes). 

P oll uta nt E x p o ne nt ( x) I nterce pt ( B) C oefficie nt ( A) 

N O 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 

S O n/a * n/a 2. 0 0 

* n/a = n ot a p plica ble 

S o urce: U. S. E P A 2 0 0 0 

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, m o dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne 

a p plicati o ns. S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n 

t he f uel s h o ul d be m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u mpti o n calc ulate d a b o ve, t o esti mate t he F uel 

S ulf ur Fl o w as n ote d bel o w: 

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w is t h us a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 

w here: 

A a n d B are pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 6- 1 a b o ve. It s h o ul d be n ote d t hat t he A c oefficie nt f or t he 

s ulf ur e missi o n esti mate was c orrecte d i n t his st u d y t o 1. 9 9 8 ( w hic h is r o u n de d t o 2. 0 0), 

base d o n disc ussi o ns wit h E P A staff c o ncer ni n g t he c orrect val ue t hat s h o ul d be use d. 
6- 3

T hese e missi o n fact ors were a p plie d t o t h e h o urs of o perati o n a n d t y pical h orse p o wer 

(c o n verte d t o k W) t o esti mate e missi o ns. N ote, t his is t he sa me a p pr oac h use d i n t he G ulf wi de 

St u d y. F or f urt her i nf or mati o n a b o ut t his pr o ce d ure, refer t o A p pe n di ces A-J a n d L i n t he 

G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y re p ort ( Wils o n et al. 2 0 0 4). T he a p pr oac hes use d t o a dj ust t he G ulf wi de 

I n ve nt or y data s patiall y a n d te m p orall y t o matc h t he B N W A St u d y ge o gra p hic a n d ti me peri o d 

of i nterest are s u m marize d bel o w f or eac h n o n- platf or m s o urce cate g or y. 

6. 1 O C S OI L A N D G A S P R O D U C TI O N R E L A T E D S O U R C E S 

E missi o n s o urces i ncl u de d i n t his gr o u p are preli mi nar y drilli n g o perati o ns (e xcl usi ve of 

drilli n g ass ociate d wit h a platf or m), t he c o nstr uc ti o n or re m o val of pi peli nes a n d oil platf or ms, 

t he helic o pters a n d vessels t hat directl y pr o vi de s u p p ort t o t he i de ntificati o n of oil fi n ds, a n d 

vessels t hat s hi p s u p plies, e q ui p me nt, a n d pers o n nel t o a n d fr o m t he platf or ms. 

6. 1. 1 Drilli n g Vessels 

Drilli n g vessels are use d f or e x pl orat or y dr illi n g t o s u p ple me nt t he ge ol o gic i nf or mati o n 

pr o vi de d b y s ur ve y vessels. T he drilli n g ri g drills a h ole i n t he ocea n fl o or b y t ur ni n g a drill bit 

attac he d t o le n gt hs of t u b ular pi pe. Se veral di ffere nt t y pes of drill ri gs o perate i n t he G ulf, 

i ncl u di n g jac k- u ps, se mis u b mersi bles, s u b mersi bles, a n d drill s hi ps. Drilli n g ri gs var y relati ve t o 

t he water de pt h w here t he y o perate. F or e xa m ple, jac k- u ps are a ble t o w or k i n water u p t o 3 7 5 

feet dee p, se mis u b mersi bles a n d s u b mersi bles o perate i n water wit h de pt hs of 3 0 0 t o 2, 0 0 0 feet, 

a n d drill s hi ps o perate i n waters wit h de pt hs greater t ha n 2, 0 0 0 feet. 

T he O perati o n a n d A nal ysis Bra nc h of t he E n gi neeri n g a n d O pera ti o ns Di visi o n of M M S 

pr o vi de d acti vit y data f or dr illi n g ri gs b y bl oc k, w hic h i ncl u de d acti vit y f or jac k- u ps, 

se mis u b mersi bles, s u b mersi bles, a n d drill s hi ps ( Ma yes 2 0 0 2). O nl y jac k- u ps a n d 

se mis u b mersi bles o perate d i n t he Bret o n area d uri n g t he peri o d of i nterest. 

E missi o ns fr o m drilli n g ri gs are ass ociate d wit h t he o perati o n of me di u m- t o hi g h-s pee d 

mari ne diesel e n gi nes t hat are use d f or pr o p ul si o n, ge nerati o n of electricit y, a n d o perati o n of 

m u d p u m ps a n d dra w w or ks. M M S acti vit y data were a p plie d t o e missi o n fact ors deri ve d fr o m 

E P A mari ne diesel e n gi ne e m issi o n e q uati o ns ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 0). T he E P A’s e missi o n fact or 

e q uati o n uses o perati n g l oa d fact ors t o ge nerate e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt- h o ur ( k Whr), as n ote d i n t he e q uati o n bel o w:

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x were o btai ne d fr o m t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort. 
6- 4

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, m o dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne 

a p plicati o ns. S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n 

t he f uel s h o ul d be m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u mpti o n calc ulate d a b o ve, t o esti mate t he F uel 

S ulf ur Fl o w as n ote d bel o w: 

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w is t h us a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 

w here: 

A a n d B are di me nsi o nless c o nsta nts pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) 

re p ort. It s h o ul d be n ote d t hat t he A c oefficie nt f or t he s ulf ur e missi o n esti mate was 

c orrecte d i n t his st u d y t o 1. 9 9 8 ( w hic h is r o u n de d t o 2. 0 0), base d o n disc ussi o ns wit h 

E P A staff c o ncer ni n g t he c orrect val ue t hat s h o ul d be use d. 

T o use t hese E P A e missi o n e q uati o ns, ass u m p ti o ns a b o ut vessel h orse p o wer a n d t y pical 

o perati n g l oa ds were o btai ne d fr o m M M S’ G ulf of Mexic o Air Q u ality St u dy ( G M A Q S) ( U. S. 

D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5). T he e missi o n fact ors de vel o pe d f o r drilli n g ri gs are n ote d i n Ta bles 6- 2 a n d 

6- 3 f or eac h drill ri g t y pe use d i n Fe deral waters of t he G ulf. 

T he e missi o n fact ors s h o w n i n Ta bles 6- 2 a n d 6- 3 were a p plie d t o t he c o m pile d acti vit y 

data t o esti mate e missi o ns f or t he p orti o n of G u lf w here M M S has lease bl oc ks. T he drilli n g ri g 

acti vit y data use d i n t his st u d y are base d o n t h e s pecific bl oc ks w here drilli n g acti vities t o o k 

place, a n d t he ti me drilli n g c o m me nce d a n d c o ncl u de d. M M S mai ntai ns a data base of drilli n g 

ri g acti vit y t hat i ncl u des t he l ocati o n of t he drilli n g acti vities a n d t he ti me w he n drilli n g was 

i nitiate d a n d c o m plete d. T hese data were e xtracte d f or t he peri o d fr o m Se pte m ber 2 0 0 0 t hr o u g h 

A u g ust 2 0 0 1 f or lease bl oc ks wit hi n t he B N W A St u d y catc h me nt area. T hese data are 

s u m marize d i n Ta ble 6- 4. 
6- 5

Ta ble 6- 2. Jac k- u p Ri g E missi o n Fact ors. 

T y pical Vessel H P/ k W rati n g 

 A v g. H P A v g. k W 

Pri me 1, 6 6 0. 0 0 1, 2 3 7. 8 6 

P u m ps 1, 6 0 0. 0 0 1, 1 9 3. 1 2 

Dra w w or ks 2, 0 0 0. 0 0 1, 4 9 1. 4 0 

T otal 5, 2 6 0. 0 0 3, 9 2 2. 3 8 

O perati n g L oa d 7 5 % 

E missi o n Fact ors 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) 

E x p o ne nt 

( x) 

I nterce pt 

( B) 

C oefficie nt 

( A) 

A vera ge 

k W rati n g K g/ hr l bs/ hr 

N O 1 0. 6 4 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 3, 9 2 2. 3 8 4 1. 7 5 9 2. 0 3 

S O * 1. 7 9 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 3, 9 2 2. 3 8 7. 0 2 1 5. 4 8 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n. F or t his 

 st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 

Ta ble 6- 3. Se mis u b mersi ble Ri g E missi o n Fact ors. 

T y pical Vessel H P/ k W rati n g 

 A v g. H P A v g. k W 

Pri me 2, 0 3 4. 0 0 1, 5 1 6. 7 5 

P u m ps 1, 6 0 0. 0 0 1, 1 9 3. 1 2 

Dra w w or ks 3, 0 0 0. 0 0 2, 2 3 7. 1 0 

T otal 6, 6 3 4. 0 0 4, 9 4 6. 9 7 

O perati n g L oa d 7 5 % 

E missi o n Fact ors 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) 

E x p o ne nt 

( x) 

I nterce pt 

( B) 

C oefficie nt 

( A) 

A vera ge 

k W rati n g K g/ hr l bs/ hr 

N O 1 0. 6 4 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 4, 9 4 6. 9 7 5 2. 6 5 1 1 6. 0 7 

S O * 1. 7 9 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 4, 9 4 6. 9 7 8. 8 6 1 9. 5 2 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n. F or t his 

 st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 
6- 6

Ta ble 6- 4. Drilli n g Vessel Acti vit y Data. 

Ri g 

T y pe 

S urface 

Area 

C o de 

S urface 

Bl oc k 

N u m ber Ri g Na me 

Ri g M o ve o n 

Date 

Ri g M o ve 

off Date Da ys H o urs 

J U M P 3 1 2 C hiles T o n al a 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 0 0 1 2/ 6/ 2 0 0 0 4 8 1 1 5 2 

J U M P 1 8 8 Di a m o n d Oce a n C h a m pi o n 1 0/ 1 9/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 1 1/ 2 0 0 0 2 4 5 7 6 

J U W D 3 5 Di a m o n d Oce a n Cr us a der 6/ 1 6/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 7/ 2 0 0 1 5 3 1 2 7 2 

J U W D 5 8 Di a m o n d Oce a n Cr us a der 9/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 9/ 1 9/ 2 0 0 0 1 9 4 5 6 

Di a m o n d Oce a n Cr us a der 1 0/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 2 7/ 2 0 0 0 5 8 1 3 9 2 

J U M O 9 9 1 Di a m o n d Oce a n Dr ake 6/ 2 5/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 1 5/ 2 0 0 1 5 2 1 2 4 8 

J U V K 1 5 8 Di a m o n d Oce a n Dr ake 1 1/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 1/ 4/ 2 0 0 1 6 5 1 5 6 0 

J U V K 2 0 6 Di a m o n d Oce a n Dr ake 1/ 2 0/ 2 0 0 1 3/ 2 3/ 2 0 0 1 6 3 1 5 1 2 

J U M P 2 0 0 Di a m o n d Oce a n Tit a n 9/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 1 0/ 5/ 2 0 0 0 3 5 8 4 0 

J U W D 4 3 Di a m o n d Oce a n W ar wick 7/ 2 8/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 2 8/ 2 0 0 1 3 2 7 6 8 

J U GI 3 0 E nsc o 5 4 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 0 1 3/ 1/ 2 0 0 1 4 9 1 1 7 6 

J U V K 1 5 9 E nsc o 5 4 3/ 1 1/ 2 0 0 1 5/ 2/ 2 0 0 1 5 3 1 2 7 2 

J U M P 1 0 8 E nsc o 6 0 7/ 2 4/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 1 7/ 2 0 0 1 2 5 6 0 0 

J U M P 1 5 0 E nsc o 6 8 1 0/ 1 8/ 2 0 0 0 1 2/ 5/ 2 0 0 0 4 9 1 1 7 6 

J U M P 2 0 E nsc o 6 8 1 2/ 5/ 2 0 0 0 3/ 2 0/ 2 0 0 1 1 0 6 2 5 4 4 

J U M P 1 3 1 E nsc o 9 8 1 2/ 2 3/ 2 0 0 0 1/ 1 4/ 2 0 0 1 2 3 5 5 2 

J U W D 3 9 F alc o n P h oe nix III 9/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 9/ 5/ 2 0 0 0 5 1 2 0 

J U M P 7 F alc o n P h oe nix I V 9/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 9/ 2 4/ 2 0 0 0 2 4 5 7 6 

J U M P 2 3 9 Gl o m ar Hi g h Isl a n d II 7/ 1 5/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 2 3/ 2 0 0 1 4 0 9 6 0 

J U M P 2 7 7 Gl o m ar M ai n P ass I V 9/ 5/ 2 0 0 0 1 0/ 2 5/ 2 0 0 0 5 1 1 2 2 4 

J U M P 1 1 4 M ari ne 2 0 0 1 0/ 1 3/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 1 9/ 2 0 0 0 3 8 9 1 2 

M ari ne 2 0 0 1 0/ 1 3/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 3 0/ 2 0 0 0 4 9 1 1 7 6 

J U M P 2 0 M ari ne 3 0 0 1 0/ 2 7/ 2 0 0 0 1 0/ 3 0/ 2 0 0 0 4 9 6 

J U M P 2 2 6 M ari ne 3 0 0 9/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 0 1 0/ 2 7/ 2 0 0 0 4 8 1 1 5 2 

J U W D 5 9 M ari ne 3 0 0 1 1/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 1 2/ 1 1/ 2 0 0 0 4 1 9 8 4 

J U M P 2 7 5 M ari ne 3 0 3 6/ 3/ 2 0 0 1 7/ 1 9/ 2 0 0 1 4 7 1 1 2 8 

J U M P 1 6 4 M ari ne I V 1/ 1 3/ 2 0 0 1 1/ 2 4/ 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 8 8 

J U W D 1 1 7 M ari ne X V 1 1/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 0 

J U S P 3 8 M ari ne X VIII 1 1/ 2 8/ 2 0 0 0 2/ 2 1/ 2 0 0 1 8 6 2 0 6 4 

M ari ne X VIII 2/ 2 1/ 2 0 0 1 2/ 2 2/ 2 0 0 1 2 4 8 

M ari ne X VIII 2/ 2 2/ 2 0 0 1 5/ 1 9/ 2 0 0 1 8 7 2 0 8 8 

M ari ne X VIII 5/ 1 9/ 2 0 0 1 7/ 3 1/ 2 0 0 1 7 4 1 7 7 6 

J U W D 5 9 M ari ne X VIII 9/ 1 9/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 2 8/ 2 0 0 0 7 1 1 7 0 4 

J U V K 5 6 5 N o ble J o h n nie H off m a n 1 1/ 1 1/ 2 0 0 0 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 0 1 6 3 1 5 1 2 

J U B S 5 4 P arker 1 4-J 1 5 4/ 5/ 2 0 0 1 5/ 3/ 2 0 0 1 2 9 6 9 6 

J U M P 1 0 8 P arker 1 4-J 1 5 7/ 2 4/ 2 0 0 1 7/ 2 4/ 2 0 0 1 1 2 4 

J U B S 4 1 P arker 1 5-J 6/ 2/ 2 0 0 1 7/ 6/ 2 0 0 1 3 5 8 4 0 

J U W D 2 3 P o ol R a n ger V 9/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 1 0/ 2 9/ 2 0 0 0 5 9 1 4 1 6 

J U M P 1 8 1 Pri de Al a b a m a 7/ 2 6/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 1 5/ 2 0 0 1 2 1 5 0 4 

J U M P 6 2 Pri de C alif or ni a 4/ 6/ 2 0 0 1 4/ 2 8/ 2 0 0 1 2 3 5 5 2 

J U V K 1 6 9 Pri de K a ns as 3/ 2 2/ 2 0 0 1 4/ 1 5/ 2 0 0 1 2 5 6 0 0 

J U V K 3 4 0 Pri de K a ns as 4/ 1 5/ 2 0 0 1 5/ 1 9/ 2 0 0 1 3 5 8 4 0 

J U M O 8 6 4 Pri de Wy o mi n g 2/ 1 1/ 2 0 0 1 3/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 1 2 8 6 7 2 
6- 7

Ta ble 6- 4. Drilli n g Vessel Acti vit y Data ( C o nti n ue d). 

