OCS Study 

MMS 2000-044 

Economic Effects of Coastal Alabama 

and Destin Dome Offshore Natural Gas 

Exploration, Development, and Production 

MS I y 7 AL 

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U.S. Department of the Interior 

Faw Minerals 1management Service 

Gulf of Mexico OCS Region 
OCS Study 

MMS 2000-044 

Economic Effects of Coastal Alabama 

and Destin Dome Offshore Natural Gas 

Exploration, Development, and Production 

Authors 

Jason R. Plater 

Jacqueline Q . Kelley 

William W. Wade 

Robert T . Mott 

Prepared under MMS Contract 

1435-01-96-CT-30829 

by 

Foster Associates, Inc. 

120 Montgomery St., Suite 1776 

San Francisco, California 94104 

Published by 

U .S. De partment of the Interior 

Minerals Management Service New Orleans 

Gulf of Mexico OCS Region June 2000 

DISCLAIMER 

This report was prepared under contract between the Minerals Management Service (MMS) and 

Foster Associates, Inc. This report has been technically reviewed by the MMS and approved for 

publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies 

of the MMS, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or 

recommendation for use. It is, however, exempt from review and compliance with MMS editorial 

standards. 

REPORT AVAILABILITY 

Extra copies of the report may be obtained from the Public Information Office (Mail Stop 5034) at 

the following address: 

U.S . Department of the Interior 

Minerals Management Service 

Gulf of Mexico Regional Office 

Public Information Office (MS 5034) 

1201 Elmwood Park Boulevard 

New Orleans, Louisiana 70123-2394 

Telephone Number: (504) 736-2519 or 

1-800-200-GULF 

CITATION 

Suggested citation : 

Plater, J.R., J .Q. Kelley, W.W. Wade, and R.T. Mott. 1999 . Economic Effects of Coastal Alabama 

and Destin Dome Offshore Natural Gas Exploration, Development, and Production. OCS 

Study MMS 2000-044. U.S . Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of 

Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, La. 219 pp . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects iii 

ABSTRACT 

Following the discovery of Norphlet gas in Mobile Bay, in the early 1980s the Coastal Alabama 

region experienced the emergence of a large offshore gas industry which has employed thousands 

in Mobile County, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas . The new offshore industry in Mobile County 

was very different from the tourism- and service-based industries that dominate the region, and 

which were also experiencing rapid growth in the 1980s. To determine the economic effects of 

the offshore gas industry on Mobile County, the rest of Alabama, and the combined economies of 

Louisiana and Texas, an IMPLAN Input-Output model was developed for the Norphletdominated offshore industry . The IMPLAN results combined with estimates of industry 

expenditures on offshore exploration, development, and production drive a spreadsheet model 

that estimates the impacts on employment, population, and personal income resulting from the 

Coastal Alabama offshore gas industry . The model estimates past economic effects and forecasts 

them through 2020 . Future industry activity in the Destin Dome area of the Eastern Gulf of 

Mexico Results are also included. This study is the third in a series of investigations analyzing 

the social and economic impact of the Coastal Alabama offshore gas industry on Gulf Coast 

states . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects v 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

Foster Associates received substantial support for this project. Many people provided data and 

factual information. The following people and organizations were especially helpful in supplying 

information and resources, and in some cases, reviewing subsections. Without their contributions, 

this report could not have been written. Errors that remain are the authors' . 

Nancy Cone 

Dave Bolin 

Ralph Hellmich 

Dean Peeler 

Gary Jacobs 

David Duplantier 

Thornton Helm 

Clay Vaughn 

Richard Hannah 

Robert Mink 

Tom Joiner 

Mike Prendergrast 

Dave Marin 

Carl F. Southern 

Mike Kimmett 

Woods W. Allen 

Rick Mykitta 

Robert Davis 

Henry Caddell 

Alabama Department of Conservation, Lands Division, Montgomery, AL 

Alabama Oil and Gas Board, Tuscaloosa, AL 

Alabama Oil and Gas Board, Tuscaloosa, AL 

Alabama Petroleum Council, Montgomery, AL 

Chevron USA Production Company, New Orleans, LA 

Chevron USA Production Company, New Orleans, LA 

Chevron USA Production Company, New Orleans, LA 

Exxon Company USA, New Orleans, LA 

Exxon Company USA, New Orleans, LA 

Geological Survey of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 

Tom Joiner and Associates, Tuscaloosa, AL 

MMS GOMR, New Orleans, LA 

MMS GOMR, New Orleans, LA 

Mobil Oil Exploration and Producing Company, New Orleans, LA 

Mobil Oil Company, New Orleans, LA 

Murphy Explanation Company, New Orleans, LA 

Shell Yellowhaininer Plant and Unit, Coden, Alabama 

Spirit Oil Company, (UNOCAL) Lafayette, LA 

Thiry & Caddell, Mobile, AL 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects vii 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Development of the 1979 and subsequent discoveries of natural gas in Coastal Alabama state and 

federal waters introduced a specialized, capital-intensive industry into Mobile County. Little or 

no infrastructure existed to support the development activities . The Norphlet gas plays 

discovered in Mobile Bay required extraordinary engineering measures (and expense) to bring to 

production . Building upon the research from two previous investigationsl'2, this study details the 

economic effects of Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome offshore gas development on Mobile 

County, the rest of the State of Alabama, and the States of Louisiana and Texas. This study also 

undertakes the most detailed examination to date of the magnitude of government spending 

resulting from Coastal Alabama production, and its impacts on the state's economy. 

The Minnesota Impact Planning (IMPLAN) Group's (MIG's) IMPLANProfessional economic 

input-output modeling system was used to develop multipliers for estimating the regional 

economic effects of development and production of Coastal Alabama natural gas resources . The 

model (as received from the vendor) does not accurately reflect an offshore gas production sector 

for Mobile County, certainly not an offshore gas production sector requiring specialized 

technology to produce extremely hot, high pressure, and corrosive gas laden with HzS. To model 

this specialized industry, the IMPLAN model was recalibrated ; i.e ., new first-round input 

requirements for the various stages of Coastal Alabama gas exploration and development were 

developed by Foster Associates . The research determined the operational and cost differences 

between typical Gulf of Mexico offshore gas facilities and those designed to handle hot, high 

sulfur, and high pressure Norphlet gas. The relative amounts of spending accruing to the 

emerging industry suppliers in Mobile County and the established offshore industry in Louisiana 

and Texas (LA/TX) also were determined. The research found that the majority of expenditures, 

and thus jobs and income, from exploration and infrastructure (platforms and pipelines) phases of 

development accrue to LA/TX, as shown on Table ES-1 . Mobile County received a large share of 

spending from construction of onshore treatment plants and receives the majority of economic 

effects from ongoing operations and maintenance. 

Total industry spending on exploration, development, and infrastructure to fully develop existing 

Coastal Alabama fields will total close to $4 billion. Expenditures for ongoing operations and 

maintenance will add over $3 billion more through 2020-all on top of hundreds of millions of 

dollars paid to Alabama and the federal government on offshore leases . The State of Alabama 

received close to a billion dollars in lease bonus payments from offshore operators in state waters 

during the 1980s. Coupled with ongoing production taxes and royalties, and a share of federal 

8(g) royalties for fields in the Mobile OCS, the State of Alabama and coastal counties are 

' Kelley, J.Q. and W.W. Wade . 1998. Social and Economic Consequences of Onshore OCS-Related Activities in 

Coastal Alabama: Final Baseline Report, Economic Baseline of the Coastal Alabama Region . OCS Study MMS 98-

0046 . U.S . Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, La. 

102pp. 

Z Wade, W.W., J.R . Plater, and J.Q. Kelley . 1998. History of Coastal Alabama Natural Gas Exploration and 

Development, Final Report. OCS Study MMS 99-0031 . U.S . Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 

Gulf of Mexico OCS Region New Orleans La. 187pp . Coastal Alabama Economic Effects ix 
expected to spend close to $6 billion 3 through 2020 from trust fund earnings-almost as much as 

the operators will spend to develop and produce the gas resources. Because the principal in the 

trust funds is never drawn down, spending of trust fund earnings will provide a significant 

economic stimulus to Alabama long after gas reserves have been exhausted. 

Table ES-1 

Mobile and LA/TX Components of Offshore Operator Expenditures 

Activity 

Mobile 

Component 

LA/TX 

Component 

Exploration & development drilling 15% 85% 

Pipeline contracting 10% 90% 

Platform construction 15% 85% 

Onshore gas treatment plants 70% 30% 

Production operations and maintenance 85% 15% 

Offshore operators are currently in the planning stages for development of Norphlet reserves in 

the Destin Dome OCS area, offshore Florida in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico. With a planned 

production start in 2001, spending on exploration and development in the Destin Dome OCS will 

extend for another five years the significant infrastructure investments in the Gulf region . Destin 

Dome OCS expenditures will add $500 million in exploration and infrastructure spending 

through 2003, and another $500 million in O&M spending through 2020 . 

Figure ES-1 shows the total employment resulting from of Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome 

offshore gas developments, by region . For 35 years, Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome OCS gas 

development will support over 7,000 jobs in the Gulf region. During the early 1990s, and again 

from 1999 - 2001, employment effects rise well above 10,000 jobs. The figure shows the 

majority of LA/TX employment occurring during the early years of development, with Mobile 

County and Alabama employment growing as wells reach peak and the state's trust fund earnings 

grow. 

Figure ES-2 shows the same total employment segmented by producing region . Employment due 

to Alabama state production-dominated in later years by government spending of interest from 

trust funds, which grows to over $200 million annually-becomes most significant in later years. 

Destin Dome OCS development will cause a third spike in offshore gas industry-related 

employment from 1999 - 2001, boosting regional employment from offshore gas development 

over 10,000 for the last time unless significant new fields are discovered and produced. 

' Assuming the current policy of spending only annual interest earnings continues. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
16,000 

14,000 

a 

12,000 

~. 

0 10,000 

. . . 

8,000 

^O d 6,000 w 

0 4,000 

2,000 

0 

" Mobile County D Alabama D LA/TX 

Figure ES-1. Total Employment Effects from Coastal Alabama and Destin 

Dome OCS Development by Affected Region 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 

16,000 

14,000 

12,000 

0 10,000 

. .. 

8,000 

d 6,000 

° 4,000 0 

2,000 

0 

" AL State D Mobile OCS D Destin Dome OCS 

Figure ES-2. Total Employment Effects from Coastal Alabama and Destin 

Dome OCS Development by Producing Area 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects xi 

N ~ ~O CO O N ~ ~O CO O N 'tt \C 00 O N ~ ~O 00 O 

00 00 00 00 O*~ O'~ ON O~ O~ O O O O O 

O~ ON ON C~ ON CN ON ON OIN O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

N 1* ~O o0 O ~ 00 O N ~ ~C o0 O N ~ ~O oo O 

00 00 00 00 C'\ a1 O~ O'\ O'~ O O O O O ~ r+ r-+ r+ ~ N 

O~ ~ OIN O~ OI\ O O O O O O O O O O O 

~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

1 . Introduction 

1 .1 Summary of Previous Research 

This is the third in a series of studies on social and economic impacts of Coastal Alabama 

offshore natural gas development. The first phase of this research documents the baseline social 

and economic conditions in the Coastal Alabama regions . The second phase of research 

thoroughly reviews the history of Coastal Alabama offshore gas exploration and development 

and develops a forecast of the region's offshore natural gas production through 20202. 

1.2 Overview of Current Study 

This final study examines the economic effects on Mobile County, the State of Alabama, and the 

combined economies of Louisiana and Texas resulting from Coastal Alabama offshore gas 

exploration and development. The study documents historical economic effects and forecasts 

them through 2020. The economic effects of upcoming production in the Destin Dome Area of 

the Eastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) Planning Area are included in this study. 

Forecasting economic effects of the offshore gas industry on the Coastal Alabama region 

involves three major steps: 

l . develop regional economic models to determine how local, state, and regional economies are 

affected per unit amount of spending by offshore gas producers; 

2. determine how many dollars offshore operators spend by year and major expenditure 

category to explore, develop, and produce offshore natural gas resources ; and 

3 . combine results of (1) and (2) to estimate the total economic effects of offshore gas 

exploration and development by major offshore development activity by year. 

Development of the 1979 and subsequent discoveries of natural gas in Coastal Alabama state and 

Mobile OCS waters introduced a specialized, capital-intensive industry into Mobile County. 

Little or no infrastructure existed to support the development activities during the early years of 

development. Much of the specialized materials and labor required to explore and develop 

offshore resources came from Louisiana and Texas, where the offshore industry has been long 

established. Mobile County, the rest of Alabama, and Louisiana/Texas have been affected in 

different ways : 

" Mobile County from its small share of direct industry expenditures on exploration and 

development activities and its larger share of spending from ongoing production; 

' Kelley, J.Q. and W.W. Wade. 1998. Social and Economic Consequences of Onshore OCS-Related Activities in 

Coastal Alabama: Final Baseline Report, Economic Baseline of the Coastal Alabama Region . OCS Study MMS 98-

0046. U.S . Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, La. 

102pp. 

Z Wade, W.W., J.R. Plater, and J.Q. Kelley. 1999 . History of Coastal Alabama Natural Gas Exploration and 

Development, Final Report. OCS Study MMS 99-0031 . U.S . Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 

Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, La. 187pp. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
" the rest of Alabama from spending of taxes and earnings from trust fund accounts accruing to 

Alabama; and 

Louisiana and Texas from direct industry expenditures in offshore support industries that 

provide services and equipment not available in Alabama. 

Economic modeling must account for the effects of both direct industry investments in plant, 

equipment and services-in Mobile County, Texas and Louisiana-and bonus, tax, and royalty 

payments to the State of Alabama and coastal counties . Figure 1 .2-1 shows the key flows of 

economic stimuli captured in the modeling. A more detailed overview of the regional economic 

model is presented in Section 3 . 

Economic Drivers Impacted Regions 

Direct Industry 10 LA/TX 

Spending 10 Mobile County 

Government Mobile County/ 

Spending Alabama 

Figure 1 .2-1 . Sources of Economic Stimulus from Coastal Alabama Offshore Activities 

The Coastal Alabama natural gas production history and forecast driving this analysis is 

presented in Section 2 . Model calibration and model inputs are discussed in Section 3. The 

regional economic effects of Coastal Alabama, including Alabama State and Mobile OCS 

components, and Destin Dome OCS gas development are presented in Section 4. 

2 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
2. Forecast of Mobile Bay Gas Development & Production 

The regional economic effects of Coastal Alabama gas development and production are driven 

by infrastructure investments made by offshore operators, resultant gas production, and related 

government spending of tax revenues and trust fund interest . The previous volume of this study 

details the development history of the Coastal Alabama offshore gas industry and forecasts 

Coastal Alabama gas production through 2020. The history and forecast of gas production in 

Coastal Alabama, including total Miocene and Norphlet gas production through 2020, is shown 

on Tables 2 .1-1a and 2 .1-1b. Year-end 1998 Norphlet production is projected to increase 10 

percent over 1997 levels, but Miocene production is declining from its 1995 peak. Coastal 

Alabama production will increase about eight percent annually for each of the three years 

through 2000. Production from the Destin Dome OCS Area in the Eastern GoM will supplant 

declining Coastal Alabama production after 2001, and sustain Norphlet production levels above 

or near 1 .4 BCFD through 2005 . 

Table 2.1-1a 

Coastal Alabama Gas Production History 

Annual Average Gross Production (1988 - 1997) 

(MMCFD) 

Year Nor phlet Miocene 

Coastal Alabama Coastal Alabama Total Gas 

Destin Total Total Alabama Mobile Alabama Mobile Production Dome Norphlet Miocene State OCS State OCS 

1988 26 - - 26 0.5 - 0.5 26 

0 1989 35 - - 35 0.4 - 0.4 36 

1990 55 - - 55 - - - 55 

to 1991 90 7 - 97 0.5 1 .7 2.2 99 

1992 254 159 - 414 55 76 131 545 

1993 313 151 - 464 48 87 134 598 

1994 585 225 - 809 47 103 149 959 

1995 555 269 - 824 32 120 152 976 

1996 548 298 - 846 29 97 126 972 

1997 581 423 - 1,004 11 77 88 1,092 

Source: Alabama Oil & Gas Board, 1988; Dwights/PI, 1998. 

To create Norphlet production estimates for 1998 and beyond, wells in production in December, 

1997, plus wells that had advanced beyond the planning stages by Spring 19983 are assumed to 

be added to existing production. Unless operator intelligence indicates otherwise, Norphlet wells 

are projected to produce at 33 MMCFD. The typical well is assumed to produce 30 percent of 

3 See Table 6.1 in the History Report. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 2.1-1b 

Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome Offshore Gas Production Forecast 

Annual Average Gross Production (1998 - 2020) 

(MMCFD) 

Year Nor phlet Miocene 

Coastal Alabama Coastal Alabama Total Gas 

Destin Total Total Alabama Mobile Alabama Mobile Production Dome Norphlet Miocene 

State OCS State OCS 

1998 657 446 - 1,103 8 72 79 1,183 

1999 687 528 - 1,215 7 65 72 1,287 

2000 727 593 - 1,319 6 59 65 1,385 

2001 715 603 115 1,433 6 53 59 1,492 

2002 696 583 220 1,499 5 48 53 1,553 

2003 679 548 270 1,497 5 44 48 1,545 

2004 654 512 301 1,467 4 40 44 1,511 

2005 613 476 300 1,390 4 36 40 1,430 

2006 567 445 300 1,312 4 32 36 1,348 

4 2007 505 415 300 1,220 3 29 32 1,253 

V 2008 481 384 301 1,166 3 27 29 1,196 

2009 387 348 300 1,035 3 24 27 1,062 

2010 337 246 300 883 2 22 24 907 

2011 318 178 205 702 2 20 22 724 

0 2012 299 139 180 618 2 18 20 638 

2013 279 128 160 566 2 16 18 584 

2014 261 119 140 520 2 15 16 536 

2015 244 112 125 481 1 13 15 495 

2016 178 105 115 398 1 12 13 412 

2017 167 94 100 361 1 11 12 374 

2018 158 51 90 299 1 10 11 310 

2019 148 48 80 276 1 9 10 286 

2020 140 44 75 260 1 8 9 269 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

discovered gas in place (GIP) on peak, and then decline at rates of between six and twelve 

percent annually until between 55 - 75 percent of GIP is produced. Year-end 1996 recoverable 

reserves and GIP are shown in Table 2 .2-1 . Varying decline rates for different fields are based on 

historic and current production data, reserve estimates, and miscellaneous operator intelligence . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Miocene production averaged 88 MMCFD for 1997, down from 126 MMCFD for 1996. The 

decline in state and federal fields is assumed to continue at a rate of ten percent annually. No 

new Miocene production had been announced as of Spring 1998, when the History Report was 

compiled. As shown in Table 2.1-1b, Coastal Alabama Norphlet production will rise to over 

1,300 MMCFD (1 .3 BCFD) annual average in 2000. The region's gas treatment capacity of 

approximately 1,520 MMCFD may be fully utilized during the winter by 2000 and beyond . After 

2002, existing Coastal Alabama Norphlet production will begin a slow decline, falling below 900 

MMCFD by 2008 if no other reserves are brought on line . 

Forecast production of natural gas from the Destin Dome Area located in the GoM is shown on 

Table 2.1-1b. The operator furnished production forecasts for Chevron's Destin Dome unit . Destin 

Dome OCS gas production will start up in 2001 with estimated production of 42 BCF, or 115 

MMCFD, that year. Destin Dome OCS gas production is projected to reach peak at 110 BCF in 

2004, producing 300 MMCFD, and to remain on peak for seven years . By 2004, Coastal Alabama 

production (excluding Destin Dome) will have declined to about 1,210 MMCFD from its 2000 -

2001 peak near 1,300 MMCFD. The addition of Chevron's Destin Dome production in 2001 will 

sustain peak regional production levels over 1,400 MMCFD for five years into 2005. Destin Dome 

production will account for a quarter of total regional Norphlet production after 2005. 

The combined State of Alabama and federal OCS offshore gas production forecast for Coastal 

Alabama and Destin Dome OCS is shown on Figure 2.1-1 . This figure plots monthly production 

data. Combined Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome OCS offshore natural gas production will rise 

to 1,400 MMCFD in 2000 and remain at this level through 2005-with no more discoveries. The 

forecast on Figure 2.1-1 yields 10 TCF cumulative production of Norphlet and Miocene by 2020. 

1,800 

1,600 

1,400 

A 1,200 

1,000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

00 O N ~ 110 00 O N ~ 110 00 O N ~ 110 00 O 

00 O~ O~ Q', O~ O', O O O O O - - - - - N 

011 all O1~ QN ON ON O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

* AL State Norphlet " Mobile OCS Norphlet 

D Destin Dome OCS E3 Miocene 

Figure 2.1-1 . Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome Offshore Gas Production 

History and Forecast 

Source: Alabama Oil & Gas Board, 1998; Dwights/PI, 1998; Foster Associates, 1998. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 5 
Table 2.2-1 

Remaining Recoverable Reserves by Field: Year End 1996 

(BCC 

Fields: Cumulative Discovered Percent Remaining Remaining 

AL State / Production Gas in Produced Recoverable Recoverable 

Mobile OCS 12/96 Place 12/96 at 75% at 55% 

Fairway 290 765 38% 284 130 

Mary Ann 237 1,400 17% 813 533 

(excl 95-5) 

Northwest Gulf 171 1,125 15% 673 448 

Bon Secour Bay 102 1,335 8% 899 632 

North Central Gulf 98 985 10% 641 444 

State 109 3 20 15% 12 8 

Aloe Bay 0 1,500 0 1,125 825 

Total AL State 901 7,130 13% 4,446 4,020 

823 297.8 1,325 23% 696 431 

821 35.6 125 29% 58 33 

827 23 .4 275 8% 183 128 

916/961 38 .2 715 5% 498 355 

861 9 .4 55 17% 32 21 

868 0 315 0% 236 173 

904 5 170 3% 123 89 

872 3 .5 185 2% 135 98 

820/864 2.4 >200 1 % 148+ 108+ 

Total Mobile OCS 415.3 3,365+ 12% 2,109+ 1,436+ 

Source: History Report Table 6.15 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
3. Inputs for Estimating Regional Economic Effects of Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome 

Natural Gas Development and Production 

3.0 Introduction 

Section 3 describes the economic modeling process used to determine the effects of Coastal 

Alabama and Destin Dome OCS exploration, development, and production on the economies and 

populations of Mobile County and the States of Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. A flow diagram 

of the modeling process is shown in Figure 3.0-1 . The diagram shows that the discovered fields 

and production forecast (described at length in the History Report and reviewed briefly in 

Section 2) form the basis for the analysis . Section 3 reviews the activities associated with Coastal 

Alabama gas development, past and future offshore operator expenditures, and government 

spending of gas industry-related revenues . Section 3 .1 provides an overview of the IMPLAN 

model used in this analysis . Section 3 .2 describes the substantial revisions made to the standard 

IMPLAN model to reflect accurately the specialized activities involved in Norphlet gas 

production . Section 3 .3 details operators' expenditures through time in each category. Section 3 .4 

describes related state and local government spending of gas industry tax revenues and trust fund 

interest income . 

The final step of the modeling process, predicting the effects of this spending on local, state, and 

regional employment, income, and population is examined in Section 4. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
00 

n 

A 

a 

0 

0 

n 

W10 ory Report ; 

~Oction 2 

Gas 

Production 

History & 

Forecast 

Section 3 S01ptldn 4 - 

Determine 

Infrastructure: 

-Wells 

-Pipes 

-Platforms 

-Processing 

-O& M 

Gas Price 

Forecast 

Set Split Between: 

Federal Gas 

State Gas 

Impacts of Direct 

Estimate Set Split Industry 

Industry Between Expenditures : 

S p endin g for LA/TX & 

Infrastructure 

Components 

Mobile County 

Spending 

-Employment 

-Population 

-personal 

Income 

State Royalty Impacts of State Payments & Local 

Government 

Alabama & Spending: 

County 

State Tax ~ Spending ~ -Employment 

Payments -Population 

-Personal 

Income 

Federal Royalty 

Collections 

8(9) 

Payments 

Figure 3.0-1 . Overview of Research and Modeling Analytic Steps 
3.1 Modeling Overview 

The Minnesota IMPLAN Group's (MIG's) IMPLAN Professional economic input-output 

modeling system was used to develop multipliers for estimating the regional economic effects of 

development and production of Coastal Alabama natural gas resources.' An earlier DOS version 

of IMPLAN (M191 -F) was used by Foster Associates for portions of previous studies of Coastal 

Alabama gas development (Foster Associates, 1994; 1996). Since then MIG developed a 

Windows/NT version which incorporates a number of changes and improvements in the 

methodology . The 1994 and 1996 studies provide the basis for allocating offshore operators' 

expenditures amongst the IMPLAN model's industry sectors for each phase of offshore gas 

development and production. These studies also detail the sectors affected by local and state 

government spending of gas industry tax revenues and trust fund interest earnings deriving from 

offshore development.' Relevant findings from the 1994 and 1996 research are described below. 

The sectoral allocation sets are the basic foundation of the regional economic impact analysis . 

They describe the composition of goods and services, by phase, consumed for a given level of 

output of offshore gas development and production (and related local and state government 

spending of derived taxes and interest income). Provision of these goods and services to offshore 

operators and state and local governments generates income and employment, which over time 

has a cumulative, multiple effect on the economy. To project the cumulative changes in the local 

and regional economies it is necessary first to estimate the spending that offshore operators and 

governments will generate and then to estimate the portion that will be expended in the study 

areas of interest-Mobile County, the rest of Alabama, and combined Louisiana-Texas-and 

then apply economic multipliers to those forecasts to estimate the regional economic effects . 

The IMPLAN program generates reports showing the direct, indirect, and induced effects for 

each sector in the economy for a variety of impact parameters, including total industry output, 

personal income, and employment. The impact reports can be aggregated to consolidate the 

number of industry sectors presented (there are over 500 in the local and regional economies). In 

this study economic effects are estimated to the 1-digit SIC level. This exercise yields a set of 

coefficients for the effects of spending one million dollars in each offshore activity phase. These 

coefficients are used to calculate the year-to-year changes in income and employment in Mobile 

County, the rest of the State of Alabama, and the combined economies of Louisiana and Texas, 

as a function of the projected offshore annual expenditures . 

' Hereafter referred to as IMPLAN. The Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc., sells and supports proprietary modeling 

software and regional economic data sets for estimating economic impacts in every county in the United States . This 

study used IMPLAN Pro Version 1 .1 .6008 for WindowsMT and the 1995 (latest available) county data set for 

Mobile County and the statewide sets for Alabama, Louisiana and Texas. 

Z In the original 1994 work, IMPLAN was used only for the combined Louisiana-Texas study area, while the REMI 

(Regional Economic Models, Inc .) system of econometric modeling with conjoined input-output inter-industry 

transactions database was used to estimate impacts in Mobile County and statewide Alabama. Appendix B of the 

1994 study, Model Selection Criteria and Output, contains a detailed explanation of the modeling methodology and 

underlying data collection and model calibration exercise to reflect the special conditions that characterize the 

Coastal Alabama OCS gas exploration and development environment. An explanation of the adaptation and 

application of IMPLAN to the Mobile County and statewide Alabama study areas is provided in Foster Associates 

(1996). 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 9 
3 .2 Model Calibration 

The IMPLAN model is driven by changes in demand for the output of study area industries, 

changes in output itself, or changes in employment. The model system is based on relationships 

between output and inputs by industrial sector . Based on historical patterns of employment, 

output, and income, the IMPLAN model depicts interindustry relationships based on 1995 data 

from U.S . Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis Economic Census. 

The model (as received from the vendor) does not accurately reflect an offshore gas production 

sector for Mobile County, certainly not an offshore gas production sector requiring specialized 

technology to produce extremely hot, high pressure, and corrosive gas laden with H2S. To better 

model this specialized industry, the IMPLAN model was recalibrated ; i .e ., new first-round input 

requirements for the various stages of Coastal Alabama gas development were developed by 

Foster Associates as described in this section. 

Model recalibration consisted of two main steps: 

Foster utilized earlier studies of offshore oil and gas activities, notably the MMS/Centaur 

study, "Indicators of the Direct Economic Impacts Due to Oil and Gas Development in the 

Gulf of Mexico" (OCS Study MMS 86-0015, January 1986) and the DRI-McGraw Hill study 

of offshore/OCS gas development in the Gulf, "Economic Impacts on Selected States of an 

Oil/Gas Production Tax Credit to Stimulate Deep Water Exploration and Development," July 

1993. 

2. Foster contacted offshore operators and prime contractors to obtain recent data on 

employment and expenditures for offshore gas exploration, development and production, 

including production of Norphlet gas. These findings were used to update and amend the 

findings from (1) . 

3.2 .1 Parameter Values for Input Requirements 

The Centaur and DRI studies provide information on the composition and origins of goods and 

services consumed by offshore Gulf of Mexico oil and gas operators. Data from the 

Centaur/DRI studies were used to develop IMPLAN model coefficients for amounts and sources 

(local versus non-local) of major commodities and services consumed by offshore operators in 

different phases of the development and production process. 

The Centaur study surveyed the principal oil and gas operators in the Gulf of Mexico to develop 

data about expenditures and employment for various activities related to offshore oil and gas 

development. Almost $10 billion in capital and operating expenditures were accounted for, 

allocated among some 20 categories of exploration and development drilling, platform 

fabrication and installation, pipeline construction and production operations and maintenance. 

Work and residence locations of workers were identified, along with wages and salaries and the 

costs of procuring outside goods and services. Outlays were tabulated and traced through 

industry sectors to determine what industries supplied what goods and services, and in what 

proportions, to the various stages of offshore oil and gas development. 

10 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
DRI's subsequent 1993 study on the potential impacts of tax credits for deep water Gulf of 

Mexico oil and gas development supplied additional data on types and amounts of goods and 

services used for offshore operations, particularly with respect to deepwater platform 

construction . 

These studies provided the preliminary component-by-component breakdowns for allocating 

estimated Coastal Alabama operator expenditures among the goods and services needed to bring 

gas into production . Data from the Centaur study provided the greatest detail of the two resource 

documents. Expenditures in the Centaur input categories were matched to SIC code categories 

and then converted to percentages of the total expenditures by activity for IMPLAN (which 

requires data inputs to be based on a system of codes related to SIC codes) . Table 3 .2-1 shows 

the Centaur and corresponding SIC-based expense categories for four elements of offshore 

development: 

" Exploration and development (Exp/Dev) drilling ; 

" Platform fabrication and installation ; 

" Pipeline construction; and 

" Production operations and maintenance (O&M). 

The percentages shown on Table 3 .2-1 represent the proportion of total cost of the activity 

allocated to each input. For instance, 16 .1 percent of the cost of Exp/Dev Drilling in the Gulf of 

Mexico is shown to be related to SIC 1381, New Well Drilling; 19 .2 percent is related to SIC 

1382, Oil and Gas (O&G) Exploration Services ; and 6 .2 percent is related to SIC 1389, Other 

O&G Field Services . Together, they comprise the major components of day-rate contractor 

services. 

Tabulating spending on Coastal Alabama gas development required one other category : 

construction of onshore gas treatment plants . For this additional expenditure category Foster 

Associates sought information from offshore operators on the industries (and their locations) that 

provide inputs . This required changes to the IMPLAN model to correct for the absence of three 

industry subsectors that should be included: 290 (Iron & steel forgings, SIC 3462) ; 331 (Special 

industrial machinery, n.e .c : SIC 3559); and 403 (Instrumentation, SIC 3823). The source data 

from the Bureaus of Economic Analysis and Labor Statistics evidently combined these 

subsectors' activities with others, and it was necessary to create them in the Mobile County data 

set so that the effects of offshore activities would be more accurately reflected. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 11 
Table 3.2-1 

Centaur and SIC Offshore Expenditure Categories 

Percent of Total Expenditures 

Centaur Expense Category Ex /Dev Pipelines Platforms O & M 

Air transport 2.5% 0.1% 0.2% 3.8% 

Boat, barge, marine equip . & transp . 6.7% 1 .6% 1 .1% 4.0% 

Catering services 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 1 .7% 

Cement and cementing services 3 .0% 0.0% 0 .0% 0.7% 

Contract labor and engineering svcs . 2.1% 7 .4% 6.0% 32.1% 

Contract exploratory drilling 13 .8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 

Contract development drilling 16.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 

Diving 0.0% 3.0% 0.0% 0.4% 

Drilling fluids, mud logging & chews. 6.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 

Fuel, utilities 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 

Pipeline and pipelaying contracting 0.0% 53.2% 0.0% 0.0% 

Platform installation 0.0% 0.0% 15 .9% 0.0% 

Production enhancement 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.4% 

Platform & equipment fabrication 0.2% 0.1% 65 .5% 0.0% 

Tubulars 10.3% 26.0% 0.1% 0.0% 

Seismic and geophysical services 5.3% 1 .8% 0.0% 0.0% 

Well logging, wireline and perforation 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 4.5% 

Field operating exps ., rentals 15 .4% 03% 0.1% 7.4% 

Other 7.1% 6.2% 10 .2% 5.1 % 

Company labor and other charges 1 .8% 0.1% 0.8% 28.7% 

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 

SIC Percent of Total Expenditures 

Code SIC Expense Category Ex /Dev Pipelines Platforms O & M 

131 O&G operations - - - 363% 

1381 New well drilling 16.1% - - - 

1382 0&G exploration 19.2% - - - 

1389 Other O&G field svcs . 6.2% 2.1% 0.2% 18 .4% 

1629 New gas utility facilities - - 

1629 Pipeline construction - 52.8% 15 .9% - 

2899 Chemicals, nec 6.9% - - 0.9% 

291 Petroleum fuel 2.6% - - 4.4% 

324 Hydraulic cement 3 .0% - - 0.7% 

3317 Steel pipe 103% 26.0% - - 

3443 Fabricated plate work - - 0.1% - 

3462 Iron & steel forgings - - 0.7% - 

3511 Turbines - - 13% - 

3533 O&G field machinery 0 .2% 0.1% 0.8% 0.0% 

3559 Special industry machinery, nec 7 .1% 6.2% 13 .7% 5.1% 

356 Pumps & compress. - 3.4% 10 .2% - 

3613 Switchgear - - 0.2% - 

3631 Construction machinery & equip . - - 0.2% - 

3731 Shipbuilding - - 1 .2% _ 

3823 Instrumentation - - 44.3% - 

44 Water transport . 6.7% 1 .6% 3.2% 4.0% 

44 Air transport 2.5% 0.1% 1 .1% 3 .8% 

58 Eating/drinking places 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 1 .7% 

7359 Misc . equip. rent/lease 93% - 0.2% 1.4% 

871 EnvirJengineering services 2.7% 7 .5% 0.04% 14.7% 

872 Accounting auditing services 0.6% 0.0% 6.4% 4.2% 

873 Tesdresrch services 6.5% - 0.3% 4.5% 

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100 .0% 

a 

y 

!O 

.o 

y 

Q 

d 

0 

u. 

00 

a 

C d 

U 

a 

3 

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a 0 

12 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
The final sets of activities by which Coastal Alabama expenditures are tabulated are the 

following': 

" Exploration and Development Drilling; 

" Pipeline Contracting; 

" Platform Fabrication and Installation ; 

" Onshore Gas Treatment Plant Construction ; and 

" Production Operations and Maintenance. 

3.2 .2 Model Adjustment for Norphlet Gas Operations 

A number of differences exist between a regular offshore gas operation and one designed to 

handle Norphlet gas. Norphlet gas tends to be very sour (HzS concentrations as high as 10 

percent), hot (temperatures ranging above 300 degrees Fahrenheit), and high-pressure (over 

10,000 pounds per square inch) (AGA, 1992) . Operators have examined a number of options for 

handling Norphlet gas. Exxon, for example, used corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) piping in its 

Coastal Alabama projects . (CRA is a catchall term for a number of different alloys .) Norphlet 

gas is not uniformly sour, however. Nor are the pressures and temperatures the same in all wells. 

Exxon developed different alloys for individual fields . The amount of special materials required 

to drill, transport, and treat gas is thus determined by operators based on an analysis of each 

well's gas characteristics . 

The component-by-component breakdowns of offshore gas operations derived from the Centaur 

and DRI studies served as a starting point from which to develop Norphlet-specific cost 

functions. Once the cost data from those studies were converted to a format useable by 

IMPLAN, an empirical investigation was undertaken to verify the inputs needed for Coastal 

Alabama's Norphlet-dominated operations . For the 1994 study, Foster Associates surveyed by 

telephone the major companies involved in platform fabrication and installation, pipeline 

installation, and exploratory and development drilling in the Mobile area. The Centaur/DRIderived input requirements were provided to each participant. Each individual was asked the 

following: 

1 . Are there major differences between a typical Gulf of Mexico operation and Coastal 

Alabama operations involving Norphlet gas? 

2 . Are the production functions (component-by-component inputs) reasonably consistent with 

your experiences in Coastal Alabama? 

How much of the materials and labor used in the five specific activities comes from Mobile 

County? 

The following sections describe how the input requirements were modified from standard Gulf 

of Mexico operations to reflect Coastal Alabama systems and facilities . 

' The 1994 and 1996 work had an additional category, Offshore Platform Processing. This category was merged 

with Platform Fabrication and Installation for the current study. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 13 
3.2 .2 .1 Exploration and Development Drilling 

Norphlet gas is very deep, typically over 20,000 feet . Drilling a single well can take six months . 

Drilling requires special pipe to handle Norphlet gas for the reasons described above. Costs are 

increased due to the depths to which the wells must be drilled and the metallurgy requirements to 

safely contain Norphlet gas. The component-by-component breakdown of E&D drilling is 

shown in Table 3 .2-2 . The two columns compare costs derived from Centaur/DRI and the 

modifications made by Foster Associates in consultation with contractors and industry 

specialists. Because the Centaur/DRI E&D drilling breakdown was developed for a typical, 

shallow-water Gulf of Mexico (GoM) operation, the tubular (steel pipe) costs for Norphlet 

platforms are higher than those Centaur estimated. The total costs of drilling and completing a 

Norphlet well are vastly higher than a standard GoM well, between $20 - $30 million, typically, 

compared to $2 - 3 million for a standard well with a 5,000-foot target . The increased depth plus 

the increased cost of pipe to handle Norphlet gas doubled the cost of steel pipe components to 

20.6 percent of the higher total cost. Other modifications largely reflect smaller shares of 

increased costs. 

3.2 .2 .2 Pipeline Contracting 

Operators have developed different techniques for handling the extra stress placed on pipelines 

by Norphlet gas. Some have choosen to increase the wall thickness of the pipeline . This 

approach entails less additional material costs than other alternatives, although labor costs are 

higher due to stricter welding tolerances and the handling of heavier pipe (HBH, Inc ., 1994). On 

the other end of the spectrum, some operators have chosen to use expensive tubulars of stainless 

steel or CRA. Estimates of the material costs for CRA pipe ranged from 10 to 25 times the cost 

of carbon steel pipe (Global Pipeline, Inc., 1994; Exxon, 1994b; McDermott, Inc ., 1994c) . CRA 

pipe also entails much higher labor costs, largely due to welding procedures (Arthur et al ., 1994) . 

Carbon steel pipe with a special anti-corrosive plastic liner is an option limited to situations 

where the gas is cool enough to not melt the plastic liner. Plastic liner pipe costs about twice as 

much as carbon steel (Chevron USA, Inc., 1994a; OPI, 1994) . Another solution is to use normal 

carbon steel pipe with an anti-corrosive coating. A primary advantage of this approach is its low 

cost compared to CRA pipe. 

Another technique for handling Norphlet gas is to treat the gas on the platform. This is the 

approach Chevron and Union have taken in their Mobile OCS fields, building full-scale 

treatment facilities on Chevron's 864 and Union's 904 and 916 platforms. The on-platform 

treatment yields interstate pipeline-quality gas, which is then transported on common-carrier 

pipelines. Accordingly, not all Norphlet gas requires special pipe for transport. The IMPLAN 

model was run for two pipeline sectors : one resembling a typical GoM pipeline operation, the 

other for one using specialty pipe. The two results were then averaged using a weighting scheme 

that reflects the relative quantities of each used in Coastal Alabama operations (estimated to be 

77.5% specialty pipe and 22.5% "regular" pipe). 

14 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 3.2-2 

Comparison of Component Cost Breakdowns 

for Coastal Alabama Norphlet Gas: 

Exploratory and Development Drilling 

SIC 

Code 

Expense Category Preliminary 

Estimates 

Final 

In puts 

131 O&G operations - - 

1381 New well drilling 16.1% 13 .9% 

1382 O&G exploration 19.2% 17.3% 

1389 Other O&G field svcs. 6.2% 5 .7% 

1629 Misc . natural resource facilities const. - - 

1629 New gas utility facilities - 

1629 Pipeline construction - - 

2899 Chemicals, nec' 6.9% 5 .7% 

291 Petroleum fuel 2 .6% 3 .9% 

324 Hydraulic cement 3 .0% 4 .1% 

3317 Steel pipe 10 .3% 20 .6% 

3443 Fabricated plate work - - 

3462 Iron & steel forgings - - 

3511 Turbines - - 

3533 O&G field machinery 0.2% 0 .2% 

3559 Special industry machinery, nec' 7.1% 7.1% 

356 Pumps & compressors Z - - 

3613 Switchgear - - 

3631 Construction machinery & equip. - - 

3731 Shipbuilding - 

3823 Instrumentation - - 

44 Water transport 6.7% 4.2% 

44 Air transport 2.5% 1 .5% 

58 Eating/drinking places 0.2% 0 .2% 

7359 Misc . equip. rent/lease 9 .3% 6 .8% 

871 Envir./engineering services 2 .7% 2 .6% 

872 Accounting auditing services 0 .6% 0 .5% 

873 Test/research services 3 6 .5% 5 .7% 

Total 100.0% 100.0% 

not elsewhere classified 

Z includes 3561 and 3563 

3 includes 8731, 8732 and 8734 

Source : DRI-McGraw Hill, 1993 ; Centaur, 1986 ; Foster Associates, 1994 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 15 
The component-by-component breakdowns for regular steel pipe and Norphlet pipelines are 

shown in Table 3 .2-3 . Pipeline contracting and tubulars account for the majority of pipelaying 

costs. The "steel pipe" category accounts for the cost of the actual pipe, while "pipeline 

construction" encompasses installation and labor costs. The DRI/Centaur component 

breakdowns are labeled in Table 3 .2-3 "Regular Steel Pipe." The primary change for Norphlet 

was in the cost of steel pipe, which was changed from 26 percent of total project cost to 37 

percent. This increase reflects the use of steel alloys in the pipelines. The tubular cost would be 

higher if an operator were to use CRA tubulars exclusively. The other components were not 

extensively modified . 

3.2 .2 .3 Platform Fabrication and Installation 

Norphlet production platforms are larger than regular GoM gas platforms because of the need for 

separation and dehydration facilities . They typically only have one well per platform compared 

to six to twelve on standard GoM platforms (Enecon, Inc ., 1994). Detached wells are connected 

to the platform by flowlines. A Norphlet central platform can cost from two to three times as 

much as a regular GoM gas platform because of the space requirements for processing (Enecon, 

Inc., 1994). Crew quarters are typically contained on a second platform for safety reasons, 

adding to cost. For instance, Exxon's Northwest Gulf Field houses 42 people on a connected 

platform reached by a bridge walkway (Gallagher et al ., 1994) . 

The component-by-component breakdown comparisons for platform fabrication and installation 

are shown in Table 3 .2-4 . The majority of the costs are devoted to the actual fabrication of the 

platform, which is performed on land in Texas or Louisiana. Most of the remainder goes toward 

installing the platform. The characteristics of Norphlet gas require special materials . All of the 

process piping on the platform, for example, is subjected to high temperature, high pressure 

stresses . About 40 to 50 percent of the piping on a platform is process piping (McDermott, Inc., 

1994a,b) . Platform fabricators have a range of options available to them to handle Norphlet gas. 

Some operators use chemistry-controlled carbon steel while others use CRA. Estimates of the 

cost of CRA platform piping ranged from two to eight times the cost of carbon steel, and 

estimates of additional labor requirements were significant as well (Exxon, Inc., 1994a; 

Universal Fabricators, Inc., 1994). The costs of process piping are included in the "shipbuilding" 

category. 

The component breakdowns shown in Table 3 .2-4 were developed from the DRI report for deepwater platforms, which share some characteristics with Norphlet. There was a slight increase in 

shipbuilding relative to other components to account for the expense of CRA process piping . 

Because the category "new gas utility facilities" is more closely related to onshore construction 

work, these expenditures were moved to the category "miscellaneous natural resource facility 

construction ." The new category more accurately reflects platform equipment. 

16 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 3.2-3 

Comparison of Component Cost Breakdowns 

for Coastal Alabama Norphlet Gas: 

Pipeline Contracting 

SIC Expense Category Regular Norphlet 

Code Steel Pine Pine 

131 O&G operations - - 

1381 New well drilling - - 

1382 O&G exploration - - 

1389 Other O&G field svcs. 2.1% 2.1% 

1629 Misc. natural resource facilities const. - - 

1629 New gas utility facilities - - 

1629 Pipeline construction 52.8% 46.6% 

2899 Chemicals, nec~ - - 

291 Petroleum fuel - - 

324 Hydraulic cement - - 

3317 Steel pipe 26.0% 37 .1% 

3443 Fabricated plate work - - 

3462 Iron & steel forgings - - 

3511 Turbines - - 

3533 O&G field machinery 0.1% 0.1% 

3559 Special industry machinery, nec' 6.2% 4.6% 

356 Pumps & compressorsz 3.4% 2 .9% 

3613 Switchgear - - 

3631 Construction machinery & equip. - 

3731 Shipbuilding - - 

3823 Instrumentation - - 

44 Water transport 1 .6% 1 .6% 

44 Air transport 0 .1% 0.1 

58 Eating/drinking places 0 .1% 0.1% 

7359 Misc . equip. rent lease - - 

871 Envir./engineering services 7 .5% 4.6% 

872 Accounting/auditing services 0.04% 0.04% 

873 Test/research services3 - - 

Total 100.0% 100.0% 

not elsewhere classified 

2 includes 3561 and 3563 

3 includes 8731, 8732 and 8734 

Source : DRI-McGraw Hill, 1993 ; Centaur, 1986; Foster Associates, 1994 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 17 
Table 3.2-4 

Comparison of Component Cost Breakdowns 

for Coastal Alabama Norphlet Gas: 

Platform Fabrication and Installation 

SIC 

Code 

Expense Category Preliminary 

Estimates 

Final 

Inputs 

131 O&G operations - - 

1381 New well drilling - - 

1382 O&G exploration - - 

1389 Other O&G field svcs. 0 .2% 0.2% 

1629 Misc. natural resource facilities const. - 19.5% 

1629 New gas utility facilities 15 .9% - 

1629 Pipeline construction - - 

2899 Chemicals, nec~ - 0.0% 

291 Petroleum fuel - - 

324 Hydraulic cement - - 

3317 Steel pipe 0.1% 0 .1 

3443 Fabricated plate work 0.7% 0 .7% 

3462 Iron & steel forgings 1 .3% 1 .4% 

3511 Turbines 0.8% 0 .8% 

3533 O&G field machinery 13 .7% 14 .3% 

3559 Special industry machinery, nec~ 10.2% 5 .4% 

356 Pumps & compressors 2 0.2% 0 .2% 

3613 Switchgear 0.2% 0 .2% 

3631 Construction machinery & equip. 1 .2% 1 .2% 

3731 Shipbuilding 44.3% 46 .2% 

3823 Instrumentation 3 .2% 3 .3% 

44 Water transport 1 .1% 1 .1 

44 Air transport 0.2% 0.2% 

58 Eating/drinking places 0 .2% 0.2% 

7359 Misc . equip. rent lease 0.04% 0 .04% 

871 Envir./engineering services 6 .4% 4.8% 

872 Accounting/auditing services 0 .3% 0.3% 

873 Test/research services3 - - 

Total 100.0% 100.0% 

not elsewhere classified 

2 includes 3561 and 3563 

3 includes 8731, 8732 and 8734 

Source: DRI-McGraw Hill, 1993 ; Centaur, 1986; Foster Associates, 1994. 

18 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
3.2 .2 .4 Onshore Gas Treatment Plant Construction 

The three major operators in Alabama state waters-Mobil, Exxon, and Shell-have constructed 

onshore gas treatment plants to process Norphlet gas so that it may enter the interstate pipeline 

system. These onshore treatment plants were constructed largely by local contractors with 

process equipment fabricated largely in Louisiana and Texas. Because the Centaur study did not 

address gas treatment plants, only the Foster-derived IMPLAN breakdowns are shown on Table 

3 .2-5 . Onshore gas treatment plant construction is dominated by New Gas Utility Facilities (SIC 

1629), consisting primarily of local construction contractors. Specialized machinery and 

equipment, O&G Field Machinery (SIC 3533) and Special Industrial Machinery (SIC 3559), 

come largely from Louisiana and Texas. 

3.2 .2.5 Production Operations and Maintenance (O&M) 

The component-by-component breakdown for Production O&M was verified from interviews 

with operators. The research did not yield any significant differences in O&M costs between 

Norphlet and other offshore gas facilities . Thus there is no change from "Preliminary Estimates" 

to "Final Inputs ." The breakdown is shown in Table 3 .2-6 . O&M is dominated by expenditures 

on specialized labor and services, and for transportation and fuel to deploy crews to offshore 

platforms. 

3.2 .2 .6 Summary of Component Breakdown for Offshore Activities 

Table 3.2-7 summarizes the final component-by-component breakdowns for the five offshore 

activities that are used in IMPLAN modeling . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 19 
Table 3 .2-5 

Component Cost Breakdown 

for Coastal Alabama Norphlet Gas: 

Onshore Gas Treatment Plant Construction 

SIC 

Code 

Expense Category Final 

Inputs 

131 O&G operations - 

1381 New well drilling - 

1382 O&G exploration - 

1389 Other O&G field svcs . 0.2% 

1629 Misc. natural resource facilities const. - 

1629 New gas utility facilities 65 .7% 

1629 Pipeline construction - 

2899 Chemicals, nec~ 0 .001% 

291 Petroleum fuel - 

324 Hydraulic cement - 

3317 Steel pipe 0.1% 

3443 Fabricated plate work 0.7% 

3462 Iron & steel forgings 1 .4% 

3511 Turbines 0.8% 

3533 O&G field machinery 14.3% 

3559 Special industry machinery, nec' 5 .4% 

356 Pumps & compressors 2 0.2% 

3613 Switchgear 0.2% 

3631 Construction machinery & equip . 1 .2% 

3731 Shipbuilding - 

3823 Instrumentation 3 .3% 

44 Water transport 1 .1 

44 Air transport 0.2% 

58 Eating/drinking places 0.2% 

7359 Misc. equip. rent/lease 0.0% 

871 Envir./engineering services 4.8% 

872 Accounting/auditing services 0.3% 

873 Test/research services3 - 

Total 100.0% 

not elsewhere classified 

Z includes 3561 and 3563 

3 includes 8731, 8732 and 8734 

Source: Foster Associates, 1994. 

20 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 3.2-6 

Comparison of Component Cost Breakdowns 

for Coastal Alabama Norphlet Gas: 

Production Operations and Maintenance 

SIC 

Code 

Expense Category Preliminary 

Estimates 

Final 

Inputs 

131 O&G operations 36 .3% 36.3% 

1381 New well drilling - - 

1382 O&G exploration - - 

1389 Other O&G field svcs. 18 .4% 18 .4% 

1629 Misc. natural resource facilities const. - - 

1629 New gas utility facilities - - 

1629 Pipeline construction - - 

2899 Chemicals, nec' 0 .9% 0.9% 

291 Petroleum fuel 4 .4% 4.4% 

324 Hydraulic cement 0 .7% 0.7% 

3317 Steel pipe - - 

3443 Fabricated plate work - - 

3462 Iron & steel forgings - - 

3511 Turbines - - 

3533 O&G field machinery 0 .0% 0.0% 

3559 Special industry machinery, nec' 5 .1% 5 .1% 

356 Pumps & compressors2 - - 

3613 Switchgear - - 

3631 Construction machinery & equip. - - 

3731 Shipbuilding - - 

3823 Instrumentation - - 

44 Water transport 4 .0% 4.0% 

44 Air transport 3 .8% 3 .8% 

58 Eating/drinking places 1 .7% 1 .7% 

7359 Misc . equip. rent/lease 1 .4% 1 .4% 

871 Envir./engineering services 14.7% 14.7% 

872 Accounting/auditing services 4.2% 4.2% 

873 Test/research services 3 4.5% 4.5% 

Total 100.0% 100.0% 

not elsewhere classified 

Z includes 3561 and 3563 

3 includes 8731, 8732 and 8734 

Source: DRI-McGraw Hill, 1993; Centaur, 1986; Foster Associates, 1994. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 21 
Table 3.2-7 

Composition of Coastal Alabama Offshore Operator Expenditures 

IMPLAN Percenta ge of Total Outla s b hase 

SIC Pipeline Onshore Produc- No. Activity Sector Exp/Dev Platform Code Construct- Treatment tion No. Drilling Fab/Inst . tion pant O&M 

1 Oil & gas operations 131 38* 36.3% 

2 New gas utility facilities 1629 50* 65 .7% 

3 Pipeline construction 1629 50* 46.6% 

4 New well drilling 1381 57* 13 .9% 

5 Oil & gas exploration 1382 57* 17 .3% 

6 Misc. natural resource facility 1629 53* 19 .5% 

const. 

7 Other O&G field services 1389 57* 5 .7% 2.1% 0 .2% 0.2% 18 .4% 

8 Chemicals, nec 2899 209 5 .7% 0 .0% 0.0% 0 .9% 

9 Petroleum fuels 291 210 3 .9% 4 .4% 

10 Hydraulic cement 324 232 4.1% 0 .7% 

11 Steel pipe 3317 303 20.6% 37.1% 0 .1% 0.1 

12 Iron & steel forgings 3462 290** 1 .4% 1 .4% 

13 Fabricated plate work 3443 284 0 .7% 0.7% 

14 Turbines 3511 307 0.8% 0.8% 

15 Construction machinery & equip. 3531 311 1 .2% 1 .2% 

16 O&G field machinery 3533 313 0.2% 0.1% 143% 14 .3% 0.0% 

17 Special industrial machinery, nec 3559 331** 7.1% 4.6% 5 .4% 5.4% 5 .1% 

18 Pumps & compressors 3561,63 332 2.9% 0.2% 0.2% 

19 Switchgear 3613 356 0.2% 0.2% 

20 Shipbuilding 3731 392 46.2% 

21 Instrumentation 3823 403** 3 .3% 33% 

22 Water transport 44 436 4.2% 1 .6% 1 .1% 1 .1% 4.0% 

23 Air transport 45 437 1 .5% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 3 .8% 

24 Misc. equip. rent/lease 7359 473 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 1 .4% 

25 Test/research facilities 8731,2,4 509 5.7% 4.5% 

26 Envir/engineering services 871 506 2.6% 4.6% 4.8% 4.8% 14 .7% 

27 Acctg/misc. business services 872,79 507 0.5% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 4.2% 

28 Eatin drinking laces 58 454 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 1 .7% 

Total 100% 1 100% 1 100% 1 100% i 100% l 

* Sector with modified output and earnings per worker (see text). 

** Sector added to Mobile County database (see text). 

Source: Tables 3.2-1 through 3 .2-6 . 

3 .2 .3 Additional Adjustments to the IMPLAN Pro Model 

In addition to the industry activity inputs described in Section 3 .2 .2, some additional 

modifications to the IMPLAN model were required . This section describes these changes . An 

underlying problem with the IMPLAN database set for Mobile County is the data lag for 

22 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
industries responding to the emergence of the offshore market. To make the IMPLAN Pro model 

more accurately reflect current economic conditions in the study areas and portray more 

realistically the effects of changes in offshore spending, some of the default values in the data 

were changed.' Modifications were made in two areas : 

" Industry earnings and employment were adjusted . 

" Custom impact scenarios were developed for state and local government spending of 

offshore tax revenues and trust fund interest . 

3.2 .3 .1 Revisions to Industry Earnings and Employment 

The first modification involved changing the values for output and earnings per worker in several 

offshore-related sectors because the default values in the Mobile County data set were much 

lower than the offshore industry typically pays its specially-qualified workers. The changes were 

necessary to avoid overestimating the numbers of workers that would be directly hired to work 

on offshore facilities. No changes were necessary for the statewide Alabama, Louisiana, or Texas 

data sets' output and earnings per offshore worker values. In the case of statewide Alabama, no 

direct offshore jobs are created outside of Mobile County. Output and earnings per offshore 

worker values for statewide Louisiana and Texas were not modified. These states' data sets 

already reflect the long establishment of these industries. 

In the column labeled "IMPLAN Sector No." in Table 3 .2-7, several of the items have asterisks 

attached . Sectors 38, 50, 53 and 57 (with a single asterisk) are directly related to offshore gas 

facility construction and operation activities . The default values in the Mobile County database 

for output and earnings per worker in these sectors are significantly lower than what the industry 

actually pays for the skilled workers used in offshore work. This reflects the (inevitable) lag in 

model providers being able to obtain timely data from the national sources (BEA and BLS) on 

changes in the structures of local economies. In the case of Mobile County, the database does not 

yet account adequately for the development of the Coastal Alabama offshore gas industry . 

The default values in the IMPLAN database for annual earnings per worker in these sectors are 

on the order of $20,000 to $25,000, whereas in reality the gross earnings per offshore worker 

(including benefits and employer contributions) run around $60,000 per year. Surveys of 

offshore operators provided the basis for modifying the model . The problem with using the 

default values for these sectors is that they would greatly overestimate the number of workers 

that would be hired per million dollars of construction/operation outlay . This bias would lead to 

the incorrect conclusion that many more people would have to be recruited to work on the 

offshore projects than actually were necessary . 

The IMPLAN model allows users to substitute data when they have better information than the 

default database, and this was done with the Mobile County model. The process involves editing 

° This discussion assumes that the reader is familiar with input-output modeling in general and with the structure and 

operating procedures of IMPLAN Pro in particular . A full description of the model is beyond the scope of this study, 

but MIG has a comprehensive Internet website at http :\\www.implan.com that fully describes its products and 

services . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 23 
values in the Region Data section of the model-specifically, altering the number of workers in 

the sector database-so as to yield correct levels of output and earnings per worker. 

3.2 .3.2 Modifications to State and Local Government Spending Sectors 

The second area of modification to IMPLAN involved construction of a custom set of impact 

scenarios for state and local government (SLG) spending. Government agencies and departments 

purchase supplies and services from the private sector, and these increases in government 

spending have an expansionary effect on the economy. The problem with the IMPLAN basic 

model is that the government sectors are : (1) highly aggregated (i .e ., SLG educational and noneducational expenditures are the only two general government sectors in the standard database) 

(government-owned enterprises like water and power utilities are treated separately); and (2) all 

the value of the SLG expenditures is treated as employee compensation. As a result, the default 

set generates no intermediate inputs of goods and services. The indirect effects, which reflect the 

stimulus of government spending on supplier industries, are not captured. Only induced effects 

from the government workers' consumption spending are captured. MIG recognized this 

problem and created a special set of production functions for the intermediate input requirements 

of a range of government activities, such as police, fire, welfare, health, redevelopment and the 

like . 

IMPLAN allows users to create new or customized sectors, so the necessary vectors were added 

to the model. The new vectors for various segments of the public sector (e.g., police, welfare, 

recreation, health, and natural resources) account for their consumption of non-labor goods and 

services. We thus were able to create sets of SLG spending that capture the full range of direct 

(employee compensation), indirect (suppliers' business) and induced (workers' consumption 

spending) impacts of SLG expenditures of offshore-related revenues. 

To utilize this SLG spending model it was first necessary to determine the functional (i .e ., 

departmental) composition of Mobile County's and the State of Alabama's general government 

spending. This was accomplished by obtaining their FY 1997 budgets, which not only identified 

the functional allocation of spending among departments like police, fire, etc. ; but also the 

portion of the total budget absorbed in government workers' wages and salaries . The next step 

was to combine the functional (non-labor) expenditures with the employee compensation values 

for each jurisdiction and derive their percentage shares of respective totals . The percentages were 

then converted to dollars whose total amounted to $1 million. These values were then fed into 

the Mobile County and statewide Alabama models to obtain the direct, indirect and induced 

effects coefficients for impacts on total output, personal income, and employment. 

Tables 3 .2-8 and 3.2-9 present the worksheets for determining the composition of SLG 

expenditures for Mobile County and statewide Alabama, respectively . The tables identify the 

SLG spending sectors that were added to the model . Note that for Mobile County, the final 

demand vectors for functional expenditures add up to $421,000, with employee compensation 

adding another $579,000 to complete the one million dollar base case. For statewide Alabama, 

the ratio was 38% functional expenditures and 62% employee compensation. These values were 

then run through the two jurisdictions' models to obtain coefficients of impacts of general 

24 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
government spending per million dollars of expenditures of offshore-related tax revenue and 

other income. 

