DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRANELIK K. LAKE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 435

PACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1916

V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI 

RIVER BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. O. HOYT and A. H. HORTON, District Engineers

Prepared In cooperation with the States of 

MINNESOTA. WISCONSIN, IOWA, and ILLINOIS

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 435

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1916

PART T. HUDSON BAI AM) UPPER MISSISSIPPI 

RIVER BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. F. HOYT and A. H. HORTON, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the States of 

MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, IOWA, and ILLINOIS

Resources Branch,

logical Survey, 

..ox 3106, Capitol Station 

Oklahoma City, Okk.

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1918
ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PEOCUEEI

THE SUPEEINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVEENMENT FEINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

15 CENTS PER COPY
CONTENTS.

Authorization and scope of work............................................... 7

Definition of terms......................................................... 8

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 9

Explanation of data........................................................ 11

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 12

Cooperation............................................. %................. 13

Division of work.......................................................... 14

Gaging-station records...................................................... 15

Hudson Bay drainage basin............................................. 15

St. Mary River near Babb* Mont.................................... 15

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta............................... 17

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont.......................... 20

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont.............................. 22

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn........... 24

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak....................................... 26

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak................................. 27

Mustinka River near "Wheaton, Minn............................... 30

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.............................. 31

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. D................................ 32

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn.......................... 33

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn................................ 35

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn ........................... 37

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.......................... 38,

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak...................................... 40

Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn........................................ 42

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn........................... 43

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn................................ 45

Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake, near Tower, Minn............ 47

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn............................... 49

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin................................. 51

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn................................ 51

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.................................. 54

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn...................... 56

Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn. >...................... 57

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn................................... 59

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.............................. 61

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn..................................... 63

Crow River at Rockford, Minn...................................... 65

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn............................ 67

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn................................ 69

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn................................. 71

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis........................................ 73

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis............................. 75

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis......../............................ 76

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.................................. 78

3
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging-station records Continued.

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued. PageSnake River near Pine City, Minn................................... 80

Apple River near Somerset, Wis.................................... 82

Cnippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis .............. 84

Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis................................... 86

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis............................. 88

West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis......... 91

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis................................ 93

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis............................... . 95

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis....................................... 97

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis................................. 99

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis.................................. 101

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis................................ 103

Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis............................... 104

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.............................. 106

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn............. 108

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.................................. 110

Black River at Neillsville, Wis.................................... 112

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis............................... 114

Root River near Houston, Minn..................................... 116

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn................... 118

Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis......... 120

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis..'................................... 122

Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis................................. 124

Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis.................................. 126

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis................................. 128

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis...................................... 131

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis................................. 133

Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis.................................... 135

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis........................... 137

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis.............................. 139

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis.................................. 141

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis..... 1............................ 143

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa..................................... 145

Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River, near

Maquoketa, Iowa................................................ 146

Rock River at Afton, Wis......................................... 148

Rock River at Rockford, 111....................................... 150

Rock River at Lyndon, 111........................................ 152

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis...................................... 154

Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111................................... 156

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.................................... 158

Iowa River near Marshalltown, Iowa............................... 160

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa.................................... 162

Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa................................. 1..... 164

Cedar River near Janesville, Iowa................................. 165

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa................................. 167

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa............................. 169

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa..................................... 170

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa..................................... 172

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa................................... 173

Dtes Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa.............................. 175
CONTENTS. . 5

Gaging-station records Continued.

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued. Page.

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa. ............................ 176

Racoon River at Van Meter, Iowa.................................. 178

Kankakee River at Momence, 111.................................. 180

Kankakee River at Custer Park, 111................................ 181

Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111................................... 183

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111.................................... 185

Fox River at Algonquin, 111....................................... 186

Fox River at Wedron, 111.......................................... 188

Vermilion River near Streator, 111.................................. 189

Spoon River at Seville, 111......................................... 191

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111................................. 192

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111.................................... 194

Sangamon River near Oakford, 111.................................. 196

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, 111.................. 197

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111.................................... 198

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111.................................. 201

Big^Muddy River at Plumfield, 111.................................. 203

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 204

Index.................................................................... 205

Appendix Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... i

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station................. 10

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez... 11
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF HUDSON BAY AND 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS, 1916.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of fourteen reports presenting results 

of measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1916.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry bills passed by Congress have carried 

the following item and appropriations :

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1895-1916.

1895......................................................... $12,500

1896.................... ^ ................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902,inclusive....................................... 100, 000

1903 to 1906, inclusive......................................... 200,000

1907........................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive....................................... 100, 000

1911 to 1916,inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowedgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on pages 13 and 14.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,100 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1916, 1,290 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In

7
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to 

publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix 

to this report.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity 

water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches and acre-feet. 

They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A 

second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of 

rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors given 

in the tables of convenient equivalents (p. 9).

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing runoff with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream below the gage which determines the stage-discharge relation 

at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the 

same section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage the gage height to which the surface of the river would fall 

if there were no flow.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V. 9 

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet -per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

(secondfeet per 

square mile).

1.. .........

2.. .........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

Run-off (depth in inches).

1 day.

0.03719

.07438 

.11157 

. 14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-oft for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet.)

1. ..........

2. ..........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

Run-off in acre-feet.

1 day.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet.)

1. ..........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7. ..........

8...........

9. ..........

Run-off in millions of cubic feet.

1 day.

0.0864 

.1728 

.2592 

.3456 

.4320 

.5184 

.6048 

.6912 

.7776

28 days.

2.419 

4.838 

7.257 

9.676 

12.10 

14.51 

16.93 

19.35 

21.77

29 days.

2.506 

5.012 

7.518 

10.02 

12.53 

15.04 

17.54 

20.05 

22.55

30 days.

2.592 

5.184 

7.776 

10.37 

12.96 

15.55 

18.14 

20.74 

23.33

31 days.

2.678 

5.356 

8.034 

10.71 

13.39 

16.07 

18.75 

21.42 

24.10

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons.

Discharge 

(secondfeet). -

1.. .........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

Run-off in millions of gallons.

Iday.

0. 6463 

1.293 

1.939 

2.585 

3.232 

3.878 

4.524 

5.171 

5.817

28 days.

18.10 

36.20 

54.30 

72.40 

90.60 

108.6 

126.7 

144.8 

162.9

29 days.

18.74 

37.48 

56.22 

74.96 

93.70 

112.4 

131.2 

149.9 

168.7

30 days.

19.39 

38.78 

58.17 

77.56 

96.95 

116.3 

135.7 

155.1 

174.5

31 days.

20. D4

40.08 

60.12 

80.16 

100.2 

120.2 

140.3 

160.3 

180.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days. 

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour.

\\ foot per second=0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour= 1.4666 

feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.]

Feet per 

second 

(units).

0.. .......

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second.

0

0.000 

.682 

1.36 

2.05 

2.73 

3.41 

4.09 

4.77 

5.45 

6.14

I

0.068 

.750 

1.43 

2.11 

2.80 

3.48 

4.16 

4.84 

5.52 

6.20

2

0.136 

.818 

1.50 

2.18 

2.86 

3.55 

4.23 

4.91 

5.59 

6.27

3

0.205 

.886 

1.57 

2.25 

2.93 

3.61 

4.30 

4.98 

5.66 

6.34

4

0.273 

.995 

1.64 

2.32 

3.00 

3.68 

4.36 

5.05 

5.73 

6.41

5

0.341 

1.02 

1.70 

2.39 

3.07 

3.75 

4.43 

6.11 

5.80 

6.48

6

0.409 

1.09 

1.77 

2.45 

3.14 

3.82 

4.50 

5.18 

5.86 

6.55

7

0.477 

1.16 

1.84 

2.52 

3.20 

3.89 

4.57 

5.25 

5.93 

6.61

8

0.545 

1.23 

1.91 

2.59 

3.27 

3.95 

4.64 

5.32 

6.00 

6.68

9

0.614 

1.30 

1.98 

2.66 

3.34 

4.02 

4.70 

5.39 

6.07 

6.75

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.1312 feet of 13.5744 

inches deep.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep.

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for one 

day.

IjOOOjOOOjOOO cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000>000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month.

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 436 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. 0. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATTR-SUPPLY PAPER 435 PLATE

STEVENS. B. GURLEY PRINTING.

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. 11

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch, deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch, deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

m , , . . . ,. Second-feetXfall in feet , ,

To calculate water power quickly: ^T =net horsepower on

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1915, and ending September 30, 1916. At the first of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of 

snow, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes 

off in the streams during the spring break-up; at the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for a 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

in that year.

'The base data collected at gaging stations (PL I, B} consist of records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information 

used to supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in 

determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder 

(PI. II) that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter by the general 

methods outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river 

discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to the gage heights, give the daily discharge from which the monthly 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 

the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements 

are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives the discharge in second-feet 

corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each day. At 

stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal fluctuation 

the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean daily gage 

height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If such 

stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily discharge may be obtained by averaging the discharge at regular intervals during the day or by use of the discharge integrator, an instrument operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as 

an essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day, it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 

"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the 

average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On 

this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, 

which are defined on page 9, are based.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanency of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy 

of observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation 

of records.

A paragraph in the description of the station or footnotes added 

to the tables gives information regarding the (1) permanence of the
COOPERATION. 13

stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating 

curve is denned, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency of 

gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage heights to the 

rating*table to obtain the daily discharge.1

For the rating tables " well defined " indicates, in general, that 

the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. These 

notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the individual 

measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high 

accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for 

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is 

less than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per square 

mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed 

studies of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding year may be expected 

to throw new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

In Montana the work was done in cooperation with the United 

States Reclamation Service and Glacier National Park. The station 

on St. Mary River at Kimball, Alberta, was maintained in cooperation 

with the Canadian Department of Interior.

In Minnesota the work was carried on in cooperation with the 

State Drainage Commission, E. V. Willard, acting State drainage 

engineer, under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied 

in joint resolution 19, which reads as follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of 

our lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally 

form one great asset and present one great problem, therefore:

i For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of 'Stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, 

J. C., Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 53-59,1916.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Be it resolved -by the house of representatives, the senate concurring, That the 

State Drainage Commission be, and is hereby, directed to investigate progress in other 

States toward the solution of said problem in such States, to investigate and determine 

the nature of said problems in this State.

The International Joint Commission installed the water-stage recorder and paid the salary of the observer at the station on Kawishiwi 

River near Winton and the United States Engineer Corps paid the 

salaries of the observers at the stations on Minnesota River near 

Montevideo and Chippewa River near Watson.

In Wisconsin the work was carried on in cooperation with the 

Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, C. M. Larson, chief engineer, and 

at certain stations with the following organization: Wisconsin-Minnesota Light '& Power Co. (Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Red 

Cedar River near Colfax, Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Red Cedar 

River at Menomonie), Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. 

(Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge near Winter and West Fork 

of Chippewa River at Lessard's near Winter).

In Iowa the work was carried on in cooperation with the Iowa 

Geological Survey, George F. Kay, director, and the Mississippi 

River Power Co. of Keokuk, Iowa.

In Illinois the work was done in cooperation with the Illinois 

State Rivers and Lakes Commission.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay basin, except in Minnesota, were collected and prepared for publication under the direction 

of W. A. Lamb, district engineer, Helena, Mont., assisted by E. F. 

Chandler, H. V. Sprague, and D. C. McKay.

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay and Mississippi River 

basins in Minnesota were collected and prepared for publication 

under the general direction of W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, Madison, 

Wis., under the immediate direction of S. B. Soule", assisted by 

E, L. Williams, R. B. Kilgore, and Ole CJuistianson; and by E. F. 

Chandler, assisted by W. B. Stevens, H. V. Sprague, and D. C. McKay.

For stations in the Mississippi River basin in Wisconsin the data 

were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of 

W. G. Hoyt, assisted by E. L. Williams, R. B. Kilgore, H. C. Beckman, and J. O. Entringer.

For stations in the Mississippi River basin in Iowa the data were 

collected under the general direction of W. G. Hoyt, under the 

immediate direction of R. H. Bolster, assisted by C. Herlofson and 

A. Davis.

The data in Mississippi River basin in Illinois were collected under 

the general direction of W. G. Hoyt, under the immediate direction
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 15

of H. C. Beckman, assisted by G. J. Trinkaus, Rector Egeland, and 

J. B. Fountain.

TJie report was assembled by B. J. Peterson.

GAGING-STATION BECOKDS.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR BABB, MONT.

[Including diversion from Swiftcurrent Creek.]

LOCATION. One-fourth mile below outlet of lower St. Mary Lake, 1,000 feet above 

the diversion dam for the St. Mary canal and 2 miles south of Babb, on Blackfeet 

Reservation, in Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 278 square miles (includes area of Swiftcurrent Creek above point 

of diversion into St. Mary Lake).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 9,1902, to September 30, 1916. Records April 9,1902, 

to September 30, 1915, do not include the flow of Swiftcurrent Creek.

GAGE. Chain gage on right bank. During the winter a temporary low-water gage 

opposite the chain gage is used. Gages read by employees of the United States 

Reclamation Service.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 560 feet below gage, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control practically permanent; bed of stream composed 

of firm gravel and cobblestones.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.25 feet at 5 p. m. 

June 21 (discharge 5,610 second-feet); minimum stage probably occurred during 

the period January 1-18, when the flow was less than 90 second-feet.

1902-1916: Maximum stage estimated at 9.4 feet June 5, 1908 (discharge 7,980 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded 1.0 foot April 3-7, 1904 (discharge 20 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for short periods.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. Natural storage in St. Mary Lakes. The flow of Swiftcurrent Creek 

was diverted into St. Mary Lake on October 1, 1915. The flow of this stream is 

slightly regulated by Sherburne Lake reservoir.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during 1916 owing to construction 

work in the channel and changes at the diversion dam; affected by ice from 

December 20 to January 18. Rating curves used as follows: October 1 to January 

18, well denned above 430 second-feet and fairly well defined below; January 

19 to June 23, well defined between 100 and 3,000 second-feet; June 24 to September 30, well defined between 200 and 5,000 second-feet. Gage read to halftenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying gage heights to 

rating tables except for periods during which stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice. Records good.

The diversion dam below the gaging station was constructed by the United States 

Reclamation Service for the purpose of diverting water from St. Mary River into 

the St. Mary canal, which carries the water across the divide into the North Fork of 

Milk River. The water then flows in the natural channel of Milk River through 

Canada and is finally used for irrigation in the Milk River Valley in Montana. The 

present capacity of the diversion canal is about 425 second-feet. A storage reservoir 

was provided on Swiftcurrent Creek by constructing a dam at the outlet of Sherburne 

Lake. By means of a diversion channel connecting Swiftcurrent Creek and Lower 

St. Mary Lake, the run-off from Swiftcurrent Creek is made available for diversion 

through St. Mary canal. The storage capacity of Sherburne reservoir is about 66 000 

acre-feet.
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Bate.

Tan 94.

Apr. 25

May 23

nt

Made by 

W.A. Lamb.... .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

A. H. Tuttle...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. i <ic.

2 -10

3.55

4

QO

6.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

133

472

1,340

2.410

4"660 '

Date.

July 17

Aug. 16

Nov. 23

Made by 

W.A. Lamb... ........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.70

4.20

2.39

1.96

.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,100

2,690

1,030

711

OCfl

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1916.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

386

430

524

626

653

653

653

600

574

C.74

549

MA

19-i

500

476

476

476

476

476

A CO

430

430

430

453

A CO

,IEQ

430

430

430

430

Nov.

490

450

430

430

420

440

420

460

eon

476

453

430

408

408

430

430

430

430

386

408

344

344

344

314

144

311

324

onj.

Dec.

304

266

266

266

248

231

231

OQ1

248

266

266

248

OQ1

215

1QQ

1QQ

184 \QA

184

Jan.

iqc

iqC

lOC

tqe

 iqe

 iqe

iqc

iqc

IOK

iqc

iqc

iqc

135

Feb.

135

135

135

135 -iqc

135

135

135

-iqc

152

168

168

168

168

IftQ

168

168

168

168

Mar.

168

168

168

168

168

168

168

Ocn

331

342

353

^R4

376

376

376

376

376

400

424

447

454

462

470

470

470

470

470

Apr.

447

424

400

400

400

376

376

376

447

447

447

470

470

470

470

AQA

AQA

518

KAO

Cfifi

KfiR

615

CfiA

CQA

*U9

KAf)

542

494

CJO

May.

640

923

802

923

988

1.060

1.490

1,800

2,130

1,860

1.800

1,720

1,720

1,490

1,270

1 ton

1 060

1*060

l'060

QOO

988

1 060

1*200

l'060

1^130

1,340

1,340

1,340

1,270

1,270

June.

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,340

1,800

1,880

2,040

2,310

2,480

2,650

2,740

2,650

2,740

2,830

S oon

3,760

4,760

5,360

5

Kf\f\

5 260

4' 760

4,210

4,100

S oon

4,320

4,650

July.

4,540

4,210

4,320

4,540

4,320

4,100

3,770

3,660

3,660

3,550

3,550

3,660

3,660

3,230

2,810

2 Ann

2 fiOft

2,500

2

CfjA

2,220

2,020

1,920

1 920

l' 740

1*740

1,570

1,570

1 <lRft

1 480

l'400

1^310

Aug.

1,230

1,230

1,160

1,160

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,230 i 9^0

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,080

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

QA(\

077

077

»77

S77

077

077

077

077

877

Sept.

877

877

1,230

1,310

1,480

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1 400

1,160

1,010

077

763

763

763

663

498

4QS

' AQR

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 1-10 estimated at 70 per cent of flow at Kimball, Dec. 20-30, estimated at 145 

second-feet, or approximately 90 per cent of flow at Kimball for same period; Jan. 1-18, estimated from flow 

at Kimball, at 90 second-feet. Discharge interpolated for days on which gage was not read, as follows: 

Oct, 31, Jan. 20-21, 23, 25-27,30, 31; Feb. 2-4, 6-7, 9,11,13-15,17-18, 20, 22-24, 26-27; Mar. 2-3, 5-6. 8,10.11. 

14, 20, 22, 25-26, 28, 30; Apr. 1, 4.

Figures in the above table include the flow of Swiftcurrent Creek which was diverted into St. Mary Lake 

on Oct. 1,1915.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 17

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 278 o square miles.]

Month.

March.............................

April..............................

July...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

653 

530 

304

168 

470 

615 

2,130 

5,560 

4,540 

1,230 

1,570

5,560

Minimum.

386 

304

135 

168 

376 

640 

1,270 

1,310 

877 

498

Mean.

498 

409 

200 

109 

156 

349 

485 

1,270 

3,290 

2,840 

1.050 

900

963

Per

square 

mile.

1.79 

1.47 

.719 

.392 

.561 

1.26 

1.74 

4.57 

11.8 

10.2 

3.78 

3.24

3.46

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

2.06 

1.64 

.83 

.45 

.60 

1.45 

1.94 

5.27 

13.17 

11.76 

4.36 

3.62

47.15

Total in 

acre-feet..

30,600 

24,300 

12,300 

6.700 

8,970 

21 500 

28,900 

78,100 

196,000 

175,000 

64,600 

53,600

701,000

o Includes drainage area of Swiftcurrent Creek above point of diversion into St. Mary Lake.

NOTE. Figures in the above table include the flow of Swiftcurrent Creek which was diverted into St. 

Mary Lake on Oct. 1, 1915.

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR KIMBALL, ALBERTA.

LOCATION. In the SW. f sec. 25, T. 1 N., R. 25 W. fourth meridian, about 1 mile 

south of Kimball, Alberta, and about 5 miles north of the international boundary.

DRAINAGE AREA. 472 square miles (measured from topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1913, to September 30, 1916. From September 4, 

1902, to December 31, 1912, records were obtained at a point one-fourth of a mile 

below the boundary line. Records were also obtained by the Irrigation Branch, 

Department of the Interior, Canada, at a point about three-fourths of a mile below 

the present station, from 1905 to 1912. The discharge at the three points is practically the same.

GAGE. A Stevens water-stage recorder with a concrete well and shelter on the right 

bank used during the open-water season. A Friez recorder was used prior to 

April 10, 1916. During the winter months a chain gage, located on the highway 

bridge 2 miles below the station, is used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable three-fourths of a mile below the 

gage; low-water measurements made by wading near the cable section.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The bed of the stream at the gage and at the control below 

is composed of boulders and sandstone ledges. The control is formed by an 

outcropping ledge of sandstone. Stage-discharge relation is affected by a large 

gravel bar which has formed on the right bank at the control.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water stage recorder 

8.08 feet at 10.30 a. m. June 22 (discharge, 8,930 second-feet); rn.iniTm.im stage, 

2.85 feet December 25 (discharge, 140 second-feet).

1902-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 12.75 feet June 5, 1908 (discharge, estimated by comparison with record for station near Babb, 18,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 70 second-feet 1 February 5, 1914.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Daily discharge computed 

from discharge measurements and records of temperature.

i Only estimates of mean monthly flow are available for the winter periods from 1902 to 1912, inclusive, 

and a lower minimum discharge may have occurred during that time.

6342° 18 WSP 435 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

DIVERSIONS. The St. Mary canal, constructed by the United States Reclamation 

Sendee, will divert water from St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., to the North 

Fork of Milk River. During June, 1916, water was turned into the canal for 

priming and puddling. The Alberta Railway & Irrigation Co. canal diverts 

from St. Mary River about 1 mile below the station.

REGULATION. The flow of Swiftcurrent Creek will be regulated by the Sherburne 

Lake reservoir, under construction by the United States Reclamation Service.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by shifting control and 

ice. Rating curves used as follows: October 1 to November 13, fairly well defined; 

June 23 to September 30, well defined between 265 and 7,840 second-feet. Stagedischarge relation affected by ice November 14 to March 23. Mean daily gage 

heights October 1 to November 14 and April 10 to September 30 obtained from 

recorder graphs by averaging the heights for hourly intervals. Chain gage at 

highway bridge used November 15 to March 23; staff gage at cable used March 24 

to April 8,, Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating tables, except for periods during which stage-discharge relation was affected by shifting control or ice. Records good.

COOPERATION. Station maintained jointly with and computations made by the Irrigation Branch, Department of the Interior of Canada.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 7

Nov. 10

12

Dec. 5 

8

22

9d

27

Tan. 10

12

Feb. 10

12

Mar. 15

23

24

9d

Apr. 5 

24

Made by 

W. H. Storey o... ......

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

V. A. Newhall. ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do................ . 

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.85

3.51

3.24

3.37 

3.32

2.93

2.85

4.55

4 53

5.07

4.97

5.17

3.27 

3.27

3.26

9 fifi

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

909

576

530

336

317

185

141

147

14.Q

149

226

509

589

621 

£42

543 

672

Date.

May 23

30

June 3 

10

20

23

26

26

July 5

11

18

26

A no- 1A

Sept. 4

26

90

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

A. H. Tuttle...........

.....do..................

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

feet. 

2.61

3.61

3.75

7.07

7 60

6.20

6.25

6.40

5.80

5.10

4.16

3.67 

4.01

2.65

9 f^fi

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

696

1,710

2,000

1,770

7,820

7 840

4,900

4,960

5,390

4,130

&3,080

1,820

1,170

1,390 

1,710

578 

511

a Engineer, Irrigation Branch, Department of the Interior, Canada.

b Measured from bridge below head of Alberta Railway & Irrigation Co. canal and flow of canal added.

NOTE. Measurements Nov. 10 and 12, Mar. 23 to Apr. 5, are referred to staff gage at cable. Measurements Dec. 5 to Mar. 15 are referred to chain gage at bridge.
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE BASIN. 19

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kiniball, Alberta, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1........ .....

2..............

3..............

4..............

5........ ......

6...... . . ...

7..............

8...... . .....

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

91

23..............

94

25........-...--

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

635

668

755

815

894

950

922

Oil

834

815

761

743

755

743

719

707

684

662

656

646

610

610

630

646

668

673

668

Nov.

630

615

615

615

630

605

590

581

568

563

545

545

526

ei e

504

471

460

438

427

416

405

394

390

383

372

354

Dec.

347

341

339

336

332

316

qi A

QAo

one

287

278

259

250

OOQ

218

9ft %

194

185

151

140

150

155

154

153

Jan.

150

152

153

154

154

153

151

149

149

149

149

149

150

154

157

165

171

178

191

255

260

261

260

256

250

242

Feb.

217

219

93 n

230

228

240

700

1,100

900

7W1

OCA

600

Vt(\

520

480

Qfift

9Qft

94ft

210

185

180

Mar.

185

190

205

240

Qfin

340

QQA

AK(\

flAfl

700

Qert

800

fieri

ECA

510

E10

C1A

516

520

524

eoc

CQO

538

541

618

620

615

620

Apr.

658

658

630

CQft

COrt

530

ejo

560

575

EQA

672

680

700

680

ccn

680

650

fi79

690

7oe

A7O

696

660

660

740

810

945

May.

1.080

1,160

1 1 ^n

1,180

1,240

1,450

1 860

2' 170

2,260

2,260

2 1 nn

1 Ofift

I s no

1,680

1,600

1,530

1 440

1^390 i ^Qft

1 400

I

Cfifi

1,600

1,690

1 son

1 990

2 inn

2,140

2,030

1,960

June.

1,980

1 Qfift

1,800

1,770

2,050

2 qoft

2,340

2 <uft

2,500

2,930

3,480

S

ERA

3 KflA

3,640

6,420

6,880

7 660

7*820

8,520

8,620

7,840

S

onft

4 970

4 990

5*, 110

5,470

6,520

6,730

July.

6,040

5.850

5,890

5,760

5,430

4,520

3 Ofift

3 QQft

4,060

4,160

4 040

4' 080

3*760

3,580

3,520

3,410

3

qin

3.100

2 860

2 fifiA

2,450

2

oon

2 160

2*, 020

1,870

1,800

1,710

1,640

1,540

Aug.

1,480

1,430

1 430

l',370

1,320

1 9Qft

1 oftA

1,410

1 CAA

1,570

1,510

1 400

l'280

1,200

1,150

-I 1 CA

1,200

1,170

i i en

1,130

1,100

1,050

1,020

988

1,060

1,050

1,040

1,020

1,000

988

Sept.

OfU

964

1,050

1,280

1 dQfi

1,720

1,780

1,700

1,430

1^280

1,170

1,080

OQfi

949

noe

880

759

724

675

654

619

612

592

578

558

544

519

490

NOTE. Discharge Apr. 10 to June 22 computed by indirect method for shifting control. Discharge 

Mar. 24 to Apr. 9 taken directly from rating curve applicable to readings on staff gage at cable. Discharge 

estimated, because of ice, Nov. 15 to Mar. 23 from study of discharge measurements, gage heights, winter 

hydrographs, and weather records. Discharge Oct. 3,10, 28, Nov. 25,28, Dec. 19,25, and 28 based on interpolated gage heights. See "Accuracy" in description of station.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 472 square miles.]

Month.

July..............................

September. . ......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

950 

630 

347 

261 

1,100 

850 

945 

2,260 

8,620 

6,040 

1,570 

1,780

8,620

Minimum.

610 

354 

140 

149 

180 

185 

530 

1,080 

1,770 

1,540 

988 

490

140

Mean.

739 

504 

243 

185 

377 

516 

664 

1,710 

4,630 

3,460 

1,230 

947

1,270

Per 

square 

mile.

1.57 

1.07 

.515 

.392 

.799 

1.09 

1.41 

3.62 

9.81 

7.33 

2.61 

2.01

2.69

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

1.81 

1.19 

.59 

.45 

.86 

1.26 

1.57 

4.17 

10.94 

8.45 

3.01 

2.24

36.54

Total in 

acre-feet.

45,400 

30,000 

14,900 

11,400 

21,700 

31,700 

39,500 

105,000 

276,000 

213,000 

75,600 

56,400

921,000
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

SWIFTCURRENT CREEK AT MANY GLACIER, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 35 N., R. 16 W., at outlet of McDermott Lake, at ManyGlacier, in Glacier National Park, about 14 miles southwest of Babb, in Teton 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 31.4 square miles (measured on topographic map of Glacier National Park).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 6, 1912, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bank at outlet of the lake, read by Oscar Montross, 

John Johansen, I. E. Patterson, H. Graff, and George Hall.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading at outlet of lake.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a limestone reef arched upstream at outlet of 

lake. Just below the control is a fall and cataract.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.75 feet at 

7 a. m. June 17 (discharge, 1,550 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.40 feet at 4.30 

p. m. April 5 (discharge, 35 second-feet).

1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 4.75 feet June 17, 1916 (discharge, 1,550 

second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 10.8 second-feet March 19, 1912, by 

current meter measurement prior to installation of gage.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, but affected by ice in 

winter. Rating curve well defined between 44 and 825 second-feet, and is an 

extension above. Gage read to quarter tenths twice daily for greater part of 

year. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table. Records good except for high stages, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Swift current Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Apr. 24

25

Made by 

A. H. Turtle. .. ........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.59

3.20

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

57

KQ7

725

Date.

July 17

Aug. 17

Made by 

.....do ...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.85

2.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

534

180
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE BASIN. 21

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

11

14...................

1 R

16...................

17...................

18...................

IQ

20...................

21...................

99

93

24...................

OK

26...................

27...................

98

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

92

141

224

208

1 GO

185

141

125

112

110

110

107

112

103

101

QQ

101

Q9

CO

00

on.

84

CO

QC

107

107

191

125

Nov.

125

110

110

107

116

116

110

103

QQ

on

90

Q1

70

71

CO

71

73

65

65

65

63

10

63

65

59

53

CO

51

Cft

50

Feb.

38

38

KG.

W

AQ

AX

OQ

41

41

39

41

38

Mar.

44

42

40

10

is

10

41

42

41

42

42

50

65

70

74

67

67

eo

56

to

70*7Q

*TO

71

59

10

50

V)

53

47

47

Apr.

43

41

41

40«>7

38

38

39

42

48

si

59

60

59

70

70

76

70

65

70

60

so

54

KQ

54

70

147

9Q9

460

185

May.

159

141

178

251

June.

220

188

204

535

660

585

460

485

560

770

610

535

510

560

825

1,220

1,520

1,040

1,340

1,280

1,400

880

660

610

715

770

770

990

990

880

July.

715

770

770

935

825

715

660

660

715

715

715

688

715

660

535

510

485

460

485

386

362

338

315

292

269

260

251

242

233

212

201

Aug.

212

212

208

204

193

178

172

178

292

316

242

201

185

193

204

197

197

238

260

208

182

168

193

216

216

224

208

185

178

178

168

Sept.

159

159

208

560

688

660

560

510

410

185

138

156

149

133

116

112

97

97

94

99

95

92

82

79

79

82

81

79

76

73

NOTE. No gage readings obtained Nov. 27 to Feb. 17, Mar. 1-4 and May 5 to June 3. Daily discharge 

Nov. 27-30, Mar. 1-4 and June 1-3 determined from records obtained on Swiftcurrent Cieek at Sherburne.

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., for th« year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Month.

February 18-29. ..........................................

May 1-4. .................................................

July......................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

224 

125 

56 

79 

460 

251 

1.520 

935 

315 

688

Minimum.

82 

50 

38 

38 

37 

141 

188 

201 

168 

73

Mean.

119 

79.2 

43.1 

53.9 

83.1 

182 

759 

519 

207 

204

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

7,320 

4,710 

1,030 

3,310 

4.940 

1,440 

45.200 

3^.900 

12,700 

12,100
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

SWIFTCURRENT CREEK AT SHERBURNE, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 15 W., near outlet of Lower Sherbume Lake, at 

Sherburne, in Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 64.0 square miles (measured on topographic map of Glacier 

National Park.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1912, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Staff gage on left bank about 300 feet below the spillway of Sherbume Lake 

dam; read by employees of United States Reclamation Service. From July 1, 

1912, to November 9, 1914, a vertical staff gage was maintained on left bank 

about 1,000 feet upstream and at a different datum from the present gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a footbridge at dam or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed is permanent at gage and at control below; 

banks high and not subject to overflow. An outcropping limestone ledge, somewhat broken and irregular, forms the control.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.85 feet at 5 p. m. 

June 17 (discharge, 2,280 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.5 foot at 8 a. m. and 

5 p. m. April 25 (discharge 4.0 second-feet).

1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7.85 feet June 17, 1916 (discharge, 2,280 

second-feet); minimum stage, 0.5 foot April 25, 1916 (discharge, 4.0 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice except for short periods.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. Natural flow of stream affected by a temporary dam built at, outlet of 

lake for construction work in connection with the Sherbume Lake storage dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent under normal conditions 

but was affected at times during year by ice and debris on control. Rating 

curves applicable as follows: October 1 to November 14, November 20 to 

December 15, February 6 to May 6 and June 22 to September 30, well denned, 

between 4 and 800 second-feet; May 7 to June 21, well denned between 300 

and 800 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 4

"NTn-w 99

Jan. 24

Mar. 7

Made by 

.....do.................

-....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.10

1.20

1.22

.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

309

71

37.6

3.8

Date.

May 22

July 17

Aug. 17

Sept. 16

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«3.77

a 5. 00

3.97

2.68

2.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

384

771

584

252

132

a Stage-discharge relation affected by drift on control.
HUDSON BAY DEALN-AGE BASI1T, 23

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

106

230

349

303

166

201

201

183

183

183

120

106

120

142

174

183

120

120

120

120

120

142

128

120

281

166

Nov.

150

158

158

158

150

166

150

142

135

1^=;

120

142

138

134

126

120

106

87

<M

93

1OC

166

Iftfi

81

70

70

Dec.

60

60

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

60

60

60

60

Feb.

33

37

33

37

37

33

33

37

41

81

135

135

120

106

106

<M

81

76

70

70

65

Mar.

65

60

55

50

41

41

38

41

55

65

106

135

201

183

166

150

150

135

142

201

192

166

142

128

120

106

Apr.

106

100

93

93

87

87

93

106

120

135

158

166

183

55

150

201

210

201

250

240

183

166

150

106

4.0

4.4

4.5

65

349

403

May.

349

303

303

375

590

766

922

770

624

440

362

104

293

293

212

194

177

186

231

315

362

387

338

293

293

272

251

251

293

315

293

June.

293

251

272

413

732

770

695

590

770

846

846

846

770

770

846

846

2,250

1,860

1,860

1,770

2,000

1,680

960

730

880

1,000

1,080

1,260

1,400

1,310

July.

1,130

1,170

1,350

1,350

1,220

1,000

880

880

920

960

960

1,260

1,130

433

349

526

590

590

558

433

403

403

349

325

325

325

349

325

281

260

260

Aug.

260

270

270

230

220

230

220

220

281

349

349

303

260

230

220

230

230

303

303

281

281

250

230

230

250

270

270

250

240

230

220

Sept.

210

375

494

526

766

730

558

158

29

100

150

166

158

158

142

135

128

113

113

106

106

106

100

120

113

87

93

81

70

NOTE. Discharge, Nov. 15-19, interpolated because of ice on control. No records obtained Dec. 16 to 

Feb. 5.

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Month.

November ...............................................

April.....................................................

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

403 

166 

65 

135 

201 

403 

922 

2,250 

1,350 

349 

766

Minimum.

106 

70 

60 

33 

38 

4.0 

104 

251 

260 

220 

29

Mean.

175 

127 

63.0 

70.7 

120 

142 

360 

1,020 

687 

257 

210

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

10.800 

7,560 

1,870 

3,370 

7,380 

8,450 

22,100 

60,700 

42,200 

15,800 

12,500
24 SURFACE WATER &UPPLY, 1916, PART V.

OTTERTAIL RIVER AT GERMAN CHURCH, NEAR FERGUS FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. At highway bridge on south line of sec. 31, T. 134 N., K. 42 W., about 5 

miles upstream from old station known as "Ottertail Kiver near Fergus Palls," 

and 8 miles north of Fergus Falls, Ottertail County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,300 square miles.

KECORDS AVAILABLE October 29, 1913, to September 30, 1916. May 9, 1904, to 

October 22, 1913, for station about 5 miles downstream from the present station. 

The drainage area at the lower station is only 10 square miles larger than that at 

the upper and no tributaries intervene.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail near right bank; read by D. S. 

Danielson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand, gravel, and boulders. Rapids 

about 100 feet below gage form a well denned control, which is practically permanent except for a slight growth of vegetation in the channel at times. Banks 

at and above gage high; probably not subject to overflow; at the control the 

land adjacent to the left bank is low and will be overflowed at a stage of 

about 5 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.0 feet at 8.30 

a. m., June 29 (discharge, 982 second-feet); minimum dischare recorded by current-meter measurement made January 28 (discharge, 187 second-feet); the 

absolute minimum during the year estimated at 181 second-feet, January 20 and 

February 1.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 3.0 feet at 8.30 a. m., June 29, 1916 (discharge, 982 second-feet); minimum discharge during period recorded by measurement made February 28, 1914 (discharge, 171 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Fluctuations caused by operation of a number of dams and small mills 

above station are equalized by small lakes through which the river flows before 

reaching the station, so that fluctuations are not observed at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except as affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well defined throughout. Gage read to quarter tenths 

once daily; as fluctuation in stage is gradual, one reading per day gives good 

results. Daily discharge ascertained by applying the daily gage height to rating 

table except for the period when the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice 

for which it was ascertained by applying to the rating table the mean daily gage 

heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Open-water records good.

Discharge measurements of Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 8

Made by 

E.L. Williams.........

S. B. SouW.. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.99

3

Q4

2.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

al87

Date.

Mar. 17

July 21

Made by 

S. B. Soule.. ...........

S. B. Soule.............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.54

1.95

2.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a 274

376

714

a Ice at control.
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE BASIN. 25

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ottertail River at German Church near Fergus Falls, 

Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

434

434

AVA

434

4*V7

457

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

AVA

434

434

AVA

434

AVA

434

434

J1O

413

J1O

402

Nov.

392

392

392

392

392

392

392

384

384

384

384

373

384

384

384

384

384

384

384

336

336

336

336

336

336

336

336

336

336

Dec.

336

336

336

354

354

354

354

s^

354

336

336

330

319

OI Q

313

313

qiq

313

O1 A

310

288

291

286

280

Jan.

269

266

264

261

256

247

237

226

226

229

222

216

212

206

200

196

192

188

185

181

185

188

188

186

190

194

196

187

187

185

183

Feb.

181

186

192

198

222

239

235

231

229

235

239

244

249

259

269

280

274

297

322

354

333

313

294

274

272

261

Mar.

259

254

254

255

256

254

251

249

247

244

242

247

249

261

274

288

291

294

297

300

303

307

318

329

340

351

362

373

384

396

379

Apr.

362

317

272

270

265

283

305

326

373

362

377

392

392

392

392

425

457

iVJ

468

480

480

480

480

480

505

530

543

May.

556

569

584

557

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

613

642

642

704

704

704

704

704

737

737

737

737

769

769

769

769

769

769

7fiQ

June.

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

769

704

704

704

704

837

982

908

July.

837

820

803

837

837

803

803

769

769

769

769

769

769

737

737

704

704

704

704

704

689

673

.673

673

673

673

642

642

642

642

642

Aug.

613

584

584

584

584

570

557

557

530

530

530

557

544

530

530

530

530

530

505

545

584

584

584

557

530

530

530

530

530

530

505

Sept.

505

505

505

505

505

530

557

585

613

642

642

642

642

642

613

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

642

642

613

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 21-23 and Nov. 28 to Apr. 10, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge interpolated because gage was not read, Oct. 10, 

17, 24, 31, Nov. 17, Apr. 12,14,16,19, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, May 1, 2, 7,17, 28, June 2, 9,11,14, 25, July 2, 21, 24, 

30, Aug. 6,10,13,15, 20, 27, Sept. 4, 8, and 18.

Monthly discharge of Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,300 square miles.]

Month.

March....................... . .......

April..........................................

Mav.... .......................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

457 

392 

354 

269 

354 

396 

543 

769 

982 

837 

613 

642

982

Minimum.

402 

336 

272 

181 

181 

242 

261 

556 

704 

642 

505 

505

181

Mean.

432 

369 

321 

211 

256 

294 

392 

671 

774 

729 

549 

585

466

Per 

square 

mile.

0.332 

.284 

.247 

.162 

.197 

.226 

.302 

.516 

.595 

.561 

.422 

.450

.358

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.38 

.32 

.28 

.19 

.21 

.26 

.34 

.59 

.66 

.65 

.49 

.50

4.87
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

RED RIVER AT FARGO, K. DAK.

LOCATION. At the dam half a mile above the highway bridge on Front Street, Fargo, 

in Cass County, 10 miles above the mouth of Sheyenne River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,020 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 27, 1901, to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to tree on left bank, about 6 rods above dam; vertical 

staff for use at low stages attached to piling pier of footbridge at same point, on 

second pier from left bank; datum about 1.0 foot below crest of dam. Prior to 

September 1, 1914, vertical staff attached to breakwater for center pier of Front 

Street bridge was used and is still maintained there by the United States Weather 

Bureau, but can not be read accurately without a field glass and has less permanent control. The datum of the Front Street gage is such that, if the dam were 

removed or if the stage is so high as to completely drown the dam, readings on the 

Front Street gage are about 10.4 feet greater than on the gage at the dam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge 8 rods upstream from the dam, 

except at low stage, when the current is too sluggish at that point, and the Front 

Street bridge is used.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream consists of clay and silt; slightly shifting. 

The dam below the gage forms the control.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 19.9 feet, April 

6 (stage-discharge relation seriously affected by backwater from ice jam). Maximum discharge at 3.30 p. m. July 11, 7,960 second-feet (gage height, 17.34 feet). 

Minimum stage during open-water periods, 2.85 feet, November 18, 1915 (discharge1, 471 second-feet). A lower stage probably occurred during winter.

1901-1916: Maximum stage recorded, that of April 6, 1916. Minimum stage 

recorded 5.7 feet (gage at Front Street Bridge), November 1, 1910 (discharge, 36 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from middle of November to end of 

March, but control such that open-season rating curve assumed applicable with 

small corrections deduced from discharge measurements and records of temperature.

REGULATION. The dam, which is a tight overflow weir without sluices, was built to 

maintain a sufficient depth of water for the intake pipe of the waterworks, and 

raises the water about 5 feet at low stage. There is no power plant or storage 

nearer than 60 miles above station, and the storage there is not great enough to 

affect perceptibly discharge at station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation slightly shifting; affected by ice during winter. 

Rating curve well denned between stages of 400 and 2,400 second-feet, and fairly 

well defined at higher stages. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Openwater records good.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Fargo, N. Dale., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Date.

Nov. 6

19

Made by 

E. F. Chandler.........

.....do.................

 »,

Feet. 

o3.28

(")

( c)

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

697

' 7.210

4,400

Date. Made by 

V.H. Sprague. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.02

5.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,140

2,350

"Old gage read 9.45 feet. 6Old gage read 28.79 feet. Old gage read 19.55 feet.
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE BASIN". 27

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., far the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Day.

1.................. .........

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19. ......................... -

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

739

770

770

770

803

836

836

836

836

836

836

836

836

803

803

803

803

803

803

803

803

739

739

739

739

770

770

770

770

770

Nov.

770

770

708

708

650

739

708

708

708

679 C-IQ

494

dQd

494

471

Mar.

836

1,060

1,060

2,520

3,440

3,840

Apr.

4,640

5,400

5,920

6,600

7,080

7,360

7,440

7,400

7,320

7,240

7,000

6,840

6,680

6,320

6,040

5,700

5,360

4,960

4,520

4,480

4,920

5,360

5.920

6,160

6,320

6,360

6,240

6,000

5.600

5,080

May.

4,560

4,120

3,760

3,440

3,300

3,180

2,900

2,620

2,430

2,230

2,020

1,920

1,810

1.860

1,920

2,020

2,120

2,120

2,520

2,620

2,620

2,430

2,330

2,230

2,230

2,230

2,230

2,230

2,230

2,230

2,330

June.

2,230

2,620

2,430

2,230

2,430

2,520

2,430

2,430

2,230

2,230

2,230

2,120

2,430

2,330

2,230

2,230

2,120

2,020

2,020

1,920

1,710

1,500

1,500-

1,500

1,230

1,180

1,140

1,140

3,440

3,760

July.

4,040

4,480

4,840

5,200

5,600

5,960

6,600

7,040

7,440

7,600

7,720

7,680

7,560

7,360

7,080

6,680

6,280

5,880

5,520

5,360

5,200

5,000

4,760

4,440

4,160

3,840

3,600

3,350

3,240

2,880

2,710

Aug.

2,520

2,430

2,020

2,020

1,810

1,810

1,710

1,600

1,550

1,460

1,460

1,810

2,020

2,120

2,020

2,020

1,550

1 360

1^270

1,230

1,100

1,180

1,460

2,020

2,520

3,110

2,620

2,120

2,020

1,810

1,550

Sept.

1,410

1,270

1,060

1,100

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,060

1,140

1,180

1,270

1,360

1,360

1,410

1,460

1,460

1,510

1,510

1,460

1,460

1,360

1,360

1,320

1,270

1,180

1,060

1,100

1,100

1,140

NODE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice Nov. 18 to Apr. 12. Discharge, Mar. 26 to Apr. 

12, estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and one discharge measurement. Discharge, Apr. 16, May 7,14, and July 16, interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Month.

March 26-31..............................................

April.....................................................

May......................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

836 

770 

3,840 

7,440 

4,560 

3,760 

7,720 

3,110 

1,510

Minimum.

739 

471 

836 

4,480 

1,810 

1,140 

2,710 

1,100 

1,020

Mean.

794 

652 

2,130 

6,080 

2,540 

2,120 

5,450 

1,850 

1,250

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

48,800 

23,300 

25,400 

362,000 

156,000 

126,000 

335,000 

114,000 

74,400

RED RIVER AT GRAND FORES, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At Northern Pacific Railway bridge between Grand Forks, N. Dak., and

East Grand Forks, Minn., about half a mile below mouth of Red Lake River, in

Grand Forks County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 25,000 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 26,1901, to September 30,1916; gage-height records kept

by United States Engineer Corps since 1882, and a few discharge measurements

were made by them in early years.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

GAGES. Staff and chain attached to Northern Pacific Railway bridge; same datum. 

As a rule chain gage is read only during periods of exceptionally low water. Gage 

of United States Engineer Corps on bridge breakwater at same place as staff gage 

of United States Geological Survey; datum 5 feet higher.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Great Northern Railway bridge, about onefifth mile above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of clay and silt; shifts slightly.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 41.0 feet at 5 p. m. 

April 17; stage-discharge relation affected by backwater from ice jam. Maximum 

discharge, 29,000 second-feet, April 22. Minimum stage during open-water 

periods, 6.6 feet, October 3 to 4 and November 3 to 11, 1915 (discharge 1,500 

second-feet); winter minimum considerably smaller than this. (See estimated 

flow for January and February, 1916.)

1882-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 50.2 feet, April 10, 1897 (discharge, 

43,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.6 feet, February 10, 1912 (discharge 100' 

second-feet).

ICE. River flows under smooth ice from about middle of November to middle of April; 

flow usually steady with no fluctuations; since 1905 sufficient discharge measurements have been made each winter to obtain fairly satisfactory summaries of flow.. 

Owing to a gentle current and the fact that the river flows north into cooler regions, 

the gage reading is usually excessive for a few days or weeks when ice breaks up 

in the spring, and flow must be determined largely by estimating, unless daily 

discharge measurements are made; current-meter measurements when river appeared to be open at station have sometimes shown reading more than 6 feet 

greater than that corresponding to the same discharge when the entire river is 

open.

REGULATION. No dams, other obstructions, or rapids below; channel fairly uniform 

for many miles. N earest power plant and reservoir affecting flow are at Crookston, 

25 miles above, on Red River. About half the water comes from Red Lake River, 

but storage at Crookston plant is too small to cause perceptible fluctuation at 

gage. There are no important power plants or reservoirs within a hundred miles 

above Grand Forks on Red River proper and its tributaries.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation slightly shifting; affected by ice during winter. 

Rating curve fairly well defined between 2,500 and 9,000 second-feet. Gage read 

to half-tenths twice daily. Open-water records good.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dale., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 9 

Dec. 23«

Feb. 8a 

Mar. 18a

Made by 

Sprague and McKay . . . 

Chandler and McKay..

Sprague and Miller. .... 

Sprague and Miller. ....

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.78

6 Q7

6.15 

7.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,750 

1.090

628 

862

Date.

Apr. 86 

166

Sept. 30

Made by 

Sprague and McKay . . .

Wardwell and Dale ....

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

35.46 

40.77

10.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

17,800 

25,200

3,450

River frozen over. 6 Backwater from ice.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 29

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Oct.

1,540

1,540

1,500

1,500

1,590

1,670

1,670

1,590

1,590

1,670

1,760

1,720

1,670

1,630

1,590

1,670

1,670

1,630

1,590

1,590

1,590

1,590

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,590

1,630

1,590

1,590

1 "vin

Nov.

1,540

1,540

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

Apr.

6,340

8,240

10,700

14,100

15,400

16,200

16,700

17,800

18,700

19,700

21,200

22,300

23,900

24,200

24,900

25,300

26,100

27,000

27,600

27,900

28,100

28,400

29,000

28,300

27,900

27,200

26,000

24,300

May.

23,400

22,400

21,200

19,600

18,000

16,500

15,200

13,600

12,500

11,600

10,300

8,990

8,080

7,300

6,560

5,980

6,120

6,630

7,450

8,160

8,400

8,320

8,240

8,080

8,080

8,000

8,160

8,570

8,730

8,650

June.

8,240

7,840

7,920

8,080

8,400

8,990

8,990

8,730

8,400

8,240

8,240

7,920

7,300

6,850

6,770

6,560

6,270

5,840

5,630

5,420

5,280

5,140

5,010

4,870

4,870

4,940

5,210

5,700

6,700

July.

7,300

8,080

9,070

10,100

10,600-

10,800

11,800

12,900

13,600

13,800

14,100

14,400

14,600

14,700

14,500

14,400

14,000

13,600

13,100

12,500

11,800

11,300

10, 900

10,500

10,200

9,690

9,070

8,400

7,840

7,300

6,770

Aug.

6,410

5,980

5,630

5,350

5,140

5,010

4,870

4,740

4,600

4,530

4,470

4,340

4,140

4,070

4,400

4,600

4,740

4,800

4,670

4,940

5,080

5,010

4,740

4,600

4,670

4,800

5,010

5,140

5,490

5,280

Sept.

5,010

4,600

3,750

3,490

3,360

3/240

3,180

3,180

3,300

3,490

3,620

3,810

4,140

4,530

4,670

4,620

4,580

4,530

4,470

4,400

4,270

4,200

4,070

3,940

3,810

3,750

3,680

3,560

3,460

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice Nov. 12 to Apr. 22; discharge estimated as 

follows: Nov. 12-30,1,350 second-feet; Dec. 1-10,1,200 second-feet; Dec. 11-25,1,100 second-feet; Dec. 26-31, 

1,050 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 840 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 670 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 1,070 second-feet; Apr. 