Ri g 

T y pe 

S urface 

Area 

C o de 

S urface 

Bl oc k 

N u m ber Ri g Na me 

Ri g M o ve o n 

Date 

Ri g M o ve 

off Date Da ys H o urs 

J U M O 9 0 8 Pri de Wy o mi n g 1/ 2 1/ 2 0 0 1 2/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 1 2 1 5 0 4 

J U M P 1 5 9 Pri de Wy o mi n g 1 2/ 1 1/ 2 0 0 0 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 0 1 3 3 7 9 2 

J U M P 1 6 3 Pri de Wy o mi n g 1/ 1 3/ 2 0 0 1 1/ 2 0/ 2 0 0 1 8 1 9 2 

J U M P 6 1 Pri de Wy o mi n g 1 0/ 1 5/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 2 0/ 2 0 0 0 3 7 8 8 8 

Pri de Wy o mi n g 1 1/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 1 4/ 2 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 6 

Pri de Wy o mi n g 1 1/ 2 0/ 2 0 0 0 1 2/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 0 2 1 5 0 4 

J U S P 9 0 Pri de Wy o mi n g 1 1/ 1 4/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 0 0 2 4 8 

J U M P 7 R & B F alc o n 2 0 0 4/ 8/ 2 0 0 1 5/ 3/ 2 0 0 1 2 6 6 2 4 

J U GI 3 1 R & B F alc o n 2 0 3 9/ 4/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 2 0/ 2 0 0 0 7 8 1 8 7 2 

J U M P 8 6 R & B F alc o n 2 5 1 1 0/ 2 3/ 2 0 0 0 1 2/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 4 0 9 6 0 

R & B F alc o n 2 5 1 1 2/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 1 2/ 2 1/ 2 0 0 0 2 1 5 0 4 

J U GI 3 3 R & B F alc o n 2 5 2 2/ 3/ 2 0 0 1 4/ 3/ 2 0 0 1 6 0 1 4 4 0 

J U M P 1 6 4 R o w a n H o ust o n 8/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 1 2/ 2 0 0 1 3 7 2 

J U M P 2 1 7 R o w a n- Al ask a 1 0/ 5/ 2 0 0 0 1 0/ 2 2/ 2 0 0 0 1 8 4 3 2 

J U M P 2 3 3 R o w a n- Al ask a 1 0/ 2 3/ 2 0 0 0 2/ 5/ 2 0 0 1 1 0 6 2 5 4 4 

J U M P 8 6 S u n d o w ner D ol p hi n 1 0 6 6/ 1 3/ 2 0 0 1 6/ 3 0/ 2 0 0 1 1 8 4 3 2 

S u n d o w ner D ol p hi n 1 0 6 6/ 3 0/ 2 0 0 1 7/ 7/ 2 0 0 1 8 1 9 2 

S S V K 7 3 9 B or g ny D ol p hi n 9/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 9/ 8/ 2 0 0 0 8 1 9 2 

S S M P 1 4 5 C al Dive U ncle J o h n 1/ 2 1/ 2 0 0 1 3/ 2 1/ 2 0 0 1 6 0 1 4 4 0 

S S V K 7 3 9 

Di a m o n d Oce a n 

A m b ass a d or 7/ 2 3/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 3 1/ 2 0 0 1 4 0 9 6 0 

S S M C 3 2 1 Di a m o n d Oce a n C o nc or d 9/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 9/ 2 0/ 2 0 0 0 2 0 4 8 0 

S S V K 7 3 7 Di a m o n d Oce a n C o nc or d 6/ 2 5/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 1 4 7 1 1 2 8 

S S W D 1 4 8 Di a m o n d Oce a n E n de av or 5/ 2 1/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 3 1/ 2 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 4 7 2 

S S S P 9 0 Di a m o n d Oce a n Lexi n gt o n 1 1/ 1 7/ 2 0 0 0 1 2/ 3/ 2 0 0 0 1 7 4 0 8 

S S M C 2 7 8 Di a m o n d Oce a n S ar at o g a 2/ 1 3/ 2 0 0 1 5/ 2 2/ 2 0 0 1 9 9 2 3 7 6 

S S M C 3 2 2 Di a m o n d Oce a n S ar at o g a 5/ 2 2/ 2 0 0 1 7/ 8/ 2 0 0 1 4 8 1 1 5 2 

Di a m o n d Oce a n S ar at o g a 7/ 8/ 2 0 0 1 8/ 1 3/ 2 0 0 1 3 7 8 8 8 

S S S P 5 2 Di a m o n d Oce a n S ar at o g a 1/ 1 6/ 2 0 0 1 2/ 1 2/ 2 0 0 1 2 8 6 7 2 

S S M C 2 4 3 E nsc o 7 5 0 0 9/ 1/ 2 0 0 0 8/ 3 1/ 2 0 0 1 3 6 5 8 7 6 0 

S S M C 1 9 9 Gl o m ar Celtic Se a 1 0/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 0 1 1/ 1 0/ 2 0 0 0 3 2 7 6 8 

Gl o m ar Celtic Se a 1 1/ 1 1/ 2 0 0 0 1/ 4/ 2 0 0 1 5 5 1 3 2 0 

S S M C 2 4 3 Gl o m ar Celtic Se a 2/ 1 7/ 2 0 0 1 3/ 6/ 2 0 0 1 1 8 4 3 2 

S S V K 8 6 3 Tr a ns oce a n 9 6 5/ 5/ 2 0 0 1 5/ 2 8/ 2 0 0 1 2 4 5 7 6 

T he drilli n g o perati o n e missi o ns were s patia ll y all ocate d t o t he lease bl oc ks w here 

drilli n g occ urre d. Fi g ure 6- 1 ma ps t he l ocati o n of all of t he drilli n g ri gs. 
6- 8

Fi g ure 6- 1. L ocati o n of Drilli n g O perati o ns a n d M M S Lease Bl oc ks f or 2 0 0 0. 

6. 1. 2 Pi pel a yi n g O per ati o ns 

Pr o d uct fr o m oil platf or ms is ge nerall y tra ns p orte d t o s h ore via pi peli ne. Ne w pi peli nes 

are c o nsta ntl y bei n g lai d li n ki n g ne w platf or ms t o s h ore. Pi peli nes als o re q uire occasi o nal 

mai nte na nce a n d re pair. T o i n stall, mai ntai n, or re place secti o ns of pi peli ne necessitates 

c o nsi dera ble vessel s u p p ort. I n t he G M A Q S, t he n u m ber of vessels nee de d t o la y a gi ve n le n gt h 

of pi pe i n 2 4 h o urs was esti mate d ( U. S. D OI , M M S 1 9 9 5). Fr o m t hese ass u m pti o ns, it was 

calc ulate d t hat it ta kes 0. 4 t otal vessel h o urs t o la y o ne f o ot of pi pe. T his “ vessel h o urs per f o ot” 

val ue was a p plie d t o t he ge o gra p hic i nf or ma ti o n s yste m ( GI S) data pr o vi de d b y t he M M S 

Pi peli ne Secti o n t o esti mate h o urs of o perati o n. T he M M S da ta d oc u me nts t he le n gt h a n d 

l ocati o n of i n di vi d ual secti o ns c o nstr ucte d or mai ntai ne d fr o m Se pte m ber 2 0 0 0 t o A u g ust 2 0 0 1 

( Fr o o mer 2 0 0 2, Fr o o mer 2 0 0 3). T hese data were ma p pe d t o i n di vi d ual lease bl oc ks i n t he 

B N W A St u d y catc h me nt area usi n g GI S t o ols. T he t otal le n gt h of pi peli ne c o nstr ucte d or 

mai ntai ne d wit hi n a lease bl oc k were calc ulate d f or eac h lease bl oc k, al o n g wit h t he t otal vessel 

h o urs i ncl u de d i n t hese acti vities, base d o n t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

pi = ( Li 0. 4 hrs/ft) 
6- 9

w here: 

pi = T otal vessel ti me i n v ol ve d i n pipela yi n g or mai nte na nce f or lease 

 bl oc k i ( hrs) 

 = Le n gt h of i n di vi d ual pi pe se g me nt wit hi n t he b o u n daries of lease 

bl oc k i (ft) 

E missi o ns ass ociate d wit h pi pela yi n g vesse ls are attri b ute d t o t he o perati o n of t he 

pri mar y diesel e n gi ne use d f or pr o p ulsi o n a n d ot he r s maller diesel e n gi nes t hat are use d t o r u n 

ge nerat ors, air c o m press ors, wel di n g e q ui p me nt, or s mall cra nes a n d wi nc hes. Releases of gas or 

oil fr o m pi peli nes t hat re q uire d re pair or acci de ntal releases d uri n g c o ns tr ucti o n or mai nte na nce 

were n ot c o nsi dere d i n t his st u d y. C o m b usti o n e missi o ns were esti mate d b y usi n g t he E P A’s 

e missi o n fact or e q uati o n ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 0). T his e missi o n fact or e q uati o n uses o perati n g l oa d 

fact ors t o ge nerate e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt- h o ur ( k W- hr), as n ote d i n t he e q uati o n 

bel o w:

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x were o btai ne d fr o m t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort. 

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, mo dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne a p plicati o ns. 

S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n t he f uel 

s h o ul d be m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u m pti o n calc ulate d a b o ve, t o esti mate t he F uel S ulf ur Fl o w 

as n ote d bel o w: 

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w is t h us a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 

w here: 

A a n d B are di me nsi o nless c o nsta nts pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) 

re p ort. It s h o ul d be n ote d t hat t he A c oefficie nt f or t he s ulf ur e missi o n esti mate was 

c orrecte d i n t his st u d y t o 1. 9 9 8 ( w hic h is r o u n de d t o 2. 0 0), base d o n disc ussi o ns wit h 

E P A staff c o ncer ni n g t he c orrect val ue t hat s h o ul d be use d. 
6- 1 0

Ass u m pti o ns a b o ut a vera ge h orse p o wer a n d l o a d fact ors were o btai ne d fr o m t he G M A Q S 

( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5) a n d a p plie d t o E P A e missi o n e q uati o ns ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 0) t o o btai n a n 

h o url y e missi o n fact ors. T he pi pela yi n g e missi o n fact ors use d i n t his i n ve nt or y are n ote d i n 

Ta ble 6- 5. 

Ta ble 6- 5. E missi o n Fact or s f or Pi pela yi n g Vessels. 

O perati n g 

L oa d A v g. H P A v g. k W T otal Hrs per F o ot 

7 5 % 1 2 0 0. 0 0 8 9 4. 8 4 0. 4 0 

E missi o n Fact ors f or Pi pela yi n g Vessels ( per f o ot of pi pe) 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) 

E x p o ne nt 

( x) 

I nterce pt 

( B) 

C oefficie nt 

( A) 

A v g k W 

rati n g l bs/ hr Hrs/ft 

E missi o n 

Fact or 

(l bs/ft) 

N O 1 0. 6 4 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 8 9 4. 8 4 2 1. 0 0 0. 4 0 8. 4 0 

S O * 1. 7 9 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 8 9 4. 8 4 3. 5 3 0. 4 0 1. 4 1 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n. F or t his 

 st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 

T o esti mate N O a n d S O e missi o ns, t hese h o url y e missi o n fact ors were a p plie d t o t he 

calc ulate d h o urs of o perati o n n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 6. 

Ta ble 6- 6. Pi pela yi n g Acti vit y Data. 

Pr ojecti o n I D Bl oc k I D S u m of Se g me nt Le n gt hs (feet) H o urs 

L A 1 0 7 1 1, 8 3 3. 9 2 4 7, 3 3 5. 7 0

L A 1 0 1 8 7 3 6. 5 5 2, 9 4 6. 1 9

L A 1 0 1 0 3 8 1 7. 1 9 3, 2 6 8. 7 7

L A 1 0 A 1 6 4 1 2, 4 8 5. 8 6 4 9, 9 4 3. 4 4

L A 1 0 A 1 7 8 1 6, 2 7 8. 4 8 6 5, 1 1 3. 9 1

L A 1 0 A 2 5 9 4 2, 1 5 9. 0 2 1 6 8, 6 3 6. 0 9

L A 1 0 A 2 7 5 8, 7 3 1. 4 6 3 4, 9 2 5. 8 5

L A 1 0 A 2 7 6 1 4, 1 7 1. 1 6 5 6, 6 8 4. 6 5

L A 1 0 A 2 7 7 1 4, 1 7 2. 9 0 5 6, 6 9 1. 6 0

L A 1 0 A 2 7 8 1 4, 1 7 0. 3 7 5 6, 6 8 1. 5 0

L A 1 0 A 2 7 9 5, 6 3 8. 8 8 2 2, 5 5 5. 5 1

L A 7 2 3 2 3, 3 1 3. 4 2 9 3, 2 5 3. 6 7

L A 7 3 2 1 1, 2 9 8. 9 2 4 5, 1 9 5. 6 7

L A 7 3 3 1 7, 9 7 0. 4 4 7 1, 8 8 1. 7 6
6- 1 1

Ta ble 6- 6. Pi pela yi n g Ac ti vit y Data ( C o nti n ue d). 

Pr ojecti o n I D Bl oc k I D S u m of Se g me nt Le n gt hs (feet) H o urs 

L A 7 4 3 3, 1 7 6. 9 7 1 2, 7 0 7. 8 7

L A 7 4 7 2, 9 7 2. 8 3 1 1, 8 9 1. 3 4

L A 7 4 8 3, 9 9 5. 8 3 1 5, 9 8 3. 3 3

L A 8 2 3 1, 4 0 3. 4 4 5, 6 1 3. 7 8

L A 8 5 9 5, 0 6 0. 1 7 2 0, 2 4 0. 6 8

L A 8 1 0 9 3, 2 3 5. 1 7 1 2, 9 4 0. 6 8

L A 9 2 8 4, 4 5 1. 8 0 1 7, 8 0 7. 2 2

L A 9 A 8 9 1 4, 9 7 6. 4 1 5 9, 9 0 5. 6 4

L A 9 A 9 0 1, 2 3 8. 8 5 4, 9 5 5. 3 8

L A 9 A 9 2 1 7, 9 3 1. 5 0 7 1, 7 2 5. 9 8

L A 9 A 9 3 1 4, 7 7 6. 2 8 5 9, 1 0 5. 1 2

L A 9 A 9 6 1 4, 7 6 6. 8 3 5 9, 0 6 7. 3 2

N H 1 6- 0 4 8 2 0 1 1, 8 2 3. 5 6 4 7, 2 9 4. 2 3

N H 1 6- 0 4 8 6 4 8, 7 0 4. 4 3 3 4, 8 1 7. 7 2

N H 1 6- 0 4 8 6 5 1 1, 6 0 9. 0 2 4 6, 4 3 6. 0 9

N H 1 6- 0 4 9 0 8 6, 7 4 2. 7 2 2 6, 9 7 0. 8 7

N H 1 6- 0 4 9 0 9 1 1, 2 4 4. 3 6 4 4, 9 7 7. 4 3

N H 1 6- 0 4 9 1 0 1 5, 4 6 2. 0 4 6 1, 8 4 8. 1 6

N H 1 6- 0 4 9 1 1 1 1, 4 0 5. 6 8 4 5, 6 2 2. 7 0

N H 1 6- 0 4 9 5 5 5, 7 3 4. 8 8 2 2, 9 3 9. 5 0

N H 1 6- 0 4 9 5 6 1 7, 2 8 8. 8 1 6 9, 1 5 5. 2 5

N H 1 6- 0 4 9 5 7 8, 4 4 5. 5 4 3 3, 7 8 2. 1 5

N H 1 6- 0 4 1 0 0 1 1 0, 2 5 4. 8 2 4 1, 0 1 9. 2 9

N H 1 6- 0 4 1 0 0 2 1 7, 7 8 8. 1 2 7 1, 1 5 2. 4 9

N H 1 6- 0 7 3 4 4 4 7. 4 7 1, 7 8 9. 9 0

N H 1 6- 0 7 3 5 1 7, 7 0 7. 4 8 7 0, 8 2 9. 9 2

N H 1 6- 0 7 3 6 1 6, 0 8 6. 9 1 6 4, 3 4 7. 6 4

N H 1 6- 0 7 3 7 3, 6 7 7. 4 9 1 4, 7 0 9. 9 7

N H 1 6- 0 7 8 1 1 2, 3 9 2. 2 9 4 9, 5 6 9. 1 6

N H 1 6- 0 7 8 2 1 6, 1 0 3. 0 8 6 4, 4 1 2. 3 4

N H 1 6- 0 7 2 5 1 2 2, 8 9 7. 0 1 9 1, 5 8 8. 0 6

N H 1 6- 0 7 2 5 2 1 2, 8 5 7. 4 5 5 1, 4 2 9. 7 9

N H 1 6- 0 7 2 9 6 3 2, 5 4 0. 2 9 1 3 0, 1 6 1. 1 5

N H 1 6- 0 7 3 4 0 2 8, 3 2 0. 3 1 1 1 3, 2 8 1. 2 3
6- 1 2

Ta ble 6- 6. Pi pela yi n g Ac ti vit y Data ( C o nti n ue d). 

Pr ojecti o n I D Bl oc k I D S u m of Se g me nt Le n gt hs (feet) H o urs 

N H 1 6- 0 7 6 9 4 5 8, 1 4 8. 6 2 2 3 2, 5 9 4. 4 9

N H 1 6- 0 7 7 3 8 6 3, 8 8 5. 0 1 2 5 5, 5 4 0. 0 3

N H 1 6- 0 7 7 3 9 2, 6 5 2. 1 3 1 0, 6 0 8. 5 3

N H 1 6- 0 8 4 5 1 6, 0 8 5. 6 3 6 4, 3 4 2. 5 2

N H 1 6- 0 8 4 6 4. 3 0 1 7. 1 9

N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 1 1 1, 7 4 6. 5 6 4 6, 9 8 6. 2 2

N H 1 6- 1 0 3 6 4 9, 1 0 9. 4 5 3 6, 4 3 7. 8 0

N H 1 6- 1 0 3 6 5 9, 7 6 8. 9 6 3 9, 0 7 5. 8 5

N H 1 6- 1 0 4 0 8 1 5, 8 3 7. 4 0 6 3, 3 4 9. 6 1

N H 1 6- 1 0 4 5 2 1. 8 0 7. 2 2

T otal 7 6 8, 5 3 8. 2 9 3, 0 7 4, 1 5 3. 1 5

Pi pela yi n g e missi o ns were ma p pe d t o t he li n ks pr o vi de d b y t he M M S a nd are pr o vi de d i n 

Fi g ure 6- 2. 

Fi g ure 6- 2. Pi peli ne L ocati o ns a n d M M S Lease Bl oc ks.
6- 1 3

6. 1. 3 Pl atf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d Re m o v al 

A variet y of vessels are nee de d t o tra nsfer e q ui p me nt, materials, a n d str uct ural platf or m 

c o m p o ne nts, as well as w or kers a n d tec h nicia ns, d uri n g t he c o nstr ucti o n a n d re m o val of offs h ore 

oil platf or ms. T he met h o ds use d t o esti mate e m issi o ns fr o m t hese vessels were a da pte d fr o m 

a n ot her M M S st u d y, E missi o n I nve nt ories of O C S Pr o d ucti o n a n d Devel o p me nt Activities i n t he 

G ulf of Mexic o – Fi n al Re p ort ( C oe et al. 2 0 0 3). As t he vessels i n v ol ve d i n platf or m 

c o nstr ucti o n a n d re m o val acti vities are si milar t o s u p p ort vessels (see Secti o n 6. 1. 5) ma n y of t he 

sa me ass u m pti o ns a b o ut vessel c haracteristics a nd o perati o ns were use d t o esti mate e missi o ns. 