Table 3.2-8 

Mobile County Government Expenditures, FY 1997 (Excluding Debt Service): 

Basis for Allocation of Spending Among Activities 

Distribution' (%) 

Function 1997 Exp 100% Norm. to 

$421k IMPLAN FD Activity 

General Government 28,865,341 33 .9% 142,616 cons exp other general government 

Public Safety 29,039,287 11 .4% 

11 .4% 

11 .4% 

47,825 

47,825 

47,825 

cons exp police 

cons exp fire fighting organizations 

cons exp correctional institutions 

Highway and Roads 13,292,649 15.6% 65,675 cons exp public highways 

Sanitation 1,089,145 1 .3% 5,381 cons exp sanitation 

Health 2,389,677 2.8% 11,807 cons exp hospitals & categorical 

Welfare 2,892,269 3 .4% 14,290 cons exp public welfare 

Culture and Recreation 2,264,929 2.7% 11,190 cons exp natural resources & agricultural 

Education 2,104,625 0.8% 

0.8% 

0.8% 

3,466 

3,466 

3,466 

cons exp public education 

cons exp elem & secondary ed 

cons other education & libraries 

Capital Outlay 2,150,756 2.5% 10,626 invest other general government 

Infrastructure Outlay 1,121,448 1 .3% 5,541 invest waterports and airports 

Total Functional 

Expenditures 85,210,124 100.0% 421,000 

Mobile County Employee Compensation 579,000 SLG 523 Empl Comp 

Total $1,000,000 

I Budget allocated 42.1% to procurements of intermediate inputs and 57.9% to employee compensation (per county budget) . 

Source: Mobile County Commission, 1998; Foster Associates, 1998. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 25 
Table 3.2-9 

Alabama General Government Expenditures, FY 1997 (excluding Debt Service): 

Basis for Allocation of Spending Among Activities 

Distribution) (%) 

Function 1997 Exp 

100% Norm. to IMPLAN FD Activity $000 $380k 

Economic Development 18,702 2.1% 7,935 invest waterports and airports 

Educational and Cultural 10,858 0.4% 1,536 cons exp elem & secondary ed 

0.4% 1,536 cons other education & libraries 

0.4% 1,536 cons exp public education 

Natural Resources & 

Recreation 7,781 0.9% 3,302 cons exp natural resources & agricultural 

Alabama Forever Wild Trustz 15,000 1 .7% 6,365 cons exp natural resources & agricultural 

Health - Physical & Mental 299,695 33 .5% 127,163 cons exp hospitals & categorical 

Social Services 55,322 6.2% 23,474 cons exp public welfare 

Protection of Persons & 

Property 281,867 10 .5% 39,866 cons exp correctional institutions 

10 .5% 39,866 cons exp fire fighting organizations 

10 .5% 39,866 cons exp police 

Transportation 350 0.04% 148 .5 cons exp public highways 

General Government 203,896 22.8% 86,515 cons exp other general government 

Capital Projects 36 0.004% 153 invest waterports and airports 

Transfers to Proprietary Funds 2,070 0.2% 878 invest other general government 

Total Functional 895,577 100.0% $380,000 Expenditures 

Subtotal Natural Resources 22,781 2.5% 9,666 cons exp natural resources & agricultural 

Subtotal Capital Projects 18,738 2.1% 7,951 invest waterports and airports 

Alabama State Gov. 

Comaensation $620,000 SLG 523 Empl Comp 

Total $1,000,000 1 

I Budget allocated 38% to procurements of intermediate inputs and 62% to employee compensation (per state budget). 

2 $15 million year for Alabama Forever Wild Trust based on long-term cap on total size of trust fund principal . 

Source: Alabama Dept. of Finance, 1998b. 

26 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
3.3 Gas Industry Spending Inputs 

Coastal Alabama development has entailed billions of dollars of investment by offshore 

operators . Since production began in 1988, the gas industry has incurred large and growing 

operations and maintenance (O&M) costs and has paid hundreds of millions of dollars into local, 

state and federal coffers for tax and royalty payments. These expenditures have had and will 

continue to have significant economic impacts on the regional economy. 

This section describes the expenditures related to the Coastal Alabama gas industry since 1982 . 

Section 3 .3 .1 describes industry expenditures on exploration, infrastructure, and ongoing 

operations related to Coastal Alabama production. Section 3 .3 .2 describes industry expenditures 

on exploration, infrastructure, and ongoing operations related to Destin Dome production. 

Section 3 .3 .3 describes the regional allocation of this spending between the Mobile County and 

Louisiana/Texas. 

3.3 .1 Expenditures by Coastal Alabama Producers 

Coastal Alabama producers have invested almost $3.7 billion in drilling and infrastructure 

(pipelines, platforms, and on- and offshore treatment facilities), and another $860 million in 

ongoing O&M, through 1998 to bring existing Coastal Alabama fields on line. To complete the 

development of existing Coastal Alabama state and federal fields', producers will invest $300 

million more in infrastructure and $2 .2 billion in O&M through 2020. Tables 3 .3-1a and 3 .3-1b 

show estimated capital expenditures for Coastal Alabama fields divided among the five 

categories discussed in Section 3 .2. To formulate these estimates, unit cost data for Coastal 

Alabama developments were solicited from major producers. Information gathered included 

capital expenditures broken down into significant categories, schedules of expenditures, principal 

contractors involved, O&M costs, and reserves. Published data of this kind is scarce because 

companies consider the information proprietary. 

Figure 3 .3-1 separates the costs of Coastal Alabama gas production among Drilling, 

Infrastructure (pipelines, platforms, and processing), and O&M to show how the phases of 

development have progressed since 1982 and will continue over the next 20 years. Drilling and 

Infrastructure expenditures entail a large segment of specialized contractors and supplies largely 

provided from Louisiana and Texas. Ongoing O&M, which has only recently become a large 

part of the cost of operations, requires more support from local service sectors and uses both 

local hires and offshore workers from outside the area. 

Cost estimates are conservative, reflecting lower bound expenditures so that effects on the 

general economy are not overstated . The assumptions and estimates used as inputs to the 

regional economic model are discussed in the following subsections . 

' Those shown on Table 6.15 in the History Report. These estimates do not include blocks in the area that may be 

leased in MMS Lease Sale 181 in the Eastern GoM or Central Gulf Sale 172. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 27 
Table 3.3-1a 

Total Coastal Alabama Operators' Expenditures by Activity: 1982 - 1998 

(Millions of Dollars) 

Year 

Exp/Dev 

Drilling 

Pipeline 

Contracting 

Activities 

Platform 

Fab/Inst 

Onshore Gas 

Plants 

Production 

O&M 

Total 

Capital Cost 

(Excl.O&M) 

1982 51 .4 - - - - 51.4 

1983 67 .1 - - - - 67.1 

1984 179 .4 - 6.0 - - 185.4 

1985 245 .7 4.0 6 .0 - - 255.7 

1986 115 .1 25.0 - 10.0 - 150.1 

1987 138 .2 - 48 .2 60.0 - 246.4 

1988 100 .9 - 45 .7 5.0 3 .4 151 .6 

1989 59 .4 20.0 6.0 25.0 4.7 110.4 

1990 122 .0 69.0 75 .7 55.0 7.2 321 .7 

1991 210 .7 98 .0 105 .7 55.0 13 .0 469.4 

1992 100 .9 71 .0 128 .9 60.0 71 .6 360.8 

1993 106 .6 53.5 170.6 105.0 78.6 435.7 

1994 180 .9 6.5 114.2 - 126.0 301 .6 

1995 57 .3 19.5 61 .0 - 128.2 137.8 

1996 98 .7 22 .5 25 .0 - 127.7 146.2 

1997 102 .9 64 .5 - 5 .0 143 .5 172.4 

1998 82 .5 33 .0 5 .0 - 155.4 120.5 

Subtotal 1982-1998 

$2,019 .8 $486.5 $798.0 $380.0 $859.3 $3,684 .3 

I Expenditures from 1982 to 1997 are current dollars. Expenditures after 1997 are constant 1998 dollars. 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 ; Chevron USA, Inc., 1996. 

28 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 3.3-1b 

Total Coastal Alabama Operators' Expenditures by Activity: 1999 - 2020 

(Millions of Dollars) 1 

Year 

Exp/Dev 

Drilling 

Pipeline 

Contracting 

Activities 

Platform 

Fab/Inst 

Onshore Gas 

Plants 

Production 

O&M 

Total 

Capital Cost 

(Exc1.0&M) 

1999 105 .1 7.5 20.0 5 .0 169.1 137.6 

2000 56 .6 30.0 20.0 - 181 .9 106.6 

2001 25 .0 - 5 .0 - 180.9 30.0 

2002 - - - - 175 .1 - 

2003 25 .0 - 5 .0 - 167.6 30.0 

2004 - - - - 159.0 - 

2005 - - - - 148.4 - 

2006 - - - - 137.7 - 

2007 - - - - 125.2 - 

2008 - - - - 117.6 - 

2009 - - - - 100.1 - 

2010 - - - - 84.0 - 

2011 - - - - 77 .7 - 

2012 - - - - 69 .0 - 

2013 - - - - 63 .9 - 

2014 - - - - 59 .0 - 

2015 - - - - 48 .7 - 

2016 - - - - 38 .9 - 

2017 - - - - 35 .9 - 

2018 - - - - 28 .9 - 

2019 - - - - 27 .1 - 

2020 - - - - 25 .4 - 

Subtotal 1982-1998 

$211.7 $37.5 $50.0 $5.0 $2,220.8 $304.2 

I Expenditures from 1982 to 1997 are current dollars. Expenditures after 1997 are constant 1998 dollars . 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998; Chevron USA, Inc., 1996. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 29 
$600 

$500 

$400 

o $300 

.° $200 

.r 

$100 

WO 

N ~ ~O o0 O N ~ ~O 00 O N ~ ~O c0 O N ~ 110 c0 O 

00 00 00 00 C7, O'~ O~ Q~ O~ O O O O O O~ O~ ~ ~ O~ ~ ~ ON O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Drilling D Infrastructure D O&M 

Figure 3.3-1 . Total Expenditures by Stage of Production from Total Coastal Alabama 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1994, 1996, 1998. 

3.3.1 .1 Exploratory and Development Drilling 

The largest single cost category is exploratory and development drilling . Norphlet wells are 

extremely expensive due to their depth-in excess of 20,000 feet, or 4 miles-and due to the 

expensive alloys required in the tubular materials . The wells and related controls must handle 

extreme conditions, as described in Section 3 .2 .2 . Moreover, the wells are drilled under zero 

discharge conditions ; all discharges are collected and barged to shore for disposal . Norphlet 

wells cost in excess of $20 million to drill and usually require over six months of work. Well 

completion adds another $5 million. Miocene wells were assumed to cost $1 .0 million where 

actual data were not available. Table 3.3-2 summarizes these Exploratory and Development 

Drilling cost assumptions. These are average costs developed following conversations with all 

Table 3.3-2 

Exploratory and Development Drilling Cost Assumptions 

Expenditures Well type 

per Well Miocene Norphlet Cretaceous 

Drilling $ 1,000,000 $ 20,000,000 $ 10,000,000 

Completion $500,000 $5,000,000 $2,000,000 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

30 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
major Coastal Alabama offshore producers. When operators provided specific cost estimates for 

particular facilities, they are used in place of the average values . The expenditure stream shown 

in Tables 3 .3-1a and 3 .3-1b were developed by applying these unit drilling and, if applicable, 

completion costs to each well drilled in the study area. 

3.3 .1 .2 Platforms 

Production platforms are pile structures that support deck-processing facilities, crew quarters, 

and wells. Operators also use remote well caissons, which house single wells that send their gas 

to the main field platform. Each of Exxon's three State of Alabama gas fields (North Central 

Gulf, Northwest Gulf, and Bon Secour Bay), for instance, contains a central production platform 

and three or four remote producing wells that are connected to the main platform by flow lines. 

Most Norphlet platforms have some type of treatment facilities, ranging from dehydration units 

to complete on-platform processing facilities . Offshore treatment facilities are included in 

platform cost assumptions. Production-processing platforms such as Unocal's 904 or Chevron's 

864, which have complete gas processing facilities, cost about $40 million-double the cost of a 

typical Norphlet production platform. 

Platforms are assumed to be installed on a four leg "jacket." Table 3 .3-3 details assumptions used 

for offshore structure cost and construction time where specific platform data were not available. 

To develop the cost estimates on Table 3 .3-1, the unit costs were multiplied by a matrix of 

structures identified in databases maintained by MMS and the Alabama Oil & Gas Board.2 Costs 

were then spread over the relevant construction periods. 

Table 3.3-3 

Offshore Structure Cost Assumptions 

Offshore Structure Type Const. Time 

(Years) 

Cost 

($ Million) 

Production-Processing Platform 2 $40.0 

Norphlet Production Platform 2 $20.0 

Norphlet Well Platform 1 .5 $12.0 

Norphlet Caisson 0 .5 $5 .0 

Miocene Production Platform 0 .5 $5.0 

Miocene Well Platform 1 $6.0 

Miocene Caisson 0.25 $1 .5 

Living Quarters Platform 0 .5 $5.0 

Bridge-Connected Well Platform 1 70%' 

~ Bridge-connected well platforms cost 30% less than comparable single 

well platforms. 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

2 Shown in Tables 6.16 and 6.17 in the History Report. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 31 
3.3 .1 .3 Onshore Gas Treatment Plants 

Gas treatment facilities in Coastal Alabama consist of the four onshore plants that receive sour 

gas from Mobil, Shell and Exxon, strip out the contaminants (notably, HZS) and convert the gas 

to pipeline quality methane. Sulfur is sold as a by-product. A small allowance is included in this 

category for shore-based facilities at both the gas plant sites and the Theodore Industrial Park 

(dock, storage, warehouse, offices, etc .) . 

3.3 .1 .4 Pipelines 

Pipelines include the gathering systems that bring gas ashore to one of the four gas plants, or 

connect directly to the interstate pipeline system onshore or offshore . Included within the 

estimates is the Dauphin Island Gathering System (DIGS), a common carrier pipeline within the 

Mobile Bay area. Four to five pipes serving different functions are bundled together in typical 

Norphlet production systems. Even a short run to shore can contain miles of pipe, as is the case 

from the Mary Ann 76AUX platform to the Mary Ann Plant, which has 70 miles of connecting 

pipe of differing quality in a 5-pipe bundle. These pipes bring untreated Norphlet gas to shore 

and return recycled fluids, among other things, to the platform. 

Due to different purposes, sizes, and lengths of the various pipes within bundles and different 

company approaches to manage the challenges of transporting Norphlet gas and related 

chemicals, Foster conducted a survey to ascertain the pipeline costs by field, by operator, by 

year. Estimates on Table 3.3-1a and 3.3-1b are the aggregation across fields of annual pipeline 

costs provided by operators . Our estimates show total investment of $524 million in pipelines 

spent or planned to bring the existing Coastal Alabama Norphlet fields into production. Miocene 

pipeline costs are not explicitly included; we assume that the DIGS cost largely includes the 

transportation costs for the Miocene fields . 

3.3 .1 .5 Operations and Maintenance 

Annual operating expenses are shown on Tables 3 .3-1a and 3 .3-1b . O&M costs rose from near 

zero in 1988, when production first began, to over $75 million in 1993 . They are expected to 

exceed $150 million in 1998. O&M costs follow production ; we assume an average unit O&M 

cost of $0.36 per MCF. This includes the cost of operating both platforms, gas treatment plants 

and shore-based support activities . The O&M rate was derived from interviews with the four 

largest Coastal Alabama producers: Mobil, Shell, Exxon, and Chevron. Recognizing that there 

are economies of scale related to the cost per MCF of producing gas, more complicated costing 

schemes were examined. None was chosen, however, because greater accuracy would have 

required substantially more modeling effort . Since a standard unit cost was used, total annual 

costs may be upwardly biased during peak years, but are likely to be downwardly biased during 

start-ups and during years of declining production . 

3.3 .2 Destin Dome OCS Development Expenditures 

Beyond the 1994-1996 exploration well on Destin Dome Block 96, Destin Dome OCS 

expenditures and local activity will begin with a $60 million expenditure in 1999. Chevron will 

32 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
$600 

$500 

$400 

o $300 

y 

b 

.° $200 

. .. 

$100 

$0 

M AL State D Mobile OCS D Destin Dome 

Figure 3.3-2 . Offshore Operator Spending from Total Coastal Alabama and Destin 

Dome OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1994, 1996, 1998. 

spend over $200 million on infrastructure development in 2000 in preparation for a 2001 

production start. The operator provided expenditure forecasts for Destin Dome OCS 

development. Figure 3 .3-2 shows how Destin Dome OCS expenditures will extend Coastal 

Alabama offshore development activity, which would otherwise slow substantially after 2000. 

Development of the Norphlet gas reserves in Coastal Alabama and eastward to the Destin Dome 

OCS will provide an economic stimulus to the Gulf Coast that will last for 20 years or more. Not 

counting lease bonus payments or annual O&M costs, development of Destin Dome OCS will 

add over $500 million to the nearly $4 billion cost of the build-out for ongoing Coastal Alabama 

development. O&M expenses will add another $500 million through 2020 . 

Table 3 .3-4 shows how Destin Dome OCS development expenditures will be divided among 

drilling, infrastructure, and production activities. Development expenditures peak in 2000 at 

$202 million. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 33 

N ~ \~G o0 O N ~ \~O o0 O N ~ ~ 00 O N ~ ~O c0 O 

00 00 00 00 O'\ O~ O~ G'~ O*s O O O O O 

O1\ O~ ~ Q*N OI\ O~ O~ cl~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 
Table 3.3-4 

Destin Dome Expenditures by Activity 

(Millions of Dollars) 1 

Activities Total 

Exp/Dev Pipeline Platform Onshore Gas Production Capital Cost 

Year Drilling Contracting Fab/Inst Plants O&M (Excl.O&1V) 

1994 20.0 - - - - 20.0 

1995 10.0 - - - - 10.0 

1996 10.0 - - - - 10.0 

1997 - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - 

1999 37.0 - 20 .0 5 .0 - 62 .0 

2000 74.0 45 .0 78 .0 5 .0 - 202 .0 

2001 52.0 32 .0 22 .0 - 15 .1 106.0 

2002 38 .0 2 .0 19.0 - 28.9 59.0 

2003 21 .0 2 .0 19.0 - 35.5 42 .0 

2004 - - - - 39.5 - 

2005 - - - - 39.4 - 

Subtotal 1994-2005 

262.0 81 .0 158 .0 10.0 158.4 511 .0 

2006 - - - - 39.4 - 

2007 - - - - 39.4 

2008 - - - - 39 .5 - 

2009 - - - - 39 .4 - 

2010 - - - - 39 .4 - 

2011 - - - - 26 .9 - 

2012 - - - - 23 .7 - 

2013 - - - - 21 .0 - 

2014 - - - - 18 .4 - 

2015 - - - - 16 .4 - 

2016 - - - - 15 .2 - 

2017 - - - - 13 .1 - 

2018 - - - - 11 .8 - 

2019 - - - - 10 .5 - 

2020 - - - - 9 .9 - 

'Expenditures from 1982 to 1997 are in current dollars. Expenditures after 1997 are in constant 1998 dollars. 

Source: Chevron USA, Inc ., 1996. 

34 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
3.3 .3 Allocation of Expenditures Between LA/TX and Mobile County 

Little expertise exists in Mobile County to support the technical requirements of drilling wells, 

building and equipping platforms, or laying unique CRA and controlled-chemistry carbon steel 

pipelines that bring sour gas ashore for processing . Not all of the work, however, is so 

specialized. All of the offshore work, for example, is staged from Mobile County. Field offices 

line manage the work from Theodore, Alabama. Substantial general construction employing 

local workers has occurred, notably during the construction of the four onshore gas treatment 

plants . Site preparation and building in the Theodore area also has created general construction 

opportunities. 

Table 3 .3-5 shows how estimates of the Coastal Alabama operators' past and future expenditures 

for each activity are allocated between Mobile County businesses and the established offshore 

industry contractors in Louisiana and Texas. The proportions are estimated on the basis of a 

variety of sources, including the Centaur and DRI studies and contact with the OCS operators 

and contractors discussed previously in Section 3 .2 . The IMPLAN historical database on local 

production capability (Regional Purchase Coefficients) was examined to infer what percentage 

of inputs might be supplied locally. The balance of these sums are assumed to be spent in the 

Louisiana/Texas combined economies. 

Table 3.3-5 

Mobile and LA/TX Components of Offshore 

Operator Expenditures 

Activity Mobile 

Component 

LA/TX 

Component 

Exploration & development drilling 15% 85% 

Pipeline contracting 10% 90% 

Platform construction 15% 85% 

Onshore gas treatment plants 70% 30% 

Production operations and maintenance 85% 15% 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Production O&M activities are assumed to be provided mostly by local hires and relocating 

employees. Many of the the oil and gas field workers have not previously lived in the area. 

Based on conversations with representatives from Mobil, the longest operating producer, gas 

field workers, who currently work seven-days-on, seven-days-off, are migrating to the area. 

Figure 3.3-3 shows how the total Mobile County and LA/TX expenditures compare for Coastal 

Alabama and Destin Dome OCS production . Expenditures in LA/TX include specialized drilling 

and fabrication services that will be phased out once the main structures are built, but the 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 35 
magnitude of O&M will have a large, continuing impact on the Mobile County and Alabama 

economies. 

600 

500 

0 400 

A 

0 300 

a 

.° 200 .. 

100 

0 

N 't ~1O o0 O N d' ~10 00 O N "Zt IC o0 O N 't ~O o0 O 

00 00 W o0 O" O" O'~ O" ON O O O O O - - - - - N OII O" Q~ OII ON U Q~ all O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Mobile County D LA/TX 

Figure 3.3-3. Comparison of Mobile County to LA/TX Operator Expenditures from 

Total Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1994, 1996, 1998. 

36 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
3.4 Government Spending Inputs : Gas Industry Bonus, Royalty and Tax Payments 

The State of Alabama has derived significant revenues from the leasing and development of 

natural gas resources in its coastal waters . These payments include moneys collected from lease 

sales, production royalties, and taxes. Because no appreciable oil discoveries have taken place in 

the study areas, all government revenues are attributed to natural gas. The following sections 

describe the direct fiscal stimuli to the state and local governments from offshore leasing since 

1979. Section 3 .4 .1 explains the fiscal impacts these regions have experienced to date . Section 

3 .4 .2 presents a forecast of these impacts through 2020. These sections are summarized in 

Section 3 .4 .3 . 

Offshore gas development in federal OCS waters has also raised significant revenues for the 

federal government. Royalty revenues paid to the U.S . government by offshore operators are 

described for the Mobile OCS and for the Destin Dome OCS area in Section 3 .4 .4 . 

3.4 .1 Historic Gas Industry Payments to Alabama 

The State of Alabama collects several types of revenues from oil and gas operators for lease and 

drilling rights in state waters . Historically, the most significant source of revenue has been the 

one-time bonus payments, which are collected in conjunction with offshore lease sales. Ongoing 

revenue sources include royalty payments and severance taxes, both of which are assessed 

according to the value of gas produced. 

3.4.1.1 Lease Sale Bonus Payments to Alabama 

Bonus payments are one-time payments to the state from potential operators at the time the lease 

sale is held. Typically, the operator offering the largest bid (bonus payment) for a specific tract 

is granted the rights to explore that tract for the term of the lease. 

The significance of Mobil's gas discovery in the Lower Mobile Bay-Mary Ann Field in 1979 was 

evident in the substantial increase in bonus payments to the state in subsequent lease sales. The 

high bonus payments received from 1981 and 1984 lease sales were an indication of the 

industry's confidence in the economic potential of Mobile Bay gas resources. Bonus payments 

received for leases issued prior to 1979 ranged from one dollar to about $40,000 per block; in 

contrast, the state lease sale held in 1981 collected a bonus payment of $137 million from Exxon 

for state block 112. Section 2 .0 of the History Report describes the lease sales in detail . 

The bonus payments collected in conjunction with offshore lease sales have been a significant 

source of revenue to Alabama. Offshore bonus payments from the mid-1950s totaled only 

$500,000 ; bonus payments since 1979 total $858 million. Table 3 .4-1 summarizes these 

payments. In 1981, the largest payment year, bonus payments reached almost $450 million. 

Only one bid was accepted in the 1982 lease sale, garnering $3 .1 million. The number of tracts 

offered in 1984 increased substantially and was met with competitive bidding; this sale collected 

bonus moneys of almost $350 million. In 1988, Alabama received about $58 million in bonus 

payments. The next round of leases accepted by the State of Alabama was from sales in 1993, 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 37 
Table 3.4-1 

Bonus and Royalty Payments to the State of Alabama from 

Offshore Gas Leasing and Production 

(Millions $) 

Offshore Lease 

Bonus 

Payments 

Gas Production 

Royalty 

Payments 

1981 $449.2 n/a 

1982 $3 .1 n/a 

1983 - n/a 

1984 $347.5 n/a 

1985 - n/a 

1986 - n/a 

1987 - n/a 

1988 $58.1 $1 .5 

1989 - $3 .3 

1990 - $1 .0 

1991 - $4.7 

1992 - $17.9 

1993 $3 .1 $46.9 

1994 $0.8 $89.8 

1995 - $70.8 

1996 - $101 .8 

1997 $6.7 $107.5 

Total 1981 - 1997 $868.5 $445.4 

Source : Alabama Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources, 1998 . 

1994 and 1997. Three tracts were leased in 1993 for $3 .0 million in bonus payments, and four 

tracts were leased in 1997 for $6 .7 million. 

After the 1981 lease sale, Alabama politicians were bedazzled by the bonus bonanza, which they 

viewed as a "one-time thing. . . . a once in a lifetime opportunity to solve the majority of problems 

facing the State of Alabama," Governor [Fob James] said in April 1981 . Governor James 

articulated a list of capital projects from prisons to bridges, and a controversy emerged as to how to 

spend the money. The Senate ultimately approved a resolution by Senator H. L. "Sonny" Callahan 

of Mobile "to set the money aside in an invested trust fund and spend only the . . . interest. . . . 

[leaving] a legacy for the future . . . " (Birmingham Post Herald, 1981 .) Governor James 

subsequently proposed to the state legislature that a perpetual trust fund be established to ensure 

that the State of Alabama would continue to benefit from the bonus proceeds. 

38 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Two trust funds were established to maintain the principal funds over time. The first, the 

Heritage Trust Fund, was established after the 1981 lease sale (March 1982) and is administered 

by the Alabama Department of Finance. Provisions of the trust fund require that only the interest 

be distributed for statewide use. A second fund, the Alabama Trust Fund, was established in 

December 1984 following the 1984 lease sale . Bonus and royalty payments received after 1984 

were directed to the Alabama Trust Fund, with provisions similar to the Heritage Trust Fund 

that only the annual accrued interest could be spent. In 2001 the Heritage Trust Fund will be 

formally rolled into the Alabama Trust Fund so that only one fund is maintained. 

In FY 1997, the corpus balance of the Heritage Trust Fund was almost $467 million. The 

Alabama Trust Fund capital balance stood at about $999 million, having grown with the receipt 

of state royalty payments and the state's 27 percent share of federal 8(g) royalty payments . The 

8(g) payments accrue from producing federal OCS leases within three to six miles beyond the 

state's coastal boundary. Since 1986, annual interest from both funds averaged about $100 

million, as shown on Table 3 .4-2. The majority of annual interest earnings are transferred into 

the state's general fund, where it has amounted to between 11 - 12 percent of the general fund in 

recent years. 

Beginning in fiscal year 1992-1993, a percentage of interest earned from the Alabama Trust 

Fund was transferred to the Forever Wild Trust Fund, a fund established as part of the Forever 

Wild Program for the acquisition of lands for public use. In FY 1993 payments to the fund 

totaled $1 .8 million. Payments increase by one percent per year up to 10 percent and totaled $4.9 

million in FY 1997. After FY 1998, 10 percent of the annual earnings from the Alabama Trust 

Fund will be directed to Forever Wild, not to exceed $15 million in any year. 

3.4 .1 .2 Gas Production Royalty Payments to Alabama 

Royalty payments are based on the value of gas production . The percentage of value assessed 

varies by operator based on the payment terms arranged when tracts were leased . For instance, 

all offshore tracts leased prior to 1967 were subject to a 12.5 percent royalty assessment. With 

the lease sale of 1969, the rate was increased to 16.67 percent of value. After that time, leases 

were granted with royalty terms from 16.67 percent upwards to 28 percent. All tracts leased in 

the 1981 sale were contracted with royalty rates from 20 to 28 percent. After the 1981 sale the 

royalty rate was lowered to between 16.67 and 20 percent for some leases . However, conditions 

were placed on these leases whereby a higher royalty rate would be assessed at some future 

point. This "point" is designated as the time of "payout"-when the operator recovers all costs 

of exploration, drilling, and development. This type of agreement has been common in recent 

lease offerings. 

Royalty payments vary by operator because producers are allowed to deduct some production 

costs from the total value of production (Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural 

Resources, 1998). Lease agreements differ by operator and are confidential ; the lead state agency 

could not provide further detail about the nature of deductible costs. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 39 
Table 3.4-2 

State of Alabama Oil and Gas Trust Fund Balances and Interest Earned 

(Millons $) 

Fiscal 

Year 

Alabama Heritage 

Trust Fund Trust Fund 

Corpus Corpus 

Balance Balance 

Total 

Corpus 

Balance of 

Trust Funds 

Alabama Heritage 

Trust Fund Trust Fund 

Interest Interest 

Income Income 

Payments 

to Forever 

Wild Trust 

Fund 

Total Trust 

Fund 

Income to 

General 

Fund 

1984-85 $334.0 $479.8 $813 .8 $7.8 $66.7 -- $69.1 ' 

85-86 $399.9 $479.8 $879.7 $39.8 $61 .0 -- $100.8 

86-87 $400 .6 $479.8 $880.4 $39.2 $59.9 -- $99.1 

87-88 $455 .2 $479 .8 $935 .0 $39.0 $58.8 -- $97.8 

88-89 $460 .2 $467 .3 $927.5 $45.3 $60.8 -- $106.1 

89-90 $465 .9 $466 .8 $932.7 $44.9 $54.4 -- $99.3 

90-91 $472 .1 $466 .8 $938.9 $44.7 $60.8 -- $105.5 

91-92 $501 .2 $466 .8 $968.0 $42.7 $50.9 -- $93.6 

92-93 $571 .5 $466 .8 $1,038.3 $43.6 $55.7 $1 .8 $97.6 

93-94 $677 .7 $466 .8 $1,144 .5 $42.8 $51 .8 $2.1 $92.4 

94-95 $757 .4 $466 .8 $1,224 .2 $50.5 $51 .9 $3 .0 $99.4 

95-96 $873 .6 $466 .8 $1,340 .4 $54.5 $51 .8 $3 .8 $102.4 

96-97 $999 .4 $466 .8 $1,466 .2 $61 .2 $53.0 $4.9 $109.3 

' In FY 1984-85 only $2.42 million of ATF interest income went to the General Fund . 

Source : Alabama Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources, 1998 . 

Table 3.4-1 summarizes the annual offshore-gas royalty payments collected by the State of 

Alabama between 1988 and 1997. When gas production increased, royalty payments generally 

followed suit . Royalty payments decreased in some years due to variance in gas production and 

prices, terms of the producing leases, and from allowable deductions . Royalty payments to the 

Alabama Trust Fund from offshore gas production totaled approximately $107.5 million in FY 

1997. Cumulative payments have totaled $445 million since they began in 1988 . 

3.4 .1 .3 Gas Production Severance Tax 

Gas produced in Alabama is subject to a severance tax, administered through the Alabama 

Department of Revenue. The severance tax includes both privilege taxes and production taxes, 

which are assessed on the basis of "engaging in the business of producing or severing oil or gas 

within the state" (Alabama Department of Revenue, 1997). 

40 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Tax and royalty payments are assessed based on the "gross" production value in a market 

transaction; that is, "the proceeds received by the producer for the gas at the point of production 

under terms of a market transaction." (Alabama Dept. of Revenue, 1997 .) The expected market 

value for forecast production is estimated using guidelines for non-market transactions . 

The State of Alabama specifies that in a non-market transaction a "workback" price must be 

established; that is, "a price from which to workback to the point of production ." (Alabama Dept. 

of Revenue, 1997 .) The workback price may be established using ". . .certain indexes of value 

commonly employed for the determination of the price of certain hydrocarbons ." (Alabama 

Dept. of Revenue, 1997.) 

Typically, privilege taxes are assessed at eight percent of gross value of hydrocarbons. 

Exemptions to privilege taxes have been granted in recent years depending on the type of 

offshore well . For instance, wells producing 200,000 cubic feet or less of gas a day on or after 

July 1988 are taxed at four percent. Production from wells drilled to depths greater than 18,000 

feet is taxed at six percent. Other exemptions exist for occluded gas wells, enhanced recovery 

projects, and discovery wells. Based on individual circumstances, privilege taxes are assessed at 

from two to eight percent of gross value of production For this analysis the average privilege 

tax rate is assumed to be six percent. 

Production taxes are always assessed at two percent of gross value of hydrocarbons . Together, 

severance tax rates total from 4-10 percent'. Tax is based on the gross value of the hydrocarbons 

at the point of production, which is defined as the mouth of the well " . . .where the well 

production is severed from the soil or the waters, or from beneath the soil or the waters" 

(Alabama Department of Revenue, 1997). For this analysis the average combined severance tax 

rate is assumed to be eight percent. 

In addition to the state severance tax levied on offshore gas producers, in 1993 Baldwin County 

began to collect an additional one percent of the value of gas production from all operators 

within the county's jurisdiction (Alabama Department of Revenue, 1997). Revenues are 

deposited into the "Baldwin County One Percent Oil and Gas Severance Tax Fund ." Fund 

provisions require that the fund reach $15 million before the interest can be spent. Once the fund 

reaches $15 million, the tax will cease (Baldwin County Treasurer's Office, 1998). To date, 

interest proceeds have not been distributed to the county or its municipalities . 

Severance Tax Revenues to the State of Alabama 

Severance tax payments are collected for each gas-producing county . A state collector in each 

county receives wire transfer directly from the operator . The distribution of severance tax 

revenues is as follows: production tax revenues (100 percent) are directed to the state's general 

' A recent amendment to the state severance tax laws allows a reduction in the tax rate applicable to both privilege 

and production taxes for wells permitted after July 1, 1996 and before July 1, 1999 . This law permits a 50 percent 

reduction in the applicable tax rate for any well permitted during this period . The tax reduction applies "for a period 

of five years commencing with commercial production" (Alabama Department of Revenue, 1997). For qualifying 

wells, tax rates therefore will temporarily range from one to four percent of gross value of production . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 41 
fund; privilege taxes are dispersed to the state's general fund (90 percent) and to the county from 

which the tax was assessed (10 percent) . 

Severance tax collections began in 1988 when gas was first produced for sale . Historic 

production tax data could not be obtained from the state. Up until 1992 only one producer paid 

production tax, and disclosure is prohibited. Production-tax payments to Alabama since 1992 

could not be verified by state contacts and were therefore estimated based on historic production, 

gas prices and the cost allowance assumptions defined for the forecast analysis. (See Section 

3 .4 .2 .2 .) 

From these inputs production tax revenues were estimated to total almost $5 .75 million in 1997 . 

Estimates for previous years are shown on Table 3 .4-3 . Privilege tax collections from state 

production are also summarized on Table 3 .4-3 . Total severance tax revenues received by the 

state, coastal counties and Dauphin Island since 1988 are shown. In 1993, receipts doubled from 

the previous year to $10 million and have continued to increase significantly, totaling almost $19 

million in 1997. 

Severance Tax Revenues to Mobile County 

As noted above, 10 percent of privilege tax revenues from offshore production are distributed to 

the counties from which they are collected . Table 3 .4-3 shows revenue distributions to Mobile 

County since 1988. Payments to Mobile County were first recorded for FY 1988 in the amount 

of about $15,000. Offshore revenues to Mobile County peaked in FY 1993 at almost $600,000. 

In 1994, Mobile County began to receive additional funds related to wells producing off Dauphin 

Island. Although the wells are located offshore, they are positioned within the Town of Dauphin 

Island's jurisdiction . As a result the wells are designated as "onshore." This designation is 

important because the State of Alabama Privilege and Production Tax Laws specify a different 

revenue allocation formula for production from onshore wells. The result is a greater allocation 

to counties and jurisdictions than the simple 90/10 split specified for offshore production . In this 

case, tax revenues from production within Dauphin Island's jurisdiction are allocated 

approximately 64 percent to the state, 30 percent to Mobile County and 6 percent to Dauphin 

Island . 

Actual revenues from Dauphin Island's "onshore" wells received by the state and Mobile County 

since 1994 could not be obtained because, according to state and county sources, revenues from 

these wells are not distinguished in financial records pertaining to onshore wells. Foster 

Associates therefore estimated these revenues using historical payments received by Dauphin 

Island and the tax allocation formula specified in Section 40-20-8 of the State of Alabama 

Privilege and Production Tax Laws . For Mobile County, estimated payments related to Dauphin 

Island "onshore" gas production since 1994 were more than four times greater than revenues 

from other offshore wells . Revenues to the state were also significant, averaging $3 .3 million 

annually . 

42 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
n 0 

A 

a 

oA 

0 

n 

Table 3.4-3 

Severance Tax Receipts by the State of Alabama, Coastal Counties and Dauphin Island 

from Offshore Gas Production in State Waters 

(Millions $) 

Fiscal 

Year 

Production 

Tax 

Revenue' 

State of Alabama 

Privilege Tax Revenue 

Z Dauphin Is . Offshore "Onshore"' 

Total 

Receipts 

Mobile County 

Privilege Tax Revenue 

, Dauphin Is . Offshore ~~Onshore"' 

otal 

Receipts 

Baldwin County 

Privilege Tax 

= Revenue 

Dauphin Is. 

Privilege Tax 

4 

Revenue 

Total 

Offshore 

Severance 

Tax Revenue 

1988 na $0.24 -- $0.24 $0.01 -- $0.01 $0 .01 -- $0.26 

1989 na $0 .92 -- $0.92 $0.06 -- $0.06 $0 .04 -- $1 .03 

1990 na $0 .59 -- $0.59 $0.04 -- $0.04 $0 .03 -- $0.65 

1991 na $1 .23 -- $1 .23 $0 .06 -- $0.06 $0 .07 -- $1 .36 

1992 $2 .58 $2.54 -- $5 .12 $0 .22 -- $0.22 $0 .06 $0.03 $5.43 

1993 $3 .37 $6.13 -- $9.50 $0.59 -- $0.59 $0 .09 $0.12 $10.31 

1994 $5 .80 $5.47 $3.60 $14.88 $0.42 $1 .71 $2.12 $0 .19 $0.32 $17.51 

1995 $3.77 $3.50 $2.28 $9.55 $0.24 $1 .10 $1 .34 $0.15 $0.21 $11.25 

1996 $5.60 $5.90 $3.41 $14.91 $0.38 $1 .62 $2.00 $0.28 $0.30 $17.49 

1997 $5.75 $6.00 $3.99 $15.74 $0.31 $1 .88 $2.19 $0.36 $0.35 $18.64 

Sources : 

I Disclosure of single taxpayer records prior to 1992 not permitted ; data for 1992-1997 not available from the state . Estimated by Foster Associates based on historic production, 

prices and cost allowance assumptions as defined in the forecast analysis . 

Z Alabama Dept. of Finance, 1998a 

3 Privilege tax revenues to Dauphin Island (for production within DI boundaries) are classified as "onshore" gas production tax revenues, and not included in the offshore data. 

Allocations of "onshore" DI gas tax revenues to the state and Mobile County were estimated by Foster Associates based on historic tax revenue disbursements to DI and the 

State of Alabama "onshore" tax allocation formula as provided in Section 40-20-8 of the Alabama Oil and Gas Privilege and Production Tax Laws. 

4 Town of Dauphin Island, 1998 . 

w 
Mobile County benefited significantly from this change in well designation, as shown on Table 

3 .4-3 . Tax revenues to the county increased from about $600,000 in 1993 to over $2 million in 

1994. Revenues in 1996 and 1997 also totaled over $2 million. Mobile County revenues are 

allocated to several recipient funds (Mobile County Commission, 1998). 

Severance Tax Revenues to Baldwin County 

Table 3.4-3 also shows revenue distributions to Baldwin County since 1988 . Payments to 

Baldwin County were first recorded for FY 1988 in the amount of about $12,000. Revenues rose 

to $70,000 by FY 1991 and totaled about $360,000 in FY 1997 . Most Baldwin County revenues 

are allocated to four primary funds: County general fund (32.5 percent), School Board (32.5 

percent), Indigent Care Board (five percent,) and Alabama Trade School (five percent) (Baldwin 

County Treasurer's Office, 1998) . 

3.4 .2 Forecast of Gas Industry Royalty and Tax Payments to Alabama and Local 

Governments 

Gas production in Alabama state waters and the Mobile OCS will continue to contribute 

significant revenues to both state and federal governments in the form of royalty and tax 

payments . Based on forecasts of state and federal offshore gas production, as described in the 

History Report and summarized in Section 2.0, the following sections present forecasts of 

royalty and tax payments to state and local governments related to this production . 

3.4 .2 .1 Gas Price Forecast 

Estimation of workback price of forecast gas production requires a gas price forecast. The price 

forecast, shown on Table 3 .4-4, used in this analysis was developed by the Minerals 

Management Service, Gulf of Mexico Region, and published in NTL No. 98-02 (Economic 

Assumptions for RSVP Deepwater Royalty Relief Model). Economic assumptions published in 

this report are updated periodically . The current forecast was published in May 1998 . 

The price forecast includes three scenarios: minimum, most likely and maximum. For this 

analysis the most likely scenario was used. The starting gas price (1998) is $2 .21 per Mcf, and it 

is expected to grow 0.9% annually above inflation to year 2010 . The growth rate in 2010 

increases to 1 .9% up to year 2020. 

44 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 3.4-4 

Natural Gas Price and Cost Allowance Forecast 

(1998 Dollars) 

Price 

Forecast' 

($/Mcf) 

$/Mcf Cost 

Allowance 2 

(Norphlet) 

$/Mcf Cost 

Allowance Z 

(Miocene) 

1998 $2 .21 $0.30 $0.15 

1999 $2 .23 $0.30 $0.15 

2000 $2 .25 $0.31 $0.15 

2001 $2 .27 $0.31 $0.15 

2002 $2 .29 $0.31 $0.16 

2003 $2 .31 $0.31 $0.16 

2004 $2 .33 $0.32 $0.16 

2005 $2 .35 $0.32 $0 .16 

2006 $2 .37 $0.32 $0 .16 

2007 $2.40 $033 $0 .16 

2008 $2.42 $0.33 $0 .16 

2009 $2.44 $0.33 $0 .17 

2010 $2.49 $0.33 $0 .17 

2011 $2.53 $0.34 $0 .17 

2012 $2.58 $0.34 $0 .17 

2013 $2.63 $0.34 $0 .17 

2014 $2.68 $0.35 $0 .17 

2015 $2.73 $0.35 $0 .17 

2016 $2.78 $0.35 $0 .18 

2017 $2.84 $0.36 $0 .18 

2018 $2.89 $036 $0 .18 

2019 $2.94 $0.36 $0 .18 

2020 $3 .00 $0.37 $0.18 

' Source: U.S . DOI, MMS, 1998 . Starting gas price reflects the "most 

likely" scenario . Annual (real) growth rate 1998-2009 is 0.9%; Annual 

(real) growth rate 2010-2020 is 1 .9%. 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

3.4 .2 .2 Gas Production Cost Allowance 

Once production value is estimated using the workback price, allowed costs must be deducted in 

order to arrive at "gross" value. For the purpose of State of Alabama privilege and production 

tax assessment, allowed costs include the following components : 

" depreciation ; 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 45 
return on investment; 

" labor expense; 

" materials, supplies and equipment rentals; 

" fuel and power costs; 

" ad valorem taxes ; 

" administrative and overhead costs; 

" insurance; 

" transportation charges; and 

" sour gas treatment costs . 

(Alabama Dept. of Revenue, 1997 .) 

For royalty assessment, payments by producers are based on terms specific to each producers' 

lease agreement. Details on allowable costs are considered proprietary and could not be provided 

by the state . However, loose guidance provided by the Department of Conservation and Natural 

Resources indicated that the method of working back to the "gross" value of production for 

purposes of royalty assessment is generally the same as for tax assessment. 

Since precise estimates of allowable costs ($/Mc flare proprietary, some blanket assumptions 

were made regarding estimates used for this analysis: 

1 . Allowable cost estimates are assumed to be the same for both tax and royalty assessment. 

2. Allowed costs for Norphlet production are assumed at $0.30/Mcf. 

3. Allowed costs for Miocene production are assumed at $0.15/Mcf. 

These estimates are based on Foster Associates' experience with offshore operations and 

guidance provided by producers in the Mobile Bay operator community. The allowable cost 

forecasts shown on Table 3 .4-4 apply projected growth in gas prices to the baseline allowable 

costs shown above. 

3.4 .2 .3 Forecast of Gas Industry Royalty and Tax Payments and Related Income 

Royalty and tax revenues from offshore gas producers will continue to be a significant source of 

revenue to the State of Alabama in future years. Gas production in Mobile Bay state waters is 

forecast to reach peak in 2000 at about 733 MMCFD, including both Miocene and Norphlet 

production . The State of Alabama will receive several sources of income related to forecast 

production . These include royalty payments for production in state fields, royalty payments for 

production in federal fields adjacent to the state boundary [8(g)], interest income from the 

Alabama trust funds related to royalty proceeds, and severance tax payments for production in 

state fields . These income sources are described in the following sections . 

46 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Forecast of Royalty Payments from State Production 

Table 3 .4-5 shows projected annual royalty payments to the State of Alabama based on forecast 

Miocene and Norphlet production . These estimates were calculated using forecast production 

values and applicable lease royalty rates . Annual production value, less allowable costs, was 

estimated using the price and cost forecasts shown in Table 3 .4-4 . 

Miocene gas is currently produced in six state fields . Expected 1998 Miocene production levels 

of 7 .5 MMCFD will generate about $5.7 million in value, less costs. Miocene gas production in 

six state fields is assessed a 20 percent royalty on its total value. Information on royalty rates 

was gathered from published lease data for blocks located in these fields . Royalty payments 

collected from offshore Miocene producers are estimated to total about $1 .13 million in 1998 

and decline to $0.17 million by 2020 . 

Norphlet gas is currently produced in six state fields . Estimated production value of Norphlet 

production is also shown on Table 3 .4-5 . Expected 1998 Norphlet production levels of 600 

MMCFD will generate about $418 million in value, less costs. Royalty rates were gathered from 

lease data for blocks in these state fields . Each producing Norphlet field in state waters has a 

different royalty rate, ranging from 16.67 percent for Mobil's Mary Ann Field to 28 percent for 

Exxon's Northwest Gulf Field . 

Expected production levels for each state Norphlet field and their corresponding royalty rate(s) 

are shown on Table 3 .4-6 . In several cases, different royalty rates apply to several tracts in one 

field. For example in the Bon Secour Bay field, production from Tracts 62 and 63 are assessed a 

27 percent royalty; production from Tracts 64 and 78 in the same field are assessed a 25 percent 

royalty. For these fields a production-weighted average royalty rate was calculated based on 

1996 and 1997 production levels . 

Total state royalty revenues are estimated to total about $105 million in 1998 and peak at about 

$116 million in 2000; these estimates are shown in the last column of Table 3 .4-6 . Norphlet 

production accounts for about 99 percent of the total. Royalty revenues will remain significant 

over the forecast period, totaling about $56 million in 2010 and $30 million in 2020 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 47 
00 Table 3.4-5 

Estimated Annual Royalty Payments to Alabama 

from Projected State Gas Production: Summary 

(1998 Dollars) 

0 

A 

a 

A 

A 

A 

O 

O 

n 

State Miocene Royalty Revenue Projections' 

Miocene Market 

Allowable 

Miocene 

Miocene Sales Value of 

Costs 

, Production 

Royalty Production Production Value , 

(MMCFD) (Millions) (Millions) Millions) Rate 

Total 

Miocene 

Royalties 

Millions) 

State Norahlet Royalty Revenue Projections 

Norphlet Market 

Allowable Norphlet Total 

Sales Value of 

Costs 

, Production Norphlet 

Production Production Value Royalties 

(MMCFD) (Millions) (Millions)Millions (Millions) 

1998 7.5 $6.1 $0.4 $5.7 20.0% $1 .1 600.0 484.0 $65.7 $418.3 $103.5 

1999 6.8 $5 .6 $0.4 $5.2 20.0% $1.0 626.7 $510.1 $69.2 $440.8 $109.2 

2000 6.2 $5 .1 $0.3 $4.7 20.0% $0.9 662.7 $544.2 $73.9 $470.3 $114.9 

2001 5.6 $4.6 $0.3 $4 .3 20.0% $0 .9 652.0 $540 .2 $73.3 $466.9 $113 .8 

2002 5.1 $4.2 $0.3 $3 .9 20.0% $0 .8 633.6 $529 .7 $71 .9 $457 .8 $111 .7 

2003 4.6 $3 .9 $03 $3 .6 20.0% $0 .7 617.7 $521 .1 $70.7 $450.4 $110.1 

2004 4.2 $3 .5 $0.2 $3.3 20.0% $0.7 594.0 505.6 $68.6 437.0 $107.0 

2005 3.8 $3 .2 $0 .2 $3 .0 20.0% E0 .6 5573 $478 .7 $65 .0 $413 .7 $101 .4 

2006 3.4 $2 .9 $0.2 $2.7 20.0% $0.5 514.7 $446.0 $60.5 385.5 $94.6 

2007 3.1 $2 .7 $0.2 $2.5 20.0% $0.5 457.2 $399.8 $543 345.5 $84.8 

2008 2.8 $2 .5 $0 .2 $2 .3 20.0% $0 .5 435.3 $384 .0 $52.1 $331 .9 $81 .5 

2009 2.5 $2.2 $0.2 $2.1 20.0% $0.4 348.0 $309.8 $42.1 $267.8 $64.2 

2010 2.3 $2.1 $0.1 $1 .9 20.0% $0.4 301 .1 273.1 $36.7 $236.4 $55.8 

2011 2.1 -$1 .9 $0.1 $1 .8 20.0% $0.4 284.9 $263.3 $35.0 $228.3 $54.0 

2012 1 .9 $1 .8 $0.1 $1 .7 20.0% $0.3 267.2 251 .7 $33.2 218.5 $51 .7 

2013 1 .7 $1 .6 $0 .1 $1 .5 20.0% $0 .3 249.3 $239 .3 $31.2 $208 .1 $49.3 

2014 1 .5 $1 .5 $0 .1 $1 .4 20.0% $0 .3 233.3 $228.2 $29.5 $198 .7 $47.1 

2015 1 .4 $1 .4 $0 .1 $1 .3 20.0% $0 .3 218.4 $217.7 $27.9 $189 .8 $45.0 

2016 1 .3 $13 $0 .1 $1 .2 20.0% $0 .2 161 .1 $163 .7 $20.7 $ 142.9 $34.4 

2017 1 .1 $1 .2 $0.1 $1.1 20.0% $0.2 151 .3 156.6 $19.6 $136.9 $33.0 

2018 1 .0 $1 .1 $0.1 $1.0 20.0% $0.2 142.5 $150.3 18 .7 131 .6 $31 .7 

2019 0.9 $1 .0 $0.1 $0.9 20.0% $0.2 134.2 $144.2 $17 .7 $126.4 $30.4 

2020 0.8 $0.9 $0.1 $0.9 20 .0% $0.2 126.7 $138.7 $16.9 $121 .8 $29.3 

1 State Miocene production forecast includes the following fields : NDI, NWDI, SDI, E. MS Sound, Goose Bayou, NE PBP. 

2 Allowable costs include deductible production expenses and were estimated by Foster Associates; allowed costs are assumed to be $0 .15/Mcf for 

Miocene and 50.30/Mcf for Norphlet . 

3 Includes current royalty agreements for the above mentioned fields . 

Detail on royalty calculations by Norphlet field is provided in Table 3.4-6 . 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 
n 0 

A 

a 

o

A 

0 

n 

b 

Table 3.4-6 

Estimated Annual Royalty Payments to Alabama 

from Projected State Norphlet Gas Production: Detail By Field 

(1998 Dollars) 

State Nor hlet Ro alt Revenue Pro'ections 

Mar Ann Field Bon Secour Bay Field 

Norphlet Percent of Royalty Royalty Percent of Royalty Royalty Royalty 

Production Value Norphlet Rate Revenues Norphlet Rate Rate Revenues 

Millions Production All Tracts Millions Production Tracts 62 63 Tracts 4 78 Millions 

1998 $418.32 17.6% 16 .7% $12.29 16 .7% 27.0% 25.0% $18.19 

1999 $440 .83 16 .9% 16 .7% $12.40 18 .5% 27 .0% 25 .0% $21 .14 

2000 $470.33 19.9% 16.7% $15.59 19 .8% 27.0% 25.0% $24.16 

2001 $466 .90 20.3% 16.7% $15.78 20 .1% 27.0% 25 .0% $24.31 

2002 $457 .81 19 .7% 16.7% 15 .02 20 .6% 27.0% 25 .0% $24.53 

2003 $450 .38 18.7% 16.7% $14.07 20.9% 27.0% 25.0% $24.46 

2004 $436 .98 18.0% 16 .7% $13.11 20.6% 27.0% 25.0% $23.40 

2005 $413.69 17.6% 16 .7% $12.16 20.7% 27 .0% 25.0% $22.17 

2006 $385.49 17 .6% 16 .7% $1131 21 .1% 27 .0% 25.0% 21 .07 

2007 $345 .51 18 .3% 16 .7% 10 .52 22 .3% 27 .0% 25.0% $20.02 

2008 $331 .89 17 .8% 16 .7% $9.82 22 .1% 27 .0% 25.0% $19.07 

2009 267.77 20 .4% 16 .7% 9.12 26 .0% 27 .0% 25 .0% $18.07 

2010 $236 .43 21 .8% 16 .7% 8.59 28 .3% 27 .0% 25 .0% $17.36 

2011 $228.29 21 .3% 16 .7% $8.10 28 .2% 27 .0% 25 .0% $16.69 

2012 $218.55 21 .0% 16 .7% 7.66 28 .3% 27 .0% 25 .0% 16 .08 

2013 $208.09 20.8% 16.7% $7.21 28 .5% 27.0% 25 .0% $15.41 

2014 $198.74 20.5% 16.7% $6.81 28 .7% 27.0% 25 .0% $14.81 

2015 $189.84 20.3% 16.7% $6.43 28.9% 27.0% 25 .0% $14.23 

2016 $142.92 15 .5% 16.7% $3 .68 37.0% 27.0% 25.0% $13.71 

2017 $136.95 15 .5% 16.7% $3 .53 37.0% 27.0% 25.0% $13.14 

2018 $131 .59 15 .5% 16.7% $3 .39 37 .0% 27.0% 25.0% $12.62 

2019 $126.44 15 .5% 16 .7% $3.26 37 .0% 27 .0% 25.0% $12.13 

2020 $121.83 15 .5% 16 .7% $3.14 37 .0% 27.0% 25 .0% $11 .69 

of Production ' : 47.72% 52 .28% 

b Royalty Rate 

' Based on 1996-1997 production levels. 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 
0 

n 0 

0 

A 

A 

A 

n 0 

0 

n 

Table 3.4-6 (cont'd) 

Estimated Annual Royalty Payments to Alabama 

from Projected State Norphlet Gas Production: Detail By Field 

(1998 Dollars) 

State Nor hlet Royal ty Revenue Projections continued 

NW Gulf Field NC Gulf Field 

Percent of Royalty Royalty Royalty Percent of Royalty Royalty Royalty 

Norphlet Rate Rate Revenues Norphlet Rate Rate Revenues 

Production Tracts 111 112 Tract 131 Millions Production Tract 114 Tracts 115, 116) Millions 

1998 29 .3% 28 .0% 16.7% $34.30 15 .8% 25 .0% 27.0% $17.18 

1999 27 .9% 28 .0% 16.7% $34.46 15 .5% 25 .0% 27.0% $17.76 

2000 25 .2% 28 .0% 16.7% $33.22 14 .5% 25.0% 27.0% $17.72 

2001 24 .1% 28 .0% 16.7% $31.48 13 .6% 25.0% 27.0% $16.53 

2002 23.3% 28.0% 16.7% 29.90 13 .2% 25.0% 27.0% $15 .74 

2003 22 .5% 28 .0% 16 .7% $28.41 12 .6% 25.0% 27.0% $14.75 

2004 22 .1% 28 .0% 16 .7% $27.07 12 .1% 25.0% 27 .0% $13.74 

2005 22 .1% 28 .0% 16 .7% $25.65 11 .8% 25.0% 27 .0% $12.74 

2006 22 .6% 28 .0% 16 .7% $24.37 11 .8% 25.0% 27 .0% $11 .85 

2007 23.9% 28.0% 16 .7% $23.15 12 .3% 25.0% 27.0% $11 .02 

2008 23 .7% 28 .0% 16 .7% $22.06 11 .9% 25.0% 27.0% $10.29 

2009 9.3% 28.0% 16 .7% $7 .01 13 .7% 25.0% 27.0% $9 .56 

2010 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0 .00 14 .6% 25 .0% 27.0% $9 .01 

2011 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0 .00 14 .3% 25 .0% 27.0% $8 .49 

2012 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0.00 14.1% 25.0% 27.0% $8.03 

2013 0.0% 28.0% 16.7% $0.00 14.0% 25.0% 27.0% $7.56 

2014 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0 .00 13 .8% 25 .0% 27.0% $7 .13 

2015 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0 .00 13 .6% 25 .0% 27.0% $6 .74 

2016 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0 .00 0.0% 25 .0% 27.0% $0 .00 

2017 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0.00 0.0% 25 .0% 27.0% $0 .00 

2018 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0.00 0.0% 25 .0% 27.0% $0 .00 

2019 0 .0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0.00 0.0% 25 .0% 27.0% $0 .00 

2020 0.0% 28.0% 16 .7% $0.00 0.0% 25 .0% 27.0% $0.00 

of Production ' 100.00% 0.00% 48.44% 51 .56% 

b Ro al Rate 

' Based on 1996-1997 production levels . 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 
n 0 

^t 

A 

a 

A 

n 

Table 3.4-6 (cont'd) 

Estimated Annual Royalty Payments to Alabama 

from Projected State Norphlet Gas Production: Detail By Field 

(1998 Dollars) 

State Nor hlet Royal ty Revenue Projections continued 

Fairway Field Aloe Ba Field Total Estimated 

Percent of Royalty Percent of Royalty Royalty Royalty Royalty Total Norphlet Miocene & Norphlet 

Norphlet Royalty Revenues Norphlet Rate Rate Rate Revenues Royalty Revenues Royalty Revenues 

Production Rate Millions Production Tract 74 Tract 75 Tracts 92. 93 ) Millions Millions Millions 

1998 17 .5% 25.0% $18.28 3.1% 20.0% 25 .0% 16.7% $3 .23 $103.46 $104.60 

1999 15 .9% 25.0% $17.57 53% 20.0% 25 .0% 16.7% $5 .85 $109.18 110.22 

2000 13 .4% 25.0% $15.76 7.2% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $8 .49 $114.94 $115 .89 

2001 12 .0% 25.0% $14.06 10.0% 20.0% 25.0% 16 .7% $11 .61 $113.76 $114.63 

2002 11 .0% 25.0% $12.57 12 .1% 20.0% 25.0% 16 .7% $13.90 $111 .67 $112.46 

2003 10.0% 25.0% $11 .24 15 .2% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $17.15 $110.09 $110.81 

2004 9.2% 25.0% $10.08 17 .9% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $ 19 .58 $107.00 $107 .66 

2005 8 .7% 25.0% $8.99 19 .1% 20.0% 25.0% 16 .7% $19.70 $101.42 $102.02 

2006 6.3% 25.0% $6.11 20.6% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $19.88 $94.58 $95.13 

2007 0.0% 25.0% $0.00 23 .2% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $20.06 $84.77 $85.27 

2008 0.0% 25 .0% 0.00 24.5% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $2030 $81.54 $82.00 

2009 0.0% 25 .0% $0.00 30.5% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $20.42 $64.18 $64.60 

2010 0.0% 25 .0% $0.00 35.3% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $20.84 $55.81 $56.19 

2011 0.0% 25 .0% 0.00 36.3% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $20.69 $53.97 $54.33 

2012 0.0% 25 .0% $0.00 36.5% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $19.94 $51.72 $52.05 

2013 0.0% 25 .0% $0.00 36.7% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $19.11 $49.29 $49.59 

2014 0.0% 25 .0% $0.00 37.0% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $18.36 $47.11 $47.39 

2015 0.0% 25 .0% $0.00 37.2% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $17.64 $45.04 $45.30 

2016 0.0% 25 .0% 0.00 47.6% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $17.00 $34.39 $34.63 

2017 0.0% 25 .0% 0.00 47.6% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $16.29 $32.96 $33 .18 

2018 0.0% 25 .0% $0.00 47.6% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $15.65 $31 .67 $31 .87 

2019 0.0% 25 .0% 0.00 47.6% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $15.04 $30.43 $30.62 

2020 0.0% 25 .0% $0 .00 47.6% 20.0% 25 .0% 16 .7% $14.49 $29.32 $29.49 

of Production' : 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 

b Royal ty Rate 

' Based on 1996-1997 production levels . 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 
Forecast of 8(g) Royalty Payments from Federal Production 

Alabama receives additional royalty revenues from gas production in federal waters from OCS 

leases located 3 to 6 miles of the state's coastal boundary. Production from this area is 

designated as "8(g)" production. Production from the designated 8(g) zone was estimated using 

information supplied by MMS on the proportion of federal fields' acreage designated as 8(g) . 