1-22, daily discharge given in above table. Discharge, Sept. 17 and 18, interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Month.

April.....................................................

May......................................................

July......................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,760 

1,540

29,000 

23,400 

8,990 

14,700 

6,410 

5,010

29,000

Minimum.

1,500

6,340 

5,980 

4,870 

6,770 

4,070 

3,180

Mean.

1,610 

1,410 

1,240 

840 

670 

1,070 

22,200 

11,000 

6,820 

11,300 

4,920 

3,960

5,580

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

99,000 

83,900 

76,200 

51,600 

38,500 

65,800 

1,320,000 

676,000 

406,000 

695,000 

303,000 

236,000

4,050,000

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

MUSTINKA RIVER NEAR WHEATON, MINN.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 23 and 26, T. 127 N., R. 47 W., at highway bridge 

about 600 feet above mouth of Bender's Coulee, a small creek that enters from 

the left, 3 miles above Lake Traverse (into which the river discharges), and 3 

miles southwest of Wheaton, Traverse County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 949 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 7 to November 30,1916, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to plank bolted to upstream I-beam piling supporting right end of bridge; read by Fred Schumacher.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL Bed composed of clay and silt. For about a mile below 

gage the channel has been artificially excavated, so that depth and width are 

uniform. Control not well defined. Slope of river from station to Lake Traverse 

so slight that stage-discharge relation is affected by changes in stage of lake.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded since gage was installed, 7.9 

feet July 7 (discharge, 1,630 second-feet); the flood in the spring of 1916 reached 

a stage about 14.0 feet above zero of gage, but owing to backwater from Lake 

Traverse (see paragraph on Channel and Control), discharge at that stage can not 

be accurately determined; minimum stage recorded, 2.42 feet October 30 to November 4 (discharge, 27 second-feet).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by backwater from Lake Traverse and 

changes with stage of that lake. Rating curve poorly defined. Gage read to 

quarter tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage heights to rating table. Records poor.

Discharge measurements of Mustinka River near Wheaton, Minn., during 1916. 

, [Made by S. B. Soul<§.]

Date.

July 2........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.32

7.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

259

1,350

Date.

Aug. 16........

16........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.70

3.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. "80

81

Date.

Oct. 14........

14........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.58

2.58

Discharge.

Sec-.it. 

31

32

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mustinka River near Wheaton, Minn, for 1916.

Day.

1....

2....

3....

4....

5....

6....

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

June.

257

240

240

223

206

172

206

206

July.

1.350

1,350

1,430

1,430

1,430

H,550

1.630

1,590

1,550

1,270

1,030

950

870

750

712

Aug.

206

172

172

172

156

140

156

140

118

109

100

109

109

109

100

Sept.

62

58

56

56

51

47

50

42

42

50

44

44

44

47

Oct.

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

33

33

36

33

32

32

31

29

Nov.

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

97

27

27

27

26

Day.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29. .

30. .

31.....

June.

172

140

118

118

122

92

72

172

122

92

100

87

82

416

990

July.

674

636

560

560

524

470

416

380

380

344

308

291

274

257

240

240

Aug.

87

74

66

62

58

72

100

118

109

104

87

78

78

68

64

64

Sept.

47

44

40

44

43

42

36

36

36

40

36

38

34

34

35

Oct.

33

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

30

28

28

28

27

27

NOT.

26

26

26

26

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 20-30, estimated, because of ice, from weather records and discharge of period 

immediately proceeding, at 25 second-feet.
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE BASIN. 31

Monthly discharge of Mustirika River near Wheaton, Minn.,for 1916. 

[Drainage area, 949 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

990 

1.630 

206 

62 

36 

27

Minimum.

72 

240 

58 

34 

27

Mean.

202 

821 

108 

44 

31 

26

Per 

square 

mile.

0.213 

.865 

.114 

.046 

.033 

.027

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.19 

1.00 

.13

.05 

.04 

.03

WILD BICE RIVER AT TWIN VALLEY, MOTH".

LOCATION. In T. 144 N., R. 44 W., at highway bridge at Twin Valley, Norman 

County, 2 miles above a small tributary which enters from the right at Heiberg.

DRAINAGE AREA. 805 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 30, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff; read by Axel Johnson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge, except at extremely low stages, 

when they are made by wading below bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. One channel at all stages; bed composed of sand and 

silt. Control not well defined; right bank high and wooded; left bank will be 

overflowed to some extent at stage of 12 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded, 9.7 feet, June 1 

(discharge, 1,670 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4. 85 feet, November 14 

(discharge, 63 second-feet); minimum discharge when river was frozen over, 

estimated 19 second-feet during the last part of February.

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 20.0 feet at 7 a. m. July 22, 1909 (discharge, about 9,200 second-feet); minimum open-water discharge, 12 second-feet, 

August 31 and September 1, 1913; minimum winter discharge measured by 

current meter, 10 second-feet, February 5, 1912; the absolute minimum was 

probably less than this amount.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Discharge affected by storage created by dams at the lower end of 

Lower Rice Lake and at the outlet of Twin Lakes.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curve fairly well defined. Gage read to half tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. 

Records good.

Discharge measurements of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 24

Dec. 19

Feb. 6

Mar. 19

Made by 

D.C.MeKay.. .........

D.C.McKay.. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.09

5.68

6.10

6.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

96

o43

a. 27

a. 71

Date.

Apr. 26

Aug. 2

Made by 

D.C.McKay...........

E.F. Chandler... ......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.08

5.98

5.93

-

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

967

288

270

Complete ice cover at control.
32 SUET ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Bay.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7....... .......

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

in

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

147

128

128

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

119

110

110

110

110

102

94

102

04

94

04

94

04

Nov.

94

87

87

S7

87

87

S7

94

110

110

110

110

63

80

87

04

94

94

80

87

58

58

50

50

Kf)

50

50

Dec.

58

I 50

Jan.

44

30

Feb.

30

25

Mar.

54

75

80

80

on

100

140 OQ1

Apr.

COO

onn

1,170

860

986

900

822

1,120

Q4*>

1,170

1,210

1,170

1,120

986

onn

860

822

7 eo

May.

719

686

686

686

654

654

622

591

591

560

560

530

500

500

530

622

622

591

560

560

560

622

686

7Sfi

1 030

9 Qftn

822

171:0

719

7 TO

June.

1,670

1,530

1,260

942

860

822

686

654

622

560

530

500

471

471

500

530

530

471

413

385

860

1,210

1,260

1,080

1 080

1 400

l'490

July.

1,530

i 9fin

Q&ft

Qflft

900

onn

786

752

719

654

622

591 cnr\

471

399

1,080

752

686

(\U

500

442

442

560

591

442

413

385

358

Aug.

268

256

280

280

256

256 "11

233

244

305

318

331

331

one

305

268

233

233

222

233 r>AA

256

244 °11

233

oqo

090

199

188

Sept.

188

199

199

210

210

199

178

157

280

256

256

256

OKft

233

222

210

199

210

188

188

188

178

178

167

165

167

167

157

NOTE. Discharge, Nov. 15 to Apr. 10, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, obserjr's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period indicated.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Month. Maximum.

147

128

QO-I

1,260

Minimum.

04

50

7 eo

Mean.

110

81

54

VI

28

77

QOQ

Month.

May............

July............

Maximum.

1,030

1,670

331

280

1,670

Minimum.

500

385

358

188

157

50

Mean.

654

842

717

258

205

337

DEVILS LAKE NEAR DEVILS LAKE, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At the biologic station of the University of North Dakota, near Devil's 

Lake, in Ramsey County, 6 miles southwest of the city of Devil's Lake.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 8, 1901, to September 30, 1916 (fragmentary).

GAtrE. Staff gage on pier at the biologic station. The zero of the gage is at an 

elevation of 1,393.3 feet above sea level. Previous to 1916 staff gages have been 

placed at convenient points on piers, but it has been necessary to renew them 

occasionally, some times every year, because of the fact that they are damaged 

by ice during the spring break-up. These gages have been reset as near as 

possible to the correct datum, often by the use of a carpenter's level. Occasionally errors of 0.1 foot in the records have been discovered when accurate checks 

were made, but no larger errors are likely to occur. The gage is read occasionally 

by employees of the biologic station.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 33

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.72 feet May 1; minimum stage recorded, 6.9 feet, November 5.

Between 1880 and 1916 the lake fell approximately 16 feet, and its area has 

decreased about one-half.

REGULATION. The lake has no outlet. The change in the surface elevation is due 

to the inflow from the adjacent drainage area and the evaporation.

COOPERATION. Records are furnished by the North Dakota Biological Survey.

Gage height of Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak., in 1913-1916.

Date.

1913.

May 5...............

12...............

Sept. 29...............

' 1914.

June 20...............

27...............

Feet.

9.87

10.10

10.10

9.10

8.75

8.67

8.62

8.71

8.83

Date.

1914 Continued. 

July 7...............

Aug. 8...............

20...............

26...............

Sept. 19...............

1915.

June 29...............

July 9...............

20...............

27...............

Sept. 7...............

Feet.

8.88

8.35

8.16

8.22

8.00

7.60

7.52

7.40

7.30

6.77

Date.

1916. 

May 1... ...... ......

18...............

June 28...............

July 1...............

Aug. 12...............

26...............

Feet.

7.72

7.54

7.55

7.62

7.90

7.57

7.27

7.12

(a)

a About 6.90 feet. 

RED LAKE RIVER AT THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINK.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 154 * N., R. 43 W., one-third mile below dam at Thief 

River Falls, Pennington County, and a mile below mouth of Thief River, which 

comes in from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,430 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 2,1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Inclined staff gage on left bank; read by H. W. Hoard.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded 12.2 feet, April 

19-21 (discharge, 7,040 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 4.65 

feet, November 4 and 6, 1915 (discharge, 412 second-feet); minimum discharge, 

when river was frozen over, estimated at 258 second-feet January 14.

1909-1916: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 12.2 feet, April 19-21, 1916 

(discharge, 7,040 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, zero, July 17 and 

August 27, 1911.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A short distance above station is a dam owned by the Hansen & Barzen Milling Co., and the city lighting plant. The variation in load on the turbines, due to the operation of the lighting plant at night and of the mill, chiefly 

during the day, caused fluctuations in the river at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice during winter. Rating curve well defined between 19 and 2,550 second-feet, and fairly well 

defined between 2,550 and 5,600 second-feet. Gage read to half tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating 

table, except for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Records only fair because of inaccuracy of mean daily gage 

height as obtained from two readings daily of the gage.

i Township location publshed in previous water-supply papers is in error. 

6342° 18 WSP 435 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

TlAn 99/1

Feb. So

Mar. 12«

Made by 

D.C.McKay...........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6

0C

5.81

5.89

n

oq

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

CQO

379

7,880

Date.

A rtr 94

30

Made by 

D.C.McKay.. ........

.....do..................

E.F. Chandler.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

11.78

10.52

5.61

6.41

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.730

4,770

809

1,280

i Complete ice cover at control. 6 Float measurement.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

479

494

515

538

538

560

560

582

560

538

515

494

472

452

472

494

515

494

494

472

515

494

515

515

515

494

538

538

538

472

431

Nov.

452

452

431

412

452

393

472

472

494

494

494

452

452

412

357

393

412

375

357

340

393

375

375

340

340

357

357

oc7

393

Dec.

452

452

452

393

412

452

494

AQA

515

515

515

560

515

431

472

515

472

431

431

MQ1

f;i9

592

cco

512

472

458

114

431

111

452

462

Jan.

368

Feb.

373

Mar.

418

Apr.

605

515

472

560

560

560

560

650

605

605

560

1,050

1,950

2 98O

6

onn

6,680

7,040

7 040

7 fun

6,800

6,680

6,560 <^ ssn

5,270

5,270

5,200

5,120

S ftKfl

May.

4,940

4,830

4,830

4,830

4,610

4,610

4,200

3,400

2,820

2,370

2,280

2,640

3,000

2,910

2,910

2,820

2,910

3,100

3,100

3,000

3,000

1 (Wt

2,910

3,000

2,910

2 Q1ft

2,820

2,820

June.

2,910

2,880

2,850

2,820

2,820

2,820

2,730

2,640

2,550

2,370

2,280

2,280

2,030

2,110

2,200

2,110

2,030

1,950

1,870

2,030

1,950

2,030

2,110

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,280

July.

2,200

1,870

2,200

2,110

2,200

2,110

2,280

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,280

2,280

2,370

2,370

2,460

2,370

2,370

2,370

2,030

1,790

1,640

1,500

1,430

1,430

1,360

1,360

1,300

1,230

1,110

1,050

790

Aug.

840

840

890

840

840

890

940

940

940

940

940

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

995

1,050

1,050

1,340

Sept.

1,300

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 14 to Apr. 18. No gage readings Apr. 28, 29, June 

2 and 3; discharge interpolated. No gage readings Aug. 20 to Sept. 30; discharge estimated by comparison 

with records of flow of Red Lake River at Crookston, Clearwater River at Twin Valley, and Thief River 

near Thief River Falls. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn.. for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 3,430 square miles.]

Month.

April...........

Maximum.

582

494

592

7,040

Minimum.

401

340

OQO

472

Mean.

406

475

368

373

418

3,580

Month.

July............

Maximum.

4,940

2,910

2,460

7,040

Minimum.

2,280

1,870

790

840

Mean.

3,280

2,320 i son

1,110

I

OAn

1,330
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 35

RED LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTON, MIKN.

LOCATION. At new Sampson's Addition highway bridge in Crookston, Polk County, 

a quarter of a mile below dam and power house of the Crookston Waterworks, 

Power & Light Co. 's plant. No tributaries enter for several miles.

DRAINAGE AEEA. 5,320 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 19, 1901, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on right abutment of bridge; in 

stalled in September, 1911; replaced chain gage attached to bridge July 1, 1909 

both gages at same datum. Prior to July 1,1909, gage was on old Sampson's Addi 

tion bridge, about 300 feet farther upstream; at ordinary stages this gage read the 

same as the present one.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control not well defined; one channel at all stages; slightly 

shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily stage during year from water -stage 

recorder, 21.5 feet April 17, (discharge, 14,400 second-feet); minimum mean daily 

stage from water-stage recorder, 3.45 feet, November 15 (discharge, 363 secondfeet); minimum mean daily discharge recorded during period river was frozen 

over, 289 second-feet, November 23.

1901-1916: Maximum mean daily stage recorded April 17, 1916. A minimum 

discharge of 10 second-feet was recorded by discharge measurement made January 

27, 1912. Flow controlled to such an extent that the minimum recorded discharge has no bearing on the minimum natural flow.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation at gage is caused by operation of 

"power plant immediately above station. The plant has little storage, so that the 

mean monthly flow represents nearly the natural flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation shifting, also affected by ice during winter. 

Rating curve fairly well defined between 382 and 1,320 second-feet and poorly 

defined between 1,320 and 11,600 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder 

satisfactory except when observer failed to attend to it, as noted in footnote to 

table of daily discharge. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights (obtained from gage-height graph by use of planimeter) to the rating table, 

except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice for which it 

was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for 

ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Records fair for periods for which gage-height records were obtained and 

poor for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 30

Feb. 7«

Mar. 17o

18a

Made by 

D. C. McKay.. .........

D. C. McKay....... .

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.83

4.95

4.79

5.22

5.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

550

536

384

391

383

Date.

Apr. 20

25

Aug. 2

3

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

17.27

15.85

4.77

4.93

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10,400

9,270

958

918

Complete ice cover at control.
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14.............

15..............

16.............

17..............

19.............

19..............

20..............

21............

22.............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

540

580

660

660

660

500

560

580

620

560

540

540

620

580

660

620

620

620

620

620

620

580

560

580

560

620

620

620

620

620

Nov.

660

620

660

660

660

540

500

500

560

660

700

660

480

382

363

363

344

402

402

382

402

363

289

326

363

< 

382

500

500

421

Dec.

421

382

382

745

620

620

620

620

500

500

540

540

540

540

500

500

580

540

540

620

660

660

460

540

620

620

620

Jan.

500

421

460

540

500

460

421

500

460

460

460

382

421

421

421

382

382

382

382

344

382

460

421

421

460

500

620

509

CflA

Feb.

500

500

460

500

460

460

460

460

500

460

460

421

540

500

460

421

421

382

500

382

421

460

500

460

460

460

500

500

Mar.

500

540

540

580

540

550

560

560

570

580

745

580

620

660

700

700

700

745

660

790

835

790

885

745

500

720

935

985

935

835

7on

Apr.

985

790

1,040

1,260

1,140

985

1,040

1,040

1,200

1,560

3,270

5,740

8,180

10,100

12,300

13,600

14,400

14,000

11,900

10,800

10,300

10,200

9,980

9,710

9,350

9,080

8,900

8,630

8,270

7,730

May.

7,190

6,930

6,500

6,160

6,000

5,820

5,480

5,320

5,140

4,890

4,640

4,470

4,310

4,150

3,990

3,910

3,830

3,590

3,510

3,510

3,510

3,510

3,430

3,430

3,510

3,510

3,590

4,070

4,150

3,750

3,510

June.

3,280

3,280

3,350

3,280

3,400

[3,600

1

K 300

I

[3,000

|

[2,700

[3,100

July.

}1

|3,SOO

1

3,400

3,100

2,900

2,200

1,600

1,200

Aug.

1,100

1,090

1,040

1,140

1,260

1,140

1,200

1,200

1,260

1,260

1,200

1,260

1,260

1,140

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,260

2,140

2,210

2,210

2,210

2,140

2,140

2,080

1,880

1,690

1,560

1,380

1,440

1,320

Sept.

1,320

1,300

1,300

1,200

1 200

1,150

1,140

1,620

1,690

1,820

2,280

2,210

2,210

2,080

2,020

1,950

1,950

1,880

1,690

1,690

1,560

1,560

1,500

1,500

1 CflA

1,450

1,400

1,400

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 16 to Apr. 27. Water-stage recorder not working 

satisfactorily June 4 to Aug. 1, Sept. 2-6,26-30; no gage height records available: discharge determined by 

comparison with records of flow of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Clearwater River at Red Lake 

Falls, and Wild Rice River at Twin Valley. Braced figures show mean discharge for period indicated.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 5,320 square miles.]

Month.

February ......

Maximum.

660

700

745

540 

985

14,400

Minimum.

CflA

289

344

382

CArt

7Qn

Mean.

601

483

558

AKf)

462 

fiQrt

Month.

May............

July............

September. ....

Maximum.

7,190

2,210

2,280

14,400

Minimum.

3,430

1,040

1,140

289

Mean.

4,490

3,170

2,780

1,470

1,620

1,970
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 37

THIEF RIVER NEAR THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 3, T. 154 N., R. 43 W., at the Drybrook ford, Pennington County, 

6 miles north of Thief Eiver Falls. Nearest tributary, outlet of Mud Lake, 

enters in the northeastern part of T. 156 N., R. 42 W.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,010 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage installed August 26, 1915, attached to a cantilever timber fastened 

to a tree on right bank; inclined staff gage installed September 4, 1913, to replace 

old inclined staff gage, which was set at incorrect gage datum; used until August 

26, 1915. Gage read by T. H. Risteigen. See Water-Supply Paper 325 for history of old gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from steel highway bridge, 1,000 feet below 

gage; at low stages made by wading near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and boulders; nearly permanent; one channel at all stages; banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.5 feet, April 

23 (discharge, 4,080 second-feet); no flow during the last of February.

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, April 23, 1916; no flow in October, 

November, and December, 1910, January, February, and December, 1911, 

January and February, 1912, and February, 1916.

REGULATION. Dam at Thief River Falls, at mouth of Thief River, backs up water 

in Thief River for several miles, but gage is protected from influence of dam by 

rapids below.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except for the effect of ice during 

winter. Rating curve well denned below 3,800 second-feet. Gage read to half 

tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights to rating table. Records good.

The large flow during September, 1916, was caused by the opening of ditches which 

drain Thief Lake into the river.

Discharge measurements of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 5<«

Mar. 12a 

Apr. 23

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.50

4.0

4.06

14 K

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3.0

1.0

1:5

4320

Date.

Apr. 29

Aug. 5

Sept. 8

Made by 

D. C. McKay..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.42

4.64

6.13

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

39on

41

405

a Complete ice cover at control.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3... ...........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.. ............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30- ............

31..............

Oct.

43

44

40

44

42

39

36

34

37

42

55

56

57

55

CO

ftfl

50

48

46

45

42

49

50

50

48

49

KA

54

Nov.

ni

55

57

CC

54

55

58

60

61

62

66

57

46

45

44

42

07

04

32

31

on

29

Oft

25

oo

22

99

Dec.

23

16

16

1 14

19

12

10

10

6

2

2

2

3

3

Jan.

2

1

Feb.

1

1 °

Mar.

1

3

Apr.

4

4

4

5

5

7

g

15

13

12

24

130

780

2,200

2

4on

2,850

3,360

3 910

3' 960

3,960

3.960

4,020

4,080

4,020

4,020

q Qfif)

0 OrtA

3

CQA

3,470

3,200

May.

2,500

2,300

2,150

1,970

1,660

1,530

1,370

1 290

815

675

C70

ene

479

A Cfi

780

1,100

GCC

920

885

QI e

780

74 C

710

675

675

640

C79

472

424

June.

424

472

456

424

379

350

308

295

295

282

9fiQ

220

208

208

187

180

164

158

151

155

153

155

1 t\1

151

151

149

July.

189

244

232

196

175

143

122

99

97

8704

79

69

66

65

63

fto

69

79

110

101

84

76

72

69

fi9

57

56

CO

Aug.

50

47

40

38

42

40

38

42

56

76

63

48

36

32

22

22

295

780

885

850

710

675

505

364

244

178

169

1 f»S

Sept.

110

105

99

84

70

232

364

364

379

440

640

675

675

710

606

538

472

456

440

424

394

379

364

350

336

322

308

295

282

OCfi

NOTE. Discharge, Nov. 12 to Apr. 17. estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observers notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Month.

April...........

Maximum.

57

66

4,080

Minimum.

34

22

Mean.

46

9

o2 *6

o

2,060

Month.

May...........

July............

Maximum.

2,500

472

244

885

710

4,080

Minimum.

424

14O

52

22

70

Mean.

1.020

245

104

246

372

344

CLEARWATER RIVER AT RED LAKE FALLS, MINK.

LOCATION. In T. 151 N., R. 44 W., at Great Northern Railway bridge at Red Lake 

Falls, Red Lake County, about 1J miles above the mouth, and 2 miles below the 

nearest tributary, a stream coming in from the left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,310 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 18, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Combination vertical and inclined staff gage; installed September 12, 1911, 

about half a mile downstream from original gage, as the building of a dam caused 

several feet of backwater at the old section. New gage set to read 2.23 feet when 

the original gage read 5.83 feet; read by Leo Steinert.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At medium and high stages made from Great Northern 

 Railway bridge; at low stages by wading about 300 feet below gage-
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 39

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; smooth; two channels 

at low stages, united at high stages. Banks high, wooded, and not subject to 

overflow. Control nearly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded during year, 3,990 secondfeet, April 15 and 16; minimum stage recorded, 2.25 feet, August 6 and 7 (discharge, 78 second-feet); minimum discharge when river was frozen over, estimated 50 second-feet, March 6-15.

1909-1916: Maximum discharge recorded, 3,990 second-feet, April 15 and 16, 

1916; minimum discharge July 4, 1911, 20 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. At low stages flow is affected by the Steinert dam 600 feet above gage. 

The storage at this plant is small, and only a slight diurnal fluctuation is observed 

at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably affected somewhat by scouring out of 

channel during high water in April, so that determinations of low-water discharge 

during following months may be too low; also affected by ice during winter. 

Before the change in stage-discharge relation, rating curve was well defined between 53 and 1,165 second-feet and fairly well denned between 1,165 and 3,550 

second-feet; for determination of discharge after high water in April, lower part 

of curve probably not so accurate as the upper. Gage read to half tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table. Records good for open-water periods October to May; fair June to 

September and for winter period.

Discharge measurements of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 23

30

Dec. 20a

Feb. 27a

Made by 

V. H. Sprague. ........

D.C. McKay..........

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

2.46

2.51

2.78

3.50

DischargeSec.-ft. 

116

123

90

70

Date.

Mar. 13a

Apr. 21

Aug. 1

Made by 

.....do.....:...........

E. F. Chandler.........

Gage 

height.

feet. 

3.85

6.95

2.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

50

3,520

171

a Complete ice cover at control.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

110

101

93

85

85

85

85

101

101

101

120

120

120

120

120

142

142

142

142

142

131

120

131

142

142

142

142

142

131

120

120

Nov.

120

]31

142

142

142

120

120

120

120

120

101

101

110

101

85

85

85

78

72

72

66

62

62

62

53

53

53

62

53

53

Dec.

53

53

53

53

58

80

90

80

Jan.

70

68

| 62

|

70

Feb.

' 70

1-

85

80

75

| 70

I

Mar,

60

50

50

60

72

85

85

101

120

120

Apr.

120

131

 142

167

167

167

212

,229

307

400

1.610

2.460

2,460

3,660

3,990

3.990

3,770

3,770

3,550

3,550

3,350

3,150

3,050

2,950

2,950

2,850

2,550

2,550

2,360

2,360

May.

2,170

2 080

1,980

1,880

1,790

1,610

1,520

1,430

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,160

1,120

1,080

1,160

1,250

1,340

1,250

1,250

1,160

1,080

1,000

968

930

895

895

1,790

1,880

1,790

1,610

1,430

June.

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,340

1,250

1,160

1,160

1,000

895

860

795

730

700

730

670

641

556

529

502

425

352

376

400

425

450

502

450

476

1,000

1,430

July.

1,520

1,610

1,610

1,610

1,250

1 '930 080

762

700

529

502

450

450

425

400

352

352

330

307

206

266

248

229

212

196

182

167

167

142

142

Aug.

142

120

101

101

85

78

78

93

101

110

142

142

131

120

101

101

131

142

167

182

196

229

196

182

167

142

142

142

131

120

120

Sept.

120

101

101

110

120

120

142

142

131

101

101

120

120

131

142

142

154

167

167

196

196

167

167

167

154

142

142

120

110

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 14 to Apr. 14 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge periods indicated.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Month. Maximum.

142

142

120

3,990

Minimum.

85

53

120

Mean.

120

92

78

68

76

64

Month.

May...........

July...........

Maximum.

2,170

1,430

1,610

229

196

3,990

Minimum.

895

400

142

78

101

53

Mean.

1,400

785

607

133

137

470

HOUSE RIVER AT MINOT, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At the Anne Street footbridge, northwest of Great Northern Railway

roundhouse, at Minot, in Ward County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,400 square miles! 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 5, 1903, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to pier nearest left bank of Anne Street footbridge;

read by Ephraim Cox. From 1903 to December, 1909, a vertical staff on old

footbridge 20 rods above present site. Both gages set at same datum. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the Anne Street Bridge at medium and

high stages, or by wading below the dam at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault

Ste. Marie Railway tank. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Clay and silt, slightly shifting
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE BASIN. 41

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.05 feet May 

6-7 (discharge, 4,260 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.50 feet February 5 

and 11 (discharge, 0.5 second-foot).

1903-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 21.9 feet April 20, 1904 (discharge, 12,000 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.8 feet February 28, 1913 (discharge, 

0.1 second-foot).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice.

REGULATION. A dam 4 feet high at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway tank, a mile below, raises water at the gage about 3 feet at ordinary low 

stage. The dam being designed merely to give enough depth of water for the 

intake-pipe suction, has no sluices, but is not absolutely tight. When the discharge is less than about 5 second-feet, the water level falls below the crest of dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; slightly affected by changes in 

control and by ice. Rating curves, applicable October 1 to March 31 and April 1 

to September 30, fairly well denned. Gage read to half-tenths once daily. Discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table.

Discharge measurements of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Made by E. F. Chandler.]

Date.

Apr. 27.............................................................................

Sept. 5.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

16.76

4.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,390

22.8

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dale., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

5.0

5.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.2 

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Nov.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

Dec.

0.6

.5

.5

.6

Jan.

-------

0.6

.6

.6

Feb.

0.5

.5

2.0

3.0

Mar.

2.0

1.5

2.0

8.0

Apr.

150

455

761

1, 030

1,020 

966

929

738

562

738

1,280

1,370

1,470

1,470

1,290

1,270

1,310

1,410 

1,480

1,550

1,650

1,760

1,890

2,070

2,220

2,480

2,660

2,880

3,010

May.

3,320

3,580

3,830

4,080

4,200 

4,200

4,200

4,080

3,830

3,490

3,140

2,810

2,480

2,100

1,710

1,400

1,150

1,030

784 

714

640

588

562

536

509

509

509

509

509

509

482

June.

455

455

455

455

455 

428

414

428

401

388

374

347

334

320

320

320

293

280 

266

252

9*?Q

239

239

266

280

266

266

252

252

July.

266

280

293

293

266 

252

266

293

320

293

293

280

280

266

239

187

187

187

174 

174

162

150

125

102

92

102

102

113

113

113

102

Aug.

59

53

37

33

42 

137

113

102

102

74

59

59

59

59

53

53

59

59

53 

53

47

KO

53

47

47

42

42

42

37

37

33

Sept.

33

33

on

26

26

9Q

29

29

26

26

26

23

no

23

26

26

26

26

29 

29

26

00

23

23

23

23

26

26

26

26
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dot;., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Month.

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5.0 

1.0

3,010 

4.200 

455 

320 

137 

33

4,200

Minimum.

1.0

.8

150 

482 

239 

92 

33 

23

Mean.

1.87 

.93 

.60 

.60 

1.50 

6.0 

1,440 

2,000 

336 

205 

58.0 

26.3

340

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

115 

55 

37 

37 

86 

369 

85,700 

123,000 

20,000 

12,600 

3,570 

1,560

247,000

NOTE. Mean discharge for December, January, and February, determined from weekly gage heights, 

and observer's notes on ice conditions. Mean discharge for March ascertained from weekly gage-height 

records, weather conditions, and flow of stream on April 1.

RAINY LAKE AT RANIER, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 30, T. 71 N., R. 23 W., at foot of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Koochiching County.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1910, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Vertical staff gage at sawmill, about 500 feet above the Canadiah Northern 

Railway bridge. From June 6 to August 5, 1916, records were read from a temporary staff gage below the Canadian Northern Railway bridge and about 100 feet 

above the Ranier Ferry Dock. Prior to June 6, 1916, a vertical staff gage in connection with a Haskel water-stage recorder on protecting crib above the Canadian 

Northern Railway bridge. For further information regarding site and datum of 

gages from which earlier records were obtained, see Water Supply Papers 325, 

355, 385, and 405.

Elevations of zero of gages used during present year referred to what is known 

as the Minnesota and Ontario datum were as follows:

Feet. 

Gage used prior to June 5................................. 488. 00

Gage used June 5 to August 5................... ^......... 494. 61

Gage used August 6 to September 30...................... 488. 00

Records have all been reduced to a gage whose zero is at 489. 00 feet, to correspond to previously published records.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.99 feet June 10; 

minimum stage recorded, 5. 60 feet April 11.

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10. 99 feet June 10, 1916; minimum stage 

recorded, 0. 85 foot March 22, 1911.

REGULATION. The stage of Rainy Lake is controlled at the dam and power plant 

of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co., at International Falls, 2 miles below the 

outlet of the lake, water being stored during periods of high run-off and drawn off 

during periods of low run-off.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by Canadian Department of Public 

Works.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 43

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

10-...-.......-.

11..............

12..............

13..............

15..............

17. .............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

7.00

6.97

7.15

7.00

7.00

6.95

6.95

6.97

6.97

7.00

6.90

6.93

6.97

6.97

6.98

6.98

7.10

7.03

6.97

7.08

6.98

7.08

7.18

7.25

6.90

7.12

7.15

7.18

7.18

7.18

7.17

Nov.

7.15

7.26

7.30

7.31

7.35

7.35

7.32

7.65

7.58

7.54

7.45

7.62

7.73

7.73

7 80

7 80

7.82

7.81

7.80

7.85

7 Q^

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.05

Dec.

8.05

8.10

8.05

8.05

8.15

8.12

8.10

8.10

8.10

8.10

8.15

8.10

8.10

8.10

8.10

8.10

8 1 ft

8.10

8.10

S 1 ft

8.07

8.07

8.12

8.15

010

8.18

8.15

8.13

8.10

Jan.

8.10

8.10

8.14

8.10

8.12

8.15

8.18

8.10

8.04

8.05

8.05

8.02

8.00

8.00

7 on

8.01

7.95

7 93

7 Q9

7.95

7 Q3

7 95

7 97

7 Q7

7.97

7 Q>;

7 93

7.92

7.95

Feb.

7.87

7.85

7.85

7.84

7.80

7.82

7.80

7.75

7.70

7.70

7.65

7.65

7.60

7.58

7.55

7.53

7.50

7.47

7.40

7 37

7 34

7 V)

7.30

7.28

7.24

7.20

7.15

7.10

Mar.

7.10

7.05

7.00

6.97

6.95

6.90

6.90

6.85

6.80

6.75

6.71

6.75

6.71

6.67

6.65

6.63

6.53

fi Jtft

6.48

fi d9

6.35

6.30

6.27

6.25

6.30

6.26

6.22

6.18

6.15

Apr.

6.05

6.00

5.96

5.90

5.83

5.77

5.73

5.70

5.90

5.75

5.60

5.65

5.70

5.75

5.80

5.90

6.20

6

cn

6.70

6 90

7.04

7.10

7.35

7.64

7.78 7 on

8.05

8.08

8.27

May.

8.20

8.21

8.30

8.31

8.30

8.31

8.75

8.77

8.80

8.85

8.87

9.05

9.15

9 10

9 45

9 60

9.75

9 OK

10.20

10.30

10.45

10.75

10.85

10.90

10.37

10.43

10.15

10.70

June.

10.75

10.80

10.77

10.85

10.85

10.96

10.91

10.91

10.91

10.99

10.96

10.91

10.96

10.91

10.91

10.89

10.83

10.75

10.71

10.66

10.57

10.52

10.45

10.41

10.40

1 ft 3Q

10.29

10.25

10.11

July.

10.09

9.95

9.90

9.83

9.76

9.61

9 76

9.59

9 58

9.57

9.56

9 49

9.45

9.26

9.28

9 31

9.21

9.15

9 91

Q 1 1

9.15

9 1 1

9 17

9 18

9.21

9 Aft

9.05

8.95

9.01

9 10

Aug.

9.07

9.07

9.07

8.98

9.04

8.94

8.95

8.98

8.95

8.75

8.86

8.85

8.81

8.76

8.76

8.76

8.78

S 7d

8.70

8.66

8.68

8.68

8.60

8.62

8.58

8.58

Q KQ

8 49

8.48

8.50 8,45

Sept.

8.40

8.44

8.40

8.53

8.55

8.55

8.51

8.50

8.48

8 44

8.44

8.41

8.36

8.35

8.35

8.35

8

0C

8.33

R 4^

o cr*

8.55

8.57

8.56

8.57

8

Kfl

8.55

8.57

8.56

NOTE. Gage heights referred to the same gage datum as those previously published in water-supply 

papers containing records for this drainage basin.

RAINY RIVER AT INTERNATIONAL FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 71 N., R. 24 W., at dam and power house of the Minnesota 

& Ontario Power Co.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 1, 1907, to September 30, 1916.

DISCHARGE. Determined by Canadian Department of Public Works from powerhouse records.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge recorded during year, 

37,300 second-feet June 7; minimum mean daily discharge, 4,420 second-feet 

December 26.

1907-1916: Maximum mean daily discharge recorded 37,300 second-feet, 

June 7, 1916; minimum discharge recorded 431 second-feet, April 21, 1909.

WINTER FLOW. Determined from power-house records.

REGULATION. Except during periods of high discharge, the flow is completely 

regulated at the dam and power plant of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co. 

The plant is run on a 24-hour basis, so that, except on Sunday, the flow is fairly 

uniform; it is in fact much more uniform than the natural flow, use being made 

of the storage capacity of Rainy Lake, which has an area of approximately 344 

square miles.

COOPERATION. Estimates of flow through the power house and results of discharge 

measurements furnished by the Canadian Department of Public Works.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

Discharge measurements of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by R. F. Smallian.]

Date.

Oct. 13...........................

26...........................

Jan. 21...........................

Mar. 25...........................

Apr. 24 ...........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.51

3.59

5.66

5.16

10.61

10.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,820

8,270

8,220

8,780

9,940

19,800

19,800

Date.

May 28..........................

30..........................

July 31..........................

30..........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

14.16

14.46

15.21

6.96

5.41

5.71

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

32,500

35,100

37,700

16,200

11,300

12,900

NOTE. Measurements made by Department of Public Works, Canada.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30 1916.

Day

1.............

2.............

3.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8...... .......

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30............. 

31.............

Oct.

8,530 

8,400 

5,800 

6,760 

8,130

8,130 

8,130 

8,100 

8,100 

5,560

6,540 

8,040 

7,490 

7,150 

6,800

6,740 

5,680 

5,510 

6,660 

6,460

7,090 

7,070 

6,440 

5,220 

6,300

7,320 

7,280 

7,310 

7,270 

7,280 

5,170

Nov.

6,280 

7,310 

7,620 

8,040 

7,350

7,340 

5,370 

6,010 

7,440 

7,430

7,370 

7,370 

7,380 

5,080 

6.110

6,540 

6,770 

7,420 

7,400 

6,330

5,280 

6,190 

7,430 

7,440 

7,510

7,400 

7,480 

5,790 

6,670 

8,300

Dec.

8,310 

8,470 

9,110 

9,110 

6,130

6,940 

9,230 

9,190 

9,390 

10,000

9,810 

7,440 

8,100 

9,940 

9,970

9,930 

9,410 

9,780 

7,700 

8,110

10,000 

9,470 

9,860 

10,100 

6,420

4,420 

7,570 

9,350 

9,350 

9,720 

10,000

Jan.

9,390 

8,030 

7,700 

9,140 

9,370

9,320 

9,250 

8,780 

7,780 

8,140

10,100 

10,100 

9,440 

9,250 

9,280

7,610 

8,230 

10,100 

9,800 

9,060

8,600 

8,800 

7,510 

7,490 

9,260

9,250 

9,13» 

9,240 

9,250 

7,880 

7,560

Feb.

9,210 

9,240 

9,000 

9,170 

9,030

7,650 

7,570 

9 160 

9,240 

9,150

9,130 

9,140 

7,850 

8,140 

9,920

9,930 

9,950 

10,500 

10,300 

8,240

8,310 

10,000 

9,940 

9,950 

9,970

9,940 

8,970 

8,350 

9,920

Mar.

9,910 

9,880 

10,400 

10,700 

8,740

7,870 

10,100 

9,860 

9,840 

9,840

9,150 

8,860 

8,110 

9,900 

9,840

9,840 

10,200 

10,300 

8,870 

8,500

9,900 

9,930 

9,920 

9.890 

9,920

9,110 

8,160 

10.100 

10,700 

10,100 

9,940

Apr.

9,940 

8,540 

9,800 

10,700 

10,700

10,700 

10, 7<*) 

10,700 

7,060 

7,980

10,500 

10,400 

10,600 

10,500 

9,900

8,220 

6,360 

6,620 

6,220 

6,420

6,640 

8,190 

8,320 

8,300 

9,860

10,200 

10,800 

11,700 

13,200 

12,200

May.

14,200 

16,7(50 

17,300 

17,500 

18,800

19,800 

20,000 

19,300 

21,200 

21,500

21,500 

22,400 

23,700 

23,800 

22,600

22,900 

23,000 

23,000 

23,100 

24,200

24,900 

26,100 

27,200 

27,200 

28,200

29,000 

29,600 

31,000 

31,900 

32,100 

32,900

June

33,300 

34,700 

35,500 

36,300 

36,800

37,300 

37,300 

36,800 

36,800 

36,900

37,300 

36,500 

36,700 

36,700 

36,700

36,900 

36,700 

36,400 

36,300 

36,100

36,100 

36,200 

35,800 

35,400 

35,500

35,100 

34,900 

34,900 

34,800 

34,800

July

32,800 

33 100 

33,700 

32,200 

33,5GO

31,800 

36,700 

30,500 

29,500 

28,600

27,600 

27,000 

26,900 

26,200 

25,900

24,600 

24,100 

22,700 

21,200 

2ff,500

19,300 

18,100 

17,600 

17,400 

16,100

16,500 

16,900 

16,200 

15,400 

16,000 

12,900

Aug.

12,000 

12,100 

12,100 

12,700 

12,700

12,400 

11,600 

12,000 

12,000 

11,900

12,200 

13,600 

13,100 

13,300 

14,000

14,000 

14,000 

14,000 

13,900 

12,700

13,500 

14,000 

12,700 

11,400 

11,300

12,200 

9,990 

11,000 

12,100 

12,100 

12,200

Sept.

11,700 

10,-900 

10,200 

8,000 

10,000

11,700 

11,400 

11,400 

11,400 

11,100

9,720 

10,600 

10,700 

11,000 

11,100

11,100 

10,200 

10,400 

10,600 

6,520

6,300 

10,300 

12,300 

11,600 

11,200

11,600 

11,300 

11,400 

11,700 

12,500

Monthly discharge in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Month.

December. .....

February......

Maximum .

8,530

8,300

10, 100

10,100

10,500 

10,700

13,200

Minimum.

5,170

5,080

4,420

7,490

7,570

7,870 

6,220

Mean.

6,980

6,920

8,780

8,830

9,200 

9,620

9,400

Month.

July............

September.....

Maximum.

32,900

37,300

33,700

14,000

12,500

07 ofifi

Minimum.

14,200

33,300

12,900

9 QQA

6,300

4,420

Mean.

23,800

36,000

24,100 10 Ann

10,700

iq Qftfl
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE BASIN. 45 

KAWISHIWI RIVER NEAR WINTON, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 62 N., R. 11 W., in a pond above the lower dam of the 

St. Croix Lumber Co., at Kawishiwi Falls,. 500 feet above Fall Lake, 3,000 feet 

below Garden Lake, near the western line of Lake County, 2^ miles east of Winton, St. Louis County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1, 200 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 21, 1905, to June 30, 1907, and October 14, 1912, to 

September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed the last part of September, 1912, by 

the International Joint Commission, in cooperation with the United States 

Geological Survey, at a point just above right end of dam; well was attached to 

timbers which were bolted to the vertical rock wall of right bank of river. Staff 

gage used as a control of the recording gage was also attached to one of these timbers. The gage shelter was supported by timbers bolted to the horizontal part of 

the rock wall above all possible high water. On May 27, 1913, the Stevens was 

replaced by a Friez water-stage recorder. During the high water of June, 1914, 

 well, float, and weight were carried away by logs. At this time a concrete well 

was installed by the International Joint Commission just below the dam and outside the river channel, and connected with the pool above the dam by a pipe 

through the dam. The gage was repaired and again put in operation about July 

1, 1914. The original gage datum was maintained. The pipe connecting the 

gage well with the river was burst by freezing in the fall of 1915, and in the spring 

of 1916 the high water came on so suddenly that it was impossible to make the 

necessary repairs until the last part of June. Gage inspected by F. W. Byshe.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 1, 000 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At the gage a small deep pool is formed by a timber dam 

without openings, which constitutes the control and is permanent unless the dam 

is destroyed or alterations are made in the crest. About 200 feet above the dam 

is an abrupt fall. Banks are not subject to overflow in vicinity of gage. Bed of 

stream at measuring section is rock and boulders; rough; current swift except at 

low stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.2 feet April 30 

and May 7 (discharge, 5, 370 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 80 secondfeet on October 1, 2, and 3.

1905-1907, and 1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7. 2 feet April 30 and 

May 7, 1916 (discharge, 5, 370 second-feet); no flow August 24, 25, 30, and 31 and 

September 1, 1915; and August 6, 8, 1906, and April 23, 24, and 26,1907.

ICE. Stage discharge relation not seriously affected by ice; open-channel rating curve 

assumed applicable. The operation of the water-stage recorder is affected by 

ice, and the flow from December to March, which is very constant during this 

part of the year, is determined from one reading of the staff gage weekly.

REGULATION. The St. Croix Lumber Co. has a dam at the outlet of Garden Lake for 

controlling the level of water in that lake and for storing water to be used in driving logs over the stretch of rapids between Garden and Fall lakes. This dam is 

capable of holding the water in Garden Lake about 7 or 8 feet above its natural 

level at low water before water will flow over the gates. When the water in 

Garden Lake is held at a high stage, the elevation of water is considerably higher 

in Farm Lake, and it is understood that the elevation of the surface of White Iron 

Lake is sonewhat affected by the stage of Garden Lake. During the log-driving 

season, April to November, the water in Garden Lake is held to the elevation of 

the top of the gates practically all the time. In November some of the gates are 

opened so that the lake is drawn down to low-water stage and remains so until 

spring. The St. Croix Lumber Co. has a dam at the outlet of Birch Lake which
46 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PABT V.

controls its elevation and is capable of holding the water about 5 feet above low 

water. This dam is left open during the winter and until the high water of the 

spring breakup has passed. It is then closed, and the lake held as high as possible 

during the summer. There are a number of low dams in Stony River used for 

sluicing logs off rapids, but these have no storage of importance back of them. 

Large volumes of water are allowed to pass through the sluices of the dam at the 

outlet of Garden Lake, for a few hours at a time at regular intervals, when logs 

are to be driven from Garden Lake to Fall Lake. At other times gates are closed 

so that there is only a slight flow caused by leakage thorugh the dam, or some of 

the gates may be partly opened so that water may pass, through and not flow over 

the crest of the dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, not affected by ice during winter. 

Rating curve well defined below 3,290 second-feet; above 3,290 second-feet 

rating curve was based on a weir formula in which the constant was determined 

from the rating curve below 3, 290 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder 

satisfactory October 1 to November 13, and June 26 to September 30; discharge 

ascertained by use of discharge integrator; results good. Discharge, November 

14 to June 25, ascertained from reading of staff gage to quarter tenths once" a 

week, and observer's notes on artificial regulation. Flow very constant, November 14 to February 29; no artificial regulation; results therefore good. During 

March and April the flow was irregular, and there was some artificial regulation; 

results are therefore only roughly approximate for these months. During May 

and June the stage was continuously high, and there was very little regulation; 

results fair. 

Nfr discharge measurements made at this station during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

10

15. ............ .

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

80

80

80

300

94

706

181

214

372

446

878

1,380

473

1,060

1,190

I

qfin

1,420

1,750

1,960

1,870

1,720

1,610

1,700

1,200

1,370

1,350

1,260

1,250

1,230

900

Nov.

1,250

1,220

1,060

965

880

930

1,060

1,290

1,190

1,200

1,180

1

1 4^ft

Dec.

 745

Jan.

515

Feb.

395

Mar.

330

Apr.

2,130

May.

3,920

June.

2,400

2,540

2,280

2,480

July.

2,460

2,440

2,200

1,720

1,710

1,960

1,240

1,960

1,000

1,-OSO

918

1,410

9Qrt

070

940

419

699

149

OCA

260

830

1QK

149

155

165

247

Aug.

204

120

QOA

325

229

864

681

750

203

1 89

ion

544

624

270

654

586

CQft

628

880

7on

746

590

408

335

802

952

con

Sept.

870

1,060

1,010

1,460

1,280

1,240

1,400

1,530

1,290

,360

,790

,520

690

1 fifift

1,220

1,040

1,520

809

one

811

800

808

865
HUDSON" BAY DKAINAGE BASIN". 47

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Kawishivri River near Winton, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Month.

December. .....

February......

April...........

Maximum.

1,960

1,450

Minimum.

80

880

Mean.

1,010

1,310

745

515

395

QOfl

2,130

Month.

May............

July............

Maximum.

5,370

2,540

2,460

1,790

5,370

Minimum

2,140

113

800

80

Mean.

3,920

2,190

925

547

1,170

1,260

VERMILION RIVER BELOW VERMILION LAKE, NEAR TOWER, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 2, T. 63 N., R. 17 W., in St. Louis County, about 100 yards below 

dam at outlet of Vermilion Lake, 4 miles above Twomile Creek, which enters 

from the west, and 18 miles across Vermilion Lake from Tower.

DRAINAGE AREA. 507 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 17, 1911, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to tree at the left bank; read by Mrs. A. E. 

Shively.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. From 1911-1913 made from a cable just below gage; 

from 1914 to 1916 made from a boat about a mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of solid rock and large boulders. Heavy 

falls a short distance below the gage form permanent control; banks are not overflowed to any considerable extent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.8 feet April 29 

to May 7 (discharge, 2,050 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.85 foot March 

30 to April 30 (discharge, 158 second-feet).

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 3.8 feet April 29 to May 7,1916 (discharge, 

2,050 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.22 foot October 1 and 2, 1914 

(discharge, 60 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice, owing to the heavy fall at control 

and to the proximity to Vermilion Lake.

REGULATION. At the outlet of Vermilion Lake, a few hundred feet above gage, is a 

loose rock dam, which is used to raise the water surface of the lake for aid in navigation. This dam has no gates but was repaired on July 19,1912, thus for a period 

reducing the flow below normal. From April 28 to May 10,1914, parts of the dam 

were removed, and for some time subsequent the flow exceeded normal.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except for a slight effect of ice January 11 to 16. Rating curve well defined; the lower part of the rating curve is 

probably not quite so accurate as the higher because the section at which the lowwater measurements were made is rough. Gage read to quarter tenths daily; 

fluctuations in stage so gradual that good results are obtained from one reading a 

day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying the daily gage heights to rating 

table. Records range from good to excellent, the accuracy probably increasing 

with the stage.

Discharge measurements .of Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake, Minn., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by S. B. Soule\]

Date.

May 10.. ............................................................................

W,y 11........................ ......................... ....^.. ....... ....... 

height.

Feet. 

3.58

3.40

Discharge

Sec.-ft. 

1,780

1,590
48 SURFACE WATER, SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2.............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..... .......

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27....... . .

28...... .........

29......... ...

30..............

31..............

Oct.

139

139

139

152

171

187

187

183

183

187

187

187

187

1 S7

187

187

1QQ

198

orto

9ftQ

OflQ

9ft Q

208

9ftC

208

9Hfl

208

ono

Nov.

208

198

198

187

187

1 S3

1 S3

100

187

187

187

198

OAQ

ono

9ft Q

208

9ftQ

208

Orto

OAQ

901

OQ-f

901

931

90-1

901

244

244

Dec.

244

244

901

90-1

90-1

901

931

931

901

231

931

931

93V

931

931

931

931

220

220

220

220

99ft

9ft Q

9ftQ

ryno

Jan.