Platf or ms t hat were i nstalle d or re m o ve d d uri n g t he peri o d fr o m Se pte m ber 2 0 0 0 t o 

A u g ust 2 0 0 1 were i de ntifie d usi n g M M S’ platf or m str uct ure data base. A d diti o nal data were 

pr o vi de d b y M M S q ua ntif yi n g t he water de pt h at t he platf or m a n d t he n u m ber of pili n gs 

ass ociate d wit h i n di vi d ual platf or ms. T his i nf or mati o n was use d i n c o nj u ncti o n wit h data 

i ncl u de d i n C oe et al. ( 2 0 0 3), t o esti mate t he t otal vessel h o urs ass ociate d wit h platf or m 

c o nstr ucti o n a n d re m o val. Ass u m pti o ns a b o ut t y pical vessel h orse p o wer a n d o perati n g l oa ds 

use d i n t he s u p p ort vessel calc ula ti o ns were als o use d t o de vel o p e missi o n fact ors f or vessels 

ass ociate d wit h t his s o urce cate g or y usi n g t he E P A mari ne diesel e missi o n fact or e q uati o n ( U. S. 

E P A 2 0 0 0). T he E P A’s e missi o n fact or e q uati o n uses o perati n g l oa d fact ors t o ge nerate 

e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt- h o ur ( k W- hr), as n ote d i n t he e q uati o n bel o w:

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x were o btai ne d fr o m t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort. 

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, m o dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne 

a p plicati o ns. S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n 

t he f uel s h o ul d be m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u mpti o n calc ulate d a b o ve, t o esti mate t he F uel 

S ulf ur Fl o w as n ote d bel o w: 

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w is t h us a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 
6- 1 4

w here: 

A a n d B are di me nsi o nless c o nsta nts pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) 

re p ort. It s h o ul d be n ote d t hat t he A c oefficie nt f or t he s ulf ur e missi o n esti mate was 

c orrecte d i n t his st u d y t o 1. 9 9 8 ( w hic h is r o u n de d t o 2. 0 0), base d o n disc ussi o ns wit h 

E P A staff c o ncer ni n g t he c orrect val ue t hat s h o ul d be use d. 

T he c o nstr ucti o n a n d re m o val e missi o n fact ors us e d f or eac h t y pe of vessel i n v ol ve d i n 

t hese o perati o ns are n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 7. 

Ta ble 6- 7. Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d Re m o val E missi o n Fact ors. 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) 

E x p o ne nt 

( x) 

I nterce pt 

( B) 

C oefficie nt 

( A) k W k g/ hr l bs/ hr 

Bar ges 

N O 1 0. 7 6 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 2 2 9. 7 0 2. 4 7 5. 4 5 

S O * 1. 8 4 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 2 2 9. 7 0 0. 4 2 0. 9 3 

Cre w B oats 

N O 1 0. 6 1 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 3 5 7. 9 0 3. 8 0 8. 3 7 

S O * 1. 7 7 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 

3 5 7. 9

0 0. 6 3 1. 4 0 

S u p pl y B oats 

N O 1 0. 7 6 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 

6 4 7. 3

0 6. 9 6 1 5. 3 5 

S O * 1. 8 4 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 

6 4 7. 3

0 1. 1 9 2. 6 3 

T u g B oats 

N O 1 0. 7 6 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 

1 6 6 5.

9 0 1 7. 9 3 3 9. 5 2 

S O * 1. 8 5 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 

1 6 6 5.

9 0 3. 0 8 6. 7 8 

L oa d fact ors use d: bar ge = 0. 5 5; cre w = 0. 8 6 5; s u p pl y = 0. 5 5; t u g = 0. 5 4 4 5 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n 

F or t his st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 

T o calc ulate t otal platf or m c o nstr ucti o n or re m o val e missi o ns, t hese h o url y e missi o n 

fact ors were a p plie d t o t he esti mate of t otal vessel h o urs of o perati o n f o r i n di vi d ual platf or ms 

t hat were c o nstr ucte d or re m o ve d d uri n g t he st u d y peri o d, as n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 8. 
6- 1 5

Ta ble 6- 8. Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n/ Re m o val Acti vit y Data. 

Area 

C o de 

Bl oc k 

N u m ber 

C o m ple x 

I D I nstall Date 

Re m o val 

Date 

Water 

De pt h 

D urati o n 

( da ys) 

D urati o n 

( h o urs) 

B S 5 4 9 4 9 0 5/ 0 2/ 0 1 2 0 9 2 1 6

GI 3 1 7 9 5 0 9/ 2 6/ 0 0 7 5 6 1 4 4

GI 3 3 8 7 0 0 1/ 1 7/ 0 1 8 2 9 2 1 6

GI 4 1 7 6 6 1 1/ 1 5/ 0 0 1 0 0 6 1 4 4

GI 7 9 2 3 8 4 5 0 1/ 0 1/ 9 0 1/ 1 5/ 0 1 2 0 3 9 2 1 6

M O 9 9 2 7 1 1 1 2/ 5/ 0 0 9 1 9 2 1 6

M P 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 1 0 1/ 0 1/ 8 8 1 1/ 0 3/ 0 0 7 8 9 2 1 6

M P 1 2 9 2 3 4 5 3 0 1/ 0 1/ 8 8 1 0/ 1 3/ 0 0 9 5 9 2 1 6

M P 1 6 4 9 4 8 0 7/ 1 8/ 0 1 1 3 5 9 2 1 6

M P 2 0 8 5 1 1 2/ 0 8/ 0 0 3 4 9 2 1 6

M P 2 7 5 9 0 0 0 5/ 1 9/ 0 1 2 3 1 9 2 1 6

M P 6 1 9 2 8 0 5/ 1 3/ 0 1 9 1 1 0 2 4 0

M P 7 8 0 9 0 9/ 2 4/ 0 0 3 9 1 0 2 4 0

M P 8 6 8 4 2 1 1/ 2 9/ 0 0 7 0 9 2 1 6

M P 8 6 8 6 1 1 2/ 2 1/ 0 0 7 5 6 1 4 4

M P 9 5 2 3 4 2 9 0 1/ 0 1/ 8 8 0 6/ 2 6/ 0 1 5 5 9 2 1 6

V K 1 2 2 3 1 0 2 0 0 9/ 2 9/ 9 6 0 4/ 1 9/ 0 1 1 1 0 6 1 4 4

V K 1 2 3 3 1 0 1 7 1 0/ 0 4/ 9 6 0 5/ 0 6/ 0 1 1 1 5 6 1 4 4

V K 1 5 5 2 4 2 2 3 0 4/ 2 0/ 9 5 0 9/ 2 9/ 0 0 9 7 9 2 1 6

V K 3 3 3 1 0 1 5 0 9/ 0 9/ 9 6 0 4/ 2 6/ 0 1 1 0 5 6 1 4 4

V K 3 5 7 0 0 0 6 0 1/ 2 5/ 9 7 0 4/ 2 1/ 0 1 1 1 5 9 2 1 6

V K 7 0 2 5 6 0 7/ 3 0/ 9 8 0 7/ 3 1/ 0 1 1 0 5 6 1 4 4

W D 2 8 2 0 1 9 2 0 2/ 2 8/ 0 1 3 7 6 1 4 4

W D 5 9 8 5 6 0 3/ 0 6/ 0 1 6 0 6 1 4 4

W D 7 8 1 7 4 0 5/ 0 2/ 9 9 0 4/ 2 4/ 0 1 8 7 6 1 4 4

T otal 1 9 7 4, 7 2 8

E missi o ns f or eac h platf or m were attri b ute d t o t he lease bl oc k w here t he platf or m was 

l ocate d as n ote d i n Fi g ure 6- 3. O nl y t h ose platf or m c o nstr ucti o n a n d re m o val acti vities t hat 

occ urre d wit hi n t he B N W A St u d y catc h me nt ar ea were i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y of n o nplatf or m s o urces. 
6- 1 6

Fi g ure 6- 3. L ocati o n of Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d Re m o val. 

6. 1. 4 S u p p ort Helic o pters 

Helic o pters are use d e xte nsi vel y i n t he G ulf t o m o ve li g ht s u p plies a n d pers o n nel t o a n d 

fr o m platf or ms. T otal acti vit y data f or 2 0 0 0 an d 2 0 0 1 f or t he G ulf area were o btai ne d fr o m t he 

Helic o pter S afety A dvis ory C o nfere nce’s ( H S A C) G ulf of Mexic o Offs h ore Helic o pter 

O per ati o ns a n d S afety Revie w ( H S A C 2 0 0 1). T his refere nce pr o vi de d data o n t he n u m ber of 

helic o pter tri ps ta ke n, n u m ber of passe n gers carrie d, a n d d urati o n of tri ps. T he acti vit y data were 

disa g gre gate d i nt o si n gle e n gi ne, t wi n e n gi ne, a n d hea v y t wi n e n gi ne helic o pters. It was 

ass u me d t hat t he pr o p orti o n of si n gle, t wi n, a n d h ea v y t wi n helic o pters o perati n g i n t he e ntire 

G ulf is si milar t o t he pr o p orti o n of si n gle, t w i n, a n d hea v y t wi n helic o pters o perati n g i n t he 

B N W A st u d y area. It s h o ul d als o be n ote d t hat lease- bl oc k s pecific helic o pter data are n ot 

rea dil y a vaila ble. Helic o pter la n di n g a n d ta ke off ( L T O) acti vit y wit hi n t he B N W A was 

esti mate d b y e xtracti n g a n n ual heli c o pter acti vit y data fr o m t he G ulf wi de st u d y, as s u m marize d 

i n Ta ble 6- 9. Act ual acti vit y f or t he B N W A may be differe nt t ha n t he esti mate d acti vit y n ote d. 
6- 1 7

Ta ble 6- 9. S u m mar y of Helic o pter Acti vit y Data. 

Helic o pter T y pe Si n gle T wi n Hea v y T wi n T otal 

Esti mate d L T Os 3 2, 8 6 4 1 5, 5 3 5 1, 2 8 0 4 9, 6 7 9 

T he a vera ge tri p le n gt h was relati vel y s h ort ( 1 6 mi n utes) ( H S A C 2 0 0 1); it is ass u me d t hat 

helic o pters t y picall y h o p fr o m pl atf or m t o platf or m, t heref ore t h e e missi o n esti mates are base d 

o n a s h ort L T O c ycle t hat is a p pr o priate f or t he d oc u me nte d a vera ge tri p le n gt h. Acti vit y was 

esti mate d b y a p pl yi n g t he n u m ber of helic o pter tri ps t o t he a vera ge tri p ti me t o yiel d t otal h o urs 

of o perati o n. 

T he helic o pter e missi o n fact ors were o btai ne d fr o m m ulti ple s o urces i ncl u di n g t he Fi n al 

Air Q u ality M a n a ge me nt Pl a n, 1 9 9 1 Revisi o n, Fi n al Tec h nic al Re p ort III- G, 1 9 8 7 Aircr aft 

E missi o n I nve nt ory i n t h e S o ut h C o ast Air B asi n de vel o pe d b y t he Calif or nia S o ut h C oast Air 

Q ualit y Ma na ge me nt District ( S C A Q M D 1 9 9 1). Staff at t he Calif or nia Air Res o urces B oar d 

n ote d t hat t hese e missi o n fact ors ha ve n ot bee n u p date d si nce 1 9 9 1. A d diti o nal helic o pter 

e missi o n fact ors were o btai ne d fr o m E P A’s Pr oce d ures f or E missi o n I nve nt ory Pre p ar ati o n 

V ol u me I V: M o bile S o urces ( U. S. E P A 1 9 9 2) as well as data fr o m t he Allis o n helic o pter e n gi ne 

ma n ufact urer ( Allis o n 2 0 0 2), a n d helic o pter test data fr o m t he De part me nt of t he Na v y’s 

E nvir o n me nt al Assess me nts ( De pt. of t he Na v y 1 9 9 9 Staff at t he E P A’s Office of 

Tra ns p ortati o n a n d Air Q ualit y ( O T A Q) were c o ntacte d t o i ns ure t hat all data s o urces of 

helic o pter e missi o n fact ors were i de ntifie d i n t his eff ort. 

As disc usse d i n t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y Re p ort ( Wils o n et al. 2 0 0 4), t he e missi o n fact ors 

were disa g gre gate d i nt o t he helic o pter t y pes use d i n t he H S A C’s acti vit y data L T O- base d 

e missi o n fact ors f or eac h helic o p ter t y pe were a vera ge d pr o vi din g t he e missi o n fact ors use d i n 

t his st u d y. T hese a vera ge e missio n fact ors are s u m marize d i n Ta bl e 6- 1 0. T he data o btai ne d f or 

militar y helic o pters were n ot i ncl u de d i n t he a ver a ge beca use s o me of t he e missi o n fact ors were 

m ore t ha n a n or der of ma g nit u de differe nt fr o m t he fact ors o btai ne d fr o m ot her data s o urces a n d 

a cre di ble e x pla nati o n f or t he differe nce c o ul d n ot be pr o vi de d; als o m ost of t he helic o pters use d 

t o s u p p ort oil platf or m acti vities are c o m mercial, n ot militar y helic o pters. 

Ta ble 6- 1 0. A vera ge Helic o pter E missi o n Fact ors. 

 Helic o pter T y pe 

N O

(l b/ L T O) 

S O 

(l b/ L T O) 

Si n gle- E n gi ne 0. 5 5 0. 1 9 

T wi n- E n gi ne 4. 0 1 0. 3 3 

Hea v y T wi n- E n gi ne 1 7. 4 0 1. 1 0 

T he helic o pter acti vit y data n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 9 were a p plie d t o t he e missi o n fact ors 

de vel o pe d i n t his st u d y t o esti ma te e missi o ns fr o m t his s o urce cate g or y. Helic o pter e missi o ns 

were a p p orti o ne d b y assi g ni n g e missi o ns t o lease bl oc ks wit h acti ve platf or ms t hat ha ve heli p orts 

(see Fi g ure 6- 4), as m ost of t he e missi o ns ass ociate d wit h s u p p ort helic o p ters occ urs w hile t he 
6- 1 8

craft is near or at t he platf o r m. S patial all ocati o n of helic o pter e missi o ns was ma de usi n g t he 

e q uati o n bel o w. 

Hi = E ( PHi / PH T ) 

w here: 

Hi S u p p ort helic o pter e missi o ns ass o ciate d wit h lease bl oc k i 

H T otal helic o pter e missi o ns 

Hi N u m ber of platf or ms wit h heli p orts i n lease bl oc k i 

H T T otal n u m ber of platf or ms wit h heli p orts 

Fi g ure 6- 4. L ocati o n of Acti v e Platf or ms wit h Heli pa ds. 
6- 1 9

6. 1. 5 S u p p ort Vessels 

S u p p ort vessels i ncl u de cre w b oats t hat tra ns p ort w or kers t o an d fr o m w or k sites, s u p pl y 

vessels t hat carr y s u p plies t o of fs h ore sites, a n d t u gs a n d bar ges t hat tra ns p ort hea v y e q ui p me nt 

a n d s u p plies. E missi o ns ass ociate d wit h s u p p ort vessels are attri b ute d t o t he o perati o n of t he 

pri mar y diesel e n gi ne use d f or pr o p ulsi o n a n d ot he r s maller diesel e n gi nes t hat are use d t o r u n 

ge nerat ors or s mall cra nes a n d wi nc he s f or l oa di n g a n d u nl oa di n g t he vessels. 

Data c haracterizi n g t he s u p p or t vessel fleet f or 2 0 0 0 or 2 0 0 1 are n ot a vaila ble. T he 

n u m ber of s u p p ort vessels f or t he year 1 9 9 2 wa s o btai ne d fr o m t he G M A Q S ( U. S. D OI, M M S 

1 9 9 5). I n t he G M A Q S it was esti mate d t hat a p pr o xi matel y 3, 4 0 0 platf or ms were i n o perati o n (i n 

1 9 9 2). It s h o ul d be n ote d t hat t he 1 9 9 2 s u p p ort ve ssel s ur ve y ha d a res p o nse rate of 6 4 %, s uc h 

t hat act ual vessel n u m bers ma y be lar ger t ha n t h ose re p orte d i n t he st u d y. C urre ntl y, M M S 

esti mates t hat t he n u m ber of ac ti ve platf or ms i n 2 0 0 0 was 4, 0 0 3, a n i ncrease of a p pr o xi matel y 

1 7 % fr o m 1 9 9 2 ( U. S. D OI, M M S, 2 0 0 4). N ote t hat t his i ncrease d n u m ber of platf or ms is n ot 

relate d t o t he n u m ber of platf or ms t hat re p orte d i n t he G ulf wi de St u d y ( Wils o n et al. 2 0 0 4). It is 

base d o n t he M M S esti mates of acti ve platf or ms. It is ass u me d t hat as t he n u m ber of platf or ms 

i ncrease, t he s u p p ort vessel fleet i ncreases pro p orti o nall y. T heref or e, t he 1 9 9 2 s u p p ort vessel 

fleet was i ncrease d 1 7 % i n or der t o a p pr o xi mate t he size of t he s u p p ort vessel fleet i n 2 0 0 0/ 2 0 0 1. 

T he G M A Q S ass u me d t hat s u p p ort vessels o perat e 2 1 h o urs per da y; t his ass u m pti o n was als o 

use d i n t his st u d y. T he vessel p o p ulati o n esti mat e a n d t he a vera ge h o urs of o perati o n were use d 

t o calc ulate t he t otal a n n ual h o urs t hat s u p p ort vessels o perate. 

T he a m o u nt of ti me t hat eac h t y pe of s u p p ort vessel t y picall y s pe n ds i n eac h of t he 

o perati n g m o des (i.e., h oteli n g, ma ne u veri n g, a n d cr uisi n g), t he l oa d fact or ass ociate d wit h eac h 

o perati n g m o de, a n d t y pical e n gi ne h orse p o wer rati n g was ass u me d t o be t he sa me i n 2 0 0 0 a n d 

2 0 0 1 as was d oc u me nte d i n t he G M A Q S ( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5). T he o perati n g m o de ti mes, 

l oa d fact ors, a n d t y pical h orsep o wer rati n gs were a p plie d t o t he E P A mari ne diesel e n gi ne 

e q uati o ns t o o btai n re prese ntati ve e missi o n fa ct ors. T he E P A’s e missi o n fact or e q uati o n 

pr o vi des e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt- h o ur ( k W- hr), as n ote d i n t he e q uati o n bel o w:

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x were o btai ne d fr o m t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort. 