Using these proportions, the percent of production attributable to the 8(g) zone was estimated for 

each applicable field. Total projected Mobile OCS 8(g) Miocene and Norphlet production levels 

are summarized on Table 3 .4-7 . Production from the 8(g) zone adjacent to Alabama is expected 

to reach 229 MMCFD in 1998, peak at about 266 MMCFD in 2000 and decline to 17 MMCFD 

by 2020. 

The federal government collects royalties from 8(g) production at a standard rate of 16 .67 

percent. Of this money, 27 percent is returned to the state. Estimates of 8(g) payments to the 

State of Alabama by the federal government are also shown in Table 3 .4-7 . In 1998, 8(g) 

payments are expected to reach $7.3 million, peak at $8 .6 million in 2000 and decline to $0 .8 

million by 2020 . 

Forecast Trust Fund Interest Earnings 

Royalty payments collected from state and federal 8(g) production are deposited into the 

Alabama Trust Fund, as discussed in Section 3 .4 .1 .1 . The interest from both the Heritage and 

Alabama Trust Funds is distributed to the state's general fund. Annual interest payments are 

calculated based on the funds' current investment portfolio and respective interest rates (Alabama 

Treasurer's Office, 1998). These data are summarized in Table 3 .4-8 . Over 50 percent of the 

Alabama Trust Fund is invested in U.S . Treasury notes, and almost 40 percent of the Heritage 

Trust fund is invested in corporate bonds. 

The capital of the Alabama Trust Fund will increase each year by the amount of state and 8(g) 

royalties collected. Also, if future offshore lease sales are held, any bonus payments collected by 

the state also will be added to this fund. For this analysis no new lease sales are assumed. The 

projected capital balance of the Alabama Trust Fund through 2020 is shown on Table 3 .4-9 . In 

2002, the Heritage Trust Fund will formally be rolled into the Alabama Trust Fund. 

Interest payments are estimated based on the Alabama Trust Fund's projected capital balance . 

These are shown on Table 3.4-10. Projected interest payments (in 1998 dollars) are transferred 

to the state's general fund. In 1998, interest earnings are projected to total about $127 million. 

This includes $53 million in interest from the Heritage Trust Fund and nearly $74 million from 

the Alabama Trust Fund . Interest generated by Heritage Trust Fund is assumed to remain 

constant over time because no additional capital will be deposited in this fund. In 2020, interest 

from the combined funds is projected to reach $215 million. 

52 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
n 0 

A 

0 

Table 3.4-7 

Estimated 8(g) Royalty Payments to Alabama from the Federal Government 

from Projected Mobile OCS Gas Production 

(1998 Dollars) 

Federal 

Miocene 

8(g) 

Production' 

(MMCFD) 

Miocene 

S(g) 

Production 

Value 

(Millions) 

Federal 

Norphlet 

8(g) 

Production' 

(MMCFD) 

Norphlet 

8(g) 

Production 

Value 

(Millions) 

Total S(g) 

Production 

NIII~ICFD 

Total 8(g) 

Production 

Value 

Millions (~ ) 

Allowable 

, Costs 

( millions) 

Total 8(g) 

Production 

Value 

(Millions) 

Federal 

Royalty 

Rate 

Federal8(g) 

Royalty 

Revenues 

(Millions) 

Federal 8(g) Proportion 

Revenues to Distributed 

Alabama to Alabama (Millions) 

1998 33.9 $27.3 195 .3 $157.5 229.2 $184.9 $23.2 $161 .6 16 .7% $26.9 27.0% $7.3 

1999 30.7 $25.0 233.3 $189.9 264.0 $214.9 $27.5 $187.4 16.7% 31.2 27.0% $8.4 

2000 27.9 $22.9 238.1 $195.5 265.9 $218.4 $28.1 $190.3 16.7% $31.7 27.0% $8.6 

2001 25.2 $20.8 236.6 $ 196 .1 261.8 $216.9 $28.0 $188.9 16.7% $31.5 27.0% $8.5 

2002 22 .8 $19.0 232.3 $194.2 255.0 213.2 $27.7 $185.6 16.7% $30.9 27 .0% $8 .3 

2003 20 .6 $17.4 221.2 $186.6 241.8 $204 .0 $26.5 $177.5 16 .7% $29.6 27 .0% $8 .0 

2004 18 .7 $15.9 209.3 $178.2 228.1 $194.1 $25.3 $168.9 16 .7% $28.1 27 .0% $7 .6 

2005 16 .9 $14.5 197.0 $169.2 213.9 $183.7 $24.0 $159.8 16 .7% $26.6 27.0% $7.2 

2006 15 .3 $13.3 186.0 $161.2 201 .3 $174.5 22.8 $151.7 16 .7% $25.3 27.0% $6.8 

2007 13 .9 $ 12 .1 175 .6 $153.6 1 89.5 $165 .7 $21 .7 $144 .0 16 .7% $24.0 27.0% $6.5 

2008 12.6 $11 . 1 166 .0 $146.5 178 .6 $ 157.6 $20.6 $136.9 16 .7% $22.8 27.0% $6.2 

2009 11 .4 10 .1 155 .9 $138.8 167 .2 $148.9 $19.5 $129.4 16.7% $21.6 27.0% $5.8 

2010 10.3 $9 .3 100.4 91 .1 110.7 $100.4 $12.9 $87.6 16.7% $14.6 27.0% $3 .9 

2011 9.3 $8 .6 85 .9 $79.4 95 .2 $88.0 $11 .1 $76.9 16.7% $12.8 27 .0% $3 .5 

2012 8.5 $8.0 74 .8 $70.4 83 .2 $78.4 $9.8 $68.6 16 .7% $11 .4 27 .0% $3 .1 

2013 7.6 $7.3 70.2 67.4 77.8 $74.7 $9.3 $65.4 16 .7% $10.9 27.0% $2.9 

2014 6.9 $6.8 66 .1 $64.7 73 .0 $71 .4 $8 .8 $62.6 16 .7% $10.4 27 .0% $2 .8 

2015 6.3 $6.2 62.2 $62.0 68.5 $68.3 $8 .3 $59.9 16 .7% $10.0 27 .0% $2 .7 

2016 5.7 $5.8 58.8 $59.7 64.5 65.5 $7.9 $57.5 16 .7% $9.6 27.0% $2.6 

2017 5.1 $53 52.0 $53.8 57.1 $59.1 $7.1 $52.0 16 .7% $8.7 27.0% $2.3 

2018 4.6 $4 .9 15 .3 $16 .1 19 .9 $21 .0 $2 .3 $18.7 16 .7% $3 .1 27.0% $0.8 

2019 4.2 $4 .5 14 .4 15 .5 18 .6 20.0 $2 .2 $17.8 16.7% $3 .0 27.0% $0 .8 

2020 3.8 $4 .2 13 .6 $14.9 17 .4 $19.1 $2 .1 $17.0 16.7% $2 .8 27.0% $0 .8 

Net Present Value @ 6% $272 .5 $73.6 

Production from wells located between 3 to 6 miles from AI coastal boundary . Miocene 8g fields (total or partial) include MO 823, 864, 865, 866, 870 and 914. 

Norphlet 8g fields (total or partial) include MO 819, 820, 863, 864, 821, 827, 868, 914 and 872. 

Allowable costs include deductible production expenses and were estimated by Foster Associates ; allowed costs are assumed to be 50 .15/Mcf for Miocene and 

$0.30/Mcf for Norphlet . 

w 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 
Table 3.4-8 

Alabama Trust Fund Investment Portfolio 

Fund Investments 

Capital 

Allocation 

Interest 

Rate 

Alabama Herita ge Fund 

Cash/Repurchase Agreements 0 .01% N/A 

Commercial Paper 5 .41% N/A 

FNMA 4 .56% N/A 

GNMA Certificates 9 .56% N/A 

Federal Farm Credit Bonds 21 .42% N/A 

U.S . Treasury Bonds 19.12% N/A 

Corporate Bonds 39.92% N/A 

Average Return 11 .36% 

Alabama Trust Fund 

U.S . Treasury Notes 58.20% 6.60% 

Mortgage Backed 20.10% 6.77% 

Corporate Bonds 10.80% 6.59% 

Municipals 1 .10% 6.64% 

Total Fixed Income Securities 90.20% 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 9 .80% 6 .39% 

Weighted Average Return 6.61% 

Source : Alabama Treasurer's Office, 1998. 

As discussed in Section 3 .4 .1 .1, a percentage of interest earned from the Alabama Trust Fund is 

transferred to the Forever Wild Trust Fund, a fund established as part of the Forever Wild 

Program for the acquisition of lands for public use. Payments to this fund increase by one 

percent per year up to 10 percent, not to exceed $15 million in any fiscal year. Projected 

payments to the Forever Wild Program are also shown on Table 3.4-10 ; the $15 million 

threshold is expected to be reached by 2004 . 

Forecast Severance Tax Payments 

As discussed in Section 3 .4 .1 .3, offshore production is assessed severance tax by the State of 

Alabama. For the majority of forecast production, the combined production and privilege tax rate 

is assumed to total 8 percent. Where tax breaks apply the combined rate totals 4 percent. The 

following sections describe assumptions used to estimate future tax collections for each type of 

tax and forecast the allocated revenue streams to the State of Alabama, Mobile and Baldwin 

Counties and Dauphin Island . 

54 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 3.4-9 

Fiscal Inputs to Forecasting Interest Earnings from 

Alabama Trust Funds 

Year 

Federal 

Royalty 

Income (8g) 

(Millions) 

State Royalty 

Income 

(Millions) 

Heritage 

Trust Fund 

Balance 

(Millions) 

Alabama 

Trust Fund 

Balance 

(Millions) 

1998 $73 $104 .6 $466.8 $1,111 .2 

1999 $8 .4 $110 .2 $466.8 $1,229.9 

2000 $8 .6 $115 .9 $466.8 $1,354.3 

2001 $8 .5 $114 .6 $466.8 $1,477.4 

2002 $8 .3 $112 .5 $0.0 $2,065 .1 

2003 $8 .0 $110.8 $0.0 $2,183 .9 

2004 $7 .6 $107.7 $0.0 $2,299 .1 

2005 $7.2 $102.0 $0.0 $2,408 .3 

2006 $6.8 $95 .1 $0.0 $2,5103 

2007 $6.5 $85 .3 $0.0 $2,602 .0 

2008 $6.2 $82.0 $0.0 $2,690.2 

2009 $5 .8 $64.6 $0 .0 $2,760.6 

2010 $3 .9 $56.2 $0 .0 $2,820.7 

2011 $3 .5 $54.3 $0 .0 $2,878.5 

2012 $3 .1 $52.0 $0 .0 $2,933 .6 

2013 $2.9 $49.6 $0 .0 $2,986 .2 

2014 $2.8 $47 .4 $0 .0 $3,036 .4 

2015 $2.7 $45 .3 $0 .0 $3,084.4 

2016 $2.6 $34 .6 $0.0 $3,121 .6 

2017 $2 .3 $33 .2 $0.0 $3,157.1 

2018 $0 .8 $31 .9 $0.0 $3,189.8 

2019 $0 .8 $30 .6 $0.0 $3,221 .2 

2020 $0 .8 $29 .5 $0.0 $3,251 .5 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 55 
Table 3.4-10 

Projected Interest Earnings from Alabama Trust Funds 

(Millions of 1998 Dollars) 

Year 

Heritage 

Trust Fund' 

Interest 

Alabama 

Trust Fund 

Interest 

Projected 

Interest 

Earnings 

Allocation to 

Forever Wild 

1998 $53 .0 $73 .5 $126.5 $6.6 

1999 $53 .0 $81 .3 $134.4 $8.1 

2000 $53 .0 $89.6 $142.6 $9.0 

2001 $53 .0 $97.7 $150.7 $9.8 

2002 na $136.6 $136.6 $13 .7 

2003 na $144.4 $144.4 $14.4 

2004 na $152.0 $152.0 $15 .0 

2005 na $159.3 $159.3 $15 .0 

2006 na $166.0 $166.0 $15 .0 

2007 na $172.1 $172.1 $15 .0 

2008 na $177.9 $177.9 $15 .0 

2009 na $182.6 $182.6 $15 .0 

2010 na $186.5 $186.5 $15 .0 

2011 na $190.4 $190.4 $15 .0 

2012 na $194.0 $194.0 $15 .0 

2013 na $197.5 $197.5 $15 .0 

2014 na $200.8 $200.8 $15 .0 

2015 na $204.0 $204.0 $15 .0 

2016 na $206.4 $206.4 $15 .0 

2017 na $208.8 $208.8 $15 .0 

2018 na $210.9 $210.9 $15 .0 

2019 na $213.0 $213 .0 $15 .0 

2020 na $215.0 $215 .0 $15 .0 

' Beginning with fiscal year 2002 the capital balance of the Heritage Trust 

Fund will be transferred to the ATF. 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998. 

56 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Estimated Production-Tax Payments 

Production tax revenue is calculated as 2 percent of gross production value after payment of 

royalties. (Value of production less allowable costs less royalties.) Production value forecasts 

used to calculate tax estimates are shown on Table 3 .4-1 la. These values reflect data shown 

previously on Tables 3 .4-5 and 3 .4-6 . 

The taxable production value for purposes of assessing the 2 percent production tax is shown on 

Table 3 .4-1 la. This value is expected to total $296 million in 1998, peak in 2000 at about $336 

million, and decline to $93 million by 2020. Some production is eligible for a 50 percent tax 

reduction for the first 5 years of production because permitting occurred after July 1996. At the 

current date this tax break only applies to well 114-3, located in the North Central Gulf Field. 

Production value for this well was estimated assuming a future production rate of 33 MMCFD. 

Taxable production value at the reduced rate (1 percent of value) was estimated to be about $23 

million annually over the 5-year period . Total production tax revenues collected by the State of 

Alabama, shown on Table 3 .4-11 b, are expected to total $6.2 million in 1998, peak at $6 .95 

million in 2000, and decline to $1 .86 million by 2020 . All production tax proceeds are retained 

by the State of Alabama in the general fund. 

Estimated Privilege Tax Payments 

As discussed in Section 3 .4 .1 .3, privilege taxes are assessed anywhere from 4 to 8 percent of 

value, based on production characteristics . For this analysis, privilege tax revenues are estimated 

assuming a 6 percent privilege tax rate . This rate is standard for wells that produce from depths 

greater than 18,000 feet . Where the 50 percent tax break applies, taxes are assessed at 3 percent. 

Taxable production is divided into two categories: (1) "Dauphin Island" production; and (2) all 

other production . Dauphin Island production, including production from the Northwest Gulf and 

Aloe Bay Fields, is taxed using the "onshore" allocation formula. (Refer to Section 3 .4 .1 .3 .) 

Estimated taxable production value and forecast revenues for these two measures are shown on 

Tables 3 .4-11 b and 3.4-11 c. Taxable production value (6 percent assessment) excluding 

Dauphin Island production is expected to total $161 million in 1998, peak at $183 million in 

2000, and decline to $35 million by 2020 . Production from the North Central Gulf Field's well 

114-3 is eligible for a 50 percent tax break through 2002 (3 percent assessment); taxable value 

for this well totals about $23 million annually. 

Privilege tax revenue from all but Dauphin Island production is estimated to total $10 .4 million 

in 1998, peak at $11 .7 million in 2000 and decline to $2.1 million by 2020. Privilege tax 

revenue from production off Dauphin Island is estimated to reach $8 .1 million in 1998, peak at 

$10.5 million in 2004 and decline to $3.5 million by 2020. The combined privilege tax revenues 

will total $18.5 million in 1998, peak at $20.9 million in 2000, and decline to $5 .6 million by 

2020. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 57 
00 

n 0 

0 

a 

0 

n 0 

0 

m n 

Table 3.4-lla 

Estimated Annual Tax Revenues to Alabama and Coastal Counties 

from Projected State Gas Production 

(Millions of 1998 Dollars) 

Miocene 

Gross 

Production 

Value 

Norphlet 

Gross 

Production 

Value 

Total 

Gross State 

Production 

Value 

State 

Production 

Royalties 

to AL 

Taxable 

Production 

Value at 

2% 

Taxable 

Production 

Value at 

1%' 

1998 1998 $5.66 $418.32 $423.99 $104.60 $296.39 $23 .01 

1999 1999 $5.17 $440.83 $446.00 $110.22 $312.57 $23 .21 

2000 2000 $4.74 $470.33 $475.07 $115.89 $335 .76 $23.42 

2001 2001 $4.32 $466.90 $471 .21 $114.63 $332.96 $23.63 

2002 2002 $3.95 $457.81 $461 .75 $112.46 $325 .44 $23.85 

2003 2003 $3.60 $450.38 $453.98 $110.81 $343 .17 $0.00 

2004 2004 $3.30 $436.98 $440.28 $107.66 $332 .63 $0.00 

2005 2005 $3.01 $413.69 $416.70 $102.02 $314.68 $0.00 

2006 2006 $2.75 $385.49 $388.24 $95 .13 $293 .11 $0.00 

2007 2007 $2.51 $345.51 $348.02 $85 .27 $262.74 $0.00 

2008 2008 $2.30 $331 .89 $334.19 $82.00 $252.19 $0.00 

2009 2009 $2.09 $267.77 $269.86 $64.60 $205.26 $0.00 

2010 2010 $1 .93 $236.43 $238.36 $56.19 $182.17 $0.00 

2011 2011 $1 .79 $228.29 $230.08 $54.33 $175.74 $0.00 

2012 2012 $1 .65 $218.55 $220.20 $52.05 $168.15 $0.00 

2013 2013 $1 .52 $208.09 $209.61 $49.59 $160.02 $0.00 

2014 2014 $1 .40 $198.74 $200.14 $47.39 $152.75 $0.00 

2015 2015 $1 .30 $189.84 $191 .14 $45 .30 $145.84 $0.00 

2016 2016 $1 .20 $142.92 $144.12 $34.63 $109.49 $0.00 

2017 2017 $1 .11 $136.95 $138.05 $33 .18 $104.88 $0.00 

2018 2018 $1 .02 $131 .59 $132.61 $31 .87 $100.74 $0.00 

2019 2019 $0.94 $126.44 $127.38 $30.62 $96.76 $0.00 

2020 2020 $0.87 $121 .83 $122.70 $29.49 $93.21 $0.00 

' A 50% tax break is allowed for wells permitted between July 1, 1996 and July 1, 1999 and applies to 

the first 5 years of production. For this analysis the tax break only applies to well 114-3 . 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 
n 0 

~I. 

A 

a 

0 

o+ 0 

Q 

0 

0 

co 

H 

Table 3.4-llb 

Estimated Annual Tax Revenues to Alabama and Coastal Counties 

from Projected State Gas Production 

(Millions of 1998 Dollars) 

State 

Production 

Tax Revenue 

2% of value 

State 

Production 

Tax Revenue 

1% of value 

Taxable 

Privilege Tax 

Prod. Value at 

6% Excl. DI 

Taxable 

Privilege Tax 

Prod. Value at 

3%' 

Onshore 

Privilege Tax 

Revenue 

6% of value 

Offshore 

Privilege Tax 

Revenue 

3% of value 

Total 

Offshore 

Privilege Tax 

Revenue 

1998 $5.93 $0.23 $160 .99 $23 .01 $9.66 $0.69 $10.35 

1999 $6.25 $023 $166.10 $23 .21 $9.97 $0.70 $10.66 

2000 $6.72 $0.23 $183.13 $23.42 $10.99 $0.70 $11 .69 

2001 $6.66 $0.24 $174.09 $23.63 $10.45 $0.71 $11 .15 

2002 $6.51 $0.24 $163.03 $23.85 $9.78 $0.72 $10.50 

2003 $6.86 $0.00 $173 .10 $0 .00 $10.39 $0.00 $1039 

2004 $6.65 $0.00 $157.62 $0 .00 $9.46 $0.00 $9.46 

2005 $6.29 $0.00 $144.27 $0.00 $8.66 $0.00 $8.66 

2006 $5.86 $0.00 $126.56 $0.00 $7.59 $0.00 $7.59 

2007 $5.25 $0.00 $99.82 $0.00 $5.99 $0.00 $5 .99 

2008 $5 .04 $0.00 $92 .23 $0.00 $5.53 $0.00 $5 .53 

2009 $4.11 $0.00 $98.54 $0.00 $5.91 $0.00 $5 .91 

2010 $3.64 $0.00 $98.79 $0.00 $5 .93 $0.00 $5 .93 

2011 $3.51 $0.00 $92.97 $0.00 $5 .58 $0.00 $5 .58 

2012 $3.36 $0.00 $88.39 $0 .00 $5 .30 $0.00 $5 .30 

2013 $3.20 $0.00 $83.59 $0 .00 $5 .02 $0.00 $5.02 

2014 $3.06 $0.00 $79.30 $0 .00 $4.76 $0.00 $4.76 

2015 $2.92 $0.00 $75.26 $0 .00 $4.52 $0.00 $4.52 

2016 $2.19 $0.00 $41 .48 $0 .00 $2.49 $0.00 $2.49 

2017 $2.10 $0.00 $39.71 $0.00 $2.38 $0.00 $2.38 

2018 $2.01 $0.00 $38.12 $0.00 $2.29 $0.00 $2.29 

2019 $1 .94 $0.00 $36.60 $0.00 $2.20 $0.00 $2.20 

2020 $1 .86 $0.00 $35 .24 $0.00 $2.11 $0.00 $2.11 

' A 50% tax break is allowed for wells permitted between July 1, 1996 and July 1, 1999 and applies to 

the first 5 years of production. For this analysis the tax break only applies to well 114-3. 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

b 
a 0 Table 3.4-llc 

Estimated Annual Tax Revenues to Alabama and Coastal Counties 

from Projected State Gas Production 

(Millions of 1998 Dollars) 

n 0 

A 

A 

A 

Q 

0 

0 

co 

n 

Dauphin Is . Privile eTax Dau hin Is . Privile eTax Allocation (Onshore)' 

Privilege Tax DI Privilege Allocation Allocation to Allocation 

Production Value Tax Revenue To State Mobile to DI 

at DI' 6% of value Count 

1998 $135.40 $8.12 $5 .21 $2.44 $0.47 

1999 $146.47 $8.79 $5.64 $2.64 $0.50 

2000 $152.62 $9.16 $5.88 $2.75 $0.53 

2001 $158.87 $9.53 $6.13 $2.86 $0.55 

2002 $162.41 $9.74 $6.26 $2.92 $0 .56 

2003 $170.07 $10 .20 $6.56 $3.06 $0.58 

2004 $175 .01 $10.50 $6.75 $3.15 $0.60 

2005 $170.41 $10 .22 $6.58 $3.06 $0.59 

2006 $166.55 $9.99 $6.42 $3.00 $0.57 

2007 $162.93 $9.78 $6.28 $2.93 $0.56 

2008 $159.96 $9.60 $6.17 $2.88 $0.55 

2009 $106.73 $6.40 $4.10 $1 .94 $037 

2010 $83 .37 $5.00 $3 .19 $1 .52 $0.29 

2011 $82.77 $4.97 $3 .17 $1 .51 $0.29 

2012 $79.77 $4.79 $3 .05 $1 .46 $0.28 

2013 $76 .44 $4.59 $2.92 $1 .40 $0.27 

2014 $73.45 $4.41 $2.80 $1 .35 $0.26 

2015 $70.58 $4.23 $2.69 $1 .29 $0.25 

2016 $68.01 $4.08 $2.59 $1 .25 $0.24 

2017 $65.17 $3.91 $2 .48 $1 .20 $0.23 

2018 $62.62 $3.76 $2 .38 $1 .15 $0.22 

2019 $60.16 $3 .61 $2 .29 $1 .11 $0.21 

2020 $57.97 $3 .48 $2 .20 $1 .07 $0.20 

' Includes production value from the NWGuIf and Aloe Bay Fields . 

' Estimated based on projected Dauphin Island production value and the tax allocation legislation. 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 
0 

A 

A 

o-A 

A 

0 

0 

Table 3.4-lld 

Estimated Annual Tax Revenues to Alabama and Coastal Counties 

from Projected State Gas Production 

(Millions of 1998 Dollars) 

Offshore Privile e Tax Allocation' Baldwin Co. Total Privile e Tax Revenues fromOffshore Production 

Offshore Priv . To State To Mobile To Baldwin Severence Tax To Mobile To Mobile To Baldwin To Baldwin 

Tax Revenue General Fund County County (1 % of Co. County GF County GF County County 

3-6% of value (90%) (5.9%) ( 4.1%) Production Ex. D.1 . Inc. D.I. Trust Fund2 General Fund= 

1998 $10.35 $9.31 $0.61 $0.42 $1 .03 $3.05 $3 .52 $1 .03 $0.64 

1999 $10.66 $9.60 $0.63 $0.44 $1 .07 $3.27 $3 .77 $1 .07 $0.72 

2000 $11 .69 $10.52 $0.69 $0.48 $1 .17 $3.44 $3 .96 $1 .17 $0.84 

2001 $11 .15 $10.04 $0.66 $0.46 $1 .12 $3.52 $4.06 $1 .12 $0.89 

2002 $10.50 $9.45 $0.62 $0.43 $1 .05 $3 .54 $4.10 $1 .05 $0.93 

2003 $1039 $9.35 $0.61 $0.43 $1 .04 $3 .67 $4.26 $1 .04 $1 .00 

2004 $9.46 $8.51 $0.56 $0.39 $0.95 $3 .70 $431 $0.95 $1 .02 

2005 $8.66 $7.79 $0.51 $0.35 $0.87 $3 .58 $4.16 $0.87 $1 .05 

2006 $7.59 $6.83 $0.45 $0.31 $0.76 $3 .44 $4.02 $0.76 $1.06 

2007 $5.99 $5.39 $0.35 $0.25 $0.60 $3.29 $3.85 $0.60 $1.04 

2008 $5.53 $4.98 $033 $0.23 $0.55 $3 .21 $3.76 $0.55 $1 .06 

2009 $5.91 $5.32 $0.35 $0.24 $0.59 $2.28 $2.65 $0.59 $1 .12 

2010 $5.93 $5.33 $0.35 $0.24 $0.59 $1 .87 $2.16 $0.59 $1 .16 

2011 $5 .58 $5.02 $0.33 $0.23 $0.56 $1 .84 $2.13 $0.56 $1 .19 

2012 $530 $4.77 $0.31 $0.22 $0.00 $1.77 $2.05 $0.00 $1 .18 

2013 $5.02 $4.51 $0.30 $0.21 $0.00 $1 .69 $1 .96 $0.00 $1 .18 

2014 $4.76 $4.28 $0.28 $0.20 $0.00 $1 .63 $1 .88 $0.00 $1 .18 

2015 $4.52 $4.06 $0.27 $0.19 $0.00 $1 .56 $1 .81 $0.00 $1 .17 

2016 $2.49 $2.24 $0.15 $0.10 $0.00 $1 .40 $1 .63 $0.00 $1 .10 

2017 $2.38 $2.14 $0.14 $0.10 $0.00 $1 .34 $1 .57 $0.00 $1 .10 

2018 $2.29 $2.06 $0.13 $0.09 $0.00 $1 .29 $1 .51 $0.00 $1 .10 

2019 $2.20 $1 .98 $0.13 $0.09 $0.00 $1 .24 $1 .45 $0.00 $1 .11 

2020 $2.11 $1 .90 $0.12 $0.09 $0.00 $1 .20 $1 .40 $0.00 $1 .11 

' Allocations between counties based on average of last three years. 

' Baldwin County Severence Tax is paid into a trust fund . The tax will be removed when the trust fund grows to HIS million. 

The county can spend up to 90% of the interest earned by the fund . The interest earned on the fund is assumed to be 7 percent . 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998. 

a 
Allocation of Privilege Tax Revenues 

As described in Section 3 .4 .1 .3, privilege tax revenues are distributed between the state and the 

county or locality where the gas was severed. The "onshore" privilege tax allocation formula, 

applicable to Dauphin Island production, specifies several tiers of revenue distribution . The end 

result divides revenues among the state, Mobile County, and Dauphin Island in the following 

approximate percentages : state--64 percent; county-30 percent; and Dauphin Island 

percent. The estimated tax revenue allocations associated with Dauphin Island production are 

shown on Table 3 .4-11 c. 

The "offshore" privilege tax allocation formula specifies that 90 percent of revenues be retained 

by the state for general fund use and 10 percent be allocated to the county where gas was taken. 

State production data do not distinguish between what is produced in Mobile County vs. Baldwin 

County. In fact, the counties' boundary line bisects several fields, making precise partitioning 

difficult. Therefore, to allocate tax revenues back to each producing county, the percentage of 

production was derived based on tax revenue allocations over the last three years. This computed 

to 59 and 41 percent of production occurring in Mobile and Baldwin County, respectively . The 

distribution of forecast privilege tax revenues is shown on Table 3 .4-11 d. 

Mobile County is expected to receive about $3.1 million in privilege tax revenue in 1998; 

Dauphin Island should receive about $0.5 million. Baldwin County is expected to receive $0.4 

million in offshore privilege tax revenue. Combined with the estimated interest from the 

Baldwin County Trust Fund, revenues to Baldwin County's general fund are projected to be 

about $0.64 million in 1998. 

3.4.3 Total Fiscal Impacts to State and Local Governments from Coastal Alabama 

Production 

The sections below summarize the projected state and local government spending that result 

from Coastal Alabama tax, royalty, and trust fund earnings. These earnings drive the economic 

effects of government spending described in Section 4. 

3.4.3 .1 Total Fiscal Impact to Mobile and Baldwin Counties 

Results from Tables 3 .4-11 a-d are summarized on Table 3 .4-12. Projected revenue collections by 

Mobile and Baldwin County to be directed to the counties' general funds are estimated to total 

about $4.2 million in 1998, peak at $5.3 million in 2004, and decline to $2 .5 million by 2020. 

Figure 3.4-1 shows the amounts of tax revenues received and spent by Mobile and Baldwin 

Counties annually. Revenues to Mobile County are severance tax-driven and follow the 

production profile. Mobile County spends the largest amount on public safety (34.1 percent) and 

general government (33.9 percent) (Mobile County Commission, 1998). 

62 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 3.4-12 

Estimated Annual Tax Revenues to Alabama and Coastal Counties 

from Projected State Gas Production : Summary 

(Millions of 1998 Dollars) 

Total 

Tax Revenues 

to Counties' 

General Fund 

Total 

Severance Tax 

Revenues 

to State 

Alabama 

Trust Fund 

Income 

to State 

Total 

Revenues 

to State 

General Fund 

Total 

Revenues 

To State and 

Counties 

1998 $4 .16 $20 .69 $126.52 $147.20 $151 .37 

1999 $4 .50 $21 .72 $134.36 $156.09 $160 .59 

2000 $4.81 $23 .35 $142.59 $165 .95 $170 .75 

2001 $4.96 $23 .06 $150.74 $173 .80 $178 .75 

2002 $5 .04 $22 .46 $136.56 $159.02 $164 .06 

2003 $5 .26 $22.77 $144.42 $167 .19 $172 .45 

2004 $5 .33 $21 .92 $152 .04 $173 .96 $179.29 

2005 $5.21 $20.66 $159 .26 $179 .92 $185 .13 

2006 $5.08 $19.12 $166 .00 $185 .12 $190.20 

2007 $4 .88 $16.93 $172 .07 $189 .00 $193 .88 

2008 $4 .82 $16.19 $177 .90 $194.09 $198.91 

2009 $3 .77 $13.53 $182 .56 $196.08 $199.85 

2010 $3 .32 $12 .17 $186.53 $198.70 $202.03 

2011 $3 .32 $11 .70 $190.35 $202.06 $205.38 

2012 $3 .23 $11 .19 $194.00 $205 .19 $208 .42 

2013 $3 .14 $10 .64 $197.47 $208.11 $211 .25 

2014 $3 .06 $10.14 $200.79 $210.94 $214 .00 

2015 $2.98 $9.67 $203 .97 $213 .64 $216 .62 

2016 $2.73 $7.02 $206 .43 $213 .45 $216.18 

2017 $2.67 $6.72 $208 .78 $215 .50 $218.17 

2018 $2.61 $6.46 $210 .94 $217 .40 $220.01 

2019 $2 .56 $6.20 $213 .02 $219.22 $221 .78 

2020 $2 .51 $5 .97 $215 .02 $220.99 $223 .50 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

3.4 .3 .2 Total Fiscal Impact to the State of Alabama 

A summary of projected revenue collections by the State of Alabama is shown on Table 3 .4-12. 

Revenue streams summarized here include projected severance tax collections (production and 

privilege taxes) and projected interest income generated by the Alabama Trust Fund. These 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 63 
revenues will be directed to the state general fund . Revenues in 1998 are estimated to total $147 

million and to increase to $221 million by 2020. 

Figure 3 .4-2 shows the annual amounts of tax revenues and interest earnings that will be spent by 

the state. No decline in revenue is expected due to the increasing capital balance of the Alabama 

Trust Fund. The largest amount of state general fund expenditures (33 .5 percent) goes to health 

programs (Alabama Dept. of Finance, 1998b). 

$6 

$5 

L 

o $4 

A 

`~ 0 $3 

c 

,o ..~r $2 

. .r 

$1 

$0 

1 

N kn 00 - I~t l- O M ~O O~ N kn 00 

00 00 00 O1~ ON ON o 0 0 0 

O~ O~ O~ O~ ~ O1~ O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N 

Figure 3.4-1 . Mobile and Baldwin Counties' Share of Tax Revenues from Alabama 

State Production 

Source: Alabama Dept. of Finance, 1998a; Foster Associates, 1998. 

$250 

$200 

A $150 

0 

o $100 

. .. 

$50 

O 1 . L 

r-r-r-r 

N kn 00 - 'ct' ll- O M 1-O O~ N kn co 

00 00 00 O~ OII O1~ O O O O 

O~ ON O*I O~ ~ Q~ O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N 

Figure 3.4-2 . Coastal Alabama Trust Fund Earnings and Tax Revenues from Total 

Coastal Alabama Production 

Sources: Alabama Dept. of Finance, 1998a; Alabama Dept. of Revenue, 1997 ; Alabama Dept. of 

Conservation and Natural Resources, 1998; Foster Associates, 1998 . 

64 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
3.4 .4 Royalty Payments to the Federal Government from OCS Production 

With the exception of 8(g) payments, all royalties from OCS production go to the federal 

government. State and local governments do not receive a share. Accordingly, there is no direct 

economic stimulus to state and local economies from federal royalties . Although there will be a 

small amount of "spill-back" from federal spending of these monies, employment and income 

impacts associated with federal spending of royalty payments are not estimated in this report . 

3.4 .4 .1 Royalty Payments to the Federal Government from Mobile OCS Production 

Table 3 .4-13 summarizes estimated royalty payments to the federal government from gas 

production in the Mobile OCS. Currently all leases on the Mobile OCS are assessed a royalty 

rate of 16.67 percent. Based on the production forecast, and on the gas price forecast shown in 

Table 3 .4-4, production in the Mobile OCS is estimated to be worth about $418 million in 1998 

(before allowed costs) and to peak at $543 million in 2001 . Annual royalty payments to the 

federal government, after allowed costs and 8(g) payments to Alabama, are estimated to be $54 

million in 1998, peak at $70 million in 2001, and decline to about $8 million by 2020 . 

3.4.4.2 Royalty Payments to the Federal Government from Destin Dome OCS Production 

Table 3 .4-14 summarizes estimated royalty payments to the federal government from forecast 

gas production in Destin Dome OCS. The Destin Dome OCS is also assessed a royalty rate of 

16.67 percent. The estimated value of gas produced in 2001 (before allowed costs) is about $95 

million, peaking at about $272 million in 2010. Annual royalty payments to the federal 

government, after allowed costs, are estimated to be $14 million in 2001, peak at $39 million in 

2001 and decline to about $12 million by 2020 . 

Figure 3 .4-3 summarizes federal royalty payments related to forecast Mobile and Destin Dome 

OCS production . Annual royalty payments to the federal government, after allowed costs, are 

estimated to peak at $97 million in 2004 and decline to about $20 million by 2020. As Figure 3 .4-3 

shows, Destin Dome OCS royalty payments will nearly equal the royalty payments from Mobile 

OCS gas production by the end of the first decade of the next century. Combined Destin Dome and 

Mobile OCS royalty payments will add from between $70 to $90 million annually to federal coffers 

for 10 years. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 65 
a 

a 

n 

A 

A 

A 

A 

0 

0 

m 

n 

Table 3.4-13 

Estimated Royalty Payments to the Federal Government 

from Projected Mobile OCS Gas Production 

(1998 Dollars) 

Federal Miocene Federal 

Miocene Production Norphlet 

Production Value Production 

(MMCFD) (Millions) (MMCFD 

Norphlet 

Production Total 

Value Production 

(Millions) (MMCFD 

Total Royalty 

Production Allowable Production 

Value Costs' Value 

( Millions) (Millions) (Millions) 

Federal 

Royalty 

Rate 

Federal 

Royalty 

Revenues 

(Millions) 

8(g) 

Payments to 

Alabama' 

(Millions) 

Net Federal 

Royalty 

Revenues 

(Millions) 

1998 71 .7 $57.8 446.4 $360.1 518.0 $417.9 $52.8 $365.1 16 .7% $60.8 $73 $53.6 

1999 64.9 $52.8 527.9 $429.7 592.8 $482.5 $61 .9 $420.6 16 .7% $70.1 $8.4 $61 .6 

2000 58.9 $48.4 592.6 $486.7 651 .5 $535 .1 $69.3 $465.7 16 .7% $77.6 $8.6 $69.0 

2001 53.2 $44.1 602.6 $4993 655 .8 $543 .4 $70.8 $472.6 16 .7% $78.7 $8.5 $70.2 

2002 48.2 $40.3 583.3 $487.7 631 .5 $528 .0 $68.9 $459.0 16 .7% $76.5 $8.3 $68.1 

2003 43.6 $36.8 548.0 $462.3 591 .6 $499.1 $65.3 $433.8 16 .7% $723 $8.0 $64.3 

2004 39.6 $33.7 5123 $436.1 551 .9 $469.8 $61 .5 $408.3 16 .7% $68.0 $7.6 $60.4 

2005 35.7 $30.7 476.5 $409.2 512.2 $439.9 $57.6 $382.3 16 .7% $63.7 $7.2 $56.5 

2006 32.4 $28.0 444.5 $385.2 476.9 $413.3 $54.2 $359.1 16 .7% $59.8 $6.8 $53.0 

2007 29.3 $25.6 414.8 $362.7 444.1 $388.3 $51 .0 $337.4 16 .7% $56.2 $6.5 $49.7 

2008 26.6 $23.5 384.4 $339.2 411 .0 $362.6 $47.6 $315 .0 16 .7% $52.5 $6.2 $46.3 

2009 24.0 $21 .4 347.8 $309.6 371 .8 $331 .0 $43 .5 $287.5 16 .7% $47.9 $5 .8 $42.1 

2010 21 .7 $19.7 278 .2 $252.4 300.0 $272.1 $35 .3 $236.9 16 .7% $39.5 $3 .9 $35.5 

2011 19 .7 $18.2 250.8 $231 .8 270.5 $250.0 $32.1 $217.9 16 .7% $363 $3.5 $32.8 

2012 17 .9 $16.8 206.2 $1943 224.1 $211 .1 $26.7 $184.4 16 .7% $30.7 $3.1 $27.6 

2013 16 .1 $15.5 189.5 $181 .9 205.7 $197.4 $24.7 $172.6 16 .7% $28.8 $2.9 $25.8 

2014 14 .6 $14.3 171 .8 $168.0 186.4 $182.3 $22.6 $159.7 16 .7% $26.6 $2.8 $23.8 

2015 13 .2 $13.2 111 .6 $111 .3 124.9 $124.4 $15.1 $109.4 16.7% $18.2 $2.7 $15.5 

2016 12 .0 $12.2 104.6 $106.3 116.7 $118.5 $14.2 $104.2 16 .7% $17.4 $2.6 $14.8 

2017 10 .8 $11 .2 94.0 $97.3 104.9 $108.5 $12.9 $95.6 16 .7% $15.9 $2.3 $13.6 

2018 9.8 $10.4 51 .1 $53.9 61 .0 $64.3 $7 .3 $56.9 16 .7% $9.5 $0.8 $8.6 

2019 8.9 $9.5 47.6 $51 .1 56.4 $60.7 $6 .9 $53.8 16 .7% $9.0 $0.8 $8.2 

2020 8.1 $8.8 44.4 $48.6 52.4 $57.4 $6 .5 $50.9 16 .7% $8.5 $0.8 $7.7 

' Allowable costs include deductible production expenses and were estimated by Foster Associates ; allowed costs are assumed to be $0 .15/Mcf for Miocene 

and $030/Mcf for Norphlet. 

Payments related to production from wells located between 3 to 6 miles from the coastline . 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 
Table 3.4-14 

Estimated Royalty Payments to the Federal Government 

from Projected Destin Dome OCS Gas Production 

(1998 Dollars) 

Federal 

Destin Dome 

Production 

(MMCFD) 

Destin Dome 

Production 

Value 

(Millions) 

Allowable 

Costs' 

(Millions) 

Royalty 

Production 

Value 

(Millions) 

Federal 

Royalty 

Rate 

Federal 

Royalty 

Revenues 

(Millions) 

1998 $0.0 $0 .0 $0 .0 $0 .0 16 .7% $0.0 

1999 $0.0 $0 .0 $0 .0 $0 .0 16 .7% $0.0 

2000 $0.0 $0 .0 $0 .0 $0 .0 16 .7% $0.0 

2001 $115 .0 $95 .3 $12 .9 $82 .4 16 .7% $13.7 

2002 $220.0 $183 .9 $25 .0 $159 .0 16 .7% $26.5 

2003 $270.0 $227.8 $30.9 $196.9 16 .7% $32.8 

2004 $300.8 $256.1 $34.8 $221 .3 16 .7% $36 .9 

2005 $300.0 $257.7 $35 .0 $222.7 16.7% $37 .1 

2006 $300.0 $260.0 $35 .3 $224.7 16.7% $37 .4 

2007 $300.0 $262.3 $35 .6 $226.7 16.7% $37 .8 

2008 $300.8 $265 .4 $36.0 $229.4 16.7% $38 .2 

2009 $300.0 $267.1 $363 $230.8 16.7% $38 .5 

2010 $300.0 $272.1 $36.6 $235 .6 16.7% $39.2 

2011 $205.0 $189.5 $25 .2 $164.3 16.7% $27.4 

2012 $180.5 $170.0 $22.4 $147.6 16.7% $24.6 

2013 $160.0 $153 .6 $20.0 $133 .5 16.7% $22.2 

2014 $140.0 $136.9 $17.7 $119.2 16.7% $19.9 

2015 $125.0 $124.6 $15 .9 $108.6 16.7% $18.1 

2016 $115 .3 $117.1 $14.8 $102.3 16.7% $17.0 

2017 $100 .0 $103.5 $13 .0 $90.5 16.7% $15 .1 

2018 $90 .0 $94.9 $11 .8 $83 .1 16.7% $13 .8 

2019 $80.0 $86 .0 $10.6 $75.4 16.7% $12.6 

2020 $75 .2 $82 .3 $10 .0 $72 .3 16.7% $12.0 

' Allowable costs include deductible production expenses and were estimated by Foster Associates . 

These allowed costs are assumed to be $0.15/Mcf for Miocene and $030/Mcf for Norphlet. 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 67 
120 

100 

0 80 

A 

0 60 

a 

.° 40 

. .. 

20 

0 

00 

all 

Figure 3.4-3 . Comparison of Federal Government Royalty Revenues from Mobile 

OCS and Destin Dome OCS 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

68 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 

O N d' ~1O 00 O N ~ ~1O 00 O 

O O O O O - - - - "-+ N 

O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

[ " Mobile OCS IM Destin Dome OCS 
4.0 Regional Economic Effects of Coastal Alabama Natural Gas Development and 

Production 

Mobile County and the States of Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas have experienced major 

economic stimuli from Coastal Alabama offshore gas development. Between the 1979 Mobile 

Bay gas discovery and 1998, the offshore gas industry spent approximately $3 .6 billion on 

exploration and development activities, with an additional $850 million spent on operations and 

maintenance. Approximately $300 million more will be spent by 2000 to bring existing state and 

federal offshore fieldsl to their forecast maximum production of over 1 .3 BCFD. In addition to 

these direct expenditures, trust fund earnings and tax payments to the State of Alabama and to 

Coastal Alabama counties currently add more than $150 million annually to General Fund 

budgets. These will grow to approximately $200 million annually by 2010. This section 

documents the significance of the economic effects from these expenditures on Mobile County, 

the rest of Alabama, and the States of Louisiana and Texas. 

In this study economic effects are measured in terms of the new jobs and related personal income 

that is brought into the region by offshore natural gas development. Economic effects of 

offshore production are estimated for three "impact regions." These regions were defined 

because the effect on each is different. 

Mobile County is the staging area for offshore operators and is the location of onshore gas 

plants and long-term O&M workers. Although Mobile and Baldwin Counties do receive 

small amounts of direct tax revenues from offshore operators, direct industry expenditure in 

O&M has the largest economic effect on the local area. All Alabama direct offshore-industry 

spending occurs in Mobile County; none "leaks" out to the rest of the state. 

The State of Alabama (excluding Mobile County) receives the majority of tax revenues and 

all of the bonus and royalty payments associated with offshore production in state waters . 

The economic effects on the State of Alabama result from government spending of these 

monies, not from direct offshore industry spending. 

" Louisiana and Texas (LA/TX) provide the majority of the specialized equipment and labor 

required to explore and drill for offshore Alabama gas resources, and to install the platforms 

and pipelines to bring the gas to shore. These states receive no tax revenues from offshore 

Alabama production . 

For each impact region, where applicable, the following four "producing areas" track the effects 

of offshore operators' and related government spending: 

1 . Alabama State-production occurring in Alabama state waters ; 

2. Mobile OCS-production occurring in the Mobile area of federal OCS waters offshore 

Alabama; 

3 . Coastal Alabama- the sum total of production occurring in state and federal waters 

offshore Alabama (i .e ., producing areas 1 and 2); and 

Existing fields shown in History Report Table 6.15 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 69 
4. Destin Dome OCS-production occurring in the Destin Dome area of federal OCS waters in 

the Eastern Gulf of Mexico (offshore Florida). 

Table 4.0-1 shows a matrix detailing the producing areas that affect each impact region . For each 

producing area there are four potential spending subcategories: 

Exploration, Infrastructure, O&M; 

" State Tames & Trust Fund Interest ; 

" Local Taxes; and 

Federal Royalties. 

These categories represent the potential spending streams that drive regional economic effects . 

Not all producing areas affect each impact region . For example, Table 4.0-1 shows that Destin 

Dome OCS production affects Mobile County and LA/TX only through spending on 

Exploration, Infrastructure, and O&M. The State of Alabama outside Mobile County is 

unaffected . 

Table 4.0-1 

Coastal Alabama Producing Areas and Associated Impact Regions 

Impact Regions 

Mobile Alabama Louisiana/ 

County State Texas 

Alabama State Alabama State 

Exploration, Infrastructure, O&M V/ 

Trust Fund Interest V/ 

State & Local Taxes 

S 

V/ 

Mobile OCS 

4 

Mobile OCS 

I 

Exploration, Infrastructure, O&M ~ - 

Federal Royalties - V/8(g) - 

Destin Dome OCS Destn Dome OCS 

Exploration, Infrastructure, O&M ~ - 

= Spending affects region 

- = Spending does not affect region 

Mobile County, State of Alabama, and LA/TX IMPLANz models were used for the analysis . 

The models were recalibrated as described in Section 3 .2 . Producer expenditures and 

government spending, as described in Sections 3 .3 and 3 .4, provide the input data for the models . 

Economic effects can be broken into three components: 

z For a discussion of the IMPLAN model, see sections 3.1 and 3.2 . 

70 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Direct effects-these are tied directly to gas industry purchases from prime contractors and 

suppliers; 

" Indirect effects-effects related to the production of goods and services that are purchased by 

prime contractors and suppliers ; 

Induced effects-effects related to the re-circulation of wages, salaries, and profits of the 

direct and indirect providers of the services and inputs . 

For each of these effects, the IMPLAN model produces a "multiplier." Multipliers show the 

economic effect per unit change of input spending. These units are multiplied by total spending 

to yield total economic effects. In this analysis, multipliers have been developed for employment, personal income, and population . The IMPLAN multipliers are shown in Appendix A. 

The subsections below discuss the economic effect of Coastal Alabama development on the three 

impact regions: Mobile County (Section 4.1), the State of Alabama (Section 4.2), and LA/TX 

(Section 4 .3) . All economic impact estimates mentioned in this study refer to total effects : the 

sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects. Alabama effects are exclusive of Mobile County. 

4.1 Economic Effects of Offshore Gas Development on Mobile County 

This section describes the economic effects of Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome OCS offshore 

gas development on Mobile County. Section 4.1 .1 describes the offshore operator and 

government spending that drive economic effects . Section 4.1 .2 describes the effects of Coastal 

Alabama production, and its Alabama state and Mobile OCS components . Section 4 .1 .3 

describes estimated economic impacts of forthcoming Destin Dome OCS production. 

4.1 .1 Offshore Operator Expenditures in Mobile County 

Coastal Alabama exploration and development (E&D) has brought substantial spending to 

Mobile County, even though the county lacks the technical infrastructure to supply most of the 

services and labor the industry requires . Table 4.1-1 shows for each major expenditure category 

the fraction of offshore operators' spending that occurs in the local area. The remainder is spent 

outside the region, primarily in fabrication yards and port bases in Louisiana and Texas . Table 

4.1-2 shows the spending streams that drive economic effects on Mobile County, including local 

government tax spending . Figure 4.1-1 shows offshore operators' spending segmented by 

producing region . As the figure shows, operators in Alabama state waters dominated early years' 

spending. From 1994 through the turn of the century, spending in state and federal waters will be 

roughly equal, after which the addition of Destin Dome production will cause federal OCS 

spending to dominate . 

Local government spending, shown on Table 4.1-2, reflects general fund spending of industryrelated tax revenues as described in Section 3 .4 . All local taxes are from production in Alabama 

state waters . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 71 
Table 4.1-1 

Mobile County Components of Offshore 

Operator Expenditures 

$250 

00 

°4 $200 

$150 0 

A 

o $100 

a 0 

$50 

$0 

Mobile 

Activity County 

Component 

Exploration & development drilling 15% 

Pipeline contracting 10% 

Platform fabrication & installation 15% 

Onshore gas treatment plants 70% 

Production operations and maintenance 85% 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Figure 4.1-1 . Mobile County Component of Offshore Operator Spending 

from Total Coastal Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1994, 1996, 1998. 

72 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 

N ~ ~O o0 O N ~t ~O 00 O N ~ ~1O o0 O N ~ ~O o0 O 

CO CO CO CO O~ O~ O~ O'~ 01 O O O O O - - - - - N 

O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" AL State D Mobile OCS D Destin Dome OCS l 
Table 4.1-2 

Mobile County Component of Total Coastal Alabama Expenditures by Activity 

(Millions of Dollars) 

Year 

Exp/Dev 

Drilling 

Pipeline 

Contracting 

Platform 

Fab/Inst 

Onshore Gas 

Plants 

Production 

O&M 

Government 

Spending Total 

1982 7 .7 - - - - - 7.7 

1983 10 .1 - - - - - 10.1 

1984 26 .9 - 0 .9 - - - 27.8 

1985 36 .9 0.4 0 .9 - - - 38.2 

1986 17 .3 2.5 - 7.0 - - 26.8 

1987 20 .7 - 7 .2 42.0 - - 70.0 

1988 15.1 - 6 .9 3 .5 2 .9 0 .0 28.4 

1989 8.9 2.0 0 .9 17.5 4 .0 0 .1 33.4 

1990 18.3 6.9 11 .4 38.5 6.1 0.1 81 .2 

1991 31 .6 9.8 15 .9 38.5 11 .1 0.1 107.0 

1992 15.1 7.1 19.3 42.0 60.8 0.3 144.7 

1993 16.0 5 .4 25.6 73 .5 66.8 0.8 188.1 

1994 27.1 0.7 17 .1 - 107.1 2 .6 154.6 

1995 8.6 2.0 9 .2 - 109.0 1 .7 130.4 

1996 14.8 2.3 3 .8 - 108 .5 2.6 131.9 

1997 15.4 6.5 - 3 .5 122 .0 2 .9 150.3 

1998 12.4 3 .3 0 .8 - 132 .1 4.2 152.7 

1999 15.8 0.8 . 3 .0 3 .5 143 .7 4.5 171.2 

2000 8.5 3 .0 3 .0 - 154 .6 4.8 173.9 

2001 3 .8 - 0 .8 - 153 .8 5 .0 163.2 

2002 - - - - 148 .8 5 .0 153.9 

2003 3 .8 - 0 .8 - 142 .5 5 .3 152.2 

2004 - - - - 135.1 53 140.5 

2005 - - - - 126.2 5 .2 131.4 

2006 - - - - 117.0 5 .1 122.1 

2007 - - - - 106.4 4 .9 111.3 

2008 - - - - 100.0 4 .8 104.8 

2009 - - - - 85.1 3 .8 88.8 

2010 - - - - 71 .4 3 .3 74.7 

2011 - - - - 66 .0 3 .3 69.3 

2012 - - - - 58 .6 3 .2 61.8 

2013 - - - - 543 3 .1 57.4 

2014 - - - - 50 .1 3 .1 53.2 

2015 - - - - 41 .4 3 .0 44.4 

2016 - - - - 33 .1 2 .7 35.8 

2017 - - - - 30 .5 2 .7 33.2 

2018 - - - - 24 .5 2 .6 27.1 

2019 - - - - 23 .0 2 .6 25.6 

2020 - - - - 21 .6 2 .5 24.1 

I Expenditures from 1982 to 1997 are in current dollars . Expenditures after 1997 are in constant 1998 dollars . 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998; Chevron USA, Inc ., 1996. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 73 
4.1 .2 Economic Effects of Coastal Alabama Production 

This section presents the economic effects on Mobile County of Coastal Alabama natural gas 

production . This reflects the combined effects of Alabama state and Mobile OCS production . 

Sections 4.1 .2 .1 and 4.2 .2 .2 provide a breakdown of the economic effect on Mobile County from 

production in the individual producing regions. 

Mobile County added 23,000 new jobs to the labor force between 1982 and 1992 . Approximately 

2,500 of the jobs created during this period were a result of the offshore gas industry buildout, as 

shown on Figure 4 .1-2 . The gas industry employment during this period was largely due to the 

county's significant participation in the construction of three onshore gas processing plants and 

related office and storage buildings. Mobile County also experienced job growth in industries 

related to the county's small share of specialized offshore gas development activities. Gas 

industry-related employment growth was mostly attributable to state production in early years; 

federal OCS-related employment became significant by 1995 . Completion of the Coastal 

Alabama buildout and ongoing production will sustain more than 2,500 Mobile County jobs 

through the turn of the century. 

The creation of new jobs fluctuated with gas industry spending patterns between 1982 and 1993 . 

Figure 4 .1-2 shows how they will change in the future in relation to industry expenditures and 

production-driven tax revenues. Employment in the county reached its first peak in 1985 during 

the period of drilling build-up and construction of onshore support facilities . The construction of 

Mobil's onshore gas plant created the second peak in 1987. The 1990-1993 build-up to over 

3,000 new jobs was associated mostly with construction of Exxon's onshore treatment plant. 

3,500 

i, 3,000 

0 

2,500 

a 

2,000 

. .. 

1,500 

0 1,000 

0 

z soo 

0 

Figure 4.1-2 . Mobile County Employment from Total Coastal Alabama 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

74 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 

N ~ ~1O o0 O N 't ~~O 00 O N ~ ~1O 00 O N IT \O o0 O 

00 00 00 00 ~ O~ O~ O,\ QN O O O O O - - - - - N 

O~ ~ O~ ~ ~ O~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" AL State D Mobile OCS 
Figure 4.1-3 shows how employment peaks coincide with the E&D process . The production 

step-up in 1992 created significant O&M-related employment-particularly in Mobile County, 

where 85 percent of O&M expenditures are made. The number of O&M jobs surpassed 1,000 in 

1993 and should exceed 2,000 by 1999 . O&M-driven jobs will be sustained over the life of the 

fields, following the production pattern. O&M employment will not fall below 1,000 until after 

2010. 

Pipeline laying and platform construction, activities largely undertaken by specialized industries 

in Louisiana and Texas, create little employment for Mobile County residents . These activities 

are generally undertaken by crews of workers brought to Mobile Bay for a season at a time. 

Their payroll checks are largely spent back home. 

Figure 4 .1-4 shows how new jobs created in Mobile County by Coastal Alabama exploration and 

development are distributed across the major economic sectors. The 1985 employment peak was 

driven mostly by the creation of almost 800 new drilling jobs, mostly in Construction, 

Manufacturing, and Services . The 1987 employment peak represents over 1,300 new jobs, with a 

large component of workers in Construction and in Services, most of whom are associated with 

the building of gas treatment plants . This same pattern of industry sector employment is reflected 

in the 1990-1993 build-up. 

Figure 4.1-4 shows an increase in Government sector jobs after 1994, a result of an increase in 

severance tax expenditures . Because local jurisdictions receive only a small fraction of the tax 

3,500 

3,000 

0 

~' 2,500 

a 

2,000 

. ., 

1,500 

0 1,000 

500 

0 

N ~' ~O c0 O N ~ ~O o0 O N ~t \O oo O N ~' ~O oo O 

00 00 00 00 O~ O~ ~ O~ O~ O O O O O ~ ~ ~ ~+ -+ N 

O~ O~ ON O~ QN Ol~ O~ 01~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Exp/Dev Drilling M Pipelines 

D Platforms M Onshore Gas Treatment 

ffI O&M 11 Local Taxes 

Figure 4.1-3 . Mobile County Employment By Activity from Total Coastal 

Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 75 
revenues collected by the state, government employment impacts on Mobile County are 

comparatively small. Construction and Services jobs will dominate new employment 

opportunities as construction continues until late into the decade. Jobs in Retail Trade will 

become increasingly significant, reflecting the growing importance of local payrolls after the 

completion of build-out. 

Since drilling began in the early 1980s, the gas industry has brought significant personal income 

to the county . Figure 4.1-5 shows the annual levels of Mobile County personal income (the sum 

of wages, salaries, and local profits) associated with Coastal Alabama gas industry development 

and production . Personal income generated in Mobile County peaked at over $100 million in 

1993 and will hit a second, lower peak in 2000 at $88 million before beginning a gradual decline 

over the forecast period. 

The offshore gas industry has created numerous jobs and opportunities in Mobile County. 

Figure 4 .1-6 plots Mobile County employment and population change resulting from Coastal 

Alabama development and production . Changes in relative wage rates, increased demand for 

labor, and generally improved economic conditions in the area caused people in search of 

employment and their dependents to migrate to the region . By 1998, nearly 5,000 people had 

done so, as shown on Figure 4.1-6 . These population levels will be sustained through 2005, after 

which Coastal Alabama baseline production will decline, taking with it O&M employment. 

3,500 

3,000 

0 

2,500 

2,000 

.., 

1,500 

0 1,000 

500 

0 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction M Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government 13 Trade 

Figure 4.1-4 . Mobile County Employment By Economic Sector from Total 

Coastal Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

76 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 

N d' ~O c0 O N ~ ~O CO O N It ~D CO O N ~ ~10 c0 O 

00 00 00 00 Ol~ Q" QN Os O'~ O O O O O N 

O" O" O" ON O~ Q~ O*N ON O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 
$120 

$100 

o $80 

A 

o $60 

a 

^° $40 

r 

.~ 

$20 

$0 1 i 

N 't ~O 00 O N ~ ~D 00 O N Itt ~D 00 O N lzt ~ 00 O 

00 00 00 00 O*) O~ C) ON O'~ O O O O O N 

O~ O~ O~ O~ O~ 01 O~ O*~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

. N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.1-5 . Mobile County Personal Income from Total Coastal Alabama 

Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998. 