208

208

208

9rtQ

9ftB

9f|Q

OftQ

9AQ

9«Q

9H.Q

9ftQ

f)f\Q

9AQ

208

ryf\Q

ono

9f»o

9f|Q

f)f\Q

nr\Q

9ft Q

9Hft

9f»Q

90 Q

9ft Q

9f»o

9ft Q

9ft o

9fJQ

Feb.

208

208

208

208

9ftQ

9flQ

900

9ft Q

9fJQ

208

ono

ono

ono

OAQ

OrtO

OrtO

nno

208

1 07

1 fl7

1 Q7

1 Q7

1 QQ

1QQ

1 Q^?

Mar.

183

183

183

183

183

177

177

177

177

177

171

171

171

171

171

171

171

171

167

167

167

163

163

163

163

163

1 f^Q

158

Apr.

158

158

158

163

163

167

167

167

177

187

198

Orto

220

257

oeo

479

594

698

OAE

QQft

1,160

1

9fift

1,360

1,470

1,580

1,690

1 930

2 

' 050

May.

2,050

2,050

2

nefl

2

nEA

2

(\Kf\

1,930

1,810

1,580

1,810 i Ron

1,690

1 AQfi

i sen

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

June.

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,260

1,160

1,070

990

990

915

Q1 RJ

OAK

845

OAK

845

845

OAK

OAK

845

OAK

845

OAK

845

OAK

845

CAR

July.

845

845

845

845

845

783

783

783

783

783

783

783

7QQ

754

7^

754

79 e

725

70 e

79=.

725

79 c

70 e

RQft

670

670

670

RAA

644

Aug.

618

618

618

594

KfiQ

KfiQ

KfiQ

569

MQ

546

EOQ

EOO

coo

cfli

479

A. 70

458

437

437

417

417

007

397

OQ7

358

001

321

Ortyi

287

Sept.

257

244

244

257

257

304

358

007

437

458

458

i^ft

47Q

47Q

437

437

437

437

437

,107

437

437

437

OQ7

437

OQ7

OQ7

397

NOTE. Discharge, Jan. 11-16, interpolated because of backwater from ice at gage.

Monthly discharge of Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 507 square miles.]

Month.

December ................. ...................

March .........................................

Mky.... ............................ ...........

July...........................................

September ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

208 

244 

244 

208 

208 

183 

2,050 

2,050 

1,360 

845 

618 

479

2,050

Minimum.

139

183 

208 

208 

183 

158 

158 

1,470 

845 

644 

287 

244

139

Mean.

189 

208 

226 

208 

203 

171 

710 

1,700 

1,000 

752 

477 

395

520

Per 

square 

mile.

0.373 

.410 

.446 

.410 

.400 

.337 

1.40 

3.36 

1.97 

1.48 

.941 

.779

1.03

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.43 

.46 

.51 

.47 

.43 

.39 

1.56 

3.87 

2.20 

1.71 

1.08 

.87

13.98
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 49

LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLE FORK, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 9, T. 68 N., R. 25 W., at the lower of the two highway bridges 

at Little Fork, Koochiching County, about 14 miles above mouth of Beaver 

Brook and 2J miles above Big Fork & International Falls Railway bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,720 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 23, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to piling supporting the bridge on downstream 

side, left end; read by G. H. French. During April and May, 1916, temporary 

staff gages were installed on right bank at the same section; readings from the 

temporary gages have been reduced to same datum as permanent gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge at medium and high stages; 

at low stages made by wading a short distance above the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand, gravel and boulders. Banks 

high and not subject to overflow. Control permanent up to the summer of 1915, 

but during the high water in June of that year there was a decided shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 37.0 feet at 2 p. m. April 18, 

as determined by leveling from peg driven by observer at crest of flood (discharge 

determined from study of mean velocities and area curves, and discharge data, 

including discharge measurement the following day, 19,300 second-feet); minimum discharge, 74 second-feet, March 16.

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 37.0 feet April 18,1916 (discharge, 19,300 

second feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.40 feet September 5, 1910 (discharge 

about 40 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during the high water in June, 1915. 

There was also a period of temporary backwater from an unknown cause during 

July, 1916, as indicated by discharge measurements made July 19. The backwater from ice effect was continued later into the spring of 1916 by a log jam 

which was formed during the spring break-up and continued nearly through 

April. Rating curve used October 1, 1914, to June 18, 1915, well defined 

throughout. Rating curve used June 19,1915, to September 30,1916, fairly well 

defined below 5,670 second-feet and poorly defined above that point. Gage 

read to quarter tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage heights to rating table except for period when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice for which it was ascertained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records prior to June, 

1915, good; after that date fair.

Discharge measurements of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 12

Apr. 196

Made by 

S.B. SoulS.. ...........

E.L.Williams.........

S. B.Soule.............

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.50

7 57

6.88

31.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.350

182

102

78

17,400

Date.

May 5

July 19

19

Sept. 8

8

Made by 

S. B. SorM..... ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

16.30

7.28

7.24

10.13

10.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5.180

386

365

1.780

1,810

a Ice at control. 

6342° 18 WSP 435 

b Logjam below gage.
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn.,for the years 

ending Sept. SO, 1915 and 1916.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

19

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

20..............

91

22..............

23..............

24..............

OK

26.'............-

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

1915-16. 

1.............

2.............

3.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

1 t\

16.............

17.............

18.............

1Q

20.............

21.............

22.............

OQ

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30

31.............

Oct.

395

368

341

341

315

328

395

452

452

482

513

545

H7K

578

647

578

545

482

482

K7Q

612

fi47

fi47

fi19

612

578

545 

OQQ

OOQ

OOO

OK ft

oe«

3ft7

7KC

i ftsft

1,160

1,160

1,120

1 040 '%8

QQO

860

7Qft

7 co

790

860

860

824

7 eo

722

688

654

ccc

586

518

518

Nov.

513

513

513

545

545

578

578

578

545

KAK

A Of)

452

452

423

423

423

452

452

452

423

423

452

452

452

452

452

455

455

455

455

425

7PU3

1,160 

1.400

1,520

l', 560

i f\fift

1,560 

1.560 i ^fift

i ^Rft

I

OQfl

1 440

1 440

l' 440

l',240

1 ftftft

QfiQ

Dec.

482

482

482

482

482

452

452

452

423

QQK

395

341

240

150

121

119

1ft**

97

94

QQ

QC

QO

79

77

74

73

71

69

ft7

66

66 

860

807

P77Q

wKC

pjQQ

799

CQ7

Kl Q

OQK.

oQK

281

oCO

233

999

210

198

198

1QQ

1ft7

1Q7

1 Q1?

1 07

1 ft7

1 f\S

1 K.Q

i K.Q

148

148

1OQ

139

Jan.

59

58

58

60

58

60

65

69

73

81

77

78

7Q

Q1

QO

79

01

QO

QC

QO

Q1

84

84

Q/»

Ofl

86

86

-ion

 ton

130

10Q

1QQ

199

fiq

106

98

QP,

QQ

flQ

104

09

Q9

98

92

Feb.

86

86

86

86

81

81

81

81

01

QI

01

Q1

QI

QQ

98

103

109

119

130

i ^.ft

160

171

171

171

171

QO

92

QQ

(IS

106

106

113

199

199

199

199

......

Mar.

182

193

193

193

193

204

204

182

182

171

150 -ion

112

 tfiQ

QQ

97

on

QO

QC

QQ

92

QA

119

QQ

104

104

\i£i

QQ

QQ

QQ

QO

92

Q9

92

QO

Q9

80

$0

8070

on

74

on

on

80

oc

92

Q9

Q9

86

86

86

92

98

130

 tr>Q

1Q7

Apr.

121

160

204

302

395

482

578

719

989

1,320

1,540 , 1.680

1,540

1,280

989

831

719

683

647

683

71 Q

831

949

QRQ

1,030

1,070

1.110

1.110

1,070

999

1Q7

210

oen

eno

586

671

73Q

790

Q7Q

1 ncn

3,520

7,580

11,200

 to nnn

 JQ or»n

17 400

16', 000

ic r\nn

14, 100

13, 700

13 500

1O KAA

12,500

11,400

9,500

8,460

May.

1,030

1,070

1,190

1,280

1,460

1,540

1,640

1,770

1,900

2,130

2,260

2,260

2.130

2,000

5,140

5 300

5*420

4,920

3

OOA

2,040

1,900

1 fi9ft

1,540

1,460

1,460

1,500 

7,980

7 9fi.n

6

CQ/\

5,810

5,250

4

oon

3,800

3,460

3,190

3 080

3^020

5,530

S

oon.

S

oon

5,460

4 Q7ft

4 460

4^580

4 460

4 340

4,160

4,100

4,280

4,160

3

ocn

3,860

June.

1,540

1,640

1,680

1,640

1,720

1,820

1,900

2,080

2,310

2,860

3,600

5,580

6,460

7,180

8,000

S ftftft

8 n.nn

8

nen

5,460

4 t\9(\

3

Q/»n

3

ocn

4,460

5 OCA

9' 580

9 840

9^020

3^920

3 7Qft

3

OOA

3

QAA

3; 140

3

non

3 020

2 J o9n

2,970

3

non

3,080

2,970

2,920

2 non

2

non

2,970

3 080

3,630

3,580

3,360

3

qnn

July.

7,420

5,390

3.980

3,410

1,990

1,400

1,160

1,040

1,160

1,200

1,280

1,360

1,360

1,320

1,240

1,200

1,160

1,080

1,040

1,000

1,080

1,160

1,200

1,160

1,080

1,000

860

1,000

Jj iTrU

3,410

3 240

2, 920

2 390

1 990

1^740

1.560

1,240

1,120

i nnn

860

K1Q

AQK

AKK

QQK

OQK

QOC

OQC

365

335

qn.7

9Q1

QOC

QQC

Aug.

1,000

932

824

722

620

518

455

395

335

307

281

281

281

281

281

281

307

395

395

395

335

335

365

395

335

281

281

233

281

281

999

335

335

307

307

307

335

395

722

968

1,200

1,200

1,120

1,080

1,080

1,000

K-IQ

455

4OK

4CK

CK9

654

1,480

1,560

1,480

1,160

1 080

QOO

790

799

Sept.

187

148

122

98

122

167

167

167

167

148

148

187

177

167

167

158

158

187

177

167

167

167

167

167

198

210

210

187

210

233

620

552

518

552

586

722

1,940

1,740

1,690

1,480

1,320

1,160

1,120

1,240

1,520

1,840

1,940

1,840

1,640

1,480

1,400

1,320

1,240

1,240

1,280

1,080

QfiQ

932

824

824

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 6,1914, to Apr. 12,1915, and Nov. 15,1915, to Apr. 29,1916, estimated because of 

ice, and near the end of the later period, because of a log jam, from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Discharge July 1-25, 1916, estimated because of backwater from some unknown cause as indicated by discharge measurement of July 19. Discharge, June 4, 1916, interpolated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 51

Monthly discharge of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn.,for the years ending Sept.

30, 1915 and 1916.

\ [Drainage area, 1,720 square miles.J

Month.

1914-15.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

1915-16.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

647 

578 

482 

86 

171 

204 

1,680 

5,420 

9,840 

7,420 

1,000 

233

9,840

1,160 

1,560 

860 

139 

122 

187 

19,300 

7,980 

3,980 

3,410 

1,560 

1,940

19,300

Minimum.

315 

423 

66 

58 

81 

86 

121 

1,030 

1,540 

860 

222 

98

58

233

425 

139 

92 

92 

74 

187 

3,020 

2,860 

281 

307 

518

74

Mean.

509 

478 

230 

77 

108 

130 

850 

2,350 

5, 040 

1,670 

407 

170

1,000

735 

1,100 

336 

112 

110 

95 

7,310 

4,650 

3,270 

1,080 

791 

1,220

1,730

Per 

square 

mile.

0.296 

.278 

.134 

.045 

.063 

.076 

.494 

1.37 

2.93 

.973 

.237 

.099

.581

0.427 

.640 

.195 

.065 

.064 

.055 

4.25 

2.70 

1.90 

.628 

.460 

.709

1.01

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.34 

.31 

.15 

.05 

.07 

.09 

.55 

1.58 

3.27 

1.12 

.27 

.11

7.91

0.49 

.71 

.22 

.08 

.07 

.06 

4.74 

3.11 

2.12 

.72 

.53 

.79

13.64

UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASIN. 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ELK RIVER, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 3, T. 121 N., R. 23 W., at highway bridge in town of Elk River, 

about 2,500 feet below the mouth of Elk River, in Sherburne County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22, 1915, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to the handrail of bridge, downstream side, near right bank; 

read by W. H. Ebner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; control not well defined. Banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 14.8 feet at 8.25 

p. m. April 8; this stage followed a moving log and ice jam which produced several feet of backwater; corresponding discharge unknown; maximum stage under 

conditions of unobstructed channel, 10.8 feet on April 7 (discharge, 27,000 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded, 4.2 feet October 2 and 3, and December 3 and 4 

(discharge, 5,200 second-feet); absolute minimum discharge undoubtedly occurred during winter and was probably not far from 3,500 second-feet.

1915-16: Maximum stage recorded under unobstructed channel conditions, 

10.8 feet April 7, 1916 (discharge, 27,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

4.0 feet August 21, and 27-31, and September 9,11-13, 23, and 27,1915 (discharge, 

4,620 second-feet); absolute minimum undoubtedly occurred during winter of 

1915-16, and was probably not far from 3,500 second-feet.
52 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge estimated from discharge at Coon Rapids Power Plant, computed by the Minneapolis General Electric Co., allowance being made for the discharge of the Grow and Rum rivers, 

entering between Coon Rapids and the station.

REGULATION. Nearest dam above station on the Mississippi is at St. Cloud, 40 miles 

upstream. An observed systematic diurnal fluctuation at the gage of about 0.1 

foot is doubtless due to the regulation at St. Cloud; but most of the effect of regulation is equalized before reaching the station. The flow of the river is controlled 

by Government dams on the upper river to increase the low-water open-season 

flow in the interests of navigation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well defined between 4,620 and 12,400 second-feet and 

fairly well defined between 12,700 and 26,300 second-feet. Gage read to quarter 

tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights to rating table. Records good at medium and low stages and fair at high

COOPERATION. Records of discharge at Coon Rapids Power Plant, from which winter 

discharge is determined, furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Apr. 8

18

Made by 

S.B. Soul<5....... ......

tianson. 

Soule and Williams ....

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.09

10.60

9.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

25,300

21,900

Date.

Mav 10

Sept. 21

Made by 

S. B. Soul<5.... .........

Soule and Kilgore. .....

JSR.

Feet 

8.30

4.89

6.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

19,200

7,250

11,200

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., for the period 

July 22, 1915, to Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1915. 

1........

2........

5........

6. .......

7........

8........

10........

July. Aug.

9,200

8,880

7,930

7,310

7,000

6,700

6,700

6,100

5, WO

Sept.

4,340

4,840

4,620

4,340

4,620

4,910

4,620

Day.

1915. 

11........

12........

1^

14........

15........

16........

16........

18........

19........

20........

July. Aug.

5,500

5,800

5,800

5,800

5,800

5,200

5,200

5,200

4,910

4 oin

Sept.

4,620

4,620

4,910

5,200

5,200

4,910

4,910

5,500

4,910

Day.

1915. 

 21........

22........

23........

24........

25........

26........

27........

28........

29........

30........

31........

July.

13,400

12, 400

11,400

10,800

10,500

10,200

10,200

9,840

9,520

Aug.

4,620

4,910

5,200

5,200

4,910

4,620

4,620

4,620

4,620

4,620

Sept.

5,500

4,910

4,910

4,620

4,910

4,910

5,500
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 53

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn.,for the period 

July"22, 1915, to Sept. 30, 1916 Continued.

Day.

1915-16. 

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19...!..........

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

5,500

5,200

5,200

5,500

7,620

8,560

8,560

9,200

9,200

9,200

8,880

8,880

8.880

8,560

8,560

8,240

7,930

8,240

8,240

7,620

8,240

8,240

7,930

7,310

7,930

7,620

7,000

7,310

6,700

6,700

7,000

Nov.

6,700

6,400

6,100

6,400

5,800

6,400

5,800

6,700

7,000

6,700

8,240

9,840

10, 200

10,200

10,200

9,840

9,520

8,880

8,880

8,240

8,240

6,700

6,400

7,000

7,310

7,620'

7,620

7,930

7 000

5,800

Dec.

6,400

6,100

5,200

5,200

6,400

5,200

6,400

5,800

6,100

6,400

8,880

8,880

Jan.

4,150

Feb.

3,500

Mar. Apr.

p6,000

26,000

26,300

26,000

27,000

26,300

24,900

24,200

23,500

22,500

21,800

20,800

20,800

21,100

22,200

22,800

22,500

22,500

22,800

23,200

23,200

23,200

23,500

23,200

21,800

21,800

21,800

May.

21,500

21,500

21,500

21,100

20,800

20,500

20,100

19,400

19,100

18,400

17,400

17,100

16,700

16,400

16,700

17,400

18,100

18,100

18,100

18,100

18,400

19,100

20,100

20,100

21, 100

22,200

21,800

21,100

21,100

20,500

19 

' 800

June.

19, 100

18,800

18,100

17,100

16,400

16,000

15,400

14,700

14,000

13,400

13,000

12,700

12, 100

11,800

11,100

10,800

11,400

11,100

10,800

10,800

10,500

9,840

9,840

9,520

9,840

10,200

11, 100

10,800

12,100

16,000

July.

18,100

20,100

21,100

21,500

21,500

20,500

19, 400

18,100

17,700

16,7.00

15,700

14,700

13,700

13,000

12 400

11,800

11,400

11, 100

10,500

10,200

9,520

9,520

8,880

8,240

7,620

7,930

7,930

7,620

7,000

7,310

7,000

Aug.

7,310

6,700

7,000

7,000

7,000

6,700

6,700

7,310

7,310

7,620

7,310

7,310

7,620

7,620

7,620

6,700

7,000

7,620

7,620

7,620

7,620

9,840

10,200

10,800

10,800

10,800

10,500

10,200

10,200

9,520

9,200

Sept.

8,880

8,880

7,930

7,930

7,930

7,930

8,240

8,240

8,880

9,200

8,880

9,520

10,200

10,200

10,200

10,800

11,400

11,400

11,400

11,400

11,100

11,100

10,800

10,800

10,500

10,500

9,840

10,200

10,200

9,520

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 13 to Apr. 3, estimated, because of ice, by comparison with records of discharge 

at Coon Rapids Power Plant, furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co., allowance being made 

for the discharge of Crow and Eum rivers, which enter between Coon Rapids and the station.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., for the period July 22,

1915, to Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 14,500 square miles.]

Month.

1915. 

July 22-31. ....................................

1915-16.

MSiy.... .......................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,400 

9,200 

5,500

9,200 

10,200 

8,880

27,000 

22,200 

19, 100 

21,500 

10,800 

11,400

27,000

Minimum.

9,520 

4,620 

4,340

5,200' 

5,800 

4,400

20,800 

16,400 

9,520 

7,000 

6,700 

7,930

3,500

Mean.

11,100 

5,850 

4,840

7,73ff 

7,660 

5,180 

4,150 

3,<600 

3,800 

23,600 

19,500 

12,900 

13,200 

8,210 

9,800

9,920

Per 

square 

mile.

0.765 

.403 

.334

.533

.528 

.357 

.286 

.241 

.262 

1.63 

1.34 

.890 

.910 

.566 

.676

.684

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.28 

.46 

.37

.61

.59 

-41 

.33 

.26 

.30 

1.82 

1.54 

.99 

1.05 

.65 

.75

9.30
54 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ST. PAUL, MINN.

LOCATION. At the Chicago Great Western Railway bridge near the foot of Robert 

Street, St. Paul, 6 miles below mouth of Minnesota River, in Ramsey County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 35,700 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 1,1892, to September 30, 1916. Observations of stage 

begun in 1873 by United States Signal Service and continued by United States 

Weather Bureau. Many discharge measurements made prior to 1900 by the 

United States Engineer Corps.

GAGE. Chain gage installed May 9, 1913, on the handrail, downstream side, of Chicago Great Western Railway bridge, near the foot of Robert Street; read by the 

United States Weather Bureau. From 1911 to May 9, 1913, gage was a vertical 

staff gage attached to a piling on left bank of river, about 800 feet upstream from 

the present gage. Prior to 1911 a vertical staff gage on the Diamond Joe Line 

wharf, at the foot of Jackson Street, 400 feet below the chain gage, was used. 

The datum of all three gages is the same, allowance being made for the slight slope 

in the river between them.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Up to 1915 made from the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway bridge 2 miles above station; in November, 1915, and 

April, 1916, measurements were made from the Chicago Great Western Railway 

bridge to which the gage is attached. In June, 1916, measurement was made from 

the Wabasha Street highway bridge, about 1,000 feet above the station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed somewhat shifting. Control not well defined, banks 

moderately high; have not been overflowed in recent years.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.6 feet April 9 

(discharge, 73,500 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 2.1 feet 

December 19,1915 (discharge, 6,450 second-feet); absolute minimum undoubtedly 

occurred when river was frozen over and was somewhat lower.

1892-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 18.0 feet April 6, 1897 (discharge, 80,800 

second-feet); highest known discharge, 117,000 second-feet, occurred July 22, 

1867; minimum stage recorded, 0.9 foot March 22, 1898 (discharge, 1,420 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; monthly mean flow ascertained from records obtained by United States Engineers Corps at Lock and Dam 

No. 2, below Minnneapolis, allowance being made for the flow of the Minnesota 

River.

REGULATION. During extremely low water regulation of the flow through the turbine 

at the nearest dam in Minneapolis may cause diurnal fluctuation of stage at St. 

Paul. Flow is regulated by Government reservoirs on the headwaters at Lake 

Winnebigoshish, Leach Lake, Pokegama Lake, Sandy Lake, Pine River, and 

Gull Lake, to increase the low-water open-season flow in the interests of navigation, but the effect of this regulation is very gradual at St. Paul.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent, except as affected by ice 

during winter. Rating curve well defined throughout. Gage read once daily 

to tenths at medium and low stages. This perhaps does not represent the mean 

daily stage accurately on account of the artificial regulation at power plants in 

Minneapolis, but occasional additional readings indicate that the error is not 

large. Daily discharge ascertained by applying the daily gage heights to rating 

table. Records fair to good, accuracy probably increasing with the stage.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by United States Weather Bureau. 

Data upon which mean monthly flow during winter periods have been based, 

furnished by United States Engineers Corps.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 55

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 4...

Made by 

Soule" and Williams......................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.92

16.56

10.72

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

9,960

74,300

32,300

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.......:......

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

9 480

9' 480

10,400

10,600

11,800

13,000

10 AnO.

13,600

14,100

13, 800

iq qnn

13,000

12,500

12,000

12,500

12,000

19 9/Vl

12,800

12 000 n'soo

n

cAA

11,000

10,800

Nov.

10,800

10,800

10 600

10^100

9,920

9,700

10,100

10,100

10 600

10, 400

13, 300

16,000

17,800

17,500

16 900

17,200

14 900

10 OrtA

11,500

12,200

10 QflA

10 Ann

10 ; 600

Dec.

9,700

9,700

9,480

9,260

9,050

10,100

9 700

10^600

9 480

9,260

9 260

8^630

7,800

7,200

6 450 i '

7,070

Jan.

6,250

Feb.

5,900

Mar.

7 

' 860

9,920

11,300

13,000

14,100

15,800

la OAA

17 ftfin

1Q 9.nn

23 400

34 000

AA qnft

49,700

Apr.

56 400

62' 000

65,300

70,200

71,900

73,500

79 7nft

71 onn

70 CAH

68,600

64,500

60 400

CO* fl/Vi

52 600

51,100

49 700

4Q1 7flft

49 700

49^700

50 400

51^800

52,600

54 800 KO nnn

59,600

60 400

6l'200

60,400

cc Arm

May.

co .tnn

51,100

49 700

47*600

46*200

44 800

43*600

41 600

on' 7AA

07 QAA

oc Ann

00 CAA

oo nnn

30,200

30.200

31, 100

qO CAA

33,000

34,000

34 500

07 QAA

OA 7AA

41,000

44 200

47' 600

49,700

51,100

June.

49,000

46,900

44,800

42/200

40,300

37.900 OK Ann

34 000 oo' RAH

30 700

29,000

97 'Wl

26 700

24 800

24,500

24 100

f)A RAA

fJA KAA

00 7AA

OO AAA

99 Qftft

01 AAA

91 fMVl

21,000

22,000

22,700

oq 7AA

24,800

July.

29,000

32,500

35,000

07 onn

40,300

41,600

40,300

39 100

36^700

OK AAA

33,000

29,400

no onn

27; 100

26 700 97' f»nn

OQ nnn

OQ Ann

1 97 f»no

26 700

OF; Ann

24 500

23 000

1 99' ^nn

91 ^nn

20 000

17,500

Aug.

16,600

15,200

id Ann

14,100

10 Ann

iq Ann

14 400

iq QAA

iq qnn

iq Ann

iq «nn

10 nnn

12,800

12,200

iq AAA

iq qnn

iq q/vv

13 30X)

14 400

1C CAA

IK cnn

i f» ann

15,800

15,800

15,200

Sept.

U QAf)

14,400

iq onn

13,600

13,300

13,000

iq q/vv

13,600

14,100

iq onn

14 400

14! 600

14,600

14,600

15,200

15,500

15,800

15, 500

1 f» finn

14,600

14,600

14,100

14,100

13,600

13,600

13,600

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 20 to Mar. 16, estimated, because of ice. from gage-height records collected by the 

United States Engineer Corps at Lock and Dam No. 2 below Minneapolis, at which point open-water 

conditions prevail throughout the winter. In this estimate allowance has been made tor the flow of the 

Minnesota River, which enters between Lock and Dam No. 2, and station.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 35,700 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,100 

17,800 

10,600

49,700 

73,500 

53,400 

49,000 

41, 600 

16,600 

15,800

73,500

Minimum.

9,480 

9,700 

6,450

7,860 

49,700 

30,200 

21,000 

17,500 

12,200 

13,000

5,900

Mean.

12,100 

13,000 

8,210 

6,250 

5,900 

13,900 

59,700 

40,700 

29,100 

29,800 

14,300 

14.300

20,600

Per

square 

mile.

0.339 

.364 

.230 

.175 

.165 

.389 

1.67 

1.14 

.815 

.835 

.400 

.400

.577

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.39 

.41 

.26 

.20 

.18 

.45 

1.86 

1.31 

.91 

.96 

.46 

.45

7.84

SANDY RIVER BELOW SANDY LAKE RESERVOIR, MINN.

LOCATION. At Sandy Lake dam* near Libby post office, Aitkin County, 1 mile 

above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 424 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 7, 1893, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by an employee of the United States Engineer 

Corps at a section a short distance below dam. The section at which measurements are made is not well adapted to measurements of low discharge, the 

velocities being too low.

DISCHARGE. Determined from flow through openings of dam and from frequent 

discharge measurements.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded during year, 2,090 secondfeet May 6; no flow April 17.

1893-1916: Maximum discharge recorded, 3,738 second-feet July 12, 1897; no 

flow at frequent intervals from 1893 to 1912, and again on April 17, 1916.

REGULATION. Flow at station wholly controlled by Sandy Lake reservoir. At low 

stages area of reservoir 8 square miles, and at high stages .16.5 square miles. 

These areas, with a range of 9.4 feet, give a capacity of 3,127,900,000 cubic feet.

ACCURACY. Daily discharge determined by United States Army engineers from gage 

reading indicating head on dam forming Sandy Lake reservoir and from varying 

amount of submerged openings, discharge measurements being made from time 

to time to check the computations. Section at which discharge measurements 

are made is not adapted to measuring small discharge, as velocities are too low; 

determination of discharge at very low stages are based entirely upon theoretical 

formulas. Results below 300 second-feet are only roughly approximate and 

may be 20 per cent to 25 per cent in error. Records at high stage are considered 

good.

COOPERATION. Records of discharge as published are furnished by the United States 

Engineer Corps, which maintains the station for the purpose of measuring the 

flow from the Sandy Lake reservoir, one unit in the Government reservoir 

system at the headwaters of the Mississippi.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 57

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sandy River below Sandy Lake Reservoir, Minn.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

l..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

75

300

298

300

301

300

a302

300

302

301

300

301

299

302

298

302

300

301

300

301

301

301

300

299

300

299

300

300

300

300

9OO

Nov.

302

302

302

302

300

299

301

300

300

0300

302

298

300

300

301

309

293

312

328

o316

329

306

336

330

310

310

317

329

336

324

Dec.

307

300

304

312

315

312

309

300

297

289

289

280

287

293

295

292

286

274

268

268'

267

267

271

266

264

263

267

265

264

259

261

Jan.

259

264

264

263

266

268

266

266

265

265

262

200

200

199

201

199

202

199

201

202

201

201

199

202

199

201

201

201

199

202

201

Feb.

199

200

201

200

200

200

201

301

299

300

302

300

299

301

301

299

302

300

300

302

299

301

302

300

301

301

298

302

300

Mar.

301

300

301

300

299

301

299

301

301

298

300

299

300

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

301

299

302

299

300

300

185

135

110

86

Apr.

79

102

126

149

196

220

a244

205

166

128

89

50

51

49

51

0

50

50

51

49

50

25

131

899

1,048

al,579

1,689

1,800

al,910

May.

1,684

1,797

1,897

2,005

2,085

2,091

1,950

2,015

1,979

2,003

2,002

2,083

1,249

1,169

1,145

1,165

1,138

1,159

1,175

1,173

982

984

985

986

1,022

1,022

1,022

1,019

1,018

973

756

June.

739

441

460

461

465

469

413

496

156

156

154

154

155

155

155

157

157

159

161

161

159

260

259

154

153

83

85

85

93

267

July.

634

^32

822

811

724

704

675

425

76

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

Aug.

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

495

490

535

530

525

520

520

520

520

525

525

520

525

520

520

520

520

509

495

493

493

487

476

Sept.

512

512

506

501

488

488

488

488

488

410

405

405

405

405

395

395

390

385

348

311

303

295

295

295

303

303

295

295

220

223

a Discharge measurement.

Monthly discharge of Sandy River below Sandy Lake Reservoir, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Prainage area, 424 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

302 

336 

315 

268 

302 

302 

1,910 

2,090 

739 

832 

535 

512

2,090

Minimum.

75 

293 

259 

199 

199 

10 

0 

756 

83 

15 

15 

220

0

Mean.

293 

310 

284 

223 

276 

203 

380 

1,410 

247 

195 

384 

385

384

Per

square 

mile.

0.691 

.731 

.670 

.526 

.651 

.479 

.896 

3.33 

.582 

.460 

.906 

.908

.906

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.80 

.82 

.77 

.61 

.70 

.55 

1.00 

3.84 

.65 

.53 

1.04 

1.01

12.32

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey. 

PINE RIVER BELOW PINE RIVER RESERVOIR, MINN.

LOCATION. In T. 137 N., R. 27 W., just below dam at outlet of Cross Lake, which is 

15 miles above mouth of river, in the central part of Crow Wing County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 452 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1895, to September 30, 1916. Records of monthly 

mean discharge and total monthly discharge from April, 1886, to November, 1893, 

are published in Report of Chief Engineers, United States Army, for 1894, part 3, 

p. 1707.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by an employee of United States Engineer 

Corps, stationed at the reservoir.

DISCHARGE. Determined from daily gage heights representing head on dam, and 

from records of flow through openings of various sizes in the dam. Discharge 

measurements are made about once a week to check these determinations.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 589 second-feet July 15; 

minimum discharge recorded, 10 second-feet April 30 to May 19.

1895-1916: Maximum discharge recorded, 1,586 second-feet June 29, 1901; no 

flow June 8 to 15, 17, 19, and 20, 1906.

WINTER FLOW. Determinations made as during open-water periods; see paragraph 

on "Discharge. "

REGULATION. Flow wholly controlled by Government reservoir at station. Area 

of reservoir at low water, 18 square miles; at high water, 24 square miles. These 

areas, with a range of 16.15 feet, give a capacity of 7,732,900,000 cubic feet. The 

dam raised the water in Cross, Pine, Daggett, Rush, Whitefish, Trout, and Hay 

lakes by varying amounts.

ACCURACY. Discharge determined by engineers of the United States Engineer Corps 

from gage readings which indicate head on dam forming the reservoir, and from 

records of flow through openings of various sizes in the dam. These computations 

are checked about once a week by discharge measurements made by an employee 

at the dam. Records good.

COOPERATION. Records of discharge as published are furnished by United States 

Engineer Corps which maintains the station for the purpose of measuring the flow 

from Pine River reservoir, the lowest in the present system of Government reservoirs on the headwaters of the Mississippi.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn., for tlie

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ....... ...

2......

3......

4..

5........

6.........

7..

8, .......

9.......... .

10..............

11..

12....

13.

14.... . .

15..............

16..............

17.......... ...

18......

19..............

20. ........ ...

21..............

22........

23..

24..............

25..............

26.... ...

27........ ...

28.... .

29..............

30..............

31..............

Get.

502

o298

300

302

304

306

308

Qf A

qi 9

«MI

Q11

O1 (\

01 A

OAfi

<»308

OA7

Ortfi

OAK

OAyl

304

0303

304

OftC

0|Y7

Of A

Oil

312

0313

313

Nov.

313

312

312

311

311

310

3in

o-lft

qi i

Of 1

310

OAQ

OAQ

OA7

OA7

o306

OAK

304

OAO

OAO

OAO

OA1

300

300

300

Dec.

300

300

300

o302

299

298

296

295

a 9Q4.

293

OQ9

291

290

290

289

o289

290

OQ1

292

OQO

9Q4.

294

295

OOP:

294

294

293

293

Jan.

o323

322

321

321

OOA

qoA

Of Q

017

occ

t)KK

a 252

oc.9

253

9 cq

C)KA

9CC

f)KK

\ 255

9ce

9cc

9CC

255

Feb.

253

252

250

249

o247

252

285

9QQ

OAQ

309

309

309

OAQ

OAQ

OAK

^fte

OAK

305

0313

323

O9Q

355

Mar.

356

356

355

o355

355

355

356

357

358

372

o384

386

410

412

414

414

419

410

408

405

403

400

400

400

412

428

Apr.

o461

461

461

461

461

461

461

460

455

452 AC-t

1 AQ

109

109

1 AQ

109

109

109

109

ollO

108

IftA

1AO

100

100

69

10

May.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

49

42

42

48

50

o53

CK

57

59

61

June.

o53

53

o54

56

57

59

60

62

65

o69

69

69

69

69

69

215

o237

237

237

9Qft

235

OO-l

234

234

July.

a 334

360

395

450

510

o565

570

o575

576

577

579

580

587

581

573

557

533

493

463

428

418

o414

414

414

Aug.

o414

412

410

409

o408

408

408

408

408

408

408

407

408

408

409

409

o410

410

Q> 256

9CQ

tyaK

268

271

971

271

271

271

Sept.

o271

o252

253

254

255

OK?

9KQ

9CA

9CQ

OCQ

259

9Co

OEQ

9-0

9KQ

9CQ

9KQ

a259

OEQ

9CQ

9KQ

258

258

»257

o Discharge measurement.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 59

Monthly discharge of Pine River reservoir, Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 452 square miles.]

Month.

O ct ober .......................................

February. ................................... . March. . .......................................

April ........................................

June. ........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

September. ... .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

502 

313 

302 

323 

355 

440 

462 

61 

237 

589 

414 

271

589

Minimum.

298 

300 

289 

252 

247 

355 

10 

10 

53 

334 

256 

252

10

Mean.

314 

307 

294 

278 

293 

392 

243 

25 

148 

504 

358 

258

285

Per 

square 

mile.

0.695 

.679 

.650 

.615 

.648 

.867 

.538 

.055 

.328 

1.12 

.792 

.571

.631

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.80 

.76 

.75 

.71 

.70 

1.00 

.60 

.06 

.37 

1.29 

.91 

.64

8.59

CROW WING RIVER AT MOTLEY, MINN.

LOCATION. Near north border of sec. 18, T. 133 N., R. 31 W., at highway bridge in 

village of Motley, about a quarter of a mile north of the Northern Pacific Railway 

station and 2 miles above mouth of Long Prairie River, the nearest tributary, 

in Cass County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,140 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 10 to November 30,1909, and April 17,1913, to September 

30, 1916. The records for 1909 consist of discharge measurements and gage 

heights only.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of bridge near right bank; read 

by S. W. Jacobs. Prior to July 21, 1916, gage was a staff in two sections, the 

lower section attached to an old log bulkhead which constituted abutment of a 

former bridge and was about 20 feet above upstream side of bridge at left bank; 

upper section was attached to an old piling just above lower section.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; fairly permanent. 

Banks not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.5 feet April 

5 and 6 (discharge, 9,440 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 

6.39 feet November 3. 1915 (discharge, 771 second-feet); minimum discharge 

during period river was frozen over is estimated at 458 second-feet December 

31, 1915.

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 11.5 feet April 5 and 6, 1916 (discharge 

9,440 second-feet): minimum open-water stage recorded, 6.0 feet June 17 and 18; 

1913 (discharge, 528 second-feet). A flow of 417 second-feet was measured by 

current meter February 26, 1914; the absolute minimum is probably somewhat 

lower than this amount.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Nearest dam above station at outlet of Lower Crow Wing Lake, about 

67 miles above Motley; regulation at this point has very little effect at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably changed a little during high water 

in April and affected by ice during winter. Rating curve used October 1 to 

April 2 well defined between 778 and 3,620 second-feet. Rating curve used April 

3 to September 30 fairly well defined between 940 and 4,790 second-feet; above
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1916, PART V.

4,790 second-feet it is an extension. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily, 

gage readings July 8 to 20 believed to be unreliable and were not used. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table, except 

for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice 

effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Records October 1 to November 15 and July 21 to September 30, good; April 3 

to July 7, fair; July 8-20, poor; winter records November 16 to April 2 range from 

fair to good.

Discharge measurements of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 9

9

Mar. 15o

Made by 

's. B. Soule".... .........

.....do.................

E.L. Williams.........

S.B. Soul6.... .........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.58

6.59

7 94

7.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

921

<W1

con

4C1

Date.

Apr. 11

July 7

21

Sept. 10

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.44

7.86

6.86

6.97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,820

2,920

i 9*\n

1 ' 490

Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn. for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

OP:

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

778

826

850

952

1,240

1,310

1,380

1,120

1,120

1,010

952

QCO

905

905

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

952

952

858

858

842

842

842

842

818

818

Nov.

794

778

771

794

794

794

794

905

on^

952

1 060

1,120

858

QKO

952

952

952

952

952

952

952

905

818

778

Dec.

744

710

681

fiCO

641

641

641

coc

609

588

588

588

560

472

476

506

519

532

569

550

541

532

524

502

532

476

458

Jan.

458

461

461

461

461

461

454

454

454

448

454

448

458

451

444

454

447

448

454

448

458

479

Feb.

476

498

498

520

KOO

546

560 Ken

fvRH

569

584

588

598

598

598

603

CQQ

584

588

588

588

588

574

574

574

574

574

Mar.

550

541

KOO

524

506

4QP»

487

487

479

491

491

491

491

491

502

506

506

524

524

537

550

550

550

560

652

Apr.

1,180

5,300

6,590

7,540

9,440

9 440

8'490

7,730

4,450

4,110

4,110

4,110

4,110

3,940

3,770

3,770

3,770

3,770

3,770

3,770

3,770

3,770

3,430

3,430

3,000

2,760

2,440

2,200

May.

2,130

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,060

1 980

1 QflA

1,830

1,760

1,760

1,620

1,900

2,200

2,440

2,600

2,600

2,520

2,520

2,520

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,520

2,360

2,200

2,060

2,060

June.

2,060

2,060

1,980

1,900

1,900

1,830

1,760

1,760

1,690

1,620

1,620

1,550

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,550

1,620

1,550

1,550

1,360

1,170

1,230

1,290

1,420

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,420

2,200

2,920

July.

3,770

4,110

3,940

3,770

3,430

3,090

2,840

2,730

2,520

2,420

2,310

2,210

1,990

1,890

1,780

1,680

1,570

1,470

1,360

1,230

1,170

1,050

995

995

1,050

1,050

1,050

995

940

Aug.

920

900

830

840

840

920

920

900

930

995

910

920

900

940

995

1,050

1,050

1,620

1,900

1,980

1 900

1,830

1,690

1,550

1,420

1,420

1,360

Sept.

1,290 i 9on

1,290

i 9^n

1,170

1,360

1,480

1 4Sfl

i t\Rjn

1,480

1 4Sfl

1,480

1,480

1,550

1,760

1,760

1,690

1,690

1,620

1,620

1,480

1,420

1 360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

NOTE. Discharge, Nov. 16 to Apr. 2, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Discharge, July 8-20 interpolated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 61

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 2,140 square miles.]

Month.

March ............ ....

April..........................................

May... ........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,380 

1,180 

744 

472 

614 

724 

9,440 

2,680 

2,920 

4,110 

1,980 

1,760

9,440

Minimum.

778 

771 

458 

441 476' 

479 

1,180 

1,620 

1,170 

940 

830 

1,170

441

Mean.

979 

913

569 

454 

569 

528 

4,570 

2,190 

1,660 

2,070 

1,180 

1,460

1,430

Per

square 

mile.

0.458 

.427 

.266 

.212 

'.266 

.247 

2.14 

1.02 

.776 

.967 

.551 

.682

.668

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.53 

.48 

.31 

.24 

.29 

.28 

2.39 

1.18 

.87 

1.11 

.64 

.76

9.08

LONG PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MOTLEY, MINN.

LOCATION. On west line of sec. 19, T. 133 N., R. 31 W., at highway bridge 1 mile south 

of Motley and 2 miles above mouth of river, in Morrison County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 973 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 10, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge, near middle of stream; 

read by Mrs. Clem Thompson, Prior to August 9, 1916, gage was a staff attached 

to an overhanging stump on right bank of river, about 100 yards above bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge 100 

yards below gage; low-stage measurements made by wading a short distance 

above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of light gravel; practically permanent. Left 

. bank low; subject to overflow at extreme flood stages; right bank high and not 

subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 15.0 feet April 5, determined 

by leveling from flood marks (discharge, estimated, 4,280 second-feet, allowance 

being made for backwater); minimum open-water stage recorded, 5.4 feet October 23 to November 3, 1915 (discharge, 200 second-feet); minimum discharge* 

when river was frozen over estimated at 78 second-feet February 28 to March 3. 

1909-1916: Maximum stage during period, 15.0feet, April5,1916, determined by 

leveling from flood marks (estimated discharge, 4,280 second-feet, allowance being 

made for backwater). A discharge of 39 second-feet was measured by current 

meter on February 27, 1914; absolute minimum probably about 30 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed by fill in channel, probably during the 

last part of the summer of 1915. The effect of this fill was complicated by backwater caused by a varying amount of vegetation which obstructed the channel at 

the same time. No vegetation obstructed the channel during the summer of 1916, 

Discharge October 1-31,1915, determined by indirect method owing to obstruction 

of the channel by vegetation. Rating curve used November 1 to September 30, 

fairly well defined from 78 to 1,730 second-feet; above 1,730 second-feet it is an 

extension determined from area and mean velocity curves. Gage read to half-tenths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table except for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by aquatic
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

plants or ice for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily 

gage heights corrected for backwater by means of discharge measurements and, 

for winter period, observer's notes and weather records. Records good for lowwater periods; fair for high-water periods.

Discharge measurements of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 8

8

Made by 

S.B.Soul<5... ..........

.....do..................

E.L.Williams.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height:

Feet. 

5.68

5.68

5 Q1

6.10

6.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

287

292

152

103

121

Date.

Apr. 12 July 7

20

Made by 

O . Christianson. ........

S.B.SouW.. ...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

7.75

8.01

6.18

6.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,550

1.740

520

502

a. Control obstructed by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5............

6............

7..........

8............

9..............

10............

11............

12..............

13............

14..........

15............

16............

17.......... .

18............ .

19..........

20.............

21..........

22............ .

23..........

24..........

25........

26..............

27............

28..............

29............

30.........

31............

Oct.

212

212

212

231

- 231

231

212

212

212

931

250

270

270

290

qi 9

oto

oca

qqo

333

290

178

178

Nov.

200

200

200

216

216

206

232

232

248

265

265

265

265

300

qnn

OrtA

320

320

qort

340

340

340

360

360

360

OCA

360

Dec.

360

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

320

320

09 A

300

282

94Q

216

OAft

185

170

1 K.7

154

1 K.9

144

144

1 09

120

Jan.

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

132

132

120

120

109

109

QQ

QQ

98

QQ

QQ

QQ

92

QQ

1 ftQ

109

inn

inn

Feb.

126

144

144

144

138

132

126

120

114

109

109

109

104

98

QS

98

104

109

IftQ

109

109

109

98

93

QQ

CO

70

78.

Mar.

78

78

78

83

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

104

124

19H

109

138

144

144

144

150

157

157 1157

171

IQC

OAft

216

470

545

Apr.

570

805

1,280

3,130

4,280

3,380

2,790

2,370

2,050

1,890

1.730

1,580

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,070

1, 140

1,210

1,210

1,280

870

H7ft

QQK

1,070

J,000

1.000

QQK

Q7ft

May.

805

805

805

805

870

870

895

920

945

970

995

1,020

1,040

1 070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1.070

1,070

1,070

1,070 i nnn

1,000

QOC

1 000

1 ' ftftft

1,000

1,070

June.

1,070

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,070

1,070

1,000

935

935

935

805

870

740

740

740

740

740

740

740

740

740

805

805

HftK.

QAK

Hft5

one

G7ft

1,420

1 

' 970

July.

2,370

2,370

2,370

2,450

2,540

2,620

1,730

1,650

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,070

1,000

935

870

870

870

740

740

680

652

624

597

597

597

597

597

KQ7

545

KAK

OCA

Aug.

380

340

360

805

805

144

144

144

340

360

340

360

360

380

380

380

360

340

1,420

1.420

570

KQ7

624

652

652

740

740

624

520

Sept.

520

520

470

470

470

470

446

470

495

545

545

570

570

624

can

"fiRft

CCft

fl94

f^Q7

570

COft

624

624

624

624

597

570

570

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 28 to Apr. 11, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Discharge Oct. 1-31 determined by indirect method for shifting control because of backwater caused by growth of vegetation in the channel. Discharge May 7-13 and Sept. 8 inter- polated.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 63

Monthly discharge of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 973 square miles.]

Month.

April...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

356 

360 

360 

132 

144 

545 

4,280 

1,070 

1,970 

2,620 

1,420 

680

4,280

Minimum.

178 

200 

120 

88 

78 

78 

570 

805 

740 

380 

144 

446

78

Mean.

243 

291 

242. 

110 

110 

157 

1,550 

985 

929 

1,150 

527 

' 569

571

Per 

square 

mile.

0.250 

.299 

.249 

.113 

.113 

.161 

1.59 

1.01 

.955 

1.18 

.542 

.585

.587

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.29 

.33 

.20 

.13 

.12 

.19 

1.77 

1.16 

1.07 

1.36 

.63 

.65

v 7.99

ELK RIVER NEAR BIG LAKE, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, T. 33 N., R. 27 W., at highway bridge 4 miles east of Big 

Lake, Sherburne County, and three-quarters of a mile north of Bailey station on 

Northern Pacific and Great Northern railways, half a mile above Tebbetts Brook 

and 4 miles below mouth of St. Francis River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 615 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 15, 1911, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to upstream edge of left abutment; read by 

Michael Tracy. Prior to April 7, 1916, the gage was a staff gage attached to a 

piling about 10 feet above the upstream edge of bridge, near right bank of river.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high stages made from the downstream side of 

bridge; at medium and low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and light gravel. Just below gage 

is a slight rapids which constitutes the control at medium and low stages and at 

which the bed consists of considerably heavier gravel and cobblestones, and is 

fairly permanent. From July to October, the channel is obstructed by aquatic 

plants which cause considerable backwater that increases as the summer advance, 

and reaches a maximum some time in September. Right bank high and will 

not be subject to overflow; left bank subject to overflow at a stage of about 9 

feet, and some of the water cuts across a point formed by a loop in the river and 

does not pass under the bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.5 feet April 5 

(discharge, 4,060 second-feet); minimum discharge, 96 second-feet, several times 

during January.

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10 feet at 6.30 p. m., May 7, 1912 (discharge, 5,100 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded 0.22 foot July 

16, 1911 (discharge, 43.4 second-feet, measured by current meter); a discharge 

of 39 second-feet was measured by current meter on January 27, 1912.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent, except as affected by ice 

during the frozen period and by backwater from aquatic plants in the latter part 

of the summer. Rating curve well defined throughout. Gage read to quarter 

tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights to rating table except when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice 

for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights 

corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Records fair.
64 SITKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

Discharge measurements of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

Ont on

 p0Vx OQn

Apr. 7

Made by 

S. B. Soule"...... .......

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.27

1 90

6 91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

195

110

100

2 Q4O

Date.

Apr. 15

May 19

July 6

Made by 

E. L.Williams.........

.....do.................

.....do..................

S.B. Soule".. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.57

2.48

5.18

1.59

1.67

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,120

711

2.020

292

01Q

Ice at control. & Grass at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for the year endin

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

148

141

143

178

165

190

203

203

216

216

203

203

203

203

190

178

190

190

190

190

203

203

198

198

206

200

195

190

198

190

182

Nov.

195

190

190

185

185

185

188

206

216

236

371

433

448

448

480

496

480

480

448

417

386

283

326

371

386

356

312

297

269

211

Dec.

283

283

269

269

269

269

229

229

229

229

229

216

203

190

178

165

160

141

130

125

123

118

118

118

118

118

118

118

118

Jan.

116

114

111

111

109

109

111

116

120

118

116

120

118

105

98

96

OR

96

96

100

100

96

130

118

130

141

170

182

208

Feb.

200

195

190

185

180

175

170

170

165

158

161

141

132

123

130

136

136

141

146

153

153

153

153

143

141

134

Mar.

132

132

136

136

136

136

141

146

153

153

146

158

158

165

163

155

160

160

155

160

160

160

165

170

206

211

216

242

294

506

698

Apr.

986

1,360

2,030

3,540

4,060

3,400

3,140

2,210

1,860

1,690

1,580

1,430

1,330

1,240

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,110

1,070

1,110

1,110

1.110

1,110

1,070

1,110

1,110

1,070

990

950

871

May.

794

757

720

683

647

612

545

545

545

496

464

448

432

448

528

545

578

647

720

720

757

990

1,070

1,110

1,330

1,910

1,970

1,740

1,580

1,380

1,200

June.

1,070

950

871

794

720

683

647

612

612

578

545

528

545

 545

545

578

545

545

528

512

480

464

448

448

432

496

528

545

871

1,240

July.