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, mo dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne a p plicati o ns. 

S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n t he f uel 
6- 2 0

s h o ul d be m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u m pti o n calc ulate d a b o ve, t o esti mate t he F uel S ulf ur Fl o w 

as n ote d bel o w: 

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w is t h us a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 

w here: 

A a n d B are di me nsi o nless c o nsta nts pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) 

re p ort. It s h o ul d be n ote d t hat t he A c oefficie nt f or t he s ulf ur e missi o n esti mate was 

c orrecte d i n t his st u d y t o 1. 9 9 8 ( w hic h is r o u n de d t o 2. 0 0), base d o n disc ussi o ns wit h 

E P A staff c o ncer ni n g t he c orrect val ue t hat s h o ul d be use d. 

T he s u p p ort vessel e missi o n fact ors use d i n t h e B N W A I n ve nt or y are n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 1 1. 

Ta ble 6- 1 1. S u p p ort Vess el E missi o n Fact ors. 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) 

E x p o ne nt 

( x) 

I nterce pt 

( B) 

C oefficie nt 

( A) k W k g/ hr l bs/ hr 

Bar ges 

N O 1 0. 7 6 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 2 2 9. 7 0 2. 4 7 5. 4 5 

S O * 1. 8 4 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 2 2 9. 7 0 0. 4 2 0. 9 3 

Cre w B oats 

N O 1 0. 6 1 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 3 5 7. 9 0 3. 8 0 8. 3 7 

S O * 1. 7 7 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 3 5 7. 9 0 0. 6 3 1. 4 0 

S u p pl y B oats 

N O 1 0. 7 6 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 4 9 6 0. 1 3 6 4 7. 3 0 6. 9 6 1 5. 3 5 

S O * 1. 8 4 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 6 4 7. 3 0 1. 1 9 2. 6 3 

T u g B oats 

N O 1 0. 7 6 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 1 6 6 5. 9 0 1 7. 9 3 3 9. 5 2 

S O * 1. 8 5 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 1 6 6 5. 9 0 3. 0 8 6. 7 8 

L oa d fact ors use d: bar ge = 0. 5 5; cre w = 0. 8 6 5; s u p pl y = 0. 5 5; t u g = 0. 5 4 4 5 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n 

 F or t his st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 

T hese e missi o n fact ors were a p plie d t o t he acti vit y data as n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 1 2 t o 

esti mate e missi o ns. It was ass u me d t hat t he vesse l t y pes ass ociate d wit h t he G ulf s u p p ort vessel 

fleet are si milar t o t he vessel t ypes t hat o perate i n t he vici nit y of t he B N W A. O perati n g h o urs 

were deri ve d fr o m s u p p ort vessels o perati n g h o urs esti mate d i n t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y ( Wils o n 

et al. 2 0 0 4). Usi n g GI S t o ols, acti vit y data f or o nl y t he lease bl oc ks a ss ociate d wit h t he B N W A 

were e xtracte d fr o m t he G ulf wi de I n ve nt or y data se t. I n t he G ulf wi de In ve nt or y, s u p p ort vessel 

acti vit y were disa g gre gate d i nt o plat f or m h oteli n g a n d u n der wa y acti vities. 
6- 2 1

Ta ble 6- 1 2. S u p p ort Vessel Acti vit y b y Vessel T y pe. 

Vessel T y pes 

Esti mate d N u m ber of 

Vessels 

Ass u me d H o urs of 

O perati o n ( hrs/ da y) 

T otal A n n ual H o urs 

of O perati o n 

Bar ges 3 2 1 2 2, 9 9 5 

Cre w B oats 1 0 2 1 7 6, 6 5 0 

S u p pl y B oats 3 6 2 1 2 7 5, 9 4 0 

T u gs 6 2 1 4 5, 9 9 0 

T otal 5 5 4 2 1, 5 7 5 

As n ote d earlier, it was ass u me d t hat 2 5 perce n t of e missi o ns are ass ociate d wit h h oteli n g 

o perati o ns at t he platf or m. Platf or m h oteli n g e missi o ns were assi g ne d e q uall y t o all acti ve 

platf or ms. U n der wa y s u p p ort vessel e missi o ns were s patiall y a p p orti o ne d base d o n t he l ocati o n 

of acti ve offs h ore platf or m a n d t he l ocati o n of t he cl osest p ort usin g t he e q uati o n bel o w: 

S Vi = ES V ( Sli/ Slt) 

w here: 

S Vi S u p p ort vessel e missi o ns ass o ciate d wit h lease bl oc k i 

S V T otal u n der wa y e missi o ns ass ociate d wit h s u p p ort vessels 

li = S u m of t he le n gt hs of all s u p p or t vessel fair wa ys wit hi n t he 

 b o u n daries of t he lease bl oc k i 

lt T otal s u m of all s u p p ort vessel fair wa ys i n t he Ce ntral a n d Wester n 

 areas of t he G O M 

O nl y t h ose s u p p ort vessel acti vities t hat o cc urre d wit hi n t he B N W A i n ve nt or y catc h me nt 

area were i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y of n o n- platf or m s o urces (see Fi g ure 6- 5). Act ual e missi o ns 

f or lease bl oc ks cl oser t o s h ore are pr o ba bl y o veresti mate d usi n g t he a b o ve met h o ds, as it is 

ass u me d t hat s u p p ort vessels o nl y tra vel bet wee n l ocal p orts a n d s pecific platf or ms. S u p p ort 

vessels ma y act uall y tra vel t o m ulti ple platf or ms bef ore ret ur ni n g t o p ort. At t his ti me, data are 

n ot rea dil y a vaila ble t o ma p act ual s u p p ort vessel r o utes. 

6. 1. 6 S ur ve y Vessels 

S ur ve y vessels are use d i n t he G ulf t o ma p ge ol o gic f or mati o ns a n d seis mic pr o perties. 

T hese s ur ve y ma p pi n g acti vities are nee de d t o e val uate p ote ntial oil reser ves i n t he G ulf. T he 

m ost c o m m o n s ur ve y tec h ni q ue uses blasts fr o m u n der water air g u ns. T he s o u n d wa ves fr o m t he 

air g u n blasts are deflecte d b y u n der gr o u n d ge ol o gic strata a n d detecte d b y s o u n d wa ve rece pt ors 

ass ociate d wit h t he s ur ve y vessel. T here are t w o t y pes of s ur ve ys t hat ca n be perf or me d: t w o 

di me nsi o n ( 2- D) a n d t hree di me nsi o n ( 3- D). 3- D s ur ve ys are t he d o mi na nt a n d preferre d 

e x pl orati o n tec h ni q ue i n t he G ulf, alt h o u g h q uite a fe w per mits were iss ue d d uri n g t he st u d y 

peri o d f or hi g h res ol uti o n 2- D s ur ve ys. M ost m o der n s ur ve y vessels t o w m ulti ple strea mers 

(s o u n d wa ve rece pti o n de vices) s uc h t hat f or e ver y li near mile tra vele d, t he y ac q uire data f or a 

s q uare mile of s u bs urface area ( Bri n k ma n 2 0 0 2a, 2 0 0 2 b). 
6- 2 2

Fi g ure 6- 5. L ocati o n of Acti ve Lease Bl oc ks a n d Ass ociate d S u p p ort Vessel Fair wa ys. 

S ur ve y vessel acti vit y was pr o vi de d b y t he O perati o n a n d A nal ysis Bra nc h of t he 

E n gi neeri n g a n d O perati o ns Di visi o n of M M S. S ur ve y acti vities re q uire a per mit fr o m M M S if 

t he s ur ve y is i nte n de d f or a bl oc k n ot c urre ntl y u n der lease. O perat or s d o n ot nee d t o n otif y 

M M S if t he y i nte n d t o s ur ve y bl oc ks t he y c urre n tl y lease, s uc h t hat t he s ur ve y vessel acti vit y 

use d i n t his re p ort u n deresti mates act ual acti vit y. D ue t o iss ues of c o nfi de ntialit y, i nf or mati o n 

a b o ut t he l ocati o n of per mitte d s ur ve ys c o ul d n ot be pr o vi de d ( Della giari n o 2 0 0 1). T he 

O perati o n a n d A nal ysis Bra nc h pr o vi de d s u m mar y per mit data f or s ur ve y acti vities i n t hese 

i nacti ve lease bl oc ks f or 2 0 0 0. It was ass u me d t hat acti vit y le vels f or 2 0 0 1 were si milar t o 2 0 0 0, 

t heref ore t he 2 0 0 0 data were use d t o a p pr o ximate 2 0 0 1 acti vit y. Gi ve n t he s mall n u m ber of 

i nacti ve lease bl oc ks i n t he st u d y area, t he err or ass ociate d wit h t h is ass u m pti o n is belie ve d t o be 

relati vel y s mall. 

T he t otal h o urs of s ur ve y acti vit y were esti mate d base d o n t he t otal n u m ber of miles 

s ur ve ye d f or 2- D s ur ve ys a n d t otal s urface area s ur ve ye d f or 3- D s ur ve ys. It was ass u me d t hat 

u n der wa y vessel s pee d f or b ot h 2- D a n d 3- D s u r ve ys is a p pr o xi matel y 5 M P H ( Bri n k ma n 

2 0 0 2 b). 

E missi o ns ass ociate d wit h s ur ve y vessels are pri maril y fr o m mari ne diesel e n gi nes use d 

f or pr o p ulsi o n a n d t o pr o vi de electricit y a n d c o m presse d air t o o perate t he s ur ve y e q ui p me nt. 
6- 2 3

E missi o ns were esti mate d b y a p pl yi n g t he acti vit y h o urs t o mari ne e n gi ne e missi o n fact ors. T he 

e missi o n fact ors use d f or t his s o urce cate g or y were base d o n e missi o n e q uati o ns i ncl u de d i n 

s u p p ort of t he E P A’s diesel mari ne vessel r ule ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 0). T he E P A’s e missi o n fact or 

e q uati o n uses o perati n g l oa d fact ors t o ge nerate e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt- h o ur ( k Whr), as n ote d i n t he e q uati o n bel o w:

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x were o btai ne d fr o m t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort. 

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, m o dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne 

a p plicati o ns. S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n 

t he f uel s h o ul d be m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u mpti o n calc ulate d a b o ve, t o esti mate t he F uel 

S ulf ur Fl o w as n ote d bel o w: 

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w is t h us a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 

w here: 

A a n d B are di me nsi o nless c o nsta nts pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) 

re p ort. It s h o ul d be n ote d t hat t he A c oefficie nt f or t he s ulf ur e missi o n esti mate was 

c orrecte d i n t his st u d y t o 1. 9 9 8 ( w hic h is r o u n de d t o 2. 0 0), base d o n disc ussi o ns wit h 

E P A staff c o ncer ni n g t he c orrect val ue t hat s h o ul d be use d. 

H orse p o wer a n d l oa di n g fact or ass u m pti o ns were o btai ne d fr o m t he G M A Q S ( U. S. D OI, 

M M S 1 9 9 5). T he s ur ve y vessel e missi o n fact ors use d i n t he B N W A st u d y are pr o vi de d i n 

Ta ble 6- 1 3 f or 2- D seis mic acti vities a n d Ta ble 6- 1 4 f or seis mic acti vities. 
6- 2 4

Ta ble 6- 1 3. E missi o n Fact ors f or S ur ve y Vessels - 2 D Seis mi c. 

E n gi nes 

O perati n g 

L oa d A v g. H P A v g. k W 

2 8 0 % 7 7 6. 0 0 5 7 8. 6 6 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) E x p o ne nt ( x) I nterce pt ( B) C oefficie nt ( A) K g/ hr l bs/ hr 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 6. 1 5 1 3. 5 5 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 1. 0 3 2. 2 7 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n 

 F or t his st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 

Ta ble 6- 1 4. E missi o n Fact ors f or S ur ve y Vessels - 3 D Seis mi c. 

E n gi nes 

O perati n g 

L oa d A v g. H P A v g. k W 

2 8 0 % 7 7 6 5 7 8. 6 6 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) E x p o ne nt ( x) I nterce pt ( B) C oefficie nt ( A) K g/ hr l bs/ hr 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 6. 1 5 1 3. 5 5 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 1. 0 3 2. 2 7 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n 

 F or t his st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 

H o urs of o perati o n were esti mate d b y a dj ust i n g t he G ulf wi de s ur ve y vessel h o urs of 

o perati o n ( Wils o n et al. 2 0 0 4) wit h t he a m o u nt of u nlease d lease bl oc ks ass ociate d wit h t he 

B N W A. T hese esti mates of s ur ve y vessel o pera ti o ns are s u m marize d i n Ta ble 6- 1 5. T he h o urs 

of o perati o n ha ve als o bee n a dj u ste d t o reflect t he fact t hat s ur ve y vessels te n d t o ha ve t w o 

e n gi nes f or pr o p ulsi o n. It s h o ul d al s o be n ote d t hat it is ass u me d t hat t he a m o u nt of 2- D a n d 3- D 

vessel traffic i n t he G ulf were ass u me d t o be pr o p orti o nal t o t he t y pe of s ur ve y vessel traffic i n 

t he B N W A. 

Ta ble 6- 1 5. Esti mate d H o urs of S u r ve y Vessel O perati o n i n t he B N W A. 

S ur ve y Vessel T y pe A n n ual H o urs of O perati o n 

2- D 5 4 9 

3- D 4 0 

T otal 5 8 9 

T he t otal h o urs of o perati o n were a p plie d t o t he E P A e missi o n fact or e q uati o n t o esti mate 

S O a n d N O e missi o ns f or t he i nacti ve lease bl oc ks. E missi o ns were all ocate d t o eac h i nacti ve 

bl oc k base d o n t he s urface area of t he lease bl oc k, as n ote d i n t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n. 
6- 2 5

Si = E ( Sii/ Sti) 

W here: 

Si = S ur ve y vessel e missi o ns ass ociate d wit h lease bl oc k i 

S T otal s ur ve y vessel e missi o ns 

ii = S urface area of i nacti ve lease bl oc k i 

ti T otal s urface area of all i nacti ve lease bl oc ks 

O nl y t h ose s ur ve y vessel acti vities t hat occ u rre d wit hi n t he B N W A St u d y catc h me nt area were 

i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y of n o n- platf or m s o urces as n ote d i n Fi g ure 6- 6. 

Fi g ure 6- 6. L ocati o n of U nlease d Bl oc ks. 

6. 2 N O N- O C S OI L A N D G A S P R O D U C TI O N R E L A T E D S O U R C E S 

N o n- O C S oil a n d gas pr o d ucti o n s o urces are vesse ls relate d t o fis hin g, s hi p pi n g of car g o 

a n d passe n gers, a n d militar y o perati o ns. 
6- 2 6

6. 2. 1 C o m merci al Fis hi n g 

T he G ulf is a n acti ve c o m mercial fis hi n g area , pr o vi di n g a wi de ra n ge of fis h a n d seaf o o d 

pr o d ucts. Detaile d c o m mercial fis hi n g data were o btai ne d fr o m t he Nati o nal Ocea nic & 

At m os p heric A d mi nistrati o n’s Na ti o nal Mari ne Fis heries Ser vice ( N M F S). Se parate acti vit y 

data were pr o vi de d f or t he t hree differe nt t y pes of of fs h ore fis hi n g acti vities t hat occ ur i n t he 

G ulf: pela gic l o n g li ne, reef, a n d s hri m p fis hi n g o perati o ns ( Cra mer 2 0 0 1, Pattela 2 0 0 1, 

P offe n ber ger, 2 0 0 1). T he acti vit y data f or t hese differe nt fis hi n g o perati o ns were pr o vi de d as 

latit u de a n d l o n git u de f or pela gic l o n g li ne fis hi n g o perati o ns a n d i n ter ms of N M F S’ statistical 

z o nes f or reef a n d s hri m p fis hi n g. T he ass ociate d acti vit y data were e xtra p olate d i n t o h o urs of 

o perti o n w hic h were a p plie d directl y t o e missi o n fact ors t o esti mate e missi o ns. 

E missi o ns ass ociate d wit h c o m mercial fis hi n g vessels are attri b ute d t o t he o perati o n of 

diesel e n gi nes use d f or pr o p ulsi o n a n d ot her s maller diesel e n gi nes t hat are use d t o r u n 

ge nerat ors or s mall cra nes a n d wi nc hes t o lift fis h nets a n d li nes o nt o t he vessel. T o esti mate 

e missi o ns fr o m o perati n g t hese diesel e n gi nes, t he E P A’s mari ne diesel e missi o n e q uati o n ( U. S. 

E P A 2 0 0 0) was use d. T his E P A’s e missi o n fact or e q uati o n uses o perati n g l oa d fact ors t o 

ge nerate e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt - h o ur ( k W- hr), as n ote d i n t he e q uati o n bel o w:

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x we re o btai ne d fr o m t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort 

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, m o dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne 

a p plicati o ns. S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n 

t he f uel s h o ul d be m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u mpti o n calc ulate d a b o ve, t o esti mate t he F uel 

S ulf ur Fl o w as n ote d bel o w: 

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w is t h us a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 

w here: 

A a n d B are di me nsi o nless c o ns ta nts pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort 

a n d n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 1 6 bel o w. 
6- 2 7

Ass u m pti o ns a b o ut fis hi n g vessel h orse p o wer a n d t y pical l oa d fact ors were pr o vi de d i n 

t he G M A Q S ( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5). T his i nf or mati o n was a p plie d t o t he E P A e missi o n fact or 

e q uati o n deri vi n g t he e missi o n fact or s t hat are n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 1 6. 

Ta ble 6- 1 6. C o m mercial Fis hi n g E missi o n Fact ors. 