8,000 

7,000 

6,000 

r y~ 

2 5,000 

o b 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

0 

N ~ ~O 00 O N ~ ~O 00 O N ~ ~O CO O N ~ ~ ~ O 

00 00 00 00 O~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O O O O O ~ "-+ ~ ~ ~ N 

O O O O O O o 

~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

+ Employment -0- Population 

Figure 4.1-6 . Mobile County Employment and Population Change from Total 

Coastal Alabama Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 77 
4.1 .2 .1 Economic Effects of Alabama State Production on Mobile County 

This section details economic effects resulting from development and production in Alabama state 

waters . As shown previously in Figure 4.1-1, early spending to develop Coastal Alabama gas 

resources was dominated by producers in Alabama state waters . Figures 4.1-7a and 4 .1-7b depict 

Mobile County employment from offshore operators' spending in Alabama state waters by major 

industry expenditure category and by economic sector, respectively . Mobile County industry-related 

employment peaked in 1993 at close to 2,000 jobs. Local employment was dominated by jobs 

resulting from construction of the Exxon gas plant combined with growing O&M employment as 

production began to ramp up. 

Mobile County's 10 percent share of gas severance tax receipts adds marginally to county 

employment. There is a small spill-back effect to Mobile County from state spending of trust fund 

interest, but the IMPLAN model does not capture it . This analysis does not attempt to quantify 

these spill back effects; conversations with local officials indicated that very little of the state trust 

fund interest spending finds its way back to Mobile County. The top segment on Figure 4 .1-7a, and 

Figure 4 .1-8 by itself, show the effect on Mobile County employment of the spending of gas 

severance tax revenues. An average of fewer than 50 jobs were created annually before the big 

step-up in production in late 1993 . Mobile County government spending creates jobs largely in the 

Government sector-primarily public safety and education. Re-circulation of the wages and 

salaries in these sectors causes expansion in the Retail Trade sector, as shown in Figure 4.1-8 . 

Budgets to sustain Government sector employment in Mobile County will follow the gas 

production profile, resulting in a slow decline in employment following the 2000-2005 peak. 

2,500 

0 2,000 

.. 

0 1,500 

. .. w+ 

.  

^C 

1,000 

0 

soo 

0 

N d' ~O oo O N d' ~0 00 O N ~ ~O o0 O N q:T \O c0 O CO c0 00 0o ON ON O~ Q,~ ON O O O O O 

Ol~ OI\ Gl~ O~ ON O~ O*~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Exp/Dev Drilling D Pipelines 

D Platforms M Onshore Gas Treatment I 

EI O&M 0 Local Tomes 

Figure 4.1-7a. Mobile County Employment By Activity from Alabama 

State Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

78 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
2,500 

0 2,000 

0 1,500 

... 

... 

^C 

1,000 

w 

O 

soo 

0 

N d' ~O 00 O N Itt I'D 00 O N ~ ~O o0 O N d' ~O 00 O 

00 00 00 0o O~ ~ ON O~ ~ O O O O O - - - 

01 01 Q1 O~ Q1 01 Ol~ 01 01 O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction M Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government 0 Trade 

Figure 4.1-7b. Mobile County Employment By Economic Sector from Alabama 

State Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

160 

140 

120 

a 100 0 .., 

b 80 

Q 60 

° 40 0 

z Zo 

0 

N ~ ~O o0 O N ct ~O o0 O N 't ~G 00 O N ~ ~10 GO O 

00 00 00 00 O~ O~ C'~ O'~ ON O O O O O N 

O~ ON O~ Q~ al~ Q~ a,% ON ON O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction M Svcs ., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government 0 Trade 

Figure 4.1-8 . Mobile County Employment by Economic Sector Due to Offshore Gas 

Tax Revenues from Alabama State Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 79 
During most of the 1990s, Alabama State production has added between $40 and $50 million to 

Mobile County personal income. Personal income peaked in 1993 at $68 million, corresponding 

with that year's peak in employment. As shown in Figure 4 .1-9, personal income levels between 

$40 and $50 million annually will be maintained through the first half of the next decade . The 

economic stimulus to Mobile County resulting from state production has attracted almost 3,000 

new residents to the region . As Figure 4.1-10 shows, just over two residents moved to the region 

for each new job created. 

$80 

$70 

a $60 

^. 

~° $50 

o $40 

o $30 . .. 

$20 

$10 

$0 

N ~ \~O 00 O N ~ \1O 00 O N ~ \~O c0 O 1~O oo O 

00 00 00 0o O', O" Q~ C~ O~ O o 0 o O - ~ --~ N 

ON ON ON ON O~ O~ O~ ~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

Figure 4.1-9 . Mobile County Personal Income from Alabama State Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

4,500 

4,000 

3,500 

3,000 

c a~ 

70 2,500 

2,000 

1,500 

° ~' 1,000 0 

z soo 

0 

N ~ ~O o0 O N qzt ~O CO O N ~ ~O o0 O N d' ~O GO O 

00 00 00 00 O~ O~ O~ O~ ~ O O O O O ~ ~ --~ ~ ~ N 

O~ Q~ O~ O~ Q~ Q~ O', O~, O, O O O O O O O O O O O 

-~- Employment -~ Population 

Figure 4.1-10. Mobile County Employment and Population Change from Alabama 

State Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

80 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
4.1 .2 .2 Economic Effects of Mobile OCS Production on Mobile County 

Offshore operators producing from the Mobile OCS (federal waters) have invested over $600 

million through 1998 in exploration, development, and O&M. Operators are projected to spend 

another $865 million-virtually all on O&M-from 1999 through 2020 . Exploration and 

development of Mobile OCS resources occurred later than in Alabama state waters, as indicated 

by the state and Mobile OCS expenditure streams shown in Figure 4.1-1 . Although production 

rates from Mobile OCS fields will approach those from Alabama state, economic effects on 

Mobile County are relatively smaller for OCS production . Two primary reasons account for this : 

" Mobile OCS operators have made less significant investments in onshore gas plants-$115 

million compared with over $270 million invested by Shell, Mobil, and Exxon for their 

Alabama state fields-instead opting for more on-platform treatment. The majority of 

spending on gas treatment facilities for Mobile OCS gas occurred at Louisiana and Texas 

fabrication yards rather than in Mobile County. Also, the early years of Mobile OCS 

production contained more Miocene gas, which requires less treatment than Norphlet. 

" Mobile County collects no taxes, bonuses, or royalty payments from Mobile OCS producers. 

There is no direct effect of local government spending from Mobile OCS production . 

Mobile OCS production will generate over a thousand jobs in Mobile County during peak 

production years, as shown in Figure 4 .1-11 . The figure shows employment by stage of 

production. Local employment effects are dominated by O&M spending, which begin in 1991 . 

During the drilling and infrastructure phases between 1985 and 1994, federal operators sustained 

1,400 

1,200 

0 

1,000 

ca 

.~ 800 

. .. 

b 600 

d 

0 400 

z 200 

0 

N It ~O CO O N ~ ~-O CO O N ~ %%O o0 O N ~ ~O 00 O 

00 00 00 0o O'~ Q~ O'~ O'~ O~ O O O O O 

O~ O~ O~ OIN O~ Q*~ (ON 01 O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Drilling D Infrastructure D O&M 

Figure 4.1-11 . Mobile County Employment by Stage of Production from Mobile 

OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 81 
employment of over 500 persons in Mobile County in most years. Figures 4.1-12a and 4.1-12b 

depict local employment by expenditure category and by economic sector . Figure 4.1-12a shows 

jobs attributable to each major component of Mobile OCS exploration and development. Figure 

4.1-12b depicts the sectors of the economy where the new jobs are created. No government 

spending effects occur in Mobile County from Mobile OCS production as they do for Alabama 

state production. Accordingly, the number of jobs created in the government sector is smaller for 

Mobile OCS than for Alabama state production . 

Mobile OCS production has added up to $45 million of personal income to Mobile County 

annually through 1998. As Figure 4 .1-13 shows, personal income will reach a second peak over 

$40 million in 2000 as production tops out, followed by a gradual decline through the forecast 

period . Population growth attributable to Mobile OCS production follows employment, with 

about two new residents for every new job created, as shown on Figure 4.14. 

1,400 

1,200 

0 

^. 1,000 

800 

... 

b 600 

d 

0 400 

0 

Zoo 

0 

N ~ ~ 00 O N ~ ~ co O N Ilzr \~O oo O N mot ~O o0 O 

00 00 00 00 ON O'~ O'\ O'~ 01, O O O O O 

O~ cl~ Ol~ OII O~ OIN OI\ O-\ ON o 0 o O O o 0 0 0 0 0 

~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Exp/Dev Drilling D Pipelines 

D Platforms M Onshore Gas Treatment 

IM O&M S Local Taxes 

Figure 4.1-12a . Mobile County Employment By Activity from Mobile OCS 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

82 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
1,400 

1,200 

0 

1,000 

800 

... 

600 

d 

0 400 

0 200 

0 

N ~ ~O 00 O N ~ ~O 00 O N Tt \C OO O N It `O o0 O 

c0 c0 c0 co Ol~ O" O~ O'~ Q~ O O O O O 

O1\ ON aN O~ O*s ON ON Os O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction M Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government M Trade 

Figure 4.1-12b. Mobile County Employment By Economic Sector from Mobile 

OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

$50 

~, $40 

A $30 

w 0 

o $20 

. .. 

. .. 

$10 

$0 r i 

N q :T \O CO O N d' \O 00 O N ~ ~O 00 O N Nt \O 00 O 

00 00 00 00 O", Q~ O~ O'~ ON O O O O O ~ r+ '-+ ~ ~ N 

C7.1 C711 ON C" C71 C71 0~ ON all C> (= C) (= C) O C) C> C) CD C) 

"-+ "-+ - - - - - - " -+ N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.1-13. Mobile County Personal Income from Mobile OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 83 
3,000 

0 2,500 

2,000 

o ^d 

1,500 

1,000 

o 

0 500 

z 

0 

C14 1:t 110 C= 'IT 110 C) C14 111-r ~0 CD 1- 110 00 CD 

00 00 00 00 O~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O O O O O - 

O O O O O O O O O O O 

~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

Employment -a- Populati on 

Figure 4.1-14. Mobile County Employment and Population Change from Mobile 

OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

4.1 .3 Economic Effects of Destin Dome OCS Production on Mobile County 

By 2000 Mobile County's share of expenditures on drilling and infrastructure by Coastal 

Alabama producers will fall to near $10 million from its 1993 peak of over $120 million. This 

loss will be offset partially by Destin Dome OCS expenditures in Mobile County of $30 million 

in 2000. Mobile County's share of Destin Dome OCS expenditures, shown in Table 4 .1-3, will 

extend the flow of infrastructure spending to Mobile County into the middle of the next decade. 

When Destin Dome OCS production reaches peak in 2004, Mobile County will receive over $30 

million annually in O&M expenditures . By 2010, Destin Dome OCS activity will account for a 

third of industry expenditures in Mobile County. 

The jobs created in Mobile County by the Coastal Alabama build-out will be sustained beyond 

the turn of the century by Destin Dome OCS development activities . Figure 4.1-15 shows that 

Destin Dome production will add an additional 500 jobs to the Mobile County economy by 2000 . 

Employment in the early years is related to Mobile County's small share of exploration and 

offshore construction activities, peaking at over 560 jobs in 2003 . 

Destin Dome OCS development will entail only small investments in onshore gas plants-the 

largest source of local employment during early 1990s ramp-up of Coastal Alabama gas fields . 

Instead, Destin Dome production will rely on offshore treatment and utilization of excess 

capacity at existing onshore plants . As Figure 4 .1-16a shows, Mobile County employment 

related to offshore gas plant construction is minimal. Destin Dome production will not cause an 

abrupt reduction in local jobs as infrastructure development is completed-up-front construction 

jobs will be replaced about 1 :1 with ongoing O&M jobs as production reaches peak in 2004. 

84 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 4.1-3 

Mobile County Component of Destin Dome OCS Expenditures by Activity 

(Millions of Dollars) 1 

Year 

Exp/Dev 

Drilling 

Pipeline 

Contracting 

Platform 

Fab/Inst 

Onshore Gas 

Plants 

Production 

O&M Total 

1993 - - - - - 

1994 3 .0 - - - - 3.0 

1995 1 .5 - - - - 1.5 

1996 1 .5 - - - - 1.5 

1997 - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - 

1999 5 .6 - 3 .0 3 .5 - 12.1 

2000 11 .1 4 .5 11 .7 3 .5 - 30.8 

2001 7.8 3 .2 3 .3 - 12.8 27.1 

2002 5.7 0.2 2.9 - 24.6 33.3 

2003 3 .2 0.2 2.9 - 30 .2 36.4 

2004 - - - - 33 .6 33.6 

2005 - - - - 33 .5 33.5 

2006 - - - - 33 .5 33.5 

2007 - - - - 33 .5 33.5 

2008 - - - - 33 .6 33.6 

2009 - - - - 33 .5 33.5 

2010 - - - - 33 .5 33.5 

2011 - - - - 22.9 22.9 

2012 - - - - 20.2 20.2 

2013 - - - - 17.9 17.9 

2014 - - - - 15 .6 15.6 

2015 - - - - 14.0 14.0 

2016 - - - - 12.9 12.9 

2017 - - - - 11 .2 11.2 

2018 - - - - 10.1 10.1 

2019 - - - - 8.9 8.9 

2020 - - - - 8.4 8.4 

~ Expenditures from 1982 to 1997 are in current dollars. Expenditures after 1997 are in constant 

1998 dollars . 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998; Chevron USA, Inc., 1996. 

Thereafter, employment is solely related to O&M. Figure 4.16b shows jobs generated by 

industry sector . As with Mobile OCS expenditures, the largest direct employment impacts occur 

in Oil & Gas extraction, Construction, and Services . Impacts to other sectors are primarily the 

result of indirect and induced spending. Mobil County receives no tax or royalty payments from 

Destin Dome OCS production, so there are no direct government employment impacts. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 85 
3,500 

,a 3,000 

0 

2,500 

a 

2,000 

. .. 

1,500 

0 1,000 

0 

z soo 

0 

Figure 4.1-15. Mobile County Employment from Total Coastal Alabama and Destin 

Dome OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

600 

,a 500 0 

400 

a 0 . . . 

300 

4~.. 200 0 

z ioo 

0 

N ~ ~O oo O N ~ ~O c0 O N d' ~ w O N ~ \~O c0 O 

00 00 00 00 ~ ~ Ol~ O~ a,\ O O O O O 

ON ON G~ Q*~ O~ O~ cl~ OIN ON O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Exp/Dev Drilling D Pipelines 

D Platforms 10 Onshore Gas Treatment 

* O&M 12 Local Taxes 

Figure 4.1-16a . Mobile County Employment By Activity from Destin Dome OCS 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

86 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 

N Itt ~O o0 O N ~ ~1O o0 O N ~ ~O o0 O N ~' ~O c0 O 

00 00 00 00 O'~ ~ ~ C*~ C" O O O O O - ~ ~ ~ ~ N 

CII G~ GN ON O" Ol~ ON O~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Total Coastal Alabama D Destin Dome OCS 
600 

.c 500 0 

400 

a 0 . .. 

300 

b 

w 200 

0 

ioo 

0 

N 1:t 110 00 O N ~ IC o0 O N ~ ~D c0 O N ~ ~O oo O 

GO CO CO 00 Ol~ Q~ O~ O~ Q"~ O O O O O - 

C71 O~ O" O~ O~ O" O~ C*~ C~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

~ 1~ ~ ~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction M Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

101 Government 0 Trade 

Figure 4.1-16b. Mobile County Employment By Economic Sector from Destin 

Dome OCS Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 

The effect of Destin Dome OCS production on Mobile County personal income is shown in Figure 

4.1-17. Destin Dome OCS development will create personal income of about the $17 million 

annually in Mobile County from 2000 through the end of the decade . 

$25 

41 $20 

A $15 

r.., 0 

o $10 

. ., 

. ., 

$5 

$0 

N ~ \O 00 O N ~ \~O CO O N ~ ~O 00 O N d' \~O o0 O 

00 00 00 00 O~ O~ O'~ 0" C" O O O O O 

Q~ C*~ O~ ~ Ol~ OIN ON CN O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

~+ N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.1-17. Mobile County Personal Income from Destin Dome OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 87 
As shown in Figure 4.1-18, Destin Dome OCS development will sustain incremental population 

growth of about 1,000 Mobile County residents from 2000 to 2010 before beginning to fall as O&M 

employment drops. 

1,400 

1,200 

1,000 

800 

0 

600 

Q 400 

a.. . 

200 O 

z o 

N ~ ~10 oo O N ~ \O c0 O N d' \C 00 O N ~ ~10 oo O CO CO CO CO O'\ O" O" O1~ O'\ O O O O 

O~ O~ ~ Q~ ~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.1-18. Mobile County Population from Destin Dome OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

88 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
4.2 Economic Effects of Offshore Gas Development on the State of Alabama 

This section describes the economic effects of Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome OCS offshore 

gas development on the State of Alabama outside of Mobile County. These effects are driven 

entirely by government spending of tax revenues, natural gas trust fund interest income, and 

federal 8(g) royalty payments. Section 4.2.1 describes the government spending streams that 

drive economic effects . Section 4.2 .2 describes the economic effects of total Coastal Alabama 

production, and its Alabama state and Mobile OCS producing-area components. Because the 

State of Alabama receives no tax revenue from production in the Eastern GoM, Destin Dome 

OCS development does not affect Alabama outside of Mobile County. 

4.2 .1 Expenditures by the State of Alabama Resulting from Coastal Alabama Offshore 

Gas Development 

The State of Alabama's expenditures of trust fund earnings and severance tax revenues from 

Alabama state production drive the gas industry-related stimulus to the state economy. 

Alabama's share of federal 8(g) royalties from Mobile OCS production constitutes the impact of 

Mobile OCS production on state spending. Because the state only spends the annual interest 

from its trust funds, the amount of dollars the state receives annually from operators is not the 

driver of economic impacts. Rather, the amount of money spent by Alabama state government 

drives economic impacts. The state and Mobile OCS components of government spending, 

summarized in Figure 4.2-1, were described in detail in Section 3 .4 . As the figure shows, the 

large majority of government spending results from production in Alabama state fields . State of 

$250 

$200 

A $150 

~., 0 

o $100 

.. . .. 

$50 

$0 

Figure 4.2-1 . Coastal Alabama Trust Fund Earnings, Tax Revenues, and 8(g) 

Payments from Total Coastal Alabama Production 

Sources: Alabama Dept. of Finance, 1998a; Alabama Dept. of Revenue, 1997; Alabama Dept. of 

Conservation and Natural Resources, 1998; Foster Associates, 1998. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 89 

N ~ ~D o0 O N ~ ~O o0 O N V' ~O 00 O N ~ ~O o0 O 

co co 0o co O~ O~ ~ O~ ~ O O O O O --+ - "-+ --+ - N 

Ol~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O1~ 01) 01) O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" AL State D Mobile OCS - 8(g) Interest 
Alabama spending related to Coastal Alabama offshore development exceeded $100 million in 

1989, rose to nearly $150 million in 1998, and will continue to grow through the forecast period . 

In 1998, spending of federal 8(g) revenues accounted for less than 1 percent of the total shown 

on Figure 4.2-1 . By 2020, 8(g) spending by Alabama will account for 4 percent of total spending, 

or $8 .7 million annually. 

4.2 .2 Economic Effects of Coastal Alabama Production on the State of Alabama 

Economic effects to the State of Alabama (excluding Mobile County) derive solely from the 

expenditure streams shown on Figure 4.2-1 . Coastal Alabama gas exploration and development, 

in addition to jobs it creates directly in Mobile County, creates a relatively small ripple effect 

across the rest of the State of Alabama. Due to limitations of the IMPLAN model, these ripple 

effects of offshore operator expenditures on the State of Alabama are not estimated here. Figure 

4.2-2 presents a comparison of jobs created in Mobile County-mostly due to direct industry 

spending with a small local tax component-with those created statewide. The figure indicates 

the greater relative importance of tax and trust fund revenues to the state's economy. 

Figure 4.2-3 shows the total number of jobs created in Alabama by Coastal Alabama production, 

segmented into Alabama state and Mobile OCS producing areas. New employment amounted to 

over 4,000 jobs in 1998, and will rise steadily through the forecast period to over 6,000 in 2020 

as trust fund earnings increase. Unlike production-based tax revenues, spending of interest from 

state trust funds will provide a continuing source of employment to the state. Employment from 

spending of tax revenues on Alabama state production dominates . Mobile OCS production 

created only 33 jobs in 1998, growing to 250 by 2020. 

8,000 

7,000 

6,000 

0 5,000 

. .. 

4,000 

Q 3,000 

°, 2,000 

0 1,000 

0 

Figure 4.2-2. Comparison of Mobile County and Alabama Employment 

from Total Coastal Albania Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

90 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 

N Zt 1.0 00 O N ~ \~O o0 O N ~ ~O o0 O N d' ~O o0 O 

00 00 00 00 O~ O~ O~ O*, Q,\ O O O O O 

Q~ O~ O~ O1~ O~ ~ 01~ O~ C*~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Mobile County D State of Alabama 
7,000 

6,000 0 

5,000 

4,000 

. .. 

3,000 

0 2,000 

0 

z 1,000 

0 

Figure 4.2-3. State of Alabama Employment from Total Coastal Alabama 

Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998. 

Figure 4.2-4 shows new employment in the state by economic sector from Coastal Alabama 

production. Since tax and trust fund revenues drive employment, it is not surprising that these 

expenditures have created and will create significant new employment in the Government sector. 

Services and Trade also show substantial employment, driven mostly by indirect and induced 

spending. 

Figure 4.2-5 depicts personal income growth in Alabama due to the Coastal Alabama offshore 

gas industry . Beginning in 1986, Coastal Alabama production added between $90 and $100 

million to the state's personal income annually for a decade. Personal income effects exceeded 

$100 million annually in 1996 and will gradually grow to $175 million annually by 2020. 

State of Alabama population effects from offshore gas industry activities are depicted in Figure 

4 .2-6 . New jobs and opportunities--created statewide by severance tax and trust fund 

spending-increased Alabama's population by over 8,000 people between 1982 and 1998 . 

Changes in relative wages, increased demand for labor, and generally improved economic 

conditions in the state caused workers and their families to migrate to the region . Figure 4.2-6 

shows that over 10,000 economic migrants will be drawn to the state by 2005, growing to over 

12,500 by 2020. Thereafter, population will be sustained by expenditures from the Alabama 

Trust Fund. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 91 

N ~f' ~O o0 O N ~ ~O c0 O N ~ ~O oo O N ~ ~O c0 O 

00 00 CO CO ~ O~ O~ ~ O~ O O O O O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N Q~ C*I a*, C11 C~ all all, a~ all CD CD CD C> CD C) CD CD 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" AL State D Mobile OCS 
7,000 

6,000 

0 5,000 

.0 4,000 

. .. 

3,000 

0 2,000 

0 1,000 

0 

N 'U' 110 o0 O N 1:h ~O oo O N ~ ~O o0 O N I- ~D o0 O 

00 00 00 CO QN O*' O" O*' O*~ O O O O O 

ON ON O11 Q1% O" O~ O" O~ 01~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction M Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government M Trade 

Figure 4.2-4. State of Alabama Employment By Economic Sector from Total 

Coastal Alabama Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998. 

$200 

y 

60 $150 

0 

A 

o $100 

0 

$50 

$0 

N 'It ~O c0 O N 'tT ',O oo O N ~ ~O oo O N 'zt ID c0 O 

00 00 00 00 ~ O*' C7, O*~ O" O O O O O - 

O" O*~ O" O~ ~ C" all O" all O O O O O O O O O O O 

- N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.2-5. State of Alabama Personal Income from Total Coastal Alabama 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

92 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
14,000 

w+ 

12,000 

. ., 

10,000 

8,000 

0 

6,000 

^C 

4,000 

4., 

° 2,000 0 

z o 

N ~ 110 00 O N ~ 110 c0 O N V' 110 co O N ~ 11O 00 O 

co co co 0o ON Ol~ O~ O O O O O ~ - - N 

~ O~ O~ ~ ~ O1~ O~ O1~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.2-6. State of Alabama Population from Total Coastal Alabama 

Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998. 

4.2 .2 .1 Effects of Production in Alabama State Waters on the State of Alabama 

As Figure 4.2-1 indicates, well over 95% of the economic impact to the state outside Mobile 

County from Coastal Alabama gas production is attributable to production from Alabama state 

waters . The reader is referred to the text and figures in Section 4.2 .1 for a description of these 

impacts. 

4.2 .2 .2 Economic Effects of Mobile OCS Production on the State of Alabama 

Economic effects outside Mobile County from Mobile OCS production are generated by the 

state's spending of federal 8(g) royalty revenues. Annual 8(g) payments accrue to Alabama's gas 

trust funds; the state spends only the interest annually. Although Alabama received over $7 

million in 8(g) revenues in 1998, interest on the accrued principal was estimated to total only 

$1 .2 millions . Figure 4.2-7 shows historic and projected 8(g) revenues and associated interest 

spending. 8(g) revenues follow production, declining to less than $1 million by 2020. Interest 

expenditures grow in each year as principal accumulates. By 2020 the early-years' revenueinterest relationship will be reversed-Alabama will receive $0.76 million in new revenues, but 

will spend almost $9 million in interest . As long as principal remains in the state's trust funds, 

Mobile OCS production will continue to benefit Alabama indefinitely . 

Alabama employment by economic sector from Mobile OCS production is shown on Figure 4.2-

8. In 1998, 8(g) fund interest spending supported 32 jobs. Employment will grow to 250 by 

2020. Government sector jobs account for two thirds of new employment, followed by Services 

and Trade . In 1998, these jobs accounted for just under one million dollars in personal income . 

' Foster Associates estimated expected interest income from trust fund deposits of 8(g) movies. State records do not 

account separately for expenditures tied to state vs . federal production . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 93 
$10 

$8 

A ° $6 

w 0 

$4 0 

$2 

$0 

N ~ IC oo O N ~ 110 CO O ~ CO O 

O~ ON O~ O~ O O O O O N 

O~ O~ O" O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

-~-Annual 8(g) Revenues --o--Annual Interest Spending 

Figure 4.2-7. Comparison of State of Alabama Annual 8(g) Revenues and 8(g) 

Interest Spending 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

300 

250 0 

200 

a 0 . . ., 

150 

^C 

100 0 

so 

0 

N ~t ~O 00 O N d' ~O o0 O N ~ ~O CO O N ~ ~ w O 

00 00 00 00 ~ C'~ O*) O~ C*~ O O O O O r+ ~ ~ ~ -+ N 

O*N C" Q~ ON QN O~ O1~ O1~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction M Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government 12 Trade 

Figure 4.2-8 . State of Alabama Employment By Economic Sector from Mobile OCS 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

94 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
As Figure 4.2-9 shows, personal income will gradually grow to $7 million by 2020, after which 

it will level off. By 1998, additional jobs created from Mobile OCS activities had caused 65 

persons to move to Alabama. Figure 4.2-10 shows that the population impact will grow to 500 

persons by 2020. 

$8 

$7 

$6 

° $5 A 

0 $4 

o $3 . .. 

$2 

$1 

$0 

N ~ ~O CO O N ~ ~1O 00 O N ~ ~O 00 O N ~ ~O 00 O 

00 00 co 00 O~ O" O~ O*~ O~ O O O O O ~ ------~ N 

O~ ON O~ O" O~ O~ OIN O~ ~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.2-9. State of Alabama Personal Income from Mobile OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

600 

v 

500 ... 

c~ 400 

0 300 . ., 

. ., 

b 200 

d 

w 

° 100 

° 0 1_ - - - - - 

N ~ %10 00 O N ~ \10 00 O N ~ 110 00 O N ~ 110 00 O 

00 00 00 00 O" O" O" O" O'\ O O O O O - ~ - - - N 

Q~ ~ O~ O~ O~ O~ Q~ ~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.2-10. State of Alabama Population from Mobile OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 95 
4.3 Economic Effects of Offshore Gas Development on Louisiana and Texas 

This section describes the economic effects of Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome OCS offshore 

gas development on Louisiana and Texas (LA/TX) . Effects are shown for the combined 

economies of the two states . LA/TX effects are driven entirely by offshore operators' spending. 

They are unaffected by Alabama local and state taxes and royalties. Section 4.3 .1 describes the 

offshore operator spending streams that drive economic effects. Section 4.3 .2 describes the 

effects of Total Coastal Alabama production, and its Alabama state and Mobile OCS 

components. The incremental impact of Destin Dome OCS development is described in Section 

4.3 .3 . 

4.3 .1 Offshore Operator Expenditures in Louisiana and Texas 

Mobile County, as previously discussed, has minimal infrastructure to support offshore gas 

exploration and development. The coastal areas of Louisiana and Texas, on the other hand, are 

home to specialized industries that can support offshore oil and gas drilling, platform and 

platform facilities construction, and pipelaying . Contractors from these areas provided the 

majority of workers needed to drill and develop Coastal Alabama gas. As previously identified 

on Table 4.1-1, LA/TX receives the bulk of expenditures for three of the five offshore 

development activities : 

" Exploration and development drilling 85 

" Platform fabrication & installation 85 

Pipeline contracting 90 

In addition to the above three activities, process units and tubular materials for onshore gas 

plants are fabricated in LA/TX and shipped to Mobile County for installation . Allowing for 

miscellaneous other onshore construction projects as part of gas plant construction expenditures, 

30 percent of gas plant requirements are assumed to come from LA/TX. Ongoing O&M for the 

platforms, processing plants, and shore bases is projected to draw 85 percent of its staff and 

supplies from Mobile County. Some people will continue to commute, however, and some 

specialized equipment and services will continue to be supplied from LA/TX. Therefore, 15 

percent of O&M spending is assumed to flow into LA/TX. Figure 4.3-1, which compares the 

Mobile County and LA/TX components of Coastal Alabama offshore spending, shows how the 

LA/TX component of spending has been concentrated during the early years of exploration and 

infrastructure build-out. 

Table 4 .3-1 shows the LA/TX spending streams that drive economic effects in the region. 

Offshore producers spent almost $3 billion between 1982 and 1998 on exploration and 

infrastructure in LA/TX, and over $100 million more on O&M. Development of existing Coastal 

Alabama fields was over 90 percent complete by 1998 . Buildout of existing fields, expected to 

be completed in 2003, will add another $250 million in LA/TX infrastructure spending. O&M 

will add an additional $333 million between 1999 and 2020. 

96 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
600 

500 

0 400 

A 

0 300 

y 

C7 

200 

.  

100 

N IT \O o0 O N ~' ~O o0 O N It \O oo O N ~ IC c0 O 

00 00 00 00 O" O~ O~ Q" O" O O O O O - ~ - ~ ~ N 

~ O~ O~ Ol~ O1~ O~ Q~ ~ O O O O O o 0 o O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Mobile County o LA/TX 

Figure 4.3-1 . Comparison of Mobile County to LA/TX Offshore Operator 

Expenditures from Total Coastal Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1994, 1996, 1998. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 97 
Table 4.3-1 

LA/TX Component of Total Coastal Alabama Expenditures by Activity 

(Millions of Dollars) 1 

Year Exp/Dev 

Drilling 

Pipeline 

Contracting 

Platform 

Fab/Inst 

Onshore Gas 

Plants 

Production 

O&M 

Total 

1982 43 .7 - - - - 43.7 

1983 57 .0 - - - - 57.0 

1984 152 .5 - 5 .1 - - 157.6 

1985 208 .9 3.6 5 .1 - - 217.6 

1986 97 .9 22.5 - 3 .0 - 123.4 

1987 117 .5 - 41 .0 18.0 - 176.4 

1988 85 .7 - 38 .8 1 .5 0.5 126.6 

1989 50 .5 18.0 5 .1 7.5 0.7 81.8 

1990 103 .7 62.1 64.3 16.5 1 .1 247.7 

1991 179 .1 88.2 89.8 16.5 2.0 375.6 

1992 85 .8 63.9 109.6 18.0 10.7 288.0 

1993 90 .6 48.2 145 .0 31 .5 11 .8 327.1 

1994 153 .8 5.9 97.1 - 18.9 275.6 

1995 48 .7 17.6 51 .9 - 19.2 137.4 

1996 83 .9 20.3 21 .3 - 19.2 144.6 

1997 87.5 58.1 - 1 .5 21 .5 168.6 

1998 70.1 29.7 4.3 - 23 .3 127.4 

1999 89.4 6.8 17.0 1 .5 25 .4 140.0 

2000 48 .1 27.0 17.0 - 27.3 119.4 

2001 21 .3 - 43 - 27.1 52.6 

2002 - - - - 26.3 26.3 

2003 21 .3 - 43 - 25.1 50.6 

2004 - - - - 23 .8 23.8 

2005 - - - - 22.3 22.3 

2006 - - - - 20.6 20.6 

2007 - - - - 18.8 18.8 

2008 - - - - 17.6 17.6 

2009 - - - - 15.0 15.0 

2010 - - - - 12.6 12.6 

2011 - - - - 11 .6 11.6 

2012 - - - - 10.3 10.3 

2013 - - - - 9.6 9.6 

2014 - - - - 8.8 8.8 

2015 - - - - 7.3 7.3 

2016 - - - - 5.8 5.8 

2017 - - - - 5.4 5.4 

2018 - - - - 4.3 4.3 

2019 - - - - 4.1 4.1 

2020 - - - - 3.8 3.8 

~ Expenditures from 1982 to 1997 are in current dollars . Expenditures after 1997 are in constant 

1998 dollars . 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998; Chevron USA, Inc ., 1996. 

98 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
4.3 .2 Economic Effects of Total Coastal Alabama Production on Louisiana and Texas 

Figure 4 .3-2 shows employment created in LA/TX from Coastal Alabama exploration and 

development. Employment rose from a few hundred in the early 1980s to peak near 6,000 in 

1985. After declining somewhat during the second half of the 1980s, LA/TX employment effects 

jumped to nearly 6,000 jobs in 1990. For the next four years, employment did not drop below 

that level. Employment at the peak of buildout in 1991 created over 8,500 jobs in LA/TX. 

Employment fluctuates with contracts related to the phases of various Coastal Alabama projects. 

Employment declined in 1995 to about 3,000 jobs, a level that will be maintained through 1999. 

Employment effects on LA/TX will drop off sharply after 2000. 

10,000 

8,000 

.. 

0 6,000 

w . . . ^O 

4,000 

r 

0 

0 2,000 

z 

0 

N ~t ~O 00 O N 'IT \D 00 O N ~ ~1O 00 O N Nr %O 00 O 

00 00 00 0o O*~ Q1\ O~ O~ O~ O O O O O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N 

O~ O~ O~ ~ Q~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

.-+ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -+ ~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.3-2 . LA/TX Employment from Total Coastal Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Figure 4.3-3 shows the combined jobs created in LA/TX and Mobile County to illustrate the 

regional Gulf Coast effects of Coastal Alabama offshore development. Peak-year employment 

in the early 1990s exceeded 10,000 jobs. Most of the jobs related to infrastructure development 

were created in LA/TX. As Coastal Alabama activity transitions from the development phase to 

the production phase by the end of the 1990s, Mobile County will become home to the dominant 

share of total Coastal Alabama offshore gas industry-related employment on the Gulf Coast. 

Each phase of development--drilling, infrastructure construction, and production-has 

employed specialized labor forces in LA/TX. Figure 4.3-4a shows LA/TX employment by major 

offshore expenditure category. The first peak in employment was related to drilling and reached 

nearly 5,500 jobs in 1985. Drilling contractor employment reached over 1,700 jobs in that year. 

For a decade from 1985 to 1994, LA/TX contractors were consistently busy-with a hiatus in 

1989-building platforms, platform facilities, and pipelines. This activity will continue at a 

slightly lower level of intensity through the end of the 1990s. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 99 
12,000 

0 10,000 

8,000 

.0 ., 

6,000 

4-4 4,000 

0 

2,000 

0 

Figure 4.3-3 . Mobile County and LA/TX Employment from Total Coastal 

Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

Figure 4.3-4b shows which sectors of the LA/TX economy receive the largest job creation 

stimulus. The majority of jobs are created in Construction, Manufacturing, Trade, and Services . 

Oil and Gas Extraction saw large employment spikes during peak years of exploration and 

drilling : 1984-85, 1991, and 1994. Manufacturing employment peaked in the early 1990s as a 

result of large investments in platform processing facilities and in equipment and vessels 

manufactured in LA/TX for installation in the onshore Mobile County gas plants . Services and 

Trade are largely indirect and induced effects ; they grow and contract with the direct 

employment in Construction, O&G Extraction, and Manufacturing 

Figure 4.3-5 shows the personal income associated with the employment and profits created in 

LA/TX. Over $200 million in wages and salaries were created in LA/TX in the peak years of the 

early 1990s. Personal income fell below $100 million annually in 1997 and will continue to 

decline as buildout is completed by early in the next decade. After this, effects on LA/TX will be 

driven by ongoing operations and maintenance. 

Figure 4 .3-6 shows the population effect on LA/TX from Coastal Alabama offshore 

development. The Coastal Alabama buildout created population spikes in LA/TX above 10,000 

persons during the late 1980s and early 1990s, peaking at over 16,000 residents in 1991 . Coastal 

Alabama production will sustain LA/TX population levels of around 5,000 persons through the 

end of the decade, dropping below 1,000 persons by 2002 . The IMPLAN model predicts sharp 

swings in population growth-up to 16,680 and down to 3,795 within 2 years of each otherrelated to peaks in industry activity . A more likely outcome is that population swings will lag 

behind cyclical changes in employment. People reliant on offshore support and construction 

activities are accustomed to such swings and will move in and out of the region with their 

families more slowly than Figure 4.3-6 suggests . 

100 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 

N IZT \C 00 O N ~ ~O o0 O N ~ \1O CO O N lzt ~ GO O 

00 00 00 00 O" O" O"' O~ C~ O O O O O - - - - - N 

O1\ OII OII O*I OII Ol~ OII Q~ Ol~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Mobile D LA/TX 
10,000 

9,000 

8,000 MID 

7,000 

0 6,000 .., 

5,000 

4,000 

0 3,000 

0 2,000 

1,000 

0 

N ItT ~~O CO O N ~ ~O oo O N "t \C oo O N ~t \%O Co O 

00 00 00 00 Q1 O~ Q1 Q~ O~ O O O O O - ~ ~ ~ ~ N 

O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Exp/Dev Drilling D Pipelines 

D Platforms M Onshore Gas Treatment 

MO&M 

Figure 4.3-4a. LA/TX Employment By Activity from Total Coastal Alabama 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

10,000 

V1 

8,000 

.. 

ee 

0 6,000 . .. 

. ., 

4,000 

4-. 0 

0 2,000 

z 

0 

N ~' ~O CO O N ~ \%O CO O N `* \O 00 O N ~ ~-O o0 O 

00 00 00 0o O~ O" O'\ O*~ ON O O O O O - - - 

Ol\ O~ O" O~ O*~ O~ O~ ~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

.-+ .~ .~ r+ -+ ~ ~ ~ -+ N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction M Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government Ell Trade 

Figure 4.3-4b. LA/TX Employment By Economic Sector from Total Coastal 

Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 101 
$350 

$300 

$250 

$200 

$150 

$100 

$0 

0 

A 

w 0 

y 

b 

O 

N ~ ~O o0 O N ~ \1O c0 O N ~ IC o0 O N ~ \1O oo O 

00 00 00 00 O" O" O" Q1\ O\ O O O o o N 

O~ 0~ 0~ 011 all C7.1 all a.\ C~ C) C) C) C) CD C) CD C) C) C) C) 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.3-5. LA/TX Personal Income from Total Coastal Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

18,000 

y 16,000 

14,000 

12,000 

.0 -0 10,000 

8,000 

6,000 

° `~ 4,000 0 

z 2,000 

0 

N d' \C oo O N ~ ~1O 00 O N ~ ~ 00 O N ~ ~ 00 O 

00 00 00 00 O~ 0~ a,, O" O" O O O O O 

Q~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O" O o O O O o O O O O O 

~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

Employment --0- Populati on 

Figure 4.3-6 . LA/TX Employment and Population Change from Total Coastal 

Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

102 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
4.3 .2 .1 Economic Effects of Alabama State Offshore Gas Production on 

Louisiana and Texas 

LA/TX receives its greatest economic effects from Coastal Alabama offshore gas development 

during the exploration, development, and infrastructure construction phases . Significant impacts 

on the LA/TX region began with Mobil's development of its Mary Ann field in Alabama state 

waters . LA/TX employment from Alabama state production peaked in 1991, as indicated on 

Figure 4.3-7, which shows LA/TX employment by expenditure category. Through 1989, almost 

all LA/TX employment was due to Exploratory and Development Drilling. Exploratory and 

Development Drilling and Pipeline Installation, activities where industry spending accrues 

primarily to LA/TX, both peaked in 1991 . $200 million in industry spending sustained almost 

5,000 jobs. For seven years before the 1991 peak (with a brief lull in 1989) and two years after, 

industry spending on development of Alabama state fields supported almost 2,000 or more jobs 

in LA/TX. As shown on Figure 4.3-8, which details the sectors of the economy where new jobs 

are created, LA/TX employment is about equally divided between heavy industry 

(Manufacturing, O&G Extraction, and Construction), and Services and Trade. If no additional 

reserves are discovered and produced in Alabama state waters, LA/TX employment will drop to 

250 or less beginning in 2003 after the last Aloe Bay well begins production . After this, O&M 

spending in LA/TX will support at least a hundred jobs until 2015, dropping to about 50 by 

2020. 

Figure 4.3-9 shows how LA/TX population has been and will be affected by development of gas 

in Alabama state waters . For a four-year period during the early 1990s, the LA/TX population 

6,000 

5,000 

0 

4,000 

. 0 ., 

y 3,000 

^C 

0 2,000 

z 1,000 

0 

" Exp/Dev Drilling m Pipelines 

D Platforms M Onshore Gas Treatment 

Ml O&M 

Figure 4.3-7. LA/TX Employment By Activity from Alabama State Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 103 

N ~ \O oo O N 1:t ~-c 00 O N ~ \C oo O N 't ~O c0 O 

00 00 CO CO O~ O*~ O,\ O,~ O~ O O O O O N 

O,\ OIN O*~ O1~ O1N O~ ON O~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 
increased by over 5,000 people as workers and their dependents moved to LA/TX to support the 

offshore industry . The IMPLAN model results show a population peak of over 10,000 persons in 

1991 . This is likely an overestimate resulting from the model's inability to forecast lags in 

changes to population levels resulting from large year-to-year changes to industry spending and 

output . 

6,000 

V1 

0 5,000 

4,000 

. 0 .. 

3,000 

^O 

2,000 44 0 

z 1,000 

0 

N ~ ~O o0 O N d' ~O c0 O N ~ ~O c0 O N ~ ~O c0 O 

00 00 00 00 O'~ O~ Ol~ O~ O*~ O O O O O 

O~ O~ O~ CIN Q~ ~ CIN O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

.~ .~ - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction 12 Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government M Trade 

Figure 4.3-8 . LA/TX Employment By Economic Sector from Alabama State 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

12,000 

a 

;0 10,000 

y 

a 8,000 

.0 6,000 

. . . 

4,000 

2,000 

0 

z o 

N ~ ~O o0 O N mt \~O 00 O N I:t \O CO O N ~' ~O OO O 

00 00 00 0o O,\ O~ O,~ O~ C,~ O O O O O 

all ON ON ON ON ON O1\ O~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.3-9. LA/TX Population from Alabama State Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

104 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
4.3 .2 .2 Economic Effects of Mobile OCS Production on Louisiana and Texas 

Exploration and development of Mobile OCS gas fields began in earnest in 1984, about two 

years after the development of Alabama state fields began. Offshore operators' spending in the 

Mobile OCS fields followed the same patterns as Alabama state fields, as shown in Figure 4 .3-

10. The figure shows total LA/TX spending to develop and produce Alabama state and Mobile 

OCS fields . Mobile OCS spending in LA/TX exceeded spending for state fields in 1984 (at $150 

million) and rose in 1985 to over $200 million. From 1990 through 1994, Mobile OCS spending 

in LA/TX generally remained above $150 million annually, peaking at over $250 million in 

1994. 

LA/TX employment effects from Mobile OCS exploration and development follow the spending 

pattern, as shown in Figures 4.3-11 a and 4.3-11 b, which detail LA/TX employment by activity 

and economic sector, respectively . Figure 4.3-11 a shows that exploratory and development 

drilling dominates early years' employment impacts, peaking at almost 3,200 jobs in 1985 . 

Significant construction of platforms and pipelines to support Mobile OCS production began in 

1990 and will continue through 2000. Unlike Mobile County and Alabama, LA/TX receive 

relatively little economic impact from ongoing gas production. The LA/TX share of O&M 

employment will peak with production in 2001 at 250 jobs, declining to 100 by the end of the 

next decade . 

$450 

$400 

$350 

$300 

o $250 

w $200 

$150 

$100 . ., 

$50 

$0 

Figure 4.3-10. LA/TX Component of Offshore Operator Spending from 

Total Coastal Alabama Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1994, 1996, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 105 

N ~ ~D o0 O N ~t ~O 0o O N ~ ~O o0 O N ~ ~D o0 O 

00 00 00 00 O\ 01 (7, O\ O\ O O o 0 0 - - - - - N 

cl~ ON O~ 01~ O~ O*~ Ol~ O1~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Alamaba State D Mobile OCS 
6,000 

a 5,000 

0 

4,000 

0 . .. 

b 3,000 

"Lf 

y~., 2 

O 

z 1,000 

0 

N ~ ~O o0 O N Nh %O c0 O N ~t ~O CO O N ~ ~1D oo O 

00 00 00 00 01 O~ Q~ O*~ O~ O O O O O 

01) ON O" O~ O~ 01 cl~ O*~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

~ ~ r-+ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1~ N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Exp/Dev Drilling D Pipelines 

O Platforms M Onshore Gas Treatment 

no O&M 

Figure 4.3-lla. LA/TX Employment By Activity from Mobile OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

6,000 

0 5,000 

4,000 

0 . ., 

b 3,000 

w 2,000 

0 

1,000 

0 

N ~ 1-O o0 O N mot 'C 00 O N ~ ~O oo O N ~ ~O c0 O 

00 00 00 00 O~ ~ ON O'~ O~ O O O O O 

O~ ~ 01 01 OIN O1% O~% ON O" O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction 

D Construction IM Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government 19 Trade 

Figure 4.3-llb. LA/TX Employment By Economic Sector from Mobile OCS 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

106 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Figure 4.3-11 b shows the industry sectors where the new jobs occur. Exploration and 

infrastructure development create direct employment in high-wage industry sectorsManufacturing, Oil & Gas Extraction, and Construction . For every job created in these sectors 

about one job is also created in the Services and Trade sectors. The high-wage gas industry jobs 

created in LA/TX add over $100 million in personal income to the region in the years of peak 

activity, as shown in Figure 4.3-12. In 1994, personal income topped $180 million. After 

infrastructure buildout of existing fields is completed in 2000, personal income in LA/TX from 

Mobile OCS production drops under $10 million annually through 2020. 

Offshore oil and gas industries are characterized by short periods of intense activity. Dramatic 

upsurges in employment, as shown in Figures 4 .3-11 a and 4 .3-11 b, are often followed by equally 

large declines. Accordingly, population shifts from year to year can be large, as shown on Figure 

4.3-13 . This is particularly pronounced for the Coastal Alabama gas industry's effect on LA/TX. 

Although LA/TX receives the majority of economic impacts form offshore exploration, 

development, and infrastructure, the region supports just 15 percent of ongoing operations and 

maintenance employment. Figure 4 .3-13 shows employment and population in LA/TX resulting 

from Mobile OCS production. LA/TX employment drops by over 85 percent after the installation 

of Mobile OCS facilities is completed in 2000 . However, the fluctuation in population shown on 

the figure likely overstates the true population changes taking place. When jobs on Coastal 

Alabama projects dry up, workers may find employment on other projects or may stay in the 

region waiting for the next period of intense development activity . 

$200 

$180 

$160 

$140 

A $120 

o $100 

o $80 

~. "" $60 

$40 

$20 

$0 

Figure 4.3-12. LA/TX Personal Income from Mobile OCS Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 107 

N "It ~O 00 O N ~ ~O 00 O N ~ ~O oo O N ~ \1O c0 O 

00 00 00 00 CN O~ ~ O~ ~ O O O O O - ~ ~ - - N 

01~ O~ 0,\ O O O O O O O O O O O 

- - - N N N N N N N N N N N 
12,000 

0 10,000 

ti 

8,000 

o "C 

6,000 

^C 

4,000 

o 

2,000 

0 

N ~ ~1O o0 O N ~ 110 c0 O N Zt ~O c0 O N ~ ~1O c0 O 

00 00 00 00 O~ ~ O~ O*~ O~ O O O O O - 

- - - - N 

O~ C, O, QN O~ a', C, O~ C, O O O O O O O O O O O 

- N N N N N N N N N N N 

Employment --D-- Popul ation 

Figure 4.3-13. LA/TX Employment and Population Change from Mobile OCS 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

4.3 .3 Economic Effects of Destin Dome OCS Production on Louisiana and Texas 

Destin Dome OCS delineation and development drilling, platform installation, and pipeline 

laying will take place largely after the Coastal Alabama build-out is completed and will be 

staged from existing shore-based facilities in Mobile County. No activities will be staged from 

Florida; there will be no economic stimulus to the Florida's Panhandle region. Large-scale 

equipment and platform construction will occur in LA/TX. Gas will be piped back to Mobile 

County to connect with the existing interstate system . Destin Dome OCS gas development will 

make use of existing onshore Coastal Alabama infrastructure. Table 4.3-2 details the LA/TX 

component of offshore operators' expenditures to explore, develop, and produce from the Destin 

Dome OCS. Development of the Destin Dome OCS will begin in 1999 with a LA/TX 

expenditure of $50 million. LA/TX expenditures will peak in 2000 at $171 million. 

Most of the economic stimulus of Destin Dome OCS development will occur in LA/TX because 

most of the specialized contractors are located there. Figure 4.3-14 shows that Destin Dome 

OCS will cause a third peak in employment in LA/TX at the turn of the century, increasing total 

regional employment from Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome OCS production to over 6,000 

jobs. Figures 4 .3-15a and 4.3-15b show LA/TX employment by offshore activity and by 

industry sector, respectively . Following a period of exploratory drilling from 1994 to 1996, 

significant well drilling and platform installation will begin in 1999, adding 1,000 jobs. Most 

platforms and pipelines will be installed during 2000 and 2001 . In preparation for a planned start 

of production in 2001, employment will peak at 3,700 jobs in 2000. Infrastructure activities will 

be completed by the end of 2003, after which LA/TX employment will drop to about 100 

persons-the LA/TX share of O&M employment-through the end of the decade. 

108 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table 4.3-2 

LA/TX Component of Destin Dome OCS Expenditures by Activity 

(Millions of Dollars)' 

Year 

Exp/Dev 

Drilling 

Pipeline 

Contracting 

Platform 

Fab/lost 

Onshore Gas Production 

Plants O&M 

Total 

1994 17.0 - - - - 17.0 

1995 8.5 - - - - 8.5 

1996 8.5 - - - - 8.5 

1997 - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - 

1999 31 .5 - 17 .0 1 .5 - 50.0 

2000 62.9 40 .5 66 .3 1 .5 - 171 .2 

2001 44.2 28 .8 18 .7 - 2.3 94.0 

2002 32.3 1 .8 16 .2 - 4.3 54.6 

2003 17.9 1 .8 16.2 - 5.3 41 .1 

2004 - - - - 5.9 5.9 

2005 - - - - 5 .9 5.9 

2006 - - - - 5 .9 5.9 

2007 - - - - 5 .9 5.9 

2008 - - - - 5 .9 5.9 

2009 - - - - 5 .9 5.9 

2010 - - - - 5 .9 5.9 

2011 - - - - 4 .0 4.0 

2012 - - - - 3 .6 3.6 

2013 - - - - 3 .2 3.2 

2014 - - - - 2.8 2.8 

2015 - - - - 2.5 2.5 

2016 - - - - 2.3 2.3 

2017 - - - - 2.0 2 .0 

2018 - - - - 1 .8 1 .8 

2019 - - - - 1 .6 1 .6 

2020 - - - - 1 .5 1 .5 

~ Expenditures from 1982 to 1997 are in current dollars. Expenditures after 1997 are in constant 

1998 dollars. 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 ; Chevron USA, Inc., 1996 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 109 
10,000 

8,000 

0 6,000 

... 

. . . 

^O 

4,000 

w 0 

2,000 

0 

Figure 4.3-14 . LA/TX Employment from Total Coastal Alabama and Destin Dome 

OCS Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998 . 

4,000 

3,500 

3,000 

0 2,500 

. ., 

y 2,000 

d 1,500 

° 1,000 0 

soo 

0 

N ~ ~O o0 O N I!t \C oo O N ~ 110 o0 O N qtT ~O CO O 

00 00 00 00 Ol~ O~ O~ 0~ O*~ O O O O O ~ ~ r-+ ~ ~ N 

ON Ol~ O~ CIN ON ON Ol~ O~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Exp/Dev Drilling D Pipelines 

O Platforms IM Onshore Gas Treatment 

no O&M 

Figure 4.3-15a . LA/TX Employment By Activity from Destin Dome OCS 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

110 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 

N ~ ~1O o0 O N IT ~~O 00 O N ~ ~O o0 O N ~ 110 00 O 

00 00 00 00 Q" O~ ~ O1~ O~ O O O O O N 

Q~ ON O~ O1~ (ON Q~ O~ 01 Q~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Total Coastal Alabama D Destin Dome OCS 1 
The Construction, Manufacturing, Oil & Gas Extraction, and Services sectors account for most 

of the new jobs created in LA/TX, as shown in Figure 4 .3-15b . Destin Dome OCS production 

will provide relatively fewer construction jobs than Coastal Alabama development because no 

new gas plants will be constructed. Rather, Destin Dome OCS will utilize unused capacity at 

Mobile County gas plants as Coastal Alabama production begins to decline. 

4,000 

3,500 

3,000 

0 2,500 

. ., 

2,000 

d 1,500 

w 

° 1,000 0 

soo 

0 

N ~t ~O CO O N NT \O CO O N 't \O CO O N ~ \~O 00 O 

00 00 00 00 O'~ O" O'~ O'~ O,\ O O O O O - - - - - N 

all ON als all, 01 all 0~ 0~ ON C> C) C> C) C) 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

" Manufacturing D O&G Extraction i 

O Construction E Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

Government El Trade 

Figure 4.3-15b . LA/TX Employment By Economic Sector from Destin Dome OCS 

Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998 . 

Destin Dome OCS production will add over $120 million to LA/TX personal income during the 

peak year of development, as shown on Figure 4.3-16 . After the Coastal Alabama and Destin 

Dome OCS build-outs are completed in 2003, LA/TX personal income effects drop sharply. 

Through the remainder of the forecast period, the contribution of Destin Dome OCS production 

to LA/TX personal income is related solely to O&M activities . 

Figure 4.3-17 shows that Destin Dome OCS production sustains LA/TX population levels from 

about 2,000 to over 7,000 during the development phase from 1999 through 2003 . Without 

Destin Dome OCS activity, these workers and dependents would require alternative sources of 

support in LA/TX during the early part of the next decade as assignments related to the Coastal 

Alabama build-out come to an end. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 111 
$140 

$120 

h 

0 

$80 

0 

$60 

0 

r $40 

$LO 

N "ti' ~1O o0 O N ~ \10 c0 O N ~ ~O oo O N ~ ~O o0 O 

00 00 00 00 Q~ 01\ O~ C" C'\ O O O O O 

O" O*~ O1\ O1~ O~ ~ ~ ~ O" O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.3-16. LA/TX Personal Income from Destin Dome OCS Production 

Source: Foster Associates, 1998. 

y O~OOO 

7,000 

'6,000 

5,000 

,0 4,000 

3,000 

w 2,000 

0 

a 1,000 

z o 

N ~ ~O 00 O N ~ \%O CO O N ~ ~ ~ O N ~t ~O GO O 

00 00 00 00 O~ ~ Q~ ~ O~ O O O O O ~ ~ --~ ~ N 

O~ O~ O~ Q~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O~ O O O O O O O O O O O 

N N N N N N N N N N N 

Figure 4.3-17. LA/TX Population from Destin Dome OCS Production 

Source : Foster Associates, 1998. 

112 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 1998 . State Lands Division. 

Telephone contacts with staff to obtain historic data and information on offshore gas bonus 

and royalty payments, trust fund income, and account balance. Montgomery, Alabama. 

Alabama Department of Finance, 1998a. State Comptroller's Office, Division of Control and 

Accounts. Telephone contacts to obtained data and statements of offshore natural gas 

production privilege tax revenues for the State of Alabama, Mobile County and Baldwin 

County. Montgomery, Alabama. 

Alabama Department of Finance, 1998b. Office of the State Comptroller. "State of Alabama 

Comprehensive Annual Financial Report ." Montgomery, Alabama. 

Alabama Department of Revenue, 1997. Natural Resources and License Tax Division, Severance 

Tax Section. "State of Alabama Oil and Gas Privilege and Production Tax Laws." 

Montgomery, Alabama. 

Alabama Oil and Gas Board, 1998 . Gas production data by field from online bulletin board 

system (now available on AOGB web site http ://ogbweb.gsa.tuscaloosa.al.us/ ). 

Alabama Treasurer's Office, 1998 . Telephone contacts with staff to obtain financial statements 

and information on the Alabama Trust Fund and Heritage Trust Funds. Montgomery, 

Alabama. 

American Gas Association (AGA), 1992. "Policy and Issues Analysis: Mobile Bay -- Secure 

Energy 20,000 Feet Beneath the Sea." AGAR Policy and Analysis Group, July . Arlington, 

Virginia . 

Arthur, T. T., E. L. Cook, and J . K. Chow, 1994. "Installation of the Mobile Bay Offshore 

Pipeline Systems ." In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Offshore Technology Conference . 

Houston, Texas. 

Baldwin County Treasurer's Office, 1998 . Telephone contacts with staff to obtain historic data 

and information on offshore gas production revenues . 

Birmingham Post Herald, 1981 . "Storm Brewing Over Fate of Lease Funds", April 3 . 

Centaur, 1986. "Indicators of the Direct Economic Impacts Due to Oil and Gas Development in 

the Gulf of Mexico ." OCS Study MMS 86-0015, January 1986. 

Chevron USA, Inc., 1994a. Personal communication with R. Folse to obtain costs of Norphlet 

pipelines . New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Chevron USA, Inc ., 1996. Personal communication with T. Helm to verify component-bycomponent breakdowns for offshore activities . New Orleans, Louisiana . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 113 
DRI-McGraw Hill, 1993 . "Economic Impacts on Selected States of an Oil/Gas Production Tax 

Credit to Stimulate Deep Water Exploration and Development." 

Dwights/Petroleum Information (PI), 1998. Federal OCS gas production data (electronic format). 

Denver, Colorado. 

Enecon, Inc., 1994. Personal communication with V . C. Knight to obtain costs of Norphlet 

platforms . Houston, Texas. 

Exxon, Inc., 1994a. Personal communication with G. Zirkle to obtain costs of Norphlet 

platforms . April. New Orleans, Louisiana . 

Exxon, Inc., 1994b. Personal communication with T. Arthur to obtain costs of Norphlet 

pipelines . April. New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Foster Associates, 1994. "Social and Economic Impacts of mobile bay and destin Dome Natural 

Gas Exploration and Development." For Chevron U.S .A Gulf of Mexico Business Unit. 

San Francisco, June 1994 (Draft Final Report). 

Foster Associates, 1996. "Economic, Fiscal and Infrastructure Impacts of Coastal Alabama 

Baseline and Destin Dome Natural Gas Exploration and Development: Data Update and 

Model Re-estimation ." For Chevron U.S .A Gulf of Mexico Business Unit. San Francisco . 

Foster Associates, 1998. Unpublished data and calculations used in the development of the 

current study. 

Gallaher, M.J ., T. T. Arthur, D. E. Boening and K. A. Sortland, 1994 . "An Overview of the 

Mobile Bay Project Offshore Facilities and Installation Approach . " In Proceedings of the 

26th Annual Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, Texas . 

Global Pipeline, Inc., 1994. Personal communication with pipeline engineer to obtain costs of 

Norphlet pipelines. Houma, Louisiana. 

HBH, Inc ., 1994. Personal communication with D. Hughes to obtain costs of Norphlet pipelines . 

April . Belle Chasse, Louisiana . 

Kelley, J.Q . and W.W. Wade . 1998 . Social and Economic Consequences of Onshore OCSRelated Activities in Coastal Alabama: Final Baseline Report, Economic Baseline of the 

Coastal Alabama Region. OCS Study MMS 98-0046. U.S . Dept. of the Interior, Minerals 

Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, La. 102pp. 

McDermott Inc., 1994a . Personal communication with S . Bechnel to obtain costs of Norphlet 

platforms. April . Morgan City, Louisiana. 

McDermott, Inc ., 1994b. Personal communication with J . Szuch to obtain costs of Norphlet 

platforms . Morgan City, Louisiana. 

114 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
McDermott, Inc., 1994c. Personal communication with J . Chow and L. Proper to obtain costs of 

Norphlet pipelines. Morgan City, Louisiana. 

Mobile County Commission, 1998. State of Alabama Dept. of Examiners of Public Accounts. 

"Report on the Mobile County Commission." Montgomery, Alabama. 

Offshore Pipeline, Inc. (OPI), 1994 . Personal communication with B. Rose to obtain costs of 

Norphlet pipelines . Houston, Texas . 