1,970

2,450

2,690

2,510

2,270

1,970

1,740

1,530

1,330

1,200

990

757

612

545

545

496

480

464

448

417

402

386

371

341

326

297

341

Aug.

312

297

269

269

297

297

312

297

283

326

326

312

9O7

283

283

Ocn

283

9Q7

297

297

297

297

312

312

326

341

341

341

341

326

Sept.

326

326

312

QI 9

312

9Q7

297

283

269

9fiQ

9Q7

297

01 o

326

326

341

341

326

326

312

312

312

9Q7

283

297

9Q7

297

9Q7

283

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 7 to Apr. 2 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Discharge Oct. 1-31 and July 11 to Sept. 30, determined by indirect method 

for shifting channel because of backwater caused by the growth of aquatic plants in the channel.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 65

Monthly discharge of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 615 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

216 

496 

283 

208 

200 

698 

4,060 

1,970 

1,240 

2,690 

341 

341

4,060

Minimum.

141 

185 

118 

96 

123 

132 

871 

432 

432 

297 

269 

269

96

Mean.

191 

322

184 

124 

154 

194 

1,570 

868 

630 

977 

305 

306

485

Per

square 

mile.

0.310 

.524 

.299 

.202 

.250 

.315 

2.55 

1.41 

1.02 

1.59 

.496 

.498

.789

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.36 

.58 

.34 

.23 

.27 

.36 

2.84 

1.63 

1.14 

1.83 

.57 

.56

10.71

CROW RIVER AT ROCEFORD, MINIST.

LOCATION. In sec. 29, T. 119 N., R. 24 W., at highway bridge at Rockford, about 

400 feet below dam, not in use at present, about one-third mile below the " Soo" 

Railway bridge, and about a mile below the junction of the north and south 

branches. Between the junction and the station are the outlets of Rebecca Lake 

and Lake Sarah, both very small streams.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 4, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,520 square miles.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to a piling a few feet upstream from right end of 

bridge; read by G. W. Florida.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high and medium stages, made from the bridge; at 

low stages, made by wading about 600 feet below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed (for most part) composed of heavy gravel; practically 

permanent. Banks are not overflowed except during extreme floods.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.9 feet at 6 p. m. 

April 2, and 7 a. m. April 3 (discharge, 10,600 second-feet); minimum discharge, 

144 second-feet, January 19 and 20.

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 15.9 feet at 6 p. m. April 2 and 7 a. m. 

Apri.13,1916 (discharge, 10,600 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 

4.55 feet January 29 and February 5, 1911 (discharge, 34 second-feet); absolute 

minimum probably about 30 second-feet and occurred in February, 1915.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Prior to the winter of 1911- 

12, little ice formed at the control, and the open-water rating curve was applicable 

throughout the year. Before the dam just above the station was destroyed, the 

temperature of the large body of water back of the dam was considerably above 

freezing, and the water did not freeze quickly when released; but since the 

destruction of the dam natural conditions exist and ice forms.

REGULATION. On the North, Middle, and South forks of Crow River there are seven 

power plants with small storage, but the regulation at the various points is so 

slight that no appreciable effect is observed at the gage. Dam immediately above 

gage was partly destroyed May 31, 1911, and has not since been repaired. 

6342° 18 WSP 435 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1916,, PART V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined above and fairly well defined below 1,000 second-feet. 

Gage read to bundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage heights to rating table except for periods when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records above 1,000 secondfeet during open-water period excellent; below 1,000 second-feet only fair, owing 

to difficulty of obtaining accurate discharge measurements; during period channel was obstructed fair.

Discharge measurements of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Jan. 12o

13

Made by 

S.B.Soule.............

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.85

5.88

15.76

11.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

OA9

10,300

5,380

Date.

July 7

Aug. 18

Sept. 27

Made by 

S.B.Sould... ..........

R. B. Kilgore. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.30

6.08

5.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,850

752

584

Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

.2..............

3..... .........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.. /.... .......

22..............

23..............

24..............

26..............

26..............

27. .............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

665

692

720

748

720

665

638

638

610

582

582

555

528

528

528

555

582

610

610

582

582

555

555

528

472

472

445

Nov.

445

445

420

420

395

 395

395

KAA

665

950

1,190

1,310

1 640

1,640

1,310

1 450

1,790

1,790

1,710

1,640

1,130

1,070

1,010

1,130

Dec.

1.45C

1,310

1,190

1,130

1,070

1,010

950

QCA

1,010

950

905

QA K

7KK

695

638

583

CKK

KOO

500

473

445

420

q7fl

370

04 K

300

291

279

Jan.

257

217

209

202

OOQ

221

217

211

OOQ

202

194

179

179

1 00

179

114

179

257

266

261

9*V7

245

9^7

237

257

Feb.

198

187

229

007

229

91 7

OAQ

217

217

209

OOQ

OOQ

198

217 007

202

194

1S7

179

187

179

179

162

1 £.8

1fi9

Mar.

169

179

169

1fl9

165

179

217

237

244

9K7

917

1S7

1QC

237

917

270

97Q

323

A.A. ^

637

1,190

1,450

3,510

8,500

Apr.

9,800

10, 400

10,400

10,400

9

cnn

8,220

7,050

6,570

5,770

5,330

4,930

A 7Qft

4,830

4,730

4,730

4,630

4,530

4 4Qft

4 430

4 050

4,050

3,870

3,780

3,780

3,780

3,600

May.

3,510

3,240

3,150

2,970

2,810

2,650

2,490

2,410

2,170

2,010

1,940

2,010

2,890

2,810

2,970

3,240

3,330

3,510

4,330

A 7qn

5,330

6,100

5,880

5,660

June.

5,330

4,930

4.430

4,140

3,780

3,510

3,330

3,060

2,730

2,490

2,650

2,810

3,060

3,060

2,970

2,810

2,730

2,570

2,650

2,650

2,570

2,410

2

00A

2,410

2,730

July.

2,970

3,150

3,150

3,060

2,970

2,970

2,890

2

7qn

2,570

2,330

2,170

2,090

1,940

2,090

2,330

2,810

2,730

2,570

2,410

2,170

2,010

1,870

1,800

1,660

i ^ion

1,450

1,380

Aug.

1,190

1,130

1,070

1,070

1,010

950

950

890

Sfift

QKrt

860

830

OQA

775

748

692

665

638

665

748

77c

79ft

748

748

720

748

748

TT\

Sept.

77 ^

802

802

802

SO9

oqn

on9

con

on9

775

748

748

720

79ft

79ft

692

692

ftfiK

610

fioo

610

610

610

610

610

COO

610

610

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 15-17,21-25 and Dec. 13 to Mar. 31, estimated, because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIF. 67

Monthly discharge of Crow River at Rockford, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,520 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

748 

1,790 

1,450 

266 

237 

9,350 

10,400 

6,100 

5,330 

3,150 

1,190 

830

10,400

Minimum.

445 

395 

279 

144 

151 

162 

3,600 

1,940 

2,330 

1,250 

638 

582

144

Mean.

582 

1,090 

747 

214 

198 

1,220 

5,980 

3,350 

3,100 

2,340 

829 

708

1,690

Per

square 

mile.

0.231 

.432 

.296 

.085 

.079 

.484 

2.37 

1.33 

1,23 

.929 

.329 

.381

.671

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.27 

.48 

.34 

.10 

.08 

.56 

2.64 

1.53 

1.37 

1.07 

.38 

.31

9.13

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MONTEVIDEO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 17, T. 117 N., R. 40 W., at highway bridge 1 mile south of Montevideo, Chippewa County, 500 feet below mouth of Chippewa River.

DRANIAGE AREA. 6,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILAGEL. July 23, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of bridge, near left bank; read by 

B. 0. Brown. Datum of gage lowered 2 feet September 16, 1909, and 1 foot more 

July 29, 1910, to avoid negative readings. All gage heights referred to latest 

datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rock; practically permanent. There is a slight 

rapid just below gage, but the control section is not well defined. Banks medium 

height, and will be overflowed at a stage of about 14 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.41 feet at 8 

a.m. April 3 (discharge, 7,570 second-feet); minimum discharge, 109 second-feet, 

measured by current meter January 15.

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 14.41 feet at 8 a.m. April 3, 1916 (discharge, 7,570 second-feet); minimum recorded discharge, 6.8 second-feet, measured by current meter February 9, 1912.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. No regulation on Minnesota River above station. Regulation of Chippewa River at the plant of the Chippewa Milling Co., in Montevideo, produces a 

slight fluctuation in the stage of Minnesota River at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well denned. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage heights to rating table except for periods when stage-discharge relation 

was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table 

mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records good.
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., during the, year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

23

29«

Made by 

S.B.SouIe.. ...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.12

6.13

3.56

3.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

963

946

109

124

Date.

Apr. 1

14

Aug. 17

Made by 

S.B.Soule"... ..........

.....do..................

S.B.SouIe.............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.02

14.33

13.49

6.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

608

7,380

5,200

1,270

a. Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

648

621

731

817

846

906

936

936

936

967

Qfl7

AC 7

QQC

936

906

QQft

967

QQft

1,030

1 030

* QQQ

998

967

Qfi7

Qfl7

906

QftC

906

Qftfi

876

Nov.

876

846

817

788

788

759

731

817

788

731

788

7 en

675

568

KQ4

621

ftOI

594

568

568

542

516

542

516

KQ4

594

K^O

*U9

K^O

Dec.

542

542

516

516

490

466

418

418

OAC

OAA

374

374

418

442

374

 3KA

one

296

one

260

260

260

260

226

Jan.

226

134

260

242

162

178

210

OftO

ICO

142

199

110

110

110

122

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

199

110

Feb.

116

122

128

134

134

128

128

134

134

134

148

155

162

148

1 %f\

162

162

17ft

186

178

178

17ft

178

17ft

163

Mar.

148

141

134

122

142

162

155

148

148

148

ICO

148

134

234

438

K*0

07 K

868

1 060

1,530

1,650

1,870

1 Qflft

2 39ft

2,910

4,400

4,630

6,310

6,890

Apr.

7,210

7,540

7,540

7,540

7,540

7,210

6,890

6,590

6,310

6,050

5,810

5,590

5,210

A Qftft

4 900

4' 760

4,630

4,630

4,760

5,050

5,210

5,210

5,210

5,050

4,900

4 760

4*630

May.

4,510

4,400

4,200

4,110

3,950

3,880

3,690

3,570

3,240

3 1 Oft

2 Alft

2

01ft

2,760

2 Q1ft

S

ftOA,

3,240

3

0 Cft

3,400

3,460

3,570

3,690

3 81ft

4,030

4,110

4,300

4,300

4 400

4^300

June.

4,200

4,110

4,030

3,950

3,880

3,690

3,570

3,460

3,300

3,240

3,080

3,020

2 Qlft

2,810

2 7fift

2,710

2,710

2,610

2,510

2,460

2 OCA

2 QOft

2

0Oft

2,410

3

QKA

July.

4,510

4,630

4,760

4,760

4,630

4,630

4,630

4,510

4 400

4 200

3,880

3 Gift

3

7KA

S

CAft

3,570

3,400

3 10 A

3,020

2 Gift

2

01 A

2

KCA

2,410

2

0 Oft

2 90 ft

2,140

2,050

1 OCA

1,870

Aug.

1,740

1,570

1,490

1,530

1,530

1,530

1,450

1,380

1,270

1 300

1 300

1 ' O AA

1,270

1,270

1,230

1.230

i;200

1,130

1,100

1,100

1,160

1 4Qft

1,650

1,780

1 ft7rt

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,870

1 ft9P

1,780

Sept.

1,780

1,690

1,690

1,650

1,610

1,570

1 4on

1,450

1,410

1 4CA

1 450

1

OOA

1,410

1

OQA

1,340

1,340

1

QAA

i °.nn

I oftn

1,300

1,270

1,200

1,160

1,160

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,100

NOTE. Discharge, Nov. 16-18 and Nov. 29 to Mar. 26, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASIN. 69

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 6,300 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,030

876 

542 

260 

194 

6,890 

7,540 

4,510 

4,200 

4,760 

1,870 

1,780

7,540

Minimum.

621 

516 

226 

110 

116 

122 

4,630 

2,760 

2,320 

1.870 

1,100 

1,100

110

Mean.

904 

667 

370 

154 

153 

1,490 

5,760 

3,700 

3,050 

3,460 

1,480 

1,390

1,880

Per

square 

mile.

0.143 

.106 

.059 

.024 

.024 

.236 

.914 

.587 

.484 

.548 

.235 

.221

.298

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.16 

.12 

.07 

.03 

.03 

.27 

1.02 

.68 

.54 

.63 

.27 

.25

4.07

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MANKATO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 14, T. 108 N., R. 27 W., in Blue Earth County, at Sibley Park, 

2 miles above the center of Mankato, and 1,000 feet below the mouth of Blue 

Earth River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 20, 1903, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage on right bank of river, about 1,000 feet below mouth of Blue 

Earth River; read by Clarence Staley, observer for United States Weather Bureau. 

The gage support is a substantial cantilever structure, supported by two heavy 

posts resting in concrete footings, constructed and maintained by the United 

States Engineer Corps.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge in center of Mankato; 

at low stages made by wading a short distance below gage; at extremely high 

stages by boat near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and light gravel; fairly permanent 

except during high stage; banks moderately high and not subject to overflow 

except at stages above gage height 15 feet. Control not well-defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.0 feet March 28 

and 29 (discharge, 30,200 second-feet); minimum discharge, 165 second-feet, 

March 2 to 4.

1903-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 21.2 feet, June 26, 1908 (discharge, 

43,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.5 foot August 31, September 1 

and 2, 1911 (discharge, 89 second-feet). The highest known stage occurred in 

1881, and is shown in Mankato by a well-marked line, approximately 27 feet 

above the zero of the present gage (discharge, estimated, 65,000 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The nearest dam on the Minnesota River is at Minnesota Falls, 140 

miles upstream. A dam on the Blue Earth at Rapidan, a few miles above the 

mouth, controls flow of that river, which is approximately 20 per cent of that 

at the Mankato station and produces considerable daily fluctuation at the gage, 

amounting at times to more than 1 foot.
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changing slowly a great part of the time; also 

affected by ice in winter. A marked change probably occurred during the high 

water in April. Rating curves fairly well defined. Gage read once daily to 

tenths. This reading does not represent accurately the mean daily stage on 

account of fluctuations caused by artificial regulation (see paragraph on "Regulation")- Daily discharge ascertained by applying the daily gage heights to rating 

table except for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was ascertained by applying to rating table daily gage heights corrected 

for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Records for open-water periods fair; for winter period poor.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by United States Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., during the yeai

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date

Oct. 21

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height

Feet.

2.41

2

QA

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3

9QA

384

340

Date

Mar. 28

Apr. 11

A no 11

Made by 

S.B.Soule1 . .............

S.B.Soul<5.... .........

Gage 

heigHt.

Feet. 

17.13

11.41

3.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

30,600

15,800

2,400

a Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2,380

2,480

2,880

3,080

2,980

2,680

2,480

2,780

2,880

2,780

2,680

2,680

2,580

2,480

2,780

2,880

2 7QA

2,580

2,780

2 980

2,880

2,880

2,780

2,880

2,780

2,380

1,920

Nov.

2,010

1,920

1,750

1,750

1,670

1,670

1,590

1,590

1,510

1,750

2,980

A O7A

4 950

4,810

4,530

4,010

3,880

3

QQA

3,410

3

0AA

2 980

2

7QA

2,780

2,880

2

7QA

2,880

2,680

1,920

Dec.

1,750

1,670

1,590

1,590

1 7<*n

1,750

1,670

1 <^on

1,510

1,430

1 290

1,220

1,010

QCA

750

QQA

1 290

1 ^fift

1 360

1,430

1,150

945

880

7CA

750

Jan.

815

815

750

690

690

630

630

570

630

570

520

570

QQA

380

380

QQA

QQA

QOA

420

420

420

470

420

420

380

380

420

Feb.

420

420

380

340

340

380

380

380

one

one

270

305

QAe

QAC

QAe

340

QQA

420

420

380

QOA

340

305

OQC.

Mar.

200

165

165

165

200

235

270

one

380

380

815

1 <^Qfi

7,340

9 OCA

10,900

19 nnn

10 QAft

16,200

1 ^ nor*

16,400

22 700

24 400

OQ OflA

30,200

QA onn

OQ onn

26,900

Apr.

25,200

24,400

23,400

22,600

21,800

20,600

19 600

17 600

16,900

16,200

15,000

14,500

19 7nn

13,400

15,000

15,200

n QO.n

99 onn

OQ 7ATI

22,100

20,400

19, 400

16,200

14,300

May.

14,500

14,300

13.200

12,900

12,700

11,400

10,500

9 470

9', 070

7 7WI

7,750

7 ^QO.

6,710

7 Q.QO.

8,490

9,670

n

oAn

9 A.7H

1A QAn

13 400

13,400

13,800

19 7ftn

11,800

June.

11,200

12,000

10,900

10,500

9,880

9,270

8,300

7,570

7,570

6,880

6,230

5,770

6,230

6,390

5 77H

5

00A

5,050

5,050

4,780

5,620

5,620

5,470

6,070

July.

6,070

6,710

7,050

7,930

8,300

9,270

8,870

8,110

8,300

9 070

8,4PO

9,270

8,870

9,270

21,600

14,500

11,400

10,700

9,880

9,270

8,110

7 QQfi

7 Q.Q.O.

6,230

5,770

4,910

4,520

Aug.

3,790

3,680

3,570

3,460

3,460

3,140

3,140

2,650

2,940

2,840

2,740

2,560

2,110

1,870

1,950

1,870

1 7QO.

1,870

2,030

1,870

1,870

2

AOA

2,200

2,380

2,380

2,380

Sept.

2,290

2,290

2,470

2,380

2,290

2,200

2,470

2,380

2,380

2 200

1,950

1,950

2,030

2,110

2,030

1,950

1,870

1 7QH

1 790

l'f 720

1,650

1,650

1,580

1,580

1,510

1,510

1,580

1,510

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 18 to Mar. 13 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, gage 

heights, and weather records.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 71

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., for the year ending Sept30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Tlie vear

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,080 

4,950 

1,750 

815 

420 

30, 200 

25, 200 

14,500 

12,000 

21,600 

3,790 

2,470

30,200

Minimum.

1,920 

1,510 

750 

380 

235 

165 

12,700 

6,710 

4,650 

4,520 

1,790 

1,510

165

Mean.

2,690 

2,780 

1,310 

509 

346 

10,800 

18,400 

10,900 

7,000 

8,760 

2,500 

1,940

5,670

Per 

square 

mile.

0.184 

.190 

.090 

.035 

.024 

.740 

1.26 

.746 

.479 

.600 

.171 

.133

.388

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.21 

.21 

.10 

.04 

.03 

.85 

1.41 

.86 

.53 

.69 

.20 

.15

5.28

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR WATSON, MINN.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 10 and 15, T. 118 N., R. 41 W., at highway 

bridge 2^ miles northeast of Watson, Chippewa County; about 2 miles below 

mouth of Dry Weather Creek and 10 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,940 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 27, 1910, to September 30, 1916. From July 6 to September 17, 1909, four discharge measurements were made at the station.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge, near left bank of river; 

read by Clifford Bonde.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At medium and high stages made from downstream 

side of bridge to which gage is attached; at low stages made by wading a short 

distance above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists partly of sand and light gravel and partly 

clay; shifts somewhat. Right bank slopes gradually, and the width of the 

stream increases rapidly as stage increases from 10 to 12 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.1 feet March 

29 (discharge, 4,750 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 6.68 feet October 

1, 1915 (discharge, 339 second-feet).

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 15.1 feet March 29, 1916 (discharge, 

4,750 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 3.90 feet August 7, 8, 

and 9, 1910 (discharge, 5 second-feet;-this discharge is less than that given in 

Water-Supply Paper 285, because of revision of the rating table since that report 

was issued). A discharge of 1.7 second-feet was measured by current meter 

February 9, 1912.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations disco'ntinued 

during winter.

REGULATION. There was formerly possibly some slight regulation due to the operation of a flour mill under an 8-foot head at Hagan, but this dam is out at present, 

so that the flow is natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during high water in the spring 

, of 1916; seriously affected by ice November 15, 1915, to March 26, 1916, when 

gage readings were discontinued. Rating curve used October 1 to November 

14 well defined below 564 second-feet; that used March 27 to September 30 

well defined between 358 and 4,250 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths once 

daily in the afternoon. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage 

heights to rating table. Records fair.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

22

Apr. 1

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1 90

7.89

14.60

Discharge.

Sec -ft. 

545

542

3,980

Date.

Apr 14

Aug. 17

Made by 

S. B. Soul<§.............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.85

7.47

Discharge.

Sec -ft. 

2,270

434

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6............................

7...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

342

342

399

456

473

508

508

526

526

545

545

526

508

517

526

564

564 cje

545

526

526

526

JQA

490

473

439

456

Nov.

422

422

406

406

390

374

374

358

374

358

358

358

374

390

400

Mar.

2,840

3,810

4,750

3,950

3 Q1 A

Apr.

3,950

3,810

3,560

3,440

3,220

2,510

3,020

2,750

2,670

2,670

2,590

2,510

2,370

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,370

2,590

2,750

2,750

2,670

2,590

2,510

2,370

2 300

2,110

2,110

2,050

May.

1,990

1,880

1,830

1,830

1,690

1,610

1,530

1,450

1,410

1,380

1,200

1,160

1,240

1,300

1,380

1,530

1,530

1,690

1,930

1,830

1,930

2,050

1 990

1*990

1,930

1,880

1 880

June.

1,830

1,780

1,730

1,650

1,570

1,490

1,450

1,410

1,300

1,240

1,160

1,930

1,080

1,040

1,020

986

903

876

822

822

822

876

930

3,220

3,220

July.

3,120

3,020

2,840

2,750

2,670

2,590

2,370

2,230

1,990

1,930

1,930

1,610

1,610

1,570

1,490

1,450

1,410

1,270

1,200

1,100

 1,020

958

876

822

796

744

646

623

623

578

556

Aug.

556

515

535

515

477

496

459

496

496

477

496

477

496

496

459

459

441

441

424

424

822

903

1,100

1,160

1,100

1,100

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,040

1,040

Sept.

1,020

986

986

930

903

903

876

849

822

796

744

744

744

744

744

744

744

719

719

719

515

496

477

459

424

407

407

424

600

600

NOTE. Discharge, Oct. 3 and 16, interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 1 940 square miles.]

Month.

November.. . ..................................

April. . ........................................

May... ........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

564 

422 

3,950 

2,050 

3,220 

3,120 

1,160 

1,020

Minimum.

342 

358 

2,050 

1,160 

822 

556 

424 

407

Mean.

502 

392 

2,660 

1,690 

1,360 

1,560 

682 

708

Per

square 

mile.

0.259 

.202 

1.37 

.871 

.701 

.804 

.352 

.365

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.30 

.23 

1.53 

1.00 

.78 

.93 

.41 

.41
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. 73

ST. CROIX RIVER AT SWISS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 42 N., R. 15 W., at highway bridge, near Swiss post office, 

Burnett County, about 2 miles above the point where St. Croix River becomes 

the boundary line between Wisconsin and Minnesota, 10 miles northeast of Danbury, on Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway. Namakagon River 

enters from the left 3£ miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,550 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 20, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Cast-iron staff gage bolted to concrete pier at left end of bridge; read by 

Capt. Richard Goldschmidt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel, smooth; grass grows to some extent during summer, causing a small amount of backwater at gage. Right bank high and not 

subject to overflow; left bank of medium height and may possibly be overflowed 

during extremely high stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year and period 1914- 

1916, 6.73 feet at 6.45a. m. April 22 (discharge, 8,480 second-feet); minimum discharge, 720 second-feet, January 19-22, 1916.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

aquatic grass and ice. Two rating curves used during the year as follows: October 

1 to April 8, well defined between 950and 3,970second-feet; April 9 to September 

30, fairly well denned between 1,000 and 7,500 second-feet. Gage read twice 

daily, to quarter tenths. Daily discharge, except as noted below, ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage heights to rating curve. Stage-discharge relation 

affected by grass about October 1-15, and August 1 to September 30. Corrections made to gage heights before rating table was entered. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 11 to April 8; discharge obtained by applying to 

rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good 

except for periods when grass was in channel, for which they are fair. Records 

for winter fair.

Discharge measurements of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

80, 1916.

Date

Dec. 31o

Feb. la

Mar. 6a

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height

Feet 

2.40

2.64

2.64

Discharge

Sec -ft 

955

887

836

Date

Apr. 23

Aug. 286

Made by 

S.B.Soute... .........

E L Williams..

.....do.................

Gage 

height

Feet 

6.16

2.33

1.35

Discharge

Sec -ft 

7,380

2,210

1,120

a Complete ice cover at measuring and control sections. 

6 Control obstructed by growth of aquatic plants.
74 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5. .............

6..............

7..............

9..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24.......:......

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1.160

1,160

1.200

1,410

1,530

1,570

1,610

1,780

1,870

1,780

1,690

1,650

1,610

1,530

1,490

1,450

1,410

1,450

1,490

1,530

1,490

1,410

1,380

1,410

1,340

1,340

1.270

1,240

1,200

1,200

1,200

Nov.

1,200

1,160

1,160

1,130

1,100

1,070

1,070

1,340

1,730

2,120

2,650

3,840

3,230

2,760

2,540

2,320

2,120

1,920

1,820

1,730

1,690

1,530

1,570

1,610

1,530

1,490

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,380

Dec.

1,300

1,270

1,040

1,130

1,270

1,380

1,300

1,380

1,380

1,300

1,160

1,130

1,100

1,100

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,010

1,010

1,010

980

980

955

955

Jan.

930

890

890

865

840

840

815

790

790

790

790

790

790

765

765

765

740

740

720

720

720

720

740

740

765

765

790

790

840

890

920

Feb.

920

920

890

890

887

887

887

887

865

865

865

865

890

890

890

920

950

950

980

1,010

1,010

980

980

950

920

890

890

865

855

Mar.

850

850

840

840

840

835

840

865

890

950

980

1,010

1,040

1,070

1,100

1,130

1,130

1,160

1,200

1,200

1,240

1,270

1,270

1,300

1,340

1,410

1,490

1,610

1,690

1,730

1,820

Apr.

1,920

2,020

2,120

2,220

2,320

2,430

2,540

2,590

2,660

2,880

3,330

4,230

4,800

4,950

5,100

5,720

6,050

6,050

5,560

6,910

8,220

8,220

7,450

7,090

6,730

6,220

5,400

4,650

4,230

3,820

May.

3,570

3,330

3,100

2,880

2,770

2,550

2,350

2,350

2,150

2,150

2,050

1,950

1,860'

1,950

2,250

2,660

2,550

2,450

2,350

2,250

2,150

2,350

2,660

2,660

2,550

2,660

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,880

2,880

June.

2,770

2,550

2,350

2,150

2,050

1,860

1,770

1,770

1,950

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,860

2,050

2,150

2,050

2,050

1,950

1,950

1,860

1,640

1,590

1,770

1,770

1,680

1,950

1,950

1,860

2,990

3,450

July.

3,450

3,330

3,210

3,100

2,770

2,550

2,250

1,950

1,680

1,590

1,550

1,470

1,430

1,680

1,950

1,680

1,590

1,510

1,430

1,350

1,310

1,270

1,240

1,200

1,200

1,430

1,470

1,510

1,430

1,350

1,270

Aug.

1,200

1,160

1,430

1,390

1,310

1,270

1,390

1,390

1,350

1,390

1,470

1,470

1,390

1,350

1,270

1,240

1,200

1,240

1,240

1,270

1,310

1,350

1,350

1,310

1,240

1,200

1,160

1,130

1,100

1,100

1,070

Sept.

1,100

1,100

1,070

1,100

1,160

1,240

1,470

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,550

1,510

1,470

1,510

1,470

1,430

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,310

1,350

1,390

1,350

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by grass Oct. 1-15, Aug. 1 to Sept. 30; by ice Dec. 1 to Apr. 8.

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,550 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,870 

3,840 

1,380 

920 

1,010 

1,820 

8,220 

3,570 

3,450 

3,450 

1,470 

1,550

8,220

Minimum.

1,160 

1,070 

955 

720 

855 

835 

1,920 

1,860 

1,590 

1,200 

1,070 

1,070

720

Mean.

1,450 

1,770 

1,120 

797 

912 

1,150 

4,610 

2,540 

2,050 

1,810 

1,280 

1,360

1,730

Per 

square 

mile.

0.935 

1.14 

.723 

.514 

.588 

.742 

2.97 

1.64 

1.32 

1.17 

;826 

.877

1.12

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.08 

1.27 

.83 

.59 

.63 

.86 

3.31 

1.89 

1.47 

1.35 

.95 

.98

15.21
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN.

ST. CROIX RIVER NEAR ST. CROIX FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 18, T. o4 N., R. 18 W., Polk County, at power plant of Minneapolis 

General Electric Co., on Wisconsin side of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, 

Wis., about 50 miles above the confluence of St. Croix and Mississippi rivers near 

Hastings, Minn. Apple River, draining an area wholly in Wisconsin, enters from 

the left about 20 miles below station; Snake River, draining an area in Minnesota, 

enters from the right, 35 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,930 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 10,1902, to June 30,1905; January 1,1910, to September 30, 1916. Data for 1903 published in Water-Supply Paper 98, pp. 176-177, 

under St. Croix River near Taylors Falls, Minn.

DISCHARGE. Determination of discharge based on kiliwatt output of dynamo and 

exciters plus flow over dam and spillway, considered as a weir.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge recorded during year, 

35,100 second-feet, April 23: minimum mean daily discharge recorded, 740 secondfeet, November 7.

1902-1905 and 1910-1916: Maximum mean daily discharge recorded, 35,100 

second-feet, April 23, L916; minimum mean daily discharge recorded, 75 secondfeet, July 17,1910; the minimum discharge is not natural but caused by regulation.

REGULATION. Low-water flow controlled by operation of gates of power plant and by 

storage and release of water at Never's dam several miles upstream.

ACCURACY. Records have not been checked, nor have discharge measurements been 

made by engineers of the United States Geological Survey; probably reliable.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19. .........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24.......... 

25

26..........

27. .........

28. .........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

2,100

2,230

1,940

2,280

2,560

2,620

3,180

4,100

4,160

4,010

4.180

3,990

3,390

3,110

2,730

3,380

3,430

3,980

3 980

3,160

2,070 

2,940

2,600

3,240

3,310

3,370

1,450

Nov.

2,880

3 91ft

3,350

3,160

3,200

740

3,090

4 9Qft

10,300

9,630

10,900

9,890

9,180

8,350

7 970

7,540

5,150

5,740

5

00A

3,540

5,060

3

aAf\

3,900

3,630

Dec.

3,300

3, 320

3,060

3 030

1,060

2,960

3, 100

4,230

4,490

3,120

1,210

2.940

3,710

2,070

2,140

2,180

2,490

1,180

2 280

1 880

1,950

2,520

2,720 

1,480

921

2,540

3,050

2,150

2,900

Jan.

1,730

2,380

2,300

1,780

2,090

2,000

2

AKf)

1.490

1,120

2,010

1,780

1,810

1,860

2,090

1,410

1,720

1,640

1,850

1,700

1,680

2,500

1,290

1,620 

1,790

1,850

1 860

1,770

1,520

1,510

Feb.

1,780

1,870

2,210

1 860

2,340

1,610

1,740

1,910

1,910

2,000

1,940

2,510

1,330

1,610

1,940

2,100

1,890

1,980

2,550

1,520

2,010

2,020

2,210

2,140 

2,120

2,550

1,420

2,330

2,000

Mar.

2,070

2,040

3 nsft

1,410

1,330

1,790

1,820

1,840

1 ft4/l

2,770

1,190

1,560

1,820

1,920

1,940

1,920

2

0Ort

1,150

1,650

1,960

2,070

2,140

2,300 

3,090

763

2,240

2

CQrt

3,040

4,290

5,030

Apr.

8,740

11,700

14,800

16,400

19 000

17 onn

18 4flrt

17 600

16,300

15,800

14,000

19 7flrt

13,700

15,300

18,200

20,100

9Q ftflA

29,500

Ort fWXA

31,600

35 000

oe tAA

34,500

01 CAA

30,400

27,800

26,500

25,100

23,200

May.

20,700

20,200

20,000 IQ fiftft

IR fiftft

17 p\nn

17,100

17,000

12,400

12,400

6,100

q oArt

4,920

8 4.fift

9

QOA

9 fiKfl

9 990

1MOO

19 Qrtft

12 600

i f\ snn

17,800

1 Q OAft

20,000

1ft x.(Y\

 tc OAft

12 700

12,700

June.

8,740

8,100

6,180

5,630

4,100

7,420

5,340

6,230

6 400

3,820

5,710

5,600

C

ODA

6,550

6,370

6,430

5,080

5,200

5,570

5,650 

7,630

6 430

6,220

6 260

10,200

17 200

July.

21,500

1Q OAA

19,700 ifi sftft

15,700

19 7nn

8 980

6,450

8

QAf)

7 01 rt

4,680

4,110

3,880

4,070

5,350

4,190

3 Q7ft

4,010

3

QJA

3 840

1 740

3,400 

3,050

2 QAft

3,210

3 91ft

3,060

2,340

3,110

Aug.

3,220

3,180

3,170

9 9flrt

2,290*

2,670

3

QOrt

3,550

3,350

3,220

2,970

2,260

2,980

2,980

2.240

2

CAft

2,570

9 Sflrt

2

ACA

9 *7ft

2,890 3 onn

3 fWfi

2 630

2 osft

2,800

2 450

2,460

Sept.

2,450

2,500

2,340

2,500

3,300

3,090

2 vm

3,050

3,740

3,220

3,820

3,230

3,630

2,630

3,530

3,730

3 640

3,300

3 1 sn

S

O^A

2,500

3

0AA

S Ofifl

3,060

3,100

3,010

2,590

NOTE. Discharge computed by the Minneapolis General Electric C<_. See "Discharge" in station 

description.
76

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 5,930 square miles.]

Month.

April ................................ .........

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,180 

11,200 

4,490 

2,500 

2, 550 

5,030 

35,100 

20,700 

17,200 

21,500 

3,550 

3,820

35,100

Minimum.

1,450 

740 

921 

1,030 

1,330 

763 

8,740 

3,300 

3,820 

1,740 

2,200 

2,330

740

Mean.

3,080 

5,480 

2,560 

1,800 

1,980 

2,160 

22,200 

13,800 

6,770 

6,970 

2,830 

3,040

6,040

Per 

square 

mile.

0.519 

.924 

.432 

.304 

.334 

.364 

3.74 

2.33 

1.14 

1.18 

.477 

.513

1.02

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.60 

1.03 

.50 

.35 

.36 

.42 

4.17 

2.69 

1.27 

1.36 

.55 

.57

13.87

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the U. S. Geol. Survey from records of 

daily discharge furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

NAMAKAGON RIVER AT TREGO, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 40 N., R. 12 W., Washburn County, at Chicago & Northwestern Railway bridge at Trego, about 20 miles above confluence of Namakagon 

and Totogatic rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 420 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 11, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Enameled staff fastened to retaining wall, left bank of river, just above railroad bridge; read by G. E. Krenz.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from lower chords of railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; free from vegetation; banks medium high 

and not subject to overflow. Small island downstream with rapids on either 

side forms the control; channel fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.0 feet April 23 

(discharge 1,330 second-feet); estimated minimum discharge, 308 second-feet 

during February and March.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 3.0 feet April 23, 1916 (discharge, 1,330 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 264 second-feet, recorded by current-meter 

measurement made March 11, 1915.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except for ice. Rating curve well 

defined between 330 and 1,330 second-feet. Gage read once daily to half tenths. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table, except 

for period in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

obtained by applying to rating table daily gage heights corrected for ice effect 

by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Records good for open-water periods; for winter periods fair.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 77

Discharge measurements of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by E. L. Williams.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.60

2.64

2.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

350

369

310

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,180

668

a Complete ice covef at measuring and control section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

13..............

15..............

16..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27

28..............

on

30..............

31..............

Oct.

417

444

472

564

532

564

597

597

532

502

502

472

472

532

472

444

444

472

472

532

417

472

472

444

502

444

444

417

417

Nov.

564

444

417

417

393

417

417

564

597

664

733

768

733

733

698

664

597

597

444

472

444

444

564

*w?9

472

564

532

Kno

Dec.

472

472

532

532

502

502

502

472

472

532

472

532

502

502

417

417

412

408

403

398

393

387

381

375

369

367

364

359

OKA

350

345

Jan.

340

335

332

331

329

328

326

325

323

322

323

324

326

328

330

332

334

336

338

343

347

OKO

356

362

369

373

V17

ooc

393

Feb.

417

393

369

381

393

372

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

384

417

417

417

428

440

416

393

380

369

369

369

338

ins

338

OftQ

Mar.

369

369

338

308

308

308

308

308

308

308

308

308

320

320

332

332

332

350

369

369

369

417

472

532

502

472

534

597

534

472

502

Apr.

532

597

873

838

944

803

803

768

838

803

873

1,020

1,170

1,170

1,250

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,170

1,020

1,020

1,020

May.

1,020

1,020

944

944

873

873

838

838

803

768

733

733

664

664

698

803

733

768

733

664

698

698

733

664

698

698

7<W

698

7OO

768

733

June.

698

664

664

597

597

698

564

664

664

698

597

597

664

597

664

664

597

597

597

532

502

472

597

664

597

597

664

768

July.

1,020

873

908

873

733

597

597

597

532

532

532

532

472

472

532

532

502

472

472

472

417

417

417

369

369

597

532

cno

472

369

Aug.

417

417

444

417

444

444

417

444

417

472

472

502

444

444

417

444

417

417

444

472

472

472

472

472

444

417

417

417

417

417

417

Sept.

417

417

417

369

472

502

532

597

597

502

532

532

564

564

532

502

502

472

472

472

502

532

532

502

472

502

472

597

597

597

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16 to Mar. 24. 

29, and 31, interpolated.

discharge, Mar. 25, 27,
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

597 

768 

532 

393 

440 

597 

1,330 

1,020 

768 

1,020 

502 

597

1,330

Minimum.

417 

393 

345 

322 

308 

308 

532 

664 

472 

369 

417 

36?

308

Mean.

482 

545 

435 

345 

377 

386 

1,030 

773 

630 

558 

440 

509

542

Per 

square 

mile.

1.15 

1.30 

1.04 

.821 

.898 

.920 

2.45 

1.84 

1.50 

1.33 

1.05 

1.21

1.29

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.33 

1.45 

1.20 

.95 

.97 

1.06 

2.73 

2.12 

1.67 

1.53 

1.21 

1.35

17.56

KETTLE RIVER NEAR SANDSTONE, MINN.

LOCATION. Near south line of sec. 34, T. 43 N., R. 20 W., at quarries of Barber Asphalt Co. at Banning, 3 miles above Sandstone, Pine County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 825 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 18, 1908, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff, in two sections, bolted to rock wall on right bank of river, 

about 300 feet above the steam power house of the Barber Asphalt Co.; read by 

F. L. Betts.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge, about a mile above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock; a decided rapids 50 feet downstream from gage 

form a permanent control.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.7 feet April 24 

(discharge, 10,600 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 1.3 feet, 

October 1-4, 1915 (discharge, 112 second-feet).

1908-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7.7 feet, April 24, 1916 (discharge, 10,600 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.7 foot, November 30, 1912 (discharge, 

about 12 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; not, however, for so long a 

period as at most gaging stations in the same latitude, owing to the fact that a 

decided rapids about 50 feet below the gage constitutes the control. The published discharge for winter periods in which the open-channel rating curve is not 

applicable has been based on gage readings and a comparison of the records with 

those for Snake River.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined from 52 to 5,940 second-feet, above 5,940 second-feet it is an 

extension. Gage read daily to quarter tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage heights to rating table except for period during which stage- 

. discharge relation was affected by ice. Records obtained by use of rating table 

good; other records fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by S. B. Soule: 

April 26, 1916: Gage height, 6.55 feet; discharge, 5,960 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI KIVEB BASIN. 79

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

2..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

IQ

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20.............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

112

112

112

117

330

375

375

375

375

375

375

375

375

375

330

330

288

288

269

250

Nov.

233

216

186

160

160

136

136

160

330

954

1,580

2.200

2,090

2,090

1,990

1,990

1,890

1,890

1,890

1,890

1,890

1,800

1.700

1,700

1,700

1,610

1,520

1,430

1,390

1,340

Dec.

1,300

1,260

1,170

1,130

1,040

953

865

800

 648

565

515

465

442

420

390

360

330

316

302

288

250

250

233

216

216

216

201

186

173

Jan.

/ 80

Feb.

85

Mar.

110

Apr.

330

442

515

592

675

800

1,010

1,260

1,520

1,700

2,200

3,670

4,000

4,370

4,570

4,570

4,570

4.570

4; 570

5,040

9,250

9,700

10, 200

10,600

8,800

5,610

3,370

2,440

2,200

May.

2,200

2,090

1,990

1,890

1,800

1,700

1,610

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,610

1,610

1,520

1,610

1,700

2,200

3,230

2,690

3,090

5,040

4,370

4,000

3,600

S oon

2,690

2,090

1,890

June.

1,700

1,610

1,520

1,430

1,340

1,170

1,050

935

865

768

705

675

735

1,340

1,610

1,520

1,210

1,170

1,130

1,090

1,050

1,010

935

865

865

1,010

1, 520

3,520

July.

4,370

3,870

3,380

2,880

2,390

1,890

1,430

1,090

865

800

735

705

648

565

540

515

465

442

420

330

288

269

250

216

216

201

186

173

160

Aug.

136

124

112

112

124

136

136

160

148

136

124

112

101

90

90

90

90

136

124

112

112

288

288

269

250

233

216

186

.160

160

160

Sept.

160

148

136

136

148

148

160

160

148

186

' 288

288

330

375

375

420

398

375

375

330

288

269

250

250

250

233

216

201

216

216

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31. estimated because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, weather 

records, and comparison with records of Snake River near Pine City. No gage-height records available 

Oct. 5-15, Nov. 10, 11, 29, 30, Dec. 1, 5, 6, 9, 16, 17, 19, 20, 24, May 21, 26, Ju3y 2-5 and 21; discharge interpolated for these dates except Oct. 5-15, for which discharge was determined from a study of precipitation 

records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.

Monthly discharge of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 825 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

March . .^ .....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

375 

2,200 

1,300

10,600 

5,040 

3,520 

4,370 

288 

420

10,600

Minimum.

112 

136 

173

330 

1,520 

675 

160 

90 

136

80

Mean306 

1,280 

531 

80 

85 

110 

3,920 

2,410 

1,260 

1,000 

152 

249

945

Per

square 

mile.

0.371 

1.55 

.644 

.097 

.103 

.133 

4.75 

2.92 

1.53 

1.21 

.184 

.302

1.15

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.43 

1.73 

.74 

.11 

.11 

.15 

5.30 

3.37 

1.71 

1.40 

.21 

.34

15.60
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V. 

SNAKE RIVER NEAR FINE CITY, MINK.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 39 N., R. 21 W., at Changwatana power station of Eastern 

Minnesota Power Co., 600 feet below dam belonging to that company, 3,500 feet 

below Cross Lake, 2 miles below Pine City, Pine County, and about 11 miles 

above the mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 915 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 26, 1913, to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Staff gage attached to stone retaining wall in front of the power plant on the 

left bank of river; read by E. W. Barnum and other employees of the Eastern 

Minnesota Power Co. This gage is used for determining flow over dam during 

periods when all of the flow does not-pass through the turbines.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low and medium stages made by wading; at high 

stages from bridge about 1,800 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and heavy gravel. Banks in the 

vicinity of the gage high; not subject to overflow. Zero flow at stage of 0.2 foot.

DETERMINATION OP PLOW. Flow determined by adding to the flow through the 

turbines the flow over the crest to the dam as obtained from readings of the staff 

gage in the river below the dam. The flow through the turbines is computed 

from hourly records of the gate openings and head.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.40 feet at 8 a. m. 

April 25 (discharge, 7,070 second-feet); at the same time 245 second-feet passed 

through the power plant, making the total discharge of the river 7,315 second-feet; 

minimum mean daily discharge recorded, 55 second-feet January 23.

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 5.40 feet at 8 a. m. April 25, 1916 (discharge, 7,070 second-feet); at the same time 242 second-feet passed through the 

power plant, making the total discharge of the river 7,315 second-feet; minimum 

mean daily discharge, 33 second-feet February 11, 1914.

ICE. All the water goes through the wheels in winter; flow estimated from gate openings and head.

REGULATION. Power plant at station is operated with a varying load for light and 

power, causing daily and weekly fluctuations in discharge at low stages. No 

appreciable regulation above plant.

ACCURACY. When the flow is less than 200 second-feet, the greater part passes 

through the power plant and is estimated from turbine gate openings and head 

on the wheels, an hourly record of which is kept at the plant; records only fair. 

As the volume of flow increases a large portion passes by the plant as waste; this 

portion is determined from gage heights read from a gage in the river opposite the 

power plant. Stage-discharge relation for river gage permanent. Rating curve 

well denned throughout. Gage read every four hours to hundredths. Daily discharge not passing through power house ascertained by taking the mean of the 

results obtained by applying each of the 6 daily gage heights to the rating table. 

Records for this portion of the discharge excellent. Records of total flow at 

station range from fair for low stages to excellent for high stages.

COOPERATION. Hourly records of gate openings of turbines and head and readings of 

river gage are furnished by the Eastern Minnesota Power Co. Results for last part 

of current year computed by employees of the company by means of the rating 

curves prepared by the United States Geological Survey. Computations have 

been checked by the Survey.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASIN. 81

Discharge measurements, of Snake River near Pine City, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Apr. 4

25

Made by 

S. B . Soule ...............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.86

5.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,410

NOTE. Discharge shows the flow past the river gage; flow through power plant not included.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Snake River near Pine City, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1...... ........

3-..-.-.......-

5..............

6. ............ .

7..............

8.-.-....-.----

10..............

11..............

12..............

1 1.

15..............

16-...-.----....

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

107

105

63

131

148

143

211

238

272

268

429

464

475

412

435

417

380

421

429

441

423

417

370

356

418

377

309

306

292

277

257

Nov.

276

260

255

247

241

248

125

278

243

278

564

773

992

1,150

1,130

1,190

1,020

980

971

959

759

787

719

648

602

676

662

621

576

468

Dec.

442

413

390

359

323

322

314

249

264

270

256

142

232

240

239

228

159

135

93

116

124

113

127

120

91

72

119

124

126

127

126

Jan.

106

95

115

115

113

113

110

78

110

1D4

101

99

96

96

96

109

79

73

78

73

55

84

80

88

89

86

92

63

76

Feb.

79

89

89

90

96

69

100

96

Q1

QJ.

Oft

92

O7

84

93

89

98

100

97

72

100

110

110

110

110

110

95

108

Mar.

102

94

98

65

106

100

94

86

80

Q9

94

QC

94

QQ

69

99

112

111

111

115

199

72

115

141

Apr.

751

1,530

2,690

3,670

4,990

5,690

5,750

5,280

4,080

3,560

3,180

3,160

3,190

3,720

3, 900

4,040

4 ^9n

5,220

6,010

6,640

7,150

7,240

6,870

6,130

4,570

3,770

May.

3 94.fl

2,740

2,380

9 OAfl

1,560

1,370

1,340

1,100

1,020

Q1Q

OCQ

7CQ

962

1 9ftfl

1,530

1,910

2 140

2 250

3,940

4,700

6,410

6,440

5.030

3,340

June.

2,300

1,920

1,390

1 fw\fi

oqn

784

677

634

615

646

583

668

ftCQ

627

595

624

593

542

610

633

780

1,220

1,740

July.

2,560

3,200

3 oin

3

7qn

S ofin

2,710

9 9Qfl

1 fiQfi

1,490

1,320

1,080

906

77O

fififl

CIA

400

378

9Q9

ooo

166

210

266

309

369

300

323

Aug.

281

oco

211

140

IQfi

226

211

one

115

164

161

176

204

919

207

151

252

276

290

369

403

347

438

407

385

357

Sept.

O0«)

1 Sfi

OftC

248

253

243

244

OQQ

1Q7

261

qort

0,19

qort

340

J.1O

440

448

AK.A

404

382

295

349

348

327

332

303

281

6342° 18 WSP 43E
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Snake River near Pine City, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 915 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

475 

1,190 

442 

115 

110 

479 

7,240 

6j440 

2,810 

3,810 

438 

454

7,240

Minimum.

63 

125 

72 

55 

69 

61 

751 

759 

542 

166 

115 

137

61

Mean.

316 

623 

208 

92 

95 

117 

4,460 

2,670 

973 

1,240 

252 

311

944

Per 

square 

mile.

0.345 

.681 

.227 

.101 

.104 

.128 

4.87 

2.92 

1.06 

1.36 

.275 

.340

1.03

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.40 

.76 

.26 

.12 

.11 

.15 

5.43 

3.37 

1.18 

1.57 

.32 

.38

14.05

APPLE RIVER NEAR SOMERSET, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 31 N., R. 19 W., St. Croix County at power plant of St. 

Croix Power Co., 3J miles below Somerset, and 2 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 550 square miles. (Measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1901, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage; not used in determination of flow.

DISCHARGE. Discharge of the turbines in second-feet corresponding to the number of 

kilowatts is determined for each hour during the day from a record of the number 

of wheels in operation and the load; the sum of the discharge divided by 24 gives 

the average discharge through the turbines. To this quantity is added the leakage 

through the average number of wheels idle each day, the sum giving the daily flow 

through the power house. Water is seldom wasted over the spillway of the dam, 

but when it is so wasted the quantity is computed from weir formulas and added 

to the flow through the plant. There is a constant leakage through the gate and 

flashboards amounting to 3 second-feet. This quantity has not been taken into 

consideration in determining the published records.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge recorded during year, 

1,800 second-feet, April 23; minimum mean daily discharge, 58 second-feet, 

July 30.

1904-1916: Maximum mean daily discharge, 2,280 second-feet, in June 1905; 

minimum mean daily discharge, 38 second-feet, May 10, 1910. Due to regulation 

the minimum discharge has no bearing on the natural minimum flow. No max. 

imum and minimum records are available for 1901 to 1903.