P oll uta nt

E 

( g/ k W- hr) E x p o ne nt ( x)

I nterce pt 

( B)

C oefficie nt 

( A)

A vera ge 

k W rati n g k g/ hr l bs/ hr

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 2 2 3. 7 1 2. 3 8 5. 2 3

S O 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 2 2 3. 7 1 0. 4 0 0. 8 8

Ass u mi n g o perati n g l oa d is 8 0 % ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 0) 

Fr o m G M A Q S, diesel ra n ge fr o m 1 0 0 t o 5 0 0 h p a vera ge ass u me d t o be 3 0 0 h p = 2 2 3. 7 1 k W 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n. F or t his st u d y 

 t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 

T hese e missi o n fact ors were a p plie d t o t he h o urs of o perati o n pr o vi de d b y t he N M F S t o 

calc ulate e missi o ns f or t his s o urce cate g or y (see Ta bles 6- 1 7 a n d 6- 1 8). C o m mer cial fis hi n g 

l ocati o ns were als o pr o vi de d b y t he N M F S. Reef a n d s hri m p fis hi n g o perati o ns are deli neate d 

b y N M F S statistical z o nes. F or li ne fis hi n g o pe rati o ns, o perati n g h o urs were esti mate d base d o n 

t he ass u m pti o n t hat it ta kes a p pr o xi matel y 2 4 h o urs t o te n d eac h set. N M F S pr o vi de d latit u de 

a n d l o n git u de c o or di nates f or li ne fis hi n g o perati o ns. E missi o ns were s p atiall y all ocate d f or 

t hese t hree acti vities b y o verla yi n g a GI S pl ot of M M S lease bl oc ks o nt o t he N M F S data a n d 

e xtracte d t he data ass ociat e d wit h lease bl oc ks wit hi n 1 0 0 k m of t he B N W A. 

Ta ble 6- 1 7. C o m mercial Fis h i n g Vessel Acti vit y Data. 

N M F S O perati o ns ( h o urs) 

Z o ne S hri m p Reef 

1 0 6, 4 0 6. 2 6 1 8, 6 9 3. 4 0 

1 1 2 0, 8 5 3. 2 1 1 5, 7 7 2. 0 0 

1 2 1 0, 2 0 1. 3 0 2, 7 3 2. 0 0 

1 3 3 6, 8 6 9. 0 6 1 5, 5 1 4. 5 0 

T otal 7 4, 3 2 9. 8 2 5 2, 7 1 1. 9 0 
6- 2 8

Ta ble 6- 1 8. Li ne Fis hi n g Acti vit y Data. 

Latit u de L o n git u de Pr ojecti o n I D Bl oc k I D Sets 

O perati o ns 

( h o urs) 

2 8. 5 5 - 8 9. 2 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 4 1 0 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 5 - 8 9. 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 4 1 1 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 5 - 8 9. 1 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 4 1 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 7 - 8 9. 1 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 4 1 3 4 9 6 

2 8. 5 7 - 8 9. 4 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 6 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 3 - 8 9. 1 N H 1 6- 1 0 4 1 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 7 - 8 9. 0 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 4 1 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 8 - 8 9. 4 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 6 2 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 8 - 8 9. 3 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 6 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 2 - 8 9. 4 3 L A 9 A 9 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 8 - 8 9. 1 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 6 9 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 2 - 8 9. 3 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 0 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 - 8 9. 0 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 0 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 - 8 9. 0 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 1 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 - 8 9 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 2 3 7 2 

2 8. 5 8 - 8 8. 9 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 - 8 8. 8 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 2 - 8 8. 9 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 2 - 8 8. 8 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 5 - 8 9. 3 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 1 1 2 4 

2 8. 5 8 - 8 8. 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 6 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 2 - 8 8. 7 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 7 6 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 2 - 8 9. 1 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 5 - 8 9. 1 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 5 - 8 9. 0 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 6 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 7 - 8 9. 7 5 L A 8 A 1 3 9 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 3 - 8 9. 0 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 7 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 5 - 8 9. 0 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 7 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 3 - 8 9 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 8 2 4 8 

2 8. 6 2 - 8 8. 9 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 9 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 5 - 8 8. 9 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 2 9 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 3 - 8 8. 8 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 3 0 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 5 - 8 8. 8 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 3 1 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 3 - 8 8. 7 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 3 2 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 - 8 9. 2 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 7 9 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 3 - 8 8. 6 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 3 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 7 - 8 9. 1 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 8 2 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 8 - 8 8. 9 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 8 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 8 - 8 8. 9 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 8 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 - 8 8. 9 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 8 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 8 - 8 8. 8 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 8 7 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 - 8 8. 7 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 8 9 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 - 8 8. 7 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 8 9 1 2 4 
6- 2 9

Ta ble 6- 1 8. Li ne Fis hi n g Acti vit y Data ( C o nti n ue d). 

Latit u de L o n git u de Pr ojecti o n I D Bl oc k I D Sets 

O perati o ns 

( h o urs) 

2 8. 6 7 - 8 8. 6 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 9 1 1 2 4 

2 8. 6 8 - 8 8. 6 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 9 2 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 3 - 8 8. 9 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 0 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 2 - 8 8. 8 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 3 - 8 8. 8 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 3 - 8 8. 8 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 5 - 8 8. 8 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 3 - 8 8. 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 5 - 8 8. 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 5 - 8 9. 2 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 9 1 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 3 - 8 8. 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 6 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 8 - 8 8. 8 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 9 9 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 8 - 8 8. 7 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 0 0 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 8 - 8 8. 7 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 4 

2 8. 7 8 - 8 8. 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 0 2 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 2 - 8 8. 9 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 3 3 7 2 

2 8. 8 2 - 8 8. 9 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 2 - 8 8. 9 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 4 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 3 - 8 8. 8 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 3 - 8 8. 8 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 3 - 8 8. 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 6 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 - 8 8. 6 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 8 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 2 - 8 8. 6 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 8 2 4 8 

2 8. 8 2 - 8 8. 6 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 5 9 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 3 - 8 8. 5 3 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 6 1 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 3 - 8 8. 5 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 6 1 2 4 8 

2 8. 8 3 - 8 8. 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 6 2 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 5 - 8 8. 9 7 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 0 8 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 5 - 8 8. 9 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 5 - 8 8. 6 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 1 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 8 - 8 8. 6 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 1 5 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 8 - 8 8. 6 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 1 6 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 5 - 8 8. 4 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 1 8 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 5 - 8 8. 3 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 4 

2 8. 8 7 - 8 8. 3 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 1 2 1 2 4 8 

2 8. 9 2 - 8 8. 5 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 7 2 1 2 4 

2 8. 9 - 8 8. 5 2 N H 1 6- 1 0 7 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 9 - 8 8. 5 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 7 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 9 7 - 8 8. 7 8 N H 1 6- 1 0 2 4 1 2 4 

2 9. 0 2 - 8 9. 7 L A 8 6 3 1 2 4 

2 8. 9 5 - 8 8. 3 5 N H 1 6- 1 0 3 3 1 2 4 

2 9. 0 8 - 8 9. 8 5 L A 8 3 8 1 2 4 

2 9. 0 7 - 8 9. 7 5 L A 8 4 1 1 2 4 
6- 3 0

Ta ble 6- 1 8. Li ne Fis hi n g Acti vit y Data ( C o nti n ue d). 

Latit u de L o n git u de Pr ojecti o n I D Bl oc k I D Sets 

O perati o ns 

( h o urs) 

2 9. 0 8 - 8 8. 3 5 N H 1 6- 0 7 9 0 7 1 2 4 

2 9. 1 - 8 8. 2 5 N H 1 6- 0 7 9 0 9 1 2 4 

2 9. 1 3 - 8 8. 3 7 N H 1 6- 0 7 8 6 2 1 2 4 

2 9. 1 3 - 8 8. 2 8 N H 1 6- 0 7 8 6 4 2 4 8 

2 9. 1 3 - 8 8. 2 5 N H 1 6- 0 7 8 6 5 1 2 4 

2 9. 1 5 - 8 8. 2 2 N H 1 6- 0 7 8 6 5 1 2 4 

2 9. 1 7 - 8 8. 0 7 N H 1 6- 0 7 8 2 5 1 2 4 

2 9. 2 - 8 8. 0 5 N H 1 6- 0 7 7 8 1 1 2 4 

2 9. 2 8 - 8 8. 3 L A 1 0 A 2 7 8 1 2 4 

2 9. 3 5 - 8 8. 4 3 L A 1 0 A 2 6 8 1 2 4 

2 9. 3 5 - 8 8. 3 8 L A 1 0 A 2 6 7 1 2 4 

2 9. 3 5 - 8 8. 3 L A 1 0 A 2 6 5 1 2 4 

2 9. 3 8 - 8 8. 2 3 L A 1 0 A 2 4 4 1 2 4 

2 9. 3 7 - 8 8. 2 2 L A 1 0 A 2 4 5 1 2 4 

2 9. 3 7 - 8 8. 1 5 L A 1 0 A 2 4 6 1 2 4 

2 9. 3 8 - 8 8. 1 2 L A 1 0 A 2 4 7 1 2 4 

2 9. 3 8 - 8 8. 0 5 L A 1 0 A 2 4 8 4 9 6 

2 9. 4 2 - 8 8. 2 5 L A 1 0 A 2 2 9 1 2 4 

2 9. 9 5 - 8 7. 9 8 N H 1 6- 0 7 3 4 1 2 4 

T otal h o urs of o perati o n 2, 8 8 0 

Beca use t he l ocati o n of t he fis hi n g areas d oes n ot ge nerall y c ha n ge fr o m year t o year, it 

was c o nsi dere d reas o na ble t o ass u me t hat 2 0 0 1 ac ti vit y w o ul d be si milar t o 2 0 0 0 acti vit y. T h us, 

t he base year 2 0 0 0 e missi o ns t hat are a p p orti o ne d t o t he fi ve statistical z ones (i.e., z o nes 1 0, 1 1, 

1 2, 1 3, a n d 1 4) near t he B N W A wer e use d t o re prese nt 2 0 0 1 e missi o ns ( Fi g ure 6- 7). 

C o m mercial fis hi n g e missi o n esti mates f or reef a n d s hri m p fis hi n g o perati o ns were s patiall y 

all ocate d usi n g t he f oll o wi n g f or m ula: 

C Fi = EC Fz ( S/ SC Fz ) 

w here: 

C Fi = C o m mercial fis hi n g e mi ssi o ns f or lease bl oc k i 

C Fz C o m mercial fis hi n g e missi o ns f or N M F S area z 

i S urface area of lease bl oc k i 

C Fz = T otal s urface area of N M F S area z 

W here a lease bl oc k was i ncl u de d i n t w o N M F S areas, t he assi g n me nt was ma de 

pr o p orti o nal t o t he area of t he N M F S z o ne t hat t he lease bl oc k o cc u pie d. F or e xa m ple, lease 

bl oc k A B is s plit bet wee n N M F S z o nes 1 2 a n d 1 3. Se ve nt y fi ve perce nt of lease bl oc k A B is 

i ncl u de d i n z o ne 1 2 a n d 2 5 % of lease bl oc k A B is i n z o ne 1 3. I n t his e xa m ple, e missi o ns 
6- 3 1

ass ociate d wit h N M F S z o nes 1 2 a n d 1 3 w o ul d be s plit i n lease bl oc k A B, pr o p orti o nal t o t he area 

wit h w hic h eac h z o ne is ass ociate d. 

Li ne fis hi n g e missi o ns were as si g ne d t o i n di vi d ual lease bl ocks base d o n t he latit u de a n d 

l o n git u de c o or di nates pr o vi de d b y N M F S a n d t he esti mate d h o urs of o perati o n. 

Fi g ure 6- 7. N M F S Fis hi n g Z o nes wit h Lease Bl oc ks. 

Wit h re gar d t o recreati o nal fis hi n g, it was deci de d t hat t he maj orit y of recreati o nal fis hi n g 

occ urs wit hi n state waters, a n d t heref ore t his s o urce cate g or y was n ot i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y. 

It is rec o g nize d t hat s o me s mall p orti o n of recreati o nal fis hi n g occ urs near platf or ms t hat are n ot 

i n state waters. U nf ort u natel y, data c o ul d n ot be i de ntifie d t o q ua ntif y recreati o nal fis hi n g near 

oil platf or ms. 

6. 2. 2 C o m merci al M ari ne Vessels 

C o m mercial mari ne vessels ( C M Vs) are i n v ol ve d i n tra ns p orti n g a wi de ra n ge of 

a gric ult ural, ma n ufact ur i n g, a n d c he mical pr o d ucts t hr o u g h t he G ulf. C M Vs te n d t o be p o were d 

b y eit her diesel e n gi nes t hat c o m b ust diesel or resi d ual oil f uels or stea m s hi ps t hat b ur n resi d ual 

f uel. T h o u g h s o me e missi o ns ma y occ ur d ue t o e va p orati ve l osses of v olat ile c he mical pr o d ucts, 

m ost of t he e missi o ns ass ociate d wit h C M Vs are fr o m t he c o m b usti o n of t he f uels use d t o pr o pel 

t he vessels. 
6- 3 2

C M V e missi o n esti mates f or diesel a n d resi d ual p o were d vessels we re de vel o pe d usi n g 

t o n- milea ge e missi o n fact ors t he E P A’s Nati o nal E missi o n I n ve nt or y ( N EI) data base ( U. S. E P A 

2 0 0 3) s h o w n i n Ta ble 6- 1 9, a n d s hi p-la ne acti vit y data o btai ne d fr o m t he Ar m y C or ps of 

E n gi neers. Stea ms hi p e missi o n esti mates were al s o e xtra p olate d fr o m t he E P A’s N EI ( U. S. E P A 

2 0 0 3). N ote, t he a p pr oac h use d t o de vel o p t he C M V e missi o n fact ors acc o u nts f or t he relati ve 

size of t he diesel a n d resi d ual fleets, a n d all o ws f or a p plicati o n of t he e missi o n fact ors t o t he t otal 

t o n- mile data re p orte d b y t he Ar m y C or ps of E n gi neers. T he B N W A st u d y area i ncl u des se veral 

si g nifica nt s hi p pi n g la nes t hat ori gi nate at t he Mississi p pi Ri ver a n d hea d east t o war d t he 

Atla ntic, s o ut h t o Ce ntral A merica, a n d west t o wa r d C or p us C hristi. T he s hi p pi n g la nes i ncl u de d 

i n t he B N W A acc o u nt f or a p pr o xi matel y 4 0 % (i.e, 1. 4 5 x 1 0 t o n- miles) of t he s hi p traffic i n t he 

Fe deral waters of t he Ce ntral a n d Wester n p orti o ns of t he G O M. E missi o ns were a p p orti o ne d t o 

i n di vi d ual lease bl oc ks b y map pi n g t he GI S s hi p pi n g data set o nt o M M S lease bl oc k s ha pe files 

a n d a p p orti o ni n g e missi o ns base d o n t he t o n mile a ge of eac h li n k. E missi o ns ass ociate d f or 

i n di vi d ual li n ks wit hi n a lease bloc k were s u m me d t o esti mate t otal e missi o ns f or t he lease bl oc k. 

Ta ble 6- 1 9. Car g o Traffic E missi o n Fact ors f or C o m mer cial Mari ne Vessels. 

E missi o n Fact or 

( g/t o n- na utical mile) * 

P oll uta nt N O S O * * 

Diesel P o were d Vessels 0. 4 7 2 7 0. 0 7 9 2 

Resi d ual F uele d Vessels 0. 0 1 2 1 0. 0 0 9 0 

* T he e missi o n fact ors are wei g hte d f or t otal gr oss t o n milea ge as s uc h data 

 are ge nerall y n ot disa g gre gate d b y vessel f uel t y pe 

* * F or t his st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n f or diesel p o were d vessels was ass u me d 

 t o be 0. 4 %, a n d f or resi d ual p o were d vessels was ass u me d t o be 2. 7 % 

O nl y t h ose c o m mercial mari ne vessel s hi p pi n g la nes t hat are l ocate d wit hi n t he B N W A 

i n ve nt or y catc h me nt area were i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y of n o n- platf or m s o urces. T hese 

s hi p pi n g la nes are n ote d i n Fi g ure 6- 8. 

6. 2. 3 Milit ar y Vessel O per ati o ns 

T he U. S. Na v y a n d C oast G uar d fre q ue ntl y patr ol a n d ha ve ma ne u vers i n t he G ulf. T he 

U. S. militar y vessel fleet c o nsists of vessels p o were d b y a variet y of e n gi nes i ncl u di n g ol der 

resi d ual f uele d stea m t ur bi nes, mari ne diesel e n gi nes, a n d hi g h s pee d diesel t ur bi nes. 

C o ntacts were ma de wit h t he Na v y t o o btai n ac ti vit y data necessar y t o esti mate vessel 

e missi o ns. Des pite t hese re peate d data re q ue sts a n d pr o mises b y t he Na v y t o pr o vi de t he 

re q uire d data, n o data were e ver s u b mitte d. T heref ore, t he data t he Na v y pr o vi de d f or t he 

G M A Q S ( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5) were use d i n t his i n ve nt or y. It was ass u me d t hat na val vessel 

acti vit y re mai ne d c o nsta nt d uri n g t his peri o d a n d n o a dj ust me nts were ma de t o t he acti vit y data. 

H o urs of o perati o n f or eac h vessel were ass u me d t o be 2 4 h o urs per da y, 3 6 5 da ys per year. 
6- 3 3

Fi g ure 6- 8. C o m mercial Mari ne Vessel S hi p pi n g La nes a n d Lease Bl oc ks. 

Na v y vessel e missi o n esti mates were de vel o pe d f or mari ne diesel e n gi nes usi n g t he E P A 

mari ne diesel e q uati o ns. T he E P A’s e missi o n fact or e q uati o n uses o perati n g l oa d fact ors a n d 

vessel h orse p o wer rati n g t o ge ne rate e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt- h o ur ( k W- hr), as n ote d 

i n t he e q uati o n bel o w. A l oa d fact or of 8 0 % was ass u me d a n d e n gi ne h orse p o wer f or eac h 

vessel was o btai ne d i n t he G M A Q S ( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5).

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x were o btai ne d fr o m t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort. 

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, m o dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne 

a p plicati o ns. S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n 

t he f uel s h o ul d be m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u mpti o n calc ulate d a b o ve, t o esti mate t he F uel 

S ulf ur Fl o w as n ote d bel o w: 
6- 3 4

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w is t h us a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 

w here: 

A a n d B are di me nsi o nless c o ns ta nts pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort 

a n d are n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 2 0. 