Town of Dauphin Island, 1998 . Office of the Town Clerk. Telephone contacts with staff to 

obtain historic data and annual report filings on offshore production tax revenue. 

U. S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 1998 . Gulf of Mexico Region. 

NTL No. 98-02, "Economic Assumptions for RSVP Deepwater Royalty Relief." 

Universal Fabricator, Inc., 1994. Personal communication with B. Decuier to obtain costs of 

Norphlet platforms . New Iberia, Louisiana. 

Wade, W.W., J.R. Plater, and J.Q. Kelley . 1998. History of Coastal Alabama Natural Gas 

Exploration and Development, Final Report. OCS Study MMS 99-0031 . U.S . Dept. of the 

Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, 

Louisiana. 187pp. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 115 

Appendix A 

IMPLAN Multipliers 

Appendix A 

IMPLAN Multipliers 

The following pages show the IMPLAN model multipliers developed in this study for Coastal 

Alabama Norphlet gas. Derivation of the multipliers is described in Sections 3 .1 and 3 .2 . The 

tables that follow display direct and total multipliers for Mobile County, the rest of Alabama, and 

LA/TX. Indirect and induced effects can be calculated as the difference between total and direct 

multipliers. 

Table A-4 shows the relevant population multipliers for all three regions . Only total (sum of 

direct, indirect, and induced) multipliers were calculated. 

Each multiplier shows the economic effect of spending $1 million in a particular activity . 

Employment multiplies show the number of FTE jobs created per $1 million. Personal income 

multipliers show the amount of Total Place of Work (PoW) Income, in millions of dollars, 

generated per $1 million expenditure. Population multipliers show the number of persons 

migrating to or supported in the region per $1 million expenditure. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects A-1 
Table A-1 

Mobile County IMPLAN Multipliers 

Mobile County Direct Employment (FTE Jobs p er 51MM' of Expenditures) 

Offshore Development Agricul- O&G 

Activity lure Extraction Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R.E . Services Govt . Misc. 

Exp/Dev Drilling - N/A' N/A' 2.87 0.33 0.07 - 2.46 - - 

Pipeline Construction - - 3.14 4.00 0.10 0.02 - 0.68 - - 

Platform Fab/Inst . - - 2.50 8.24 0.07 0.05 - 0.72 - 

Onshore Treatment Plant - - 4.02 2.56 0.07 0.05 - 0.72 - - 

Production 08M - 1 .05 1 .87 0.32 0.49 0.50 - 4.27 - - 

Offshore Development 

Activity 

Agricullure 

Mobile County 

08G 

Extraction Const. 

Total Employment (FTE Jobs p 

Manuf. Transp . Trade 

er $1 MM of Expenditures) 

F.I .R .E . Services Govt . Misc . 

Exp/Dev Drilling 0.05 3.76 0.24 3.11 0.89 2.40 0.57 5.25 0.11 0.12 

Pipeline Construction 0.08 0.003 3.34 4.29 0.50 2.71 0.54 3.72 0.10 0.11 

Platform Fab/Inst. 0.06 0.003 2.76 8.52 0.48 2.76 0.63 3.62 0.11 0.14 

Onshore Treatment Plant 0.09 0.00 4.21 2.89 0.47 2 .99 0.58 4.04 0.11 0.11 

Production 08M 0 .04 1 .08 2 .15 0 .49 0 .90 2 .41 0 .65 7 .07 0.11 0 .10 

Local Tax Spending 0.16 0.01 1 .64 0.26 0.45 3.08 0.87 3.84 16.86 0.16 

Offshore Development 

Activity 

Mobile County 

Agricul- 08G 

lure Extraction Const. 

Direct PoW Income ($ 

Manuf. Transp. 

Million per 

Trade 

$11VIM of Expenditures) 

F.I .R .E . Services Govt . Misc. 

Exp/Dev Drilling - N/A' N/A' $0.099 $0.011 $0.001 - $0.069 - - 

Pipeline Construction - - $0.188 $0.129 $0.003 $2 .5e-4 - $0.028 - - 

Platform Fab/Inst . - - $0.150 $0.315 $0.002 $0.001 - $0.027 - - 

Onshore Treatment Plant - - $0.241 $0.104 $0.002 $0.001 - $0.027 - - 

Production O&M - $ 0.063 $ 0.111 $ 0.014 $ 0.017 $ 0.006 - $ 0.132 - - 

Local Tax Spending $0.002 $3 .Se-5 $0.041 $0.004 $0.007 $0.006 $0.008 $0.023 $0.527 - 

Mobile County Total PoW Income (E Million per E1MM of Expenditures) 

Offshore Development Agricul- 08G 

Activity lure Extraction Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt . Misc . 

Exp/Dev Drilling $0.001 $0.225 $0.007 $0.109 $0.031 $0.046 $0.014 $0.141 $0.004 $0.001 

Pipeline Construction $ 0 .001 $1 .5e-4 $ 0 .194 $ 0 .139 $ 0 .017 $ 0 .053 $0.014 $ 0 .110 $ 0 .004 $0.001 

Platform Fab/Inst . $0.001 $1 .9e-4 $0.159 $0.325 $0.017 $0.053 $0.015 $0.102 $0.004 $0.001 

Onshore Treatment Plant $0.001 $1 .Se-4 $0.247 $0.115 $0.017 $0.057 $0.015 $0.119 $0.004 $0.001 

Production O&M $0.001 $0.065 $0.121 $0.021 $0.032 $0.041 $0.014 $0.204 $0 .005 $0.001 

Local Tax Spending $0.003 $4 .8e-4 $0.048 $0.010 $0.018 $0.055 $0.023 $0.096 $0.532 $0.001 

'All multipliers are based on spending of 1998 dollars . 

Z The IMPLAN model incorrectly places most direct employment and income into the Construction sector. M adjustment is made for 

total employment and income . Note : For very small values, scientific notation is used . For example, "4 .8e-4" is equivalent to 4.8 X 10"x. 

A-2 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table A-2 

State of Alabama IMPLAN Multipliers 

Alabama Direct Employment (FTE Jobs per $1 MM' of of Expendituress) 

Offshore Development Agricul- 08G 

Activity lure Extraction Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc . State Government 

Spending 0.08 0.001 0.38 0.17 0.13 0.39 0.19 1 .13 18 .70 - 

Alabama Total Employment (FTE Jobs ner $1 MM of of Expendituress) 

Agricul- O&G Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt . Misc . lure Extraction 

State Government 

Spending 0.25 0.02 0.63 0.49 0.39 3.20 0.76 3.79 18 .82 0.17 

Alabama Direct PoW Income ($ Million per $1 MM of Expenditures) 

Agricul- 08G Const. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt . Misc. lure Extraction 

State Government 

Spending $ 0.001 $3 .6e-5 $ 0.011 $ 0.006 $ 0.006 $ 0.008 $ 0.005 $ 0.026 $ 0.564 - 

Alabama Total PoW Income ($ Million per $I MM of Expenditures) 

Agricul- O&G Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc . lure Extraction 

State Government 

Spending $0.004 $0.001 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.06 $0.02 $0.10 $0.57 $0.001 

'Ail multipliers are based on spending of 1998 dollars . 

Note : For very small values, scientific notation is used . For example, "4 .8e-4" is equivalent to 4.8 X 10-4 . 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects A-3 
Table A-3 

LAITX IMPLAN Multipliers 

LA/TX Direct Emolovment (FTE Jobs per E1MM' of of Expendituressl 

Offshore Development Agricul- O&G 

Activity lure Extraction Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt . Misc . 

Exp/Dev Drilling - N/A' N/A' 1 .41 0.31 0.07 - 2.23 - - 

Pipeline Construction - - 5.93 1 .69 0.09 0.02 - 0.69 - - 

Platform Fab/Inst. - - 4.80 7.77 0.07 0.05 - 0.69 - - 

Onshore Treatment Plant - - 7.64 2.19 0.07 0.05 - 0.69 - - 

Production 08M - 1 .40 3.19 0.29 0.45 0.49 - 3.78 - 

LA/TX Total Employment (FTE Jobs ner E1 MM of of Exn enditures sl 

Agricultur O&G Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. 

e Extraction 

Exp/Dev Drilling 0.17 6.50 0.28 1 .91 1 .05 3.23 0.76 6.34 0.15 0.15 

Pipeline Construction 0.18 0.03 6.15 2.28 0.70 3.43 0.71 5.10 0.14 0.13 

Platform Fab/Inst . 0.19 0.03 5.13 8.50 0.64 3.71 0.83 5.08 0.16 0.17 

Onshore Treatment Plant 0.22 0.03 7.88 3.00 0.63 3.92 0.81 5.79 0.16 0.15 

Production 08M 0.16 1 .59 3.56 0.69 1 .00 3.20 0.81 8.09 0.15 0.14 

LA/TX Direct PoW Income ($ Million per $I MM of Expenditures) 

Offshore Development Agricul- 08G 

Activity lure Extraction Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R.E . Services Govt . Misc . 

Exp/Dev Drilling - N/Az N/Az $0.089 $0.013 $0.001 - $0.072 - - 

Pipeline Construction - - $0.197 $0.095 $0.003 $2 .5e-4 - $0.027 - - 

Platform Fab/Inst . - - $0.149 $0.332 $0.003 $0.001 - $0.027 - 

Onshore Treatment Plant - - $0.237 $0.089 $0.013 $0.001 - $0.072 - - 

Production O&M - $0.074 $0.118 $0.018 $0.019 $0.006 - $0.134 - - 

LA ITX Total PoW Inco me (E Million per $1 MM of Exo endituresl 

Offshore Development Agricul- 0&G 

Activity lure Extraction Const. Manuf. Transp . Trade F.I .R .E. Services Govt . Misc. 

Exp/Dev Drilling $0.002 $0.242 $0.009 $0.112 $0.046 $0.070 $0.021 $0.188 $0.006 $0.001 

Pipeline Construction $ 0 .002 $0.001 $ 0 .204 $ 0 .119 $0.030 $ 0 .077 $0.020 $0.155 $0.006 $0.001 

Platform Fab/Inst . $0.002 $0.002 $0.159 $0.363 $0.029 $0.081 $0.024 $0.149 $0.007 $0.001 

Onshore Treatment Plant $0.002 $0.004 $0.246 $0.112 $0.046 $0.070 $0.021 $0.188 $0.006 $0.001 

Production 08M $0.002 $0.084 $0.130 $0.035 $0.045 $0.061 $0.021 $0.256 $0.006 $0.001 

'All multipliers are based on spending of 1998 dollars . 

"The IMPLAN model incorrectly places most direct employment and income into we Construction sector. An adjustment is made for 

total employment and income . 

Note : For very small values, scientific notation is used . For example, "4 .8e-4" is equivalent to 4.8 X 10-4 . 

A-4 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Table A-4 

Population Multipliers 

(Persons Per $11 MM of Expenditures) 

Offshore Development Mobile Alabama LA / TX Activity County 

Exp/Dev Drilling 35 .3 N/A 39 .7 

Pipeline Construction 33.0 N/A 36 .5 

Platform Fab/Inst. 40 .8 N/A 47 .3 

Onshore Treatment Plant 33 .2 N/A 43 .7 

Production 08M 32 .1 N/A 37 .5 

Government Spending 58 .5 56 .7 N/A 

'All multipliers are based on spending of 1998 dollars. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects A-5 

Appendix B 

IMPLAN Model Results 

Appendix B 

IMPLAN Model Results 

Derivation of Regional Economic Impact Results 

This Appendix presents numerical tables of the modeling results, which are presented primarily 

as charts in the body of the report . The tables showing economic effects from Coastal Alabama 

development and production that follow are linear combinations of the offshore operator and 

government spending streams documented in sections 3 .3 and 3 .4, respectively, and the 

IMPLAN multipliers shown in Appendix A. 

Each table is the result of a matrix multiplication operations vector of expenditures (by year) 

is multiplied by a vector of IMPLAN multipliers (by economic sector) to yield a matrix of 

economic impacts by year and economic sector' . A diagram of the operation is shown on Figure 

B-1 . The economic effects for each offshore development activity are then summed to determine 

the total economic effect from offshore development in the region, as shown on Figure B-2 . This 

can be shown either by economic sector or by expenditure category. In the tables that follow, 

only these aggregate tables are presented. Figures found in the body of this study further 

aggregate the ten 1-digit SIC code sectors into six "industry groups." The industry groupings are 

shown in table below. The following pages provide a table of contents of detail tables provided 

in this appendix for economic effects on Mobile County, the rest of Alabama, and LA/TX, 

respectively . 

Grouping of IMPLAN Economic Sectors to 

Industry Groups 

Economic Sector Industry Group 

O&G Extractionr 

b O&G Extraction 

Drillings 

Construction b Construction 

Manufacturing b Manufacturing 

Trade ~ Trade 

Government ~ Government 

Services 

Agriculture 

Transp . ~ Svcs., Ag., TPU, FIRE 

F.I .R .E . 

Misc . 

t Drilling and O&G Extraction are both subsectors of the 1-digit SIC code 

for mining activities . 

' Matrix multiplication technique is covered in all introductory linear algebra textbooks. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects B-1 
Expenditures by Year 

for Activity 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

[39 X 1 

Multiplier (e.g ., Employment) per 

$1 Million Spending by Economic Sector 

X Agriculture O&G Extraction . . . Services Govt. Misc. 

[1 X 10] 

Matrix of Economic Effects by 

Year and Economic Sector 

Agriculture O&G Extraction . . . Services Govt. Misc. 

1982 # # # # # 

1983 # # # # # 

1984 # # # # # 

1985 # # # # # 

1986 # # # # # 

1987 # # # # # 

1988 # # # # # 

1989 # # # # # 

1990 # # # # # 

1991 # # # # # 

2016 # # # # # 

2017 # # # # # 

2018 # # # # # 

2019 # # # # # 

2020 # # # # # 

[39 X 10] 

Figure B-1. Example of Matrix Multiplication Procedure to Calculate Economic Impacts 

B-2 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
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Listing of Appendix Tables: 

Mobile County Economic Impacts 

Economic Impact Employment Population 

Breakdown By Expenditure By Industry By Economic Total 

Category Group Sector 

Offshore Activity All Activities ~ All Activities ~ All Activities I All Activities 

AL State B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 

Mobile OCS B-5 B-6 B-7 B-8 

Total Coastal Alabama B-9 B-10 B-11 B-12 

Destin Dome OCS B-13 B-14 B-15 B-16 

Economic Impact Personal Income 

Breakdown BY Expenditure By Industry By Economic 

Category Group Sector 

Offshore Activity All Activities ~ All Activities ~ All Activities 

AL State B-17 B-18 B-19 

Mobile OCS B-20 B-21 B-22 

Total Coastal Alabama B-23 B-24 B-25 

Destin Dome OCS B-26 B-27 B-28 

B-4 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
Listing of Appendix Tables: 

State of Alabama l Economic Impacts 

Economic Impact Employment Population 

By Economic 

Breakdown By Industry Group Total Sector 

0 fshore Activity 

s 

0 ff 

ax Spending ax Spending ax Spending 

AL State 

L 

B-29 B-30 B-31 

Mobile OCS B-32 B-33 B-34 

TT otal Coastal Alabama 

ot 

st B-35 B-36 B-37 

Destin Dome OCS N/A N/A N/A 

Economic Impact Personal Income 

Breakdown By Industry Group By Economic 

Sector 

Offshore Activity I Tax Spending ~ Tax Spending 

AL State B-38 B-39 

Mobile OCS B-40 B-41 

Total Coastal Alabama B-42 B-43 

Destin Dome OCS N/A N/A 

Effects outside Mobile County. 

Coastal Alabama Economic Effects B-5 
Listing of Appendix Tables: 

Louisiana / Texas Economic Impacts 

Economic Impact 

Breakdown 

Offshore Activity 

AL State 

Mobile OCS 

Total Coastal Alabama 

Destin Dome OCS 

Employment Population 

By Expenditure By Industry By Economic Total 

Category Group Sector 

All Activities All Activities All Activities All Activities 

B-44 B-45 B-46 B-47 

B-48 B-49 B-50 B-51 

B-52 B-53 B-54 B-55 

B-56 B-57 B-58 B-59 

Economic Impact 

Breakdown 

Offshore Activity 

AL State 

Mobile OCS 

Total Coastal Alabama 

Destin Dome OCS 

Personal Income 

By Expenditure By Industry By Economic 

Category Group Sector 

All Activities All Activities All Activities 

B-60 B-61 B-62 

B-63 B-64 B-65 

B-66 B-67 B-68 

B-69 B-70 B-71 

B-6 Coastal Alabama Economic Effects 
0 Table B-1 

Q Mobile County Employment 

by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production -- 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M Local Taxes TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

O 1982 118.4 - - - - - 118.4 

p 1983 1322 - - - - - 132.2 

1984 265.1 - - - - - 265.1 

1985 324.5 7.9 - - - - 332.4 

1986 171.6 482 - 95 .1 - - 314.9 

1987 99.4 - 134.3 560.2 - - 794.0 

1988 99.5 - 131 .3 45 .6 52 .4 0.9 329.6 

1989 24.0 35 .8 - 221 .0 69 .4 3.3 353.5 

1990 140.9 77 .4 122.1 466.7 102.4 2.0 911 .6 

1991 3473 138.5 157.2 452.7 163.6 4.0 1,263.3 

1992 156.1 106.4 2273 484.7 551 .1 9.0 1,534.6 

1993 150.7 56.3 224.8 833.4 632.0 22 .9 1,920.2 

1994 40.3 - 32 .2 - 1,081 .5 73 .5 1,227.5 

1995 90.9 93 51 .7 - 987.6 46 .6 1,186.1 

1996 41 .3 10.7 28 .4 - 959.7 70 .0 1,110.1 

1997 163.7 18 .4 - 37 .7 986.9 78 .8 1,285.4 

1998 46.0 - 14 .3 - 1,113.7 113.8 1,287.8 

1999 156.7 - 28 .6 38 .0 1,162.9 122.9 1,509.0 

2000 28.8 - 14 .3 - 1,228.6 131 .3 1,403.0 

2001 61 .8 - 14 .3 - 1,208.7 135.5 1,420.3 

2002 - - - - 1,175.0 137.6 1,312.6 

2003 61 .8 - 14 .3 - 1,1462 143.6 1,365.9 

2004 - - - - 1,102.7 145.7 1,248.3 

2005 - - - - 1,034.7 142.4 1,177.1 

2006 - - - - 956.6 138.7 1,095.3 

2007 - - - - 852.3 133.4 985.7 

2008 - - - - 811 .3 131 .6 942.9 

2009 - - - - 653.5 103.1 756.6 

2010 - - - - 568.1 90 .8 658.9 

2011 - - - - 537.3 90 .7 628.0 

2012 - - - - 503.9 88 .4 592.3 

2013 - - - - 470.0 85 .8 555.9 

2014 - - - - 439.8 83 .6 523.4 

2015 - - - - 411 .5 81 .5 493.0 

2016 - - - - 301 .1 74 .6 375.7 

2017 - - - - 282.6 72 .9 355.5 

2018 - - - - 266.0 71 .3 337.4 

2019 - - - - 250.4 69 .9 3203 

2020 - - - - 2364 68 .6 305.0 
Oo 

n O 

A 

o+ 

A 

n O 

O 

n 

Table B-2 

Mobile County Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

-- Alabama State Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Ag., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU, FIRE 

1982 22 .3 27 .0 1 .7 49 .3 0.8 17 .2 118.4 

1983 24 .9 30 .2 1 .9 55 .0 0.9 19 .2 132.2 

1984 50 .0 60 .5 3.8 110.4 1 .8 38 .6 265.1 

1985 63 .4 74 .1 6.4 137.7 22 48 .6 332.4 

1986 63 .5 392 38 .8 119.4 2.1 51 .8 314.9 

1987 183 .3 22 .8 1732 267.5 5.3 141 .9 794.0 

1988 87 .7 26 .5 40.4 121 .6 2.7 50.8 329.6 

1989 58 .0 10 .5 783 138.2 4.5 63 .9 353.5 

1990 193.1 39 .7 1782 334.7 7.4 158.4 911 .6 

1991 264.1 912 204.6 480.7 11 .0 211.7 1,263.3 

1992 269.1 75 .5 269.6 647.1 16 .1 2572 1,534.6 

1993 320.7 80 .2 365.5 797.4 27 .3 329.0 1,920.2 

1994 57 .7 872 164.7 671 .7 53 .9 192.3 1,227.5 

1995 75 .3 92 .0 1552 640.5 37 .1 186.0 1,186.1 

1996 55 .3 78 .7 148 .8 602.7 50 .8 173.9 1,110.1 

1997 75 .8 108.6 162.8 679.3 57 .4 201.5 1,285.4 

1998 52 .3 90 .9 1692 696.3 78 .9 200.3 1,287.8 

1999 88 .3 119.7 190.8 789.6 86 .0 234.7 1,509.0 

2000 52 .9 952 186.5 759.7 90 .4 218.2 1,403.0 

2001 58 .5 101 .3 184.4 762.7 93 .1 220.3 1,420.3 

2002 39 .4 84 .8 176.7 714.0 93 .6 204.0 1,312.6 

2003 56 .6 96 .8 175.9 727.8 97 .6 211.1 1,365.9 

2004 37 .1 79 .6 166.8 673.4 98 .1 1933 1,2483 

2005 34 .9 74 .7 156.9 633.0 95 .6 182.1 1,177.1 

2006 32 .3 69 .0 145.5 586.6 92 .7 169.1 1,0953 

2007 28 .9 61 .5 1302 524.7 88 .7 151.8 985.7 

2008 27 .6 58 .6 1242 500.3 87 .2 145.0 942.9 

2009 222 47 .2 99 .9 402.5 68 .4 116.5 756.6 

2010 193 41 .0 86 .9 350.1 60 .3 101.4 658.9 

2011 18 .3 38 .8 82 .5 332.1 59 .9 96.4 628.0 

2012 172 36 .4 77 .5 312.1 58 .3 90 .8 592.3 

2013 16 .1 33 .9 72 .5 291 .8 56 .4 85 .1 555.9 

2014 15 .1 31 .7 68 .1 273.7 54 .8 80 .0 523.4 

2015 14 .1 29 .7 63 .9 256.8 53 .3 75 .2 493.0 

2016 10 .5 21 .7 47 .6 190.8 48 .3 56 .7 375.7 

2017 9.9 20 .4 44 .9 179.7 47 .1 53 .6 355.5 

2018 9.3 19 .2 42 .4 169.7 46 .0 50 .7 337.4 

2019 8.8 18 .1 40 .1 160.3 45 .0 48 .1 320.3 

2020 8.3 17 .1 38 .0 151 .9 44 .1 45 .7 305.0 
Table B-3 

Mobile County Employment 

by Economic Sector 

' Resultin g from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production - 

OK 

Agriculture 08G Const. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

A Extraction 

1 982 0.3 - 1 .7 22 .3 6.4 17 .2 4.1 37 .7 0.8 0.8 27 .0 118.4 

O 1983 0.4 - 1 .9 24 .9 7.1 19 .2 4.6 42 .0 0.9 0.9 30 .2 132.2 

1984 0.8 - 3.8 50 .0 14 .3 38 .6 9.1 84 .3 1 .8 1 .9 60 .5 265.1 

1985 1 .0 0.0 6.4 63 .4 17 .8 48 .6 11 .5 105.1 22 2.3 74 .1 332.4 

1986 1 .3 0.0 38 .8 63 .5 13 .7 51 .8 11 .1 91 .0 2.1 22 39 .2 314.9 

1987 3.9 0.1 1732 183.3 25 .8 141 .9 28 .7 2032 5.3 5.8 22 .7 794.0 

n 

1988 1 .1 3.8 40 .4 87 .7 13 .2 50 .8 11 .7 93 .3 2.7 2.3 22 .7 329.6 

1989 1 .7 5.0 78 .3 58 .0 13 .4 63 .9 13 .4 107.1 4.5 2.5 5.5 353.5 

1990 4.2 7.5 178.2 193.1 33 .6 158.4 33 .4 257.0 7.4 6.6 32 .2 911.6 

1991 5.3 11 .9 204.6 264.1 50 .9 211 .7 46 .0 369.5 11 .0 9.0 79 .3 1,263.3 

1992 6.1 39 .9 269.6 269.1 65 .6 257.2 58 .8 505.8 16 .1 10 .8 35 .6 1,534.6 

1993 8.1 45 .8 365.5 320.7 79 .4 329.0 73 .7 622.6 273 13 .6 34 .4 1,920.2 

1994 3.7 78 .0 164.7 57 .7 69 .1 192.3 51 .8 538.8 53 .9 8.2 92 1,227.5 

1995 3.6 71 .3 155.2 75 .3 66 .6 186.0 49 .6 512.8 37 .1 8.0 20 .8 1,186.1 

1996 3.4 69 .3 148.8 553 62 .1 173.9 46 .7 483.1 50 .8 7.4 9.4 1,110.1 

1997 4.1 712 162.8 75 .8 71 .1 201 .5 53 .1 542.4 57 .4 8.6 37 .4 1,285.4 

1998 4.0 80 .4 1692 523 71 .6 200.3 54 .1 558.0 78 .9 8.6 10 .5 1,287.8 

1999 4.8 83 .9 190.8 883 82 .2 234.7 62 .2 630.3 86 .0 10 .1 35 .8 1,509.0 

2000 4.4 88 .7 186.5 52 .9 77 .8 218.2 59 .1 609.1 90.4 9.3 6.6 1,403.0 

2001 4.5 872 184.4 58 .5 78 .5 220.3 59 .5 610.8 93 .1 9.4 14 .1 1,420.3 

2002 42 84 .8 176.7 39 .4 72 .8 204.0 55 .5 572.9 93 .6 8.7 - 1,312.6 

2003 4.3 82 .7 175.9 56 .6 74 .9 211 .1 57 .0 582.6 97 .6 9.1 14 .1 1,365.9 

2004 4.0 79 .6 166.8 37 .1 68 .6 193.3 52 .6 540.0 98 .1 82 - 1,248.3 

2005 3.8 74 .7 156.9 34 .9 64 .5 182.1 49 .5 507.5 95 .6 7.8 - 1,177.1 

2006 3.5 69 .0 145.5 32 .3 59 .7 169.1 46 .0 4702 92 .7 72 - 1,095.3 

2007 32 61 .5 1302 28 .9 53 .4 151 .8 41 .3 4203 88 .7 6.5 - 985.7 

2008 3.1 58 .6 1242 27 .6 50 .9 145.0 39 .5 400.7 872 6.2 - 942.9 

2009 2.5 47 .2 99 .9 222 40 .9 116.5 31 .7 322 .4 68 .4 5.0 - 756.6 

2010 22 41 .0 86 .9 19 .3 35 .6 101 .4 27 .6 280.4 60.3 43 - 658.9 

2011 2.1 38 .8 82 .5 18 .3 33 .7 96 .4 26 .3 265 .9 59.9 4.1 - 628.0 

2012 2.0 36 .4 77 .5 172 31 .7 90 .8 24 .7 249.8 58 .3 3.9 - 592.3 

2013 1 .8 33 .9 72 .5 16 .1 29 .6 85 .1 232 233 .5 56.4 3.7 - 555.9 

2014 1 .7 31 .7 68 .1 15 .1 27 .8 80 .0 21 .8 218.9 54.8 3.4 - 523.4 

2015 1 .7 29 .7 63 .9 14 .1 26 .0 752 20.5 205 .3 53 .3 3.2 - 493.0 

2016 1 .3 21 .7 47 .6 10 .5 19 .3 56 .7 15 .5 152.3 48.3 2.5 - 375.7 

2017 12 20 .4 44 .9 9.9 182 53 .6 14 .6 143 .4 47.1 2.3 - 355.5 

2018 1 .2 19 .2 42 .4 9.3 17 .1 50 .7 13 .8 135 .4 46 .0 22 - 337.4 

6 2019 1 1 18 1 40 .1 8.8 16 .2 48 .1 13 .1 127.8 45 .0 2.1 - 320.3 

1 

2020 

. 

1 .1 

. 

17 .1 38 .0 83 15 .3 45 .7 12 .5 121 .0 441 10 - 305.0 
O 

Table B-4 

Mobile County Population 

Resulting from All Activities 

-- Alabama State Production -- 

TOTAL 

n 0 

on O 

O 

n 

1982 253 .7 

1983 283 .1 

1984 567.8 

1985 712.0 

1986 674.5 

1987 1,700.8 

1988 706.1 

1989 757.2 

1990 1,952.8 

1991 2,7063 

1992 3,287.4 

1993 4,113 .3 

1994 2,629.5 

1995 2,540.9 

1996 2,378.1 

1997 2,753 .6 

1998 2,758.7 

1999 3,232.6 

2000 3,005 .4 

2001 3,042.4 

2002 2,811 .8 

2003 2,926.1 

2004 2,6742 

zoos 2,521 .6 

2006 2,346.3 

2007 2,111 .6 

2008 2,019.8 

2009 1,620.8 

2010 1,411 .4 

2011 1,345 .3 

2012 1,268 .7 

2013 1,190.7 

2014 1,121 .1 

2015 1,056.1 

2016 804.8 

2017 761 .5 

2018 722 .7 

2019 6862 

2020 653.4 
n O 

A 

n7 

O 

O 

co 

n 

Table B-5 

Mobile County Employment 

by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production -- 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M Local Taxes TOTAL 

Drillin g Gas 

Treatment 

1982 56 .1 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 56 .1 

1983 89 .6 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 89 .6 

1984 314 .5 0 .0 22 .4 0.0 0.0 0 .0 336.9 

1985 452 .2 0 .0 21 .9 0.0 0.0 0 .0 474.2 

1986 185 .0 0 .0 0 .0 40.7 0.0 0 .0 225.7 

1987 320.9 0 .0 35 .2 240.1 0.0 0 .0 596 .2 

1988 200.4 0 .0 25 .8 19.6 0.0 0 .0 245.7 

1989 147 .1 0 .0 20 .0 94 .7 0.0 0 .0 261 .8 

1990 1963 413 119 .9 200.0 0.0 0 .0 557 .4 

1991 217 .7 25 .0 170 .5 194 .0 16 .7 0 .0 624.0 

1992 109 .6 9 .8 164 .9 207 .7 420.5 0 .0 912.5 

1993 125 .0 29 .8 285.2 357 .2 416.9 0 .0 1214 .0 

1994 417 .2 10 .2 301.6 0.0 561 .3 0 .0 12903 

1995 51 .5 20 .9 123 .5 0 .0 655.4 0 .0 8513 

1996 201 .3 23 .7 42 .6 0.0 658.4 0 .0 925.9 

1997 89.4 803 0 .0 16.2 833 .1 0 .0 1018 .9 

1998 158 .1 50 .8 0 .0 0.0 868 .3 0 .0 1077 .1 

1999 1033 11 .5 28 .6 16.3 993.6 0 .0 1153 .3 

2000 111 .2 46 .2 42 .9 0A 1092 .0 0A 12923 

2001 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 1099 .1 0 .0 1099 .1 

2002 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 1058 .4 0 .0 1058 .4 

2003 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 991 .6 0 .0 991 .6 

2004 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 925.1 0 .0 925.1 

2005 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 858 .5 0 .0 858 .5 

2006 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 799 .3 0 .0 7993 

2007 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 744 .4 0 .0 744 .4 

2008 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 688 .9 0 .0 688 .9 

2009 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 6232 0 .0 623 .2 

2010 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 502 .8 0 .0 502 .8 

2011 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 453.3 0 .0 4533 

2012 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 375.6 0 .0 375 .6 

2013 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 344.7 0 .0 344 .7 

2014 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 312.4 0 .0 312 .4 

2015 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 209.3 0 .0 209 .3 

2016 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 195 .5 0 .0 195 .5 

2017 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 175 .8 0 .0 175 .8 

2018 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 102 .2 0 .0 102 .2 

2019 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94 .6 0.0 94 .6 

2020 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87 .9 0.0 87 .9 
N 

n 0 

Q 

Q 

oV 

Q 

n O 

0 

n 

Table B-6 

Mobile County Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production -- 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs. . Ag ., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 10 .6 12 .8 0.8 23 .4 0 .4 8 .2 56 .1 

1983 16 .9 20.5 13 373 0 .6 13 .0 89 .6 

1984 69 .3 71 .8 7.8 136.7 2 .2 49.0 336.9 

1985 95 .1 1033 9.7 194.0 3 .2 69 .0 474.2 

1986 42 .5 42.2 13 .8 91 .0 1 .5 34.8 225.7 

1987 121 .0 73 .3 75.0 224.8 4 .0 98.1 596 .2 

1988 52 .9 45 .8 12 .0 96.8 1 .6 36 .7 245.7 

1989 543 33 .6 30.8 98.8 1 .8 42.6 261 .8 

1990 139 .4 44.9 83.5 194.2 3 .7 91 .7 557 .4 

1991 161 .0 51 .0 88.4 218.7 4 .1 100 .8 624 .0 

1992 149 .5 55 .4 144 .3 407.9 63 149 .0 912.5 

1993 239 .5 58.7 206.4 500.7 8 .2 200.4 1214 .0 

1994 234 .5 135 .8 132 .4 582.7 8 .8 196 .2 1290 .3 

1995 92 .0 59.1 117 .1 442.9 6 .1 134 .2 8513 

1996 84 .9 93 .5 108 .6 487.0 6 .7 145 .2 925 .9 

1997 693 80.5 142 .5 555 .2 7 .5 163 .9 1018 .9 

1998 72 .1 98.7 137 .8 589.4 7 .9 171 .3 1077 .1 

1999 70 .7 95.3 155 .0 640.1 8 .5 183 .7 1153 .3 

2000 88 .4 104 .2 174 .4 710.2 9 .4 205.7 1292 .3 

2001 35 .6 793 157 .5 642.2 82 176 .3 1099 .1 

2002 343 76.4 151 .7 618.4 7 .9 169 .8 1058 .4 

2003 32 .1 71 .5 142 .1 579.3 7 .4 159 .1 991 .6 

2004 30 .0 66.7 132 .6 540 .5 6 .9 148 .4 925 .1 

2005 27 .8 61 .9 123 .1 501 .6 6 .4 137 .7 858 .5 

2006 25 .9 57 .7 114 .6 467.0 6 .0 128 .2 7993 

2007 24 .1 53 .7 106 .7 434.9 5 .5 119 .4 744 .4 

2008 22 .3 49.7 98.7 402.5 5 .1 110 .5 688 .9 

2009 202 45.0 89 .3 364.1 4 .6 100 .0 623 .2 

2010 16 .3 36.3 72 .1 293.8 3 .7 80 .7 502 .8 

2011 14 .7 32.7 65 .0 264.8 3 .4 72 .7 4533 

2012 122 27.1 53 .8 219.5 2 .8 60 .3 375 .6 

2013 11 .2 24.9 49.4 201 .4 2 .6 55 .3 344 .7 

2014 10 .1 22 .5 44 .8 182.5 2.3 50 .1 312.4 

2015 6 .8 15 .1 30.0 122 .3 1 .6 33 .6 2093 

2016 63 14 .1 28.0 114 .2 1 .5 31 .4 195 .5 

2017 5 .7 12 .7 252 102 .7 1 .3 28 .2 175 .8 

2018 3.3 7.4 14 .6 59 .7 0.8 16 .4 102.2 

2019 3.1 6.8 13 .6 55 .3 0.7 152 94 .6 

2020 2.8 6.3 12 .6 513 0J 14 .1 87 .9 
n O 

a 

oV 

Q 

n7 

O 

O 

n 

w 

Table B-7 

Mobile County Employment 

by Economic Sector 

Resultin g from All Activities 

-- Mobile OCS Production -- 

OK 

Agriculture 08G Const. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 0 .2 0.0 0.8 10 .6 3 .0 8 .2 1 .9 17 .9 0.4 0.4 12 .8 56 .1 

1983 03 0.0 1 .3 16 .9 4.8 13 .0 3 .1 28.5 0.6 0.6 20.5 89 .6 

1984 1 .0 0.0 7.8 693 17 .5 49.0 11 .6 104 .3 2.2 2.4 71 .8 336.9 

1985 1 .4 0.0 9.7 95.1 24.9 69.0 16.3 148 .0 3 .2 3 .3 103 .3 474.2 

1986 0 .8 0.0 13 .8 42.5 11 .2 34.8 7.9 69.5 1 .5 1 .6 42.2 225.7 

1987 2 .4 0.0 75 .0 121 .0 25.5 98.1 21 .1 171 .4 4.0 4.3 73 .3 596 .2 

1988 0 .8 0.0 12 .0 52 .9 12 .1 36.7 8.5 73 .7 1 .6 1 .7 45.8 245.7 

1989 1 .0 0.0 30.8 54 .3 113 42.6 9.2 75 .3 1 .8 1 .9 33.6 261 .8 

1990 2.3 0.1 83 .5 139 .4 21 .0 91 .7 19.6 1473 3 .7 4.0 44.8 557 .4 

1991 2 .4 13 88 .4 161 .0 23.8 100 .8 219 166 .1 4.1 4.5 49.7 624.0 

1992 33 30.4 1443 149 .5 41 .9 149 .0 35 .5 320.8 63 6.4 25.0 912.5 

1993 4.6 30.2 206.4 239.5 50 .8 200.4 46.1 390.6 8.2 8.6 28.6 1214 .0 

1994 3 .8 40.5 132 .4 234.5 64.1 196 .2 49.1 456.9 8.8 8.9 953 12903 

1995 2.5 473 117 .1 92.0 45.9 134 .2 35 .1 353 .6 6.1 5 .8 11 .8 851 .3 

1996 2.7 47.5 108 .6 84 .9 52 .2 1452 37.8 388.0 6.7 63 46.0 925.9 

1997 3 .1 60 .1 142 .5 693 57.9 163 .9 42.7 444.6 7.5 6.9 20.4 1018 .9 

1998 3 .2 62 .6 137 .8 72 .1 623 1713 45 .0 471 .6 7.9 7.3 36.1 1077 .1 

1999 3 .4 71 .7 155 .0 70.7 66.8 183 .7 48.7 513 .4 8.5 7 .8 23.6 11533 

2000 3 .8 78 .8 174 .4 88 .4 74.1 205.7 54.4 569 .2 9.4 8.7 25.4 12923 

2001 3 .1 79 .3 157 .5 35.6 66.0 1763 47.8 517 .8 82 7.4 0 .0 1099 .1 

2002 3 .0 76 .4 151 .7 343 63.5 169 .8 46.0 498.7 7.9 7 .1 0 .0 1058 .4 

2003 2 .8 71 .5 142 .1 32.1 59 .5 159 .1 43 .1 467.2 7.4 6.7 0 .0 991 .6 

2004 2 .6 66 .7 132 .6 30.0 55 .5 148 .4 402 435 .8 6.9 6.2 0 .0 925.1 

2005 2 .4 61 .9 123 .1 27.8 51 .5 137 .7 373 404.5 6.4 5 .8 0 .0 858 .5 

2006 23 57 .7 114 .6 25.9 48.0 1282 34.8 376.6 6.0 5 .4 0 .0 799 .3 

2007 2 .1 53 .7 106 .7 24.1 44.7 119 .4 32.4 350.7 5 .5 5 .0 0 .0 744 .4 

2008 2 .0 49.7 98.7 223 41 .4 110 .5 30.0 324.6 5 .1 4.6 0 .0 688.9 

2009 1 .8 45.0 89 .3 20.2 37.4 100 .0 27.1 293 .6 4.6 4.2 0 .0 623.2 

2010 1 .4 363 72 .1 163 30.2 80 .7 21 .9 236.9 3 .7 3 .4 0 .0 502 .8 

2011 1 .3 32 .7 65 .0 14 .7 27.2 72 .7 19 .7 213 .6 3 .4 3 .0 0 .0 4533 

2012 1 .1 27 .1 53 .8 122 22.6 603 16 .3 177 .0 2.8 2.5 0 .0 375.6 

2013 1 .0 24 .9 49.4 112 20.7 55 .3 15 .0 162 .4 2.6 2.3 0 .0 344.7 

2014 0 .9 22 .5 44.8 10 .1 18 .8 50 .1 13 .6 147 .2 2.3 2.1 0 .0 312.4 

2015 0 .6 15 .1 30.0 6 .8 12 .6 33.6 9.1 98.6 1 .6 1 .4 0 .0 2093 

2016 0 .6 14 .1 28.0 63 11 .7 31 .4 8.5 92.1 1 .5 1 .3 0 .0 195 .5 

2017 0.5 12 .7 25 .2 5.7 10 .6 28 .2 7.6 82 .8 13 1 .2 0.0 175.8 

2018 0 .3 7 .4 14 .6 3 .3 6 .1 16 .4 4.4 48.1 0.8 0.7 0 .0 102 .2 

2019 0.3 6.8 13 .6 3.1 5.7 152 4.1 44 .6 0J 0.6 0.0 94 .6 

2020 0 .3 6 .3 12 .6 2 .8 5 .3 14 .1 3 .8 41 .4 0.7 0.6 0 .0 87 .9 
Table B-8 

Mobile County Population 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production -- 

TOTAL 

n 0 

Q 

A 

a 

n 

O 

O 

n 

1982 120.2 

1983 191 .9 

1984 721 .7 

1985 1015 .7 

1986 483 .6 

1987 1277 .2 

1988 526.4 

1989 560.8 

1990 1194 .1 

1991 1336 .7 

1992 1954 .8 

1993 2600.7 

1994 2764 .1 

1995 1823 .6 

1996 1983 .5 

1997 2182 .8 

1998 2307 .4 

1999 2470.6 

2000 2768 .3 

2001 2354 .6 

2002 2267 .3 

2003 2124 .1 

2004 1981 .7 

2005 1839.1 

2006 1712 .2 

2007 1594 .7 

2008 1475 .8 

2009 1335 .0 

2010 1077 .1 

2011 971.1 

2012 804 .7 

2013 738 .4 

2014 669.3 

2015 448 .3 

2016 418 .9 

2017 376.6 

2018 218 .9 

2019 202 .7 

2020 188.2 
Table B-9 

Mobile County Employment 

A by Expenditure Category 

j Resulting from All Activities 

-- Total Coastal Alabama Productio n - 

p 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M Local Taxes TOTAL 

Drillin g Gas 

Treatment 

1982 174 .6 - - - - - 174 .6 

1983 221 .8 - - - - - 221 .8 

1984 579 .6 - 22 .4 - - - 602 .0 

. 

1985 776 .7 7 .9 21 .9 - - - 806 .5 

n 1986 356.6 482 - 135 .8 - - 540 .6 

1987 420.4 - 169 .5 8003 - - 1,390 .2 

n 1988 299.8 - 157 .1 652 52 .4 0 .9 575 .3 

1989 171 .2 35.8 20 .0 315 .6 69 .4 33 615 .3 

1990 337.2 118 .7 242 .0 666 .7 102 .4 2 .0 1,469 .0 

1991 565 .0 163 .5 327 .7 646 .7 1803 4.0 1,887 .3 

1992 265.6 116 .3 392 .2 692 .4 971 .6 9.0 2,447 .1 

1993 275.7 86.1 510 .0 1,190 .5 1,048 .9 22.9 3,134 .2 

1994 457.5 10 .2 333 .8 - 1,642 .8 73 .5 2,517 .8 

1995 142 .5 30.1 175 .2 - 1,643 .0 46.6 2,037 .4 

1996 242.6 34.4 71 .0 - 1,618 .1 70 .0 2,036 .0 

1997 253.1 98.7 - 53 .9 1,819 .9 78 .8 2,304 .4 

1998 204.1 50.8 143 - 1,982 .0 113 .8 2,364 .9 

1999 260.0 11 .5 57 .2 54 .2 2,1565 122 .9 2,6623 

2000 140 .0 46.2 57 .2 - 2,320 .6 1313 2,695 .2 

2001 61 .8 - 14 .3 - 2,307 .8 135 .5 2,519 .4 

2002 - - - - 2,233 .4 137 .6 2,371 .0 

2003 61 .8 - 14 .3 - 2,137 .8 143 .6 2,357 .5 

2004 - - - - 2,027 .8 145 .7 2,173 .4 

2005 - - - - 1,893 .2 142 .4 2,035 .6 

2006 - - - - 1,755 .8 138 .7 1,894 .6 

2007 - - - - 1,596 .7 133 .4 1,730 .1 

2008 - - - - 1,500 .3 131 .6 1,631 .8 

2009 - - - - 1,276 .7 103 .1 1,379 .8 

2010 - - - - 1,070 .9 90.8 1,161 .7 

2011 - - - - 990.6 90.7 1,081 .3 

2012 - - - - 879 .5 88 .4 967.9 

2013 - - - - 814 .7 85 .8 900.6 

2014 - - - - 752 .2 83 .6 835 .8 

2015 - - - - 620 .8 81 .5 7023 

2016 - - - - 496.6 74 .6 571 .2 

2017 - - - - 458.4 72 .9 531 .3 

2018 - - - - 3682 71 .3 439.6 

2019 - - - - 345.1 69 .9 414.9 

2020 - - - - 324.3 68 .6 392.9 
o\ 

n 0 

Q 

A 

a 

n O 

O 

n 

Table B-10 

Mobile County Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing 0&G Construction Svcs., Ag., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU, FIRE 

1982 32.9 39 .9 2 .5 72 .7 12 25 .4 174 .6 

1983 41 .8 50.6 32 92 .4 1 .5 323 221 .8 

1984 1193 1323 11 .6 247 .1 4.0 87.6 602 .0 

1985 158 .4 177 .4 16.1 331 .6 5.4 117 .6 806.5 

1986 106 .0 81 .5 52.5 210 .4 3.7 86.6 540.6 

1987 304 .3 96.2 248 .2 4923 93 240.0 1,390.2 

1988 140 .6 72.3 52.4 218 .4 4.3 87.4 5753 

1989 112 .3 44.2 109.1 237 .0 6.2 106 .5 6153 

1990 332 .5 84.6 261 .7 529 .0 11 .0 250.2 1,469.0 

1991 425.1 1422 293 .0 699 .4 15 .1 312.5 1,8873 

1992 418.5 130 .9 413 .9 1,055 .1 22.4 406.2 2,447 .1 

1993 560 .2 138 .9 571 .9 1,298 .2 35.5 529.4 3,134.2 

1994 2923 223 .1 297.1 1,254 .3 62.6 388.5 2,517 .8 

1995 167 .3 151 .1 272.3 1,083 .4 43.1 320.2 2,037 .4 

1996 140 .2 172 .2 257.4 1,089 .7 57 .5 319.1 2,036.0 

1997 145 .0 189 .1 305 .3 1,234 .5 64.9 365.5 2,304 .4 

1998 124 .4 189 .6 307.0 1,285 .7 86 .8 371 .5 2,364 .9 

1999 159 .0 215 .0 345 .8 1,429 .7 94.4 418.4 2,6623 

2000 141 .3 199 .4 360.8 1,469 .9 99.9 423.9 2,695 .2 

2001 94 .2 180 .6 341 .9 1,404 .9 1013 396.6 2,519 .4 

2002 73 .7 1612 328.4 1,332 .4 101 .5 373.8 2,371 .0 

2003 88 .7 168 .4 318.0 1,307 .1 105 .0 370.2 2,357 .5 

2004 67 .1 1463 299.4 1,213 .9 105 .0 341 .7 2,173 .4 

2005 62 .7 136 .6 279.9 1,134 .6 102 .0 319.8 2,035 .6 

2006 58 .2 126 .7 260.0 1,053 .6 98.7 2973 1,894 .6 

2007 53 .0 115 .2 236.9 959.6 94.2 271 .2 1,730 .1 

2008 49 .9 108 .3 222.9 902 .9 92.3 255.5 1,631 .8 

2009 42 .4 92.1 189 .2 766 .5 73 .1 216.4 1,379 .8 

2010 35 .6 77 .3 159 .0 643 .8 64 .0 182 .0 1,161 .7 

2011 33 .0 71 .5 147 .4 596 .9 63 .3 169 .2 1,081 .3 

2012 29 .4 63 .5 131 .4 531 .6 61 .1 151 .1 967.9 

2013 272 58 .8 121 .9 493 .2 59 .0 140 .4 900.6 

2014 252 54 .3 112 .8 456.2 57 .2 130 .1 835 .8 

2015 20 .9 44.8 93.9 379.0 54 .9 108 .8 702 .3 

2016 16 .8 35 .8 75.7 305 .1 49.7 88 .1 5712 

2017 15 .6 33 .1 70.1 282.4 48.4 81 .8 5313 

2018 12 .6 26 .6 57 .1 229.4 46 .7 67 .1 439.6 

2019 11 .9 24 .9 53 .7 215 .6 45 .7 63 .2 414.9 

2020 11 .2 23 .4 50 .6 203 .2 44 .7 59 .8 392.9 
Table B-11 

Mobile County Employment 

by Economic Sector 

a Resultin g from All Activities 

- Total Coas tal Alabama Production - 

OK 

Q" Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drillin g TOTAL 

Extraction 

A 

n 1982 0 .5 - 2 .5 32 .9 9 .4 25 .4 6 .0 55 .5 1 .2 12 39 .9 174 .6 

1983 0 6 - 3 2 41 .8 12 .0 323 7 .6 70 .5 1 .5 1 .6 50 .6 221 .8 

1984 

. 

1 .7 0 .0 

. 

11 .6 1193 31 .8 87 .6 20 .7 188 .6 4 .0 4 .2 1323 602 .0 

. 

1985 2 .4 0 .0 16 .1 158 .4 42 .7 117 .6 27 .8 253 .2 5 .4 5 .7 177 .4 806.5 

1986 2 1 0 0 52 5 106 0 25 .0 86.6 19 .0 160 .5 3 .7 3 .8 81 .4 540.6 . . . . 

1987 6 .4 0 .2 248 .2 3043 51 .4 240.0 49 .8 374 .6 9 .3 10 .1 96 .0 1,3902 

n 1988 1 .9 3 .8 52 .4 140 .6 25 .3 87 .4 20 .2 167 .0 43 4 .1 68 .5 575 .3 

1989 2 .8 5 .1 109 .1 1123 24 .8 106.5 22 .7 182 .4 6 .2 4 .4 39.1 6153 

1990 6 .4 7 .6 261 .7 332 .5 54 .7 250.2 53 .0 4043 11 .0 10.5 77 .0 1,469.0 

1991 7 .7 13 .2 293 .0 425 .1 74 .6 312.5 68 .0 535 .7 15 .1 13 .5 129.0 1,887 .3 

1992 93 703 413 .9 418 .5 107 .5 406.2 94 .4 826 .6 22 .4 17 .2 60.7 2,447 .1 

1993 12 .8 76 .0 571 .9 560 .2 130 .2 529.4 119 .9 1,013 .2 35 .5 22 .2 63 .0 3,134.2 

1994 7 .5 118 .6 297 .1 2923 1332 388 .5 100 .9 995 .6 62 .6 17 .1 104 .5 2,517 .8 

1995 6 .0 118 .6 2723 1673 112 .4 320.2 84 .7 866 .5 43 .1 13 .8 32 .5 2,037 .4 

1996 6.1 116 .8 257 .4 140 .2 1143 319.1 84 .5 871 .1 57 .5 13 .7 55 .4 2,036 .0 

1997 7 .2 1313 3053 145 .0 129 .1 365 .5 95 .8 986 .9 64 .9 15 .5 57 .8 2,304 .4 

1998 7 .2 143 .0 307 .0 124 .4 133 .9 371 .5 99 .1 1,029 .7 86.8 15 .9 46.6 2,364 .9 

1999 8 .2 155 .6 345 .8 159.0 149 .0 418.4 111 .0 1,143 .7 94 .4 17 .9 59.4 2,662 .3 

2000 8 .2 167 .5 360.8 141 .3 151 .9 423 .9 113 .4 1,178 .3 99.9 18 .1 32.0 2,695 .2 

2001 7 .6 166.5 341 .9 94 .2 144 .5 396.6 107 .3 1,128 .7 101 .3 16 .8 14 .1 2,519 .4 

2002 7 .2 161 .2 328.4 73 .7 136.3 373 .8 101 .5 1,071 .6 101 .5 15 .8 - 2,371 .0 

2003 7 .2 1543 318.0 88 .7 134 .4 370.2 100 .1 1,049.7 105 .0 15 .7 14 .1 2,357 .5 

2004 6.6 1463 299.4 67 .1 124 .1 341 .7 92 .8 975 .8 105 .0 14 .5 - 2,173 .4 

2005 6.2 136 .6 279.9 62.7 116 .0 319.8 86.9 912 .0 102 .0 13 .5 - 2,035 .6 

2006 5 .8 126 .7 260.0 582 107 .7 2973 80.8 846.7 98.7 12 .6 - 1,894 .6 

2007 53 1152 236.9 53 .0 98 .0 271 .2 73 .7 771 .0 94.2 11 .5 - 1,730 .1 

2008 5 .1 1083 222.9 49.9 92.2 255 .5 69.4 7253 92.3 10 .8 - 1,631 .8 

2009 4.2 92.1 189 .2 42.4 783 216.4 58 .8 616.0 73 .1 9.2 - 1,379 .8 

2010 3 .6 77.3 159 .0 35 .6 65 .8 182 .0 49.5 5173 64.0 7 .7 - 1,161 .7 

2011 3 .4 71 .5 147 .4 33 .0 61 .0 169 .2 46.0 479.5 633 7 .2 - 1,0813 

2012 3 .0 63 .5 131 .4 29.4 54.3 151 .1 41 .1 426.8 61 .1 6.4 - 967.9 

2013 2.8 58.8 121 .9 272 50.3 140 .4 382 395 .9 59.0 6.0 - 900.6 

2014 2.6 54.3 112 .8 252 46.5 130 .1 35 .4 366.1 57.2 5 .5 - 835 .8 

2015 22 44.8 93 .9 20.9 38.6 108 .8 29.6 303 .9 54.9 4.6 - 702 .3 

2016 1 .9 35 .8 75 .7 16 .8 31 .0 88 .1 24.0 244.4 49 .7 3 .8 - 5712 

2017 1 .7 33 .1 70 .1 15 .6 28 .7 81 .8 22.3 226.2 48 .4 3 .5 - 531 .3 

2018 1 .5 26.6 57 .1 12 .6 23 .3 67 .1 18.3 183 .5 46.7 2.9 - 439.6 

2019 1 4 24 .9 53 .7 11 .9 21 .9 63 .2 172 172.4 45 .7 2.7 - 414.9 

v 

2020 

. 

1 .3 23 .4 50 .6 112 20 .6 59 .8 16.3 162.4 44 .7 2.6 - 392.9 
00 

Table B-12 

Mobile County Population 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

TOTAL 

n 0 

A 

a 

A 

A 

n 

0 

O 

co 

n 

1982 373 .9 

1983 475 .1 

1984 1,289 .5 

1985 1,727 .7 

1986 1,158 .1 

1987 2,978 .0 

1988 1,232 .5 

1989 1,318 .0 

1990 3,146 .9 

1991 4,043.0 

1992 5,242 .2 

1993 6,714 .0 

1994 5,393 .6 

1995 4,364 .4 

1996 4,361 .6 

1997 4,936 .4 

1998 5,066 .1 

1999 5,7032 

2000 5,773 .7 

2001 5,397 .0 

2002 5,079 .2 

2003 5,050 .2 

2004 4,655 .9 

2005 4,360.7 

2006 4,058 .5 

2007 3,7063 

2008 3,495 .7 

2009 2,955 .7 

2010 2,488 .6 

2011 2,316 .3 

2012 2,073 .4 

2013 1,929.2 

2014 1,790 .4 

2015 1,504 .4 

2016 1,223 .6 

2017 1,138 .1 

2018 941.6 

2019 888 .8 

2020 841 .6 
Table B-13 

p Mobile County Employment 

by Expenditure Category 

p Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production -- 

A 

p Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M Local Taxes TOTAL 

Drillin g Gas 

0 

1982 - 

1983 - - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - - 0 1985 - - - - - - - 

1986 - - - - - - - 

1987 - - - - - - 

1988 - - - - - - - 

1989 - - - - - - - 

1990 - - - - - - - 

1991 - - - - - - - 

1992 - - - - - - - 

1993 - - - - - - - 

1994 50.6 - - - - - 50 .6 

1995 24.8 - - - - - 24.8 

1996 24.6 - - - - - 24.6 

1997 - - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - - 

1999 91 .5 - 572 54 .2 - - 202.9 

2000 183 .0 69 .2 223 .0 54 .2 - - 529.5 

2001 128 .6 49.2 62.9 - 192 .8 - 433.5 

2002 94.0 3 .1 543 - 368 .7 - 520.1 

2003 51 .9 3 .1 543 - 452 .5 - 561 .9 

2004 - - - - 5042 - 5042 

2005 - - - - 502 .8 - 502.8 

2006 - - - - 502 .8 - 502.8 

2007 - - - - 502 .8 - 502.8 

2008 - - - - 504 .2 - 504.2 

2009 - - - - 502 .8 - 502.8 

2010 - - - - 502 .8 - 502.8 

2011 - - - - 343 .6 - 343.6 

2012 - - - - 302 .5 - 302.5 

2013 - - - - 268 .2 - 268.2 

2014 - - - - 234 .7 - 234.7 

2015 - - - - 209.5 - 209.5 

2016 - - - - 193 .3 - 193 .3 

2017 - - - - 167 .6 - 167 .6 

Q7 2018 - - - - 150.8 - 150 .8 

'r 2019 - - - - 134 .1 - 134 .1 

\° 2020 - - - - 126 .1 - 126 .1 
N 

0 

n 0 

Q 

... 

A 

a 

n 

0 

0 

<o 

n 

OK 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Manufacturing 

9.5 

4.7 

4.6 

52.9 

163 .6 

723 

54.8 

49.6 

163 

16 .3 

163 

163 

163 

16 .3 

16 .3 

9.8 

8.7 

7.6 

6.8 

6.3 

5.4 

4.9 

4.3 

4.1 

Table B-14 

Mobile County Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production -- 

O&G Construction 

Extraction 

11 .5 0.7 

5 .7 0.4 

5 .6 0.4 

Svcs., Ag., Government 

TPU, FIRE 

21 .1 03 

10 .3 02 

10 .2 0.2 

20 .9 24 .3 

41 .8 64 .7 

43 .3 49 .3 

48 .1 62 .7 

44 .5 74 .1 

36 .4 723 

36 .3 72 .1 

36 .3 72 .1 

36 .3 72 .1 

36 .4 72 .3 

36 .3 72 .1 

36 .3 72 .1 

24 .8 49 .2 

21 .8 43 .4 

19 .3 38 .4 

16 .9 33 .6 

15 .1 30 .0 

13 .9 27 .7 

12 .1 24 .0 

10 .9 21 .6 

9.7 19.2 

9.1 18 .1 

71 .4 1 .3 

174.4 3.3 

198.2 3.0 

269.6 3.7 

301 .0 4.1 

294.6 3.8 

293.8 3.7 

293.8 3.7 

293.8 3 .7 

294.6 3 .8 

293.8 3 .7 

293.8 3.7 

200.7 2.6 

176.7 2.3 

156.7 2.0 

137.1 1 .7 

122.4 1 .6 

112.9 1 .4 

97 .9 1 .2 

88 .1 1 .1 

78 .3 1 .0 

73 .6 0.9 

Trade 

7 .4 

3.6 

3.6 

32.0 

81 .5 

67 .4 

81 .2 

88 .6 

80 .9 

80 .7 

80 .7 

80 .7 

80 .9 

80 .7 

80 .7 

55 .1 

48.5 

43.0 

37.6 

33.6 

31 .0 

26.9 

242 

21 .5 

20.2 

TOTAL 

50 .6 

24 .8 

24 .6 

202 .9 

529 .5 

433 .5 

520 .1 

561 .9 

504 .2 

502 .8 

so2 .s 

502 .8 

504 .2 

502 .8 

502 .8 

343 .6 

302 .5 

268 .2 

234 .7 

209 .5 

193 .3 

167 .6 

150 .8 

134 .1 

126 .1 
Table B-15 

o Mobile County Employment 

by Economic Sector 

sj Resulting from All Activities 

a - Destin Dome OCS Production - 

OK 

A i lt O&G ConDD Manuf Transo Trade F I R E Services Govt. Misc. Drillin g TOTAL gr cu ure . . . . . . . 