REGULATION. There are a number of power plants on Apple River above station 

The pondage of these plants is small, and though the daily flow may be controlled 

to some extent the mean monthly flow probably corresponds closely to the natural 

flow.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 83

ACCURACY. From 1901 to 1909 the discharge through the plant was determined from 

tables computed from data collected as tests on one of the turbines made at the 

flume of the Holyoke Water Power Co., Holyoke, Mass: During the summer of 

1909 engineers of the St. Croix Power Co. made tests on the water flowing through 

all the wheels as actually installed by means of a sharp-crested weir 710 inches 

long about 60 feet below the power house. These tests gave results about 3 per cent 

larger than the Holyoke tests, and tables based on them have been used in determining the discharge through the plant from 1909 to 1916. During June 1914 a 

series of current-meter measurements were made by the Wisconsin Railroad Commission and United States Geological Survey, and a rating curve for the tailrace 

was developed. Twelve tests were then run with different wheels and loads. 

It was found that the discharge as determined by the current meter and the discharge as ascertained by the company agreed very closely, the percentage difference for the twelve tests ranging from 6.4 to +1.8 per cent, with an average of 

 2.0 per cent; the discharge as determined by the company being 2 per cent less 

than that determined by the current meter.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by the St. Paul Gas Light Co. of St. Paul, Minn., 

Mr. Fred A. Otto, superintendent.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Apple River near Somerset, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2. .............

3..............

4. .............

5. .............

6..............

7..............

8... ...........

9..............

10..............

11. ...... .......

12... ...........

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

2J

21..-.....--....

23

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

251

255

212

305

239

257

307

281

330

268

341

289

290

342

254

390

q7c

372

338

281

368

228

907

286

qoo

247

347

Nov.

283

264

278

287

291

141

270

257

271

301

387

366

411

379

380

363

362

345

332

314

one

331

306

343

OQQ

292

274

291

Dee.

297

280

279

317

239

318

270

304

273

314

249

238

271

240

233

236

252

273

106

265

231

262

288

143

208

233

230

222

Jan.

231

154

247

257

213

207

229

223

165

205

203

187

215

186

263

155

228

169

230

218

269

247

236

215

245

185

286

154

230-

Feb.

206

215

208

209

236

187

200

236

221

248

251

204

219

241

219

280

253

243

246

188

262

247

288

221

277

210

271

Mar.

253

219

242

231

207

276

244

242

236

254

242

211

302

275

280

280

278

291

267

291

313

288

324

382

413

496

614

848

953

1,060

Apr.

1.110

1,520

1,590

1,700

1,740

1, 550

1,320

1,240

1,220

825

775

733

777

762

772

816

803

815

996

1,320

1,670

1,680

1,610

1,570

1,260

1,120

1,130

May.

1,010

941

826

 799

738

767

644

639

660

674

655

601

496

465

587

628

640

626

639

669

642

670

660

OAK

712

764

700

645

610

659

June.

644

601

610

610

547

551

570

552

533

523

480

499

488

467

507

486

436

457

445

461

456

421

433

415

420

457

466

July.

525

583

596

713

677

645

673

544

507

484

472

404

474

432

414

457

395

418

358

319

OQ/t

qqn

336

qoo

o on

334

331

one

58

271

Aug.

175

172

314

239

294

2^5

198

250

266

345

116

970

Oftfl

249

qoc

qno

171

204

293

071

9Q7

 « on

121

qi 9

225

141

201

Sept.

200

257

194

193

OfV7

230

267

qi t;

217

O^P»

178

244

9cn

309

100

293

O1 Q

oQ7

266

OQ7

orr

182

9A1

298

O7Q

288

O85

344

NOTE. See note under "Discharge" in station description for account of method by which records are 

obtained.
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Apple River near Somerset, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

October ........... ...

November. ...................... . . .... ....

December... .....

January. ......................

February. .........

March. ........................

April. ...... .......

July...........................................

August. . ......................

September....................... ......... .

The year .................... . . .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

390 

411 

318 

286 

288 

1,060 

1,800 

1,010 

644 

713 

345 

344

1,800

Minimum.

212 

141 

106 

154 

187 

207 

733 

465 

415 

58 

116 

100

58

Mean.

300 

310 

252 

215 

232 

359 

1,210 

683 

498 

444 

241 

247

415

Per

square 

mile.

0.545 

.564 

.458 

.391 

.422 

.653 

2.20 

1.24 

.905 

.807 

.438 

.449

.754

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.63 

.63 

.53 

.45 

.46 

.75 

2.46 

1.43 

1.01 

.93 

.50 

.50

10.28

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge determined by engineers of the U. S. Geol. Survey from records of 

daily discharge furnished by the St. Paul Gas Light Co.

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT BISHOP'S BRIDGE, NEAR WINTER, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, T. 39 N., R. 6 W., at highway bridge about 3 miles down 

stream from the East Fork of Chippewa River (coming in from the left) and 4 

miles by road northwest of Winter, Sawyer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 775 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geol. 

and Nat. Hist. Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 23, 1912, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. From February 23, 1912, to January 27, 1914, a wooden staff gage fastened 

to a wooden pier on the right bank immediately above bridge. January 27, 

1914, to May 28, 1916, a vertical cast-iron staff gage fastened to the same pier 

with the zero 3.44 feet below the zero of the wooden gage. Since May 28, 1916, 

chain gage fastened to highway bridge 60 feet below the cast-iron staff gage, and 

at the same datum; read by John Edberg.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel, free from vegetation, and not 

subject to shift. Control, head of rapids about 1,000 feet below gage; practically 

permanent. One channel at all stages; banks not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.58 feet at 8 a. m. 

April 22 (discharge, 6,940 second-feet); estimated minimum discharge, 238 secondfeet, January 18.

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 9.56 feet, April 22, 1916, (discharge, 

6,940 second-feet); minimum discharge, 200 second-feet, recorded by discharge 

measurement February 23, 1912.

REGULATION. Flow modified to some extent by operation of storage reservoir, in 

sec. 14, T, 41 N., R. 6 W., about 16 miles above station. This reservoir has a 

capacity of 550,000,000 cubic-feet and is used in connection with reservoirs on 

the Upper Flambeau River, for the purpose of regulating the flow of the Chippewa 

River.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 85

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well denned between 270 and 6,820 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice a day. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage heights to rating table, except for period in which stage-discharge relation 

was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean 

daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements 

observer's notes, and weather records. Record good for open-water periods; 

for winter period fair.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by E. L. Williams.]

Wis.,

Date.

Mar, 2 a.......

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

304

304

Date.

Apr. 21.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.27

5.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,370

1,260

Date.

23.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.94

5.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

V71

632

a Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18 ......... ...

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.........*....

28..............

29.............. <?n

31..............

Oct.

660

660

660

600

1,220

1,330

1,380

1,560

1,500

1, 440

1,380

1,330

1,330

1,280

1 oon

1,170

1,170

1,220

1,280

1,280

1,220

1,120

1,020

930

840

760

fiQO

690

630

630

Nov.

575

575

550

5?5

475

475

475

525

602

630

840

975

975

1,020

1,020

975

930

840

800

725

760

fion

660

660

602

5

7r

660

Dec.

575

690

760

602

600

525

550

475

525

5nn

500

AQK.

490

485

480

478

47K

462

450

4qO

425

41 P»

395

oon

3

KO

QQA

304

Jan.

304

311

304

297

290

277

273

257

257

257

257

270

257

260

9<W

251

244

238

256

264

270

270

284

287

qru

344

^fi4

qon

AK.(\

Feb.

389

364

352

333

318

318

340

352

372

368

356

368

360

356

336

340

352

475

470

465

398

425

405

402

380

360

340

Mar.

305

305

305

305

305

310

320

330

340

340

345

350

360

370

ocn

385

390

4QO

410

JOK

A Kf\

475 KHO

550

575

600

630

690

70 c

760

Apr.

810

885

930

1,020

1,120

1,220

1,330

1,440

1,680

1,740

1,860

2,050

2,570

3,120

3,540

3,820

4,100

4,100

4,100

4,410

5,660

6,820

6,620

6,620

6,040

4,410

4,100

3,680

May.

3,400

3,260

3,120

2,840

2,700

2,570

2,310

1,860

1,620

1,740

1,800

1,570

1,350

1,300

1,400

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,620

1,620

1,570

1,680

1,740

1,520

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,250

1 150

1^100

June.

1,050

1,050

1,000

1,200

1,250

1,100

960

1,000

1 1 *f\

1,150

1 050

1,000

960

1, 150

1,300

1,200

1,150

1,100

1,050

1.000

960

960

960

915

1,050

1,250

1,100

1,860

July.

1,980

1,680

1,520

1,520

1, 150

790

675

610

555

530

455

455

455

430

405

430

380

340

322

322

- 340

530

555

555

530

405

Aug.

360

340

OA(\

322

322

322

322

340

340

340

340

340

322

322

322

340

340

3SO

430

505

640

675

640

610

555

505

4qn

Af)K

Sept.

360

360

380

455

675

960

1,150

1,250

1,300

1,250

1,300

1,250

1 9/m

1,100

1,000

915

790

750

710

675

675

640

640

640

675

675

790

830

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13 to Apr. 8.
86 SURFACE WATBB SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 775 square miles.]

Month.

December ... ............... ..............

July. ..................................... ...

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,560 

1,020 

7GO 

450 

475 

760 

6,820 

3,400 

1,860 

1,980 

075 

1,300

6,820

Minimum.

602 

47.5 

304 

23S 

318 

305 

810 

1,100 

915 

322 

322 

360

238

Mean.

1,060 

702 

481 

287 

376 

450 

3,390 

1,800 

1,120 

701 

407 

804

961

Per 

square 

mile.

1.37 

.900 

.621 

.370 

. 485 

.581 

4.37 

2 32 

1.45 

.905 

. 525 

1.01

1.24

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.58 

1.01 

.72 

.43 

.52 

! 67 

4.88 

2. 68 

1.62 

1.04 

.61 

1.16

16. 92

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR BRTJCE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 4, T. 35 N., R. 7 W., Rusk County, at the Minneapolis, St. Paul 

& Sault Ste. Marie Railway bridge 1 mile east of Bruce. Thornapple River 

enters from the right immediately above station and Flambeau River from the 

right about 21 miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 l square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin 

Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 31, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to downstream side of Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault 

Ste. Marie Railway bridge; read by H. C. Gardner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and small gravel; free from vegetation; first and second channels from the west fairly permanent; third channel, 

nearest east bank, has a tendency to fill during low stages with sand worked in 

by Thornapple River. Flow, except during extremely high stages is confined 

within the banks.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.3 feet at 5.45 

p. m., April 22 (discharge, 13,400 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated at 

518 second-feet, February 28.

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 12.3 feet at 5.45 p. m., April 22, 1916 

(discharge, 13,400 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded by measurement 

made March 5, 1914 (discharge, 405 second-feet). It is likely that a minimum 

of approximately 350 second-feet occurred during the last part of February, 1914.

REGULATION. Flow modified to some extent by reservoir on the West Fork of Chippewa River, in sec. 14, T. 41 N., R. 6 W. This reservoir has a capacity of 550,000,000 

cubic feet and is used in connection with reservoirs on Upper Flambeau River 

to regulate flow of Chippewa River. No diurnal fluctuation is observed.

i Revised since Water-Supply Paper 405 was published.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI MVER BASIN. 87

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice during winter 

periods and changes caused by shifting control during periods of low water. 

Rating curves applicable as follows: October 1 to December 9 poorly denned; 

April 12 to July 15 well defined from 1,740 to 13,400 second-feet; July 16-31 

and August 1-20, poorly defined; August 21 to September 30, fairly well defined 

between 650 and 2,050 second-feet and poorly defined outside these limits. Gage 

read to quarter tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for the period in which stagedischarge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying 

to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means ofkdischarge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records good 

for periods for which rating curves are well defined; fair for other periods; winter 

records poor.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by E. L. Williams.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.08

3.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

629

569

Date.

Apr. 23.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.50

12.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

549

13,000

Date.

Aug. 296.......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.08

2.17

Discharge.

Sec-ft. 

2,760

763

a Complete ice cover at measuring and control section. 

6 Made by wading 200 feet below gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,080

1,170

1,350

1,740

2,740

2,640

2,740

2,940

2,940

2,840

2,640

2,-640

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,440

2,640

2,940

2,840

2,640

2,340

2,040

1,840

1,540

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,080

1,080

Nov.

1,040

1 000

QftS

925

885

845

845

925

1,040

1,170

2,440

4,530

3,980

3,240

2,540

2,240

1,940

1,840

1,640

1,740

1,640

1,440

1,350

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,350

1,260

1,130

1,000

Dec.

1,000

1,000

925

1,000

1,000

925

965

925

925

OAR

957

949

Q4.1

925

906

893

877

861

830

822

815

802

877

941

957

770

742

728

686

630

c74

Jan.

574

609

fiAi

640

636

629

630

630

62%

620

616

610

605

595

590

580

570

560

570

580

590

600

609

580

560

KAc

530

540

550

560

Feb.

570

568

569

550

KAfi

535

530

530

530

530

530

535

540

545

552

560

560

570

580

600

770

750

700

650

560

540

530

518

530

Mar.

548

560

567

574

581

595

602

609

616

630

644

658

672

786

700

735

770

808

845

925

1,000

1,080

1,260

1,540

1,740

1,940

2,210

2,500

2,880

3 fiAA

Apr.

5,880

8,120

8,240

8,240

8,480

7 fUfl

5,880

5,300

5,300

5,080

5,880

6,720

7,620

7,620

7,620

7,880

8,540

8,960

8,680

8,400

9,800

12,700

13,100

11,600

10,200

9,240

8,270

7,100

6,360

6,360

May.

6,240

5,650

5,190

4,970

4,530

4,200

3,870

3,560

3,060

2,780

2,680

2,500

2,400

2,680

3,360

3,870

3,870

3,460

3,260

3,060

2,970

3,060

4,750

4,310

3,560

3,260

3 9fift

2,880

2,680

2,500

2

9AA

June.

2,120

2,590

3,360

3,060

2,880

2,500

2,210

2,500

3,060

2,880

2,400

2,210

2,020

2 120

2,590

2,680

2,680

2,500

2,300

2,020

1,920

1,740

1,740

1,740

1,740

2,120

2,680

2,500

3,560

7,490

July.

7,230

5,650

4,090

4,200

2,780

2,400

2,020

1 840

1,560

1 d.8fl

1,380

1,210

1,170

1,040

1,040

1,020

977

977

938

899

825

899

825

790

790

1,020

1,320

1,320

1,230

1,100

QQQ

Aug.

845

SAR

845

885

845

R4S

845

845

808

845

885

885

885

845

80S

808

808

808

845

845

770

810

890

1,010

1,050

1,010

1,010

890

810

730

690

Sept.

690

650

650

615

615

730

1,140

1,420

1,940

1 Q4fl

1,720

1,830

1,940

1,830

1,830

1,720

1,520

1,520

1,420

1,230

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,230

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Apr. 11.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Bmce, Wis., for the years ending Sept, SO,

1914-1916.

[Drainage area, 1,600 a, square miles.]

Month.

1914.

July...........................................

1914-15.

February. ..................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

1915-16.

May..................................... .....

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,600 

8,000 

8,000 

4,530 

2,500 

3,870

1,870

4,640

5,880 

4,970 

3,260 

2,040 

1,480

5,880

2,940 

4,530 

1,000 

644 

770 

3,660 

13, 100 

6,240 

7,490 

7,230 

1,050 

1,940

13,100

Minimum.

1,080 

1,640 

1,040 

1,490 

848 

1,460

825

2,460 

1,500 

985 

536 

530

1,080 

845 

574 

530 

518 

548 

5,080 

2,300 

1,740 

790 

690 

.615

518

Mean.

574 

397 

574 

2,710 

3,330 

2,900 

2,210 

1,300 

2,360

1,240 

769 

750 

585 

609 

734 

2,940 

3,760 

3,330 

1,510 

934 

853

1,500

2,160 

1,640 

875 

594 

571 

1,120 

8,010 

3,570 

2,590 

1,770 

855 

1,280

2,080

Per 

square 

mile.

0.359 

.248 

.359 

1.69 

2.08 

1.81 

1.38 

.813 

1.48

0.775 

.481 

.469 

.366 

.381 

.459 

1.84 

2.35 

2.08 

.944 

.584 

.533

.938

1.35 

1.02 

.547 

.371 

.357 

.700 

5.01 

2.23 

1.62 

1.11 

.534 

.800

1.30

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.41 

.26 

.41 

1.89 

2.40 

2.02 

1.59 

.94 

1.65

0.89 

.54 

.54 

.42 

.40 

.53 

2.05 

2.71 

2.32 

1.09 

.67 

.59

12.75

1.56 

1.14 

.63 

.43 

.38 

.81 

5.59 

2.57 

1.81 

1.28 

.62 

.89

17.71

a Revised since published in previous report. 

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In the SE. £ sec. 6, T. 28 N., E. 8 W., at highway bridge at Chippewa 

Falls, Chippewa County, 2,500 feet below mouth of Duncan Creek, coming in 

from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 22, 1888, to September 30, 1916. The gage was originally 

established by the Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., which has kept a continuous 

record since 1889. Since 1904 the United States Weather Bureau has obtained 

gage readings during the flood season of each year. On June 1, 1906, the United 

States Geological Survey began making discharge measurements and maintaining 

gage readings.

GAGE. On July 27, 1916, a Gurley graph water-stage recorder replaced Friez waterstage recorder which was installed January, 1914, on web between cushing piers 

supporting first right-hand span and about 10 feet upstream from gage formerly 

used by United States Weather Bureau; gage referred to original datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 89

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel; fairly permanent; banks are high and are 

rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.45 feet at 7 a. m., 

April 23 (discharge 52,400 second-feet); estimated minimum daily discharge, 800 

second-feet February 21 and March 6; absolute winter minimum probably somewhat lower, owing to regulation.

1888-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 26.03 feet December 6, 1896. September 

10, 1884, a stage of 26.94 feet was reached; discharge not determined; minimum 

stage recorded, 0.8 foot July 24, 1910 (discharge, about 460 second-feet).

REGULATION. Little fluctuation is caused by the operation of power plant about 

half a mile above gage. Considerable fluctuation is, however, caused by the 

operation of larger plants above, notably the plant of the Brunet Falls Manufacturing Co., at Cornell, Wis. As a result of storage in the headwaters of 

Chippewa and Flambeau rivers, the recorded monthly flow does not represent 

natural flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well 

denned between 2,030 and 56,200 second-feet; below 2,030 second-feet poorly 

denned. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year except 

for short periods indicated by breaks in records, as shown in footnotes to dailydischarge table. Except for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, daily discharge ascertained by applying to the rating table the mean 

daily gage heights as obtained by planimeter from gage-height graph, or for days 

of considerable fluctuation by averaging the results obtained by applying gage 

height for two-hour intervals to rating table. Daily discharge for periods when 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice ascertained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records good for openwater periods except extremely low water, for which they are fair; winter records 

poor.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

 Date.

Jan. 10o

Feb. 236

Mar. 176 

Apr. 4

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.08

2.09

1.40 

10.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,000

2,270

1,920 

c 34, 100

Date.

Apr. 23

July 24

25 

Sept. 23

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt............

H. C. Beckman........

.....do.................

R. B. Kilgore..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.44

1.02

.93 

1.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

52,500

2,720

2,450 

3,750

a Made through complete ice cover 3,000 feet below gage; complete ice cover at control. 

6 Made through complete ice cover 1 mile below gage; incomplete ice cover at control. 

c 66 per cent of discharge was determined by observing the velocity of floating ice; velocity used in determining remainder of discharge was measured by current meter.
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART v.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis.,for the year1

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

8..............

9

10..............

12

13

14.- ........ ....

16..............

17-..-......---.

1 G

19 ----

20..............

91

22

23- ........... .-

24..............

26.....~.........

27..............

28..............

29..............

on

31..............

Oct.

6,980

5,660

5,790

6,310

6,180

8,270

8,560

9,140

9,720

9,430

8,560

8,270

7,980

10, 600

12,200

11,500

10, 600

10,000

10,000

10,000

9,140

7,690

7,120

6,580

5,790

4,780

5,270

4,660

3,960

4,200

Nov.

3,740

3, 250

3,130

3,040

3,380

3,230

3,740

6,850

14,700

18, 600

16, 300

14,700

11,200

8,850

8,270

7,690

7,400

6,720

5,270

3,850

4,540

5,400

5,920

6,850

7,260

5,790

4,310

Dec.

3,660

3,550

3,780

3,110

3,110

3,000

3,220

3,000

3,000

3,110

3,000

2,890

2,890

2,800

2,800

2,680

2,680

2,580

2,480

2,480

2,480

2,480

2,440

2,380

2,290

2,290

2,310

Jan.

2

oofv

2,290

2,290

2,000

1,940

2,020

2,110

2,480

3,110

3,550

2,890

1,700

1,630

1,490

1,630

1,700

1,780

1,780

1,780

1,630

1,360

Feb.

1,630

1,940

2,110

2,890

3,550

3,000

1,860

1,010

2,890

2,480

2,680

2,110

2,040

1 780

2,110,

2,290

1 940

1^700

1,780

1,630

950

1,780

.......

Mar.

1,700

1,700

2,020

2,200

1,700

800

2,290

2,290

2,200

2,020

2,020

2,110

1,120

2,110

2,200

2,480

1,940

1,940

2,020

3,110

2,680

2,680

3,550

3,660

6,700

6,140

9,580

13, 400

15,300

16,900

Apr.

20,000

39,200

33,500

29,000

25,600

24,400

21,500

19, 400

18,000

23,000

25,900

25, 600

25,200

27,000

29,000

28,200

28,200

32, 100

46,700

52,100

46,100

39,000

32,100

27,000

24,100

21, 800

20,400

May.

20,800

19,700

17,600

12,200

11,200

10,600

9,720

8,560

8,270

7,690

9 720

13,400

14, 700

14,400

12,800

11,500

9,140

10,600

12,800

14,700

13,400

13, 400

15,000

16,300

14,700

12,800

10,600

June.

9 i4Q

9,140

11,200

12, 200

9,140

10,300

10,600

11,200

6,720

7,690

6,980

6,720

7,400

10, 600

10,900

10,000

8,560

7,400

6,720

6,180

5,920

5,530

6,850

10,600

11,200

10,300

12,200

July.

18,600

17,300

14,000

12,200

11,500

8,560

7,690

6,440

5,530

5,020

4,540

3,960

3,620

3,740

4,660

2,760

3,060

3,270

2,720

2,640

2,540

2,450

2,260

2,400

2,540

2,680

3,040

3,760

4,780

2,030

Aug.

2,740

2,560

2,760

2,880

3,580

1,620

2,340

2,680

3,190

3,020

3,040

3,280

3,510

3,040

2,580

2,390

2,620

2,580

2,660

3,800

3,320

3,060

3,110

3,110

2,980

2,620

2,760

2,620

2,450

2,390

Sept.

2

00A.

2,370

2 qftft

2 OCA

2,410

2,680

4,780

5,430

5,580

5,560

5,220

4,880

4,660

4,920

4,710

5,100

4,200

4,130

3,760

3,850

3,620

3,530

3,490

3,400

3,320

3,690

3,620

NOTE. No gage-height record available July 25, 26, Aug, 13. and Sept. 27; discharge interpolated. Dis 

charge Apr. 2, June 4, 5, 11, and July 16 is the average obtained by applying gage height for two-hour 

intervals to rating curve. Determination of discharge July 25, 26, Aug. 12 and 14 based on mean gageheight for partial days. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Mar. 31.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 5,600 square miles.)

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,200 

18,600 

4,370 

3,550 

3,780 

16,900 

52, 100 

20,800 

15,300 

19,400 

3,800 

5,580

52, 100

Minimum.

3,960 

3,040 

2,290 

1,360 

800 

800 

18,000 

7,690 

5,530 

2,030 

1,620 

» 1,410

800

Mean.

7,910 

6,820 

2,970 

2,150 

2,150 

3,930 

28,900 

13,000 

9,270 

6,120 

2,840 

3,770

7,470

Per 

square 

mile.

1.41 

1.22 

.530

.384 

.384 

.702 

5.16 

2.32 

1.6ft 

1.09 

.507 

.673

1.33

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.63 

1.36 

.61 

.44 

.41 

.81 

5.76 

2.68 

1.85 

1.26 

.58 

.75

18.14
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 91

WEST FORK OF CHIPPEWA RIVER AT LESSARDS, NEAR WINTER, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 40 N., R. 6 W., at Lessards, about a mile above mouth of 

East Fork of Chippewa River, coming in from the left, and 8 miles by road northwest of the post office of Winter, Sawyer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 485 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 22, 1911, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Sloping gage on right bank installed July 18, 1915, about 100 feet below old 

vertical staff and metal gage fastened to log booms on right side of river; vertical 

staff gage used December 22, 1911, to July 17, 1915. Both gages read the same 

at medium stage of water. Gage read by Miss Ulda Lessard.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a boat at a section 200 feet below sloping

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel; channel fairly permanent. 

Banks medium high; seldom overflowed. Control, head of rapids a short distance 

below gage; during certain periods logs lodge and grass grows on this control, 

causing backwater.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.7 feet at 1.30 

p. m., April 22 (discharge, 2,360 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 

150 second-feet, January 13 to 17.

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.7 feet at 1.30 p. m., April 22, 1916 

(discharge 2,360 second-feet); minimum discharge, 127 second-feet, recorded by 

current-meter measurement February 23, 1912.

REGULATION. A dam at the outlet of Moose Lake, T. 41 N., R. 6 W., has a capacity 

of 550,000,000 cubic feet. This reservoir is operated to increase the low-water 

flow in the lower Chippewa River.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice during winter, 

grass during July and September, and a change apparently took place in the 

control during or before the high water of April. Rating curve used October 1 

to November 30 fairly well defined between 170 and 1,690 second-feet; April 

12 to September 30 fairly well defined between 460 and 2,360 second-feet. Gage 

read twice daily to quarter-tenths; gage readings unreliable during winter period. 

Discharge determined as follows: October 1 to November 30 and April 12 to July 

9 by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table; December 1 to April 11, 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, from discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, weather records, and a comparison with, records of flow at 

Bishop's bridge; July 12 to September 30, when stage-discharge relation was 

affected by grass, by indirect method. Open-water records fair; winter records 

poor.

Discharge measurements of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis., 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by E. L. Williams.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

65.65

66.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

227

208

Date.

Apr. 22........

Gage 

height.

Fed.

c7.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

206

2,350

Date.

May 29........

Aug. 22 <*......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

c5.81

05.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

686

279

Ice at control

Staff gage readings.

Gage height refers to slope gage.

Stage-discharge relation affected by growth of aquatic plants at control.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, 

Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16........'......

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

356

383

465

465

595

670

750

830

1,000

960

915

872

750

750

750

7KA

750

750

750

750

7KA

750

670

595

530

465

410

410

Nov.

410

410

383

0£fi

QKfi

331

306

306

331

383

356

OK ft

001

306

306

282

001

OCfi

383

383

383

383

383

383

356

356

QOQ

Dec.

280

Jan.

220

210

180

180

170

160

160

160

150

150

150

150

160

170

180

180

190

210

230

300

Feb.

300

OQA

260

240

250

260

OOrt

OOrt

270

OCfi

240

290

320

320

310

300

OQA

260

240

Mar.

220

91 ft

210

210

210

200

200

210

220

240

250

260

280

300

310

qqrt

340

qfirt

380

400

440

500

540

580

Apr.

i 600

640

680

720

780

820

880

950

1.030

1,120

1 200

1,310

1,400

1,490

1,580

1,760

1 Sfift

1,860

1,860

1,960

2,060

2,160

2,060

1,960

1,860

1,760

1,670

1,670

May.

1 580

1,580

1,580

1,310

1,310

1,220

1,400

1,400

1,310

1,310

1,140

980

1,060

1,140

1 140

1,180

1,220

1 '980 060

900

860

785

750

715

715

750

June.

715

715

715

785

750

750

715

750

715

715

680

71 <;

750

750

785

785

785

785

820

820

820

820

860

900

900

900

1,180

July.

1,220

71 *\

615

585

525

525

525

468

415

369

368

OfiC

322

322

322

280

280

300

260

260

300

300

260

280

300

260

260

280

Aug.

242

242

260

280

280

280

224

224

224

224

224

224

224

949

280

OCA

280

300

280

280

280

260

242

Sept.

260

260

368

415

440

648

680

615

585

585

585

525

495

495

468

415

415

415

415

390

368

345

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Apr. 11 and by grass July 10 to Sept. 30.

Monthly discharge of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis.,for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 485 square miles.]

Montb.

May......... ..................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.000 

410

300 

320 

580 

2,160 

1,580 

1,180 

1,220 

300 

680

2,160

Minimum.

356 

282

i50 

240 

200 

600 

715 

680 

260 

224 

260

150

Mean.

669 

351 

280 

185 

272 

298 

1,450 

1,140 

790 

404 

251 

464

545

Per 

square 

mile.

1.38 

.724 

.577 

.381 

.561 

.614 

2.99 

2.35 

1.63 

.833 

.518 

.957

1.12

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.59 

.81 

.67 

.44 

.61 

.71 

3.34 

2.71 

1.82 

.96 

.60 

1.07

15.33
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIIST. 93

FLAMBEAU RIVER NEAR BUTTERNUT, WIS.

LOCATION. In the NW. i SE. \ sec. 33, T. 41 N., R. 1 E., about 6 miles southeast of 

Butternut, Ashland County, and 7 miles upstream from Park Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 660 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage supported by built-up cantilever, attached to posts set in right 

bank of river installed May 26, 1916; read by Miss Mathilda Schulz. Vertical 

staff gage at same site and datum was used from July 30, 1914 until taken out by 

ice in spring of 1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 1,550 feet downstream from

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage composed of mud and rock. Left bank low 

and subject to overflow; right bank slopes back gradually to high-water mark. 

At the cable site, 1,500 feet below gage, channel is rocky and banks high. The 

control section for gage is head of Schultz Rapids about 200 feet below cable and 

1,700 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.0 feet April 22 

and 23 (discharge, 5,430 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 449 secondfeet February 2.

1914-1016: Maximum stage recorded, 9.0 feet April 22 and 23, 1916 (discharge, 

5,430 second-feet); minimum discharge, 335 second-feet, recorded by currentmeter measurement made November 19, 1914.

REGULATION. Storage reservoirs are maintained by the Chippewa & Flambeau 

Improvement Co. on the headwaters of the Flambeau River. Of these reservoirs, Rest Lake, in sec. 9, T. 42 N., R. 5 E., with an allowable capacity of 

approximately 1,500,000 cubic feet, is the largest.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well denned between 350 and 3,480 second-feet. Gage 

read twice daily to quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage heights to rating table except for periods in which stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice for which it was ascertained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. During brief periods in 

April and May gage was not in position; discharge for these periods estimated. 

Records good for open-water periods; for winter, fair.

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

28 a

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9 W

2.68

2.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

708

618

486

Date.

May 26

Aug. 24

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3

OA

3.88

2.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

474

630

Made through complete Ice cover.
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

600

725

985

1,120

1,120

1,170

1,170

1,300

1,220

1,170

1,080

1,050

1,010

940

940

940

918

QCQ

814

782

716

677

KftO

CfiO

690

716

716

716

Nov.

707

738

694

682

677

694

712

751

760

778

1,010

1,100

1,170

1,250

1,120

1,030

985

940

850

781

712

918

841

Dec.

7<57

673

673

673

805

760

716

760

760

760

760

760

805

850

850

794

738

805

872

816

760

760

760

738

738

716

716

673

Jan.

673

ftro

fiOO

coo

620

coo

fiCO

firo

ftro

ft 7^1

ft7o

ftQO

592

592

KKA

PiKA

518

518

500

500

EAA

EAA

483

Enn

Feb.

449

460

470

480

500

536

520

510

500

490

490

480

490

500

800

1,000

orvA

600

590

570

560

560

554

550

Mar.

C0£

483

483

483

483

474

483

518

554

554

592

612

612

ftOO

632

coo

673

716

7qO

700

7OQ

760

805

850

QQE

985

Apr.

1,080

1,170

1,220

1,330

1,440

1,500

1,590

1,740

1,780

1,800

1,940

2,070

2,280

2,560

2 840

3,000

3,1(50

4,130

5,430

4,230

3

Q9A

4,030

4,030

S ftftft

3,400

3,160

May.

3,000

2,700

2,420

2,280

2,140

2,090

2,040

1,980

1,920

1,870

1,800

1,740

1,620

1,560

1,620

1 ccn

1,560

1,500

1,560

1,500

1,380

1 QQfl

1 280

i 900

1,170

1,140

June.

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,100

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,100

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,050

1,080

1,080

1,050

1,140

1,140

1,200

1,380

1,300

1,220

i onn

1,220

1,200

i osft

1,380

July.

1,680

1,740

1,740

1,680

1,620

1,500

1,380

1,300

1,200

1,120

1,030

985

895

868

823

800

778

760

760

734

791

751

760

716

01 A

828

800

7Qfi

769

747

Aug.

729

725

725

725

712

703

691

686

712

712

712

725

720

703

720

720

729

832

846

792

729

703

686

640

EQO

536

C1 1

500

497

Sept.

500

483

466

486

584

694

962

1,030

1,100

1,120

1,120

1,100

1,050

1,010

985

962

940

895

800

778

800

805

800

782

769

769

769

778

782

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 25 to Apr. 15; gage heights for Apr. 22 and 23 

determined by leveling from high-water marks. No gage-height records Nov. 22, 24, May 6-9, and 

every other day Dec. 1-23; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 660 square miles.]

Month.

January ..............................

April.................................. . . . May ..........................................

July.................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,300 

1,250 

872 

673 

1,000 

985 

5,430 

3,000 

1,380 

1,740 

846 

1,120

5,430

Minimum.

562 

677 

673 

483 

449 

474 

1,080 

1,140 

1,050 

716 

497 

466

449

Mean.

923 

883 

760 

582 

559 

625 

2,720 

1,720 

1,160 

1,030 

688 

832

1,040

Per 

square 

mile.

1.40 

1.34 

1.15 

.882 

.847 

.947 

4.12 

2.61 

1.76 

1.56 

1.04 

1.26

1.58

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.61 

1.50 

1.33 

1.02 

.91 

1.09 

4.60 

3.01 

1.96 

1.80 

1.20 

1.41

21.44
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASIN. 95 

FLAMBEAU RIVER NEAR LADYSMITH, WIS.

LOCATION. In the SE. £ sec. 20, T. 35 N., R. 5 W., at H. J. Cornelias en's farm, 

about 6 miles by road northeast of Ladysmith, Rusk County, 21 miles below mouth 

of South Fork of Flambeau River, 1 coming in from the left, and 28f miles above 

mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,940 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geol. 

and Nat. Hist. Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 2, 1914, to September 30, 1916. From February 15, 

1903, to December 2, 1906, records were collected at a station in the city of Ladysmith, three-fourths of a mile south of the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. 

Marie Railway station, half a mile below dam of the Menasha Pulp Co., and 

about 6 miles below present station.

GAGE. Chain, fastened to a cantilever arm, supported by two trees on the left bank 

of river, on the farm of H. J. Cornelissen; read by II. J. Cornelissen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable across river about 200 feet below

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and sand; free from vegetation 

and fairly permanent. At the gage section, channel is divided by a small sandy 

island in the center; at the cable section the river flows in one channel; banks 

medium high, wooded, and not subject to overflow. Control not well defined, 

formed by the channel below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year when channel was 

clear of ice and logs, 9.6 feet at 7 a. m. April 23 (discharge, 17,400 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 2.12 feet at 7 a. m. September 5 (discharge, 763 secondfeet).

1903-1906 and 1914-1916: Maximum discharge recorded, 17,400 second-feet 

April 23, 1916; minimum discharge, 390 second-feet December 4, 1904.

ICE. Large quantities of frazil ice form on the falls and rapids above station and fill 

channel for a distance of several miles from gage to pond of Paper Co. dam at 

Ladysmith, seriously affecting the stage-discharge relation, and making discharge measurements almost impossible.

REGULATION. The Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. operates storage reservoirs on Rest Lake and smaller reservoirs on Manitowish and Turtle rivers and 

Beau Creek. Weekly fluctuations at the gage are caused by operation of power 

plants at Park Falls and storage reservoirs; no daily fluctuation has been observed.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 1,000 and 17,000 second-feet; extended above and 

below these limits. Gage read once daily to quarter tenths. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating curve except for periods in 

which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which discharge was 

determined from records of flow of Flambeau River ne"ar Butternut and weather 

records. Records good for open-water periods except at extremely low stages; 

winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by E. L. Williams.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,160

1 Called Dore Flambeau in Water-Supply Paper 385, p. 130,
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

n-.. ...........

18..............

19

20.... ..........

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

31..............

Oct.

2,970

2,870

2,520

2,720

3,180

3,330

3, 560

3,480

3,18J3

3,180

2,970

2

QAA

3,010

3,040

2,870

2,580

2

0Qf»

2,160

1,810

1,690

1,470

Nov.

1,650

1,360

1,380

1 ^^fi

1,400

i 4^n

1,450

1,570

3,560

4 220

3 snn

2

QAA

2 con

2,510

2 290

2 100

2^090

2,030

2 030

o nQA

2,040

2 030

2? 220

2

J 1 KA

2 1 f^n

Dec.

2,000

1,750

1,550

Jan.

1, 480

1,270

1,200

Feb.

1,080

1,OCO

1,350

Mar.

1,230

1,220

1,910

Apr.

9,560

j

9,800

9,520

10, 100

10, 100

11,000

12, 500

11,300

11,000

11,300

17,000

17, 400

11,300

9,520

8,680

8,140

May.

7,620

7,140

6,440

5, COO

5,600

5,020

4,480

4,140

4,060

3,880

3,640

3,480

3,330

3,2CO

3,480

4,310

3,970

3,720

3,720

3,560

3,970

3,800

3.260

3,480

3,110

2,870

June.

2,670

2,840

3,040

3,110

3,110

3,260

2,580

2, 740

2,810

2,610

2,510

2,410

2,410

2,130

2,640

2,770

2,700

2,540

2,510

2,610

2,490

2

4QA

3,110

3,180

July.

4,480

5,020

5,210

5,600

5,400

4,480

3,560

3,330

3,330

2,410

2,030

2,010

1,790

1, G20

1,560

1,560

1,470

1, 360

1,140

1,180

1,620

2,010

1,790

1, 560

1,250

Aug.

1,320

1,230

1,340

1,000

1,180

1,180

1,340

1,770

1,850

1,730

1,690

1,680

1,670

1,6)50

1,230

1,430

1,340

1,280

2,090

2,210

2,090

1,670

1,500

1 9Srt

1,230

1,280

880

cor

1,020

Sept.

972

907

835

925

763

1,100

1,580

3,040

3,180

3,260

3,330

2,640

2,640

2,700

2,640

2,900

2,540

2,330

2,330

1,910

1,910

2,580

1,790

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,620

1,620

1,620

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Nov. 22-25, and Nov. 30 to Apr. 11. Braced figures 

show mean discharge for periods included.

Monthly discharge of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,940 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,640 

4,220

17, 400 

7,620 

3,260 

5,600 

2,210 

3,340

17,400

Minimum.

1,470 

1,350

8,140 

2,870 

2,050 

1,000 

835 

763

763

Mean.

2,770 

2,200 

1,760 

1,310 

1,160 

1,470 

11,000 

4,150 

2,670 

2,390 

1,470 

2,020

2,850

Per

square 

mile.

1.43 

1.13 

.907 

.675 

.598 

.758 

5.67 

2.14 

1.38 

1.23 

.758 

1.04

1.47

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.65 

1.26 

1.04 

.78 

.64 

.87 

6.33 

2.47 

1.54 

1.42 

.87 

1.16

20.03
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. 97

JTTMP RIVER AT SHELJDON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 33 N., R. 5 W., at highway bridge in the village of Sheldon, 

Rusk County, about 11 miles above confluence of Jump and Chippewa rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 510 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch= 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22, 1915, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to downstream handrail of bridge; read by Miss Elsa DietzDISCHARGE MEASUREMETS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel; clean and free from vegetation. Right 

bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank may be overflowed occasionally. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded July 22, 1915, to September 

30, 1916, 9.4 feet at 5 p. m. April 22 (discharge, 8,600 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 18 second-feet January 20.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well denned between 45 and 6,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter 

tenths twice daily. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights 

to rating table except for period in which stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights 

corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Records good for open-water periods except for extreme 

flood stages, for which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Made by E. L. Williams.]

Date.

Feb.4o... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3

QQ

4.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

90

76

87

Date.

May 22........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.11

4.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

839

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.46

2.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

45

a Complete ice cover at measuring and control sections. 

6 Made by wading 800 feet above gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis., for the period July 22,

1915, to Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1915. 

1.........

2. ........

3. ........

4.........

5.........

6. ........

7.........

8. ........

9. ........

10. ........

July. Aug.

215

ejn

2.800

4,540

5,570

4.880

3,720

2,800

i Qsn

Sept.

151

124

104

91

82

85

94

Q7

Day.

1915. 

11.........

13.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19

on

July. Aug.

840 f;?f;

420

oqc

285

256

215

187

167

Sept.

88

88

97

2,240

2,650

2,110

1,510

760

Day.

. 1915. 

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

on

30

01

July.

480

390

390

760

840

645

onn

335

260

Aug.

143

124

124

121

114

104

100

94

151

Sept.

720

610

480

420

360

1,510

2,110

1,740

930

6342° 18 WSP 43E
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis.,for the period July 22, 

1915, to Sept. 30, 1916 Continued.

Day.

1915-16. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

?::::::::::::::

8..............

9..............

10.............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

25..............

26..............

28..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

760

645

540

680

1,020

840

885

1,020

930

885

760

680

1,300

2,370

2,370

1,860

1,400

1,510

1,510

1,620

1,400

1,110

885

720

610

540

450

390

390

335

310

Nov.

285

251

233

260

246

310

335

1,620

3,560

2,370

1,740

1,200

885

840

760

720

540

575

510

6*5

975

930

680

Dec.

575

251

260

238

238

215

215

215

215

205

195

195

185

175

175

165

155

145

135

135

re

118

118

118

Jan.

109

100

100

100

100

100

QK

90

64

38

32

25

28

30

30

30

28

25

18

22

25

28

30

on

30

38

30

34

Fee.

38

32

25

76

58

64

70

65

58

64

70

65

60

50

45

60

70

70

70

70

70

80

85

90

100

Q<;

95

90

on

Mar.

85

80

75

70

60

50

cc

60

60

55

75

100

110

120

135

145

130

120

150

160

180

210

230

2<»0

260

480

840

1,510

Apr.

2,370

3,720

4,710

5,050

4,880

4,710

4,200

3,560

2,800

2,650

2,950

3,880

4,040

3,560

3,250

2,950

3,400

3,250

2,950

3,880

6,110

8,600

6,660

4,710

2,240

1,740

1,300

1,300

May.

1,400

1,200

1,020

885

720

575

510

540

575

610

610

480

420

390

1,200

1,740

1,6"0

1,300

1.020

885

760

885

1,510

1,400

1,020

1,300

3,250

2,950

2,110

1,740

1 

' 400

June.

1,020

1,510

2,370

2,370

1,980

1,300

930

1,200

1,620

1,400

1,020

760

510

450

480

480

930

1,020

840

610

420

335

310

285

242

610

1,200

1,020

975

2,240

July.

2,240

1,740

1,620

1,300

840

540

360

251

215

167

128

128

114 104

94

114

104

94

104

104

104

94

88

88

88

73

114

88

73

Aug.

73

60

104

104

107

97

82

68

82

82

82

107

97

88

76

68

68

68

68

68

68

60

55

55

44

44

44

44

44

45

50

Sept,

58

50

45

50

45

45

58

70

100

100

85

85

85

85

76

94

100

118 its

100

100

100

91

07

rs

us 111

285

335

285

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice Dec. 3 to Apr. 5.

Monthly discharge of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis.,for the period July 22, 1915, to Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 510 square miles.]

Month.

1915. 

July 22-31..... ................................

1915-16.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

840 

5.570 

2,650

2,370 

3,560 

575 

109 

100 

1,510 

8,600 

3,250 

2,370 

2,240 

107 

335

8,600

Minimum.

260 

94

82

310 

233 

118 

18 

25 

50 

1,110 

390 

242 

73 

44 

45

18

Mean.

497 

1,070 '732

991 

879 

194 

48 

68 

205 

3,660 

1,160 

1,010 

366 

71 

107

727

Per 

square 

mile.

0.975 

2.10 

1.44

1.94 

1.72 

.380 

.094 

.133 

.402 

7.18 

2.27 

1.98 

.718 

.139 

.210

1.43

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.36 

2.42 

1.61

2.24 

1.92 

.44 

.11 

.14 

.40 

8.01 

2.62 

2.21 

.83 

.16 

.23

19.37
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 99

EAU CLAIRE RIVER NEAR AUGUSTA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 26 N., R. 6 E., at Trouble Water Bridge, about 7 miles 

northeast of Augusta, Eau Claire County. South Fork of Eau Claire River enters 

from left about 4 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 16, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge; read by Albert Wagner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge during medium 

and high stages; low-water measurements made by wading at control about 500 

feet downstream from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at bridge and above is sandy and very shifting; a 

short distance below the gage the channel narrows and a rock outcrop overlain 

with large boulders forms the control; banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded, when control was unobstructed 

during year and period 1914-1916: 10.6 feet, at noon April 1, 1916 (discharge, 

7,180 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.10 feet at noon September 2,1916 

(discharge, 40 second-feet).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice, although slightly different rating curves have been used from time to time, 

as more measurements have been made. Rating curve used October 1 to March 

31 well denned from 80 to 4,000 second-feet; April 1 to September 30 well denned 

from 80 to 5,500 second-feet; both curves poorly denned outside these limits. 

Gage read to quarter-tenths daily. Discharge ascertained by applying daily gage 

heights to rating table, except for period in which stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table daily gage 

heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Records good for open-water periods, except for low 

stages and periods for which gage readings are not available, as indicated in footnote to daily-discharge table; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., during the year ending.

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 15a

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

i 3fi

1.74

2.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

55

93

Date.

July 266

266

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.95

.46

.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

105

98

a Complete ice cover at gage and control. b Made by wading at control section.
100 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

11

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

9°.

24..............

25..............

26..............

28..............

29. ....... ......

30..............

01

Oct.

129

117

133

172

213

201

189

201

201

201

1,180

1,290

826

672

826

672

530

463

333

000

285

227

213

201

189

Nov.

189

177

1 EO

1VI

165

189

ll,200

990

710

513

1,760

1,400

826

710

Dee.

710

496

349

301

254

269

254

254

191

186

181

176

171

167

163

155

151

149

143

138

128

119

111

95

90

OE

Jan.

85

00

81

79

77

7c

75

7K

75

7K

75

75

73

71

68

66

rtO

70

72

75

QE.

119

131

131

143

143

14°.

131

119

107

Feb.

107

QC

75

65

57

57

C7

57

55

52

50

57

80

84

71

75

80

95

QC

QC

QC

95

QC

95

Mar.

80

7S

76

7 =

72

69

66

67

69

70

72

73

75

84

93

106

119

143

167

191

91 z>

285

365

564

906

1,340

3,410

5,770

Apr.

7,180

2,170

1,510

1,130

761

79 K.

797

797

761

725

725

1,630

1,510

2,240

905

797

655

725

797

May.

985

761

620

550

482

401

533

499

400

385

2,080

2,450

1,510

1,130

833

516

725

1,340

985

833

945

1,510

1,510

1,080

869

June.

585

1,180

2,920

1,180

620

869

1,510

516

482

466

466

620

1,570

1,760

833

550

433

308

353

1,290

1,130

690

655

July.

620

433

363

249

207

186

166

153

141

129

129

118

107

129

125

308

278

141

129

118

107

103

103

97

87

87

78

73

Aug.

69

66

63

83

107

107

97

83

87

83

78

69

69

66

54

57

69

78

62

57

54

51

47

43

43

43

43

43

Sept.

43

40

A1

AV

68

141

369

221

125

118

107

111

107

103

107

118

118

111

97

87

87

87

87

87

83

97

166

141

103

NOTE. No gage-height record available Nov. 10-20 and Jan. 13 to Feb. 6. Discharge, Nov. 10-20, estimated on basis of records of flow of Black River at Neillsville, and Big Eau Plane River near Stratford. 

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 31.

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 500 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,290 

1,760 

710 

143 

107 

5,770 

7,180 

2,450 

2,920 

620 

107 

369

7,180

Minimum.

117

85 

66 

50 

66 

655 

385 

263 

73 

43 

40

40

Mean.

399 

789 

208 

93 

74 

702 

1,830 

879 

892 

180 

66 

109

517

Per 

square 

mile.

0.798 

1.58 

.418 

.186 

.148 

1.40 

3.66 

1.76 

1.78 

.360 

.132 

.218

1.03

Run-off 

(depth in ' 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.92 

1.76 

.48 

.21 

.16 

1.61 

4 03 

2 03 

1.99 

.42 

.15 

.24

14.05
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 101

RED CEDAR RIVER NEAR GOLF AX, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 30 N., R. 11 W., Dunn County, at a highway bridge about 

4^ miles north of Colfax. Hay River enters from the right about 11 miles below, 

and Trout Creek, also from the right, 3J miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 10, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by Andrew Lundeguam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and gravel; small amount of grass 

growth during summer. Left bank high and not subject to overflow; right bank 

of medium height; may be overflowed during extremely high water. Control 

not well defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.8 feet at 1 p. m. 

March 31 (estimated discharge, 6,990 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.06 

feet at 6 p. m. October 1 (discharge, about 456 second-feet).

]914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 6.8 feet at 1 p. m. March 31, 1916 (discharge, 6,990 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.80 foot November 19, 

1914 (discharge, about 385 second-feet), apparently caused by temporary holding 

back of the water by ice.

REGULATION.' The following dams and reservoirs are used to regulate the flow in 

Red Cedar River. Owing to operation of these reservoirs the flow at the station is 

not natural.

Reservoirs used to regulate flow of Red Cedar River.

Dam.

Birch Lake. .....................

Location.

Soc. 24, T. 37 N.,R. 11 W... ........................

Sec. 21, T. 36 N., R. 10 W....... .....................

See. 25, T. 37 N., R. 10 W ..........................

Sec. 7, T. 36 N.,R. 11 W. ..........................

Sec. 20, T. 33N.,R. 10 W... .......................

Approximate capacity (millions of

cubic feet).

1.000

965

1,174

280

998

4,417

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent, except as affected by ice 

during winter, and possibly by grass from June to September. Two rating curves 

^ere used during year: October 1 to March 31, well defined between 560 and 

4,450 oecond-feet; April 1 to September 30 well defined between 635 and 4,450 

second-feet. Both curves extended outside these limits. Gage read twice daily 

to quarter-tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights 

to rating table except for period in which stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

heights corrected for backwater from ice, by means of discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Records good for open-water periods 

October to June; July to September may be only fair because of possible change 

in stage-discharge relation owing to grass; winter records fair.