T he diesel Na val e missi o n fact ors use d i n t he Bret o n I n ve nt or y are n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 2 0. 

Ta ble 6- 2 0. Diesel Na va l Vessel E missi o n Fact ors. 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) 

E x p o ne nt 

( x) 

I nterce pt 

( B) 

C oefficie nt 

( A) 

A v g k W 

rati n g K g/ hr l bs/ hr 

Na val Vessel: M S O 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 4 2 8. 7 8 4. 5 6 1 0. 0 4 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 4 2 8. 7 8 0. 7 6 1. 6 8 

Na val Vessel: M C M 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 1 0. 4 4 9 6 0. 1 2 5 5 4 4 7. 4 4. 7 5 1 0. 4 8 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0 1. 9 9 8 4 4 7. 4 0. 8 0 1. 7 6 

Na val Vessel: P H M 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 1 0. 4 4 9 6 0. 1 2 5 5 5 9 6. 6 6. 3 4 1 3. 9 7 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0 1. 9 9 8 5 9 6. 6 1. 0 6 2. 3 4 

Na val Vessel: T A G 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 1, 0 4 3. 9 8 1 1. 0 9 2 4. 4 5 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 1, 0 4 3. 9 8 1. 8 6 4. 1 0 

Na val Vessel: T A G S( 5 0) 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 1, 8 6 4. 2 5 1 9. 8 1 4 3. 6 7 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 1, 8 6 4. 2 5 3. 3 2 7. 3 2 

Na val Vessel: L S D 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 7, 6 4 3. 4 3 8 1. 2 1 1 7 9. 0 4 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 7, 6 4 3. 4 3 1 3. 6 1 3 0. 0 1 

Na val Vessel: T A G S( 4 0) 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 8, 9 4 8. 4 0 9 5. 0 8 2 0 9. 6 1 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 8, 9 4 8. 4 0 1 5. 9 4 3 5. 1 3 
6- 3 5

Ta ble 6- 2 0. Diesel Na val Vesse l E missi o n Fact ors ( C o nti n ue d). 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) 

E x p o ne nt 

( x) 

I nterce pt 

( B) 

C oefficie nt 

( A) 

A v g k W 

rati n g K g/ hr l bs/ hr 

Na val Vessel: T A K(II) 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 1 0, 0 6 6. 9 5 1 0 6. 9 6 2 3 5. 8 1 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 1 0, 0 6 6. 9 5 1 7. 9 3 3 9. 5 2 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n. F or t his 

 st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 

Stea ms hi p a n d diesel t ur bi ne e n gi ne ve ssel e missi o n esti mates were deter mi ne d 

differe ntl y. F uel c o ns u m pti o n data f or t hese vessel t y pes were s u p plie d b y t he Na v y i n t he 

G M A Q S ( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5). E missi o ns fact ors f or resi d ual oil-f uele d stea ms hi p vessels 

were o btai ne d fr o m t he E P A’s D oc u me nt ati o n f or Aircr aft, C o m merci al M ari ne Vessel, 

L oc o m otive, a n d ot her N o nr o a d C o m p o ne nts of t he N ati o n al E missi o n I nve nt ory ( U. S. E P A 

2 0 0 3). F or t ur bi ne- p o were d vessels, u p date d e mi ssi o n fact ors were o btai ne d fr o m t he E P A’s 

A P- 4 2 ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2). T hese f uel base d e missio n fact ors f or resi d ual f uel stea ms hi ps a n d 

vessels e q ui p pe d wit h diesel t ur bi n e e n gi nes are n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 2 1. 

Ta ble 6- 2 1. Stea ms hi p E missi o n Fact ors. 

E missi o n Fact or 

(l bs/ 1 0 0 0 L) P oll uta nt Resi d ual f uele d 

stea ms hi p Diesel T ur bi ne 

N O 1 4. 3 8 3 2. 1 9 

S O 8 5. 9 0 1 4. 7 8 

S o urce: U. S. E P A 2 0 0 3 

T he C oast G uar d pr o vi de d data t hat i ncl u de d t h e n u m ber of vessels o p erati n g i n t he G ulf, 

t he t y pe of vessel, t he n u m ber of e n gi nes, an d h orse p o wer of eac h e n gi ne, t he t otal n u m ber of 

o perati n g h o urs f or eac h, a n d t he perce nta ge of ti me eac h vessel s pe nt i n t he O C S ( Mc Clella n 

2 0 0 2, Pesc h ke 2 0 0 2, T h o mas 2 0 0 1). Fr o m t his da ta, t he t otal n u m ber of o perati n g h o urs was 

calc ulate d f or eac h t y pe of b oat. 

T o esti mate e missi o ns fr o m t he mari ne diesel e n gi nes, t he E P A’s mari ne diesel e n gi ne 

e missi o n fact or e q uati o ns were use d. T his e missi o n fact or e q uati o n uses o pe rati n g l oa d fact ors t o 

ge nerate e missi o n fact ors i n ter ms of kil o watt - h o ur ( k W- hr), as n ote d i n t he e q uati o n bel o w:

E ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( L oa d Fact ors) – x + B 

w here: 

E is t he p o wer- base d e missi o n fact or; 
6- 3 6

C o nsta nt A, i nterce pt B, a n d e x p o ne nt x were o btai ne d fr o m t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort. 

F or S O 2, it is necessar y t o first calc ulate F uel C o ns u m pti o n usi n g t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n: 

F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/(fracti o nal l oa d) + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 

It is ass u me d t hat diesel f uel, mo dele d after distillate f uel oil # 2, is use d i n mari ne a p plicati o ns. 

S uc h f uel is ass u me d t o ha ve a s ulf ur c o nte nt of 0. 4 %. T his perce nta ge of s ulf ur i n t he f uel was 

m ulti plie d b y t he F uel C o ns u m pti o n calc ulate d a b o ve , t o esti mate t he F uel S ulf ur Fl o w as n ote d 

bel o w: 

F uel S ulf ur Fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = F uel C o ns u m pti o n ( g/ k W- hr) 0. 0 0 4 

T he f uel s ulf ur fl o w was a p plie d t o t he f oll o wi n g e q uati o n t o o btai n a S O e missi o n rate: 

S O E missi o n Rate ( g/ k W- hr) = A ( F uel S ulf ur Fl o w i n g/ k W- hr) + B 

w here: 

A a n d B are di me nsi o nless c o ns ta nts pr o vi de d i n Ta ble 5- 1 of t he U. S. E P A ( 2 0 0 0) re p ort 

a n d i ncl u de d i n Ta ble 6- 2 2. 

Ass u mi n g a l oa d fact or of 8 0 %, a n d usi n g t h e pr o vi de d h orse p o wer data, e missi o n fact ors 

were deri ve d usi n g t he a b o ve e q uati o ns; t hes e e missi o n fact ors are n ote d i n Ta ble 6- 2 2. 

E missi o ns fr o m eac h vessel t y pe were calc ulate d a n d t otale d t o esti mate e missi o ns f or all C oast 

G uar d vessels o perati n g i n t he G ulf. 

Ta ble 6- 2 2. E missi o n Fact ors f or C oast G uar d Vessels. 

P oll uta nt 

E 

( g/ k W- hr) 

E x p o ne nt 

( x) 

I nterce pt 

( B) 

C oefficie nt 

( A) 

A v g k w 

rati n g K g/ hr l bs/ hr 

8 7- F o ot C oast G uar d Vessels 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 1, 0 9 9. 9 1 1 1. 6 9 2 5. 7 6 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 1, 0 9 9. 9 1 1. 9 6 4. 3 2 

1 1 0- F o ot C oast G uar d Vessels 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 5, 0 7 0. 7 6 5 3. 8 8 1 1 8. 7 8 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 5, 0 7 0. 7 6 9. 0 3 1 9. 9 1 

1 7 5- F o ot C oast G uar d Vessels 

N O 1 0. 6 2 1. 5 0 1 0. 4 5 0. 1 3 1, 2 6 7. 6 9 1 3. 4 7 2 9. 6 9 

S O * 1. 7 8 N/ A 0. 0 0 2. 0 0 1, 2 6 7. 6 9 2. 2 6 4. 9 8 

* F or S O f uel s ulf ur fl o w ( g/ k W- hr) = 1 4. 1 2/fracti o nal l oa d + 2 0 5. 7 1 7 f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n. F or 

 t his st u d y t he f uel s ulf ur c o nce ntrati o n was ass u me d t o be 0. 4 % 
6- 3 7

It is ass u me d t hat t he c o m p ositi o n of t he C oast G uar d’s G ulf fleet a n d o perati o ns ha ve 

n ot si g nifica ntl y c ha n ge d i n 2 0 0 1; t heref ore t he 2 0 0 0 esti mates were use d t o re prese nt 2 0 0 1 

acti vit y. 

All militar y acti vit y data a n d e missi o ns were esti mate d G ulf wi de, a n d were all ocate d 

e q uall y t hr o u g h o ut t he Fe deral waters of t he G ulf ( Easter n, Ce ntral a n d Wester n G ulf areas), as 

n ote d i n t he e q uati o n bel o w. T h is all ocati o n was ma de base d o n t he s urface area of t he lease 

bl oc ks. 

M Vi = EM V ( S/ ST N G ) 

w here: 

M Vi Militar y vessel e missi o ns a ss ociate d wit h lease bl oc k i 

M V T otal militar y vessel e missi o ns f or t otal N ort her n G ulf area 

i S urface area of lease bl oc k i 

T N G S urface area of t otal N ort her n G ulf lease bl oc ks 

O nl y t h ose militar y vessel acti vities t hat occ urr e d wit hi n t he B N W A St u d y catc h me nt area were 

i ncl u de d i n t his i n ve nt or y. 
7- 1

7. R E S U L T S 

7. 1 S U M M A R Y O F S T U D Y A P P R O A C H 

M M S’ D at a Q u ality C o ntr ol a n d E missi o ns I nve nt ories of O C S Oil a n d G as Pr o d ucti o n 

Activities i n t he Bret o n Are a of t he G ulf of Mexic o re q uire d a n e xte nsi ve i n ve nt or y de vel o p me nt 

eff ort. T he st u d y i ncl u des all oil a n d gas pr o d uc ti o n platf or ms a n d n o n- platf or m s o urces wit hi n 

1 0 0 k m of t he B N W A. P oll uta nts c o vere d i n t he i n ve nt or y are S O a n d N O . 

M M S atte m pte d t o c ollect acti vit y data fr o m eac h a n d e ver y acti ve offs h ore oil 

pr o d ucti o n platf or m i n t he vici nit y of t he B N W A. O perat ors were pr o vi de d wit h t he B O A D S 

Vis ual Basic acti vit y data c o llecti o n s oft ware f or c o m pili n g m o nt hl y data fr o m A u g ust 2 0 0 0 

t hr o u g h Se pte m ber 2 0 0 1. Nearl y 6 0 0 oil a n d gas pr o d ucti o n platf or ms s u b mitte d m o nt hl y 

e q ui p me nt acti vit y data files. T he platf or m e q ui p me nt s ur ve ye d i ncl u des: 

A mi ne u nits; 

B oilers/ heaters/ b ur ners; 

Diesel e n gi nes; 

Drilli n g e q ui p me nt; 

Flares; 

Nat ural gas e n gi nes; a n d 

Nat ural gas t ur bi nes. 

N o n- platf or m s o urces c o vere d i n t he i n ve nt or y are: 

C o m mercial fis hi n g; 

C o m mercial mari ne vessels; 

Drilli n g ri gs; 

Militar y vessel o perati o ns; 

Pi pela yi n g o perati o ns; 

Platf or m c o nstr ucti o n a n d re m o val vessels; 

S u p p ort helic o pters; 

S u p p ort vessels; a n d 

S ur ve y vessels. 

Ri g or o us Q C was perf or me d o n t he acti vit y da ta c ollecte d fr o m platf or m o perat ors. 

Tas ks were i m ple me nte d t o c orrect t he n u m ber of o perati n g h o urs pr o vi de d f or a gi ve n m o nt h, 

fill i n missi n g m o nt hl y o perati n g data (if e q ui p me nt was o perati o nal), verif y a n d c orrect acti vit y 

val ues s uc h as f uel heati n g val ue, ma ke s ure t hat t he e q ui p me nt s h o w n t o be flare d i ncl u de d a 

flare I D a n d acti vit y rec or d, fill i n missi n g stac k para meters wit h s urr o gates, a n d d o u ble c hec k 

e xit vel ocit y a n d f uel usa ge t otals b y recalc ulati n g t he para meters. T he m o nt hl y acti vit y data 

c ollecte d fr o m t he platf or m o perat ors were t he n c o m bi ne d wit h e missi o n fact ors a n d al g orit h ms 

t o de vel o p t he platf or m e missi o n esti mates. 
7- 2

I n ve nt or y data files were c o m pile d wit h t he oil a n d gas pr o d ucti o n platf or m data, s uita ble 

f or use i n air q ualit y m o deli n g a p plicati o ns. I n a d diti o n t o m o nt hl y e missi o n esti mates b y 

p oll uta nt a n d i n di vi d ual piece of e q ui p me nt, t h e files i ncl u de t he c o m pa n y, str uct ure, a n d 

c o m ple x I D, lease n u m ber, bl oc k a n d area n u m be r, a n d latit u de/l o n git u de. F or eac h piece of 

e q ui p me nt, stac k para meter i nf or mati o n s uc h as o utlet hei g ht, e xit vel ocit y, a n d e xit te m perat ure 

is als o prese nte d. 

E R G als o c o m pile d acti vit y data a n d de vel o pe d e missi o n esti mates f or n o n- platf or m 

s o urces wit hi n t he vici nit y of t he B N W A. F or t he m ost part, t he e missi o n fact ors use d t o 

calc ulate t he e missi o ns fr o m all of t he e n gi nes f or t hese s o urces were o btai ne d fr o m t he E P A’s 

O T A Q i n A n n Ar b or, Mic hi ga n. O T A Q p u blis he d t he e missi o n e q uati o ns al o n g wit h t heir 

Diesel Mari ne Vessel R ule i n 2 0 0 2. T he res ul ti n g e missi o n esti mates are disa g gre gate d t o M M S 

lease bl oc ks. 

7. 2 P R E S E N TI O N O F A N N U A L E MI S SI O N E S TI M A T E S 

T he platf or m a n d n o n- platf or m e missi o n esti ma tes are prese nte d i n Ta bles 7- 1 t hr o u g h 

7- 3. Ta ble 7- 1 s u m marizes t he t otal platf or m e missi o n esti mates, Ta ble 7- 2 s u m marizes t he t otal 

n o n- platf or m e missi o n esti mates, a n d Ta ble 7- 3 prese nts t he c o m bi ne d platf or m a n d n o nplatf or m esti mates. 

7. 3 LI MI T A TI O N S 

As wit h t he de vel o p me nt of a n y i n ve nt or y of acti vit y data or e missi o n esti mates, t he 

acc urac y ca n var y c o nsi dera bl y de pe n di n g u p o n t he acc urac y of t he acti vit y data o btai ne d a n d 

t he e missi o n fact ors use d. T he ke y li mitati o n a n d s o urce of u ncertai nt y ass ociate d wit h O C S 

oil/ gas pr o d ucti o n platf or m i n ve nt or y eff ort pertai ns t o platf or m o w ners hi p c ha n ges t hat ma ke it 

diffic ult t o trac k m o nt h-t o- m o nt h c o m plete ness. At t he e q ui p me nt le vel, t here is n o wa y of 

k n o wi n g h o w well t he o perat ors u n derst o o d w hat acti v it y data were bei n g re q ueste d. T his lac k 

of u n dersta n di n g is partic ularl y of c o ncer n f or flares. T he e missi o n esti mates f or flares are 

directl y de pe n de nt u p o n t he acc urac y of t he acti vit y data pr o vi de d b y t he o perat ors. W hile t his is 

tr ue f or all of t he e q ui p me nt i n t his i n vent or y, t here is a hi g he r c ha nce of o perat ors 

misi nter preti n g t he data re q ueste d f or flares. 

I n a d diti o n, s o me e missi o n esti mates were de vel o pe d base d o n t he use of s urr o gates if t he 

act ual data nee de d t o esti mate e missi o ns were n ot pr o vi de d directl y. T his i ntr o d uces u ncertai nt y 

beca use t he data ma y ha ve bee n o mitte d i nte nti o nall y b y t he o perat or, b ut e xtra ne o us data were 

pr o vi de d t hat s h o ul d ha ve bee n o mitte d as well. U ncertai nt y is i ntr o d uce d w he n t he s ur ve y 

res p o n de nt lac ks a n u n dersta n di n g of t he data re q uest or i nc orrectl y i nter prets t he data re q uest, 

a n d w he n c o nflicti n g s ur ve y data are re vie we d a n d a dj uste d f or use i n de vel o pi n g e missi o n 

esti mates. T y p o gra p hical data e ntr y err ors als o pr o ba bl y occ urre d i n t he m o nt hl y acti vit y data 

t hat were n ot i de ntifie d d uri n g t he Q A/ Q C pr ocess. 