~a Extraction 

1982 - - - - - - - - 

0 1983 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1985 

n' 1986 - - - - - 

1987 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1988 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1989 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1990 

1991 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1992 - - - - - - - - - 

1993 - - - - - - - - 

1994 0.1 - 0.7 9 .5 2.7 7 .4 1 .7 16 .1 03 0.4 11 .5 50.6 

1995 0.1 - 0.4 4 .7 13 3 .6 0.9 7 .9 02 0.2 5 .7 24.8 

1996 0.1 - 0.4 4 .6 1 .3 3 .6 0.8 7 .8 02 0.2 5 .6 24.6 

1997 - - - - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1999 0.7 0 .0 24.3 52.9 8 .0 32.0 7 .0 54 .1 13 1 .4 20 .9 202.9 

2000 1 .8 0 .1 64.7 163 .6 19 .4 81 .5 18 .1 131 .4 33 3.7 41 .8 529.5 

2001 1 .4 13 .9 49.3 723 21 .7 67.4 16 .6 155 .6 3 .0 3.0 29 .4 433.5 

2002 1 .5 26.6 62.7 54.8 28.7 81 .2 21 .2 214 .7 3 .7 3.5 21 .5 520.1 

2003 1 .6 32 .7 74 .1 49.6 31 .4 88.6 23 .4 240 .8 4 .1 3.8 11 .9 561 .9 

2004 1 .4 36.4 723 163 303 80.9 21 .9 237 .6 3 .8 3.4 - 504 .2 

2005 1 .4 36.3 72 .1 16 .3 30.2 80.7 21 .9 236.9 3 .7 3 .4 - 502 .8 

2006 1 .4 36.3 72 .1 16 .3 30.2 80.7 21 .9 236.9 3 .7 3 .4 - 502 .8 

2007 1 .4 36.3 72 .1 163 302 80.7 21 .9 236.9 3 .7 3 .4 - 502 .8 

2008 1 .4 36.4 72 .3 16 .3 303 80.9 21 .9 237.6 3 .8 3 .4 - 504 .2 

2009 1 .4 36.3 72 .1 16 .3 30 .2 80.7 21 .9 236.9 3 .7 3 .4 - 502 .8 

2010 1 .4 363 72 .1 16 .3 302 80.7 21 .9 236.9 3 .7 3 .4 - 502 .8 

2011 1 .0 24.8 49 .2 11 .1 20.6 55.1 14 .9 161 .9 2 .6 2 .3 - 343 .6 

2012 0 .9 21 .8 43 .4 9.8 18 .2 48.5 13 .2 142 .5 23 2 .0 - 302 .5 

2013 0.8 19 .3 38 .4 8 .7 16.1 43.0 11 .7 1263 2 .0 1 .8 - 268 .2 

2014 0.7 16 .9 33 .6 7 .6 14.1 37.6 102 110 .6 1 .7 1 .6 - 234.7 

2015 0.6 15 .1 30 .0 6 .8 12.6 33.6 9.1 98.7 1 .6 1 .4 - 209.5 

2016 0.6 13 .9 27 .7 63 11 .6 31 .0 8 .4 91 .1 1 .4 13 - 193 .3 

2017 0.5 12 .1 24 .0 5 .4 10 .1 26.9 7.3 79 .0 12 1 .1 - 167.6 

bi 2018 0.4 10 .9 21 .6 4 .9 9.1 24.2 6.6 71 .1 1 .1 1 .0 - 150.8 

ti 2019 0.4 9.7 192 4 .3 8.0 21 .5 5 .8 63 .2 1 .0 0 .9 - 134.1 

2020 0.4 9.1 18 .1 4 .1 7.6 20.2 5 .5 59 .4 0.9 0 .8 - 126.1 
N 

Table B-16 

Mobile County Population 

Resulting from All Activities 

-- Destin Dome OCS Production -- 

TOTAL 

n O 

oy 

n 0 

O 

n 

1982 - 

1983 - 

1984 - 

1985 - 

1986 - 

1987 - 

1988 - 

1989 - 

1990 - 

1991 - 

1992 - 

1993 - 

1994 108 .3 

1995 53 .2 

1996 52 .6 

1997 - 

1998 - 

1999 434.7 

2000 1,134.2 

2001 928.6 

2002 1,114.2 

2003 1,203 .7 

2004 1,080.1 

2005 1,077.1 

2006 1,077.1 

2007 1,077.1 

2008 1,080 .1 

2009 1,077 .1 

2010 1,077 .1 

2011 736.1 

2012 648.1 

2013 574.5 

2014 502.7 

2015 448.8 

2016 414.0 

2017 359.0 

2018 323.1 

2019 287.2 

2020 270.0 
Table B-17 

0 Mobile County Personal Income 

by Expenditure Category 

p Resulting from All Activities 

-- Alabama State Production 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore 08M Local Taxes TOTAL 

Drillin g Gas 

Treatment 

1982 4 .2 - - - - - 4 .2 

1983 4 .6 - - - - - 4 .6 

1984 9 .3 - - - - - 93 

1985 11 .4 03 - - - 11 .7 

1986 6 .0 1 .7 - 3 .5 - - 11 .2 

1987 3 .5 - 4 .8 20 .8 - - 29 .1 

n 1988 3 .5 - 4 .7 1 .7 1 .8 0 .0 11 .6 

1989 0.8 1 .2 - 8 .2 23 0 .1 12 .7 

1990 4.9 2 .7 4 .3 17 .3 3 .4 0 .1 32 .8 

1991 12 .2 4 .8 5 .6 16 .8 5 .5 0 .1 45 .0 

1992 5 .5 3 .7 8 .1 18 .0 18 .5 0 .3 54 .1 

1993 53 2 .0 8 .0 31 .0 213 0 .7 68 .1 

1994 1 .4 - 1 .1 - 36 .4 2 .1 41 .1 

1995 3 .2 03 1 .8 - 332 13 39.9 

1996 1 .5 0.4 1 .0 - 323 2 .0 37.1 

1997 5.7 0.6 - 1 .4 33 .2 2 .3 433 

1998 1 .6 - 0.5 - 37 .5 33 42.9 

1999 5 .5 - 1 .0 1 .4 39.1 3 .5 50.6 

2000 1 .0 - 0.5 - 41 .3 3 .8 46.6 

2001 2.2 - 0 .5 - 40.7 3 .9 47.2 

2002 - - - - 39.5 4.0 43.5 

2003 22 - 0 .5 - 38.6 4.1 45.4 

2004 - - - - 37.1 4.2 413 

2005 - - - - 34.8 4.1 38 .9 

2006 - - - - 32.2 4.0 36 .2 

2007 - - - - 28.7 3.8 32 .5 

2008 - - - - 273 3.8 31 .1 

2009 - - - - 22.0 3.0 25 .0 

2010 - - - - 19 .1 2.6 21 .7 

2011 - - - - 18 .1 2.6 20 .7 

2012 - - - - 17 .0 2.5 19 .5 

2013 - - - - 15 .8 2 .5 18 .3 

2014 - - - - 14 .8 2 .4 17 .2 

2015 - - - - 13 .8 23 16 .2 

2016 - - - - 10 .1 2 .1 12 .3 

2017 - - - - 9.5 2.1 11 .6 

2018 - - - - 9 .0 2 .1 11 .0 

2019 - 8.4 2.0 10 .4 

2020 - - - - 8 .0 2 .0 9.9 
N 

A 

n 0 

A 

a 

Q 

n 

0 

0 

n 

Table B-18 

Mobile County Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production -- 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Ag ., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 0.8 1 .6 0 .0 1 .3 0 .0 03 4.2 

1983 0.9 1 .8 0 .1 1 .5 0 .0 0 .4 4.6 

1984 1 .8 3 .6 0 .1 3 .0 0 .1 0 .7 9.3 

1985 2.2 4 .4 0 .2 3 .8 0 .1 0 .9 11 .7 

1986 2.3 2 .3 2 .2 3 .3 0 .1 1 .0 11 .2 

1987 7.1 1 .4 10 .1 7.6 0 .2 2 .7 29.1 

1988 3 .3 1 .6 2 .3 3 .4 0 .1 1 .0 11 .6 

1989 2.2 0 .6 4 .6 4.0 0 .2 1 .2 12 .7 

1990 7.3 2 .4 103 9.5 03 3 .0 32.8 

1991 9.8 5 .5 11 .7 13 .6 0 .4 4 .0 45.0 

1992 10 .2 4 .5 15 .5 18 .4 0.6 4 .8 54 .1 

1993 12 .4 4 .8 21 .1 22 .7 1 .0 6 .1 68 .1 

1994 23 5 .3 92 19 .2 1 .8 33 41 .1 

1995 3.0 5 .5 8 .7 18 .3 1 .2 3 .2 39 .9 

1996 2.2 4 .7 83 17 .2 1 .7 3 .0 37 .1 

1997 2.9 6.5 9 .0 19 .4 1 .9 3 .5 43 .3 

1998 2.1 5 .5 93 19 .9 2.6 3 .5 42 .9 

1999 3.5 7.2 10.5 22 .5 2.8 4.1 50.6 

2000 2.2 5 .7 10 .3 21 .7 2.9 3 .8 46.6 

2001 2.4 6.1 10 .2 21 .8 3 .0 3 .8 47 .2 

2002 1 .7 5 .1 9.7 20 .4 3 .0 3 .5 43 .5 

2003 2.3 5 .8 9.7 20 .8 3 .2 3 .6 45 .4 

2004 1 .6 4.8 9.2 19 .2 3 .2 3 .3 41 .3 

2005 1 .5 4.5 8.6 18 .1 3 .1 3 .1 38.9 

2006 1 .4 42 8.0 16 .8 3 .0 2 .9 36.2 

2007 1 .2 3 .7 7.1 15 .0 2 .9 2 .6 32.5 

2008 1 .2 3 .5 6.8 14 .3 2 .8 2 .5 31 .1 

2009 0 .9 2 .8 5.5 11 .5 2 .2 2 .0 25.0 

2010 0 .8 2 .5 4.8 10.0 1 .9 1 .7 21 .7 

2011 0 .8 2 .3 4.5 9.5 1 .9 1 .7 20.7 

2012 0 .7 2 .2 4.2 89 1 .9 1 .6 19 .5 

2013 0 .7 2 .0 4.0 83 1 .8 1 .5 18 .3 

2014 0 .6 1 .9 3.7 7.8 1 .8 1 .4 172 

2015 0 .6 1 .8 3.5 7.3 1 .7 1 .3 162 

2016 0 .4 1 .3 2.6 5 .4 1 .5 1 .0 12 .3 

2017 0.4 1 .2 2.4 5.1 1 .5 0.9 11 .6 

2018 0.4 12 23 4.8 1 .5 0.9 11 .0 

2019 0 .4 1 .1 2.1 4.6 1 .4 0.8 10 .4 

2020 0.4 1 .0 2.0 43 1 .4 0.8 9.9 
Table B-19 

Mobile County Personal Income 

A by Economic Sector 

Sj Resulting from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production - 

sj OK 

°" Agriculture 08G Const. Manuf. Trans p. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drillin g TOTAL 

~a Extraction 

n 1982 0.0 - 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.3 0 .1 1 .0 0 .0 0 .0 1 .6 4 .2 

1983 0.0 - 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 0 .1 1 .1 0 .0 0A 1 .8 4 .6 

1984 0 0 - 0.1 1 .8 0.5 0.7 0 .2 23 0 .1 0.0 3 .6 93 

1985 

. 

0.0 0.0 0.2 2.2 0.6 0.9 03 2 .8 0 .1 0.0 4 .4 11 .7 

1986 0.0 0.0 2.2 2.3 0.5 1 .0 03 2 .5 0 .1 0.0 23 11 .2 

1987 0.1 0.0 10 .1 7 .1 0.9 2.7 0 .7 5 .9 0 .2 0.0 1 .4 29 .1 

1988 0.0 0.2 23 3 .3 0.5 1 .0 0 .3 2 .6 0 .1 0 .0 1 .4 11 .6 

`' 1989 0.0 0.3 4.6 2.2 0.5 1 .2 03 3 .1 0 .2 0.0 0.3 12 .7 

1990 0.1 0.5 103 7 .3 1 .2 3.0 0 .8 7 .4 03 0.1 1 .9 32 .8 

1991 0.1 0.7 11 .7 9.8 1 .8 4.0 1 .1 10 .5 0 .4 0.1 4.7 45 .0 

1992 0.1 2.4 15 .5 10 .2 23 4.8 1 .4 14 .6 0 .6 0.1 2 .1 54 .1 

1993 0.1 2.8 21 .1 12 .4 2.8 6.1 1 .7 18 .0 1 .0 0.1 2.1 68 .1 

1994 0 .1 4.7 9.2 23 2.4 33 1 .1 15 .5 1 .8 0.1 0.5 41 .1 

1995 0 .1 4.3 8 .7 3.0 23 3.2 1 .1 14 .7 12 0.1 1 .2 39 .9 

1996 0 .1 4.2 83 2.2 2.2 3.0 1A 139 1 .7 0.1 0.6 37 .1 

1997 0 .1 4.3 9.0 2.9 2.5 3.5 1 .2 15 .5 1 .9 01 2 .2 433 

1998 0 .1 4.8 93 2.1 2.5 3 .5 1 .2 16 .0 2 .6 0.1 0.6 42 .9 

1999 0 .1 5 .1 10 .5 3 .5 2.9 4.1 1 .4 18 .1 2.8 0.1 2.1 50 .6 

2000 0 .1 5 .3 10 .3 2 .2 2.8 3 .8 1 .3 17 .5 2 .9 0.1 0.4 46 .6 

2001 0 .1 53 10 .2 2 .4 2.8 3 .8 13 17 .5 3 .0 0.1 0.8 47 .2 

2002 0 .1 5 .1 9.7 1 .7 2.6 3 .5 1 .2 16 .5 3 .0 0.1 - 43 .5 

2003 0 .1 5 .0 9.7 23 2.6 3 .6 13 16 .7 3 .2 0.1 0.8 45 .4 

2004 0 .1 4.8 9 .2 1 .6 2 .4 33 1 .2 15 .5 3 .2 0.1 - 413 

2005 0 .1 4.5 8 .6 1 .5 23 3 .1 1 .1 14 .6 3 .1 0.1 - 38 .9 

2006 0 .1 4.2 8 .0 1 .4 2 .1 2 .9 1 .0 13 .5 3 .0 0.1 - 36.2 

2007 0 .0 3 .7 7 .1 1 .2 1 .9 2 .6 09 12 .1 2.9 0.1 - 32.5 

2008 0 .0 3 .5 6 .8 1 .2 1 .8 2 .5 09 11 .5 2.8 0 .0 - 31 .1 

2009 0 .0 2 .8 5 .5 0 .9 1 .5 2 .0 0.7 9.3 22 0 .0 - 25 .0 

2010 0 .0 2 .5 4 .8 0 .8 1 .3 1 .7 0.6 8.1 1 .9 0 .0 - 21 .7 

2011 0 .0 2 .3 4 .5 0 .8 12 1 .7 0.6 7.6 1 .9 0 .0 - 20.7 

2012 0 .0 22 42 0 .7 1 .1 1 .6 0.5 72 1 .9 0 .0 - 19 .5 

2013 0 .0 2 .0 4 .0 0 .7 1 .1 1 .5 0.5 6.7 1 .8 0 .0 - 18 .3 

2014 0 .0 1 .9 3 .7 0 .6 1 .0 1 .4 0.5 63 1 .8 0 .0 - 172 

2015 0 .0 1 .8 3 .5 0 .6 0 .9 13 0.5 5 .9 1 .7 0 .0 - 162 

2016 0.0 13 2.6 0.4 0.7 1 .0 0.3 4.4 1 .5 0.0 - 123 

2017 0 .0 1 .2 2.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 03 4.1 1 .5 0.0 - 11 .6 

liu 2018 0.0 1 .2 2.3 0 .4 0 .6 0.9 0 .3 3 .9 1 .5 0 .0 - 11 .0 

cN 2019 0A 1 .1 2.1 0 .4 0 .6 0 .8 0 .3 3 .7 1 .4 0 .0 - 10 .4 

2020 0.0 1 .0 2.0 0.4 0.5 0 .8 0.3 3 .5 1 .4 0.0 - 9.9 
N 

n 0 

a 

n O 

0 

n 

Table B-20 

Mobile County Personal Income 

by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production - 

Exo/Dev Pipelines Platforms 

Drillin g 

1982 2 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

1983 3 .1 0 .0 0 .0 

1984 11 .0 0.0 0 .8 

1985 15 .9 0.0 0 .8 

1986 6 .5 0.0 0 .0 

1987 11 .3 0.0 1 .3 

1988 7 .0 0.0 0 .9 

1989 5 .2 0.0 0 .7 

1990 6 .9 1 .4 43 

1991 7 .6 0.9 6 .1 

1992 3 .8 0.3 5 .9 

1993 4.4 1 .0 10.1 

1994 14 .6 0.4 10.7 

1995 1 .8 0.7 4.4 

1996 7 .1 0.8 1 .5 

1997 3 .1 2.8 0.0 

1998 5 .5 1 .8 0.0 

1999 3 .6 0.4 1 .0 

2000 3 .9 1 .6 1 .5 

2001 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2002 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2003 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2004 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2005 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2006 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2007 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2008 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2009 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2010 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2011 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2012 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

2013 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

2014 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

2015 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

2016 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

2017 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

2018 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

2019 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

2020 0.0 0 .0 0.0 

Onshore O&M Local Taxes TOTAL 

Gas 

Treatment 

0 .0 0.0 0 .0 2 .0 

0 .0 0.0 0 .0 3 .1 

0 .0 0.0 0 .0 11 .8 

0 .0 0.0 0 .0 16 .7 

1 .5 0.0 0 .0 8 .0 

8 .9 0 .0 0 .0 21 .4 

0 .7 0 .0 0 .0 8 .7 

3 .5 0 .0 0 .0 9 .4 

7 .4 0 .0 0 .0 20 .0 

7.2 0.6 0.0 223 

7 .7 14 .1 0 .0 31 .9 

13 .3 14 .0 0 .0 42 .9 

0 .0 18 .9 0 .0 44 .6 

0 .0 22 .1 0 .0 29 .0 

0 .0 22 .2 0.0 31 .6 

0 .6 28 .0 0.0 34.6 

0 .0 29 .2 0.0 36.5 

0 .6 33 .4 0.0 39.1 

0.0 36.7 0.0 43 .8 

0.0 37 .0 0.0 37.0 

0.0 35 .6 0.0 35 .6 

0.0 33 .4 0.0 33 .4 

0.0 31 .1 0.0 31 .1 

0.0 28.9 0.0 28.9 

0 .0 26.9 0.0 26.9 

0 .0 25 .0 0.0 25.0 

0 .0 23 .2 0.0 232 

0 .0 21 .0 0.0 21 .0 

0 .0 16 .9 0.0 16 .9 

0 .0 15 .3 0.0 15 .3 

0 .0 12 .6 0.0 12 .6 

0 .0 11 .6 0.0 11 .6 

0 .0 10 .5 0 .0 10 .5 

0 .0 7 .0 0 .0 7 .0 

0 .0 6.6 0 .0 6 .6 

0 .0 5 .9 0 .0 5 .9 

0.0 3.4 0.0 3.4 

0.0 3.2 0.0 3.2 

0 .0 3.0 0 .0 3 .0 
n 

0 

Q 

A 

o+ 

n7 

0 

0 

N 

V 

Table B-21 

Mobile County Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Aa ., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU, FIRE 

1982 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.6 0 .0 0.2 2.0 

1983 0 .6 1 .2 0.0 1 .0 0 .0 0 .2 3.1 

1984 2.5 43 03 3 .7 0 .1 0 .9 11 .8 

1985 3 .4 6 .2 0.4 53 0 .1 1 .3 16 .7 

1986 1 .5 2 .5 0.7 2.5 0 .1 0 .7 8 .0 

1987 4.5 4.4 43 63 0 .2 1 .9 21 .4 

1988 1 .9 2.7 0.6 2.7 0.1 0.7 8.7 

1989 2 .0 2 .0 1 .7 2.7 0 .1 0 .8 9.4 

1990 5 .2 2 .7 4.8 5 .4 0 .1 1 .8 20.0 

1991 6 .0 3 .0 5 .1 6.1 0 .2 1 .9 223 

1992 5 .8 3 .3 83 11 .6 0 .3 2 .7 31 .9 

1993 9 .2 3 .5 11 .9 14 .2 0 .3 3 .7 42.9 

1994 8 .8 8 .1 7 .4 16 .4 0 .4 3 .6 44 .6 

1995 3 .5 3 .6 6.6 12 .7 0 .2 2 .4 29 .0 

1996 3 .2 5 .6 6.1 13 .9 03 2 .6 31 .6 

1997 2 .6 4 .8 8 .0 15 .9 0 .3 2 .9 34 .6 

1998 2 .7 5 .9 7 .7 16 .8 03 3 .0 36 .5 

1999 2.8 5 .7 8 .7 18 .3 03 3 .2 39 .1 

2000 3 .4 63 9.8 203 0.4 3 .6 43 .8 

2001 1 .5 4 .8 8 .9 18 .4 0.3 3 .0 37 .0 

2002 1 .5 4 .6 8 .6 17 .7 03 2 .9 35 .6 

2003 1 .4 43 8 .0 16 .6 0.3 2 .7 33 .4 

2004 1 .3 4 .0 7 .5 15 .5 0.3 2 .5 31 .1 

2005 1 .2 3 .7 6 .9 14 .4 03 2 .4 28.9 

2006 1 .1 3 .5 6 .5 13 .4 0.2 2 .2 26.9 

2007 1 .0 3 .2 6 .0 12 .5 0.2 2.0 25 .0 

2008 1 .0 3 .0 5 .6 11 .6 0.2 1 .9 23 .2 

2009 0.9 2 .7 5 .0 10 .4 0.2 1 .7 21 .0 

2010 0.7 2.2 4 .1 8 .4 0.2 1 .4 16.9 

2011 0.6 2.0 3 .7 7 .6 0.1 12 15 .3 

2012 0.5 1 .6 3 .0 6 .3 0 .1 1 .0 12 .6 

2013 0.5 1 .5 2 .8 5 .8 0 .1 0.9 11 .6 

2014 0 .4 1 .4 2 .5 5 .2 0 .1 0.9 10 .5 

2015 0 .3 0.9 1 .7 3 .5 0 .1 0.6 7.0 

2016 03 09 1 .6 3 .3 0 .1 0.5 6.6 

2017 0 .2 0.8 1 .4 2 .9 0 .1 0.5 5 .9 

2018 0 .1 0.4 0.8 1 .7 0 .0 0.3 3.4 

2019 0.1 0.4 0.8 1 .6 0.0 03 3.2 

2020 0 .1 0.4 0.7 1 .5 0 .0 0.2 3.0 
N 

n 0 

A 

on O 

O 

n 

Table B-22 

Mobile County Personal Income 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production -- 

OK 

Agriculture 0&G Const. Manuf. Transo. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .4 0 .1 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0 .0 0.8 2 .0 

1983 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .6 0 .2 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.0 0 .0 1 .2 3 .1 

1984 0 .0 0 .0 0.3 2 .5 0 .6 0.9 03 2.8 0.1 0 .0 4.3 11 .8 

1985 0 .0 0 .0 0.4 3 .4 0 .9 1 .3 0.4 4.0 0.1 0 .0 6.2 16 .7 

1986 0 .0 0 .0 0.7 1 .5 0 .4 0 .7 0.2 1 .9 0.1 0 .0 2.5 8 .0 

1987 0 .0 0 .0 43 4.5 0 .9 1 .9 0.5 4.8 0.2 0 .0 4.4 21 .4 

1988 0 .0 0.0 0.6 1 .9 0 .4 0 .7 0.2 2.0 0.1 0 .0 2.7 8 .7 

1989 0 .0 0.0 1 .7 2 .0 0 .4 0 .8 0.2 2.1 0.1 0 .0 2.0 9 .4 

1990 0 .0 0.0 4.8 5 .2 0 .7 1 .8 0.5 4.2 0.1 0 .0 2.7 20 .0 

1991 0 .0 0.1 5 .1 6 .0 0 .8 1 .9 0.5 4.7 0 .2 0 .0 3 .0 22 .3 

1992 0 .1 1 .8 83 5 .8 1 .5 2 .7 0.8 9.2 03 0 .1 1 .5 31 .9 

1993 0 .1 1 .8 11 .9 9 .2 1 .8 3 .7 1 .1 11 .2 0 .3 0 .1 1 .7 42 .9 

1994 0 .1 2.4 7 .4 8 .8 23 3 .6 1 .1 12 .9 0 .4 0 .1 5 .7 44 .6 

1995 0 .0 2.9 6 .6 3 .5 1 .6 2 .4 0.8 10 .2 0 .2 0 .0 0 .7 29 .0 

1996 0 .0 2.9 6 .1 3 .2 1 .8 2 .6 0.8 11 .1 03 0 .0 2 .7 31 .6 

1997 0 .0 3 .6 8 .0 2 .6 2 .0 2 .9 0.9 12 .8 03 0 .1 12 34 .6 

1998 0 .0 3 .8 7 .7 2 .7 2 .2 3 .0 1 .0 13 .5 0 .3 0 .1 2 .2 36 .5 

1999 0 .1 4.3 8 .7 2 .8 2 .4 3 .2 1 .1 14 .8 0 .3 0 .1 1 .4 39 .1 

2000 0 .1 4.8 9 .8 3 .4 2 .6 3 .6 1 .2 16 .4 0 .4 0 .1 1 .5 43 .8 

2001 0 .0 4.8 8 .9 1 .5 2 .3 3 .0 1 .0 15 .0 03 0 .1 0 .0 37 .0 

2002 0 .0 4.6 8 .6 1 .5 2.2 2 .9 1 .0 14 .4 03 0 .1 0 .0 35 .6 

2003 0.0 43 8 .0 1 .4 2.1 2 .7 0 .9 13 .5 0.3 0 .1 0 .0 33 .4 

2004 0.0 4.0 7 .5 1 .3 2.0 2 .5 0 .9 12 .6 03 0 .0 0 .0 31 .1 

2005 0.0 3.7 6.9 1 .2 1 .8 2 .4 0 .8 11 .7 0.3 0.0 0 .0 28.9 

2006 0.0 3.5 6.5 1 .1 1 .7 2 .2 0 .8 10.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 26.9 

2007 0.0 32 6.0 1 .0 1 .6 2 .0 0 .7 10.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 25 .0 

2008 0.0 3.0 5 .6 1 .0 1 .5 1 .9 0 .6 9.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 23 .2 

2009 0.0 2.7 5 .0 0.9 1 .3 1 .7 0 .6 8 .5 0.2 0.0 0.0 21 .0 

2010 0.0 2.2 4.1 0.7 1 .1 1 .4 0 .5 6.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 16 .9 

2011 0.0 2.0 3 .7 0.6 1 .0 1 .2 0 .4 6.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 15 .3 

2012 0.0 1 .6 3 .0 0.5 0.8 1 .0 0 .4 5 .1 0.1 0.0 0.0 12 .6 

2013 0.0 1 .5 2.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0 .3 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 11 .6 

2014 0.0 1 .4 2.5 0.4 0 .7 0.9 0 .3 4.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 10 .5 

2015 0.0 0 .9 1 .7 03 0 .4 0.6 0 .2 2.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 7 .0 

2016 0.0 0 .9 1 .6 0.3 0 .4 0.5 0 .2 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 6 .6 

2017 0 .0 0 .8 1 .4 02 0 .4 0.5 0 .2 2.4 0.1 0.0 0 .0 5 .9 

2018 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 03 0.1 1 .4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 

2019 0 .0 0 .4 0.8 0.1 02 0.3 0 .1 1 .3 0.0 0.0 0 .0 3 .2 

2020 0 .0 0 .4 0.7 0.1 0 .2 02 0 .1 12 0.0 0.0 0 .0 3 .0 
Table B-23 

Mobile County Personal Income 

by Expenditure Category 

j Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

°" Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M Local Taxes TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

1982 6 .1 - - - - - 6.1 

1983 7 .8 - - - - - 7 .8 

1984 20 .3 - 0 .8 - - - 21 .1 

1985 27 .3 0 .3 0 .8 - - - 28. 

1986 12 .5 1 .7 - 5 .0 - - 19 .2 

1987 14 .8 - 6 .0 29 .7 - - 50.5 

1988 10 .5 - 5 .6 2 .4 1 .8 0.0 203 

`' 1989 6 .0 1 .2 0 .7 11 .7 2.3 0.1 22.1 

1990 11 .8 4 .1 8 .6 24 .8 3.4 0.1 52.8 

1991 19 .8 5 .7 11 .7 24 .0 6.1 0.1 67.4 

1992 93 4 .0 13 .9 25 .7 32.7 0.3 86 .0 

1993 9 .7 3 .0 18 .1 44 .2 353 0.7 111 .0 

1994 16 .1 0 .4 11 .9 - 55 .3 2.1 85 .7 

1995 5 .0 1 .0 6 .2 - 55 .3 1 .3 68.9 

1996 8 .5 1 .2 2 .5 - 54 .4 2.0 68.7 

1997 8 .9 3 .4 - 2 .0 612 23 77 .8 

1998 72 1 .8 0 .5 - 66 .7 3.3 79 .4 

1999 9.1 0 .4 2 .0 2 .0 72 .6 3.5 89 .7 

2000 4.9 1 .6 2 .0 - 78 .1 3.8 90.4 

2001 2.2 - 0 .5 - 77 .7 3.9 84 .2 

2002 - - - - 75 .2 4.0 79 .1 

2003 2.2 - 0 .5 - 71 .9 4.1 78 .7 

2004 - - - - 68 .2 4.2 72 .4 

2005 - - - - 63 .7 4.1 67 .8 

2006 - - - - 59 .1 4.0 63 .1 

2007 - - - - 53 .7 3 .8 57 .6 

2008 - - - - 50.5 3 .8 54 .3 

2009 - - - - 43 .0 3 .0 45 .9 

2010 - - - - 36.0 2 .6 38 .6 

2011 - - - - 333 2 .6 35 .9 

2012 - - - - 29.6 2 .5 32 .1 

2013 - - - - 27 .4 2 .5 29.9 

2014 - - - - 253 2 .4 27 .7 

2015 - - - - 20.9 2 .3 23 .2 

2016 - - - - 16.7 2 .1 18 .9 

2017 - - - - 15 .4 2.1 17 .5 

2018 - - - - 12.4 2 .1 14 .4 

b 2019 - - - - 11 .6 2 .0 13 .6 

2020 - - - - 10 .9 2 .0 12 .9 
i..~ 

O 

n 0 

a 

n 

0 

O 

n 

Table B-24 

Mobile County Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs. . Ag., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 1 .2 2 .4 0 .1 2.0 0 .0 0 .5 6 .1 

1983 1 .5 3 .0 0.1 2.5 0.1 0 .6 7 .8 

1984 4.2 7 .9 0.4 6 .8 0.2 1 .7 21 .1 

1985 5 .6 10 .6 0.6 9.1 0.2 2 .2 283 

1986 3.8 4.9 2.9 5 .8 0.1 1 .7 19 .2 

1987 11 .6 5 .7 143 13 .9 0.4 4.6 50 .5 

1988 5 .2 43 2.9 6 .1 02 1 .7 20 .3 

1989 4.2 2.6 63 6 .7 0.2 2.0 22 .1 

1990 12 .5 5 .1 15 .1 14 .9 0.4 4.8 52 .8 

1991 15 .9 8 .5 16 .8 19 .7 0.6 5 .9 67 .4 

1992 16 .0 7 .9 23 .8 30 .0 0.9 7 .5 86 .0 

1993 21 .6 8 .3 32.9 37 .0 13 9.8 111 .0 

1994 11 .1 13 .4 16 .5 35 .6 2.1 6.9 85 .7 

1995 6 .5 9.1 15 .3 30 .9 1 .5 5 .6 68 .9 

1996 5 .4 103 143 31 .1 1 .9 5 .6 68 .7 

1997 5 .5 11 .4 17 .1 353 2 .2 6 .4 77 .8 

1998 4 .9 11 .4 17 .1 36.7 2 .9 6 .5 79.4 

1999 6 .3 12 .9 193 40.8 3 .1 73 89.7 

2000 5 .6 12 .0 20.1 42.0 33 7 .3 90.4 

2001 3 .9 10 .9 19 .1 40.2 33 6 .8 842 

2002 3 .2 9 .7 183 38.2 33 6 .4 79.1 

2003 3 .7 10 .1 17 .7 37.4 3 .5 6 .4 78 .7 

2004 2.9 8 .8 16 .7 34.8 3 .4 5 .9 72 .4 

2005 2.7 8 .2 15 .6 32.5 3 .3 5 .5 67 .8 

2006 2.5 7 .6 14 .4 30 .2 3 .2 5 .1 63 .1 

2007 2.3 6 .9 132 27.5 3 .1 4 .7 57 .6 

2008 2.1 6 .5 12 .4 25.8 3 .0 4 .4 54 .3 

2009 1 .8 5 .6 10 .5 21 .9 2 .4 3 .7 45.9 

2010 1 .5 4 .7 8 .8 18 .4 2 .1 3 .1 38 .6 

2011 1 .4 43 8 .2 17 .1 2 .1 2 .9 35 .9 

2012 13 3 .8 73 15 .2 2 .0 2 .6 32 .1 

2013 1 .2 3 .5 6 .7 14 .1 1 .9 2 .4 29 .9 

2014 1 .1 3 .3 62 13 .0 1 .9 2.2 27 .7 

2015 0 .9 2 .7 5 .2 10 .8 1 .8 1 .9 232 

2016 0J 22 4.1 8 .7 1 .6 1 .5 18 .9 

2017 0J 2 .0 3 .8 8 .1 1 .6 1 .4 17 .5 

2018 0.5 1 .6 3 .1 6.5 1 .5 1 .2 14 .4 

2019 0.5 1 .5 2.9 6.1 1 .5 1 .1 13 .6 

2020 0.5 1 .4 2.7 5.8 1 .4 1 .0 12 .9 
Table B-25 

Mobile County Personal Income 

by Economic Sector 

j Resulting from All Activities 

-- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

Sj OK 

Agriculture O&G Const Manuf Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drillin g TOTAL . . 

Extraction 

A 

1982 0.0 - 0.1 1 .2 0.3 0.5 0 .1 1 .5 0 .0 0 .0 2 .4 6 .1 

1983 0.0 - 0.1 1 .5 0.4 0.6 0 .2 1 .9 0 .1 0.0 3 .0 7 .8 

1984 0 0 0.0 0.4 4.2 1 .1 1 .7 0 .5 5 .1 0 .2 0.0 7 .9 21 .1 

1985 

. 

0 .0 0.0 0.6 5 .6 1 .5 2.2 0.7 6 .8 0 .2 0.0 10.6 28 .3 

1986 0 .0 0.0 2.9 3.8 0.9 1 .7 0.5 4 .4 0 .1 0.0 4.9 19 .2 

1987 0 .1 0.0 143 11 .6 1 .8 4.6 1 .2 10 .6 0 .4 0.1 5 .7 50 .5 

1988 0 .0 0.2 2.9 52 0.9 1 .7 0.5 4.6 0 .2 0.0 4.1 203 

`' 1989 0 .0 03 6.3 4.2 0 .9 2.0 0.6 5 .2 0.2 0.0 23 22 .1 

1990 0 .1 0.5 15 .1 12 .5 1 .9 4.8 1 .3 11 .5 0.4 0.1 4.6 52 .8 

1991 0 .1 0.8 16 .8 15 .9 2 .6 59 1 .7 15 .2 0.6 0.1 7 .7 67 .4 

1992 0 .1 4.2 23.8 16 .0 3 .8 7 .5 2.2 23 .8 0.9 0.1 3.6 86.0 

1993 02 4.6 32 .9 21 .6 4 .6 9.8 2.8 29.2 1 .3 0.2 3.8 111 .0 

1994 0 .1 7 .2 16 .5 11 .1 4 .7 6.9 23 28.4 2.1 0 .1 6 .2 85 .7 

1995 0 .1 7 .1 153 6 .5 4 .0 5 .6 1 .9 24.9 1 .5 0 .1 1 .9 68 .9 

1996 0 .1 7 .0 143 5 .4 4 .0 5 .6 1 .9 25.0 1 .9 0 .1 3 .3 68 .7 

1997 0.1 7 .9 17 .1 5 .5 4 .5 6 .4 2.1 283 2.2 0 .1 3 .4 77 .8 

1998 0.1 8 .6 17 .1 4 .9 4 .7 6 .5 22 29.6 2.9 0 .1 2 .8 79 .4 

1999 0.1 9 .4 19 .3 6.3 53 7 .3 2.5 32 .8 3.1 0 .1 3 .5 89 .7 

2000 0.1 10.1 20.1 5 .6 5 .4 73 2.5 33 .9 3.3 0 .1 1 .9 90 .4 

2001 0.1 10.0 19 .1 3 .9 5 .1 6 .8 2.3 32 .5 3 .3 0 .1 0 .8 84 .2 

2002 0.1 9.7 18 .3 3 .2 4.8 6 .4 2 .2 30 .9 3 .3 0 .1 - 79 .1 

2003 0.1 9.3 17 .7 3 .7 4.7 6 .4 2 .2 30 .2 3 .5 0 .1 0 .8 78 .7 

2004 0 .1 8.8 16 .7 2.9 4.4 5 .9 2 .0 28 .1 3 .4 0.1 - 72 .4 

2005 0 .1 8.2 15 .6 2.7 4.1 5 .5 1 .9 26 .3 3 .3 0.1 - 67 .8 

2006 0 .1 7.6 14 .4 2.5 3 .8 5 .1 1 .8 24 .4 32 0.1 - 63 .1 

2007 0 .1 6.9 13 .2 2.3 3 .5 4.7 1 .6 222 3 .1 0.1 - 57 .6 

2008 0 .1 6.5 12 .4 2.1 3 .3 4.4 1 .5 20.9 3 .0 0.1 - 543 

2009 0 .1 5.6 10 .5 1 .8 2.8 3 .7 1 .3 17 .7 2 .4 0.1 - 45 .9 

2010 0 .1 4.7 8.8 1 .5 23 3 .1 1 .1 14.9 2 .1 0.1 - 38 .6 

2011 0 .1 4.3 8.2 1 .4 22 2.9 1 .0 13 .8 2 .1 0.1 - 35 .9 

2012 0 .0 3.8 73 13 1 .9 2.6 0 .9 12.3 2 .0 0.1 - 32 .1 

2013 0 .0 3.5 6.7 1 .2 1 .8 2.4 0.8 11 .4 1 .9 0.0 - 29.9 

2014 0 .0 3 .3 62 1 .1 1 .6 2.2 0.8 10 .5 1 .9 0.0 - 27.7 

2015 0 .0 2.7 52 0 .9 1 .4 1 .9 0.7 8.7 1 .8 0.0 - 23 .2 

2016 0 .0 2 .2 4.1 0 .7 1 .1 1 .5 0.5 7.0 1 .6 0.0 - 18 .9 

2017 0.0 2.0 3.8 0.7 1 .0 1 .4 0.5 6.5 1 .6 0.0 - 17 .5 

2018 0.0 1 .6 3.1 0.5 0.8 1 .2 0.4 5.3 1 .5 0.0 - 14 .4 

2019 0.0 1 .5 2.9 0.5 0.8 1 .1 0.4 49 1 .5 0.0 - 13 .6 

2020 0.0 1 .4 17 0 .5 0.7 1 .0 0.4 4.7 1 .4 0.0 - 12 .9 
Table B-26 

Mobile County Personal Income 

ti by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production - 

Exa/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M Local Taxes TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

1982 - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - - 

1985 - - - - - 

1986 - - - - - - 

1987 - - - - - - 

1988 - - - - - 

1989 - - - - - - 

1990 - - - - - - 

1991 - - - - - - 

1992 - - - - - - - 

1993 - - - - - - - 

1994 1 .8 - - - - - 1 .8 

1995 0.9 - - - - - 0.9 

1996 0.9 - - - - - 0.9 

1997 - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - 

1999 3.2 - 2 .0 2 .0 - - 73 

2000 6.4 2.4 7 .9 2 .0 - - 18 .8 

2001 4.5 1 .7 2 .2 - 6.5 - 14 .9 

2002 33 0 .1 1 .9 - 12 .4 - 17 .7 

2003 1 .8 0 .1 1 .9 - 15 .2 - 19 .1 

2004 - - - - 17 .0 - 17 .0 

C~ 2005 - - - - 16 .9 - 16 .9 

A 2006 - - - - 16 .9 - 16 .9 

2007 - - - - 16 .9 - 16 .9 

2008 - - - - 17 .0 - 17 .0 

2009 - - - - 16 .9 - 16 .9 

o- 2010 - - - - 16 .9 - 16 .9 

2011 - - - - 11 .6 - 11 .6 

Q 2012 - - - - 10 .2 - 10 .2 

2013 - - - - 9.0 - 9.0 

p 2014 - - - - 7 .9 - 7 .9 

0 2015 - - - - 7.0 - 7 .0 

2016 - - - - 6 .5 - 6 .5 

2017 - - - - 5.6 - 5.6 

2018 5.1 - 5.1 

2019 - - - - 4 .5 - 4 .5 

2020 - - - - 42 - 4 .2 
Table B-27 

o Mobile County Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

j Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production - 

p OK 

Q" Manufacturing 08G Construction Svcs., Ag ., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 - - - - 

1983 - - - - 

1984 - - - - - 

n . 1985 - - - - 

1986 - - - - - - 

1987 

n 1988 - - - - - - - 

`' 1989 - - - 

1990 - - - - - - - 

1991 - - - 

1992 - - - - 

1993 - - - - 

1994 03 0 .7 0 .0 0.6 0.0 0 .1 1 .8 

1995 0.2 0 .3 0 .0 0 .3 0.0 0 .l 0.9 

1996 0.2 03 0 .0 03 0.0 0 .1 0.9 

1997 - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - - 

1999 2.0 1 .2 1 .4 2 .0 0.1 0.6 73 

2000 6.0 2 .5 3 .7 4.9 0.1 1 .6 18 .8 

2001 2.6 2 .6 2 .8 5 .6 0.1 1 .2 14 .9 

2002 2.l 2.9 3 .5 7 .7 0.1 1 .4 17 .7 

2003 1 .9 2.7 4.2 8 .6 02 1 .6 19 .1 

2004 0.7 2.2 4.1 8 .5 0 .2 1 .4 17 .0 

2005 0.7 2.2 4.1 8 .4 0 .2 l .4 16 .9 

2006 0.7 2.2 4.1 8 .4 0 .2 1 .4 16 .9 

2007 0.7 2.2 4.1 8 .4 0 .2 1 .4 16 .9 

2008 0.7 2.2 4.1 8 .5 0 .2 1 .4 17 .0 

2009 0.7 2.2 4.1 8 .4 0 .2 1 .4 16 .9 

2010 0 .7 2.2 4.1 8 .4 0 .2 1 .4 16 .9 

2011 0 .5 1 .5 2.8 5 .8 0 .1 0 .9 11 .6 

2012 0 .4 13 2.4 5 .1 0 .l 0 .8 10 .2 

2013 0 .4 1 .2 2 .2 4.5 0 .l 0 .7 9 .0 

2014 03 lA 1 .9 3 .9 0 .1 0 .6 7 .9 

2015 0.3 0 .9 1 .7 3 .5 0 .1 0 .6 7 .0 

2016 03 0 .8 1 .6 3 .2 0 .1 0 .5 6 .5 

2017 0.2 0 .7 1 .4 2.8 0 .1 0 .5 5 .6 

2018 0.2 0 .7 1 .2 2.5 0 .0 0 .4 5 .1 

2019 02 0 .6 1 .1 22 0 .0 0 .4 4 .5 

2020 02 0.5 1 .0 2.1 0.0 0.3 4 .2 
Table B-28 

Mobile County Personal Income 

A by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production - 

OK 

Agriculture O&G ConDD. Manuf. Trans p . Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 - - 

1983 - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - 

1985 - - - - - 

1986 - - - - 

1987 - - - - - - - 

1988 - - - 

1989 

1990 - - - - - - - - 

1991 - 

1992 - - - - - - 

1993 - - - - - - - - - 

1994 0 .0 - 0.0 0 .3 O .1 O .1 0.0 0 .4 0.0 0 .0 0 .7 1 .8 

1995 0 .0 - 0.0 0 .2 0 .0 0 .1 0.0 0 .2 0.0 0 .0 03 0 .9 

1996 0 .0 - 0.0 0 .2 0 .0 0 .1 0.0 0 .2 0 .0 0 .0 03 0 .9 

1997 - - - - - 

1998 - - - - 

1999 0 .0 0.0 1 .4 2 .0 0.3 0.6 0.2 1 .5 0 .1 0 .0 1 .2 73 

2000 0 .0 0.0 3 .7 6.0 0.7 1 .6 0 .4 3 .7 0 .1 0 .0 2 .5 18 .8 

2001 0 .0 0.8 2.8 2 .6 0.8 1 .2 0 .4 4 .4 0 .1 0 .0 1 .8 14 .9 

2002 0 .0 1 .6 3 .5 2 .1 1 .0 1 .4 0 .5 6.1 0 .1 0 .0 1 .3 17 .7 

2003 0.0 2.0 4.2 1 .9 1 .1 1 .6 0 .5 6.9 02 0 .0 0 .7 19.1 

2004 0.0 2.2 4.1 0.7 1 .1 1 .4 0 .5 6.9 0.2 0 .0 - 17 .0 

C~ 2005 0.0 2.2 4.1 0.7 1 .1 1 .4 0 .5 6.8 0.2 0 .0 - 16 .9 

2006 0.0 2.2 4.1 0.7 1 .1 1 .4 0 .5 6.8 0.2 0 .0 - 16 .9 

2007 0.0 2.2 4.1 0.7 1 .1 1 .4 0 .5 6.8 0.2 OA 16 .9 

2008 0.0 2.2 4.1 0.7 1 .1 1 .4 0 .5 6.9 0.2 0 .0 - 17 .0 

2009 0 0 2.2 4.1 0.7 1 .1 1 .4 0 .5 6.8 0.2 0 .0 - 16 .9 

p. 2010 

. 

0.0 2.2 4.1 0.7 1 .1 1 .4 0 .5 6.8 0.2 0 .0 16 .9 

2011 0 0 1 5 2.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 03 4.7 0.1 0 .0 - 11 .6 

S~ 2012 

. 

0 .0 

. 

1 .3 2.4 0.4 0 .6 0.8 03 4.1 0.1 0.0 - 10 .2 

2013 0 .0 1 .2 2.2 0.4 0 .6 0 .7 03 3 .7 0.1 0.0 - 9 .0 

0 2014 0 .0 1 .0 1 .9 0.3 0 .5 0 .6 0 .2 3 .2 0.1 0.0 - 7 .9 

O 2015 0 .0 0 .9 1 .7 0.3 0 .4 0 .6 0 .2 2.9 O.1 0.0 - 7 .0 

2016 0 .0 0 .8 1 .6 0 .3 0 .4 0 .5 02 2.6 0.1 0.0 - 6 .5 

2017 0 .0 0 .7 1 .4 0 .2 0 .4 0 .5 0 .2 2.3 0.1 0.0 - 5 .6 

2018 0 .0 0 .7 1 .2 0 .2 03 0 .4 O .1 2.1 0.0 0.0 - 5 .1 

2019 0 .0 0 .6 1 .1 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0 .1 1 .8 0.0 0.0 - 4 .5 

n 

2020 0.0 0.5 1 .0 02 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 .7 0.0 0.0 - 42 
Table B-29 

Alabama Employment 

by Industry Group 

p Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Alabama State Production - 

sj OK 

°V Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Aa. . Government Trade TOTAL 

a Extraction TPU . FIRE 

p 1982 - - - - 

0 1983 - - - - 

1984 - - - - - 0 1985 43 .2 1 .6 56.0 473.4 1,662 .8 283.0 2,519 .9 

1986 61 .7 2.2 80.0 676.4 2,376 .2 404.4 3,601 .0 

txl 1987 59 .6 2.2 77.3 653.1 2,2943 390.5 3,476 .9 

1988 57 .7 2.1 74.9 633 .0 2,223 .4 378 .4 3,369 .5 

1989 61 .4 2.2 79.7 673 .5 2,365 .7 402.6 3,585 .1 

1990 54.9 2.0 71 .2 601 .7 2,113 .5 359.7 3,203 .0 

1991 57.2 2.1 74.2 627 .2 2,203 .4 375 .0 3,339 .1 

1992 54.0 2.0 70.0 591 .9 2,079 .1 353 .8 3,150 .8 

1993 59.5 2.2 77 .2 652 .6 2,292 .3 390.1 3,473 .8 

1994 60.9 2.2 79 .0 668 .0 2,346 .4 3993 3,555 .8 

1995 58.0 2.1 75 .2 635 .8 2,233 .3 380.1 3,384 .5 

1996 63 .9 2.3 83 .0 701 .1 2,462 .8 419.2 3,732 .3 

1997 68.0 2.5 88 .3 745 .8 2,619 .8 445 .9 3,970 .1 

1998 71 .4 2.6 92.6 782 .5 2,748 .7 467.8 4,165 .6 

1999 75.5 2 .7 97.9 827 .5 2,906 .9 494.7 4,405 .3 

2000 80.0 2 .9 103 .8 877 .4 3,082 .0 524.5 4,670 .6 

2001 83 .6 3 .0 108 .4 916 .4 3,219.1 547.9 4,8783 

2002 76 .1 2 .8 98 .7 834 .2 2,930.4 498.7 4,440 .9 

2003 79 .8 2 .9 103 .5 875 .0 3,073 .8 523.1 4,658 .2 

2004 82 .8 3 .0 107 .5 908 .5 3,191 .2 543.1 4,836 .1 

2005 85 .5 3 .1 111 .0 937 .7 3,294.0 560.6 4,991 .9 

2006 87 .8 3 .2 114.0 963 .1 3,383 .0 575.8 5,126 .8 

2007 89 .5 33 116.1 981 .4 3,447 .4 586.7 5,224 .4 

2008 91 .8 3 .3 119.1 1,006 .4 3,535 .2 601 .7 5,357 .5 

2009 92 .5 3 .4 120 .1 1,014 .9 3,565 .0 606.7 5,402 .6 

2010 93 .6 3 .4 121 .5 1,026 .9 3,607 .1 613.9 5,466.4 

2011 95 .1 3 .5 123 .5 1,043 .4 3,665 .3 623.8 5,554.7 

2012 96 .6 3 .5 1253 1,059 .0 3,719 .9 633.1 5,637.4 

2013 97 .9 3 .6 127 .0 1,073 .6 3,771 .1 641 .8 5,715 .0 

2014 99.2 3 .6 128 .7 1,087 .7 3,820 .7 650.2 5,790 .0 

2015 100.4 3 .6 130 .3 1,101 .2 3,868 .1 658.3 5,861 .9 

2016 100.2 3 .6 130 .1 1,0992 3,861 .2 657.1 5,851 .4 

2017 101 .1 3 .7 131 .3 1,109 .3 3,896 .5 663 .1 5,905 .0 

2018 102 .0 3 .7 132 .4 1,118 .6 3,929 .3 668 .7 5,954 .7 

2019 102 .9 3 .7 133 .5 1,128 .0 3,962 .5 674 .4 6,005 .0 

2020 103 .7 3 .8 134 .6 1,137 .2 3,994 .8 679 .9 6,054 .0 
Table B-30 

Alabama Employment 

Ch by Economic Sector 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Alabama State Production - 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf . Transp. Trade 

Extraction 

1982 - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - 

1985 22 .2 1 .6 56.0 43 .2 343 283.0 

1986 31 .7 2 .2 80.0 61 .7 49.1 404.4 

1987 30 .6 2 .2 77.3 59.6 47.4 390.5 

1988 29 .7 2.1 74.9 57.7 45.9 378.4 

1989 31 .6 2.2 79.7 61 .4 48.8 402.6 

1990 28 .2 2.0 71 .2 54.9 43.6 359.7 

1991 29 .4 2.1 74.2 57.2 45.5 375.0 

1992 27 .8 2.0 70.0 54.0 42.9 353.8 

1993 30.6 2.2 77.2 59.5 47.3 390.1 

1994 31 .3 2.2 79.0 60.9 48 .4 399.3 

1995 29.8 2.1 75 .2 58 .0 46 .1 380.1 

1996 32.9 23 83 .0 63 .9 50 .8 419.2 

1997 35 .0 2.5 88 .3 68 .0 54 .1 445.9 

1998 36.7 2.6 92.6 71 .4 56 .7 467.8 

1999 38.8 2.7 97.9 75 .5 60 .0 494.7 

2000 41 .1 2.9 103 .8 80 .0 63 .6 524 .5 

2001 43.0 3.0 108 .4 83 .6 66 .5 547 .9 

2002 39.1 2.8 98 .7 76 .1 60 .5 498 .7 

2003 41 .0 2.9 103 .5 79 .8 63 .5 523 .1 

2004 42.6 3 .0 107 .5 82 .8 65 .9 543 .1 

2005 44.0 3 .1 111 .0 85 .5 68 .0 560.6 

2006 45.2 3 .2 114 .0 87 .8 69.8 575 .8 

, 2007 46.0 3 .3 116 .1 89 .5 71 .2 586.7 

2008 47.2 3 .3 119 .1 91 .8 73 .0 601 .7 

2009 47.6 3 .4 120 .1 92 .5 73 .6 606.7 

a 2010 48.2 3 .4 121 .5 93 .6 74.5 613 .9 

2011 48 .9 3 .5 123 .5 95 .1 75 .7 623 .8 

p 2012 49 .7 3 .5 1253 96.6 76.8 633.1 

t~1 2013 50 .3 3 .6 127 .0 97.9 77.9 641 .8 

0 2014 51 .0 3 .6 128 .7 992 78.9 650.2 

p 2015 51 .6 3 .6 130.3 100 .4 79.9 6583 

2016 51 .6 3 .6 130.1 1002 79.7 657.1 

2017 52 .0 3 .7 131 .3 101 .1 80 .4 663.1 

2018 52 .5 3 .7 132.4 102 .0 81 .1 668.7 

2019 52 .9 3 .7 133 .5 102 .9 81 .8 674.4 

2020 53 .3 3 .8 134 .6 103 .7 82 .5 679.9 

F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. TOTAL 

67.0 334.7 1,662 .8 15 .2 2,519 .9 

95.7 4783 2,376 .2 21 .7 3,601 .0 

92.4 461 .8 2,294 .3 21 .0 3,476 .9 

89 .5 447.5 2,223 .4 20.3 3,369 .5 

953 476.1 2,365 .7 21 .6 3,585 .1 

85 .1 425 .4 2,113 .5 19.3 3,203 .0 

88 .7 443 .5 2,203 .4 20.1 3,339 .1 

83 .7 418 .5 2,079.1 19 .0 3,150 .8 

923 461 .4 2,292.3 21 .0 3,473 .8 

94.5 4723 2,346.4 21 .4 3,555 .8 

89 .9 449.5 2,2333 20.4 3,384 .5 

99 .2 495 .7 2,462 .8 22.5 3,7323 

105 .5 527.3 2,619 .8 23.9 3,970.1 

110 .7 553 .2 2,748 .7 25.1 4,165 .6 

117 .1 585 .1 2,906 .9 26.6 4,405 .3 

124 .1 6203 3,082 .0 28.2 4,670.6 

129 .6 647.9 3,219 .1 29.4 4,8783 

118 .0 589.8 2,930 .4 26.8 4,440 .9 

123 .8 618.7 3,073 .8 28.1 4,658 .2 

128 .5 6423 3,191 .2 29.2 4,836 .1 

132.7 663.0 3,294 .0 30.1 4,991 .9 

136.2 680.9 3,383 .0 30.9 5,126 .8 

138.8 693.9 3,447 .4 31 .5 5,224 .4 

142.4 711 .5 3,535 .2 323 5,357 .5 

143 .6 717 .5 3,565 .0 32 .6 5,402 .6 

145 .3 726 .0 3,607 .1 33 .0 5,466 .4 

147 .6 737 .7 3,665 .3 33 .5 5,554 .7 

149 .8 748 .7 3,719 .9 34.0 5,637 .4 

151 .9 759 .0 3,771 .1 34.5 5,715 .0 

153 .9 769 .0 3,820.7 34.9 5,790 .0 

155 .8 778 .5 3,868 .1 35 .4 5,861 .9 

155 .5 777 .1 3,8612 35 .3 5,851 .4 

156 .9 784 .3 3,896.5 35 .6 5,905 .0 

158 .2 790 .9 3,929 .3 35 .9 5,954 .7 

159 .6 797 .5 3,962 .5 36.2 6,005 .0 

160 .9 804 .0 3,994 .8 36.5 6,054 .0 
n O 

a 

A 

n 

0 

O 

n' 

n 

V 

Table B-31 

Alabama Population 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Alabama State Production - 

TOTAL 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 5,005 .5 

1986 7,153 .1 

1987 6,906 .5 

1988 6,6933 

1989 7,121 .6 

1990 6,362 .5 

1991 6,632 .8 

1992 6,258 .7 

1993 6,900 .5 

1994 7,063 .4 

1995 6,723 .0 

1996 7,414 .0 

1997 7,8863 

1998 8,274 .6 

1999 8,750 .8 

2000 9,277 .8 

2001 9,690 .4 

2002 8,821 .5 

2003 9,253 .1 

2004 9,606 .6 

2005 9,916.0 

2006 10,183 .9 

2007 10,377 .9 

2008 10,642.2 

2009 10,731 .9 

2010 10,858.5 

2011 11,033 .9 

2012 11,198.2 

2013 11,352.3 

2014 11,501 .4 

2015 11,644 .2 

2016 11,6233 

2017 11,729 .8 

2018 11,828 .5 

2019 11,928 .4 

2020 12,025 .8 
w 

n O 

a 

a 

a 

n7 

0 

O 

n 

Table B-32 

Alabama Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

-- Mobile OCS Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Ag., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU . FIRE 

1982 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1983 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1984 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1985 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1986 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1987 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1988 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1989 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1990 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1991 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1992 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1993 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0.5 1 .8 0.3 2.7 

1994 0.1 0.0 0 .1 1 .2 4 .3 0.7 6.5 

1995 0.2 0.0 0 .3 2.2 7 .6 1 .3 11 .5 

1996 0.3 0.0 0 .3 2.7 9 .7 1 .6 14 .6 

1997 0.4 0.0 0 .5 3 .9 13 .7 2.3 20.7 

1998 0.6 0.0 0 .7 6 .2 21 .7 3.7 32.9 

1999 0.8 0.0 1 .0 8 .8 30.8 5.2 46.7 

2000 1 .1 0.0 1 .4 11 .7 41 .3 7.0 62.5 

2001 1 .3 0.0 1 .7 14 .8 51 .9 8.8 78.7 

2002 1 .6 0.1 2 .1 17 .8 62.5 10 .6 94.7 

2003 1 .9 0.1 2 .5 20 .7 72.9 12 .4 110 .4 

2004 2.1 0.1 2 .8 23 .6 82.8 14 .1 125 .5 

2005 2.4 0.1 3 .1 26.3 923 15 .7 139 .8 

2006 2.6 0 .1 3 .4 28 .8 101 .2 17 .2 153 .4 

2007 2.8 0 .1 3 .7 31 .2 109 .7 18 .7 166 .2 

2008 3.1 0 .1 4 .0 33 .5 117 .7 20.0 178 .4 

2009 3.3 0 .1 4 .2 35 .7 125 .4 213 190 .1 

2010 3.4 0 .1 4 .5 37.8 132 .6 22 .6 201 .0 

2011 3 .6 0 .1 4.6 39.2 137 .5 23 .4 208 .4 

2012 3 .7 0 .1 4.8 40.4 141 .8 24 .1 215 .0 

2013 3 .8 0 .1 4.9 41 .5 145 .7 24 .8 220 .8 

2014 3 .9 0 .1 5 .0 42.5 149 .3 25 .4 226 .3 

2015 4 .0 0 .1 5 .1 43 .5 152 .9 26 .0 231 .6 

2016 4 .1 0 .1 5 .3 44.5 156 .2 26 .6 236.7 

2017 4 .1 02 5 .4 45 .4 159 .4 27 .1 241 .6 

2018 4 .2 0 .2 5 .5 46.2 162 .3 27 .6 246.0 

2019 42 0.2 5 .5 46.5 163 .4 27 .8 247 .6 

2020 4 .3 02 5 .5 46.8 164 .4 28 .0 249.1 
n O 

A 

oQ 

A 

n 

0 

0 

n 

b 

w 

b 

Table B-33 

Alabama Employment 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Mobile OCS Production - 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf . Transa. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1983 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1984 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1985 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 

1986 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 

1987 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 

1988 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 

1989 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 

1990 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 

1991 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 

1992 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 

1993 0 .0 0 .0 0.1 0.0 0.0 03 0.1 0 .4 1 .8 0 .0 2.7 

1994 0 .1 0 .0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 .7 0.2 0 .9 4 .3 0 .0 6 .5 