'From data on file in Engineering Dept. of Kailroad Commission of Wisconsin.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916. 

[Made by E. "L. Williams.]

Date.

Feb. 80.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.74

3.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

737

688

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.06

1.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

699

970

Date.

Aug. 176.......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

704

« Complete ice cover at control and measuring section. & Made by wading at a section near gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

' <?

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. ..............

31..............

Oct.

470

510

510

670

610

560

610

610

610

610

510

610

670

670

610

670

730

790

930

730

7Qf[

730

730

730

610

670

670

610

CCA

560

560

Nov.

510

560

560

510

510

560

510

670

730

730

1,660

2,760

1,560

1,760

1,370

1,010

790

790

930

1 190

730

790

610

7qr»

70A

730

610

- 670

Dec.

670

670

560

560

560

560

610

560

610

610

610

610

640

640

640

640

670

670

670

670

670

700

700

700

7QA

730

Jan.

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

7Qf[

730

730

71 s

670

670

670

670

670

670

670

670

670

670

70 A

7QA

QOA

970

850

790

Feb.

790

790

730

730 730

670

670

690

690

690

690

730

790

7QA

850

850

930

930

930

930

OCA

OCA

7QA

790

790

730

730

Mar.

730

. 730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

700

730

760

7QA

QCA

1,100

1 o7f»

1 3 870

3 flftO.

3,770

4,730

6,140

Apr.

6,480

6,310

6,650

.5,630

4,170

2,880

2,640

2,420

1,980

1,880

1,880

2,200

1,390

1,780

1,780

1,780

9 49O.

2 7ftA

2 con

2,420

9 ^Ifl

1 980

1 780

1 300

1 QQA

1,390

May.

1,300

1,210

1,210

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,040

1,120

890

960

750

750

890

1,300

1,780

1,390

1 QQA

1,210

960

Qfirt

1,880

1,880

1,780

1 780

1 980

1^210

890

June.

960

1,980

1,880

1,580

1,580

1,680

1,390

1,780

1,980

1,780

1,580

1,580

1,300

1 QQA

1,680

1,390

1,980

1,580

1,120

960

1,120

960

OCA

1,210

1,980

2,200

3,770

July.

4,870

4,450

3,510

2,310

2,090

1,780

1,040

960

960

890

960

820

750

1,120

890

820

750

820

820

750

690

690

635

820

750

690

635

635

Aug.

635

690

690

890

820

750

635

690

690

690

690

690

750

750

750

690

750

690

690

690

635

635

635

690

690

635

635

585

635

635

635

Sept.

635

635

635

585

635

750

820

820

635

635

585

820

890

690

690

1,0 0

750

820

750

820

750

820

820

820

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11 to Mar. 31.

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916, 

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

December ..........................

May. .........'.......................

July...........................................

The year ...................... .........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

930 

2,760 

730 

970 

930 

6,990 

6,650 

2,310 

3,770 

4,870 

890 

1,040

6,990

Minimum.

470 

510 

560 

670 

670 

700 

1,390 

750 

820 

635 

585 

585

470

Mean.

640 

883 

648 

732 

779 

1,540 

2,680 

1,310 

1,580 

1,270 

689 

744

1,120

Per 

square 

mile.

0.582 

.803 

.589 

.665 

.708 

1.40 

2.44 

1.19 

1.44 

1.15 

.626 

.676

1.02

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.67 

.90 

.68 

.77 

.76 

1.61 

2.72 

1.37 

1.61 

1.33 

.72 

.75

13.89
103

RED CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 28 N., R. 12 W., Dunn County a* highway bridge in the 

vicinity of Cedar Falls, 4^ miles above crossing. o£Chicago, St, Baul^Maneapolis. 

& Omaha Railway.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE, April 1, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Staff, fastened to bridge pier; read twice daily, to half tenths, By Henry" 

Hawkinson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. No discharge measurements have been made at this 

station, which is maintained to determine fluctuation in stage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and rocky, straight, and free from vegetation; banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.1 feet April I, 2, and 

3; minimum stage, 1 foot, December 25 and 26.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet April 1-3, 1916; minimum stage 

recorded 0.6 foot December 15, 1912. Minimum stages are caused by operation 

of gates in dam above station.

REGULATION. The operation of storage reservoirs in the headwaters of the river (see 

"Regulation in station description for Red Cedar River near Coif ax, Wis.) together 

with storage at the power plant above the gaging station, modify the flow, causing 

considerable diurnal fluctuation, so that mean daily gage heights will not represent 

the average stage.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & 

Power Co.

No discharge measurements have been made at this station.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2 3!I!!!!""!i" 

4..............

5............ -

6..............

7..... .........

8........ ......

9..............

10.... . .........

12

10

14... ....... . ...

16..............

17...... ........

1Q

19

:20.... ......... -

21.. ...... ......

 22. .............

,00

24..............

2 K

26

27.. ............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.65

2.05 

2.10 

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.65

2.05

2.60

1.80

2.70

2.70

2.75

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.00

2.75

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.85

2.30

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.85

2.80

2.85

2.15

Nov.

2.85

2.85 

2. SO 

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.10

2.60

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.80

4.10

3.90

3.70

3.50

3.45

3 Aft

3.30

3.30

3.00

2.85

2.70

2 70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.10

2.70

2.70

Dee.

2.60

2.70 

2.70 

2.70

2.20

2.60

2.65

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.70

2.25

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.65

1.30

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

1.20

1.20

2.55

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

Jan.

1.65

1.60 

2.60 

2.55

2.60

2.55

2.60

2.60

2.90

2.95

2.60

2.55

2.90

2.80

2.85

2.10

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.85

2.80

2.85

1.70

2.40

2.65

2.70

2.75

2.65

2.55

1.70

2.15

Feb.

2.65

2.65 

2.60 

2.95

2.60

1.70

2.90

2.95

2.70

2.70

2.50

2.50

2.00

2.80

2.90

2.70

2.70

2 90

3.10

1.80

3.05

2.65

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.50

1.75

2. GO

2.60

Mar.

2.70

2.75 

2.70 

2.75

2.60

2.90

2.90

2.75

2.80

2.80

2.80

1.60

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.80

1.65

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.90

2.80

2.75

2.35

4.50

5.15

5.15

s.eo

6.05

Apr.

6.05

6.05 

6.05 

6.00

5.65

4.90

4.65

4.35

4.25

4.30

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.55

3.60

3.40

4.05

4.10

4.25

4.70

4.65

4.70

4.55

4.45

4.20

4.00

3.70

3.40

May.

3.80

3.60 

3.60 

3.60

3.40

3.20

3.00

3.30

3.30

3.40

3.40

3.00

2.90

2.45

3.10

3.10

3.65

3.50

3.40

3.30

3.65

4.10

4.30

4.10

4.20

4.20

3.60

4.05

3.70

3.60

June.

3.50

3.40 

3.95

3.90

3.80

3.70

3.80

3.80

3

CK

3 80

3.70

q <7ft

3 7ft

o ftA

3 (\ft

3 30

3 ('ft

3.50

3 Aft

3.20

q At

3.00

3.10

3.65

3.75

4.00

4.00

July.

4.85

5.50 

5.30

4.20

4.00

3.40

3.30

3.30

3.10

3.00

2.70

2.90

2.90

2.90

3.10

o in

3.10

3.00

2 80

2.70

2.50

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.60

3.00

Aug.

2.90

2.90 

2.80 

2.90

2.60

2.70

9 QO

2.90

2.90

2.90

2 80

2.60

2.60

2.80

2.80

2 80

2.90

2.70

2.50

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.90

2.50

2.90

3.00

2.90

3.00

Sept.

3.00

3.00 

2.30

9 °J1

3.00

3.00

2 oft

3.00

2.90

2.30

9 on

2.90

2.90

2 90

2.70

2.90

2

flA

2 90

2 90

2 90

2.95

2.90

2.00

3.00

2.95

3.05

3.00

2.95

2.90
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

RED CEDAR RIVER AT MENOMONIE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, R. 28 N., R. 13 W., Dunn County, about 900 feet below the 

power house of Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power Co., Menomonie, 13 miles 

above the confluence of Red Cedar and Chippewa rivers. Wilson Creek dis- 

' charges from the right into the service reservoir just above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,810 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 16, 1907, to September 5, 1908; May 9, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water stage recorder installed May 9,1913, over a wooden 

intake and well on the right bank of the river about a mile above site of old gage 

attached to a highway bridge about 200 rods west of the Chicago & North Western 

Railway station west of Menomonie, which was read from June 16, 1907, to September 5, 1908. No relation between datums of the two gages. Gage inspected 

by E. Kausrud.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge about a mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage composed of heavy gravel. Left bank high 

and not subject to overflow; right bank of medium height and will be overflowed 

at flood stages; bed at measuring section sandy and liable to shift; banks high at 

measuring section and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year approximately 7.0 

feet March 31 and April 1 (discharge, 12,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.3 feet at 4 p. m. December 20 (discharge, about 261 second-feet).

1907-8 and 1913-1916: Maximum discharge, 12,700 second-feet March. 31 and 

April 1, 1916; minimum discharge, 100 second-feet November 8, 1907.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation in stage at the gage section is caused 

by the operation of the power plants of the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power 

Co. at Menomonie and Cedar Falls, and minor changes are also caused by smaller 

plants on the tributaries of the Red Cedar River above Menomonie. (See "Regulation" in station description for Red Cedar River at Colfax, Wis.)

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water of April, 1916. 

Rating curve used before March 31 well defined between 530 and 7,730 secondfeet; curve used April 1 to September 30 well defined from 610 to 1,900 and 

4,800 to 10,000 second-feet, and fairly well denned from 1,900 to 4,800 second-feet. 

Both curves extended beyond the maximum and minimum limits. Water-stage 

recorder gave satisfactory results except for brief periods. Daily discharge October 1 to March 31 ascertained by applying to the rating table mean gage heights 

as obtained with a planimeter from recording gage graph; April 1 to September 

30 discharge obtained with discharge integrator. Records good except for 

periods when gage was not in operation, for which they are poor. Ice does not 

affect the stage-discharge relation at this station owing to relatively warm water 

coming from service reservoir. Daily discharge March 30 to April 7 may be 

somewhat in error owing to incorrect operation of recording gage, the water being, 

so high that observer could not inspect gage or make daily readings.

Discharge measurements of Led Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 30

30

July 1

Made by 

S.B.SouM.... .........

.....do..... .............

E.L. Williams.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8 100

P, 850

6 OCA

Date. Made by 

W. G. Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.34

2 30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1 O(1A

718

7ft*>
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 105

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Bed Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

22. .............

00

24..............

or.

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

818

806

794

866

878

890

866

890

866

890

994

981

994

1,010

1,020

1,140

929

1,070

1,370

1,250

1,110

1, 150

770

994

Q49

1,050

1,140

1,160

1,120

Nov.

1,060

1,030

1,250

1,230

1,150

994

734

854

1,110

1,400

1,370

1,120

2,700

2,520

2,270

2,220

1,640

1,580

1,540

1,280

1,260

1,110

782

1,190

866

QQ4

1,0?0

1,120

1 9^0

Dec.

1,260

1,150

1, 300

1,220

968

916

1,030

1,220

1,180

1,210

1,140

782

942

1,050

1,050

1,110

1,120

1. 210 '650

542

t, 150

1,070

1,070

1,020

314

298

818

1,020

968

Jan.

981

830

968

1,120

1,100

1,050

1,020

1,080

866

929

1,000

1,080

1,150

1, 190

1.060

830

929

1, 260

1,260

1,150

1,120

1,100

866

794

1,050

1,140

1,180

994

782

578

904

Fet.

1,290

1,140

1,210

1,070

1,230

1,290

1,360

1,220

1,250

1,180

818

1,070

722

1,020

1,230

1,210

994

1,080

1,150

955

942

1,210

866

854

890

916

602

878

1,160

"

Mar.

1,050

1,070

1,120

1,110

842

1,010

1.290

1^150

1,180

1,160

1,140

818

981

1,150

1,180

1,190

1,210

1,230

942

1,100

1,060

1, 540

1,060

1, 150

1,730

2,050

3,150

6,000

6,030

8, 530

11,300

Apr.

1 1 QOA

11,300

10, 100

10, 400

7,180

4,820

3,210

2,220

1,980

2,160

2,290

1,950

2,300

2,010

1,570

1,550

2,170

2,080

2, 350

2,190

2,940

3,390

4,060

2,990

2,620

2,190

1, 8SO

1 9SO

May.

2 150

1, 550

1,510

1 QQfi

1,450

1.380

1,370

1,470

1,200

1,100

1,0!0

1 (W>

1,100

1,570

1,600

1,200

1,820

2,810

2

oon

2,390

2,370

1,920

2,100

1,660

June1,560

1,570

2,180

2

CJA

2,410

2,380

1,950

2,120

2,450

2,170

2, 230

1,770

1,860

2,330

2,080

2,010

1,840

1, 150

1,700

1,440

1,290

1,450

2,150

2, 4.r>0

2, 950

July.

4 7OO

4,680

3,050

2,710

2,400

2,070

1, 730

1,260

1,440

1,360

1,380

1,3^0

1,350

1,260

1,190

1,520

1,470

1,410

1,350

1,210

1,200

1,260

1,130

810

1,170

Aug.

1,190

1,240

1,150

1,110

1,080

720

1,170

1,210

1,110

1,200

1,330

1,2)0

1,110

1,070

1,020

1,030

1,040

1,200

1,260

990

890

1,100

1,170

1,280

Sept.

1, 450

1,240

800

1,080

1,360

1,400

1 090

1,110

1.110

1.150

1,290

1,360

1,220

1,260

1,220

1,000

1 150

1 ocrt

1 300

1,280

1,240

830

870

1,250

1,310

1,310

1,390

1 4^(1

NOTE. Recording gage not in operation Oct. 1-2, Dec. 20-25, Jan. 11, July 23-27, and Aug. 10-15. Estimates of discharge based on one gage reading a day, records for Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, cr by interpolation. Discharge Jan. 6, 12, Mar. 28 and 30, based on average gage height for less than 24 hours.

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis. , for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 1.810 square miles.]

Month.

July . . .........................................

Discharge in seeond-feet.

Maximum.

1,370 

2,700 

1,300 

1,260 

1,360 

11,300 

11, 800 

2,810 

2, 950 

5,230 

1,330 

1,450

11,800

Minimum.

770 

734 

298 

578 

602 

818 

1,280 

1,000 

1,290 

810 

720 

800

298

Mean.

1,010 

1,330 

993 

1,010 

1,060 

2,110 

3,740 

1,640 

2,0-10 

1,800 

1,140 

1,190

1,590

Per 

square 

mile.

0.558 

.735 

.549 

.558 

.586 

1.17 

2.07 

.906 

1.18 

.994 

.630 

.657

.878

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

.82 

.63 

.64 

.63 

1.35 

2.31 

1.04 

1.26 

1.15 

.73 

.73

11.93
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

ZUMBRO RIVER AT ZUMBRO FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. Near east border of sec. 31, T. 110 N., R. 14 W., at highway bridge at 

Zumbro Falls, about 1,500 feet below mouth of Spring Creek, 6£ miles below 

mouth of South Branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,120 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 8, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain attached to upstream handrail of bridge near left end; read by A. H. 

Sugg.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high and medium stages made from bridge; at low 

stages made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of fine sand; shifts considerably; 

a slight riffle a few hundred feet below gage acts as a partial control during low 

stages; right bank fairly low and is overflowed during high flood stages; left bank 

not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.3 feet at 5 p. m. 

March 25 (discharge, 8,470 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated at 131 

second-feet, January 21.

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 16.65 feet at 5.30 p. m. October 11, 1911 

(discharge, 9,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 

4.50 feet at 8 a. m. January 10 and 21, 1914 (discharge, about 128 second-feet); 

106 second-feet was measured by current meter January 27, 1915.

High water of June, 1908. which reached a stage of 26.7 feet above datum of 

present gage, is marked by a spike in a telephone post near the railroad station 

at Zumbro Falls; high water of April, 1888, reached a stage of approximately 29.7 

feet, as shown by a mark rot so well defined as that of the flood of 1908.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice, except during and after 

extremely cold weather, when ice forms below the gage and causes backwater 

for short periods. A short distance above the gage the river receives about 8 

second-feet of spring water from Spring Creek, which is warm enough to keep it 

free from ice for a considerable distance during most winter weather.

REGULATION. The slight artificial regulation at the power plants above Zumbro 

Falls is not observable at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent except as slightly affected by 

ice during part of winter. Rating curve well defined between 169 and 2,710 

second-feet; extended above 2,710 second-feet by means of area and mean velocity 

curves. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table except for periods in which 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice for which discharge was ascertained 

by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for backwater from 

ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Records for open-water periods good except for extremely high stages; for winter 

fair.

Discharge meacurementi of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 27

Jan. 18«

Feb. 10a

Made by 

S. B. Soule.............

E. L. Williams......:..

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.41

5.35

5.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

168

179

Date. Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.57

5.29

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,270

278

a Ice at control.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN, 107

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2. ......... .

3..............

4............ .

5............ .

6...... .

7........ . .

8............

9......

10..........

11...... .

12........ .

13....

14.... .

15........ .

16.... .

17....

18...... .

19........

20..........

21...... .

22

23............ .

24.... .

25..............

26............ .

27..............

28........ . .

29............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

322

322

322

336

322

336

336

308

295

308

322

466

500

432

449

560

580

500

449

415

366

366

351

322

308

399

Nov.

295

295

295

282

282

282

282

308

336

449

970

1,170

970

700

540

500

483

466

466

466

382

398

415

415

466

466

449

415

Dec.

366

351

336

336

336

322

322

308

308

308

308

295

233

234

236

237

239

240

242

244

245

257

282

257

245

233

210

206

222

233

233

Jan.

233

210

210

233

233

193

215

215

233

222

200

200

201

202

203

190

177

164

153

140

131

200

222

366

620

466

449

415 366'

336

308

Feb.

245

233

222

210

196

200

202

189

177

177

175

165

151

151

155

155 '169

222

245

270

282

282

282

282

282

282

257

245

9^7

Mar.

245

245

245

257

257

257

257

245

257

432

351

1,790

8,170

4,590

2,430

1,730

1,220

1,790

1,850

2,220

2,960

2,710

1,430

2,780

7,870

5,370

2,290

1,670

1 490

l'370

1,430

Apr.

1,430

1,120

920

780

680

620

540

500

466

449

449

432

415

398

432

466

1,430

1,220

1,550

5,470

6,270

3,100

1,910

1,370

1,120

970

820

740

740

1,430

May.

1,370

1,020

820

740

660

620

580

540

500

483

432

398

398

520

1,550

2,030

1,2^0

1,020

820

700

660

1,170

1,270

1,120

1,020

870

780

870

1,170

1,550

1,070

June.

820

1,670

1,910

1,490

1,070

870

740

740

870

820

700

620

640

620

560

600

560

466

432

432

415

483

540

500

483

780

700

580 con

July.

560

500

449

466

432

398

366

366

351

322

322

366

336

398

466

820

640

1, 2:0

820

660

520

432

398

366

382

351

336

308

308

i95

308

Aug.

282

282

270

282

308

295

282

270

257

282

308

295

257

245

257

257

257

257

245

245

233

257

233

233

233

222

233

222

233

233

233

Sept.

233

233

233

257

233

233

233

233

233

233

233

257

257

245

233

233

233

210

210

222

210

200

210

210

206

210

?22

233

222

222

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Doc. 13 to Jan. 24, and Feb.1-19.

Monthly discharge of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 1,120 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May. ................. . . ...................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

580 

1,170 

366 

620 

282 

8,170 

6,270 

2,030 

1,910 

1,220 

308 

257

8,170

Minimum.

295 

282 

206 

131 

151 

245 

398 

398 

415 

295 

222 

200

131

Mean.

371 

468 

272 

255 

219 

1,940 

1,270 

902 

739 

460 

258 

228

617

Per 

square 

mile.

0.331 

.418 

.243 

.228 

.196 

1.73 

1.14 

.805 

.660 

.411 

.230 

.204

.551

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.38 

.47 

.28 

.26 

.21 

1.99 

1.27 

.93 

.74 

.47 

.26 

.23

7.49
108 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

SOUTH BRANCH OF ZTTMBRO RIVER NEAR ZT7MBRO FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 22, T. 109 N., R. 14 W., at Woodville Bridge, l\ miles above 

" mouth of river, 6 miles below mouth of Middle Branch, and 6 miles southwest 

of Zumbro Falls, Wabasha County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 821 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 16, 191] to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge near center of river, 

read by W. M. Whipple.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high and medium stages made from downstream 

side of bridge; at low stages made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists chiefly of sand and gravel. Control consists 

of cobble stones and rock at a well-defined riffle a short distance below the gage 

and is fairly permanent. Near the control, to the right of the channel, a small 

secondary channel branches off. The scouring out of this channel during the year 

made change in rating curve necessary.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.7 feet at 4 p. m. 

March 13 (discharge, 8,490 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated, 75 secondfeet February 15.

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 11.8 feet at 3:30 p. m. March 25, 1915 

(discharge, 8,360 second-feet, is less than the discharge for the slightly lower 

stage on March 13,1916, because of a shift in the control in March, 1916); minimum 

stage recorded, 1.80 feet December 26, 1914 (discharge, 62 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Effects of operation of small power plants above the station not noticeable at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed a little during year as a result of the 

continuation of cutting an additional channel at control, which has been going 

on for the past two or three years; also affected by ice during winter. Rating 

curve fairly well defined. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table except 

for periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice for which discharge was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for backwater from ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn. 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 26

Jan. 17«

Feb. 9o

Made by 

S. B. Soul6...... ......

E. L. Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.25

2.41

2.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

224

119

130

Date.

May 22

Made by 

S.B.SouM. ...........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.55

2.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

946

197

a Ice at control.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 109

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, 

Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1....... .......

2. .............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18... ...........

19..............

20....... ......

21..............

22..............

23..:...........

24......... . .

25..............

26..............

27...... ........

28..............

29..... ........

30..............

31..............

Oct.

211

203

203

211

219

211

211

211

211

911

227

269

340

385

304

ooc

308

322

304

269

269

261

219

219

997

997

Nov.

219

211

211

211

211

211

203

203

99^

322

832

860

670

485

362

340

362

340

340

362

295 OQC.

340

331

O1 0

274

997

Dec.

244

240

219

215

219

219

211

211

192

211

192

181

181

145

149

1TO

116

101

148

148

132

199

149

128

122

112

116

Jan.

106

132

112

106

148

91

135

148

112

109

128

81

145

135

106

98

98

104

159

122

IVS7

696

618

CQQ

460

326

Feb.

240

162

162

177

145

142

116

128

19<;

19<;

98

84?<;

98

109

98

162

135

181

170

282

QAA

256

909

990

223

200

Max.

170

177

200

274

256

162

162

148

1CC

KCA

791

2,150

7,940

2,290

1,480

1,100

1,290

1,550

2,060

2

Q7fv

1,220

1,760

3

QOA

1, 620,

1,220

1,220

1 9Qft

Apr.

1,360

1,100

912

650

437

437

437

412

359

355

350

346

336

332

332

388

1,220

1,420

973

5,820

6,620

2,890

1,830

1 360

1 040

852

764

706

594 070 

May.

1,220

706

650

567

514

437

412

364

336

332

706

2,210

2,060

1,220

852

567

540

1,360

912

822

fjcn

594

K.QA

1,160

1,420

912

June793

1,100

1,550

1,290

912

793

540

412

678

622

540

514

462

412

437

462

462

412

388

364

346

412

462

462

412

622

567

462

388

OQQ

July.

412

346

332

318

314

296

278

269

260

256

260

260

296

364

462

622

912

622

437

364

336

300

273

291

264

234

234

230

226

218

Aug.

214

197

197

239

256

214

205

185

185

205

218

201

189

181

181

181

189

189

189

181

170

150

158

154

158

150

158

146

158

154

150

Sept.

150

143

143

150

158

154

162

162

170

177

177

173

173

170

150

154

173

173

170

139

139

135

139

154

143

154

158

135

146

139

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1-3 and Dec. 15 to Feb. 22.

Monthly discharge of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 821 square miles.]

Month

October. ....................... ..............

November....................... ... ....

January ............ ..........................

April..........................................

June ...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

385 

860 

244 

696 

300 

7,940 

6,620 

2,210 

1,550 

912 

256 

177

7,940

Minimum.

173 

203 

96 

81 

75 

148 

332 

332 

346 

218 

146 

135

75

Mean.

249 

343 

167 

209 

163 

1,670 

1,190 

812 

589 

344 

184 

155

507

Per 

square 

mile.

0.303 

.418 

.203 

.255 

.199 

?.03 

1.45 

.989 

.718 

.419 

.224 

.189

.618

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.35 

.47 

.23 

.29 

.21 

2.34 

1.62 

1.14 

.80 

.48 

.26 

.21

8.40
110 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

TREMPEALEATT RIVER AT DODGE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 11, T. 19 N., R. 10 W., Trempealeau County, at highway bridge 

in the village of Dodge, 9 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 633 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 13, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by J. Johnson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or at low stages 

by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand; likely to shift; both banks of medium height and 

may be overflowed during extreme floods.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 8.1 feet at 5 p. m. March 27 

(discharge 3,220 second-feet); minimum discharge about 191 second-feet, January 

14-18.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 8.35 feet June 9, 1914 (discharge, 3,340 

second-feet); minimum discharge 163 second-feet, recorded by measurement, 

January 29, 1915.

REGULATION. No power plants above station have sufficient capacity to affect 

natural flow of river.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used during 

year. October 1 to March 26, fairly well defined between 236 and 1,650 secondfeet. March 27 to September 30 well defined between 196 and 1,800 secondfeet; fairly well defined between 1,800 and 3,080 second-feet. Gage read twice 

daily, to quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights to rating table, except during period when stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily 

gage heights corrected for backwater from ice by means of discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good, except at 

extreme flood stages, for which they are fair. Records for winter fair.

Discharge measurements of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Dats.

Qct. 29

29

Jan. 13«

Feb. Hi

Mar. 10a 

29

Made by 

S.B.Soule.... .........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.99

1.98

2.60

3.85 

6.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

299

299

200

202

322 

1,700

Date.

Mar. 29

May 24

24

Aug. 16

16

Made by 

E.L.- Williams.........

S.B.Soule.............

.....do.................

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.37

3.70

3.60

1.63

1.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,670

799

757

228

234

a Ice at control.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. Ill

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2...... ... .

3............

4............ .

5..............

?:::::::::: * 

8.......... .

9............

10............ .

11........ . .

12......

13..........

14.......... . .

15.............

16.......... . .

17........;...

18........

19.......... .

20............ .

21.......... .

22............ .

23..............

24.......... .

25..............

26..............

27......

28.......... .

29. ...........

30..............

31..............

Oct.

308

308

Ono

OC;Q

358

000

333

333

one

QfJC

one

ono

564

485

408

459

408

383

0~Q

333

one

000

308

308

Nov.

284

OQO

284

296

OQO

OQO

OQO

296

29P

3 rro

695

825

721

CQA

459

433

-too

433

459

joq

408

ro7

564

511

459

433

Dec.

433

A 00

408

383

000

408

QKQ

3

-Q

QCQ

346

OCQ

346

000

qqq

333

000

OOA

9Qfi

OQC

Of\Q

320

OOA

QAQ

284

272

979

272

260

236

Jan.

000

236

260

260

248

248

260

248

99 4

213

910

on A

191

1 Q1

191

191

202

213

260

one

408

W7

642

791

642

564

459

Feb.

408

OEQ

ofiQ

9QA

00ft

213

213

010

ono

202

202

91 3

91 Q

224

OJO

260

OAQ

3

XQ

458

616

P. 4.9

'590

564 ci i

459

408

358 >j[f\

Mar.

308

9S4

272

272

979

272

97°.

2S4

000

408

564 77**

1,310

1,310

1,280

982

929

916

903

999

9

^ =

1 040

1,940

3

AQA

1,690

1,360

Apr.

1, 180

1,060

940

8?0

760

674

CnA

CQA

506

478

478

478

478

452

cco

fi4.fi

1,300 1 ftQft

8SO

730

534

478

452

ACO

562

May.

CAO

CAA

452

426

400

374

374

19fi

590

478

562

452

880

1,240

1,180

7Qft

CQA

646

760

880

760

590

674

790

910

70rt

7CO

616

June.

478

850

1,060

1,1:0

1,180

820

618

QOA

QQA

o^n

702

CAO

478

478

534

562

618

590

trco

452

400

400

374

348

V7A.

702

702

478

July.

420

 1AA

374

o-iQ

QrtQ

296

296

000

270

270

270

270

283

1,360

1,300

760

426

374

322

283

270

257

9^7

244

232

220

220

220

Aug.

220

196

2:0

318

296

qoo

270

283

244

OQO

244

232

478

1 000

940

674

426

374

309

one

270

270

257

244

244

Sept.

IQft

348>

506

426

Vli

ooo

OQA

OJQ

0.71

374

qjo

000

322

one

°70

270

270

270

9^7

244

296

296

322

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected oy ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 26.

Monthly discharge of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 633 square miles. 1

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

564 

825 

433 

721 

642 

3,080 

1,360 

1,240 

1,180 

1.360 

1,000 

506

3,080

Minimum,

296 

284 

236 

191 

202 

272 

426 

374 

348 

220 

196 

196

191

Mean.

358 

437 

334 

319 

339 

939 

684 

644 

632 

376 

340 

305

476

Per 

square 

mile.

0.566 

.690 

. 528 

.504 

.536 

1.48 

1.08 

1.02 

.998 

.594 

.537 

.482

.752

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.65 

.77 

.61 

.58 

.58 

1.71 

1.20 

1.18 

1.11 

.68 

.62 

.54

10.23
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

BLACK RIVER AT NEILLSVILLE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 24 N., R. 2 W., at lower highway bridge in city of Neillsville, Clark County. O'Neil Creek enters from the left about a mile above gage 

and Cunningham Creek, also from the left, about 1| miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 774 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 7, 1905, to March 31, 1909; December 11, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read by A. 

Bissell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge, or by wading 

in vicinity of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and rock; control at head of 

rapids a few hundred feet below gage. Banks high and rocky; water will not 

overflow the banks at gage section.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.78 feet at 5 p.m. 

March 31 (discharge, 11,400 second-feet); minimum estimated discharge, 28 

second-feet January* and February; owing to diurnal fluctuations at such low 

stages it is likely that the absolute minimum was less than 28 second-feet.

1905-1909 and 1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 19.8 feet June 6, 1905 

(discharge, about 29,400 second-feet). It is probable that the maximum discharge which occurred October 6, 1911, exceeded 29,000 second-feet, although 

data are not available regarding the stage at the gage section during this flood; 

minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 2.4 feet October 9, 1905 

(discharge, about 20 second-feet).

REGULATION. Several dams on Black River and tributaries upstream from Neillsville are used to create a head for developing power. The operation of these 

plants causes a diurnal fluctuation at the gage, especially during the winter 

when the flow is at a minimum.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well denned from 48 to 14,300 second-feet; fairly well denned 

below 48 second-feet, and extended above 14,300 second-feet. Gage read twice 

daily to quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights to rating curve except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean 

daily gage heights corrected for backwater from ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records good for open-water 

periods, except extremely low stages, for which they are fair; winter records 

poor.

Discharge measurements of Black River at Neillsmlle, Wis., during the year ending Sept30, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 60

Mar. 9»

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt............

E.L. Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.36

3.74

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

87

47

62

Date.

Aug. 186

Made by 

E.L. Williams........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.71

2.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

368

80

Made through complete ice cover. 6 Made by wading 300 feet below gage.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 113

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25... ...........

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

OS

92

98

110

112

136

150

148

172

184

181

191

730

1,800

1 430

l'l50

1,150

t dtf\

1 RAf\

1,500

1,290

760

590

490

445

340

245

217

184

Nov.

167

150

138

110

116

108

118

125

127

178

2,860

5,640

4,420

1,980

1,430

880

880

1,010

1 <uai

1,290

880

760

700

2,160

3,160

2,660

1 640

1,220

Dec.

645

280 360'

qort

300

228 on?

238

184

210

197

197

to1;

190

186

184

182

180

178

178

164

150

127

118

108

92

85

78

78

78

.Jan.

78

85

92

QO

85

85

87

72

61

66

72

66

37

28

30

37

Af\

48

56

66

78

92

127

210

280

320

320

280

245

178

Feb.

10870

^R

42

45

47

45

00

28

00

56

no

28

48

42

66

42

92

9.7

JO

108

56

56

78

78

66

78

Sfi

78

Mar.

7ft

79

68

68

66

64

64

62

62

62

64

64

72

78

78

78

09

 108

127

210

320

AQn

945

1,360

1,890

2,860

4,560

11,000

Apr.

10 400

10,400

9,670

7

7QA

5 Qfifl

4,700

3,570

2,860

2,160

1,980

2,070

2

ocn

2,660

2 CCft

2

O«ft

2,460

3,460

3,060

2 Qfin

3 460

6,120

9,490

6,600

4,700

3,260

2,070

1,500

1,150

950

1,220

May.

1 ^fiO

1,220

685

770

660

585

510

560

535

ARf\

560

485

395

685

2,070

2,160

1,800

1,430

1,080

890

660

1,220

1,7?0

1,500

1,290

1 360

2,070

1,800

1,500

1,150

1,290

June.

1

1 en

3,570

3,910

3 ftftn

2,070

1 430

i i fin

3,060

3,060

2,260

1,500

3,260

830

830

660

1,720

1,720

1,290

win

635

438

315

254

210

176

890

2,360

2,070

1 °.fifl

1,080

July.

1,080

son

660

4fin

334

167

130

122

110

81

AQ

63

64

354

244

950

1,980

660

315

176

104

87

86

58

47

42

57

52

41

42

Aug.

4fi

36

Q.I

34

118

IQft

ton

118

100

84

76

73

94

94

65

AO

54

78

58

416

39

45

41

, 42

40

37

33

37

38

32

36

Sept.

r OO35

31

Oft

QO

35

102

890

560

228

157

125

104

118

195

210

216

228

170

132

118

110

167

184

134

160

1,980

1,360

660

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 28.

Monthly discharge of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 774 square miles.]

Month.

October........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,800 

5,640 

645 

320 

108 

11,000 

10,400 

2,160 

3,910 

1,980 

416 

1,980

11,000

Minimum.

92 

108 

78 

28 

28 

62 

950 

395 

176 

41 

32 

31

28.

Mean.

615 

1,330 

198 

111 

59 

1,080 

4,130 

1,110 

1,570 

314 

79 

290

902

Per 

square 

mile.

0.795 

1.72 

.256 

.143 

.076 

1.40 

5.34 

1.43 

2.03 

.406 

.102 

.375

1.17

Run-oft 

(depth la 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.92 

1.92 

.30 

.16 

.08 

1.61 

5.96 

1.65 

2.26 

.47 

.12 

.42

15.87

6342° 18 wsp 435 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

LA CROSSE RIVER HEAR WEST SALEM, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 32, 1 T. 17 N., R. 6 W., La Crosse County, at highway bridge 2

miles west of West Salem, and 10 miles above mouth of river. Dutch Creek

enters from right 6 miles above station. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 412 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch = 6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 22, 1913, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to concrete guardrail on upstream side of bridge; read by

Henry Schucht. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge at medium and

high stages; at low stages made by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed heavy gravel and rock. Right bank high and not

subject to overflow; left bank above gage low and subject to overflow at flood 

Channel free from vegetation; control for low stages a rocky riffle with a

fall of about 6 inches. Control is drowned out at a stage of about 2.2 feet on the 

gage as shown by a reversal in the rating curve.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.6 feet at 7 a. m. 

January 29 (discharge estimated, because of backwater from ice, at about 1,700 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.22 feet at 6 p. m. September 3 (discharge, 164 second-feet).

1913-1916: Maximum discharge recorded, 1,800 second-feet February 23, 1915; 

minimum discharge, about 130 second-feet, recorded November 17, 1914.

REGULATION. Diurnal fluctuation at the gage, amounting at low stages to from 0.10 

to 0.40 foot, is caused by the operation of power plants, especially the Neshonock 

dam a few miles above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 212 and 1,310 second-feet. Gage read twice daily to 

quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating curve except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

heights corrected for backwater from ice by means of discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Records good for open-water periods, 

except for low stages, for which they are fair; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 46

Mar. 116

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

M. F. Rather...........

E.L.Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.57

2.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

192

oqq

374

Date.

"Mar ^fl

30

Apr. 15

Made by 

.....do:.................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.94

1.94

1.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

433

444

220

a Made through complete ice cover; partial ice cover at control section. 

& Made from bridge; partial ice cover at control.

Sectional location published in Water-Supply Paper 405, p. 115, is in error.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIF. 115

Daily, discharge, in second-feet, of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 15..:...........

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

348

326

304

304

304

281

304

326

348

371

394

371

326

394

371

348

326

326

281

281

260

OQI

260

281

281

260

Nov.

281

281

281

281

9S21

281

260

281

326

348

394

506

506

416

371

326

326

260

326

416

394

971

348

OOR

348

438

506

371

416

Dec.

326

326

304

304

OQ1

281

OQI

281

281

281

281

281

281

281

281

260

260

281

281

304

326

971

371

281

281

281

204

Jan.

204

239

281

OQI

281

204

204

192

192

204

204

9fU

192

180

180

9fU

239

OQQ

281

326 CAR

77Q

862

889

916

1,500

1,390

1,690

1 '807 060

Feb.

461

371

OQI

233

OQO

222

999

222

222

9QQ

OQQ

OQQ

OQQ

239

OOQ

OQI

326

4fil

638

889

779

ooc

807

678

638

595

O71

O71

326

Mar.

326

304

239

222

990

260

9Q1

326

348

Vl\

374

595

862

807

EQC

461

071

326

qofl

371

371

171

74Q

1,230

862

638

Jfll

438

461

Apr.

461

461

416

394

O71

350

QOQ

OOQ

288

288

OQQ

308

OQQ

288

OQQ

308

Q71

350

til

638

71 1

CE1

438

9Q4

350

328

328

308

328

371

May.

350

350

328

308

288

288

288

288

268

268

OAQ

308

288

288

461

328

OOQ

308

288

OOQ

371

328

288

288

OQQ

248

288

308

268

June.

268

416

551

779

461

350

350

461

461

461

371

350

328

308

308

328

371

328

328

308

388

288

888

288

248

308

328

288

268

268

July.

248

230

248

248

248

248

248

230

212

230

230

230

212

230

308

308

288

268

268

248

212

230

181

212

230

212

212

212

212

196

196

Aug.

196

196

212

248

438

506

461

308

248

248

268

248

212

212

212

230

212

212

212

181

212

196

196

212

196

196

170

196

196

196

181

Sept.

196

196

170

196

IQfi

196

328

350

288

212

268

308

416

416

308

268

268

268

248

248

248

248

230

212

230

248

461

595

807

461

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 23.

Monthly discharge of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 412 square miles.?

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

394 

506 

371 

1,690 

889 

1,230 

715 

461 

779 

308 

506 

807

1,690

Minimum.

260 

260 

204 

180 

222 

222 

288 

248 

248 

181 

170 

170

170

Mean.

320 

358 

290 

492 

410 

465 

382 

314 

358 

235 

239 

303

347

Per 

square 

mile.

0.777 

.869 

.704 

1.19 

.995 

1.13 

.927 

.762 

.869 

.570 

.580 

.736

.842

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.90 

.97 

.81 

1.37 

1.07 

1.30 

1.03 

.88 

.97 

.66 

.67 

.82

11.45
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

ROOT RIVER NEAR HOUSTON, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 104 N., E. 6 W., at highway bridge 1 mile east of Houston, 

Houston County, 1 mile above the mouth of South Root River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,560 eqaure miles.

GAGE. Vertical staff bolted to downstream side of stone abutment, right end of 

bridge, read by Olaf Larson. Prior to June 28, 1913, gage was attached to piling 

just upstream from right abutment. The datum of the present gage was changed 

slightly on the date of installation to allow for slight slope in river between the 

two points.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control. Bed of stream is silt and fine sand 

that scours during floods and gradually fills in afterwards. Banks subject to 

overflow at stage of about 8.5 feet, the overflow at the gage attaining at times a 

width of about 5,000 feet. Floods on .the south Eoot, which enters the main 

Eoot about a mile below station, at times produce considerable backwater at 

the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.7 feet at 8.30 

a.m. March 26 (discharge, 7,970 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated at 

260 second-feet, January 13.

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.8 feet late at night August 14, 1911 

(discharge determined from rating curve based on high-water measurement made 

in 1915 (15,200 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 0.80 foot July 

17, 1911 (discharge, 267 second-feet); a discharge of 23-1 second-feet was measured 

by current meter on January 23, 1914.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

EEGULATION. Nearest dam above station is at Eushford. As flow is ample at all 

times for power generated at that point, it is not held back during certain parts 

of the day, and the dam has no influence on flow at Houston.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed considerably during year, owing to 

silting up of the channel during the low water in the fall and by a log lodging in 

channel in March. Eating curve well defined for high stages, but on account of 

shifting of control, the lower part is not well defined. Gage read twice daily to 

hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by use of indirect method for shifting 

control. Eecords fair; accuracy of determinations probably increases with stage. 

Estimates of discharge for flood stage above 8.9 feet in 1911 as published in WaterSupply Paper 305 are too low on account of an erroneous extension of rating curve 

above 8.9 feet. The high-water part of the rating curve, based on discharge 

measurements made June 28 and 29, 1914, at gage heights 9.80 and 6.98 feet, gives 

the same discharge as the curve used for 1911 at about gage height, 8.9 feet; at 

gage height 10.0 feet the new curve gives a discharge about 44 per cent larger 

than that given by rating curve for 1911.

Discharge measurements of Root River near Houston, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Or>t OS

Mar. 13a

Made by 

S. B.SoulS... ..........

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

010

2.65

8.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

508

306

3,510

Date.

Mar. 31

May 23

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

S. B. Soule.............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3 93

4.06

2.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1 9^1ft

1,470

KAQ

a Ice at control.
tTPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVEB BASIN. 117

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

fJFtl

533

533

coo

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

533

567

533

567

567

602

638

638

567

567

533

533

500

500

500

500

468

468

Nov.

468

468

468

4°. 7

4°.7

4°. 7

468

437

468

533

602

638

716

799

638

602

567

567

567

567

533

500

500

533

533

533

533

500

500

437

Dec.

417

468

468

468

468

437

437

437

437

437

.437

437

437

379

340

315

327

303

567

468

437

468

468

379

379

352

327

281

327

352

379

Jan.

407

407

327

407

407

303 097

OKO

379

oca

315

260

292

OAO

327

315

340

327

352

468

1,270

1,640

1,480

2,040

1,700

2,840

4,590

2,230

1,480

1,070

Feb.

QOO

716

676

Coo

Kft7

ftf\7

500

500

468

ARQ

437

437

407

407

407

437

. 468

1,170

1,420

1,700

1,170

888

1,170

1,170

978

843

716

716

Mar.

638

638

533

COO

533

coo

500

500

978

1,170

1,120

3,940

2.230

1,270

1,480

1,320

1,220

1,530

1,370

1,270

1,270

4,440

6,480

3,440

1,980

1,480

1,270

1,220

Apr.

1,370

1

070

1,170

Q7Q

888

7QQ

7K7

716

676

676

638

602

602

602

KA7

602

602

716

1,480

3,630

4,170

2,490

1,700

1,420

1,270

1,170

1,070

978

933

978

May.

Q7Q

1,170

1,020 0°,°.

843

843

7^7

757

716

676

676

676

638

799

1,530

3,250

1,980

1,530

1,320

1,170

1,070

1,170

1,420

1,420

1,920

1,580

1,220

1,020

933

933

888

June.

000

1,530

1,270

1,170

1,070

978

933

QOO

QOO

933

888

757

QOO

757

7<W

843

799

676

676

676

716

799

757

676

799

757

676

638

638

July.

638

fi(V>

602

567

fiflO

roo

eoo

eoo

KArt

Kf\f\

500

4AQ

602

2,620

3,160

3,000

1,750

1,270

1,220

1,020

933

843

757

757

676

676

676

638

602

602

Aug.

533

EOO

500

567

1,170

7^7

Kft7

533

500

CftA

500

468

4°. 7

407

437

437

437

437

407

407

379

407

379

407

407

379

379

379

379

Sept.

379

°.7Q

379

1<59

^!7Q

407

500

K«7

468

468

Kft7

COO

500

4°, 7

437

407

4O7

407

407

*P7

O7Q

4ft7

379

407

468

468

437

407

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 18.

Monthly discharge of Root River near Houston, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

638 

799 

468 

4,590 

1,750 

6,480 

4,170 

3,250 

1,530 

3,160 

1,170 

567

6,480

Minimum.

468 

437 

281 

260 

407 

500 

567 

638 

638 

468 

379 

352

260

Mean. .

532 

533 

408 

892 

782 

1,680 

1,190 

1,160 

857 

931 

484 

436

824

Per 

square 

mile.

0.341 

.342 

.262 

.572 

.501 

1.08 

.763 

.744 

.549 

.597 

.310 

.280

.528

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.39 

.38 

.30 

.66 

.54 

1.24 

.85 

.86 

.61 

.69 

.36 

.31

7.19
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

NORTH BRANCH OF ROOT RIVER NEAR LANESBORO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 103 N., R. 9 W., at first highway bridge 1 mile above junction 

of North, and South branches, 3 miles north of Lanesboro, Fillmore County, and 

about 5 miles below mouth of a small creek that enters from the west.

DRAINAGE AREA. 647 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 9, 1910, to September 30, 1914; and July 16, 1915, to 

September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage on floor of bridge, downstream side, near right bank; read by Olaf

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. At extreme 

flood stages measurements may be made from the railroad bridge just above the 

junction with the South Branch, and at low stages by wading just above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and light gravel. A few hundred feet 

below gage channel is narrowed by a low island and there is a slight riffle which 

constitutes control at low stages and is practically permanent. As there is more 

than 10 feet fall between the station and the mouth of the South Branch, backwater from that stream is improbable. At a stage of 6 feet the river overflows into 

a channel 1,000 feet back from right bank, at extreme flood Stages right bank is 

overflowed to a width of a quarter of a mile.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.2 feet at 7.50 

a. m. March 13 (discharge, 5,020 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 

at 55 second-feet, March 9.

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.3 feet August 13, 1911 (discharge, 

9,380 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 1.71 

feet July 4, 1911 (discharge, 38 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Several miles above station is a power plant working under a varying 

load for light and power; inspection of the morning and evening gage heights indicates that the diurnal fluctuation at the gage is slight.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in January. Rating 

curve used before the change fairly well defined; curve used after the change well 

defined between 200 and 1,500 second-feet, and fairly well defined between 

1,500 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by backwater from 

ice, for which .it was ascertained by applying to the rating table mean daily 

gage heights corrected for backwater from ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records fair, except for winter 

period, for which they are poor.

Discharge measurements of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 28

Feb. 12a

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.29

2.92

2.66

DischargeSec.-/;. 

210

132

161

Date.

Mar. 31

May 23

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

S.B.Soule'... ..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.19

3.57

2.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

987

253

a Ice at control.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 119

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn,, 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

218

204

194

184

194

204

184

184

218

184

194

218

266

266

212

194

278

278

255

286

278

240

218

212

204

172

184

175

Nov.

165

156

141

141

138

104

132

191

162

132

191

305

568

347

266

251

222

229

226

150

236

162

226

178

347

172

159

124

212

Dec.

159

255

159

153

188

135

191

144

175

147

153

135

126

229

135

129

184

248

248

212

218

233

184

191

178

107

118

153

147

124

Jan.

165

86

172

204

198

178

172

191

68

132

178

121

118

99

135

150

110

107

124

112

168

184

514

956

1,120

1,120

4,750

1,130

703

532

532

Feb.

463

248

286

286

305

104

118

118

132

118

118

132

120

107

96

73

112

259

215

414

326

184

194

326

236

138

150

68

112

Mar.

118

96

86

73

153

82

107

96

55

918

1,040

1,040

5,020

4,360

1,950

897

615

644

764

644

959

764

559

796

5,020

3,510

1,740

862

644

587

703

Apr.

829

703

532

361

384

340

324

309

254

237

231

237

237

237

231

258

293

733

1,210

4,620

2,830

1,260

829

644

559

505

430

430

406

480

May.

673

587

480

406

361

384

332

320

301

305

278

254

258

384

3,050

2,610

969

764

615

532

454

829

932

764

644

532

480

406

406

406

406

June.

430

733

559

559

430

430

357

406

454

430

361

332

480

332

324

384

406

340

290

286

301

349

384

324

324

361

316

275

324

316

July.

264

261

272

286

261

250

237

250

215

206

218

209

218

406

932

3,510

1,260

615

505

559

361

353

324

278

268

203

189

192

250

275

241

Aug.

234

218

221

244

454

250

272

212

209

225

212

212

209

195

212

192

209

203

186

212

198

156

167

189

195

186

133

162

186

141

167

Sept.

156

178

123

178

186

200

340

254

186

149

250

293

244

231

215

198

189

231

195

183

183

183

189

215

186

192

203

183

200

175

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 10-26 and Feb. 1 to Mar. 10.

Monthly discharge of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 647 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...................:.......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

286 

568 

255 

4,750 

463 

5,020 

4,620 

3,050 

733 

3,510 

454 

340

5,020

Minimum.

172 

104 

107 

68 

68 

55 

231 

254 

275 

189 

133 

123

55

Mean.

216 

212 

172 

469 

192 

1,130 

698 

649 

387 

447 

208 

203

416

Per 

square 

mile.

0.334

.328 

.266 

.725 

.297 

1.75 

1.08 

1.00 

.598 

.691 

.322 

.314

.643

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.38 

.37 

.31 

.84 

.32 

2.02 

1.20 

1.15 

.67 

.80 

.37 

.35

8.78
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

WISCONSIN RIVER AT WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS, NEAR RHINELANDER, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 4, T. 35 N., R. 8 E., Lincoln County, at head of Whirlpool Rapids, 

a mile below mouth of outlet of Crescent Lake, coming in from the right, and 

about 3 miles downstream from power station of Rhinelander Power Co., 10 

miles southwest of Rhinelander.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,160 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15, 1915, to September 30, 1916; December 1, 

1905, to September 30,1915, records were collected at a station 3 miles upstream.

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder, on right bank, in wooden shelter, 

well, and intake.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from car and cable about 150 feet upstream 

from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream is heavy gravel and rock; banks medium 

high and not subject to overflow. Control is head of rapids 100 feet downstream 

from gage; well defined and permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. September 15, 1915, to September 30, 1916: maximum 

stage recorded, 5.61 feet at 10 p. m. April 22 (discharge, 5,250 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.85 foot at 5 p. m. August 20 (discharge, 228 second-feet). 