T his pr oject i ncl u de d t he de vel o p me nt of t w o s oft ware pr o gra ms; t he B O A D S s oft ware 

t o gat her O C S oil a n d gas pr o d ucti o n platf or m acti vit y data, a n d t he D B M S s oft ware t o calc ulate 

air e missi o ns base d o n t his acti vit y data a n d c urre n t e missi o n fact ors. I n a rece nt re vie w of t he 
7- 3

draft G O A D S 2 0 0 0 i n ve nt or y ( Wils o n et al. 2 0 0 4), a discre pa nc y was n otice d bet wee n re p orte d 

B O A D S a n d G O A D S ve nti n g a n d flari n g acti vit y da ta a n d t he ve nte d a n d flare d gas v ol u mes 

re p orte d o n t he Oil a n d Gas O perati o ns Rep ort ( O G O R), F or m M M S- 4 0 5 4. Base d o n a n 

e xte nsi ve q ualit y c o ntr ol of rec or ds f or se veral platf or ms, t he B O A D S s oft ware use d t o c ollect 

acti vit y data was a dj uste d t o i m pr o ve flari n g a n d ve nti n g v ol u me esti mates i n t he B O A D S 

i n ve nt or y. T he a dj ust me nts t o t he s oft ware res ulte d i n c o nsi dera bl y m ore acc urate acc o u nti n g of 

flari n g a n d ve nti n g v ol u mes, a n d v ol u mes cl oser t o t he O G O R val ues. T he e missi o ns fr o m t hese 

s o urces i n t he B O A D S i n ve nt or y ma y still be hig her t ha n act ual val ues , h o we ver. M M S has 

ma de se veral m o dificati o ns t o t he G O A D S s oft ware t o re d uce t hese err ors i n t he f ut ure. T he 

s oft ware has bee n m o difi e d t o si m plif y t he data re q ueste d eac h m o nt h t o o nl y t he e q ui p me nt 

varia bles t hat c ha n ge m o nt hl y. T his will re d uce data e ntr y v ol u me, pr ocessi n g ti me, a n d t he 

li keli h o o d of data e ntr y err ors. 

T he esti mates f or s o me n o n- platf or m s o urce cat e g ories s uc h as s u p p ort vessels a n d na val 

o perati o ns were base d o n a dj ust me nts ma de t o ac ti vit y data t hat were i ncl u de d i n t he G M A Q S 

( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5). M uc h of t he n o n- platf or m acti vit y data use d i n t he 1 9 9 5 st u d y were 

deri ve d fr o m a 1 9 9 2 S ur ve y of Offs h ore O per at ors u n derta ke n b y t he Offs h ore O perat ors 

C o m mittee ( O O C). T his 1 9 9 2 re p ort c o ntai ns usef ul i nf or mati o n, a n d it w o ul d ha ve bee n hel pf ul 

if a si milar st u d y c o ul d ha ve bee n perf or me d f or t his 2 0 0 0- 2 0 0 1 i n ve nt or y eff ort. 

I n a d diti o n, m ost of t he n o n- platf or m s o urces are p o were d b y mari ne diesel e n gi nes. I n 

t his st u d y, mari ne diesel e missi o n fact ors were de vel o pe d usi n g rece nt E P A e missi o n e q uati o ns 

deri ve d fr o m a lar ge n u m ber of “i n use” vessel test data. T hese e missi o n e q uati o ns re q uire 

h orse p o wer a n d o perati n g l oa d fact or s. T y pical h orse p o wer a n d l oa d fact ors were o btai ne d fr o m 

t he G M A Q S ( U. S. D OI, M M S 1 9 9 5). T hese val ues are a vera ges, s uc h t hat act ual e missi o ns 

fr o m s pecific vessels ma y be si g nifica ntl y differe nt. T hese a vera ges le n d u ncertai nt y t o t he 

esti mates f or drill s hi ps a n d pi pela yi n g o perati o ns, a m o n g ot hers. It s h o ul d als o be n ote d t hat t he 

acti vit y data use d t o esti mate e missi o ns fr o m s ur ve y vessels were o nl y f or s ur ve ys i m ple me nte d 

at n o n-acti ve lease bl oc ks. S ur ve y acti vit y f or acti ve lease bl oc ks is c o nsi dere d c o nfi de ntial a n d 

n ot trac ke d b y M M S; t heref ore act u al B N W A s ur ve y vessel acti vit y will be lar ger t ha n t he 

acti vit y q ua ntifie d i n t his i n ve nt or y. 

7. 4 R E C O M M E N D A TI O N S 

Base d o n t he li mitati o ns disc usse d a b o ve, rec o m me n dati o ns f or f ut ure i n ve nt or y eff orts 

f or platf or m s o urces i n vici nit y of t he B N W A f oc us o n t he data gat heri n g t o ols use d. T he 

u ncertai nt y ass ociate d wit h t he flare e missi o n esti mates is d ue t o t he i nter pretati o n of t he data 

re q ueste d b y t he o perat ors as well as t he pre- pr ocessi n g ste ps a p plie d pri or t o de vel o p me nt of t he 

e missi o n esti mates. Pla ns are alrea d y i n place t o i m pr o ve t he data c ollecti o n s oft ware f or t his 

e q ui p me nt t y pe. I n a d diti o n, a n o verall i m pr o ve me nt will be ma de t o t he s oft ware t o si m plif y 

t he data re q ueste d eac h m o nt h t o o nl y t he e q ui p me nt varia bles t hat c ha n ge m o nt hl y. T his will 

re d uce data e ntr y v ol u me, pr ocessi n g ti me, a n d t he li keli h o o d of data e ntr y err ors. 

I m pr o ve me nts i n t he data c ollecti o n s oft ware, c o nti n ue d o perat or ed ucati o n a n d trai ni n g, 

use of t he M M S we b site t o p ost Fre q ue ntl y As ke d Q uesti o ns ( F A Qs), a n d i ncrease d eff orts t o 
7- 4

i de ntif y c o m pa nies t hat nee d t o res p o n d t o t he data re q uest will re d uce m uc h of t he u ncertai nt y 

ass ociate d wit h f ut ure i n ve nt or y eff orts. 

F or n o n- platf or m s o urces, t he f oll o wi n g rec o m me n dati o ns are pr o vi de d t o i m pr o ve t he 

acc urac y of t he e missi o n esti mates or e n ha nce t he s patial all ocati o n of t he esti mates. T hese 

s u g gesti o ns are pr o vi de d b y s o urce cate g or y i n order of si g nifica nce relati ve t o t otal e missi o ns. 

I m ple me nt ati o n of S u p p ort Vessels S ur ve y - I m ple me ntati o n of a s ur ve y of mari ne 

vessels s u p p orti n g offs h ore oil platf or ms ca n pr o vi de i m p orta nt data t hat w o ul d all o w 

f or t he de vel o p me nt of a m ore acc urate esti mate of e missi o ns fr o m t hese vessels. 

T his s u p p ort vessel s ur ve y c o ul d c ollect detaile d i nf or mati o n a b o ut vessel size, 

h orse p o wer rati n g, a n d t y pical o perati n g l oa ds, as well as a n n ual, seas o nal, a n d dail y 

acti vit y. T his i nf or mati o n c o ul d be use d t o u p date t he O O C’s s ur ve y perf or me d i n 

1 9 9 2 f or t he G M A Q S. T he ne w s ur ve y vessel i n ve nt or y c o ul d be use d t o de vel o p 

e missi o n esti mates i n ter ms t hat ca n be rea dil y a p plie d t o state- of-the-art GI S t o ols t o 

s patiall y all ocate e missi o ns wit h greater acc urac y. 

De vel o p me nt of Drill S hi p D at a b ase - C urre ntl y, M M S c ollects ver y s pecific data 

o n w here s pecific drill s hi ps o perate a n d t he le n gt h of ti me t he y s pe n d at a gi ve n site. 

I n t he B N W A i n ve nt or y, t he a vera ge h orse p o wer a n d l oa d data were use d t o esti mate 

e missi o ns fr o m t hese s o urces. S o me vessels ma y be si g nifica ntl y lar ger or s maller 

t ha n t hese a vera ge val ues, s uc h t hat act ual e missi o ns ma y differ si g nifica ntl y fr o m t he 

esti mate d e missi o ns. A drill s hi p data ba se c o ul d c o ntai n i nf or mati o n a b o ut vessel 

size, t he n u m ber a n d h orse p o wer of pri mar y pr o p ulsi o n e n gi nes a n d a ncillar y 

e n gi nes, a n d better esti mates o n t y pical o pe rati n g l oa ds. T his data base c o ul d be 

li n ke d wit h M M S’ drill s hi p-s pecific acti vit y data a n d a vaila ble e missi o n fact ors t o 

pr o vi de m ore acc urate e missi o n esti mates. 

I m ple me nt ati o n of Pi pel a yi n g S ur ve y – M M S mai ntai ns a n e xcelle nt GI S file of 

pi pela yi n g c o nstr ucti o n a n d mai nte na nce acti v ities w hic h is ver y usef ul i n assi g ni n g 

e missi o ns t o a p pr o priate lease bl oc ks. T he e missi o n esti mates t hat ha ve bee n 

de vel o pe d f or t he B N W A i n ve nt or y f or t his s o urce cate g or y are base d o n ma n y 

ass u m pti o ns t hat were carrie d o ver fr o m t he G M A Q S, partic ularl y re gar di n g t he 

n u m ber of vessels nee de d f or pi peli n e c o nstr ucti o n a n d mai nte na nce a n d t he 

h orse p o wer rati n g a n d t y pical l oa d of t he pri mar y pr o p ulsi o n a n d a ncillar y e n gi nes. 

E missi o n esti mates ca n be i m pr o ve d b y u p dati n g t hese ass u m pti o ns t hr o u g h 

i nter vie ws wit h c o m pa nies in v ol ve d i n t hese acti vities. 

Pl atf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d Re m o v al Vessels – T he c urre nt a p pr oac h t o esti mati n g 

e missi o ns ass ociate d wit h t he c o nstr ucti o n a n d re m o val of offs h ore oil platf or ms is 

base d o n t he n u m ber of pili n gs t hat a pl atf or m has a n d t he ocea n de pt h at t he 

platf or m. T hese data are n ot rea dil y a vaila ble, a n d t he data set de vel o pe d f or t his 

s o urce cate g or y i n t he B N W A i n ve nt or y is n ot c o m plete. A p pr o xi matel y 2 0 % of t he 

data d o n ot i ncl u de t he n u m ber of platf or m pili n gs; f or t hese cases, a s urr o gate was 

de vel o pe d t hat is base d o n t he n u m ber of fl o ors ass ociate d wit h a gi ve n platf or m. 

T here is als o a c o ncer n t hat pili n g drilli n g a ss ociate d wit h platf or m c o nstr ucti o n is n ot 
7- 5

i ncl u de d i n t he e missi o n esti mates. A n e missi o n esti mati o n a p pr oac h nee ds t o be 

de vel o pe d t o acc o u nt f or dril li n g ass ociate d wit h platf or m c o nstr ucti o n, or t o 

deter mi ne if t he drilli n g e missi o ns are alrea d y ass ociate d wit h t he drill s hi ps cate g or y. 

It is i m p orta nt t o i ns ure t hat t hese drilli n g esti mates d o n ot d o u ble c o u nt wit h 

e missi o n esti mates f or t he drill s hi p s o urce cate g or y. T here is a si milar c o ncer n of 

d o u ble c o u nti n g wit h s u p p ort vess els t hat ma y be i n v ol ve d wit h t he c o nstr ucti o n or 

re m o val of platf or ms. T o res ol ve t hese iss ues, it will be necessar y t o st u d y t his 

s o urce cate g or y m ore f ull y a n d meet wit h staff fr o m c o m pa nies i n v ol ve d wit h t hese 

acti vities. 

I m ple me nt ati o n of S ur ve y Vessel S ur ve y - M M S mai ntai ns e xcelle nt rec or ds of 

s ur ve y vessel acti vit y; t he pr o ble m is t hat t hese rec or ds are o nl y re q uire d f or n o nacti ve lease bl oc ks. S ur ve y acti vities rela te d t o acti ve lease bl oc ks are c o nsi dere d 

c o nfi de ntial i nf or mati o n a n d are n ot trac ke d b y M M S. It s h o ul d be p oi nte d o ut t hat 

t here are a relati vel y s mall n u mber of s ur ve y vessels o perati n g i n t he e ntire G ulf. I n 

or der t o de vel o p a n esti mate of s ur ve y acti v ities ass ociate d wit h acti ve lease bl oc ks, it 

is necessar y t o s ur ve y t he c o m pa nies t hat pr o vi de ge o p h ysical s ur ve yi n g ser vices t o 

esti mate a n n ual o perati n g h o urs (e xcl u di n g acti v ities i n t he Easter n G ulf area, state, 

a n d i nter nati o nal waters) a n d t y pical o pera ti n g l oa ds t o de vel o p a B N W A esti mate f or 

t his s o urce cate g or y. S ur ve y vessel acti vit y a n d e missi o ns ass ociate d wit h t he n o nacti ve lease bl oc ks ca n be re m o ve d fr o m t he B N W A esti mat e t o a p pr o xi mate 

e missi o ns i n t he acti ve lease bl oc ks. T hes e e missi o ns ca n be a p plie d e q uall y t o t he 

acti ve lease bl oc ks base d o n a s urr o gate, s uc h as s urface area, i n or der t o mai ntai n t he 

c o nfi de ntialit y of t hese data, w hile still pr o vi di n g c o m plete e missi o n esti mates f or 

t his s o urce cate g or y. 

De vel o p me nt of Milit ar y Vessel D at a b ase - As n ote d i n t his re p ort, o btai ni n g 

detaile d data fr o m t he militar y ca n s o meti mes be ver y diffic ult. I n t he c urre nt 

i n ve nt or y, e missi o n esti mates f or t he Na v y are base d o n c o nser vati ve esti mates of t he 

a m o u nt of ti me vessels o perate i n t he vici nit y of t he B N W A; act ual e missi o ns ma y be 

si g nifica ntl y l o wer t ha n t hese esti mates. U nf ort u natel y, t he Na v y di d n ot pr o vi de a n y 

a d diti o nal i nf or mati o n t o a dj ust t hese es ti mates t o m ore acc uratel y reflect act ual 

e missi o ns. It is rec o m me n de d t hat a data ba se be de vel o pe d wit h all of t he data 

re q uire d t o esti mate e missi o ns a n d s patiall y a n d te m p orall y a dj ust t hese esti mates t o 

re prese nt acti vit y i n t he vici nit y of t he B N W A. T he data base c o ul d i ncl u de 

ass u m pti o ns a b o ut t he c urre nt vessel fleet o pe rati n g i n t he G ulf, t he h orse p o wer of t he 

pri mar y a n d a ncillar y e n gi nes of eac h vessel, t y pical o perati n g l oa ds, a n d esti mates of 

seas o nal a n d a n n ual h o urs of o perati o n, as well as i nf or mati o n c o ncer ni n g t he 

ge o gra p hic area w here t hese vesse ls t y picall y o perate. T his data base c o ul d be s hare d 

wit h t he Na v y a n d C oast G uar d, a n d t he y h o pe f ull y w o ul d u p date it wit h t heir o w n, 

m ore acc urate data a n d s u b mit it t o M M S f or i ncl usi o n i n t he B N W A i n ve nt or y. 

I m ple me nt ati o n of S u p p ort Helic o pter S ur ve y - As wit h s u p p ort vessels, 

i m ple me ntati o n of a detaile d s ur ve y of s u p p ort helic o pters t hat ser vice offs h ore oil 

platf or ms w o ul d all o w f or better q ua ntifica ti o n of t he t y pes of helic o pters c urre ntl y 

use d, a better esti mate of t he h o urs of o pe rati o n, as well as i nf or mati o n t o hel p 
7- 6

s patiall y distri b ute esti mate d e missi o ns. T he data o btai ne d fr o m s uc h a st u d y s h o ul d 

be c o m pile d i n a f or mat c o m pati ble wit h GI S data files ass ociat e d wit h t he c urre nt 

i n ve nt or y. 

7. 5 C O M P A RI S O N WI T H O T H E R S T U DI E S 

At t he c o m pleti o n of a n y e missi o ns i n ve nt or y e ff ort, o ne fi nal, usef ul Q A/ Q C c hec k is t o 

c o m pare t he i n ve nt or y res ults wit h t h ose fr o m si milar i n ve nt ories. T he m ost a p plica ble 

i n ve nt or y t o use i n a c o m paris o n is prese nte d i n t he M M S re p ort, E missi o n I nve nt ories of O C S 

Pr o d ucti o n a n d Devel o p me nt Activi ties i n t he G ulf Of Mexic o ( C oe et al. 2 0 0 3). T he re p ort 

c o ntai ns base year 2 0 0 0 (Ja n uar y- Dece m ber) e missi o n esti mates f or all s o ur ces wit hi n 1 0 0 k m of 

t he B N W A. 

Ta ble 7- 4 c o m pares s o me of t he dail y plat f or m e missi o n esti mates f or O C S oil a n d gas 

pr o d ucti o n platf or ms prese nte d i n C oe et al. ( 2 0 0 3) wit h t h ose de vel o pe d i n t his st u d y. 

T he pri mar y s o urce of N O i n b ot h st u dies is nat ural gas en gi nes. T he n u m ber of nat ural gas 

e n gi nes ( N G Es) i n t he t w o st u dies is si milar ( 5 1 3 u nits i n t his st u d y, 4 9 9 i n t he base year 2 0 0 0 

st u d y). Asi de fr o m t he re p orte d acti vit y data f or eac h e q ui p me nt t y pe, a re vie w of t he e missi o n 

fact ors use d i n eac h st u d y pr o vides a g o o d i n dicati o n of w h y t he N O e missi o n -esti mates are 

l o wer i n t he c urre nt st u d y. T he esti mates i n b ot h st u dies were de vel o pe d usi n g A P- 4 2 e missi o n 

fact ors ( U. S. E P A 2 0 0 2), b ut t he e missi o n fact ors ha ve bee n c ha n ge d f or nat ural gas e n gi nes. O n 

a vera ge, t he N O e missi o n fact ors f or nat ural gas e n gi nes are 5 0 % l o wer t ha n t he fact ors a p plie d 

i n C oe et al. ( 2 0 0 3). T he c o ntri b uti on of nat ural gas e n gi nes t o t otal N O e missi o ns acc o u nts f or 

a lar ge p orti o n ( 8 4 %) of t h e e missi o ns re p orte d i n t h e base year 2 0 0 0 st u d y. 

T he discre pa nc y i n t he S O e missi o n esti mates is d ue t o t he flare esti mates i n t he t w o 

st u dies. I n t he base year 2 0 0 0 st u d y, 6 7 % of t he S O e missi o ns are fr o m flares. A gai n, t he 

n u m ber of u nits i n t he t w o st u dies is si milar ( data re p orte d f or 4 5 flares i n t he c urre nt st u d y, vs. 