1995 0 .1 0 .0 0.3 0.2 0.2 13 03 1 .5 7 .6 0 .1 11 .5 

1996 0 .1 0 .0 03 03 0.2 1 .6 0.4 1 .9 9 .7 0 .1 14 .6 

1997 02 0 .0 0.5 0.4 0.3 23 0.6 2 .8 13 .7 0 .1 20.7 

1998 0 .3 0 .0 0.7 0.6 0.4 3 .7 0.9 4 .4 21 .7 0 .2 32.9 

1999 0 .4 0 .0 1 .0 0.8 0 .6 5 .2 1 .2 6 .2 30.8 0 .3 46.7 

2000 0 .6 0 .0 1 .4 1 .1 0 .9 7 .0 1 .7 83 41 .3 0 .4 62 .5 

2001 0 .7 0 .0 1 .7 1 .3 1 .1 8 .8 2.1 10 .5 51 .9 0 .5 78 .7 

2002 0 .8 0 .1 2.1 1 .6 1 .3 10 .6 2.5 12 .6 62 .5 0 .6 94 .7 

2003 1 .0 0 .1 2.5 1 .9 1 .5 12 .4 2.9 14 .7 72.9 0 .7 110 .4 

2004 1 .1 0.1 2.8 2.1 1 .7 14 .1 3 .3 16 .7 82.8 0 .8 125 .5 

2005 1 .2 0.1 3.1 2.4 1 .9 15 .7 3 .7 18 .6 92.3 0 .8 139 .8 

2006 1 .4 0.1 3.4 2.6 2 .1 17 .2 4.1 20 .4 101 .2 0 .9 153 .4 

2007 1 .5 0.1 3.7 2.8 2 .3 18 .7 4 .4 22 .1 109 .7 1 .0 166 .2 

2008 1 .6 0.1 4.0 3 .1 2 .4 20 .0 4 .7 23 .7 117 .7 1 .1 178 .4 

2009 1 .7 0.1 4.2 3 .3 2 .6 21 .3 5 .1 25 .2 125 .4 1 .1 190.1 

2010 1 .8 0.1 4.5 3.4 2 .7 22 .6 53 26.7 132 .6 1 .2 201 .0 

2011 1 .8 0.1 4.6 3.6 2 .8 23 .4 5 .5 27.7 137 .5 13 208 .4 

2012 1 .9 0.1 4.8 3.7 2 .9 24 .1 5 .7 28 .6 141 .8 1 .3 215 .0 

2013 1 .9 0.1 4.9 3 .8 3 .0 24 .8 5 .9 29.3 145 .7 1 .3 220.8 

2014 2.0 0.1 5 .0 3 .9 3 .1 25 .4 6 .0 30.1 149 .3 1 .4 226.3 

2015 2.0 0.1 5 .1 4.0 3 .2 26 .0 6 .2 30.8 152 .9 1 .4 231 .6 

2016 2.1 0.1 53 4.1 3 .2 26 .6 6 .3 31 .4 156 .2 1 .4 236.7 

2017 2.1 0.2 5 .4 4.1 3 .3 27 .1 6 .4 32.1 159 .4 1 .5 241 .6 

2018 2.2 0.2 5 .5 42 3 .4 27 .6 6 .5 32.7 162 .3 1 .5 246.0 

2019 22 02 5 .5 42 3 .4 27 .8 6 .6 32.9 163 .4 1 .5 247.6 

2020 22 0.2 5 .5 4.3 3 .4 28 .0 6 .6 33 .1 164 .4 1 .5 249.1 
0 

Table B-34 

Alabama Population 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Mobile OCS Production 

TOTAL 

n 0 

Q 

Q 

a 

n O 

0 

n 

1982 0 .0 

1983 0 .0 

1984 0 .0 

1985 0 .0 

1986 0 .0 

1987 0 .0 

1988 0 .0 

1989 0 .0 

1990 0 .0 

1991 0 .0 

1992 0 .0 

1993 5 .4 

1994 12 .9 

1995 22 .8 

1996 29 .1 

1997 41 .2 

1998 65 .4 

1999 92 .7 

2000 124 .2 

2001 156 .3 

2002 188 .1 

2003 219 .4 

2004 249 .3 

2005 277 .7 

2006 304 .6 

2007 330 .2 

2008 354 .5 

2009 377 .5 

2010 3993 

2011 414 .1 

2012 427 .0 

2013 438 .6 

2014 449 .6 

2015 460 .1 

2016 470 .2 

2017 479 .9 

2018 488 .7 

2019 491 .8 

2020 494 .8 
n O 

a 

a 

n 

0 

n 

A 

OK 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Manufacturing 

43 .2 

61 .7 

59.6 

57.7 

61 .4 

54.9 

57.2 

54.0 

59.5 

61 .0 

58 .2 

64.2 

68 .4 

71 .9 

76.3 

81 .1 

84 .9 

77 .7 

81 .7 

85 .0 

87 .9 

90 .4 

923 

94 .8 

95 .8 

97 .1 

98 .7 

100 .2 

101 .7 

103 .1 

104 .4 

104 .3 

105 .3 

1062 

107 .1 

108 .0 

Table B-35 

Alabama Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

O&G Construction 

Extraction 

1 .6 56 .0 

2.2 80 .0 

2.2 773 

2.1 74 .9 

2.2 79 .7 

2.0 71 .2 

2.1 74 .2 

2.0 70.0 

2.2 77.3 

2.2 79.2 

2.1 75.5 

23 833 

2.5 88.7 

2.6 933 

2.8 99.0 

2.9 1052 

3.1 110 .2 

2.8 100 .8 

3.0 106 .0 

3.1 110 .3 

3.2 114 .1 

3.3 117 .4 

3.4 119 .8 

3.4 123 .1 

3 .5 124 .3 

3 .5 126 .0 

3 .6 128 .1 

3 .6 130 .1 

3 .7 131 .9 

3 .7 133 .7 

3 .8 135 .5 

3 .8 1353 

3 .8 136 .6 

3 .9 137 .8 

3 .9 139 .0 

39 140.1 

Svcs., Ag., Government 

TPU. FIRE 

473 .4 1,662.8 

676.4 2,376.2 

653 .1 2,2943 

633 .0 2,223 .4 

673 .5 2,365 .7 

601 .7 2,113 .5 

627 .2 2,203 .4 

591 .9 2,079 .1 

653 .1 2,294 .1 

669 .2 2,350 .7 

637 .9 2,240 .9 

703 .9 2,472 .5 

749 .7 2,633 .4 

788 .7 2,770 .5 

836 .3 2,937 .7 

889 .1 3,1233 

931 .2 3,271 .0 

852 .0 2,992 .9 

895 .8 3,146 .7 

932.0 3,274 .0 

964.0 3,386 .2 

991 .9 3,484 .2 

1,012 .6 3,557 .1 

1,039 .9 3,653 .0 

1,050 .6 3,690 .4 

1,064 .6 3,739 .7 

1,082 .6 3,802 .9 

1,099 .4 3,861 .8 

1,115 .0 3,916 .8 

1,130 .2 3,970 .0 

1,144 .7 4,020 .9 

1,143 .7 4,017 .4 

1,154 .6 4,055 .9 

1,164 .8 4,091 .6 

1,174 .6 4,125 .9 

1,184 .0 4,1592 

Trade 

283.0 

404.4 

390.5 

378.4 

402.6 

359.7 

375.0 

353.8 

390.4 

400.1 

381.4 

420.8 

448.2 

471.5 

500.0 

531.5 

556.7 

509.4 

535.5 

557.2 

576.3 

593.0 

605.4 

621.7 

628.1 

636.5 

647.2 

657.2 

666.6 

675.7 

684.3 

683.7 

690.3 

696.4 

7022 

707.9 

TOTAL 

2,519 .9 

3,601 .0 

3,476 .9 

3,369 .5 

3,585 .1 

3,203 .0 

3,339 .1 

3,150 .8 

3,476 .6 

3,562 .3 

3,396 .0 

3,747 .0 

3,990 .9 

4,198 .6 

4,451 .9 

4,733 .2 

4,957 .0 

4,535 .6 

4,768 .6 

4,961 .6 

5,131 .7 

5,280 .1 

5,390 .7 

5,535 .9 

5,592 .7 

5,667 .4 

5,763 .1 

5,852 .4 

5,935 .7 

6,016 .4 

6,093 .5 

6,088.1 

6,146.6 

6,200.7 

6,252 .6 

6,303 .1 
Table B-36 

Alabama Employment 

N by Economic Sector 

Resulting from Tax S pending 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Transa. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 - - - - - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1985 22 .2 1 .6 56.0 43.2 343 283.0 67 .0 334 .7 1,662 .8 15 .2 2,519 .9 

1986 31 .7 2.2 80.0 61 .7 49.1 404.4 95.7 4783 2,376 .2 21 .7 3,601 .0 

1987 30.6 2.2 773 59.6 47.4 390.5 92.4 461 .8 2,294.3 21 .0 3,476 .9 

1988 29.7 2.1 74.9 57.7 45.9 378.4 89 .5 447 .5 2,223 .4 20.3 3,369 .5 

1989 31 .6 2.2 79.7 61 .4 48.8 402.6 953 476 .1 2,365 .7 21 .6 3,585 .1 

1990 28 .2 2.0 71 .2 54.9 43.6 359.7 85 .1 425 .4 2,113 .5 19 .3 3,203 .0 

1991 29.4 2.1 74.2 57.2 45.5 375.0 88 .7 443 .5 2,203 .4 20.1 3,339 .1 

1992 27 .8 2.0 70.0 54.0 42.9 353.8 83 .7 418 .5 2,079.1 19 .0 3,150 .8 

1993 30.6 2.2 77.3 59.5 47.4 390.4 92.4 461 .7 2,294.1 21 .0 3,476 .6 

1994 31 .4 2.2 79.2 61 .0 48.5 400.1 94.7 473 .1 2,350.7 21 .5 3,5623 

1995 29.9 2.1 75 .5 58.2 46.3 381 .4 90.2 451 .0 2,240.9 20.5 3,396 .0 

1996 33 .0 2.3 83 .3 64.2 51 .0 420.8 99.6 497 .6 2,472.5 22.6 3,747 .0 

1997 35 .2 2.5 88.7 68.4 54 .4 448.2 106 .1 530 .0 2,633 .4 24.1 3,990 .9 

1998 37 .0 2.6 933 71 .9 57 .2 471 .5 111 .6 557 .6 2,770.5 253 4,198 .6 

1999 39.2 2.8 99.0 763 60 .6 500.0 1183 5913 2,937.7 26.9 4,451 .9 

2000 41 .7 2.9 105 .2 81 .1 64 .5 531 .5 125 .8 628 .6 3,123 .3 28.5 4,733 .2 

2001 43 .7 3 .1 110.2 84.9 67 .5 556.7 131 .7 658 .4 3,271 .0 29.9 4,957 .0 

2002 40.0 2.8 100.8 77.7 61 .8 509.4 120 .5 602 .4 2,992.9 27.4 4,535 .6 

2003 42 .0 3 .0 106.0 81 .7 65 .0 535.5 126 .7 633 .3 3,146.7 28.8 4,768 .6 

2004 43.7 3 .1 1103 85.0 67 .6 557.2 131 .9 659 .0 3,274.0 29.9 4,961 .E 

2005 45 .2 3 .2 114.1 87.9 69 .9 5763 136 .4 681 .6 3,386.2 31 .0 5,131 .7 

2006 46.5 33 117.4 90.4 71 .9 593.0 140 .3 701 .3 3,484.2 31 .8 5,280 .1 

p 

, 2007 47 .5 3 .4 119.8 92.3 73 .4 605.4 1433 715 .9 3,557.1 32.5 5,390 .7 

2008 48 .8 3 .4 123 .1 94.8 75 .4 621 .7 147 .1 735 .2 3,653 .0 33 .4 5,535 .9 

2009 49.3 3 .5 1243 95.8 76 .2 628.1 148 .6 742 .8 3,690.4 33 .7 5,592 .7 

a 2010 49.9 3 .5 126.0 97.1 77 .2 636.5 150 .6 752 .7 3,739.7 34.2 5,667 .4 

2011 50.8 3 .6 128.1 98.7 78 .5 647.2 153 .1 765 .4 3,802.9 34.8 5,763 .1 

p 2012 51 .6 3 .6 130.1 100 .2 79 .7 657.2 155 .5 7773 3,861 .8 353 5,852 .4 

2013 523 3 .7 131 .9 101 .7 80 .9 666.6 157 .7 788 .3 3,916.8 35 .8 5,935 .7 

0 2014 53 .0 3 .7 133 .7 103 .1 82 .0 675.7 159 .9 799 .0 3,970.0 363 6,016 .4 

p 2015 53 .7 3 .8 135 .5 104 .4 83 .0 684.3 161 .9 809 .3 4,020.9 36.8 6,093 .5 

2016 53 .6 3 .8 135 .3 104 .3 82 .9 683.7 161 .8 808 .6 4,017.4 36.7 6,088 .1 

2017 54.2 3 .8 136.6 1053 83 .7 6903 163 .3 816 .3 4,055 .9 37.1 6,146 .6 

2018 54 .6 3 .9 137.8 1062 84 .5 696.4 164 .8 823 .5 4,091 .6 37.4 6,200 .7 

`° n 2019 55 .1 3 .9 139.0 107 .1 85 .2 702.2 1662 830 .4 4,125 .9 37.7 6,252 .6 

2020 55 .5 3 .9 140.1 108 .0 85 .9 707.9 167 .5 837 .1 4,159.2 38.0 6,303 .1 
n 

0 

A 

A 

a 

oa 

n 0 

O 

co 

n 

w 

Table B-37 

Alabama Population 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Total Coastal Alabama 

Production - 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 5,005 .5 

1986 7,153 .1 

1987 6,906 .5 

1988 6,6933 

1989 7,121 .6 

1990 6,362 .5 

1991 6,632 .8 

1992 6,258 .7 

1993 6,906 .0 

1994 7,076 .3 

1995 6,745 .9 

1996 7,443 .0 

1997 7,927 .5 

1998 8,340 .1 

1999 8,843 .4 

2000 9,402 .1 

2001 9,846 .7 

2002 9,009 .6 

2003 9,472 .5 

2004 9,855 .9 

2005 10,193 .7 

2006 10,488 .6 

2007 10,708 .1 

2008 10,996 .7 

2009 11,109 .4 

2010 11,257 .9 

2011 11,447 .9 

2012 11,625 .2 

2013 11,790 .8 

2014 11,951 .0 

2015 12,104.3 

2016 12,093 .6 

2017 12,209 .7 

2018 12,317.1 

2019 12,420.3 

2020 12,520.6 
n 0 

a 

n7 

0 

0 

co 

n 

... 

OK 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Manufacturing 

1 .4 

2 .0 

1 .9 

1 .9 

2 .0 

1 .8 

1 .8 

1 .7 

1 .9 

2 .0 

1 .9 

2 .1 

2 .2 

2 .3 

2 .4 

2 .6 

2 .7 

2 .4 

2 .6 

2 .7 

2 .7 

2 .8 

2 .9 

2 .9 

3 .0 

3 .0 

3 .1 

3 .1 

3 .1 

3 .2 

3 .2 

3 .2 

3 .2 

3 .3 

3 .3 

3 .3 

Table B-38 

Alabama Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Alabama State Production - 

0&G Construction 

Extraction 

0.1 1 .5 

0.1 2 .2 

0.1 2 .1 

0.1 2 .0 

0.1 2 .2 

0.1 1 .9 

0.1 2 .0 

0.1 1 .9 

0.1 2 .1 

0.1 2 .2 

0.1 2 .1 

0.1 23 

0.1 2 .4 

0.1 2 .5 

0.1 2 .7 

0.1 2 .8 

0.1 3 .0 

0.1 2 .7 

0.1 2 .8 

0.1 2 .9 

0.1 3 .0 

0.2 3 .1 

0.2 3 .2 

0.2 3 .3 

0.2 33 

0.2 33 

0.2 3 .4 

0.2 3 .4 

0.2 3 .5 

0.2 3 .5 

0.2 3 .6 

0.2 3 .6 

0.2 3 .6 

0.2 3 .6 

0.2 3 .6 

0.2 3.7 

Svcs. . Ag ., Government 

TPU. FIRE 

12 .0 503 

17 .2 71 .8 

16 .6 69 .4 

16 .1 67 .2 

17 .1 71 .5 

153 63 .9 

16 .0 66 .6 

15 .1 62 .9 

16 .6 69 .3 

17 .0 70 .9 

16 .2 67 .5 

17 .8 74 .5 

19 .0 79 .2 

19 .9 83 .1 

21 .1 87 .9 

22 .3 93.2 

233 973 

21 .2 88 .6 

22 .3 92.9 

23 .1 96.5 

23 .9 99.6 

24 .5 102 .3 

25 .0 104 .2 

25.6 106 .9 

25.8 107 .8 

26.1 109 .1 

26.6 110 .8 

27.0 112 .5 

273 114 .0 

27.7 115 .5 

28.0 117 .0 

28.0 116 .7 

28.2 117 .8 

28.5 118 .8 

28.7 119 .8 

28.9 120 .8 

Trade 

4.9 

7.0 

6.7 

6.5 

6.9 

62 

6.5 

6.1 

6.7 

6.9 

6.5 

7.2 

7.7 

8.1 

8.5 

9.0 

9.4 

8.6 

9.0 

9.3 

9.6 

9.9 

10.1 

10.4 

10.4 

10.6 

10.7 

10.9 

11 .0 

11 .2 

11 .3 

11 .3 

11 .4 

11 .5 

11 .6 

11 .7 

TOTAL 

70.2 

1003 

96.8 

93.9 

99.9 

89.2 

93.0 

87.8 

96.8 

99.0 

94.3 

104 .0 

110 .6 

116 .0 

122 .7 

130 .1 

135 .9 

123 .7 

129 .8 

134 .7 

139 .0 

142 .8 

145 .5 

149 .2 

150 .5 

152 .3 

154 .7 

157 .0 

159 .2 

1613 

163 .3 

163 .0 

164 .5 

165 .9 

167 .3 

168 .6 
Table B-39 

p Alabama Personal Income 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Alabama State Production - 

Q 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf . Transa. Trade 

Extraction 

1982 - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - - - 0 

0 1984 - - - - - - 

1985 03 0.1 1 .5 1 .4 1 .4 4 .9 

n' 1986 0 .5 0.1 2.2 2.0 2 .0 7 .0 

1987 0 .5 0.1 2.1 1 .9 2 .0 6 .7 

1988 0 .4 0.1 2.0 1 .9 1 .9 6 .5 

1989 0 .5 0.1 2.2 2.0 2 .0 6 .9 

1990 0 .4 0.1 1 .9 1 .8 1 .8 6 .2 

1991 0 .4 0.1 2.0 1 .8 1 .9 6 .5 

1992 0 .4 0.1 1 .9 1 .7 1 .8 6 .1 

1993 0 .5 0.1 2.1 1 .9 2 .0 6 .7 

1994 0 .5 0.1 2.2 2.0 2 .0 6 .9 

1995 0 .4 0.1 2.1 1 .9 1 .9 6 .5 

1996 0 .5 0.1 2.3 2.1 2 .1 7 .2 

1997 0 .5 0.1 2.4 2.2 23 7 .7 

1998 0 .5 0.1 2.5 23 2.4 8 .1 

1999 0 .6 0.1 2.7 2.4 2.5 8 .5 

2000 0 .6 0.1 2.8 2.6 2.7 9.0 

2001 0 .6 0.1 3 .0 2.7 2.8 9 .4 

2002 0 .6 0.1 2.7 2.4 2.5 8 .6 

2003 0 .6 0.1 2.8 2.6 2.6 9.0 

2004 0 .6 0.1 2.9 2.7 2.7 93 

2005 0 .6 0.1 3 .0 2 .7 2.8 9.6 

2006 0 .7 0.2 3 .1 2 .8 2.9 9.9 

2007 0 .7 0.2 3 .2 2 .9 3 .0 10.1 

2008 0 .7 0.2 3 .3 2 .9 3 .0 10.4 

2009 0 .7 0.2 3 .3 3 .0 3 .1 10.4 

2010 0 .7 0.2 3 .3 3 .0 3 .1 10.6 

2011 0 .7 0.2 3 .4 3 .1 3 .2 10.7 

2012 0 .7 0.2 3 .4 3 .1 3 .2 10.9 

2013 0 .7 0.2 3 .5 3 .1 3 .2 11 .0 

2014 0 .8 0.2 3 .5 3 .2 3 .3 11 .2 

2015 0 .8 02 3 .6 32 33 11 .3 

2016 0 .8 0 .2 3 .6 32 3 .3 11 .3 

2017 0 .8 02 3 .6 3 .2 3 .4 11 .4 

2018 0.8 0 .2 3 .6 3 .3 3 .4 11 .5 

c .., 2019 0.8 02 3 .6 3 .3 3 .4 11 .6 

2020 0.8 02 3 .7 3 .3 3 .4 11 .7 

F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. TOTAL 

1 .7 8 .5 503 0.1 70 .2 

2 .5 12 .1 71 .8 0.2 100 .3 

2 .4 11 .7 69.4 0.2 96.8 

2 .3 11 .3 67.2 0.1 93.9 

2.4 12 .0 71 .5 0.2 99.9 

2.2 10 .8 63 .9 0.1 89.2 

23 11 .2 66.6 0.1 93 .0 

2.1 10 .6 62.9 0.1 87.8 

2.4 11 .7 69.3 02 96.8 

2.4 11 .9 70.9 0.2 99.0 

2.3 11 .4 67 .5 0.2 94.3 

2.5 12 .5 74 .5 0.2 104.0 

2.7 13 .3 79.2 0.2 110.6 

2.8 14 .0 83 .1 0.2 116.0 

3 .0 14 .8 87 .9 0.2 122 .7 

3 .2 15 .7 93.2 0.2 130 .1 

33 16 .4 97.3 0 .2 135 .9 

3 .0 14 .9 88 .6 0 .2 123 .7 

3 .2 15 .6 92.9 02 129 .8 

33 16 .2 96.5 0 .2 134 .7 

3 .4 16 .8 99.6 0 .2 139 .0 

3 .5 17 .2 102 .3 0 .2 142 .8 

3 .6 17 .6 104 .2 0 .2 145 .5 

3 .6 18 .0 106 .9 0 .2 149 .2 

3 .7 18 .1 107 .8 0 .2 150 .5 

3 .7 18 .4 109 .1 0 .2 152 .3 

3 .8 18 .7 110 .8 0 .2 154 .7 

3 .8 18.9 112 .5 0 .3 157 .0 

3 .9 19 .2 114 .0 0 .3 159 .2 

3 .9 19 .5 115 .5 0 .3 1613 

4 .0 19.7 117 .0 0 .3 163 .3 

4 .0 19.7 116 .7 0.3 163 .0 

4.0 19.8 117.8 03 164.5 

4 .1 20.0 118 .8 0.3 165 .9 

4 .1 20 .2 119 .8 03 167 .3 

4 .1 20 .3 120 .8 0.3 168 .6 
a 

n 0 

oV 

a 

n 0 

O 

n 

Table B-40 

Alabama Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Mobile OCS Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs. . Ag., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1983 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1984 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1985 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1986 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1987 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1988 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1989 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1990 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1991 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1992 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 

1993 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 .0 0 .1 

1994 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 .0 0 .2 

1995 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 .3 

1996 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0 .4 

1997 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0 .0 0 .6 

1998 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.1 0 .9 

1999 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 0.1 1 .3 

2000 0 .0 0.0 0.0 03 1 .2 0 .1 1 .7 

2001 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1 .6 0 .2 2 .2 

2002 0 .1 0.0 0.1 0.5 1 .9 0 .2 2 .6 

2003 0 .1 0.0 0.1 0.5 2.2 0.2 3 .1 

2004 0 .1 0.0 0.1 0.6 2.5 0 .2 3 .5 

2005 0 .1 0.0 0.1 0.7 2.8 0 .3 3 .9 

2006 0 .1 0.0 0.1 0.7 3.1 0 .3 4 .3 

2007 0 .1 0.0 0.1 0.8 3.3 0 .3 4 .6 

2008 0 .1 0.0 0.1 0.9 3.6 0 .3 5 .0 

2009 0 .1 0.0 0.1 0.9 3.8 0 .4 5 .3 

2010 0 .1 0.0 0.1 1 .0 4.0 0 .4 5 .6 

2011 0 .1 0.0 0.1 1 .0 4.2 0.4 5 .8 

2012 0 .1 0.0 0.1 1 .0 4.3 0.4 6 .0 

2013 0 .1 0.0 0.1 1 .1 4.4 0.4 6 .1 

2014 0 .1 0.0 0.1 1 .1 4.5 0.4 6 .3 

2015 0 .1 0.0 0.1 1 .1 4.6 0.4 6 .5 

2016 0 .1 0.0 0.1 1 .1 4.7 0.5 6 .6 

2017 0 .1 0.0 0.1 1 .2 4.8 0.5 6 .7 

2018 0 .1 0.0 0.1 12 4.9 0.5 6 .9 

2019 0 .1 0.0 02 12 4.9 0.5 6 .9 

2020 0 .1 0.0 0.2 1 .2 5 .0 0.5 6 .9 
n 0 

Y 

A 

A 

a 

n 0 

0 

m 

n 

v 

Table B-41 

Alabama Personal Income 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Mobile OCS Production - 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Transa. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

1983 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

1984 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

1985 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

1986 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

1987 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1988 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1989 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 

1990 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1991 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1992 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 

1993 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .0 0.1 

1994 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .0 0 .2 

1995 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .2 0 .0 0 .3 

1996 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .3 0 .0 0 .4 

1997 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 .4 0 .0 0 .6 

1998 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 .7 0 .0 0 .9 

1999 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.1 0 .0 0.2 0 .9 0 .0 1 .3 

2000 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.1 0 .0 0.2 12 0 .0 1 .7 

2001 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.2 0 .1 03 1 .6 0 .0 2 .2 

2002 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0.1 0.2 0 .1 0.3 1 .9 0 .0 2 .6 

2003 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.2 0 .1 0.4 22 0 .0 3 .1 

2004 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.2 0 .1 0.4 2 .5 0 .0 3 .5 

2005 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.3 0 .1 0.5 2 .8 0 .0 3 .9 

2006 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.3 0 .1 0.5 3 .1 0 .0 4 .3 

2007 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.3 0 .1 0.6 3 .3 0 .0 4 .6 

2008 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.3 0 .1 0.6 3 .6 0 .0 5 .0 

2009 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.4 0 .1 0.6 3 .8 0 .0 5 .3 

2010 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.4 0 .1 0.7 4.0 0 .0 5 .6 

2011 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.4 0 .1 0.7 42 0 .0 5 .8 

2012 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.4 0 .1 0.7 4.3 0 .0 6 .0 

2013 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.4 02 0.7 4.4 0 .0 6 .1 

2014 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.4 0 .2 0.8 4.5 0 .0 6 .3 

2015 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.4 0 .2 0.8 4.6 0.0 6 .5 

2016 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.5 0 .2 0.8 4.7 0.0 6 .6 

2017 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.5 0 .2 0.8 4.8 0.0 6.7 

2018 0.0 0.0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.5 02 0.8 4.9 0.0 6.9 

2019 0.0 0.0 02 0 .1 0 .1 0 .5 02 0.8 4.9 0.0 6.9 

2020 0.0 0.0 0 .2 0 .1 0 .1 0 .5 0 .2 0 .8 5 .0 0.0 6.9 
00 

n 0 

p 

oA 

n 

0 

0 

n 

OK 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Manufacturing 

1 .4 

2 .0 

1 .9 

1 .9 

2 .0 

1 .8 

1 .8 

1 .7 

1 .9 

2 .0 

1 .9 

2 .1 

2 .2 

2 .3 

2 .4 

2 .6 

2 .7 

2 .5 

2 .6 

2 .7 

2 .8 

2 .9 

3 .0 

3 .0 

3 .1 

3 .1 

3 .2 

3 .2 

3 .3 

3 .3 

3 .4 

3 .4 

3 .4 

3 .4 

3 .4 

3 .5 

Table B-42 

Alabama Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

O&G Construction 

Extraction 

0.1 1 .5 

0.1 2 .2 

0.1 2 .1 

0.1 2.0 

0.1 2.2 

0.1 1 .9 

0.1 2.0 

0.1 1 .9 

0.1 2 .1 

0.1 2.2 

0.1 2.1 

0.1 23 

0.1 2.4 

0.1 2.6 

0.1 2.7 

0.1 2.9 

0.1 3.0 

0.1 2.8 

0.1 2.9 

0.1 3.0 

0.2 3.1 

0.2 3.2 

0.2 3.3 

0.2 3.4 

0.2 3.4 

0.2 3.4 

0.2 3.5 

0.2 3.6 

02 3.6 

02 3.7 

02 3.7 

02 3.7 

0.2 3 .7 

0.2 3.8 

02 3 .8 

02 3 .8 

Svcs., Ag ., Government 

TPU, FIRE 

12 .0 50 .3 

17 .2 71 .8 

16 .6 69 .4 

16 .1 67 .2 

17 .1 71 .5 

153 63 .9 

16 .0 66 .6 

15 .1 62.9 

16 .6 69 .4 

17 .0 71 .1 

16 .2 67.8 

17 .9 74 .8 

19 .1 79 .6 

20 .1 83 .8 

213 88 .8 

22 .6 94.4 

23 .7 98.9 

21 .7 90.5 

22 .8 95.1 

23 .7 99.0 

24 .5 102 .4 

25 .2 105.4 

25 .8 107 .6 

26 .5 110 .5 

26 .7 111 .6 

27 .1 113 .1 

27 .6 115 .0 

28 .0 116 .8 

28 .4 118 .4 

28 .8 120 .0 

29 .1 121 .6 

29 .1 121 .5 

29.4 122 .6 

29 .6 123 .7 

29.9 124 .8 

30.1 125 .8 

Trade 

4.9 

7.0 

6.7 

6.5 

6.9 

6.2 

6.5 

6.1 

6.7 

6.9 

6.6 

7.2 

7.7 

8.1 

8.6 

9.1 

9.6 

8.8 

9.2 

9.6 

9.9 

10.2 

10.4 

10.7 

10.8 

11 .0 

11 .1 

11 .3 

11 .5 

11 .6 

11 .8 

11 .8 

11 .9 

12 .0 

12 .1 

122 

TOTAL 

70 .2 

100.3 

96 .8 

93 .9 

99 .9 

89 .2 

93 .0 

87 .8 

96 .8 

99 .2 

94 .6 

104.4 

111 .2 

116.9 

124.0 

131 .8 

138.1 

126.3 

132.8 

138.2 

142.9 

147.1 

150.2 

154.2 

155 .8 

157.9 

160.5 

163 .0 

165 .3 

167.6 

169.7 

169.6 

171 .2 

172.7 

174.2 

175 .6 
Table B-43 

p Alabama Personal Income 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from Tax Spending 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

A 

p Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf . Transp' Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 - - - - - - - - - - - 

a 1983 - - - - - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1985 0 .3 0.1 1 .5 1 .4 1 .4 4 .9 1 .7 8 .5 50.3 0.1 70 .2 

n' 1986 0 .5 0.1 2.2 2.0 2 .0 7 .0 2.5 12.1 71 .8 0.2 100 .3 

1987 0 .5 0.1 2.1 1 .9 2.0 6 .7 2.4 11 .7 69.4 0.2 96.8 

1988 0 .4 0.1 2.0 19 1 .9 6 .5 23 11 .3 67.2 0.1 93.9 

n 1989 0 .5 0.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 6 .9 2.4 12 .0 71 .5 0.2 99.9 

1990 0 .4 0.1 1 .9 1 .8 1 .8 6 .2 2.2 10.8 63.9 0.1 89 .2 

1991 0 .4 0.1 2.0 1 .8 1 .9 6 .5 23 11 .2 66.6 0.1 93.0 

1992 0 .4 0.1 1 .9 1 .7 1 .8 6 .1 2.1 10.6 62.9 0.1 87 .8 

1993 0 .5 0.1 2.1 1 .9 2.0 6 .7 2.4 11 .7 69.4 02 96.8 

1994 0 .5 0.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 6 .9 2.4 12 .0 71 .1 0.2 99.2 

1995 0 .4 0.1 2.1 1 .9 1 .9 6 .6 2.3 11 .4 67.8 0.2 94.6 

1996 0 .5 0.1 23 2.1 2.1 7 .2 2.6 12 .6 74.8 02 104 .4 

1997 0 .5 0.1 2.4 2.2 2.3 7 .7 2.7 13 .4 79.6 0.2 111 .2 

1998 0 .5 0.1 2.6 2.3 2 .4 8 .1 2.9 14 .1 83 .8 0.2 116 .9 

1999 0 .6 0.1 2.7 2.4 2.5 8 .6 3.0 15 .0 88.8 0.2 124 .0 

2000 0 .6 0.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 9 .1 3.2 15 .9 94.4 0.2 131 .8 

2001 0 .6 0.1 3 .0 2.7 2.8 9 .6 3.4 16 .7 98.9 0.2 138 .1 

2002 0 .6 0.1 2.8 2.5 2.6 8 .8 3.1 15 .2 90.5 0.2 1263 

2003 0 .6 0.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 9 .2 3.2 16 .0 95 .1 0.2 132 .8 

2004 0 .6 0.1 3 .0 2.7 2.8 9 .6 3.4 16 .7 99.0 0.2 138 .2 

2005 0 .7 0.2 3 .1 2.8 2.9 9 .9 3.5 17 .2 102 .4 0.2 142 .9 

2006 0 .7 0.2 3 .2 2.9 3 .0 10 .2 3.6 17 .7 105 .4 0.2 147 .1 

2007 0 .7 0.2 3 .3 3 .0 3 .1 10 .4 3.7 18 .1 107 .6 0.2 150 .2 

2008 0 .7 0.2 3 .4 3 .0 3 .1 10 .7 3.8 18 .6 110 .5 0.2 154 .2 

2009 0 .7 0.2 3 .4 3 .1 3 .2 10 .8 3.8 18 .8 111 .6 0.2 155 .8 

2010 0 .7 0.2 3 .4 3 .1 3 .2 11 .0 3.9 19 .0 113 .1 0.3 157 .9 

2011 0 .7 0.2 3 .5 3 .2 33 11 .1 3.9 19 .4 115 .0 0.3 160 .5 

2012 0 .8 02 3 .6 3 .2 33 11 .3 4.0 19 .7 116 .8 0.3 163 .0 

2013 0 .8 02 3 .6 3 .3 3 .4 11 .5 4.0 19 .9 118 .4 0.3 1653 

2014 0 .8 02 3 .7 3 .3 3 .4 11 .6 4.1 20 .2 120 .0 0.3 167 .6 

2015 0 .8 02 3 .7 3 .4 3 .5 11 .8 4.1 20 .5 121 .6 0.3 169 .7 

2016 0 .8 0.2 3 .7 3 .4 3.5 11 .8 4.1 20 .5 121 .5 0.3 169 .6 

2017 0 .8 0.2 3 .7 3 .4 3 .5 11 .9 4.2 20 .6 122 .6 0.3 171 .2 

2018 0 .8 02 3 .8 3 .4 3 .5 12 .0 42 20 .8 123 .7 0.3 172 .7 

b 2019 0 .8 0.2 3 .8 3 .4 3 .5 12 .1 4.3 21 .0 124 .8 0.3 1742 

2020 0 .8 0.2 3 .8 3 .5 3 .6 122 43 21 .2 125 .8 0.3 175 .6 
Table B-44 

LA/TX Employment 

p by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production - 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

1982 835 .4 - - - - 835 .4 

1983 9323 - - - - 932.3 

1984 1,869 .7 - - - - 1,869) 

1985 2,288 .9 86 .8 - - - 2,375 .7 

1986 1,210 .6 531 .5 - 59.4 - 1,801 .5 

1987 701 .4 - 976.6 350.1 - 2,028 .1 

1988 701 .5 - 954.4 28 .5 11 .9 1,696 .4 

1989 169 .5 395 .3 - 138 .1 15 .8 718.7 

1990 994 .2 853 .9 887.6 291 .7 23 .3 3,050.8 

1991 2,449 .8 1,527 .8 1,142 .7 282 .9 37.3 5,440.6 

1992 1,100 .8 1,174 .2 1,652 .4 302 .9 125 .6 4,355 .9 

1993 1,063 .1 621 .2 1,634 .3 520 .8 144.0 3,983 .5 

1994 284.2 - 233 .7 - 246.5 764 .4 

1995 641 .3 102 .3 375 .8 - 225 .1 1,344 .4 

1996 291 .6 118 .0 206.5 - 218 .7 834 .8 

1997 1,154 .4 202.5 - 23 .6 224 .9 1,605 .4 

1998 324.6 - 103 .9 - 253 .8 682 .3 

1999 1,105 .5 - 207 .8 23 .7 265 .0 1,602 .0 

2000 202.9 - 103 .9 - 280 .0 586 .8 

2001 436.1 - 103 .9 - 275 .4 815 .5 

2002 - - - - 267 .8 267.8 

2003 436.1 - 103 .9 - 261 .2 801 .2 

2004 - - - - 251 .3 251 .3 

C~ 2005 - - - - 235 .8 235.8 

p 2006 - - - - 218 .0 218.0 

2007 - - - - 194 .2 194 . 2 

2008 - - - - 184 .9 184 .9 

2009 - - - - 148 .9 148 .9 

o- 2010 - - - - 129 .5 129 .5 

2011 - - - - 122 .5 122 .5 

2012 - - - - 114 .8 114 .8 

n7 2013 - - - - 107 .1 107 .1 

O 2014 - - - - 100 .2 100 .2 

p 2015 - - - - 93 .8 93 .8 

2016 - - - - 68.6 68 .6 

2017 - - - - 64 .4 64 .4 

2018 - - - - 60.6 60.6 

n 2019 - - - - 57 .1 57 .1 

2020 - - - - 53 .9 53 .9 
n O 

a 

n 

A 

n7 

0 

0 

Table B-45 

LA/TX Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Aa., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 77.9 264 .6 11 .2 344.1 6.2 131 .4 835 .4 

1983 86.9 2953 12 .5 384.0 6.9 146.6 9323 

1984 1743 592 .1 25 .1 770 .2 13 .9 294 .1 1,869 .7 

1985 223 .8 725 .0 59 .1 9743 17 .7 375 .8 2,375 .7 

1986 184 .9 384 .2 210 .4 711 .1 13 .4 297 .4 1,801 .5 

1987 451 .5 223 .7 3363 683.4 13 .9 3193 2,028 .1 

1988 401 .5 224 .4 221 .7 575 .0 11 .6 262 .2 1,696 .4 

1989 82.5 55 .7 182 .3 267.8 53 125 .2 718 .7 

1990 544.1 319 .4 584 .0 1,080 .5 21 .7 501 .0 3,050 .8 

1991 849.2 782 .8 876 .4 2,000 .6 393 892 .2 5,440 .6 

1992 863 .8 363 .0 873 .0 1,514 .4 30.6 711 .0 4,355 .9 

1993 816.8 352 .0 767 .7 1,376 .7 27 .7 642 .5 3,983 .5 

1994 116 .5 110 .5 98 .1 312.9 5 .5 120 .9 764 .4 

1995 210.8 222 .2 162 .1 526 .0 9 .7 213 .7 1,344 .4 

1996 121 .0 110 .7 125 .9 336.4 6 .1 134 .8 834 .8 

1997 143 .2 384 .4 131 .1 675.1 12 .0 259 .6 1,605 .4 

1998 75 .4 123 .7 72 .8 296.7 5 .0 108 .7 682 .3 

1999 187 .9 372 .1 115 .4 661 .6 11 .7 2533 1,602 .0 

2000 65 .0 873 76 .0 260.3 43 93 .9 586 .8 

2001 86.5 160 .8 78 .3 354.0 6 .0 129 .8 815 .5 

2002 9.5 22 .0 49 .2 140 .9 2 .1 44 .2 267 .8 

2003 86 .0 159.7 75 .7 346.5 5.9 127.5 801 .2 

2004 8 .9 20 .6 46 .2 132 .2 1 .9 41 .5 251 .3 

2005 83 193 43 .3 124 .1 1 .8 38 .9 235 .8 

2006 7 .7 17 .9 40 .1 114 .7 1 .7 36 .0 218 .0 

2007 6 .9 15 .9 35 .7 102 .2 1 .5 32 .0 194 .2 

2008 6 .5 15 .2 34 .0 97.3 1 .4 30 .5 184 .9 

2009 53 12 .2 27 .4 78 .4 1 .1 24 .6 148 .9 

2010 4.6 10 .6 23 .8 68.1 1 .0 21 .4 129 .5 

2011 43 10 .0 22 .5 64.4 0 .9 20 .2 122 .5 

2012 4.1 9 .4 21 .1 60.4 0 .9 18 .9 114 .8 

2013 3 .8 8 .8 19 .7 56 .4 0 .8 17 .7 107 .1 

2014 3 .5 8 .2 18 .4 52 .7 0 .8 16 .5 100 .2 

2015 33 7 .7 17 .2 49.3 0 .7 15 .5 93 .8 

2016 2.4 5 .6 12 .6 36.1 0 .5 11 .3 68 .6 

2017 23 53 11 .8 33.9 0 .5 10 .6 64 .4 

2018 2.1 5.0 11 .1 31 .9 0.5 10 .0 60 .6 

2019 2.0 4.7 10 .5 30 .0 0.4 9.4 57 .1 

2020 1 .9 4 .4 9 .9 28.3 0 .4 8 .9 53 .9 
Table B-46 

LA/TX Employment 

ti by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production - 

OK 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 6.9 - 11 .2 77 .9 42.6 131 .4 30 .8 257 .9 6 .2 6 .0 264.6 835.4 

1983 7.7 - 12 .5 86 .9 47.5 146 .6 34 .3 287 .9 6 .9 6 .7 295.3 932.3 

1984 15 .4 - 25 .1 174 .3 95 .3 294.1 68 .9 577 .3 13 .9 13 .4 592.1 1,869 .7 

1985 19 .7 0.1 59.1 223 .8 119.9 375 .8 87 .6 730 .2 17 .7 16 .9 724.9 2,375 .7 

1986 15 .7 0.8 210.4 184 .9 83 .2 297 .4 66 .7 532 .7 13 .4 12 .7 383 .4 1,801 .5 

1987 16 .9 1 .6 336 .3 451 .5 71 .0 3193 71 .7 509 .4 13 .9 14 .3 222.1 2,028 .1 

1988 13 .7 2 .2 221 .7 401 .5 62.1 262 .2 59 .9 427 .4 11 .6 12 .0 222.2 1,696 .4 

1989 6.8 2 .0 1823 82 .5 28.1 125 .2 26 .7 201 .3 5 .3 5 .0 53 .7 718.7 

1990 26.6 4 .6 584 .0 544 .1 115 .1 501 .0 110 .4 807 .0 21 .7 21 .4 314.9 3,050 .8 

1991 47.2 7 .0 876 .4 849 .2 221 .6 892 .2 198 .4 1,495 .3 393 382 775 .8 5,440 .6 

1992 37 .6 14 .4 873 .0 863 .8 158.0 711 .0 157 .2 1,131 .1 30 .6 30 .5 348.6 4,355 .9 

1993 34.1 153 767 .7 816 .8 142.0 642 .5 143 .0 1,029 .8 27 .7 27 .9 336.7 3,983 .5 

1994 6.2 20 .5 98 .1 116 .5 333 120.9 28 .8 239 .2 5 .5 5 .4 90.0 764.4 

1995 11 .1 19 .1 162 .1 210.8 57.9 213 .7 49 .7 397 .8 9 .7 9 .5 203 .1 1,344.4 

1996 7 .0 18 .4 125 .9 121 .0 35 .9 134 .8 31 .4 256 .2 6 .1 5 .9 92 .4 834.8 

1997 13 .6 18 .8 131 .1 143 .2 78.6 259 .6 60 .4 511 .1 12 .0 11 .4 365 .6 1,605 .4 

1998 5 .6 20 .9 72 .8 75 .4 32.3 108 .7 26 .2 227 .8 5 .0 4.8 102 .8 682 .3 

1999 13 .2 22 .0 115 .4 187 .9 76.1 2533 59 .8 501 .2 11 .7 11 .4 350.1 1,602 .0 

2000 4.8 23 .1 76 .0 65 .0 27 .4 93.9 22 .8 201 .1 4.3 4.1 64 .3 586 .8 

2001 6.7 22 .7 78 .3 86 .5 39.1 129 .8 31 .2 271 .2 6 .0 5 .8 138 .1 815 .5 

2002 2.2 22 .0 49 .2 9 .5 13 .8 44.2 113 111 .8 2 .1 1 .9 - 267 .8 

2003 6.6 21 .5 75 .7 86 .0 38 .4 127 .5 30 .6 265.3 5 .9 5 .7 138 .1 801 .2 

2004 2.1 20 .6 46 .2 8 .9 12.9 41 .5 10 .6 104 .9 19 1 .8 - 2513 

C~ 2005 2.0 193 43 .3 83 12 .1 38 .9 9 .9 98.4 1 .8 1 .6 - 235 .8 

q 2006 1 .8 17 .9 40 .1 7 .7 11 .2 36 .0 9 .2 91 .0 1 .7 1 .5 - 218 .0 

2007 1 .6 15 .9 35 .7 6 .9 10.0 32 .0 8 .2 81 .1 1 .5 1 .4 - 194 .2 

2008 1 .5 15 .2 34 .0 6 .5 9.5 30 .5 7 .8 77 .2 1 .4 1 .3 - 184 .9 

2009 1 .2 12 .2 27 .4 53 7 .7 24.6 63 62.2 1 .1 1 .0 - 148 .9 

o" 2010 1 .1 10 .6 23 .8 4 .6 6.7 21 .4 5 .4 54 .0 1 .0 0 .9 - 129 .5 

2011 1 .0 10 .0 22 .5 4 .3 6 .3 20.2 5 .1 51 .1 0 .9 0 .9 - 122 .5 

2012 1 .0 9 .4 21 .1 4 .1 5 .9 18 .9 4 .8 47.9 0 .9 0 .8 - 114 .8 

n7 2013 0.9 8 .8 19 .7 3 .8 5 .5 17 .7 4.5 44.7 0 .8 0.7 - 107 .1 

0 2014 0.8 82 18 .4 3 .5 5 .2 16 .5 4.2 41 .8 0 .8 0.7 - 1002 

p 2015 0.8 7 .7 17 .2 33 4 .8 15 .5 3 .9 39.1 0 .7 0.7 - 93.8 

2016 0.6 5 .6 12 .6 2 .4 3 .5 113 2 .9 28.6 0.5 0.5 - 68 .6 

2017 0.5 5 .3 11 .8 2 .3 3 .3 10 .6 2 .7 26.9 0.5 0.5 - 64.4 

2018 0 .5 5 .0 11 .1 2 .1 3 .1 10 .0 2 .5 253 0.5 0.4 - 60.6 

n 2019 0.5 4.7 10 .5 2.0 2.9 9.4 2.4 23 .8 0.4 0.4 - 57 .1 

2020 0 .4 4 .4 9.9 1 .9 2 .8 8 .9 2.3 22.5 0.4 0.4 - 53 .9 
n 0 

a 

a 

a 

A 

n 

0 

O 

<o 

In 

w 

Table B-47 

LA/TX Population 

Resulting from All Activities 

-Alabama State ProductionTOTAL 

1982 1,617 .2 

1983 1,804 .8 

1984 3,619 .5 

1985 4,599 .0 

1986 3,4873 

1987 3,926 .0 

1988 3,283 .9 

1989 1,3913 

1990 5,905 .8 

1991 10,532 .0 

1992 8,432 .2 

1993 7,711 .3 

1994 1,479 .8 

1995 2,602 .6 

1996 1,616 .1 

1997 3,107 .8 

1998 1,320 .9 

1999 3,1013 

2000 1,135 .9 

2001 1,578 .6 

2002 518 .3 

2003 1,551 .1 

2004 486 .4 

2005 456 .5 

2006 422 .0 

2007 376 .0 

2008 357 .9 

2009 2883 

2010 250 .6 

2011 237 .0 

2012 2223 

2013 207 .4 

2014 194 .0 

2015 181 .6 

2016 132 .8 

2017 124 .7 

2018 117.4 

2019 110.5 

2020 104 .3 
i., 

n 0 

a 

a 

n 

0 

0 

n 

Table B-48 

LA/TX Employment 

by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production - 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

1982 395.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 .8 

1983 632.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 632.0 

1984 22183 0.0 162 .9 0.0 0.0 2381 .2 

1985 3189.9 0.0 159 .4 0.0 0.0 3349.3 

1986 1304 .8 0.0 0.0 25 .5 0.0 1330 .3 

1987 2263 .8 0.0 255 .7 150.0 0.0 2669.5 

1988 1413 .4 0.0 187 .4 12 .2 0 .0 1613 .0 

1989 1037 .7 0A 145 .2 59 .2 0 .0 1242 .1 

1990 1384 .4 455 .4 871 .4 125 .0 0 .0 2836 .2 

1991 1535 .4 276.1 1239.7 1213 3 .8 3176 .2 

1992 772.7 108 .4 1198 .9 129 .8 95 .8 2305 .7 

1993 881 .9 328 .4 2073 .3 223 .2 95 .0 3601 .8 

1994 2942.6 112 .8 2192 .8 0 .0 127 .9 5376 .1 

1995 363 .5 230 .2 897 .6 0 .0 149 .4 1640 .7 

1996 1419.5 261 .4 309 .7 0 .0 150 .0 2140 .7 

1997 630.6 886 .0 0 .0 10 .1 189 .8 1716 .6 

1998 1115 .0 560 .1 0 .0 0 .0 197 .9 1873 .0 

1999 728 .5 1273 207.8 10 .2 226.4 1300 .2 

2000 784 .4 5092 311 .8 0 .0 248.9 1854 .2 

2001 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 250.5 250.5 

2002 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 241 .2 241 .2 

2003 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 226.0 226.0 

2004 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 210.8 210.8 

2005 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 195 .6 195 .6 

2006 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 182 .1 182 .1 

2007 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 169 .6 169 .6 

2008 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 157 .0 157 .0 

2009 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 142 .0 142 .0 

2010 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 114 .6 114 .6 

2011 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 1033 103 .3 

2012 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 85 .6 85 .6 

2013 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 78 .6 78.6 

2014 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 71 .2 71 .2 

2015 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 47.7 47.7 

2016 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 44.6 44.6 

2017 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 40.1 40.1 

2018 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 23 .3 23 .3 

2019 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 21 .6 21 .6 

2020 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 20.0 20.0 
n O 

A 

a 

Q 

n 

0 

O 

n 

t.n 

cam, 

Table B-49 

LA/TX Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Ag., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 36.9 125 .4 53 163 .1 2 .9 623 395 .8 

1983 58.9 200.2 8 .5 260.3 4 .7 99.4 632 .0 

1984 263 .4 702 .7 64 .0 959.9 17 .5 373 .7 2381 .2 

1985 352.8 1010 .4 763 1359 .1 24 .7 525 .9 33493 

1986 125 .0 413 .3 26 .4 546.1 9 .9 209.7 13303 

1987 319.9 717 .4 136 .4 1055 .5 19 .5 420 .9 2669.5 

1988 198 .5 447 .9 62 .6 639.4 11 .8 252 .9 1613 .0 

1989 155 .1 328 .9 65 .0 488.5 9 .0 195 .5 1242 .1 

1990 503 .7 4403 393.5 1023 .9 20 .1 454.7 2836.2 

1991 623.8 488.6 413.6 1126 .2 223 501 .7 3176.2 

1992 522 .7 254.4 360.0 791 .1 15 .8 361 .7 2305.7 

1993 875 .9 290.4 649.0 11943 24 .5 567 .7 3601 .8 

1994 1055 .1 9453 559 .6 1941 .0 37 .7 837 .5 5376.1 

1995 379.2 128 .8 295.6 565 .7 113 260.0 1640 .7 

1996 276.9 462.6 196 .9 846.0 15 .6 342.6 2140.7 

1997 173 .9 216.6 335 .9 683 .8 12 .9 293.5 1716 .6 

1998 178 .6 370.1 234.1 766.2 14 .0 310.0 1873 .0 

1999 164 .9 249.7 140 .1 527.6 9.5 208.4 1300.2 

2000 251 .9 269.9 287.8 726.6 13 .6 304.5 1854 .2 

2001 8 .9 20.5 46.0 131 .8 1 .9 413 250 .5 

2002 8 .5 19 .8 443 126.9 1 .9 39.8 241 .2 

2003 8 .0 18 .5 41 .5 118 .9 1 .7 373 226 .0 

2004 7 .5 173 38 .7 110 .9 1 .6 34.8 210 .8 

2005 6 .9 16 .0 36.0 102 .9 1 .5 32.3 195 .6 

2006 6 .4 14 .9 33 .5 95.8 1 .4 30.1 182 .1 

2007 6 .0 13 .9 31 .2 89 .3 1 .3 28 .0 169 .6 

2008 5 .6 12 .9 28 .9 82 .6 1 .2 25 .9 157 .0 

2009 5 .0 11 .6 26 .1 74 .7 1 .1 23 .4 142 .0 

2010 4.1 9 .4 21 .1 60.3 0 .9 18 .9 114 .6 

2011 3.7 8 .5 19 .0 54 .3 0 .8 17 .0 103 .3 

2012 3.0 7 .0 15 .7 45.0 0 .7 14 .1 85.6 

2013 2.8 6 .4 14 .4 413 0 .6 13 .0 78.6 

2014 2.5 5 .8 13 .1 37.5 0 .5 11 .7 71 .2 

2015 1 .7 3 .9 8 .8 25.1 0 .4 7 .9 47.7 

2016 1 .6 3 .7 8 .2 23.4 03 7 .4 44.6 

2017 1 .4 33 7.4 21 .1 0.3 6.6 40 .1 

2018 0.8 1 .9 4.3 123 0.2 3.8 233 

2019 0.8 1 .8 4.0 11 .3 0.2 3.6 21 .6 

2020 0.7 1 .6 3 .7 10 .5 0.2 3 .3 20 .0 
ice, 

a 

n 0 

oV 

n 

O 

n 

Table B-50 

LA/TX Employment 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobi le OCS Production -- 

OK 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 33 0.0 53 36.9 20.2 62.3 14 .6 122 .2 2 .9 2.8 125 .4 395 .8 

1983 5.2 0.0 8.5 58 .9 32.2 99.4 233 195 .1 4 .7 4.5 200.2 632.0 

1984 19 .5 0.2 64.0 263 .4 117.3 373 .7 873 718 .8 17 .5 17 .0 702.5 2381 .2 

1985 27.5 0.2 763 352.8 166.7 525 .9 122 .9 1018 .1 24 .7 23 .9 1010.2 3349.3 

1986 11 .0 0.0 26.4 125 .0 67.2 209.7 49 .0 409 .4 9 .9 9.5 413 .2 1330.3 

1987 22.1 0.5 136 .4 319.9 126.2 420.9 97 .5 790 .6 19 .5 19 .0 716.9 2669.5 

1988 13 .2 0.2 62.6 198 .5 77.3 252.9 58 .9 478 .5 11 .8 11 .5 447 .6 1613 .0 

1989 103 0.2 65 .0 155 .1 583 195 .5 45 .3 365 .8 9 .0 8 .8 328 .7 1242 .1 

1990 23 .9 1 .9 393 .5 503 .7 113 .8 454.7 1023 763 .9 20 .1 20 .0 438 .4 2836 .2 

1991 26.3 2 .4 413 .6 623 .8 124 .5 501 .7 113 .7 839 .2 223 22 .4 486 .2 3176 .2 

1992 18 .9 9.7 360.0 522 .7 833 361 .7 82 .1 590 .5 15 .8 16 .2 244 .7 2305.7 

1993 29.8 11 .1 649.0 875 .9 122 .5 567 .7 127 .5 889 .1 24 .5 253 279 .3 3601 .8 

1994 43 .6 13 .4 559.6 1055 .1 218 .0 837 .5 192 .8 1448 .5 37 .7 38.1 931 .9 5376 .1 

1995 13 .5 13 .7 295 .6 379 .2 58 .2 260.0 58 .9 423.5 113 11 .5 115 .1 1640 .7 

1996 17 .9 13 .1 196.9 276 .9 97 .9 342 .6 79 .0 636 .0 15 .6 15 .2 449 .6 2140.7 

1997 15 .5 16 .8 335 .9 173 .9 753 293 .5 64 .9 516 .1 12 .9 12 .0 199 .7 1716 .6 

1998 163 17 .0 234 .1 178 .6 87 .9 310 .0 70 .4 5783 14 .0 13 .2 353 .1 1873 .0 

1999 10 .9 19 .0 140 .1 164 .9 59 .2 208 .4 48.6 399.7 9.5 9.2 230 .7 1300 .2 

2000 16.0 21 .5 287 .8 251 .9 79 .9 304 .5 69 .1 548 .6 13 .6 13 .0 248 .4 1854 .2 

2001 2 .1 20 .5 46 .0 8 .9 12 .9 41 .3 10 .5 104 .5 1 .9 1 .8 0 .0 250.5 

2002 2 .0 19 .8 443 8 .5 12 .4 39.8 10 .1 100 .7 1 .9 1 .7 0.0 2412 

2003 1 .9 18 .5 41 .5 8 .0 11 .6 373 9 .5 94.3 1 .7 1 .6 0.0 226.0 

2004 1 .8 17 .3 38 .7 7 .5 10 .8 34.8 8 .9 88.0 1 .6 1 .5 0.0 210.8 

2005 1 .6 16 .0 36 .0 6 .9 10 .1 323 8 .2 81 .7 1 .5 1 .4 0.0 195 .6 

2006 1 .5 14 .9 33 .5 6 .4 9 .4 30.1 7 .7 76.0 1 .4 1 .3 0.0 182 .1 

2007 1 .4 13 .9 31 .2 6 .0 8 .7 28.0 7 .1 70.8 13 1 .2 0.0 169 .6 

2008 1 .3 12 .9 28 .9 5 .6 8 .1 25.9 6 .6 65 .5 1 .2 1 .1 0.0 157 .0 

2009 1 .2 11 .6 26 .1 5 .0 73 23.4 6 .0 593 1 .1 1 .0 0.0 142 .0 

2010 1 .0 9 .4 21 .1 4 .1 5 .9 18 .9 4.8 47 .8 0 .9 0.8 0.0 114.6 

2011 0 .9 8 .5 19 .0 3 .7 53 17 .0 43 43 .1 0 .8 0.7 0.0 1033 

2012 0 .7 7 .0 15 .7 3 .0 4.4 14 .1 3 .6 35 .7 0 .7 0.6 0.0 85 .6 

2013 0 .7 6 .4 14 .4 2 .8 4.0 13 .0 3 .3 32 .8 0 .6 0.5 0.0 78 .6 

2014 0 .6 5 .8 13 .1 2 .5 3.7 11 .7 3 .0 29 .7 0 .5 0.5 0.0 71 .2 

2015 0 .4 3 .9 8 .8 1 .7 2.5 7.9 2.0 19 .9 0 .4 0.3 0.0 47 .7 

2016 0 .4 3 .7 8 .2 1 .6 2.3 7.4 1 .9 18 .6 03 0.3 0.0 44 .6 

2017 0 .3 3 .3 7 .4 1 .4 2.1 6.6 1 .7 16 .7 0 .3 03 0 .0 40 .1 

2018 02 1 .9 4.3 0 .8 1 .2 3.8 1 .0 9 .7 02 02 0 .0 233 

2019 0.2 1 .8 4.0 0.8 1 .1 3 .6 0.9 9.0 0.2 02 0.0 21 .6 

2020 0 .2 1 .6 3 .7 0 .7 1 .0 3 .3 0.8 8 .4 0 .2 0 .1 0 .0 20 .0 
n 0 

on7 

0 

O 

n 

V 

Table B-51 

LA/TX Population 

Resulting from All Activities 

-- Mobile OCS Production - 

TOTAL 

1982 766 .3 

1983 1223 .4 

1984 4609 .6 

1985 6483 .6 

1986 2575 .2 

1987 5167 .7 

1988 3122 .5 

1989 2404 .6 

1990 5490 .5 

1991 6148 .6 

1992 4463 .4 

1993 6972 .5 

1994 10407.2 

1995 3176 .0 

1996 4144.0 

1997 3323 .0 

1998 3625.8 

1999 2517.0 

2000 3589.4 

2001 484 .9 

2002 466 .9 

2003 437 .4 

2004 408 .1 

2005 378 .7 

2006 352 .6 

2007 328 .4 

2008 303 .9 

2009 274.9 

2010 221 .8 

2011 200.0 

2012 165 .7 

2013 152 .1 

2014 137 .8 

2015 92 .3 

2016 86 .3 

2017 77 .6 

2018 45 .1 

2019 41 .7 

2020 38 .8 
Table B-52 

LA/TX Employment 

00 by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M TOTAL 

Drillin Gas 

Treatment 

1982 1,231 .2 - - - - 1,231 .2 

1983 1,5643 - - - - 1,5643 

1984 4,088 .1 - 162 .9 - - 4,250 .9 

1985 5,478 .8 86 .8 159 .4 - - 5,725 .0 

1986 2,515 .4 531 .5 - 84 .9 - 3,131 .8 

1987 2,965 .2 - 1,2323 500 .1 - 4,697 .6 

1988 2,114 .9 - 1,141 .8 40.7 11 .9 3,309 .4 

1989 1,2073 395.3 145 .2 197 .3 15 .8 1,960 .9 

1990 2,378 .6 1,309 .4 1,759 .0 416.7 23.3 5,887 .0 

1991 3,985 .2 1,803 .9 2,382 .4 404.2 41 .1 8,616 .8 

1992 1,873 .5 1,282 .6 2,8513 432.7 221 .4 6,661 .6 

1993 1,945 .0 949.6 3,707 .6 744 .0 239.0 7,585 .3 

1994 3,226 .9 112 .8 2,426 .5 - 374.4 6,140 .5 

1995 1,004 .8 332.4 1,273 .4 - 374.4 2,985 .1 

1996 1,711 .2 379.4 516 .2 - 368.7 2,975 .5 

1997 1,785 .1 1,088 .5 - 33 .7 414.7 3,322 .0 

1998 1,439 .6 560 .1 103 .9 - 451 .7 2,5553 

1999 1,834 .0 1273 415.7 33 .9 491 .4 2,902 .3 

2000 9873 509 .2 415.7 - 528.8 2,441 .0 

2001 436.1 - 103 .9 - 525.9 1,066 .0 

2002 - - - - 509.0 509.0 

2003 436.1 - 103 .9 - 487.2 1,027 .2 

2004 - - - - 462.1 462.1 

2005 - - - - 431 .4 431 .4 

2006 - - - - 400.1 400.1 

2007 - - - - 363 .9 363.9 

2008 - - - - 341 .9 341 .9 

2009 - - - - 290.9 290.9 

oV 2010 - - - - 244.0 244.0 

2011 - - - - 225 .8 225.8 

p 2012 - - - - 200.4 200.4 

2013 - - - - 185 .7 185 .7 

p 2014 - - - - 171.4 171 .4 

0 2015 - - - - 141 .5 141 .5 

2016 - - - - 113 .2 1132 

2017 - - - - 104.5 104 .5 

2018 - - - - 83 .9 83 .9 

2019 - - - - 78.6 78.6 

2020 - - - - 73 .9 73 .9 
n O 

a 

a 

A 

n7 

O 

O 

n 

b 

Table B-53 

LA/TX Employment 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing 08G Construction Svcs., AQ., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 114 .8 3899 16 .6 507.2 9 .1 193 .7 1,231 .2 