1905-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 5.61 feet at 10 p. m. April 22, 1916 (discharge, 5,250 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, at old station, zero 

during August and September, 1907, and June, 1908. Minimum flow caused 

almost entirely by regulation.

REGULATION. Above station are 14 reservoirs* which are operated by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., for regulating the flow in Wisconsin River. The 

aggregate capacity of these reservoirs is 2.8 billion cubic feet during summer 

and 3.6 billion cubic feet during winter. In addition to the above reservoirs 

there are on the Wisconsin River above this station three power plants. Owing 

to the operation of these various storage reservoirs, and the service reservoirs 

in connection with the power plants, the flow at the station is not natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; rating curve well defined between 

212 and 5,410 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory except 

for periods indicated in footnote to daily-discharge table. Discharge ascertained 

by use of discharge integrator, except during periods when stage-discharge relation 

was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table 

mean daily gage heights corrected for backwater from ice by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. For a few days in April, 

when discharge was above 4,180 second-feet, discharge was obtained by averaging 

hourly discharge. During certain periods of the year the gage did not give 

satisfactory records, and for these periods discharge was based on gage-height 

records at site of old gaging station. Open-water records excellent, except for 

periods when gage was not in operation, for which they are fair. Winter records 

poor.

a Information concerning these reservoirs, based on maps and data furnished by A. A. Babcock, manager 

of Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., and data collected by the Engineering Department of the Railroad 

Commission of Wisconsin, is contained in U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 405, p. 127.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI E1VEE BASIlsT. 121

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids near Rhinelander, 

during the period Sept. 7, 1915, to Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

1915.

Sept. 7o

70

1916.

Jan. 116

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.96

.97

1 80

1.95

3.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

267

268

606

726

916

Date.

1916.

Feb. 86

Mar. 131

Apr. 19

23

Sept. 13

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

W.G.Hoyt.... ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.94

3.31

4.54

5.50

3.13

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,140

1,160

3,460

5,050

1,740

1,060

a Made from boat atoable section. 6 Ice below gage and at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, 

Wis.,for the period Sept: 15, 1915, to Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1915.

16..............

17..............

IQ

19

20..............

Day.

1915-16.

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,360

1,320

1,240

1,070

990

1,040

1,270

1,000

1,080

1,120

1,300

1,470

1,560

1,570

1,540

1 600

1,710

1,670

1,980

1,650

1,180

1,620

1,420

1,320

i 9on

1,350

1,130

Sepl

1,0

1,0

 1,2

1,2

l,2i

1,2

Nov.

860

672

800

720

607

850

800

1,060

?^n

1,340

1,430

1,450

1,430

1,420

1,400

1,420

1,540

1,600

1,420

i o^n

1,190

1,270

1,690

1,750

1,520

1 CAfl

no

80

no

70

no

90

D

i

1.

1,

1.

1,

1

1

1

1

1,

1,

1,

1 ;

1,

22

?1

?4 >,5

?6

ec.

130

310

370

370

*00

210

250

110

380

350

V7Q

793

764

764

793

<?53

384

384

384

353

W3

rjcfl

353

7Q K

735

Jan.

735

735

735

735

735

735

70 c

735

793

853

915

Q47

947

947

947

915

884

853

823

793

70 c

735

735

70 c

735

793

823

884

915

979

Day.

1P15. 

Feb.

1,050

1,010

979

915

884

1,010

1,050

574

679

coc

373

070

OQO

435

525

625

915

947

979

979

1,010

1,050

1,050

1,050

Mar.

1,050

1,170

1,190

1,120

1,080

1,050

1,080

1 080

1 150

1,120

1,120

1,120

1 050

1,020

979

979

979

1 i ^n

1,010

I

n tin

1,150

947

1,270

Sept.

1,41

1,161

1,11

1,14

1,07

Apr.

1,190

1,270

1,360

1,550

1,700

2,050

1,850

2,840

3,510

3,650

3 A on

3,780

3,940

3

cnn

3,390

4,120

4,310

4,880

4,870

5,100

3 son

3 son

S oon

3 <2i n

1 27..

3 28..

D 29..

3 30..

3 31..

3

May.

3 490

3,800

3,930

3,320

3,600

2,810

2,600

2,140

2,460

1,630

1,340

1,240

1,920

2

ocn

1,610

1,810

1,280

2 0^n

1,780

1 880

2 OQn

1 890

2 con

2 100

1^660

D

1

June.

2,110

2,200

2,780

3,160

2,750

2

Qcn

o g4o

2,620

2,750

2,610

2 160

3^080

2 850

2 ' ^on

3,110

2,480

i o^n

2 A on

2

o^n

1,680

1,800

1,680

ay.

915.

July.

2,380

1,760

2,510

1,980

1,450

1,520

i finn

1,860

1,270

1 220 '833

900

1 080

777

7W

1,240

1,200

1,190

Qoq

880

1,310

1,720

1,780

1 7«jn

1,660

I

oon

1,760

Aug.

1,590

1,300

1,420

1,140

1 190

1,260

1 OQfl

1,330

932

1,270

890

1,040

1,380

1,020

1,180

1,160

790

Q94

1,020

1,010

865

ft! 7

965

928

Sept.

1,080

1,220

1,210

Sept.

OQA

855

1,120

fion

820

1,120

1,080

1,160

1,280

1,160

1,880

1,160

1,200

1 490

340

290

1,320

980

1,160

1,280

1 880

1 860

1,850

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Apr. 6. Recording gage not in operation Oct. 

4-9, Aug. 30 to Sept. 15.
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids near Rhinelander, Wis.,for 

the period Sept. 15, 1915, to Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,160 square miles.]

Month.

1915.

1915-16.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,410

1,980 

1,750 

1.250 

979 

1,080 

1,270 

5,100 

3,930 

3,420 

2,510 

1,590 

2,000

5,100

Minimum.

965

990 

607 

735 

735 

373 

947 

1,190 

1,240 

1,670 

757 

790 

690

373

Mean.

1,160

, 1,370

1,230 

975 

822 

840 

1,090 

3,240 

2,290 

2,440 

1,440 

1,120 

1,290

1,510

Per 

square 

mile.

1.00

1.18 

1.06 

.841 

.709 

.724 

.940 

2.79 

1.97 

2.10 

1.24 

.966 

1.11

1.30

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.60

1.36 

1.18 

.97 

 .82 

.78 

1.08 

3.11 

2.27 

2.34 

1.43 

1.11 

1.24

17.69

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at east end of city of Merrill, Lincoln County, 1,000 

feet below power house of Merrill Electric Railway & Power Co. and half a mile 

below mouth of Prairie River, coining in from the left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,630 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 17, 1902, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed September 11, 1914; November 17, 

1902, to June 17, 1903, staff gage; June 17, 1903, to September 10, 1914, chain 

gage attached to downstream side of highway bridge; datum same since June 

17, 1903; records prior to this date questionable.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge a few feet upstream from 

recording gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and rock; nearly permanent; small island 

below gage and small rapids on either side probably constitute control. Banks 

are fairly high and are rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.8 feet at 

7 p. m., April 22 (discharge, 24,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.41 

feet at 4 p. m. October 3 (discharge, about 655 second-feet).

1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, approximately 17.5 feet at 5 a. m., July 

24, 1912 (discharge, 45,000 second-feet). During the preceding 24 hours, 11.25 

inches of rain fell in the vicinity of Merrill. According to C. B. Stewart, consulting engineer, Madison, the run-off of the 700 square miles between Merrill and 

Tomahawk was at the rate of 65 second-feet per square mile. If the estimate 

is extended to the entire area above Merrill the flow was 17 second-feet per square 

mile. Minimum stage recorded for the period, 2.7 feet, July 7, 1910 (discharge, 

about 389 second-feet).
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 123

REGULATION. Above the gaging station are 17 reservoirs, 1 which are operated by the 

Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. for the purpose of regulating the flow in 

Wisconsin River. The aggregate capacity of these reservoirs is about 6J billion 

cubic feet. In addition to the above reservoirs there are on the Wisconsin and 

Tomahawk rivers above the station eight dams operated for power.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; rating curve fairly well 

defined between 1,600 and 19,400 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder 

satisfactory throughout year. Discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator 

except above 8,430 second-feet which was ascertained by applying to rating table 

mean daily gage heights determined from recording gage graph. Open-water 

records good; records for winter fair.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 10o

Made by 

H. C. Beckman........

....,do...... ............

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.06

5.05

5.10

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

1,750

1,760

1,850

Date.

Apr. 21

June 20

Made by 

H. C. Beckman. . ......

W. G. Hoyt... .........

Gageheight.

Feet. 

10.98

6.38

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

17,600

4,610

a Incomplete ice cover at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2.. ............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.. v.. .........

29..............

sn

31..............

Oct.

2,700

3,040

1,660

2,650

2,860

2,520

2,330

2,680

3,300

3,380

2,980

2,140

2,740

3,460

3 860

3,720

3,640

3,550

4 430

4^600

4,200

4,110

3,000

2,960

2,560

2,660

2,370

2,460

2,340

2,170

Nov.

2,040

2,070

1,740

1,480

1,860

1,790

1,880

1,640

1,740

2,140

4,140

'5, 280

5,560

4,900

4,860

4,400

3,430

3,260

3,210

3,440

3,280

2,980

3,030

2,820

2,770

5,090

,3,720

Dec.

3,730

2,720

2,500

2,520

2,440

2,360

2,270

2,720

2,340

2,400

2,280

2,320

2,130

1,980

2,100

2,000

1,860

2,160

2,020

2,040

2,100

2,200

2,260

2,220

2,170

2,070

2,320

2,320

2,000

Jan.

2,100

2,240

1,880

2,000

2,080

1,610

2,040

1,860

1,780

1,930

1,980

1,940

1,900

1,880

2,370

2,140

2,080

2,070

1,840

1,820

1,860

1,860

1,700

1,840

1,800

1,780

1,840

1,780

1,800

1,830

Feb.

1,900

2,000

1,820

1,890

1,780

1,980

1,770

1,840

2,060

1,840

1,940

1,900

1,960

1,830

2,180

1,980

2,100

2,040

2,000

2,080

2,080

1,920

2,080

2,040

2,140

2,000

2,040

Mar.

2,100

1,970

2,120

2,220

1,900

1,920

2,000

2,000

1,890

1,940

1,800

1,900

1,780

1,940

1,940

1,820

1,940

1,920

1,780

1,780

1,840

2,040

1,850

1,810

1,980

2.220

2,140

2,870

3,840

6,000

Apr.

7,010

7,760

8,700

8,590

8,670

9,040

9,040

8,700

7,760

7,680

9,260

10,700

12,100

12,600

11,900

12,100

12,100

12,100

11,100

13,400

17,500

22,500

20,700

16,200

13,800

13,100

11,000

10,000

9,740

May.

8,700

8,300

8,240

7,890

7,240

7,180

5,880

5,690

5,980

5,100

4,520

4,340

3,830

4,000

4,370

5,360

6,340

5,380

5,050

4,260

3,980

3,610

5,370

4,670

4,330

4,500

5,420

5,770

5,500

4,340

June.

4,190

7,890

8,430

9,680

7,420

7,630

6,660

7,000

7,630

6,510

5, 580

4,560

5,260

4,560

4,260

5,780

5,860

5,950

5,510

4,320

3,550

3,910

3,790

3,280

3,580

3,710

4,670

3,970

3,670

4,310

July.

7,000

8,210

8,430

8,160

6,670

4,660

4,060

3,720

3,900

3,600

2,580

2,780

2,490

2,040

2,350

2,790

2,190

2,950

3,070

4,040

3,340

3,340

3,200

2,700

3,020

4,060

4,020

3,650

2,640

Aug.

3,850

3,000

3,020

2,660

2,590

2,370

2,430

2,480

2,620

2,440

2,230

2,200

2,170

1,910

1,910

2,280

2,190

2,030

2,050

2,040

1,660

1,720

2,090

2,300

1,820

1,840

1,730

1 non

1,700

1,700

1,870

Sept.

2,400

2,090

1,960

1,900

2,100

2,890

2,690

3,130

2,949

3,300

2,920

2,810

3,100

3,330

2,860

2,810

2 AAf\

2,370

2,660

2,970

2,220

2,250

2,110

2,750

3,460

4,230

4,000

3,820

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16 to Apr. 2.

i Information concerning these reservoirs, based on maps and data furnished by A. A. Babcock, 

manager of the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., and data collected by the engineering department 

of the Wisconsin Railroad Commission, is contained in U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 

405, p. 127.
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART v.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,630 square miles.]

Month.

October. .......................................

November. ...................... .

December .....................................

February. .....................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

September. ......................

The year... ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4.600 

5,560 

3,730 

2,370 

2,180 

6,000 

22,500 

8,700 

9,680 

8,430 

3,850 

4,230

22,500

Minimum.

2,140

1,480 

1,860 

1,610 

1,770 

1.780 

7,010 

3,610 

3,280 

2,040 

1,660 

1,900

1,480

Mean.

3,060 

3,230 

2,290 

1,930 

1,970 

2,180 

11,500 

5,540 

5,440 

3,980 

2.220 

2,790

3,830

Per

square 

mile.

1.16 

1.23

.871 

.734 

.749 

.829 

4.37 

2.11 

2.07 

1.51 

.844 

1.06

1.46

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.34

1.37 

1.00 

.85 

.81 

.96 

4.88 

2.43 

2.31 

1.74 

.97 

1.18

19.84

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR NEKOOSA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 21 N., R. 5 E, 1£ miles below Nekoosa, Wood County. 

Tenmile Creek enters from the left, about 4 miles below station, and Big Roche 

a Cri Creek, also from the left, about 38 miles below station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5, 500 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Since July 18, 1916, Stevens continuous water-stage recorder, in wooden 

well and shelter, on right bank of river. May 21 to October 23, 1914, a staff gage 

300 feet upstream from water-stage recorder. October 23,1914, to July 18, 1916, 

a Gurley water-stage recorder in same well and shelter as present Stevens gage. 

Gage attended by Henry Mans.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable a short distance upstream from gage 

house.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; clean; practically permanent; banks high and will 

rarely be overflowed.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 14. 89 feet at 6 a. m. April 

24 (discharge, 51,200 second-feet); minimum stage 0.45 foot at 11 a. m. October 

7 (discharge, 595 second-feet).

May 21, 1914, to September 30, 1916: Maximum stage recorded, approximately 

15.3 feet during the flood of June 6-9, 1914, as determined by levels run to highwater marks after water had receded (discharge, 54,600 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 0.45 foot at 11 a. m. October 7, 1915 (discharge, 595 second-feet). 

Minimum flow is due to regulation.

REGULATION. No storage reservoirs discharge into Wisconsin River between Nekoosa 

and Merrill. See "Regulation" in station description of Wisconsin River at 

Merrill (p. 123). Between Nekoosa and Merrill are 12 dams operated for power.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 1,160 and 52,100 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year. Discharge ascertained 

as follows: October 1 to November 11, November 20 to December 17, and March 

29 to April 30, by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights as obtained 

with planimeter; May 1 to September 30, except for periods when no gage record 

was obtained, by use of discharge integrator; December 18 to March 28, by apply-
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 125

ing to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for backwater from ice by 

means of discharge measurements, recording gage records, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records when gage was in operation, excellent, 

except during extremely high and low stages, for which they are good. Records 

for winter fair.

measurements of Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30,1916.

Date.

Feb. 12o

Mar. I7a

176

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt.... ........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.88

4.31

3.55

3.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,550

2,650

2,570

2,530

Date.

24

July 19

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.36

14.64

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

40.200

49,900

4,330

o Made through complete ice cover. 6 Made through incomplete ice cover at cable section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Nelcoosa, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,040

3,890

3,530

3,400

3,720

3,440

3,810

3,720

3,490

3,070

3,710

4,390

4,670

4,070

5,220

6,530

6,670

5,870

6,960

7,970

8,820

8,400

7,650

6,550

4,280

5,230

4,390

4,110

4,090

4,130

3,660

Nov.

3,600

2,880

3,370

3,450

2,660

2,690

2,370

2,730

2,440

3,180

4,170

7,600

6,520

6,610

6,230

6.300

5,340

5,670

6,010

6,700

10,700

11,500

8,720

Dec.

7,560

6,570

6,470

5,150

4,450

4,410

3,750

4,310

4,130

3,800

3,600

3,330

3,300

2,970

3,520

3,480

2,840

2,570

2,400

2,740

2.740

2,740

2,570

2,740

2,740

3,280

2,740

3,100

3,280

2,920

3,280

Jan.

2,570

2,230

2,920

2,570

2,740

2,570

2,400

2,400

1,750

2,400

2,230

2,400

2,570

2,400

2,570

2,570

2,550

2,230

2,400

2,400

2,070

1,910

2,070

2,070

1,440

1,910

1,910

1,910

2,230

1,750

1,910

Feb.

1,750

1,750

2,230

2 230

2,230

1,590

2,070

2,400

2

oon

2,740

2,570

2,650

2,920

1,910

2,570

2,740

2 4ftft

2,400

2,230

2,740

2,230

2,230

2,400

2,230

2,230

1,910

2,570

2,070

Mar.

2,400

2,400

2,230

2.400

2,070

2,740

2 Atv\

2,740

9 Ann

2,400

2,570

2,400

2,570

2,230

2 400

2,400

2,570

2

oon

2,070

2,920

2,920

3,100

3,100

3,280

3,460

3,830

5,220

7,000

10,200

11,800

16,600

Apr.

20,400

34,400

41,200

32,600

26,100

22,100

19,700

16,700

16,100

15,100

15,700

18,000

20,300

20,800

20,600

19,800

20,000

20,600

21,800

24,200

qq QAn

45,900

AQ 7flft

ATI nnn

29,500

23,200

17,200

15,600

May.

14,600

14,200

13,100

12,400

11,800

11,100

9 oiin

8,930

8,200

9,100

8,400

7,200

S QfiO

6,080

7,160

9 Ann

11,700

U qnfl

11,800

8,880

7 840

7' ion

8,630

9 sno

8,340

8,180

7 960

8*820

8,470

7,920

June.

8,630

8,460

13,100

20,100

21,800

18,400

14,8001

15,200

17,600

20,500

18,900

14,600

11,700

9,820

9,570

8 <W)

9,570

12,000

11,400

10,500

8,990

7,190

5,980

5,690

5,280

6,030

8,750

8,480

7,290

July.

7,660

9,800

13,900

13,700

11,600

10,100

8,200

5,090

5,280

5,360

5,060

4,950

4,300

3,760

3,330

3,760

5,480

4,290

4,300

4,720

<; 9.4A

4,600

4,200

4,040

4,050

3,880

4,360

4,790

4 670

4,360

Aug.

4,060

4,060

4,090

4,350

4,100

4,090

4,180

3,180

3,280

4,050

3,460

3,820

3,330

3,450

2,420

3,400

3,120

3.380

3,040

2,680

3,030

1,730

3,090

2,780

2,780

2,520

2,460

2,460

1,540

2,570

2,440

Sept.

2,450

2,920

2,260

2,840

1,750

2,290

3,080

3,180

4.280

4,220

3,740

4,190

4,740

4,800

4,400

4.020

4,100

4,300

4,490

3,740

3,660

3,680

3,590

3,320

4,200

4,800

5,650

7,200

8,410

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 18 to Mar. 28. Gage not in operation Nov. 12-19, 

Sept. 2, 3,14-18, and 27-29; discharge interpolated or estimated from record of flow of Wisconsin River at 

Portage.
126 SURFACE WATER 'SUPPLY, 1916, PARtf V.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Nekoosa, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 5,500 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,820 

11,500 

7,560 

2,920 

3,280 

16,600 

49, 700 

14, 600 

21, 800 

13,900 

4,350 

8,410

49,700

Minimum.

3,040 

2,370 

2.400 

1,440 

1,590 

2,070 

15,100 

5,960 

5,280 

3,330 

1,540 

1,750

1,440

Mean.

4,920 

5,820 

3,660 

2,260 

2,330 

3,840 

25,400 

9,460 

11,500 

5,930 

3,190 

4,010

6,830

Per 

square 

mile.

0.895 

1.06 

.665 

.411 

.424 

.698 

4.62 

1.72 

2.09 

1.08 

. .580 

.729

1.24

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.03

1.18 

.77 

.47 

.46 

.80 

5.16 

1.98 

2.33 

1.24 

.67 

.81

16.90

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MTTSCODA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 8 N., R. 1 W., at highway bridge 1 mile north of the village 

of Muscoda, Grant County. Eagle Mill Creek enters from the right about half 

a mile below and Underwood Creek from the left, 4J miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 10,300 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December'21, 1902, to December 31, 1903, and December 4, 

1913, to September 30, 1916. Gage heights November 1, 1908, to December 31, 

1912, published in United States Weather Bureau bulletin, Daily River Stages, 

parts 9, 10, and 11.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to handrailing on upstream side of bridge; read by William Hessler. Elevation of zero of present gage, approximately 12.62 feet above 

that of gage maintained December 20, 1902, to December 3, 1913; elevation of 

gage during period November, 1908, to December 3, 1913, as read by United 

States Weather Bureau was approximately the same as that of present gage, sealevel elevation of which is approximately 666.2 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.18 feet April 29 

(discharge, 54,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.90 foot at 5 p. m. 

September 4 (discharge, approximately 4,790 second-feet).

1903 and 1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 22.70 feet September 23, 1903 

(corresponding to 10.1 feet for present gage datum); discharge about 60,500 second-feet; minimum stage recorded 0.7 foot December 2, 1914, and 5 p. m. July 

24, 1915 (discharge, about 3,140 second-feet). According to the records of the 

United States Weather Bureau1 (see note under Gage) on June 11, 1881, the river 

reached a stage of 11.1 feet and during August, 1868, zero on gage (discharge not 

determined owing to possible changes in channel and datum of gage).

REGULATION. Nearest power plant above station is at Prairie du Sac, about 40 miles 

distance; since the later part of 1915 considerable diurnal fluctuation has been 

observed at gage. Owing to regulation by storage in the headwaters, the flow at 

this station is not natural.

i Daily river stages, pt. 10, p. 98, U. S. Dept. Agr.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI KIVER BASIN. 127

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used during year: October 1 to March 20, fairly well defined between 4,490 and 13,700 

second-feet; March 21 to September 30, fairly well defined between 5,200 and 45,000 

second-feet. Gage read twice a day to quarter tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for periods 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by 

applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means 

of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water 

records good, except during extremely high and low stages, for which they are 

fair; results for winter period poor.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date/

Oct. 19

Apr. 12

Made by 

Hoyt and Entringer.. . .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.5T

3.18

7.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,250

5,430

38,300

Date.

May 24

A nf Q

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt............

E.L.Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.28

2.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

16,200

8,640

a Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6...:..........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

7,320 

8,000 

8,000 

7,660 

8,000

7,660 

6,980 

6,310 

5,980 

5,980

5,650 

6,640 

8,350 

8,350 

7,320

6,310 

5,650 

6,310 

8,000 

10,900

12,500 

9,060 

8,000 

7,660 

11,300

12,900 

11,700 

12,500 

7,660 

5,650 

6,640

Nov.

6,980 

8,000 

6,980 

6,640 

6,640

6,980 

6,640 

5,980 

5,030 

4,490

5,330 

6,310 

8,350 

8,000 

8,700

11,300 

16,300 

16,800 

16,300 

13,300

12,900 

11,300 

10,900 

10,600 

10,600

10,600 

12,900 

11,700 

9,800 

10,200

Dec.

10,900 

15,000 

15,900 

10,900 

9,800

8,350 

9,800 

10,200 

9,800 

9,430

8,350 

6,980 

6,640 

7,660 

6,640

5,980 

5,980 

5,030 

6,640 

5,980

5,650 

5,600 

5,500 

5,400 

5,350

5,300 

5,300 

5,200 

5,300 

5,350 

5,350

Jan.

5,330 

5,300 

5,200 

5,100 

5,030.

5,000 

4,900 

4,800 

4,800 

4,750

4,750 

4,750 

4,750 

4,750 

4,750

4,900 

5,200 

5,400 

5,700 

5,980

6,640 

6,980 

7,660 

8,000 

8,350

8,350 

8,000 

7,660 

7,660 

7,660 

7,320

Feb.

7,320 

6,980 

6,640 

6,310 

5,980

5,980 

5,650 

5,330 

5,030 

5,330

5,330 

5,490 

5,490 

4,890 

5,180

4,750 

5,430 

5,500 

5,650 

6,640

5,650 

5,980 

6,310 

6,640 

6,980

7,320 

5,980 

5,030 

7,660

Mar.

7,660 

7,660 

7,660 

8,000 

7,660

7,150 

8,000 

8,000 

7,660 

7,660

7,660 

7,660 

8,000 

9,430 

8,700

8,350 

8,170 

7,830 

7,660 

7,320

8,900 

8,900 

8,140 

7,400 

10,100

20,800 

23, 100 

20,300 

14,400 

14,400 

15,800

Apr.

16, 700 

18, 700 

21,400 

23,100 

26,400

32,400 

43,500 

47, 500 

49, 500 

41, 500

37, 700 

31, 600 

28,500 

23,800 

21,900

22,500 

23, 100 

23,100 

25, 700 

29,200

30,000 

27,800 

27,100 

27,100 

30,800

33,200 

40,500 

50, 500 

53, 500 

47,500

May.

42,500 

36,800 

27,100 

25, 700 

23,100

19,700 

20,800 

21,400 

15,800 

16,200

18, 700 

13, 500 

13,900 

15, 800 

17,200

14,800 

13,000 

15,300 

16,200 

15,800

16,200 

17,700 

18, 700 

16,200 

13,000

14,800 

16,700 

15,800 

14,400 

14,800 

13,900

June.

12, 600 

13,500 

17, 200 

18,200 

16,700

16,700 

18, 700 

21,900 

27,100 

33,200

32,400 

27, 800 

24,400 

25, 100 

26,400

29,200 

24,400 

17, 700 

17, 700 

16, 700

16,200 

15,800 

16, 200 

16,200 

15,800

12,200 

9,300 

7,400 

12, 200 

12,600

July.

10, 100 

10, 500 

12, 600 

11,800 

10,100

12,200 

16, 700 

18,200 

13,900 

11,800

8,520 

7,400 

10,500 

10, 100 

8,140

6,700 

6,380 

6,700 

6,060 

5,480

6,380 

7,400 

7,760 

7,040 

5,760

5,480 

6,380 

7,040 

5,480 

4,690 

5,200

Aug.

7,040 

6,700 

4,940 

5,480 

7,760

8,520 

8,900 

8,900 

8,140 

8,520

6,700 

6,060 

6,060 

5,480 

6,060

6,700 

6,700 

6,380 

4,940 

4,940

4,690 

4,450 

4,690 

4,450 

4,940

4,690 

4,450 

4,220 

4,690 

4,940 

4,040

Sept.

4,940 

4,220 

4,220 

4,000 

4,420

4,690 

6,380 

7,760 

8,140 

6,060

5,200 

6,380 

6,700 

7,760 

7,400

6,060 

6,060 

6,380 

7,400 

7,760

7,400 

6,380 

6,060 

6,060 

6,380

6,060 

5,480 

4,690 

7,400 

6,700

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 21 to Mar. 20.
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 10,300 square miles.}

Month.

March. ........................................

April..........................................

May............!..............................

June... . .......................................

July...........................................

August. .......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,900 

16, 800 

15,900 

8,350 

7,660 

23,100 

53,500 

42,500 

33,200 

18,200 

8,900 

8,140

53,500

Minimum.

5,650 

4,490 

5,030 

4 750 

4,750 

7,150 

16, 700 

13 000 

7,400 

4,690 

4,220 

4,000

4,000

Mean.

8,090 

9,550 

7,590 

5,980 

5,950 

10,000 

31,900 

18,600 

19,000 

8,790 

6,000 

6,140

11,400

Per 

square 

mile.

0.785 

.927 

.737 

.581 

.578 

.971 

3.10 

1.81 

1.84 

.853 

.583 

.596

1.11

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.90 

1.03 

.85 

.67 

.62 

1.12 

3.46 

2.09 

2.05 

.98 

.67 

.66

15.10

TOMAHAWK RIVER NEAR BRADLEY, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 36 N., R. 6 E., Oneida County, 2 miles west of Cassion, 4 

miles north of Bradley, 4 miles downstream from the mouth of Bearskin Creek, 

coming in from the right, and 8 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 422 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 18,1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to cantilever arm on the right bank; read by Frank 

Sutherland.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about half a mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage and a short distance below sandy and likely to 

shift. Control is formed by rapids about 2,000 feet below gage. Bed at cable 

section heavy gravel; permanent. When a head of 15 feet is maintained in*Rice 

Lake storage dam, in sees. 4 and 9,T. 35N.,R.6E., backwater will extend half 

way up the rapids which are below the gage, and probably affect the stage-discharge relation. The maximum head maintained at the reservoir was 14 feet 

11 inches, during July, 1916, which apparently did not affect the control for the

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. 1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 6.88 feet, April 24, 

1916 (discharge 2,190 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.95 feet, September 

10 to 13, 1915 (discharge 263 second-feet).

REGULATION. The following reservoirs are maintained upstream from the station, 

for the purpose of regulating the flow in Wisconsin River.

Name.

Squirrel. .........

Location of reservoir.

T.39N., R.5E.....

Tps. 38-40 N., Rs. 

6-7 E.

Location of dam.

Sec.30,T.39N.,R.5E. 

Sec. 10, T. 39 N., R. 

6E.

Area of 

reservoir.

Sq. miles. 

3.00 

11.31

14.31

Drainage 

area.

So. miles. 

17.07 

81.60

98.67

Capacity (millions 

of cubic feet).

Summer.

152 

291

443

JSVinter.

152 

651

803
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 129

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected'by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 240 and 1,970 second-feet. Gage read 

twice daily to hundredths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights to rating curve, except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which it was obtained from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Records good for open-water periods; those for 

whiter periods roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 14a

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.20

3.63

3.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

402

376

348

Date.

Apr. 20

Made by 

W. G.Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.00

3.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.720

685

a Made through complete ice cover; ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., for the period 

Sept. 18, 1914, to Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1914. 

18.......................

1Q

20.......................

21.......................

22.......................

Sept.

619

(519

589

574

559

Day.

1914. 

23.......................

2*.... ...................

25.......................

26.......................

27. ......................

Sept.

544

530

516

496

471

Day.

1914. 

28.......................

29.......................

30

'

Sept.

452

442

424

6342° 18 wsr 435-
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., for the period 

Sept. 18, 1914, to Sept. 30, 1916 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22...........

23..............

24............

25..............

26..............

27............ .

28 . ...

29........... .

30..........

31..............

1915-16. 

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8... ...........

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.............

16..............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23..............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30

31.............

Oct.

408

408

396

384

372

372

408

421

434

434

460

502

502

502

502

483

474

460

447

447

434

421

408

396

384

384

384

372

372

372

367

713

681

650

650

650

63<<

650

650

650

634

619

634

689

713

730

730

763

780

798

780

780

746

730

697

681

619

574

559

544

Nov.

360

360

358

363

367

358

349

347

345

345

335

325

t

530

530

. 516

502

502

502

516

559

559

574

697

780

815

850

850

886

815

780

746

697

589

604

R1Q

666

787

787

700

733

707

Dec.

315

305

290

*

697

697

697

681

-681

650

634

589

589

559

R4d

530

530

502

CO9

502

502

488

488

474

474

460

460

460

460

454

447

Jan.

300

325

320

447

447

447

447

434

434

421

421

421

421

412

402

406

411

416

421

d.91

421

491

4.04

434

A*>A

447

447

447

434

A*)A

434

421

191

Feb.

310

345

365

408

408

QQft

OQfl

396

376

376

375

375

375

375

07 c

375

07 e

97K

- 370

q7f\

370

370

Q7f\

370

07 n

*>7f\

*>7f\

*>7f\

370

*>7f\

Mar.

370

400

415

370

370

370

370

370

368

364

360

360

355

349

«MQ

349

348

348

350

oert

350

OKft

360

372

VQA

384

396

408

434

460

488

Apr.

555

845

690

516

544

589

650

697

780

850

961

1,060

1,140

1,220

1,470

1,520

1,620

1,7<20

1,770

1,770

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,820

1,920

2.080

2 9ftO

2,140

2,020

1,820

1,620

1,520

1,370

May.

474

447

447

474

502

502

559

619

634

634

604

589

589

574

559

619

650

666

650

619

666

730

746

780

798

763

697

619

574

488

447

1,270

1,170

1,120

1,040

1,000

961

1,040

1,420

1 Q9ft

780

730

681

619

604

681

7on

746

746

746

713

681

681

710

697

710

746

746

746

746

June.

408

372

358

338

328

474

681

713

713

666

619

589

589

604

589

559

530

502

530

559

604

589

559

516

460

408

372

O79

370

681

713

730

746

710

«Q7

681

681

681

ftefl

619

619

666

717

780

815

fil f\

815

780

746

730

711

697

710

697

fiO7

July.

324

308

300

306

316

318

306

298

285

271

308

421

474

474

681

815

886

886

886

850

780

713

619

574

544

516

474

447

421

396

396

815

886

QO«J

1,000

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,040

923

815

746

634

530

474

502

AQQ

488

474

460

421

OQfi

384

«>7Q

^79

746

746

697

650

574

All?.

318

396

516

666

746

780

798

798

763

713

634

544

474

421

421

447

434

408

384

363

345

328

310

324

345

347

349

O^C

367

396

384

516

447

A*tA

*>QA

367

363

367

372

O«Q

358

349

<U1

ooo

099

365

177

372

358

04O

909

094

onrt

019

OAO

304

9Q8

308

Sept..

370

341

312

308

298

282

275

271

271

263

263

263

265

341

589

697

780

850

886

850

798

730

650

589

544

604

650

681

713

713

ooft

332

099

328

354

VT>

502

find.

619

604

589

589

619

634

650

650

a en

RIO

589

544

CAA

530

530

CftO

WV>

604

589

574

UA

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice No 10,1916. *_ , 11,1914, to Apr. 30,1915, and Nov. 26,1915, to Apr.
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 131

Monthly discharge of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis. for the period Sept. 18, 1914,

to Sept. 30,1916.

[Drainage area, 422 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

September 18-30. ..............................

1914-15.

May.. .........................................

July...........................................

1915-16.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

619

502 

367

798 

713 

886 

798 

886

886

798 

886 

697 

447 

408 

488 

2,200 

1.420 

815 

1.120 

516 

650

2,200

Minimum.

424

367

447 

328 

271 

310 

263

263

544 

502 

447 

402 

370 

348 

516 

604 

619 

372 

298 

322

298

Mean.

526

423 

338 

303 

315 

327 

396 

697 

604 

511 

503 

479 

515

452

677 

676 

543 

429 

378 

382 

1,420 

839 

715 

672 

363 

533

635

Per 

square 

mile.

125

1.00 

.801 

.718 

.746 

.775 

.938 

1.65 

1.43 

1.21 

1.19 

1.14 

1.22

1.07

1.60 

1.60 

1.29 

1.02 

.896 

.905 

3.36 

1.99 

1.69 

1.59 

.860 

1.26

1.50

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.60

1.15

.89 

.83 

.86 

.84 

1.08 

1.84 

1.65 

1.35 

1.37 

1.31 

1.36

14.53

1.84 

1.78 

1.49 

1.18 

.97 

1.04 

3.75 

2.29 

1.89 

1.83 

.99 

1.41

20.46

PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MERRILL, WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 20 and 29, T. 32 N., R. 7 E., at highway bridge 

4$ miles northeast of Merrill, Lincoln County, and about 5$ miles above mouth 

of river. Haymeadow Creek enters from left about 5 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 164 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 18, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Mrs. Meta Krause.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low stages made by wading; at medium and high 

stages made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; clean and free from vegetation. 

Left bank high and not subject to overflow; banks wooded. Control not well defined.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.1 feet at 8 a. m. 

April 22 (discharge, 2,290 second-feet); minimum discharge, 73 second-feet 

March 17-20.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet April 22, 1916 (discharge, 2,290 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 72 second-feet, recorded by discharge measurement made January 4,1915. Absolute minimum occurred during winter 1914-15 

and was probably somewhat less than 72 second-feet.

REGULATION . None.
132 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well denned between 103 and 2,200 second-feet. Gage read once a day to half tenths. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating curve, except for 

periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

ascertained by applying to rating table daily gage heights corrected for ice effect 

by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Records excellent for all open-water periods; good for winter periods.

Discharge measurements of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Jan. 15a........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.88

1.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

100

82

Date. Gage 

height.

 Feet. 

1.73

5.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

77

1,920

Date.

June 20.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

396

a Control partly covered with ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.......... ...

7..............

8..............

9..............

10...'...........

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.......... ...

23..............

24.. ...........

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

103

101

103

106

110

110

118

115

106

110

115

244

313

366

348

296

313

348

330

278

244

212

212

198

184

159

159

137

137

137

Nov.

133

122

118

118

115

103

101

106

110

133

244

738

696

738

696

696

696

696

655

655

421

278

212

198

184

348

535

496

384

348

Dec.

296

244

228

212

172

159

159

148

148

159

148

137

133

128

137

118

122

137

137

133

137

137

133

122

118

115

115

110

Jan.

122

128

118

118

110

106

106

106

103

101

97

Q7

inn

100

inn

100

103

103

103

110

106

103

110

115

115

106

Q7

93

Feb.

91

89

86

86

86

83

83

83

83

83

80

80

80

SO

80

SO

80

Rfl

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

83

86

86

86

Mar.

86

86

83

81

81

81

81

81

79

77

77

77

77

77

77

75

73

7<?

73

73

77

77

77

81

86

91

103

137

184

313

Apr.

421

655

870

781

696

fl!4

614

535

574

614

696

1060

1060

963

916

870

870

825

1,110

1,780

2,290

1,860

1,280

916

781

655

574

574

May.

496

458

421

384

330

244

278

278

278

261

313

278

244

313

458

402

384

330

313

296

330

330

313

313

330

313

313

278

261

296

278

June.

278

781

963

870

738

574

574

535

535

496

421

348

313

384

440

574

614

574

421

384

278

244

212

212

313

313

278

296

366

July.

384

366

278

278

184

148

137

118

122

118

128

118

110

106

115

128

159

159

159

148

133

122

118

115

128

118

128

198

184

159

159

Aug.

137

133

118

110

106

115'

115

. 133

122

118

11^

118

122

118

115

110

110

106

103

103

106

103

101

97

Q7

93

97

97

101

97

93

Sept.

137

172

159

159

133

118

184

184

212

184

159

159

159

1 TO

I'M

184

172

I'M

159

137

137

159

184

172

I'M

184

296

384

440

402

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 4 to Apr. 4.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 133

Monthly discharge of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 164 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

402 

738 

296 

128 

91 

313 

2,290 

496 

963 

384 

137 

440

2.290

Minimum.

101 

101 

110 

93 

80 

73 

421 

244 

212 

106 

93 

118

73

Mean.

200 

369 

149 

106 

82.6 

93.9 

899 

326 

456 

162 

110 

192

261

Per 

square 

mile.

1.22 

2.25 

.909 

.646 

.504 

.573 

5.48 

1.99 

2.78 

.988 

.671 

1.17

1.59

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.41

2.51 

1.05 

.74 

.54 

.66 

6.11 

2.29 

3.10 

1.14 

.77 

1.30

21.62

LITTLE RIB RIVER NEAR WAUSATT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 29, T. 29 N., R. 7 E., at second highway bridge above mouth, a 

mile above junction with Rib River and about 3J miles west of Wausau, Marathon County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 76 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 10, 1914, to July 8, 1916, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge, read by Erwin 

Hartwig.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge during high 

water; at low and medium stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and sand. Control small rapids 

on each side of small island about 20 feet below gage. Banks brush covered; 

left bank high and not subject to overflow; right bank low above gage and will 

be overflowed around right end of bridge during exceptionally high water.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.22 feet at 6.30 

a. m. March 31 (discharge, 1,870 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.1 

feet at 6 p. m. October 3 (discharge, 11 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 9.85 feet at 6 p. m. June 4, 1914 (discharge, about 1,880 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water 

periods, 1.18 feet August 6-9, 1915 (discharge, about 6 second-feet); mean of 4 

second-feet was estimated for period February 21 to 28, 1914.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Control shifting. Two rating 

curves used as follows: October 1 to December 31, fairly well defined between 

11 and 830 second-feet; March 27 to July 8, poorly defined between 13 and 

1,520 second-feet. Gage read twice a day to quarter tenths. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating curve. Records 

fair.
134 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by W. G. Hoyt.]

Date.

Apr. 1....... .................

1. .......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.02

7.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,480

1,390

Date.

June 19.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

64

Daily discharge in second-feet, of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. ...................................

3....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10.............................-:.....

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29.................................. .

30....................................

31....................................

Oct.

12

12

11

13

13

14

14

15

15

14

14

16

125

1Af\

57

33

qq

19*;

94 f{

lie

71

rc

AFi

q/5

qq

' 30

OQ

26

24

22

91

Nov.

21

20

20

18

16

16

16

19

20

20

400

482

155

110

90

76

82

63

110

148

96

110

C7

CO

245

200

170

Dec.

96

110

50

43

38

50

33

34

31

42

26

23

30

21

18

18

20

21

21

21

21

21

22

22

21

21

20

21

22

99

Mar.

340

688

1,370

1,700

Apr.

1.370

1.250

888

438

324

228

220

172

157

180

276

324

260

244

212

196

252

164

164

474

1,130

1,050

456

260

196

164

122

122

93

150

May.

122

91

66

73

66

68

58

50

45

58

56

36

31

46

260

172

122

91

75

66

54

136

115

74

62

73

66

49

42

43

35

June.

33

420

456

188

115

. 91

100

- 514

276

180

136

108

87

81

91

136

108

79

66

50

40

35

36

36

31

276

164

78

91

292

July.

534

474

172

129

83

69

63

49

"

NOTE. No records Jan. 1 to Mar. 26.

Monthly discharge of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 76 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................... ...

November. ....................................

March 27-31.. .................................

April..........................................

May..

June...........................................

July 1-8. ......................................

, , ! iJ^ __U._ _^_^^_~i__.,.._._ .*._....

Discharge in second-feet.

Jftpchtmm.

245 

482 

110 

1,700 

1,370 

260 

514 

534

]Ur"*T""in11 

16 

18 

164 

93 

31 

31 

49

Mean.

46.1 

115 

31.6 

852 

385 

77.1 

146 

197

Per 

square 

mile.

0.606 

1.51 

.416 

11.2 

5.07 

1.01 

1.92 

2.69

Run-off" 

(depth in' 

incbes on 

drainage 

area).

0.70 

1.69 

.48 

2.08 

5.66 

1.16 

2.14 

.77
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIH. 135

EATJ CLAIRE RIVER AT KELLY, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 13, T. 28 N., R. 8 E., at highway bridge, three-fourths of a mile 

below Kelly, Marathon County, about a mile above mouth of Big Sandy Creek, 

which enters from the right, and 4J miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 326 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read by H. A. 

La Certe.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge at medium and 

high stages; by wading below bridge at low stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and rock. Gage is in the rapids which form 

the control. Banks medium high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.1 feet April 22 

and 23 (discharge, 3,270 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 40 secondfeet January 14, 17, and 18.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 5.1 feet April 22 and 23,1916 (discharge, 

3,270 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 0.45 foot, August 13, 

14, 15, October 2, 3, 1914 (discharge, about 40 second-feet). Discharge January 

14, 17, and 18, 1916, was estimated at 40 second-feet; discharge for winter period 

probably somewhat below this figure.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned between 71 and 3,150 second-feet. Gage read twice 

daily, except Sundays, to quarter-tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for periods in which stagedischarge relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying 

to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect, by discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge for practically all 

Sundays interpolated. Records for open-water periods good; for winter period fair. 

Owing to revision of rating curve on basis of high-water measurements made in 

1916, discharge for 1914, above 1,200 second-feet as published in Water-Supply 

Paper 385 is too small. The error varies from about 2 per cent at a stage of 1,200 

second-feet to 16 per cent at the maximum stage of 2,120 second-feet. The 

published mean discharge for June, 1914 is 5 per cent too small.

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 11<»

Mar. 16«

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.80

1.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

41

66

74

Date.

Apr. 1

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt............

W.G.Hoyt.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.58

4.90

2.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,720

3,040

784

o Made through complete ice cover; partial ice cover on control.
136 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&16, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ...... .......

2..............

S. ....... .....

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

VS.. ............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

82

78

a 78

79

85

78

93

94

94

o99

104

104

182

238

238

210

267

416

390

390

300

267

210

155

155

155

129

129

*129

Nov.

129

129

129

114

104

104

ol03

102

96

106

182

QOC

925

o832

738

557

443

390

365

365

300

238

182

182

a 182

182

182

Dec.

182

182

182

"182

182

155

116

102

91

086

82

84

84

84

89

87

85

81

71

75

79

o78

o 77

70

71

67

64

60

Jan.

o60

65

64

60

56

50

46

045

44

43

40

41

40

40

40

51

64

67

71

08!

91

78

78

58

56

57

47

Feb.

45

45

46

46

,47

a 49

52

54

58

65

66

. 65

o63

62

60

58

56

54

52

o50

47

in

53

57

61

59

o56

53

50

Mar.

49

51

54

57

o60

63

58

53

54

55

63

o71

78

76

75

74

81

88

o94

100

106

112

118

124

124

o!83

240

300

443

800

1,180

Apr.

1,550

a2,000

2,450

2,560

2,040

1,550

1,290

1,130

1,130

925

1,060

1,130

1,210

1,210

1,130

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,130

2,140

3,030

3,150

2,450

1,940

1,370

1,060

862

708

617

557

May.

499

499

443

390

320

300

320

300

300

320

340

320

365

471

677

738

708

587

499

390

390

499

587

617

499

443

390

300

267

267

238

June.

210

708

1.290

1,130

990

677

647

1,370

1,130

1,060

800

677

443

557

1,290

1,290

1,130

o919

708

528

300

340

320

300

o292

284

300

284

300

340

July.

320

o302

284

252

224

196

182

168

o!62

155

155

129

119

116

155

0248

340

' 267

238

224

210

196

0176

155

- 155

119

129

182

155

ol42

129

Aug.

129

129

142

129

129

ol29

129

129

142

142

142

142

129

129

129

116

104

100

89

088

87

84

84

87

87

87

o84

82

85

85

85

Sept.

89

87

o94

100

104

106

196

196

182

ol68

155

155

210

210

ol96

182

196

168

155

168

155

o!48

142

557

557

443

416

a Gage not read; discharge interpolated. 

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 31.

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 326 square miles.]

\

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

416 

925 

182 

91 

66 

1,180 

3,150 

738 

1,370 

340 

142 

557

3,150

Minimum.

78 

96 

60 

40 

45 

49 

557 

238 

210 

116 

82 

87

40

Mean.

178 

302 

105 

55.8 

54.4 

164 

1,490 

428 

690 

193 

111 

203

329

Per 

square 

mile.

0.546 

.926 

.322 

.171 

.167 

.503 

4.57 

1.31 

2.12 

.592 

.340 

.623

1.01

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.63 

1.03 

.37 

.20 

.18 

.58 

5.10 

1.51 

2.36 

.68 

.39 

70

13.73
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 137

BIG EATT PLEINE RIVER NEAR STRATFORD, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 13, T. 27 N., R. 3 E., at highway bridge at a place known locally 

as Weber Farm, about 1 mile above Chicago & Northwestern Railway bridge 

and about 2 miles north of Stratford, Marathon County. Dill Creek enters from 

the right about 5 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AKEA. 223 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geol. and 

Nat. Hist. Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECOKDS AVAILABLE. July 24, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Sloping gage reading from 1.0 to 15.6 feet, on right bank of river and vertical 

staff gage, reading from 15 to 18 feet, at upper end of sloping gage; read by Christian 

Weber.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low stages made by wading about 1,000 feet 

below gage; at medium and high stages made at the highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTKOL. Very heavy gravel and rock; control at head of rapids 400 

feet below gage. Banks at gage are high and will be overflowed only at stage of 

about 15 feet and above.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.85 feet at 6 p. m. 

April 21 (discharge, 5,540 second-feet); minimum open-water stage, 1.5 feet, 

August and September (discharge, 7 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 8.85 feet at 6 p. m. April 21 (discharge 

5,540 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 3.0 second-feet, by current-meter 

measurement February 5, 1915. The flood of June, 1914, reached a maximum 

height of 20.7 feet as determined by levels run to high-water marks.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve fairly well denned between 5 and 43 second-feet; well denned 

between 200 and 4,000 second-feet; poorly denned between 43 and 200 secondfeet. Gage read twice daily to quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating tabje, except March 30 to April 7, when stagedischarge relation was affected by ice, for which it was estimated. Records good 

for high stages during open-water periods; for medium and low stages fair.

Discharge measurements of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

June 21

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt...........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.40

2.09

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

3,670

81

Date.

Aug. 18o

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.76

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

14

a Made by wading 500 feet below gage.
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.................. ...........

2.............................

3.............................

4.............................

5.............................

6.............................

7.................... .........

8.............................

9.............................

10.............................

11.............................

12.............................

13...........................

14........................... .

15.............................

16.............................

17.............................

18.............................

19.............................

20.............................

21........................... .

22.............................

23.............................

24............................

25.............................

26.............................

27...........................

28........................... .

29.............................

30.............................

31.............................

Oct.

15

15

15

15

15

1Q

99

99

26

26

26

7ftn

fr-io

244

542

970

642

Ooo

189

111

110

87

66

54

49

00

36

Nov.

31

28

26

9ft

26

25

22

22

26

,00

1,890

1,730

79ft

403

280

OQQ

1 0 A

168

O1 ft

OQO

91 n

991

184

194

1,330

1,570

840

007

Dec.

280

189

120

80

60

4O

43

43

36

36

91

31

25

99

99

99

99

22

Mar.

4,920

Apr.

3,650

2,690

2,050

1,330

1,180

840

668

591

494

720

840

780

790

616

668

616

1,730

4

QOft

1,410

780

dXM

272

180

258

May.

258

205

168

138

116

103

87

87

81

103

116

87

67

132

780

591

424

310

222

180

155

272

363

249

192

258

258

218

162

205

222

June.

155

2,490

1,490

780

424

258

258

1,970

1,110

591

327

212

143

120

116

180

198

180

120

81

61

43

34

28

26

720

780

382

266

310

July.

363

344

272

162

98

61

43

30

22

18

16

14

11

11

57

40

34

34

26

18

14

12

11

9

9

9

9

9

8

7

7

Aug.

7

7

77

138

162

103

198

116

43

61

143

73

40

28

26

22

18

18

14

14

11

11

9

9

9

9

9

7

7

7

7

Sept.