5 1 flares i n t he base year 2 0 0 0 st u d y). I n t he c u rre nt st u d y, flares acc o u nt f or less t ha n 1 % of 

t otal S O e missi o ns. I n de vel o pi n g t he fi nal Bret o n D B M S, a calc ulati o n err or was c orrecte d f or 

t he c urre nt st u d y. 

Ta ble 7- 1. T otal Platf or m E missi o n Esti mates. 

E q ui p me nt N O E missi o ns (t p y) S O 2 E missi o ns (t p y) 

A mi ne U nits 0 1 6 2 

B oilers/ heaters/ B ur ners 1 0 2 1 

Diesel E n gi nes 1, 9 2 5 9 2 

Drilli n g E q ui p me nt 1, 9 5 2 2 3 8 

Flares 4 6 0. 3 3 

Nat ural Gas E n gi nes 1 4, 9 3 8 5 

Nat ural Gas T ur bi nes 2, 6 5 4 5 

T otal E missi o ns (t p y) 2 1, 6 1 7 5 0 3. 3 3 
7- 7

Ta ble 7- 2. T otal N o n- Platf or m E missi o n Esti mates.

S o urce Cate g or y N O x E missi o ns (t p y) S O 2 E missi o ns (t p y)

Drilli n g Ri gs 3, 9 0 8 6 5 9 

Helic o pters 5 1 6 

Pi pela yi n g Vessels 3, 2 2 8 5 4 2 

Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d 

Re m o val Vessels 1 3 5 2 2 

S u p p ort Vessels 3, 2 7 5 5 6 0 

S ur ve y Vessels 4 1 

T otal O C S Oil/ Gas Pr o d ucti o n 

S o urces (t p y) 1 0, 6 0 1 1, 7 9 0 

C o m mercial Mari ne Vessels 7, 7 4 5 1, 4 0 2 

C o m mercial Fis hi n g Vessels 3 4 0 5 7 

Militar y Vessels 2 8 3 6 0 

T otal N o n- O C S Oil/ Gas 

Pr o d ucti o n S o urces (t p y) 8, 3 6 8 1, 5 1 9 

T otal N o n- Platf or m E missi o ns 

(t p y) 1 8, 9 6 9 3, 3 0 9 

Ta ble 7- 3. T otal Platf or m a n d N o n- Platf or m E missi o n Esti mates.

E q ui p me nt/ S o urce Cate g or y N O E missi o ns (t p y) S O2 E missi o ns (t p y) 

T otal Platf or m E missi o ns 2 1, 6 1 7 5 0 3. 3 3 

Drilli n g Ri gs 3, 9 0 8 6 5 9 

Helic o pters 5 1 6 

Pi pela yi n g Vessels 3, 2 2 8 5 4 2 

Platf or m C o nstr ucti o n a n d Re m o val 

Vessels 1 3 5 2 2 

S u p p ort Vessels 3, 2 7 5 5 6 0 

S ur ve y Vessels 4 1 

T otal O C S Oil/ Gas Pr o d ucti o n S o urce 

E missi o ns 3 2, 2 1 8 2, 2 9 3. 3 3 

T otal N o n- O C S Oil/ Gas Pr o d ucti o n 

S o urce E missi o ns 8, 3 6 8 1, 5 1 9 

T otal E missi o ns (t p y) 4 0, 5 8 6 3, 8 1 2. 3 3 
7- 8

Ta ble 7- 4. C o m paris o n of O C S Platf or m E missi o n Esti mates. 

Base Year 2 0 0 0 I n ve nt or y C urre nt I n ve nt or y 

T otal N O dail y e missi o ns Mi ni m u m: 9 9 t p d * 

Ma xi m u m: 1 1 0 t p d 

A vera ge: 5 9 t p d 

A vera ge N O dail y N G E 

e missi o ns 

9 0 t p d 4 0 t p d 

T otal S O dail y e missi o ns Mi ni m u m: 1. 1 t p d 

Ma xi m u m: 9. 3 t p d 

A vera ge: 1. 4 t p d 

A vera ge S O dail y flare 

e missi o ns 

2 t p d 0. 0 0 1 t p d 

* t p d = t o ns per da y 
8- 1 

8. R E F E R E N C E S 

Allis o n. 2 0 0 2. Allis o n Helic o pter E n gi ne Ma n ufact urer. Test data f or Allis o n M o del 2 5 0 

helic o pter e n gi nes. 

B o yer, B. a n d D. K. Br o d na x. 1 9 9 6. E missi o n Es ti mati o n Met h o ds f or Oil a n d Gas O perati o ns. 

Prese nte d at t he Air a n d Waste Ma na ge me nt Ass ociati o n S pecialt y C o nfere nce, T he 

E missi o n I n ve nt or y: Ke y t o Pla n ni n g, Per m its, C o m plia nce, a n d Re p orti n g. Oct o ber 4-

6, Ne w Orlea ns, L A. 

Bri n k ma n, R. J u ne 1 9, 2 0 0 2a. Tele p h o ne c o n versat i o n wit h Jai me Ha user of Easter n Researc h 

Gr o u p. U. S. De pt. of t he I nteri or , Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice. 

Bri n k ma n, R. J ul y 2, 2 0 0 2 b. E mail e ntitle d Re: s o me m ore o n s ur ve y vessels, t o Jai me Ha user 

of Easter n Researc h Gr o u p. U. S. De pt. of t h e I nteri or, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice. 

C oe, D. L., C. A. G ori n, L. R. C hi n ki n, M. Y oc ke, a n d D. Scalfa n o. 2 0 0 3. E missi o n 

I n ve nt ories of O C S Pr o d ucti o n a n d De vel o p me nt Acti vities i n t he G ulf of 

Me xic o. Fi nal Re p ort. U. S. De part me nt of t he I nteri or, Mi neral Ma na ge me nt 

Ser vice, G ulf of Me xic o O C S Re gi o n, Ne w Orlea ns, L A. O C S St u d y M M S 

2 0 0 2- 0 7 3. 

C oe, D. L., D.J. La d ner, J. D. Pr o ut y, L. R. C h i n ki n, M. Y oc ke, a n d D. Scalfa n o. 2 0 0 1. 

User’s G ui de f or t he Bret o n Offs h ore Acti vities Data S yste m ( B O A D S) f or Air 

Q ualit y. Fi nal Re p ort. U. S. De part me nt of t he I nteri or, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt 

Ser vice, G ulf of Me xic o O C S Re gi o n, Ne w Orlea ns, L A. O C S St u d y M M S 

2 0 0 0- 0 8 1. 

Cra mer, J. J u ne 1 8, 2 0 0 1. E- mail e ntitle d Re: fis hi n g l ocati o ns i n t he G O M, t o A m y Ale xa n der 

of Easter n Researc h Gr o u p I nc. Nati o nal Ocea nic & At m os p heric A d mi nistrati o n. 

Della giari n o, G. J u ne 2 1, 2 0 0 1. E- mail e ntitle d Re: m ore o n seis mic s ur ve ys, t o Jai me Ha user 

of Easter n Researc h Gr o u p I nc. U. S. De pt. of t he I nteri or, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice

De part me nt of t he Na v y. 1 9 9 9. E n vir o n me nta l assess me nt/ o verseas e n vir o n me ntal assess me nt 

of t he S H- 6 0 R Helic o pter/ A L F S test pr o gra m. 

htt p://e n v pla n. nfesc. na v y. m il/ d oc u me nts/ S H 6 0 R % 2 0 E A. P D F. Accesse d Oct o ber 3 0, 

2 0 0 1. 

EII P. 1 9 9 9. E missi o n I n ve nt or y I m pr o ve me nt Pr o gra m. V ol u me II. P oi nt S o urces. 

C ha pter 1 0. Oil a n d Gas Fiel d Pr o d ucti o n a n d Pr ocessi n g O perati o ns. 

htt p:// w w w.e pa. g o v/tt n/c hief/eii p/tec hre p ort/i n de x. ht ml

Fr o o mer, N. Ma y 1 0, 2 0 0 2. E- mail e ntitle d 2 0 0 0 Pi peli nes, t o Ric har d Billi n gs of Easter n 

Researc h Gr o u p. U. S. De pt. of t he I nteri or, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice
8- 2 

Fr o o mer, N. Dece m ber 9, 2 0 0 3. E- mail e ntitle d 2 0 0 1 Pi peli nes Dataset, t o Ric har d Billi n gs of 

Easter n Researc h Gr o u p. U. S. De pt. of t h e I nteri or, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice

Helic o pter Safet y A d vis or y C o nfere nce ( H S A C). 2 0 0 1. Helic o pter safet y a d vis or y c o nfere nce 

( H S A C) G ulf of Me xic o offs h ore helico pter o perati o ns a n d safet y re vie w. 

htt p:// w w w. hsac. or g/stats. ht ml . Accesse d Oct o ber 3 0, 2 0 0 1. 

Ma yes, M. Marc h 1 4, 2 0 0 2. E- mail e ntitle d Ri g I nf or mati o n, t o R o ger C ha n g of Easter n 

Researc h Gr o u p. O perati o ns A nal ysis Bra n c h, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice. 

Mc Clella n, S. Ja n uar y 9, 2 0 0 2. Tele p h o ne c o n ver sati o n wit h R o ger C ha n g of Easter n Researc h 

Gr o u p. U S C S Mari ne Safet y U nit, Gal vest o n. 

Patella, F. Oct o ber 2 2, 2 0 0 1. E- mail e ntitle d Re: fis hi n g l ocati o ns i n t he G O M, t o R o ger C ha n g 

of Easter n Researc h Gr o u p I nc. Nati o nal Ocea nic & At m os p heric A d mi nistrati o n. 

Pesc h ke, D. Ma y 6, 2 0 0 2. Facsi mile t o R o ger C ha n g of Easter n Researc h Gr o u p. Q uarter 

Master, Ei g ht h C oast G uar d District, Ne w Orlea ns, L A. 

P offe n ber ger, J. Ma y 3, 2 0 0 1. E- mail e ntitle d Re : fis hi n g eff ort, t o A my Ale xa n der of Easter n 

Researc h Gr o u p. Nati o nal Ocea nic & At m os p heric A d mi nistrati o n. 

S C A Q M D. 1 9 9 1. Fi nal Air Q u alit y Ma na ge me nt Pla n, 1 9 9 1 Re visi o n, Fi nal Tec h nical 

Re p ort III- G, 1 9 8 7 Aircraft E missi o n I n ve nt or y i n t he S o ut h C oast Air Basi n. 

T h o mas, P. F. Dece m ber 2 1, 2 0 0 1. Res p o nse t o lett er fr o m R o bert C ha n g of Easter n Researc h 

Gr o u p date d Dece m ber 6, 2 0 0 1. C o m ma n di n g Officer U S C G Mari ne Safet y U nit, 

Gal vest o n. 

U. S. D OI, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice ( M M S). 1 9 9 5. G ulf of Me xic o Air Q ualit y St u d y: 

Fi nal Re p ort; V ol u mes I-III. U. S. De pt. of t h e I nteri or, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice, 

G ulf of Me xic o O C S Re gi o n, Ne w Orl ea ns, L A. O C S St u d y M M S 9 5- 0 0 3 8, 9 5- 0 0 3 9, 

a n d 9 5- 0 0 4 0. 

U. S. D OI, Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice ( M M S). 2 0 0 4. I nstallati o ns, Re m o vals, a n d 

C u m ulati ve T otals of Offs h ore Pr o d ucti o n Fa cilities i n Fe deral Waters: 1 9 5 3- 0 3. 

htt p:// w w w. m ms. g o v/stats/ xl s(e xcel)/ platf or ms u m mar y 1 9 4 2- 2 0 0 3. xls.

U. S. E n vir o n me ntal Pr otecti o n A ge nc y ( E P A). 2 0 0 2. C o m pilati o n of Air P oll uta nt E missi o n 

Fact ors, V ol u me I: Stati o nar y P oi nt a n d Area S o urces. A P- 4 2 . Office of Air Q ualit y 

Pla n ni n g a n d Sta n dar ds, Re searc h Tria n gle Par k, N C. 

htt p:// w w w.e pa. g o v/tt n/c hief/a p 4 2/i n de x. ht ml
8- 3 

U. S. E n vir o n me ntal Pr otecti o n A ge nc y ( E P A). 2 0 0 3. D oc u me ntati o n f or Aircraft, C o m mercial 

Mari ne Vessel, L oc o m oti ve, a n d Ot her N o nr oa d C o m p o ne nts of t he Nati o nal E missi o n 

I n ve nt or y. V ol u me I – Met h o d ol o g y. E missi o n Fact or a n d I n ve ntor y Gr o u p, Researc h 

Tria n gle Par k, N C. htt p:// w w w.e pa. g o v/tt n/c hief/ net/ 1 9 9 9 i n ve nt or y. ht ml. 

U. S. E n vir o n me ntal Pr otecti o n A ge nc y ( E P A). 2 0 0 0. A nal ysis of C o m m ercial Mari ne Vessels 

E missi o ns a n d F uel C o ns u m pti o n Data. Offi ce of Tra ns p ortati o n a n d Air Q ualit y, A n n 

Ar b or, MI. E P A 4 2 0- R- 0 0- 0 0 2. 

U. S. E n vir o n me ntal Pr otecti o n A ge nc y ( E P A). 1 9 9 2. Pr oce d ures f or E missi o n I n ve nt or y 

Pre parati o n, V ol u me I V: M o bile S o urces. O ffice of Air a n d Ra diati o n. A n n Ar b or, MI. 

E P A 4 2 0- R- 9 2- 0 0 9. 

Wils o n D. L., J. N. Fa nj o y, a n d R. S. Billi n gs. 2 0 0 4. G ulf wi de E missi o n I n ve nt or y St u d y f or t he 

Re gi o nal Haze a n d Oz o ne M o deli n g Eff ort: Fi na l Re p ort. U. S. De pt. of t he I nteri or, 

Mi nerals Ma na ge me nt Ser vice, G ulf of Me xic o O C S Re gi o n, Ne w Orlea ns, L A. O C S 

St u d y M M S 2 0 0 4- 0 7 2. 
T h e D e p art m e nt of t h e I nt eri or Mi s si o n

A s t h e N ati o n' s pri n ci p al c o n s er v ati o n a g e n c y, t h e D e p art m e nt of t h e I nt eri or h a s r e s p o n si bilit y 

f or m o st of o ur n ati o n all y o w n e d p u bli c l a n d s a n d n at ur al r e s o ur c e s. T hi s i n cl u d e s f o st eri n g 

s o u n d u s e of o ur l a n d a n d w at er r e s o ur c e s; pr ot e cti n g o ur fi s h, wil dlif e, a n d bi ol o gi c al di v er sit y; 

pr e s er vi n g t h e e n vir o n m e nt al a n d c ult ur al v al u e s of o ur n ati o n al p ar k s a n d hi st ori c al pl a c e s; 

a n d pr o vi di n g f or t h e e nj o y m e nt of lif e t hr o u g h o ut d o or r e cr e ati o n. T h e D e p art m e nt a s s e s s e s 

o ur e n er g y a n d mi n er al r e s o ur c e s a n d w or k s t o e n s ur e t h at t h eir d e v el o p m e nt i s i n t h e b e st 

i nt er e st s of all o ur p e o pl e b y e n c o ur a gi n g st e w ar d s hi p a n d citi z e n p arti ci p ati o n i n t h eir c ar e. 

T h e D e p art m e nt al s o h a s a m aj or r e s p o n si bilit y f or A m eri c a n I n di a n r e s er v ati o n c o m m u niti e s 

a n d f or p e o pl e w h o li v e i n i sl a n d t errit ori e s u n d er U. S. a d mi ni str ati o n. 

T h e Mi n er al s M a n a g e m e nt S er vi c e Mi s si o n 

A s a b ur e a u of t h e D e p art m e nt of t h e I nt eri or, t h e Mi n er al s M a n a g e m e nt S er vi c e' s ( M M S) 

pri m ar y r e s p o n si biliti e s ar e t o m a n a g e t h e mi n er al r e s o ur c e s l o c at e d o n t h e N ati o n' s O ut er 

C o nti n e nt al S h elf ( O C S), c oll e ct r e v e n u e fr o m t h e F e d er al O C S a n d o n s h or e F e d er al a n d I n di a n 

l a n d s, a n d di stri b ut e t h o s e r e v e n u e s. 

M or e o v er, i n w or ki n g t o m e et it s r e s p o n si biliti e s, t h e Off s h or e Mi n er al s M a n a g e m e nt Pr o gr a m 

a d mi ni st er s t h e O C S c o m p etiti v e l e a si n g pr o gr a m a n d o v er s e e s t h e s af e a n d e n vir o n m e nt all y 

s o u n d e x pl or ati o n a n d pr o d u cti o n of o ur N ati o n' s off s h or e n at ur al g a s, oil a n d ot h er mi n er al 

r e s o ur c e s. T h e M M S Mi n er al s R e v e n u e M a n a g e m e nt m e et s it s r e s p o n si biliti e s b y e n s uri n g t h e 

effi ci e nt, ti m el y a n d a c c ur at e c oll e cti o n a n d di s b ur s e m e nt of r e v e n u e fr o m mi n er al l e a si n g a n d 

pr o d u cti o n d u e t o I n di a n tri b e s a n d all ott e e s, St at e s a n d t h e U. S. Tr e a s ur y. 

T h e M M S stri v e s t o f ulfill it s r e s p o n si biliti e s t hr o u g h t h e g e n er al g ui di n g pri n ci pl e s of: ( 1) b ei n g 

r e s p o n si v e t o t h e p u bli c' s c o n c er n s a n d i nt er e st s b y m ai nt ai ni n g a di al o g u e wit h all p ot e nti all y 

aff e ct e d p arti e s a n d ( 2) c arr yi n g o ut it s pr o gr a m s wit h a n e m p h a si s o n w or ki n g t o e n h a n c e t h e 

q u alit y of lif e f or all A m eri c a n s b y l e n di n g M M S a s si st a n c e a n d e x p erti s e t o e c o n o mi c 

d e v el o p m e nt a n d e n vir o n m e nt al pr ot e cti o n.