1983 145 .8 495.4 21 .0 644.4 11 .6 246 .0 1,5643 

1984 437.7 1,294 .9 89 .1 1,730 .1 31 .4 667 .7 4,250 .9 

1985 576.6 1,735 .4 135 .4 2,333.4 42 .4 901 .8 5,725 .0 

1986 310.0 797.5 236.8 1,257.2 233 507 .1 3,131 .8 

1987 771 .4 941 .2 472.6 1,738 .9 33 .3 740 .2 4,697 .6 

1988 600.1 672.2 284.2 1,214.4 23 .4 515 .1 3,309 .4 

1989 237.5 384.6 247.3 7563 14 .4 320 .7 1,960 .9 

1990 1,047 .8 759.8 977.5 2,104 .4 41 .8 955 .7 5,887 .0 

1991 1,473 .1 1,271 .5 1,290 .0 3,126.8 61 .5 1,393 .8 8,616 .8 

1992 1,386 .5 617.4 1,233 .0 2,305.5 46 .5 1,072 .7 6,661 .6 

1993 1,692 .7 642.4 1,416 .6 2,571 .0 52 .2 1,2103 7,585 .3 

1994 1,171 .6 1,055 .8 657 .7 2,253.9 43 .1 958.4 6,140 .5 

1995 589.9 351 .0 457.7 1,091 .7 21 .0 473.7 2,985 .1 

1996 397.9 573.3 322.8 1,182.4 21 .7 477.4 2,975 .5 

1997 317.0 600.9 467.1 1,358.9 24 .9 553 .2 3,322 .0 

1998 254.0 493.9 306.9 1,062.8 19 .1 418.7 2,5553 

1999 352.8 621 .8 255.5 1,189.2 21 .2 461 .7 2,902 .3 

2000 316.8 3573 363.7 986.9 17 .9 398 .4 2,441 .0 

2001 95 .4 181 .4 124 .3 485.8 7 .9 171 .2 1,066 .0 

2002 18 .0 41 .7 93.6 267.8 3 .9 84 .0 509 .0 

2003 94 .0 178 .2 117 .2 465.4 7 .7 164 .8 1,027 .2 

2004 16 .3 37.9 84 .9 243.1 3 .6 763 462.1 

2005 15 .3 35.4 793 227.0 3 .3 71 .2 431 .4 

2006 14 .1 32.8 73 .5 210.5 3 .1 66 .0 400.1 

2007 12 .9 29.8 66 .9 191 .4 2 .8 60 .0 363.9 

2008 12 .1 28.0 62 .8 179.9 2 .6 56 .4 341 .9 

2009 10 .3 23.9 53 .5 153.1 2 .2 48.0 290.9 

2010 8 .6 20.0 44.9 128.4 1 .9 403 244.0 

2011 8 .0 18 .5 41 .5 118.8 1 .7 373 225.8 

2012 7 .1 16 .4 36.8 105.5 1 .5 33 .1 200.4 

2013 6 .6 15 .2 34.1 97.7 1 .4 30 .6 185 .7 

2014 6 .1 14 .1 31 .5 90.2 1 .3 28 .3 171 .4 

2015 5 .0 11 .6 26.0 74.4 1 .1 23 .3 141 .5 

2016 4 .0 9 .3 20.8 59.5 0 .9 18 .7 113 .2 

2017 3 .7 8 .6 19 .2 55 .0 0 .8 17 .2 104 .5 

2018 3 .0 6 .9 15 .4 44.1 0 .6 13 .8 83 .9 

2019 2 .8 6 .4 14 .5 41 .4 0 .6 13 .0 78 .6 

2020 2 .6 6 .1 13 .6 38.9 0 .6 122 73 .9 
Table B-54 

LA/TX Employment 

O by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coas tal Alabama Production - 

OK 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Trans p . Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 10 .1 - 16 .6 114 .8 62 .8 193 .7 45 .3 380.2 9.1 8 .8 389.9 1,231 .2 

1983 12 .9 - 21 .0 145 .8 79 .7 246.0 57.6 483 .0 11 .6 11 .2 495.4 1,5643 

1984 34.9 0 .2 89 .1 437.7 212.6 667 .7 156.1 1,296.1 31 .4 30.3 1,294) 4,250 .9 

1985 47.1 0 .3 135 .4 576 .6 286.6 901 .8 210.5 1,7483 42 .4 40.8 1,735 .1 5,725 .0 

1986 26.7 0 .9 236 .8 310.0 150 .4 507 .1 115 .7 942.2 233 22.2 796 .6 3,131 .8 

1987 39.0 2.1 472.6 771 .4 1973 740 .2 169.2 1,300.1 33 .3 33.2 939.1 4,697 .6 

1988 26.9 2.5 284.2 600.1 139 .4 515 .1 118 .8 905 .9 23 .4 23.5 669.8 3,309 .4 

1989 17 .0 2.3 247.3 237.5 86 .4 320.7 72 .0 567 .0 14 .4 13 .8 382.3 1,960 .9 

1990 50 .5 6 .5 977.5 1,047 .8 228.9 955.7 212 .8 1,570 .9 41 .8 41 .4 7533 5,887 .0 

1991 73.5 9.4 1,290 .0 1,473 .1 346.1 1,393 .8 312 .1 2,334 .5 61 .5 60.7 1,262 .1 8,616 .8 

1992 56 .5 24.0 1,233 .0 1,386 .5 241 .3 1,072 .7 239 .3 1,721 .6 46 .5 46.7 5933 6,661 .6 

1993 63.8 26.4 1,416 .6 1,692 .7 264.5 1,210 .3 270 .5 1,918 .9 52 .2 53 .2 616.0 7,5853 

1994 49.8 33.9 657.7 1,171 .6 251 .3 958.4 221 .6 1,687 .7 43 .1 43 .5 1,021 .9 6,140 .5 

1995 24.6 32.8 457.7 589.9 116 .1 473.7 108 .7 821 .2 21 .0 21 .0 318 .2 2,985 .1 

1996 24.9 31 .4 322.8 397.9 133 .8 477.4 110 .4 892 .2 21 .7 21 .0 541 .9 2,975 .5 

1997 29.1 35.6 467.1 317.0 153 .9 553.2 125 .3 1,027 .2 24 .9 23 .4 565 .3 3,322 .0 

1998 21 .9 38.0 306.9 254.0 120 .2 418.7 96 .6 806 .1 19 .1 18 .0 455 .9 2,5553 

1999 24.0 41 .0 255.5 352.8 1353 461 .7 108 .4 900 .9 21 .2 20.6 580 .8 2,9023 

2000 20.8 44.6 363.7 316.8 107 .4 398.4 91 .9 749 .7 17 .9 17 .2 312 .7 2,441 .0 

2001 8 .8 43 .2 124 .3 95.4 52.0 171 .2 41 .7 375 .8 7 .9 7 .5 138 .1 1,066 .0 

2002 4.2 41 .7 93.6 18 .0 26.2 84.0 21 .4 212.4 3 .9 3 .6 - 509 .0 

2003 8 .5 40.1 117 .2 94.0 50.0 164 .8 40 .1 359 .6 7 .7 73 138 .1 1,027 .2 

2004 3.9 37.9 84.9 163 23 .8 763 19 .4 192 .9 3.6 3 .2 - 462.1 

C~ 2005 3 .6 35 .4 79.3 153 22.2 71 .2 18 .1 180 .1 3.3 3 .0 - 431 .4 

A 2006 3 .3 32.8 73.5 14 .1 20.6 66.0 16 .8 167 .0 3.1 2 .8 - 400.1 

2007 3 .0 29.8 66.9 12 .9 18 .7 60.0 153 151 .9 2.8 2.5 - 363.9 

'r 2008 2.8 28.0 62.8 12 .1 17 .6 56.4 14 .4 142 .7 2.6 2 .4 - 341 .9 

2009 2.4 23 .9 53.5 10 .3 15 .0 48.0 12 .2 121 .4 2.2 2 .0 - 290.9 

p. 2010 2.0 20.0 44.9 8.6 12 .5 403 103 101 .9 1 .9 1 .7 - 244.0 

2011 1 .9 18 .5 41 .5 8.0 11 .6 373 9 .5 94.2 1 .7 1 .6 - 225.8 

s~ 2012 1 .7 16 .4 36.8 7.1 10 .3 33 .1 8 .4 83 .7 1 .5 1 .4 - 200.4 

tr1 2013 1 .5 15 .2 34.1 6.6 9.5 30.6 7 .8 77 .5 1 .4 13 - 185 .7 

0 2014 1 .4 14 .1 31 .5 6.1 8 .8 283 7 .2 71 .5 1 .3 12 - 171 .4 

O 2015 1 .2 11 .6 26.0 5 .0 73 233 5 .9 59 .0 1 .1 1 .0 - 141 .5 

2016 0.9 9.3 20.8 4.0 5 .8 18 .7 4.8 47.2 0.9 0.8 - 113 .2 

2017 0.9 8.6 19 .2 3.7 5.4 17 .2 4.4 43 .6 0.8 0.7 - 104.5 

2018 0J 6 . 9 15 .4 3 .0 43 13 .8 3 .5 35 . 0 0 . 6 0 . 6 - 83 . 9 

2019 0.7 6.4 14 .5 2 .8 4 .0 13 .0 33 32 .8 0.6 0.5 - 78 .6 n 

2020 0.6 6.1 13 .6 2 .6 3 .8 12 .2 3 .1 30.8 0.6 0.5 - 73 .9 
n O 

O 

... 

O 

A 

A 

n 

0 

O 

co 

n 

a 

Table B-55 

LA/TX Population 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama 

Production - 

TOTAL 

1982 2,383 .5 

1983 3,0283 

1984 8,229 .1 

1985 11,082 .6 

1986 6,062 .6 

1987 9,093 .8 

1988 6,406 .4 

1989 3,795 .9 

1990 11,396 .2 

1991 16,680.6 

1992 12,895 .6 

1993 14,683 .8 

1994 11,887 .0 

1995 5,778 .6 

1996 5,760.1 

1997 6,430.8 

1998 4,946.7 

1999 5,618 .3 

2000 4,7253 

2001 2,063 .5 

2002 985 .3 

2003 1,988 .5 

2004 894 .5 

2005 835 .2 

2006 774 .6 

2007 704 .4 

2008 661 .8 

2009 563 .2 

2010 472 .4 

2011 437 .0 

2012 388 .0 

2013 359 .4 

2014 331 .8 

2015 273 .9 

2016 219 .1 

2017 202.2 

2018 162 .4 

2019 152 .2 

2020 143 .1 
Table B-56 

LA/TX Employment 

tv by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production - 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

1982 - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - 

1985 - - - - - - 

1986 - - - - - - 

1987 - - - - - - 

1988 - - - - - - 

1989 - - - - - - 

1990 

1991 - - - - - - 

1992 

1993 - - - - - - 

1994 356 .7 - - - - 356.7 

1995 175.2 - - - - 175.2 

1996 173 .3 - - - - 173 .3 

1997 - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - 

1999 645 .5 - 415.7 33 .9 - 1,095 .0 

2000 1,290 .9 763.8 1,621 .1 33 .9 - 3,709 .8 

2001 907 .1 543 .2 457.2 - 439 1,951 .5 

2002 662 .9 33.9 394.9 - 84.0 1,175 .8 

2003 366 .3 33.9 394.9 - 103 .1 898.3 

2004 - - - - 114 .9 114 .9 

C~ 2005 - - - - 114 .6 114 .6 

2006 - - - - 114.6 114.6 

2007 - - - - 114 .6 114 .6 

2008 - - - - 114.9 114.9 

2009 - - - - 114.6 114.6 

a 2010 - - - - 114.6 114.6 

2011 - - - - 783 783 

p 2012 - - - - 68.9 68.9 

2013 - - - - 61 .1 61 .1 

p 2014 - - - - 53 .5 53 .5 

0 2015 - - - - 47.7 47.7 

2016 - - - - 44.0 44.0 

2017 - - - - 38.2 38.2 

2018 - - - - 34.4 34.4 

2019 - - - - 30.6 30.6 

2020 - - - - 28.7 28 .7 
Table B-57 

p LA/TX Employment 

by Industry Group 

p Resulting from All Activities 

Destin Dome OCS Production - 

sj OK 

°" Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., AQ., Government Trade TOTAL 

3 Extraction TPU. FIRE 

A 

1982 - - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - - 

1985 - - - - - - - 

1986 

1987 

- 

1988 - - - - - - - 

1989 - - - - - - - 

1990 - - - - - - - 

1991 - - - - - - - 

1992 - - - - - - - 

1993 - - - - - - - 

1994 33 .2 113 .0 4.8 146 .9 2 .6 56 .1 356 .7 

1995 16.3 55 .5 2 .4 72.2 13 27 .6 175 .2 

1996 16.2 54 .9 2 .3 71 .4 13 273 173 .3 

1997 - - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - - 

1999 209.2 205 .0 107 .6 395.0 7 .7 170 .5 1,095 .0 

2000 780.9 412.0 618.2 1,278 .6 25 .9 594 .1 3,709 .8 

2001 310.8 292 .2 293 .3 722 .8 14 .1 318.2 1,951 .5 

2002 206.2 217 .4 118 .2 441 .4 83 1843 1,175 .8 

2003 179.2 125 .0 117 .7 329.2 6 .3 140 .8 8983 

2004 4 .1 9 .4 21 .1 60.5 0 .9 19 .0 114 .9 

2005 4 .l 9 .4 21 .1 60.3 0 .9 189 114 .6 

2006 4.l 9 .4 21 .1 60.3 0 .9 18 .9 114 .6 

2007 4.l 9.4 21 .1 60 .3 0.9 18 .9 114.6 

2008 4.1 9 .4 21 .1 60.5 0 .9 19 .0 114 .9 

2009 4.1 9 .4 21 .1 60.3 0 .9 18 .9 114 .6 

2010 4.1 9 .4 21 .1 60.3 0 .9 18 .9 114 .6 

2011 2.8 6 .4 14.4 41 .2 0 .6 12 .9 78.3 

2012 2.4 5 .7 12 .7 36.3 0 .5 11 .4 68.9 

2013 2.2 5 .0 11 .2 32.2 0 .5 10 .1 61 .1 

2014 l .9 4.4 9 .8 28.1 0 .4 8 .8 53 .5 

2015 1 .7 3 .9 8 .8 25 .1 0 .4 7 .9 47.7 

2016 1 .6 3.6 8 .1 23 .2 0 .3 7 .3 44.0 

2017 1 .4 3 .1 7 .0 20.1 0 .3 6.3 38 .2 

2018 1 .2 2.8 6 .3 18 .1 0 .3 5 .7 34.4 

2019 1 .1 2.5 5 .6 16 .1 0 .2 5 .0 30.6 

2020 1 .0 2.4 5.3 15 .1 0.2 4.7 28 .7 
Table B-58 

LA/TX Employment 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production - 

OK 

Agriculture O&G ConDD. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1985 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1986 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1987 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1988 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1989 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1990 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1991 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1992 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1993 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1994 2.9 - 4.8 33.2 18 .2 56.1 13 .1 110 .1 2.6 2.5 113 .0 356.7 

1995 1 .4 - 2.4 16 .3 8.9 27.6 6 .5 54 .1 13 1 .3 55 .5 175 .2 

1996 1 .4 - 2.3 16 .2 8.8 273 6 .4 53 .5 1 .3 1 .2 54.9 173 .3 

1997 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1999 8 .9 0.6 107 .6 209.2 44.7 170 .5 39 .2 294 .4 7 .7 7 .8 204 .4 1,095 .0 

2000 31 .2 3.1 618.2 780.9 137 .6 594.1 132 .8 950 .9 25 .9 26.1 408 .8 3,709 .8 

2001 16 .7 4.9 293.3 310.8 80.7 318.2 713 540 .4 14 .1 13 .7 2873 1,951 .5 

2002 9.6 7 .4 118 .2 206.2 49.7 1843 42 .7 331 .1 8 .3 83 209 .9 1,175 .8 

2003 7 .3 9.0 117 .7 179.2 35 .6 140 .8 32 .6 247 .5 6 .3 63 116 .0 8983 

2004 1 .0 9.4 21 .1 4.1 5 .9 19 .0 4 .8 48 .0 0 .9 0 .8 - 114 .9 

C~ 2005 1 .0 9.4 21 .1 4.1 5 .9 18 .9 4 .8 47 .8 0 .9 0 .8 - 114 .6 

2006 1 .0 9.4 21 .1 4.1 5 .9 18 .9 4 .8 47 .8 0 .9 0 .8 - 114 .6 

2007 1 .0 9.4 21 .1 4.1 5 .9 18 .9 4 .8 47 .8 0 .9 0 .8 - 114 .6 

2008 1 .0 9.4 21 .1 4.1 5 .9 19 .0 4 .8 48 .0 0 .9 0 .8 - 114 .9 

2009 1 .0 9.4 21 .1 4.1 5 .9 18 .9 4 .8 47 .8 0 .9 0 .8 - 114 .6 

p.. 2010 1 .0 9.4 21 .1 4.1 5 .9 18 .9 4 .8 47 .8 0 .9 0 .8 - 114 .6 

2011 0.7 6.4 14 .4 2.8 4.0 12 .9 33 32 .7 0 .6 0 .5 - 78.3 

2012 0.6 5 .7 12 .7 2.4 3 .5 11 .4 2 .9 28 .8 0 .5 0 .5 - 68 .9 

2013 0.5 5 .0 11 .2 2.2 3 .1 10 .1 2 .6 25 .5 0 .5 0 .4 - 61 .1 

O 2014 0.4 4.4 9.8 1 .9 2.7 8.8 2 .2 22 .3 0 .4 0 .4 - 53 .5 

O 2015 0.4 3 .9 8.8 1 .7 2.5 7.9 2 .0 19 .9 0 .4 0 .3 - 47 .7 

2016 0.4 3 .6 8.1 1 .6 2 .3 7.3 1 .9 18 .4 03 0 .3 - 44 .0 

2017 0.3 3 .1 7.0 1 .4 2 .0 63 1 .6 15 .9 0 .3 0 .3 - 38 .2 

2018 0.3 2.8 63 1 .2 1 .8 5 .7 1 .4 14 .3 03 0 .2 - 34 .4 

n 2019 03 2.5 5 .6 1 .1 1 .6 5 .0 13 12 .8 0 .2 0 .2 - 30 .6 

2020 0.2 2.4 5 .3 1 .0 1 .5 4.7 1 .2 12 .0 0 .2 02 - 28 .7 
n 0 

an 

0 

0 

<o 

a 

Table B-59 

LA/TX Population 

Resulting from All Activities 

-- Destin Dome OCS Production -- 

TOTAL 

1982 - 

1983 - 

1984 - 

1985 - 

1986 - 

1987 - 

1988 - 

1989 - 

1990 - 

1991 - 

1992 - 

1993 - 

1994 690 .5 

1995 339 .2 

1996 335 .5 

1997 - 

1998 - 

1999 2,119 .8 

2000 7,181 .5 

2001 3,777.7 

2002 2,276 .1 

2003 1,739 .0 

2004 222 .4 

2005 221.8 

2006 221 .8 

2007 221 .8 

2008 222 .4 

2009 221 .8 

2010 221 .8 

2011 151 .6 

2012 133 .5 

2013 118 .3 

2014 103 .5 

2015 92 .4 

2016 853 

2017 73 .9 

2018 66 .5 

2019 59 .2 

2020 55 .6 
Table B-60 

LA/TX Personal Income 

q by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production - 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

1982 283 - - - - 283 

1983 31 .6 - - - - 31 .6 

1984 63 .4 - - - - 63 .4 

1985 77.6 2.8 - - - 80.5 

1986 41 .1 17 .4 - 1 .8 - 60.2 

1987 23 .8 - 32.6 10 .8 - 67 .2 

1988 23 .8 - 31 .9 0 .9 0.4 56.9 

1989 5 .8 12 .9 - 43 0.5 23 .4 

1990 33 .7 27.9 29.6 9 .0 0.8 101 .0 

1991 83 .1 49.9 38.1 8 .7 1 .2 181 .1 

1992 373 38.4 55 .1 93 4 .2 144 .3 

1993 36.1 203 54.5 16 .0 4 .8 131 .7 

1994 9.6 - 7.8 - 8 .2 25 .6 

1995 21 .8 3 .3 12.5 - 7 .5 45 .1 

1996 9.9 3 .9 6.9 - 7 .3 27 .9 

1997 39.2 6 .6 - 0 .7 7 .5 54 .0 

1998 11 .0 - 3 .5 - 8 .4 22 .9 

1999 37.5 - 6.9 0 .7 8 .8 54 .0 

2000 6.9 - 3 .5 - 9 .3 19.6 

2001 14 .8 - 3 .5 - 9.1 27 .4 

2002 - - - - 8 .9 8 .9 

2003 14 .8 - 3 .5 - 8 .7 26.9 

2004 - - - - 8 .3 8 .3 

c~ Zoos - - - - 7.s 7.s 

2006 - - - - 7 .2 7 .2 

h 2007 - - - - 6.4 6.4 

2008 - - - - 6 .1 6.1 

a' 2009 - - - - 4 .9 4 .9 

O- 2010 - - - - 4.3 4 .3 

2011 - - - - 4.1 4.1 

Q 2012 - - - - 3 .8 3 .8 

2013 - - - - 3 .6 3 .6 

p 2014 - - - - 3 .3 3 .3 

0 2015 - - - - 3 .1 3 .1 

2016 - - - - 2 .3 23 

2017 - - - - 2 .1 2 .1 

2018 - - - - 2 .0 2 .0 

2019 - - - - 1 .9 1 .9 

2020 - - - - 1 .8 1 .8 
O O 

. . . 

O 

A 

A 

n7 

0 

0 

n' 

n 

a 

V 

Table B-61 

LA/TX Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

-Alabama State Production-- 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Ag., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU, FIRE 

1982 4.5 9.8 0 .4 10.5 03 2.8 283 

1983 5 .1 11 .0 0 .4 11 .7 03 3 .2 31 .6 

1984 10 .2 22.0 0 .8 23 .5 0.6 6.4 63.4 

1985 13 .0 26.9 1 .9 29.7 0J 8.1 80.5 

1986 10 .2 14 .3 6 .9 21 .8 0.6 6.5 60.2 

1987 20.1 8.4 10 .5 21 .0 0.6 6.7 67.2 

1988 182 8.4 6 .9 173 0.5 5 .7 56.9 

1989 4.1 2.1 6 .0 8 .3 02 2.7 23.4 

1990 25.5 12 .0 18 .8 33 .1 0.9 10.8 101 .0 

1991 41 .4 29.2 28 .3 61 .1 1 .7 19.3 181 .1 

1992 39.7 13 .8 28 .1 46.2 1 .3 153 1443 

1993 36.8 13 .4 24 .4 423 1 .2 13 .6 131 .7 

1994 5 .5 4.4 33 9.7 0.2 2 .5 25.6 

1995 10 .1 8.6 53 16.1 0.4 4.6 45.1 

1996 5 .8 4.4 4 .2 10.4 03 2 .8 27.9 

1997 8 .1 14 .6 4 .4 20.8 0.5 5 .5 54.0 

1998 3.8 4.9 2 .5 9.2 02 2 .3 22.9 

1999 9.7 14 .2 3 .9 20.4 0.5 5 .4 54.0 

2000 3.2 3 .6 2 .6 8 .1 0.2 1 .9 19 .6 

2001 4.4 6.3 2 .7 11 .0 0.3 2.7 27.4 

2002 0 .5 1 .2 1 .8 4.5 0.1 0.8 8.9 

2003 4.4 63 2 .6 10.8 03 2 .7 26.9 

2004 0 .5 1 .1 1 .7 4.2 0.1 0.8 83 

2005 0 .4 1 .0 1 .6 4.0 0 .1 0.7 7.8 

2006 0 .4 0.9 1 .5 3 .7 0.1 0.7 7.2 

2007 03 0.8 1 .3 3 .3 0 .1 0.6 6.4 

2008 0 .3 0.8 1 .2 3 .1 0 .1 0.6 6.1 

2009 03 0.6 1 .0 2.5 0 .0 0.5 4.9 

2010 0 .2 0.6 0.9 2.2 0 .0 0.4 43 

2011 0 .2 0.5 0 .8 2.1 0.0 0.4 4.1 

2012 0 .2 0.5 0 .8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3.8 

2013 0 .2 0.5 0 .7 1 .8 0.0 0.3 3.6 

2014 0 .2 0.4 0 .7 1 .7 0.0 0.3 33 

2015 0 .2 0.4 0 .6 1 .6 0.0 03 3.1 

2016 0 .1 0.3 0 .5 12 0.0 0.2 23 

2017 0 .1 0.3 0 .4 1 .1 0 .0 0.2 2.1 

2018 0 .1 0.3 0 .4 1 .0 0 .0 0.2 2.0 

2019 0 .1 0.2 0 .4 1 .0 0.0 0.2 1 .9 

2020 0 .1 0.2 0 .4 0.9 0 .0 0.2 1 .8 
Table B-62 

LA/TX Personal Income 

00 by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Alabama State Production - 

OK 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Trans p. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 0.1 - 0.4 4.5 1 .9 2.8 0 .9 7 .7 0 .3 0 .0 9.8 283 

1983 0.1 - 0.4 5 .1 2.1 3 .2 1 .0 8 .5 03 0 .1 11 .0 31 .6 

1984 0.2 - 0.8 10.2 4.1 6.4 1 .9 17 .1 0 .6 0 .1 22.0 63 .4 

1985 0.2 0.0 1 .9 13 .0 5 .2 8.1 2 .5 21 .7 0 .7 0.1 26.9 80.5 

1986 0.2 0.1 6 .9 10.2 3 .7 6.5 1 .9 16 .0 0 .6 0 .1 14 .2 60.2 

1987 0.2 0.1 10 .5 20.1 3 .4 6.7 2 .0 153 0 .6 0.1 8 .3 67.2 

1988 0.2 0.1 6 .9 18 .2 2.8 5 .7 1 .7 12 .6 0 .5 0.1 8 .3 56.9 

1989 0.1 0.1 6 .0 4.1 13 2.7 0 .7 62 0 .2 0.0 2 .0 23 .4 

1990 0.3 03 18 .8 25 .5 53 10 .8 3 .1 24 .3 0 .9 0.2 11 .7 101 .0 

1991 0.5 0.4 283 41 .4 9.9 193 5 .6 44 .8 1 .7 0.3 28.8 181 .1 

1992 0.4 0.8 28 .1 39.7 7.2 15 .3 4.4 34 .0 13 03 13 .0 1443 

1993 0.4 0.9 24 .4 36.8 6.7 13 .6 4.0 31 .0 1 .2 0.2 12 .5 131 .7 

1994 0.1 1 .1 33 5 .5 1 .5 2.5 0 .8 7 .3 02 0.0 3.3 25 .6 

1995 0.1 1 .0 53 10.1 2 .6 4.6 1 .4 12 .0 0 .4 0.1 7 .5 45 .1 

1996 0.1 1 .0 4 .2 5 .8 1 .6 2.8 0 .9 7 .8 03 0.0 3.4 27 .9 

1997 0.2 1 .0 4 .4 8 .1 3 .5 5 .5 1 .7 15 .4 0 .5 0.1 13 .6 54 .0 

1998 0.1 1 .1 2 .5 3 .8 1 .4 2 .3 0 .7 7 .0 0 .2 0.0 3.8 22 .9 

1999 0.1 1 .2 3 .9 9.7 3 .4 5 .4 1 .7 15 .1 0 .5 0.1 13 .0 54 .0 

2000 0.1 1 .2 2 .6 3 .2 1 .2 1 .9 0 .6 6 .2 0 .2 0.0 2.4 19 .6 

2001 0.1 1 .2 2 .7 4 .4 1 .7 2 .7 0 .9 83 03 0.0 5 .1 27 .4 

2002 0.0 1 .2 1 .8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0 .3 3 .5 0 .1 0.0 - 8 .9 

2003 0.1 1 .1 2 .6 4 .4 1 .7 2 .7 0 .8 8 .1 03 0.0 5 .1 26 .9 

2004 0.0 1 .1 1 .7 0.5 0.6 0.8 03 3 .3 0 .1 0.0 - 83 

C~ 2005 0.0 1 .0 1 .6 0.4 0.6 0.7 03 3 .1 0 .1 0.0 - 7 .8 

A 2006 0.0 0.9 1 .5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0 .2 2 .9 0 .1 0.0 - 7 .2 

2007 0.0 0.8 1 .3 03 0.5 0.6 0 .2 2 .6 0 .1 0.0 - 6 .4 

2008 0.0 0.8 1 .2 03 0.4 0.6 0.2 2 .4 0 .1 0.0 - 6 .1 

2009 0.0 0.6 1 .0 03 03 0.5 0.2 2 .0 0 .0 0.0 - 4 .9 

p. 2010 0.0 0.6 0 .9 0 .2 03 0.4 0.1 1 .7 0 .0 0.0 - 43 

2011 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0.4 0.1 1 .6 0 .0 0.0 - 4 .1 

2012 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 0.3 0.4 0.1 1 .5 0 .0 0.0 - 3 .8 

2013 0.0 0.5 0 .7 0 .2 0.3 03 0.1 1 .4 0 .0 0.0 - 3 .6 

0 2014 0.0 0.4 0 .7 0 .2 0.2 0 .3 0.1 1 .3 0 .0 0.0 - 3 .3 

p 2015 0.0 0.4 0 .6 0 .2 0.2 0 .3 0.1 1 .2 0 .0 0.0 - 3 .1 

2016 0.0 0.3 0 .5 0 .1 0 .2 0 .2 0.1 0 .9 0 .0 0.0 - 23 

2017 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 - 2.1 

2018 0.0 0.3 0 .4 0 .1 0 .1 0 .2 0.1 0 .8 0 .0 0.0 - 2 .0 

2019 0.0 02 0 .4 0 .1 0 .1 02 0.1 0 .8 0 .0 0.0 - 1 .9 n 

v^, 2020 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 - 1 .8 
n O 

oA 

n 0 

O 

m 

n 

b 

Table B-63 

LA/TX Personal Income 

by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production - 

Exo/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

1982 13 .4 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 13 .4 

1983 21 .4 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 21 .4 

1984 75 .2 0.0 5 .4 0 .0 0 .0 80.7 

1985 108 .2 0.0 53 0 .0 0 .0 113 .5 

1986 443 0.0 0 .0 0 .8 0 .0 45 .0 

1987 76.8 0.0 8 .5 4 .6 0 .0 89.9 

1988 47.9 0.0 63 0 .4 0 .0 54.6 

1989 35 .2 0.0 4.8 1 .8 0 .0 41 .9 

1990 47.0 14 .9 29.1 3 .9 0 .0 94.8 

1991 52.1 9.0 41 .4 3 .7 0 .1 1063 

1992 26.2 3 .5 40.0 4 .0 3.2 76.9 

1993 29.9 10.7 69.2 6 .9 3.2 119.9 

1994 99.8 3 .7 73 .2 0 .0 4.2 180.9 

1995 12 .3 7 .5 30.0 0 .0 5 .0 54 .8 

1996 48.1 8 .5 10.3 0 .0 5 .0 72 .0 

1997 21 .4 28 .9 0.0 03 6 .3 56 .9 

1998 37.8 18 .3 0.0 0 .0 6 .6 62 .7 

1999 24.7 4.2 6.9 03 7 .5 43 .6 

2000 26.6 16.6 10.4 0 .0 8 .3 61 .9 

2001 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 8 .3 83 

2002 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 8 .0 8 .0 

2003 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 7 .5 7 .5 

2004 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 7 .0 7 .0 

2005 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 6 .5 6 .5 

2006 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 6 .0 6 .0 

2007 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 5 .6 5 .6 

2008 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 52 5 .2 

2009 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 4.7 4 .7 

2010 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 3.8 3 .8 

2011 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 3.4 3 .4 

2012 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 2.8 2 .8 

2013 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 2.6 2 .6 

2014 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 2.4 2 .4 

2015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 1 .6 1 .6 

2016 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 1 .5 1 .5 

2017 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 1 .3 13 

2018 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.8 0 .8 

2019 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.7 0 .7 

2020 0.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.7 0 .7 
O 

n 0 a 

oV 

n 

O 

0 

n 

Table B-64 

LA/TX Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Mobile OCS Production 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., Ag., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU. FIRE 

1982 2 .2 4 .7 0.2 5 .0 0 .1 1 .3 13 .4 

1983 3 .4 7 .4 0.3 7 .9 0 .2 2 .1 21 .4 

1984 14 .5 26.1 2.0 293 0 .7 8 .1 80.7 

1985 19 .7 37 .6 2.4 41 .5 1 .0 11 .4 113 .5 

1986 7 .2 15 .4 0.8 16 .7 0 .4 4.5 45.0 

1987 16 .8 26 .7 43 32.3 0 .8 9 .0 89.9 

1988 10 .5 16 .6 1 .9 19.5 0 .5 5 .5 54.6 

1989 8 .1 12 .2 2.0 14.9 0 .4 4.2 41 .9 

1990 24 .0 16 .4 12 .5 31 .2 0 .9 9 .8 94.8 

1991 29 .1 18 .2 13 .0 34.2 0 .9 10 .8 106 .3 

1992 23 .5 9 .6 11 .4 24.0 0 .7 7 .7 76.9 

1993 39 .0 11 .0 20.5 36.2 1 .0 12 .2 119 .9 

1994 49 .5 353 17 .6 58.8 1 .6 18 .1 180 .9 

1995 17 .0 5 .0 9.5 17.1 0 .5 5 .6 54.8 

1996 14 .2 17 .4 6.4 25 .9 0 .7 7 .4 72.0 

1997 9 .4 8 .3 11 .2 21 .0 0 .6 6 .4 56.9 

1998 9 .9 14 .0 7.9 23 .5 0 .6 6 .7 62.7 

1999 83 9 .6 4.7 16.2 0 .4 4.4 43 .6 

2000 12 .6 10 .4 9.5 22.3 0 .6 6 .6 61 .9 

2001 0 .5 1 .1 1 .7 4.2 0 .1 0.8 8.3 

2002 0 .4 1 .0 1 .6 4.1 0 .1 0 .8 8.0 

2003 0 .4 1 .0 1 .5 3 .8 0 .1 0 .7 7 .5 

2004 0 .4 0 .9 1 .4 3 .5 0 .1 0.7 7 .0 

2005 0 .4 0 .8 13 3 .3 0 .1 0.6 6.5 

2006 03 0 .8 1 .2 3 .1 0 .1 0.6 6.0 

2007 0 .3 0 .7 1 .1 2.9 0 .1 0.5 5 .6 

2008 03 0 .7 1 .1 2.6 0 .1 0.5 52 

2009 03 0 .6 1 .0 2.4 0 .0 0.4 4.7 

2010 0 .2 0 .5 0.8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3 .8 

2011 0 .2 0 .4 0.7 1 .7 0 .0 03 3 .4 

2012 0 .2 0 .4 0.6 1 .4 0 .0 03 2 .8 

2013 0 .1 0 .3 0.5 1 .3 0 .0 0.2 2 .6 

2014 0 .1 0 .3 0.5 1 .2 0 .0 0.2 2 .4 

2015 0 .1 0 .2 0.3 0.8 0 .0 0.2 1 .6 

2016 0 .1 0 .2 03 0.8 0 .0 0.1 1 .5 

2017 0 .1 02 0.3 0.7 0 .0 0.1 1 .3 

2018 0.0 0.1 02 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.8 

2019 0 .0 0 .1 0.1 0.4 0 .0 0.1 0 .7 

2020 0 .0 0 .1 0.1 0.3 0 .0 0.1 0 .7 
n O 

oV 

n7 

0 

0 

n 

v 

Table B-65 

LA/TX Personal Income 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

-- Mobile OCS Production - 

OK 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Transa. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 0 .0 0 .0 0 .2 2.2 0 .9 13 0.4 3 .6 0.1 0.0 4.7 13 .4 

1983 0 .1 0 .0 03 3 .4 1 .4 2 .1 0.7 5 .8 0.2 0.0 7.4 21 .4 

1984 0 .2 0 .0 2 .0 14 .5 5 .1 8 .1 2.5 21 .3 0.7 0.1 26.1 80.7 

1985 03 0 .0 2 .4 19 .7 73 11 .4 3 .5 30.2 1 .0 0.2 37.5 113 .5 

1986 0 .1 0 .0 0 .8 7 .2 2.9 4.5 1 .4 12 .2 0.4 0.1 15 .4 45 .0 

1987 0 .2 0 .0 43 16 .8 5 .6 9 .0 2.7 23 .6 0.8 0.2 26.6 89.9 

1988 0 .1 0 .0 1 .9 10 .5 3 .4 5 .5 1 .7 14 .2 0.5 0.1 16 .6 54.6 

1989 0 .1 0 .0 2 .0 8 .1 2.6 4.2 1 .3 10.9 0.4 0.1 12.2 41 .9 

1990 03 0 .1 12 .5 24.0 5 .1 9 .8 2.9 22 .8 0.9 0.2 163 94.8 

1991 0 .3 0 .1 13 .0 29.1 5 .6 10 .8 3 .2 24 .9 0.9 0.2 18 .1 106.3 

1992 0 .2 0 .5 11 .4 23.5 3 .8 7 .7 23 17 .6 0.7 0.1 9.1 76.9 

1993 03 0 .6 20 .5 39.0 5 .6 12 .2 3 .6 26 .5 1 .0 0.2 10.4 119.9 

1994 0 .5 0 .7 17 .6 49.5 9.6 18 .1 5 .4 42 .9 1 .6 03 34.6 180.9 

1995 0 .2 0 .7 9 .5 17 .0 2.6 5 .6 1 .7 12 .7 0.5 0.1 43 54.8 

1996 0 .2 0 .7 6 .4 14 .2 4.3 7 .4 2.2 19 .0 0J 0.1 16.7 72 .0 

1997 0 .2 0 .9 11 .2 9.4 3.3 6 .4 1 .8 15 .6 0.6 0.1 7 .4 56.9 

1998 02 0 .9 7 .9 9.9 3 .8 6 .7 2.0 17 .4 0.6 0.1 13 .1 62 .7 

1999 0 .1 1 .0 4 .7 83 2.6 4.4 1 .4 12 .1 0.4 0.1 8 .6 43 .6 

2000 0 .2 1 .1 9 .5 12 .6 3 .5 6 .6 1 .9 16 .6 0.6 0.1 9.2 61 .9 

2001 0 .0 1 .1 1 .7 0 .5 0 .6 0 .8 03 3 .3 0.1 0.0 0.0 83 

2002 0 .0 1 .0 1 .6 0 .4 0 .6 0 .8 03 3 .2 0.1 0.0 0.0 8.0 

2003 0 .0 1 .0 1 .5 0 .4 0 .5 0 .7 0.2 3 .0 0.1 0.0 0.0 7 .5 

2004 0 .0 0 .9 1 .4 0 .4 0 .5 0 .7 0.2 2 .8 0.1 0.0 0.0 7.0 

2005 0 .0 0 .8 1 .3 0 .4 0 .5 0 .6 0.2 2 .6 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.5 

2006 0 .0 0 .8 1 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0 .6 0.2 2 .4 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.0 

2007 0 .0 0 .7 1 .1 03 0 .4 0 .5 0.2 2 .2 0.1 0.0 0.0 5 .6 

2008 0 .0 0.7 1 .1 03 0 .4 0 .5 0.2 2 .1 0.1 0.0 0.0 5 .2 

2009 0 .0 0 .6 1 .0 03 0 .3 0 .4 0.2 1 .9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 

2010 0 .0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0.1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 .8 

2011 0 .0 0.4 0 .7 0 .2 0 .2 03 0.1 1 .4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 .4 

2012 0 .0 0.4 0 .6 0 .2 0 .2 03 0.1 1 .1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 

2013 0 .0 0.3 0 .5 0 .1 0 .2 0 .2 0.1 l .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 

2014 0 .0 0.3 0 .5 0 .1 0 .2 0 .2 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 

2015 0 .0 02 0 .3 0 .1 0 .1 0 .2 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 .6 

2016 0 .0 0.2 0 .3 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0 .6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 .5 

2017 0 .0 0.2 0 .3 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0 .5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 .3 

2018 0 .0 0 .1 02 0 .0 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0 .3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 

2019 0 .0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .0 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0 .3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 

2020 0 .0 0 .1 0 .1 0 .0 0 .0 0 .1 0.0 0 .3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 
N 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

C~ 2005 

2006 

ti 2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

p 2014 

p 2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2 0 1 9 

2020 

Table B-66 

LA/TX Personal Income 

by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production 

Exv/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

41 .8 - - - - 41 .8 

53 .1 - - - - 53 .1 

138 .7 - 5 .4 - - 144 .1 

185 .8 2 .8 53 - - 194 .0 

853 17 .4 - 2 .6 - 105 .3 

100 .6 - 41 .1 15 .4 - 157 .1 

71 .7 - 38 .1 1 .3 0 .4 111 .5 

40.9 12 .9 4 .8 6 .1 0 .5 65 .3 

80.7 42 .8 58 .7 12 .8 0 .8 195 .8 

135 .2 58 .9 79 .5 12 .5 1 .4 287.4 

63 .5 41 .9 95 .2 133 73 221 .3 

66.0 31 .0 123 .7 22 .9 7 .9 251 .6 

109.4 3 .7 81 .0 - 12 .4 206.5 

34.1 10 .9 42.5 - 12 .4 99.9 

58 .0 12 .4 17 .2 - 12 .2 99.9 

60.5 35 .5 - 1 .0 13 .8 110 .9 

48 .8 183 3 .5 - 15 .0 85 .6 

62.2 4 .2 13 .9 1 .0 16 .3 97.6 

33 .5 16 .6 13 .9 - 17 .6 81 .5 

14 .8 - 3 .5 - 17 .5 35 .7 

- - - - 16 .9 16 .9 

14 .8 - 3 .5 - 16 .2 34 .4 

- - - 15 .3 15 .3 

- - - - 143 14 .3 

- - - - 133 13 .3 

- - - - 12 .1 12 .1 

- - - - 113 11 .3 

9 .7 9.7 

- - - - 8 .1 8 .1 

- - - - 7 .5 7 .5 

6 .7 6 .7 

- - - - 6 .2 6 .2 

- - - - 5 .7 5 .7 

- - - - 4.7 4.7 

- - - - 3 .8 3 .8 

- - - - 3 .5 3.5 

- - - - 2 .8 2.8 

- - - - 2.6 2.6 

- - - - 2 .5 2.5 
n O 

A 

a 

n 0 

O 

n 

w 

Table B-67 

LA/TX Personal Income 

by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing O&G Construction Svcs., AQ. . Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU, FIRE 

1982 6.7 14 .5 0.5 15 .5 0 .4 4.2 41 .8 

1983 8 .5 18 .4 0.7 19.7 0 .5 53 53 .1 

1984 24.6 48.1 2 .8 52.8 13 14 .4 144 .1 

1985 32.7 64.5 43 71 .2 1 .8 19 .5 194 .0 

1986 17 .4 29.7 7 .7 38.5 1 .0 11 .0 105 .3 

1987 36.9 35 .1 14 .7 533 1 .4 15 .7 157 .1 

1988 28.7 25 .0 8 .8 36.8 1 .0 11 .1 111 .5 

1989 12 .2 14 .4 8 .0 233 0.6 6.9 653 

1990 49.4 28.4 31 .3 643 1 .8 20.6 195 .8 

1991 70.5 47.5 41 .4 95.3 2.6 30.2 287.4 

1992 63.2 23 .4 39.4 703 2.0 23 .1 2213 

1993 75.8 24.4 44 .9 78.5 2.2 25 .8 251 .6 

1994 55.0 39.8 20.9 68.4 1 .8 20.6 206.5 

1995 27.2 13 .6 14 .8 333 0.9 10 .2 99.9 

1996 20.0 21 .8 10 .7 36.2 0.9 10 .2 99.9 

1997 17 .5 22.9 15 .7 41.8 1 .1 11 .9 110 .9 

1998 13.7 19 .0 10 .4 32.8 0.8 9.0 85 .6 

1999 18.0 23 .8 8 .5 36.6 0.9 9.8 97.6 

2000 15.7 14 .0 12 .2 30.4 0.8 8 .5 81 .5 

2001 4.9 7 .4 4 .4 15 .2 03 3 .5 35 .7 

2002 0.9 2.2 3 .4 8.6 0.2 1 .6 16 .9 

2003 4.8 73 4 .1 14.6 0.3 3 .4 34.4 

2004 0.8 2.0 3 .1 7.8 0.2 1 .5 153 

2005 0.8 1 .9 2 .9 73 0.1 1 .4 143 

2006 0.7 1 .7 2 .7 6.7 0.1 13 133 

2007 0.7 1 .6 2 .4 6.1 0.1 1 .2 12 .1 

2008 0.6 1 .5 23 5 .8 0.1 1 .1 113 

2009 0.5 1 .3 2 .0 4.9 0.1 0.9 9.7 

2010 0.4 1 .1 1 .6 4.1 0.1 0.8 8.1 

2011 0.4 1 .0 1 .5 3 .8 0.1 0.7 7.5 

2012 0.4 0.9 13 3 .4 0.1 0.6 6.7 

2013 03 0.8 1 .2 3 .1 0.1 0.6 6.2 

2014 0.3 0.7 1 .2 2.9 0.1 0.5 5 .7 

2015 03 0.6 0 .9 2.4 0.0 0.4 4.7 

2016 0.2 0.5 0 .8 1 .9 0.0 0.4 3 .8 

2017 0.2 0.5 0 .7 1 .8 0.0 0.3 3 .5 

2018 0.2 0.4 0 .6 1 .4 0.0 0.3 2 .8 

2019 0.1 0.3 0 .5 1 .3 0.0 0.2 2 .6 

2020 0.1 0 .3 0.5 1 .2 0.0 0.2 2.5 
Table B-68 

LA/TX Personal Income 

by Economic Sector 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Total Coastal Alabama Producti on - 

OK 

Agriculture O&G Const. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 0.1 - 0 .5 6 .7 2.7 4.2 13 11 .3 0.4 0.1 14.5 41 .8 

1983 0.1 - 0 .7 8 .5 3.5 5 .3 1 .6 14 .3 0.5 0.1 18.4 53.1 

1984 0.4 0.0 2.8 24.6 93 14 .4 4 .4 38 .5 13 03 48.1 144 .1 

1985 0.5 0.0 43 32.7 12 .5 19 .5 5 .9 51 .9 1 .8 03 64.5 194 .0 

1986 03 0.1 7 .7 17 .4 6.6 11 .0 3 .3 28 .1 1 .0 0.2 29.6 105 .3 

1987 0.4 0.2 14 .7 36.9 9.0 15J 4 .7 38 .8 1 .4 0.3 34.9 157 .1 

1988 0.3 0.1 8 .8 28.7 6.1 11 .1 33 26 .8 1 .0 0 .2 24.9 111 .5 

1989 0.2 0.1 8 .0 12 .2 3 .9 6.9 2 .0 17 .0 0.6 0 .1 14 .2 65 .3 

1990 0.6 0.4 313 49.4 10.3 20.6 6 .0 47 .0 1 .8 03 28 .0 195 .8 

1991 0.8 0.6 41 .4 70.5 15 .4 30.2 8 .8 69 .7 2 .6 0 .5 46 .9 287.4 

1992 0 .6 13 39.4 63 .2 10.9 23.1 6 .7 51 .6 2 .0 0 .4 22 .0 221 .3 

1993 0 .7 1 .5 44.9 75 .8 12.2 25.8 7 .6 57 .5 2 .2 0 .4 22 .9 251 .6 

1994 0 .6 1 .8 20.9 55 .0 11 .1 20.6 6 .2 50 .2 1 .8 0 .4 38 .0 206.5 

1995 03 1 .7 14 .8 27 .2 5 .1 10 .2 3 .0 24.6 0 .9 0 .2 11 .8 99 .9 

1996 03 1 .7 10 .7 20 .0 5 .9 10 .2 3 .1 26.8 0 .9 0 .2 20 .1 99 .9 

1997 0 .3 1 .9 15 .7 17 .5 6.7 11 .9 3 .5 31 .1 1 .1 0 .2 21 .0 110 .9 

1998 03 2.0 10 .4 13 .7 5 .3 9.0 2 .7 24.4 0 .8 0 .2 16 .9 85 .6 

1999 0 .3 2 .2 8 .5 18 .0 6.0 9.8 3 .0 27.2 0 .9 0 .2 21 .6 97 .6 

2000 0 .2 2 .4 12 .2 15 .7 4 .7 8.5 2 .6 22.8 0 .8 0 .1 11 .6 81 .5 

2001 0 .1 23 4.4 4 .9 2 .3 3 .5 1 .1 11 .6 03 0 .1 5 .1 35 .7 

2002 0 .0 2 .2 3 .4 09 1 .2 1 .6 0 .6 6.7 0 .2 0 .0 - 16 .9 

2003 0 .1 2 .1 4 .1 4 .8 2 .2 3 .4 1 .1 11 .1 0 .3 0 .1 5 .1 34 .4 

2004 0 .0 2 .0 3 .1 0 .8 1 .1 1 .5 0 .5 6.1 0 .2 0 .0 - 15 .3 

C~ 2005 0 .0 1 .9 2 .9 0 .8 1 .0 1 .4 0 .5 5 .7 0 .1 0 .0 - 143 

A 2006 0 .0 1 .7 2 .7 0 .7 0 .9 1 .3 0 .4 5 .3 0 .1 0 .0 - 13 .3 

2007 0 .0 1 .6 2 .4 0 .7 0 .9 1 .2 0 .4 4.8 0 .1 0 .0 - 12 .1 

2008 0 .0 1 .5 23 0 .6 0 .8 1 .1 0 .4 4.5 0 .1 0 .0 - 113 

.,, 2009 0 .0 13 2 .0 0 .5 0 .7 0.9 0.3 3 .8 0 .1 0 .0 - 9.7 

Q. 2010 0 .0 1 .1 1 .6 0 .4 0 .6 0 .8 03 3 .2 0 .1 0 .0 - 8 .1 

2011 0 .0 1 .0 1 .5 0 .4 0 .5 0 .7 0.2 3 .0 0 .1 0.0 - 7 .5 

p 2012 0 .0 0 .9 1 .3 0 .4 0 .5 0 .6 0.2 2.7 0 .1 0.0 - 6.7 

n1 2013 0 .0 0 .8 1 .2 03 0 .4 0 .6 0.2 2.5 0 .1 0.0 - 6.2 

O 2014 0 .0 0 .7 12 0 .3 0 .4 0 .5 0.2 2 .3 0 .1 0.0 - 5 .7 

O 2015 0 .0 0 .6 0 .9 03 03 0 .4 0.2 1 .9 0 .0 0.0 - 4.7 

2016 0 .0 0 .5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0 .4 0.1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 - 3.8 

2017 0 .0 0 .5 0 .7 02 0.2 0 .3 0.1 1 .4 0.0 0.0 - 3 .5 

2018 0 .0 0 .4 0 .6 0 . 2 0.2 0 .3 0.1 1 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 - 2 . 8 

n 2019 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 1 .0 0.0 0.0 - 2.6 

2020 0 .0 03 0 .5 0.1 0.2 02 0 .1 1 .0 0.0 0.0 - 2.5 
Table B-69 

p LA/TX Personal Income 

by Expenditure Category 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production - 

Exp/Dev Pipelines Platforms Onshore O&M TOTAL 

Drilling Gas 

Treatment 

1982 - - - - - - 

0 1983 - - - - - - 

1984 - - - 

1985 - - - - - - 

1986 - - - - - 

1987 

1988 - - - - - - 

1989 - - - - - - 

1990 

1991 - - - - - - 

1992 

1993 - - - - - 

1994 12 .1 - - - - 12 .1 

1995 5 .9 - - - - 5 .9 

1996 5.9 - - - - 5 .9 

1997 - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - 

1999 21 .9 - 13 .9 1 .0 - 36.8 

2000 43 .8 24 .9 54 .1 1 .0 - 123 .9 

2001 30.8 17 .7 15 .3 - 1 .5 65.2 

2002 22.5 1 .1 13 .2 - 2.8 39.6 

2003 12 .4 1 .1 13 .2 - 3.4 30.1 

2004 - - - - 3.8 3.8 

2005 - - - - 3.8 3 .8 

2006 - - - - 3.8 3.8 

2007 - - - - 3.8 3 .8 

2008 - - - - 3.8 3 .8 

2009 - - - - 3.8 3 .8 

2010 - - - - 3.8 3.8 

2011 - - - - 2.6 2.6 

2012 - - - - 2.3 2.3 

2013 - - - - 2.0 2.0 

2014 - - - - 1 .8 1 .8 

2015 - - - - 1 .6 1 .6 

2016 - - - - 1 .5 1 .5 

2017 - - - - 13 1 .3 

2018 - - - - 1 .1 1 .1 

 2019 - - - - LO 1 .0 

2020 - - - - 1 .0 1 .0 
Table B-70 

LA/TX Personal Income 

a by Industry Group 

Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production - 

OK 

Manufacturing 08G Construction Svcs., Av., Government Trade TOTAL 

Extraction TPU . FIRE 

1982 - - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - - - - 

1984 - - - - - - - 

1985 - - - - - - - 

1986 - - - - - - - 

1987 - - - - - - - 

1988 - - - - - - - 

1989 - - - - - - - 

1990 - - - - - - - 

1991 - - - - - - - 

1992 - - - - - - - 

1993 - - - - - - - 

1994 1 .9 4.2 0.2 4.5 0 .1 1 .2 12 .1 

1995 1 .0 2.1 0.1 2.2 0 .1 0.6 5 .9 

1996 0 .9 2.0 0.1 2.2 0 .1 0.6 5 .9 

1997 - - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - - 

1999 9 .9 7 .6 33 12.0 03 3 .7 36.8 

2000 36 .1 15 .4 19 .7 38.6 1 .1 13 .0 123 .9 

2001 15 .2 10 .9 9.5 22.0 0 .6 7.0 65 .2 

2002 9 .8 8 .2 3 .8 13 .4 0 .4 4.0 39.6 

2003 8 .3 4.8 3 .8 10.0 03 3 .0 30.1 

2004 0 .2 0 .5 0.8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3 .8 

C~ 2005 0 .2 0 .5 0.8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3 .8 

2006 0 .2 0.5 0.8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3 .8 

2007 0 .2 0 .5 0.8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3 .8 

2008 0 .2 0.5 0.8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3 .8 

2009 02 0.5 0.8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3 .8 

a 2010 0 .2 0.5 0.8 1 .9 0 .0 0.4 3 .8 

2011 0 .1 0.3 0.5 13 0.0 0.2 2.6 

2012 0 .1 03 0.5 1 .2 0.0 02 23 

2013 0 .1 0.3 0.4 1 .0 0.0 0.2 2.0 

O 2014 0 .1 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.2 1 .8 

p 2015 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.0 02 1 .6 

2016 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.1 1 .5 

2017 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.1 13 

2018 0 .1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.1 1 .1 

n 2019 0 .1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 0 .1 1 .0 

2020 0 .1 0.1 02 0.5 0.0 0 .1 1 .0 
Table B-71 

p LA/TX Personal Income 

by Economic Sector 

p Resulting from All Activities 

- Destin Dome OCS Production - 

OK 

Agriculture O&G ConDD. Manuf. Transp. Trade F.I .R .E . Services Govt. Misc. Drilling TOTAL 

Extraction 

1982 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1983 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1984 

1985 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1986 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1987 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1988 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

`' 1989 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1990 - - - - - - - - - - - 

1991 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1992 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1993 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1994 0.0 - 0 .2 1 .9 0.8 1 .2 0 .4 3 .3 0 .1 0.0 4 .2 12 .1 

1995 0.0 - 0 .1 1 .0 0.4 0 .6 02 1 .6 0.1 0.0 2 .1 5 .9 

1996 0.0 - 0 .1 0 .9 0.4 0 .6 0 .2 1 .6 0.1 0.0 2 .0 5 .9 

1997 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1998 - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1999 0.1 0.0 33 9 .9 2 .0 3 .7 1 .1 8 .7 03 0.1 7 .6 36 .8 

2000 0.4 0.2 19 .7 36 .1 6.1 13 .0 3 .8 28.2 1 .1 02 15 .2 123 .9 

2001 0.2 03 9 .5 15 .2 3 .5 7 .0 2.0 16 .1 0.6 0.1 10 .7 65 .2 

2002 0.1 0.4 3 .8 9 .8 2 .2 4 .0 1 .2 9.9 0.4 0.1 7 .8 39 .6 

2003 0.1 0.5 3 .8 83 1 .6 3 .0 0 .9 7 .4 0.3 0.1 43 30 .1 

2004 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0 .4 0 .1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 - 3.8 

2005 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0 .4 0 .1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 - 3.8 

2006 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0 .4 0 .1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 - 3.8 

2007 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0 .4 0 .1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 - 3.8 

2008 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0 .4 0 .1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 - 3.8 

2009 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0 .4 0 .1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 - 3.8 

2010 0.0 0.5 0 .8 0 .2 03 0 .4 0 .1 1 .5 0.0 0.0 - 3.8 

2011 0.0 0.3 0 .5 0 .1 0 .2 02 0 .1 1 .0 0.0 0.0 - 2.6 

2012 0.0 0.3 0 .5 0 .1 0 .2 02 0 .1 0.9 0.0 0.0 - 2.3 

2013 0.0 0.3 0 .4 0 .1 0 .1 0 .2 0 .1 0.8 0.0 0.0 - 2.0 

2014 0.0 02 0 .4 0 .1 0 .1 0 .2 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 - 1 .8 

2015 0.0 02 0 .3 0 .1 0 .1 02 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 - 1 .6 

2016 0.0 0.2 0 .3 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 - 1 .5 

2017 0.0 0.2 0 .3 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 - 1 .3 

2018 0.0 0.1 0 .2 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 - 1 .1 

v 2019 0.0 0.1 02 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0.4 0 .0 0.0 - 1 .0 

2020 0.0 0.1 0 .2 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 - 1 .0 

QPQS~,ENT OpTy~' The Department of the Interior Mission 

o`' ' k~ 9 As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for 

most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering sound use of 

our land and water resources; protecting our fish, wildlife, and biological diversity; preserving the 

_ A9 environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places ; and providing for the 

qACH ~ ~~ enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation . The Department assesses our energy and mineral 

resources and works to ensure that their development is in the best interests of all our people by 

encouraging stewardship and citizen participation in their care. The Department also has a major 

responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island territories 

under U.S . administration . 

~C, The Minerals Management Service Mission 

d`~7` ~~4~ As a bureau of the Department of the Interior, the Minerals Management Service's (MMS) primary 

responsibilities are to manage the mineral resources located on the Nation's Outer Continental Shelf 

(OCS), collect revenue from the Federal OCS and onshore Federal and Indian lands, and distribute 

those revenues . 

~ANAGE76~ Moreover, in working to meet its responsibilities, the Offshore Minerals Management Program 

administers the OCS competitive leasing program and oversees the safe and environmentally sound 

exploration and production of our Nation's offshore natural gas, oil and other mineral resources. The 

MMS Royalty Management Program meets its responsibilities by ensuring the efficient, timely and 

accurate collection and disbursement of revenue from mineral leasing and production due to Indian 

tribes and allottees, States and the U.S . Treasury . 

The MMS strives to fulfill its responsibilities through the general guiding principles of : (1) being 

responsive to the public's concerns and interests by maintaining a dialogue with all potentially affected 

parties and (2) carrying out its programs with an emphasis on working to enhance the quality of life for 

all Americans by lending MMS assistance and expertise to economic development and environmental 

protection .