7

7

7

7

7

7

424

382

168

87

61

57

125

138

132

143

125

143

98

73

61

77

125

103

73

57

494

1,180

382

205

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 19 to Apr. 7. No gage-height record Dec. 19 to 

Mar. 29.

Monthly discharge of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 223 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

June ..........................................

July.......................:....... ..... ... .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

970 

1,890 

280 

4,920 

780 

2,490 

363 

198 

1,180

Minimum.

15 

22 

22

180 

67 

26 

7 

7 

7

Mean.

198 

403 

62.6 

1,150 

220 

462 

57.4 

45.3 

165

Per

square 

mile.

0.888 

1.81 

.281 

5.16 

.987 

2.07 

.257 

.203 

.740

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.02 

2.02 

.188 

5.76 

1.14 

2.31 

.30 

.23 

.83
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 139

PLOVER RIVER NEAR STEVENS POINT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 24 N., R. 8 E., Portage County, at Fast Waters highway 

bridge, 7 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 136 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 5, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Metal vertical staff gage bolted to left abutment, downstream side of bridge; 

read by C. A. Van Order.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy grave/and small rock; permanent 

and free from vegetation. At high stages banks will be overflowed around bridge. 

Control not well denned but is probably small rapids below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.45 feet at 6 p. m. 

April 23 (discharge, 730 second-feet); minimum discharge 56 second-feet, recorded 

by measurement March 17; absolute minimum for winter probably somewhat less. 

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 4.75 feet, June 5, 1914 (discharge, about 

1,570 second-feet); minimum discharge 56 second-feet, by current-meter measurement March 17, 1916.

REGULATION. Two dams are used in connection with grist mills above station, but 

the plants have little pondage so that flow at gage, except for brief periods, is nearly 

natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 116 and 1,370 second-feet. Gage read twice daily to 

quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating curve, except during periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was determined by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Open-water records good, except at extremely low 

stages, when diurnal fluctuation may cause some error; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 10o

Made by Gage 

height.

Feel. 

1.42

2.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

87

82

Date.

Mar. 18«

July 20

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.16

1.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

56

146

Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17...............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.. ...........

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. ............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

100

100

100

108

93

93

116

108

100

100

100

100

116

116

116

116

134

125

134

163

173

153

134

134

116

108

108

116

100

116

116

Nov.

116

108

108

108

100

100

116

116

116

357

239

216

216

173

125

144

125

173

173

173

134

116

134

153

194

216

216

144

134

Dec.

144

134

144

134

134

134

134

125

144

125

108

108

108

108

116

108

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

93

93

86

86

86

86

86

Jan.

86

86

93

93

100

87

86

86

81

81

86

93

100

108

116

134

144

153

163

173

173

184

184

173

153

134

125

116

108

100

93

Feb.

86

86

86

86

86

81

81

81

81

82

81

81

81

86

86

93

93

100

108

116

116

116

116

116

116

108

108

108

108

Mar.

100

93

86

76

76

76

76

76

81

86

93

93

93

86

76

66

58

56

58

58

62

66

76

86

100

125

153

173

194

239

Apr.

332

394

370

332

308

285

274

308

308

285

285

285

274

285

285

285

296

285

308

466

522

711

711

580

522

410

332

285

285

308

May.

308

285

239

228

228

228

239

239

216

205

216

194

205

216

250

308

308

285

228

205

239

239

308

308

308

216

239

216

216

184

173

June.

173

308

410

438

424

332

410

466

551

641

551

466

410

332

332

332

357

357

308

332

285

239

239

228

205

228

216

216

239

239

/

July.

262

262

262

216

194

205

216

194

153

173

163

173

153

153

116

153

173

173

153

153

144

144

134

144

134

134

134

153

134

100

153

Aug.

134

134

116

153

153

144

134

125

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

116

134

134

125

116

116

125

100

108

116

125

116

116

108

125

134

Sept.

108

116

100

116

116

134

134

153

125

134

134

163

205

173

153

153

153

163

153

134

134

134

125

125

125

116

239

205

173

173

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 12 to Apr. 6.

Monthly discharge of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 80,

1916.

[Drainage area, 136 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

173 

357 

144 

184 

116 

285 

711 

308 

641 

262 

153 

239

711

Minimum.

93

100 

86 

81 

' 81 

56 

274 

173 

173 

100 

100 

100

56

Mean.

" 117 

155 

110 

119 

95.6 

101 

364 

241 

342 

168 

127 

146

173

Per 

square 

mile.

0.860 

1.14 

.809 

.875 

.703 

.743 

2.68 

1.77 

2.51 

1.24 

.934 

1.07

1.27

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.99 

1.27 

.93 

1.01 

.76 

.86 

2.99 

2.04 

2.80 

1.43 

1.08 

1.19

17.35
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 141

BARABOO RIVER NEAR BARABOO, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 12 N., R. 7 E., at highway bridge 4 miles downstream 

from Baraboo, Sauls County, 3 miles below creek rising near Devils Lake, coming 

in from the right, and 15 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 572 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 18, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Miss Agnes 

Schneider.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge to 

which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and silt; no well-defined control. 

Water is confined to one channel except at extreme flood stages when right bank 

is overflowed, the flood plain being about 1,000 feet wide.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 12.75 feet at 5.05 

p. m., March 27 and 7.50 a. m., June 6, 1916 (discharge,2,480 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.71 foot, at 7.30 a. m., July 6,, 1916 (discharge 76 second-feet).

REGULATION. In the vicinity of Baraboo, 4 miles above station are four dams, and 

there is one at Reedsburg, 18 miles above station. Smaller plants are also 

operated on the tributaries. The operation of these various plants causes diurnal fluctuation at the gage of about 0.3 foot at low-water stages. Estimates of 

mean monthly discharge probably represent nearly the natural flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water of March, 1916. 

Rating curve used October 1 to March 6, fairly well defined between 148 and 

825 second-feet; extended and roughly approximate above and below these 

limits. Curve used March 7 to September 30, fairly well defined between 167 

and 2,600 second-feet. Gage read to quarter tenths twice daily. Discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained 

by applying to rating table mea'n daily gage heights corrected for backwater 

from ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Open-water records good, except for low stages, for which they are 

fair; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 27

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.13

4.72

12.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

225

* 2,460

Date.

Aug. 8

Sept. 22

22

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.29

2.08

2.14

Dis- . 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,010

206

207

o Open channel at gage section nearly complete ice cover downstream from gage.
142 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8... ...........

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

Oct.

379

337

267

281

295

274

281

267

246

220

220

239

260

309

295

260

260

295

344

316

274

274

246

239

232

239

232

232

239

239

200

Nov.

182

196

196

246

226

213

200

178

174

274

1.040

1,220

1,250

1,250

875

505

379

351

421

463

477

477

463

379

379

491

875

950

826

605

Dec.

463

393

365

393

288

220

281

309

288

253

267

260

203

239

260

281

281

267

212

226

260

281

232

239

220

177

199

316

253

232

Jan.

232

309

393

358

323

407

351

302

226

167

177

200

188

126

167

139

157

167

177

157

200

379

568

900

1,040

1,220

1,430

1,600

1,520

1,280

1,250

Feb.

1,190

568

407

379

351

323

295

267

253

253

253

253

253

253

253

253

281

323

379

449

491

505

505

505

491

379

323

309

295

Mar.

267

267

253

253

253

239

273

315

246

452

542

527

915

1,110

1,230

990

950

662

392

329

422

422

422

512

1,110

2,120

2,460

2,290

2.180

1, 960

1,330

Apr.

849

707

632

587

527

467

422

378

329

294

329

322

350

336

322

350

392

437

692

1,110

1,070

1,090

1.030

817

587

452

452

422

392

378

May.

677

865

817

677

512

407

364

378

336

336

301

280

301

437

833

990

1.110

990

602

407

350

407

452

437

392

350

301

294

301

294

252

June.

266

881

1,130

1,730

2,320

2,460

2,260

1,730

1,260

1,070

1,010

817

587

482

392

378

407

378

350

350

308

301

287

273

246

315

252

287

280

246

July.

232

206

178

220

226

195

200

130

162

186

213

246

246

252

213

183

157

193

162

174

166

140

112

125

130

101

103

105

104

100

114

Aug.

122

128

157

226

737

1,190

1,030

990

833

602

849

587

647

542

350

266

220

213

188

164

176

186

199

176

178

171

148-

147

172

184

176

Sept.

172

153

150

144

301

392

898

950

542

364

252

273

315

301

308

273

226

200

232

232

213

200

198

154

178

198

452

512

572

557

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 1 to Mar. 6.

Monthly discharge of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 572 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

379 

1,250 

463 

1,600 

1,190 

2,460 

1,110 

1,110 

2,460 

252 

1,190 

950

2,460

Minimum.

200 

174 

177 

126 

253 

239 

294 

252 

246 

100 

122 

144

100

Mean.

267 

525 

274 

520 

381 

828 

551 

498 

768 

170 

386 

330

458

Per 

square 

mile.

0.467 

. .918 

.479 

.909 

.666 

1.45 

.963 

.871 

1.34 

.297 

.675 

.577

.801

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.54 

1.02 

.55 

1.05 

.72 

1.67 

1.07 

1.00 

1.50 

.34 

.78 

.64

10.88
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 143

KICKAPOO RIVER AT GAYS HILLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 28, T. ION., R. 4 W., at highway bridge immediately below the 

Norwood mill, in the town of Gays Mills, Crawford County, about 25 miles above 

mouth of river and 2 miles below mouth of Tainter Creek, which enters from 

the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 629 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 25, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; read by N. T. Norwood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge at medium and 

high-water stages; low-water measurements made by wading a short distance 

downstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock covered by a deposit of sand; 

banks at gage section fairly high and not subject to overflow at ordinary highwater stages. Control at head of small rapids about 300 feet below gage, fairly 

permanent; the plotting of the discharge measurements indicates that at a stage 

of about 2 feet on the gage the control is changed to some point below, causing a 

reversal in the curve.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.00 feet at 6 

a. m. June 4 (discharge, about 3,460 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 

190 second-feet January 12.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.00 feet at 6 a. m. June 4, 1916 (discharge, about 3,460 second-feet); minimum discharge for open-water periods, 

0.86 foot at 8 a. m. November 29, 1914 (discharge, 201 second-feet). Absolute 

minimum probably about 100 second-feet, and occurred during the latter part 

of January, 1915.

REGULATION. Mills at Gays Mills just above station, Soldiers Grove, about 7 miles 

upstream, and at several points above Soldiers Grove use comparatively little 

storage, so that the recorded flow past the station represents nearly natural conditions. During low stages a small diurnal fluctuation is observed at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably not permanent. Rating curve as 

used for 1916 well denned between 211 and 485 second-feet; fairly well defined 

between 485 and 1,340 second-feet; extended above 1,340 second-feet. Gage 

read twice a day to quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained as follows: October 1 

to January 4, March l-24,^and May 25 to September 30, mean daily gage heights 

applied to rating curve. Discharge January 5 to February 29 ascertained by 

applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for backwater from 

ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

March 25 to May 25, indirect method used. Open-water records for low and 

medium stages, except during April and May, good; records for April, May, and 

for high stages and winter period, poor.

Discharge measurements of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 28

Made by 

M.F. Rather..........

E. L. Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.70

5 44

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

322

1,100

Date.

May 25

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt. ...........

~ Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.56

1.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

380

481

o Incomplete ice cover at and below control.
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis..for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

3..............

5..............

7..............

10..............

12..............

1O

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

in

20..............

21..............

22..............

OO

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

405

405

405

405

392

380

380

380

368

368

325

340

380

405

450

380

399

418

450

418

380

355

340

325

380

325

325

oin

one:

Nov.

310

295

310

265

295

295

295

295

310

310

850

971

620

500

405

405

405

510

450

405

430

470

527

cnn

Dec.

405

355

380

392

368

368

355

355

355

355

340

355

355

340

325

355

355

355

355

one

325

310

oify

310

Olft

01 A

ooe

Jan.

418

545

518

405

365

" 331

322

206

214

198

216

190

265

292

289

283

270

232

OQC

280

405

1,060

1,100

1,130

1,400

1,580

1 Q7H

1,160

Feb.

790

525

510

470

450

430

405

380

355

325

295

265

237

265

470

1,300

1,200 i nfift

525

518

485

405

380

Mar.

392

355

340

340

340

355

340

340

340

510

518

560

1,100

1,200

1,060

522

460

418

418

478

500

522

485

1,960

2,010

485

A KO

enft

Apr.

518

485

405

380

380

340

310

280

280

280

295

295

280

280

280

310

430

405

470

760

730

525

430

380

392

368

368

OQO

May.

522

485

430

380

380

368,

355

340

310

340

325

310

325

418

532

522

450

418

392

392

392

405

450

392

380

380

380

368

355

355

340

June.

340

2,060

3,260

3,360

1,810

575

527

730

971

760

545

522

510

510

525

525

527

518

510

440

440

518

470

510

500

478

492

478

418

July.

405

368

368

340

340

340

340

340

340

310

310

365

368

340

325

340

340

- 340

368

310

310

295

265

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

Aug.

280

265

280

280

560

971

595

392

340

380

418

430

355

340

325

310

310

310

295

295

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

Sept.

295

280

265

280

280

325

910

510

418

340

355

418

460

418

340

340

325

310

310

310

310

310

310

295

310

310

620

575

478

392

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 5 to Feb. 29. Discharge Oct. 17 interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, R29 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

450 

971 

405 

1,760 

1,300 

2,010 

760 

532 

3,360 

405 

971 

910

3,360

Minimum.

295 

265 

310 

190 

237 

340 

280 

310 

340 

265 

265 

265

190

Mean.

372 

447 

345 

608 

534 

666 

398 

393 

807 

322 

349 

380

468

Per 

square 

mile.

0.591 

.711 

.548 

.967 

.849 

1.06 

.633 

.625 

1.28 

.512 

.555 

.604

.744

Run-off 

(depth in , 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

.79 

.63 

1.11 

.92 

1.22 

.71 

.72 

1.43 

.59 

.64 

.67

10.11
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 145

TURKEY RIVER AT GARBER, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 36, T. 92 N., R. 4 W.. at single-span highway bridge at Garber, 

Clay ton County, about 800 feet above mouth of Wayne Creek, which enters from 

right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,530 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale I to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 29, 1913, to September 30, 1916, except October 1, 

1914, to March 30. 1915, when station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to handrail on downstream side of bridge; read once 

daily by E. J. Prolow.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge and at low water by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed is composed of sand and mud; channel shifting. 

Right bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank will be overflowed only 

at extreme high stage or at gage height about 21 feet.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.0 feet at 7 p. m., 

June 3; minimum stage recorded, 3.55 feet, September 4-6. The highest stage 

within the last 20 years probably occurred May 18,1902, when a stage representing 

about 23.7 feet referred to the gage datum was reached, as indicated by the highwater marks on A. F. Grafe's residence in Garber.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued.

REGULATION. An electric-light plant and gristmill at Elkader probably cause a slight 

daily fluctuation.

Data inadequate for determining estimates of discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. Herlofson:

July 22, 1916: Gage height, 4.38 feet; discharge, 546 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO,

Day.

1. ..................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

1 ^

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20. ..................

21...................

23...................

25...................

26. ..................

27...................

28...................

29............. ......

30. ..................

31............ ......

Oct.

4.6

A e

4.5

5.3

4.8

4 <;

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4 9

4.2

4.3

4.6

5.0

5.1

4 9

4.6

4.4

4 1

4.2

4 1

4 0

3

QC

3 9

3

n

3.85

3.85

Nov.

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.7

3.75

& e

7.2

5.9

5.5

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.6

4 9

4 9

4" 9

4.2

4 9

4 9

Dec.

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

3 Q

3.9

3 Q

3.85

3 DC

3 DC

3.85

3 DC

3.85

3 DC

3 Q

3 9

4.4

5.1

5 4

5 4

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4 6

Mar.

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

3

QC

6.5

5

0

17.0

20.0

17.4

9.1

7.0

6.2

5

0

% 7

Apr.

5.8

5.7

5.5

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.7

5.3

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.7

4.7

4.8

5.0

4 9

S 4

7 c

7.2

S

o

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.8

May.

5.2

5.3

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.1

3.85

3 DC

6.5

7.1

6 4

5.9

5.4

5.1

4.7

4.6

5.1

5.7

<; 4

5

0

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.4

4

e

June.

4.4

19.6

18.3

9.8

7.4

6 4

6.0

6.3

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.4

5 9

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.0

5.0

4.8

e 9

4.9

4.8

6.8

6.1

5.1

4.8

4.8

July.

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.8

4.7

4.6

4 5

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.3

4 1

4.4

i. °.

4 4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

Aug.

4.0

3.8

3.7

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.2

3.95

3.9

3.85

3.95

3.95

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.8

3.75

3.75

3 7

3.7

3.65

3.65

3 fie

3.65

3.8

Sept.

3.75

3.7

3.7

3.55

3.55

3.55

4.8

4.2

4.0

3.95

3.85

3.9

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.9

3.85

3.75

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.75

4.4

4.3

4.0

4 0

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16 to about Feb. 29. 

6342° 18 WSP 435 10
146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

MAQUOKETA RIVER BELOW MOUTH OF NORTH FORK OF MAQUOKETA RIVER, NEAR

MAQUOKETA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In the southwest corner of the NE. \ sec. 17, T. 84 N., R. 3 E., at Bridgeport Bridge, about 3 miles northeast of Maquoketa, Jackson County; 1,200 feet 

above mouth of Mill Creek, which enters from the right, and 2 miles below 

mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000). Drainage area at mouth, 1,960 square 

miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 1, 1913, to September 30, 1916, except October, 

1914, to March 20, 1915, when station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge 100 feet from right 

abutment; read once daily by John Strodthoff.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

.CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of sand; shifting. Two channels 

at all stages except above 12-foot stage above which there is overflow under'piletrestle approach on the left side.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.0 feet at 8 a. m., 

March 27 (discharge, 21,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.8 feet, September 19 (discharge, 340 second-feet).

Prior to 1916: Maximum stage about 23.5 feet, probably in 1905 (discharge, 

about 24,300 second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used during 

1916; October 1 to March 27, well defined between 325 and 20,000 second-feet; 

March 28 to September 30, well denned between 300 and 20,000 second-feet. 

Gage read once daily to hundredths. Discharge except as noted below ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating curve. December 16 to January 

20, and February 3-18, stage-discharge relation affected by ice; discharge based 

on observer's notes and weather records. Open-water records good; winter records 

roughly approximate.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. Herlofson: 

July 24,1916: Gage height, 2.48 feet; discharge, 580 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. 147

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River, near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1........ ......

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..... .........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19..............

21..............

22. .............

23. .............

24..............

25. .............

26. .............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

2,510

2,070

1,830

1,830

1,650

1,420

1,310

1,200

1.090

982

930

1,060

1,200

1 140

1,090

930

1,830

1,420

1,200

1,090

930

880

736

736

713

fiQft

Nov.

645

602

602

fiO9

602

602

602

EC!

602

AQft

1,310

QQO

831

783

736

736

736

fiQft

645

690

fion

1 KA{\

1,260

1,090

930

Dec.

783

690

690

645

602

602

602

561

561

EC!

561

435

A(\n

450

Jan.

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

800

700

600

500

400

1,000

8,300

8,700

3,980

3,370

2,780

2 190

8,700

7,720

3,780

3,030

1,776

Feb.

831

690

600

500

400

1,000

2,000

2,440

3,030

3,300

2,570

4.190

3,160

2,320

1,540

930

783

783

Mar.

783

561

602

523

602

602

602

470

452

561

561

561

602

602

602

523

523

487

470

470

523

602

645

10,000

18,700

8,810

3,250

2,450

2,040

Apr.

1,990

1,930

1,700

1,590

1 480

1,320

1,220

1.110

1,060

959

909

909

860

860

909

909

909

959

1,010

1,010

959

886

812

765

719

719

675

632

632

May.

909

1,540

1,540

1,220

909

860

812

719

719

675

632

632

959

1,010

959

1,320

1.010

909

812

719

719

1,930

1.110

1,010

909

812

1,220

860

812

1,320

June.

1,010

6,280

5,170

2,570

1,820

1.430

1,370

1,990

2,160

1,870

1,480

1,270

1,110

1,220

1,010

1.270

1.160

1,110

1,010

959

909

860

1,110

812

765

765

812

909

812

719

July.

675

632

632

675

765

765

719

632

590

570

550

530

530

719

570

511

550

570

550

1,930

1.010

632

590

530

511

492

474

474

456

439

439

Aug.

' 439

439

2,820

632

511

550

474

439

439

388

422

439

439

422

405

439

439 405"

422

405

405

372

372

388

372

388

372

356

356

372

356

Sept.

422

405

372

405

812

675

550

492

439

405

388

405

388

372

372

372

372

340

372

356

372

356

356

356

388

719

719

530

-> 456

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dee. 16 to Jan. 20, and Feb. 3-16. Discharge interpolated, Oct. 13,30, Jan. 25, Apr. 23, July 11, and 25. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods included.

Monthly discharge of Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River, 

near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 80, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,600 square miles.]

Month.

November

May...................... .....................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,400 

1,650

8,700 

4,190 

18,700 

1,990 

1,930 

6,280 

1,930 

2,820 

812

18,700

Minimum.

690 

561

452 

632 

632 

719 

439 

356 

340

Mean.

1,310 

820 

521 

2,140 

1,220 

2,140 

1,050 

988 

1,520 

636 

499 

446

1,110

Per

square 

mile.

0.819 

.512 

.326 

1.34 

.762 

1.34 

.656 

,618 

.950 

.398 

.312 

.279

.694

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.94 

.57 

.38 

1.54 

.82 

1.54 

.73 

.71 

1.06 

.46 

.36 

.31

9.42
148 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

BOCK RIVER AT AETON, WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 22 and 27, T. 2 N., R. 12 E., at highway bridge in 

Afton, Rock County, about 9 miles above Illinois State line. Bass Creek enters 

from right three-fourths mile below station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,190 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 5, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; read by Albert Engelke.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge during medium 

and high stages; at low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks medium high and will not be overflowed to any 

extent at flood stages. Bed composed of gravel and clean silt; practically permanent. Control not well defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.12 feet at 8 a. m. 

April 1 and 3 (discharge, 9,080 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.70 foot 

at 7 a. m. July 16 (discharge, 519 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum discharge recorded, 9.88 feet at 4 p. m., September 13, 

19l5 (discharge, 10,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.5 foot at 7 a. m., 

August 16, 1914 (discharge, about 459 second-feet).

REGULATION. Operation of power plants at Janesville and above causes fluctuations 

at the gage during low stages.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between 

638 and 10,500 second-feet. Gage read twice daily, to hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating curve, except 

for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice 

effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Records for open-water periods good; for winter periods poor.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Afton, Wis., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

Date.

Feb. 15o

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet.

9 86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,760

Date.

Aug. 11

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

978

a Complete ice cover; ice jammed in long stretch of river below bridge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 149

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Afton, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Day.

1............

2.... ....

3........ .

4......... .

5........ .

6......

7........

- 8.. .

. 9..........

10.... ...

11....

12....

13.... . .

14..

15..

16........

17........ .

18.... .

19........

20..........

21........

22........ .

23..........

24........

25........

26........

27..........

28............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

5,810

5,420

5,160

4,770

4,400

3,920

3,800

3,680

3,240

3,040

2,940

2,850

2,760

2,670

2,580

2,310

2,310

2,140

2,220

2,060

1,980

1,820

1,980

1,980

1,820

1, 740

1,530

Nov.

1,600

1,500

1,710

1,530

1 w\

1,460

1,430

1,270

1,050

1,430

1,210

1,210

1,240

1,330

1,400

1,670

1,530

1,600

1,780

1 980

2,060

1,980

2,580

2,940

3, 140

3,450

3,450

Dec.

3,800

3,920

4,049

4,040

3,800

3,800

3,680

3,560

3,450

3,240

3,240

3,040

2,940

2,670

2,670

2,580

2,490

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,310

2,310

2,310

2,220

2,020

2.020

2,020

1,980

1,980

1,900

1 

' 860

Jan.

1,820

2,060

1,900

1,820

1,980

2,140

2,220

2,220

2,140

2,060

1,980

1,940

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,940

1,980

2,020

2,140

4,900

4,640

4,040

3,680

3,620

6,070

6,490

6,210

6,350

6,350

Feb.

6,350

6,350

6,350

6,210

6,210

6,070

5,940

5,680

5,420

5,160

4,900

4,770

4,400

4,160

3,800

3,680

3,240

3,040

2,940

2,850

2,760

2,670

2,580

2,490

2,490

2,900

2,670

Mar.

2,670

2,400

2,140

1,980

1,980

2,140

1,820

1,740

1,980

1,980

1,900

1,740

2,060

2,220

1,980

2,310

2,400

2,400

2,310

2,490

2,580

3,040

2,580

2,760

4,900

o,420

8,910

7,620

7,900

8,470

8,910

Apr.

9 9nn

9

Ofin

9,050

8,760

8,470

8,470

7 Ann

7,190

7,050

6,770

6,350

5 (MA

5,810

5,420

5,550

5,290

5,420

5,420

5,680

5,810

5,550

5,810

5,680

5,420

5,290

5,030

May.

5,810

5,680

5,680

5,550

5,420

5,550

5,550

5,420

5,030

4,640

4,400

4,400

4,280

4,160

3,920

3,560

3,680

3,680

3,450

3,340

3,240

3,450

3,040

3,040

2,850

2,940

2,850

2,760

2,850

2,580

2,670

June.

2,490

2,400

2,220

2,140

2,060

2,140

2,580

3,560

3,240

3,240

3,680

4,040

4,160

4,900

4,770

4,770

4,640

4,520

4,400

4,280

4,160

3,920

3,680

3,340

3,240

3,240

2,940

2,760

2,670

July.

2,490

2,310

2,310

1,980

1,980

1,900

1,780

1,620

1,460

1,460

1,260

1,000

875

779

608

541

710

769

751

751

714

608

811

825

737

696

733

665

737

852

Aug.

77Q

742

844

825

806

765

797

742

857

880

926

912

866

884

866

806

7O9

802

701

811

806

746

701

719

746

737

719

792

774

733

710

Sept.

737

656

710

746

788

769

792

792

848

783

1,040

1,430

1,170

1,500

1,320

1,230

1,100

1,400

1,090

1,000

1,030

1,040

975

985 i rifin

1,060

1,100

1,260

1,230

1,400

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11 to Feb. 29.

Monthly discharge of Rock River at Afton, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 3,190 square miles.]

Month.

April .........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,810 

3,450 

4,040 

6,490 

6,350 

8,910 

9,200 

5,810 

4,900 

2,490 

9?6 

1,500

9,200

Minimum.

1.530 

1J050 

1,860 

1,820 

2,490 

1,740 

5,030 

2,580 

2,060 

541 

701 

656

541

Mean.

2,980 

1,780 

2,810 

3,040 

4,240 

3,410 

6,730 

4,050 

3,500 

1,140 

793 

1,030

2,950

Per 

square 

mile.

0.934 

.558 

.881 

.953 

1.33 

1.07 

2.11 

1.27 

1.10 

.357 

.249 

.323

.925

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area) .

1.08 

.62 

1.02 

1.10 

1.43 

1.23 

2.35 

1.46 

1.23 

.41 

.29 

.36

12.58
150 , SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V. 

ROCK RIVER AT ROCKFORD, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 44 N., R. 1 E., at highway bridge at Nelson Avenue, Rockford, Winnebago County, about 1 mile below mouth of Kent Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,520 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Winton Burrows.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and rock; may shift in high stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.0 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 5.30 p. m, March 30, and 8 a. m. March 31 (discharge, 32,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage, 1.15 feet at 1.30 p. m. August 20 (discharge, 1,000 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded 15.5 feet February 15, 1915 (discharge 

not determined because of backwater from ice). Maximum stage recorded during open-water periods 13.0 feet March 30 and 31, 1916 (discharge, 32,000 secondfeet); minimum stage, 0.82 foot August 9, 1914 (discharge, 483 second-feet).

KEGULATION. Operation of power plant at dam 2 miles upstream in city of Rockford 

causes slight fluctuation at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water and ice jam in 

February; seriously affected by ice during winter. Rating curve used before 

February 10 well denned above and extended below 960 second-feet; curve used 

after that date fairly well denned above 2,310 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Fluctuation at gage only slight. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating tables, except for period 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice for which it was determined 

from gage heights, observer's notes, weather records, and records of flow of Rock 

River at Afton, Wis. Records good for open-water periods except for very low 

stages in July to September; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Rockford, III., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Sept. 7.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.78

4.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

30, 700

4,890
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 151

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Rockford, III., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916..

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. .............

15..............

16........ ..

17..............

18..............

1Q

20. .............

91

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29......... ..

30.... ........

31-.-.-.........

Oct.

13,700

13,400

12,900

12, 700

10,600

9,600

8,850

7,380

6,460

6,020

6,240

6,020

5,800

5,380

5,590

5

OOA

4,970

4,770

4,570

4,380

4 190 4' ooo

4,190

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

Nov.

3,490

3,200

3,200

3,340

3,340

3,490

3,340

3,490

3,340

3,200

3,200

3,200

3

onn

3,340

3 340

3,070

3

A7n

2,940

2,820

2

QOf\

3

Onn

3

AQ(\

5,590

6,240

*7 -1KA

7

0OT1

Dec.

7,860

7,860

7,620

6,920

5,800

5,590

5,800

5,800

5,590

5,380

5,380

3,400

Jan.

4,270

17 fiftrt

Feb.

10; 600

Mar.

9,180

7,470

6,320

5,450

5,240

4,840

4,840

4,640

4,450

4,260

4,260

3,910

4,080

4 640

4 450

4*260

4,260

4,260

4 450

4' 840

5,040

10 oAft

15,900

24,600

9Q Oftft

of) ftftA

00 A.ftn

Apr.

27,800

25,800

21,800

16, 200

13,700

13, 100

12,000

11,500

11,000

10,500

9 940

8,930

8,680

8,430

8,430

8 190

8 ion

K 1QO

8,430

8,430

8,430

8,430

8 190

8,' 190

7,710

7,710

May.

7,710

7,710

7,950

8,430

8,680

9,180

8,680

8,430

7,710

7,230

6,540

6,100

6,320

6

KA(\

6,770

7,470

7,230

6,320

6,100

5,660

5 450

5,240

5,240

4 840

5,' 040

June.

5,240

5,240

5,660

5,660

5,880

6,100

8,930

10,500

10,700

11,000

11,000

11,000

10,700

10, 200

9 940

9,430

8,680

8,680

8,430

7,950

7,710

7,710

7 OQO

5,660

July.

4,450

4,640

4,450

4,260

4,080

3,750

3.460

5,040

3,190

2,930

2,800

2,550

2,190

2,080

2,080

1,970

1,860

1,860

2,080

2,310

2,430

2,550

2,550

2,430

2,430

2,310

2,310

2,190

2,190

2,310

Aug.

2,310

2,310

2,430

2,430

2,550

2,560

2,430

2,430

2,190

2,190

2,190

2,080

2,190

2,430

2,430

2,310

1,970

1,700

1,450

1,060

1,270

1,500

1,700

1,750

1,970

2,080

1,500

1,860

2,080

2,190

2,310

Sept.

2,020

1,740

1,450

1,450

2,930

3,190

4,450

4,080

3,910

3,910

3,750

3,600

3,190

3,320

3,320

3,190

3,060

3,190

3,320

3,190

3,320

3,460

3,460

3,500

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13 to Feb. 29. Discharge, Sept. 1 and 2, interpolated, and Sept. 24-30 estimated, for lack of gage-height records.

Monthly discharge of Rock River at Rockford, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 6,520 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,700 

7,620 

7.860

February.

April .......................................... mj.. .................. .......................

July.-.......---.....-..-..-....-....-.......-.

32,000 

27,800 

9,180 

11,000 

5,040 

2,550

32,000

Minimum.

4,000 

2,580

3,910 

7,710 

4,840 

5,240 

1,860 

1,060

1,060

Mean.

6,490 

3,910 

4,500 

9,070 

10,600 

9,500 

11,100 

6,740 

8,160 

2,840 

2,060 

3,230

6,500

Per 

square 

mile.

0.995 

.600 

.690 

1.39 

1.63 

1.46 

1.70 

1.03 

1.25 

.436 

.316 

.495

.997

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.15

.67 

.80 

1.60 

1.76 

1.68 

1.90 

1.19 

1.40 

.50 

.36 

.55

13.56
152 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1916,, PART V.

ROCK RIVER AT LYNDON, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 20 N., R. 5 E., at highway bridge known as Lyndon Bridge, 

in the eastern part of the village of Lyndon, Whiteside County; about 10 miles 

above Rock Creek and 20 miles below the dam at Sterling.

DRAINAGE AREA. 9,010 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 24, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by John Shepard. .

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and rock; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year and period 1915- 

1916, 18.0 feet January 22 and 23, 1916 (discharge not determined because of 

backwater from ice). Maximum open-water stage recorded, 17.0 feet at 1 p. m. 

March 28, 1916 (discharge, 39,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.45 

feet at 6 p. m. August 27, 1916 (discharge, 1,180 second-feet).

REGULATION. Operation of power plant in city of Sterling causes fluctuation at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; seriously affected by 

ice during winter. Rating curve well denned above and fairly-well denned 

below 1,850 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths once daily before and twice 

daily after September 6. Diurnal fluctuation at gage not large. Discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for period 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice for which it was ascertained 

from gage heights, observer's notes, weather records and record of flow of Rock 

River at Rockford, 111., and Afton, Wis. Records good for open-water periods; 

poor for winter period.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Lyndon, III., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Bate.

Mar.30. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

21 

' 200

Date.

Sept. 5. .......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,900
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 153

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Lyndon, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Day.

5..-.-.......-.

6..............

7..............

8..-...-.....--

10..............

12..-...-...-.--

no

15.. ............

16..............

17.... ......... -

18....-....'.....

19

20..............

21....-.-.....-.

22.............

24.............

26..............

97

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Oct.

17,100

15,400

14, 500

15,100

13,600

12,100

10, 400

8,830

8,080

6,630

5,520

6,630

5,950

5,310

6,400

6,170

5,950

5,520

5,110

5,310

5,310

5,730

5,520

4,720

5,110

4,910

4,720

4,160

4 160

3' 980

3,800

Nov.

3,980

3,980

3,980

3,980

3,630

3,460

2,250

3,140

3,630

3,140

2,980

3,300

3,300

2.980

3,140

2,830

3,460

3,300

2,980

3,300

3,460

3,630

3,980

3,980

5,110

5,950

6,860

8,080

Dec.

8,580

8,330

8,080

7,340

5,950

7,100

6,400

5,950

6,170

5,950

5,730

4,720

5,520

4,530

5,730

1,980

5, 270

Jan.

6,500

20,000

Feb.

15,000

Mar.

8,000

7,580

3,460

6,170

4,910

4, 530

4,340

4,720

4,340

4,910

4,720

5,110

13,300

21,400

31,400

39,500

39,000

36, 600

35,400

Apr.

35,000

33,800

31,400

28,600

24,600

21,400

17,800

14,500

13,600

13,300

12, 100

11,500

10,900

10,400

9,580

11,800

8,830

8,580

8,080

7,100

8,580

8,830

8,580

8,830

9,330

9,080

8,830

8.830

8,580

8,330

May.

8,330

8,080

10, 100

9,580

9,830

9,330

8,830

9,330

8,830

8,080

7,340

7,100

6,860

6,170

5,950

6,400

6,860

6,860

6,630

6,400

5,110

5,950

6,170

5,730

5,310

5,520

5,520

3,460

5,520

6,170

6,400

June.

6,860

7,830

6,170

5,520

6,860

7,100

7,340

12,700

21,000

19,200

18,200

16,800

15, 100

13,600

13,900

13,900

13,300

12,700

10,400

9,580

8,080

9,830

9,330

8,330

9,080

8,830

9,080

7,830

6,860

6,630

July.

6,860

5,950

5,730

5,110

4,910

4,720

4,720

4,910

3,300

3,630

3,980

3,980

3,800

3,980

3,300

2,110

2,390

2,980

2,530

2,680

2,530

2,390

2,390

2,680

2,980

3,630

3,140

2,680

1,980

2 oon

Aug.

2,530

1,350

2,110

2,110

2,110

1,410

2,530

2,980

2,680

2,530

5,730

2,680

2,390

3,980

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,390

2,530

1,720

2,830

2,530

2,390

1,720

1 660

1,300

1,180

2,110

1,780

Sept.

2,110

2,980

1,660

2,250

3,200

4,160

4,530

5,110

4,720

4,530

3,460

2,980

4,160

3,800

3,630

3,800

2,250

3,800

2,390

3,300

3,460

2,530

2,390

2,530

2,680

2,530

3,630

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 17 to Mar. 13. Discharge June 6 and Sept. 5 interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Rock River at Lyndon, III., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 9,010 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,100 

8,080

3.t, 500 

35,000 

10, 100 

21,000 

6,860 

5,730 

5,110

39, 500

Minimum.

3,800 

2,250 

1,980

3,460 

7,100 

3, 460 

5,520 

1,980 

1,180 

1,660

1,180

Mean.

7,480 

4,010 

5,710 

11, 300 

15,000 

12,100 

14,000 

7,020 

10, 700 

3,610 

2,360 

3; 350

8,020

Per 

square 

mile.

0.830 

.445 

.634 

1.25 

1.66 

1.34 

1.55 

.779 

1.19 

.401 

.262 

.372

.890

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area) .

0.96 

.50 

.73 

1.44 

1.79 

1.54 

1.73 

.90 

1.33 

.46 

.30 

.42

12.10
154 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

PECATONICA RIVER AT DILL, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 1 N., R. 6 E., at Illinois Central Railroad bridge at Dill 

(Ramona post office), Green County, about 1 mile below junction of east and west 

branches of Pecatonica River, and ,9 miles above the Illinois State line.

DRAINAGE AREA. 959 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 9, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; prior to August 2, 1916, 

vertical staff gage on left abutment. Gage read by W. C. Shadewaldt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low and medium stages made from upstream side of 

highway bridge about 400 feet above gage; during extremely high water considerable water overflows to left of highway bridge and measurements are made from 

railroad bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel sand and mud; undoubtedly shifting; banks only 

medium high and are overflowed at flood stages. Except during extreme flood 

stages, all the water passes under the railroad bridge to which gage is fastened. 

There is little fall in the river below the gage and no well-defined control.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 19.1 feet March 27, determined from flood marks by leveling (discharge, about 13,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.88 foot at 5 p. m. August 25 (discharge, 304 second-feet). 

1914-1916: Maximum stage, 19.1 feet on March 27, 1916, determined from flood 

marks by leveling (discharge, about 13,100 second-feet); minimum discharge, 

January 20-31, 1915 (estimated mean discharge, 245 second-feet).

REGULATION. Operation of dams at Argyle, on the East Branch of Pecatonica River, 

and at Darlington, on the West Branch of Pecatonica River, cause little if any 

diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water of March, 1916; 

seriously affected by ice during winter. Rating curves used before and after 

the change well defined between 350 and 1,520 second-feet and fairly well defined 

between 1,520 and 6,000 second-feet. Extension of curves above 6,000 second-feet 

based on the records of flow of Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111. Gage read twice 

daily to quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights 

to rating table except for period in which stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Records good for open-water periods except at 

extremely high and low stages, for which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 26

26

Feb. 176

Made by 

.....do..................

M.F. Rather...........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.30

5.89

2.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

663

677

1,590

628

Date.

2

Made by 

E.L. Williams........ .

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.72

a. 02

1.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

498

342

378

a Channel open at measuring section; nearly complete ice cover 

b Complete ice cover.
UPPER, MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 155

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4... ...........

5..........:...

6..............

7..............

8..............

9... .......... .

10..............

11..............

12 ............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,480

1,280

1,160

1,080

1,040

1,000

960

920

920

883

883

846

846

846

846

809

772

1,000

1,OSO

883

809

735

698

698

698

698

661

661

625

625

Nov.

625

625

625

590

590

590

590

590

556

556

590

698

661

556

556

556

556

556

772

772

698

625

556

556

625

1,320

1,200

1,080

846

698

Dec.

661

661

625

625

590

590

556

556

556

556

542

528

528

515

502

502

502

502

502

502

515

528

528

528

528

528

502

489

476

476

476

Jan.

735

1,520

1,680

1,520

1,360

1,280

556

542

542

556

528

502

489

502

502

502

502

502

502

556

1,120

3,580

4, 330

4,330

4,180

2,640

3,780

4,800

5,180

3,380

2,330

Feb.

1,920

1,720

1,320

735

661

625

625

608

590

590

556

542

542

528

528

556

625

1,720

1,880

2,510

2,280

1,800

1,800

1,760

920

625

590

556

KKfi

Mar.

502

476

450

450

476

502

556

625

661

661

661

661

476

400

400

400

450

450

463

476

476

661

809

625

3,730

5,800

13,100

Jl, 400

7,300

4,430

2,100

Apr.

1,160

960

846

772

735

664

630

596

596

596

596

596

596

596

565

596

596

630

630

846

1,120

883

735

664

630

596

596

565

537

630

May.

1,040

1,200

1,920

772

735

698

630

630

630

596

551

537

511

630

772

809

698

596

551

537

537

565

630

565

537

551

537

511

565

551

June.

498

1.120

1,880

VSOO

i;320

698

920

1,600

1.680

1,360

1,000

' 920

809

846

1,000

846

772

735

664

630

630

698

772

772

664

630

664

630

565

537

July.

524

511

565

537

511

498

474

462

462

462

462

462

462

462

462

462

524

462

438

698

1,320

1.000

537

438

426

438

426

414

414

426

414

Aug.

335

378

378

390

402

438

402

378

367

390

462

426

402

402

402

390

402

378

378

378

367

356

356

335

314

323

345

335

321

335

345

Sept.

356

367

367

378

596

1,970

1,000

1,000

772

498

390

414

474

462

426

402

390

390

390

390

390

390

378

402

390

462

772

883

596

462

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11 to Mar. 15. Discharge, Mar. 26-29, when watei 

was above gage, estimated from maximum stage of 19.1 feet, which occurred Mar. 27, and flow of Peeatonica 

River at Freeport, 111. The discharge given for Mar. 27 corresponds to the crest stage and may, therefore, 

be somewhat too high.

Monthly discharge of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 959 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

June. ........................... ..............

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,480 

1,320 

661 

5,180 

2,510 

o!3, 100 

1,160 

1.200 

1,880 

1,320 

462 

1,970

ol3, 100

Minimum.

625 

556 

476 

489 

528 

400 

537 

511 

498 

414 

314 

356

314

Mean.

877 

680 

538 

1,780 

1,010 

1,960 

692 

651 

922 

521 

375 

552

883

Per 

square 

mile.

0.915 

.709 

.561 

1.86 

1.08 

2.04 

.722 

.679 

.961 

.543 

.391 

.576

.921

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.05 

.79 

.65 

2.14 

1.16 

2.35 

.81 

.78 

1.07 

.63 

.45 

.64

12.52

Crest stage.
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

PECATONICA RIVER AT FREEPORT, ILL.

LOCATION. In see. 32, T. 27 N., R. 8 E., at highway bridge at Hancock Avenue, 

about half a mile east of Illinois Central Railway station at Freeport, Stephenson 

County, and about 2 miles above mouth of Yellow Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,330 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 10, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by W. C. Krueger.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and silt; likely to shift; left bank 

of only medium height and is overflowed during high water; at stages above about 

16.0 feet part of the flow passes over the left bank and through East Freeport.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.4 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 4.30 p. m. March 28 (discharge, 17,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 4.2 

feet August 26 and 27 (discharge, 423 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 19.4 feet March 28, 1916 (discharge, 

17,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.1 feet December 12, 1914 (discharge, 

278 second-feet).

REGULATION. A dam and power plant three-fourths mile upstream regulates flow 

past gage. Only slight diurnal fluctuation is noticeable.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent during open-water, 

periods of the year; seriously affected by ice during winter. Rating curve well 

denned below 8,000 second-feet and fairly well denned between 8,000 and 18,000 

second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table except for the winter period, 

for which discharge was determined from observer's notes, weather records, 

and the flow of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis. Records good for open-water 

periods; fair for winter period.

Discharge measurements of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Mar. 28......................

Apr. \. ...... ...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

19.35

7 94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,270

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.00

12.05

Dis- 

 charge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,600

2,650

a14,000 second-feet measured in regular channel at Stephenson Street bridge; overflow through East 

Freeport determined as 3,000 second-feet by multiplying area of cross section by mean velocity determined 

from the velocity of driftwood. Total considered accurate within 10 per cent.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 157

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1... ..........

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23. .............

24..............

25.........'.....

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

4,270

2,880

1,560

1,420

1,340

1,290

1,240

1,190

1,120

1,120

1,120

1.120

1,120

1,090

1,060

1,090

1,260

1,290

1,160

1,060

1,020

990

966

942

942

894

Nov.

870

847

847

801

801

801

801

801

894

894

757

757

942

1,020

1,040

942

870

824

801

1,390

2,020

1,830

1,240

Dec.

1,020

966

942

847

779

779

757

757

801

801

801

779

757

757

801

870

757

824

714

735

757

757

767

757

757

757

870

Jan.

1,290

1,680

1,980

1,740

1,500

757

714

672

632

612

593

612

612

612

632

632

1,980

4,770

5,120

5,520

6,140

6,310

6,140

5,970

5,380

5,000

4,560

Feb.

2,570

1 QOrt

1,650

1,530

1 ^Qfi

942

870

801

779

757

735

714

714

2,220

2,380

2 77ft

2,570

i son

1,340

1,190

894

Mar.

7^7

632

593

612

632

693

714

779

847

QQO

966

918

847

757

714

672

632

632

672

801

1,160

6,140

17,000

15,300

11,100

Apr.

7,770

1,920

1,590

1,420

1,260

1,140

1,040

990

936

918

894

870

870

847

847

847

942

1,040

1,290

1,290

1,190

1,090

1,020

966

918

870

824

779

May.

1,040

1,420

1,470

1,320

1,090

1,260

990

942

870

801

801

870

1,090

1,340

1,530

1,220

847

779

779

757

870

894

824

1,020

966

1,090

1,240

June.

1,770

2,100

1,620

1,800

2 fl9fl

2,620

3,120

2,520

2,100

1,770

1,650

1,860

1,950

1,680

1,470

1,340

1,240

1,060

990

966

1,420

1,470

1,060

1,040

1,040

990

966

894

July.

894

870

847

847

801

801

77Q

779

757

757

7 C»7

847

847

801

801

779

757

1,240

1,710

1,650

1,560

1,340

870

612

574

555

537

537

Aug.

502

485

469

485

537

537

485

485

1,090

894

693

652

555

537

519

519

519

502

485

485

485

453

438

438

423

423

453

453

453

453

Sept.

453

502

1,020

2,520

2,180

1,340

1,160

QQfl

693

672

714

672

593

555

574

537

519

485

485

555

574

735

1,090

1,360

1,160

990

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 29 to Mar. 12.

Monthly discharge of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916, 

[Drainage area, 1,330 square miles.]

Month.

July. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,270 

2,020 

1,020 

6,310 

3,830 

17,000 

7,770 

1,530 

3,120 

1,710 

1,090 

2,520

17,000

Minimum.

894 

757 

714 

593 

714 

593 

779 

757 

894 

537 

423 

453

423

Mean.

1,300 

981 

813 

2,480 

1,500 

2,910 

1,270 

1,050 

1,600 

874 

530 

844

1,350

Per 

square 

mile.

0.977 

.738 

.611 

1.86 

1.13 

2.19 

.955 

.789 

1.20 

.657 

.398 

.635

1.02

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.13 

.82 

.70 

2.14 

1.22 

2.52 

1.07 

.91 

1.34 

.76 

.46 

.71

13.78
158 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

SUGAR RIVER NEAR BRODHEAD, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 9 E., at highway bridge 2 miles southwest of the 

village of Brodhead, Green County, about 12 miles above the Illinois State line. 

Jordan Creek enters from the right 2 miles below, and Little Jordan Creek, also 

from the right, 4 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 529 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 7, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by Arthur Christensen,

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge at medium and 

high stages; at low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; control not well-defined. 

Right bank of medium height; rarely overflowed; left bank at and above the gage 

overflowed at stage of about 7 feet on the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9. 02 feet at 5 p. 

m. March 26 (discharge, 6,320 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.05 feet 

September 3 (discharge, about 164 second-feet.)

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 11. 4 feet, September 13,1915 (discharge, 

about 13,000 second-feet). Minimum stage recorded, 0. 4 foot at 10 a. m., Sunday, 

August, 30, 1914 (water was undoubtedly being held at dam); discharge determined from extension of the rating curve, about 74 second-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably did not change during year except 

when affected by ice. Rating curve well defined between 228 and 4, 500 secondfeet. Gage read twice daily to quarter tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating curve, except for periods when stagedischarge relation was affected by ice, for which periods it was ascertained by 

applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means 

of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records for 

open-water periods good; for winter period fair.

Discharge measurements of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 25

26

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.02

3.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Q7K

338

QQ1

Date.

Feb. 166

May 31

Aug. 12

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.12

2.10

1,72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

258

376

268

o Measurement made from bridge; comparatively little ice at control. 

6 Made through complete ice cover; ice cover at control incomplete.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 159

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sugar River near Brodhead, W'is., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

626

626

584

544

487

487

433

399

433

416

433

433

399

399

433

487

505

367

367

367

383

367

335

335

351

335

335

Nov.

335

335

335

OAO

296

335

322

qqe

qqc

335

335

. 335

308

308

416

626

544

qQQ

367

416

505

Q«e

1,350

1,150

752

Dec.

544

433

399

383

367

q«7

367

335

351

335

322

351

322

305

305

305

305

OQA

276

262

262

248

<V3A

221

234

Jan.

276

710

773

752

7qi

710

399

335

335

320

290

248

234

234

276

469

2,470

A ttnn

1,300

965

1,650

3,450

2,470

1,650

7Q4

Feb.

544

505

584

584

OQQ

416

OQQ

351

qqc

qqe

qqc

335

335

335

300

416

584

*7(\A

1,150

836

689

584

433

305

OQfl

305

276

Mar.

991

221

208

234

248

qn£

qqc

qqe

383

099

296

264

284

274

308

qqe

383

2,130

5,170

6,090

1,890

1,250

965

Apr.

710

626

584

544

487

451

433

451

iqq

416

45i

487

469

AOO

469

668

794

626

487

451

433

469

451

383

May.

752

1,010

668

544

AK-\

416

383

qoo

351

367

544

511

OKI

367

367

296

383

416

367

308

383

296

383

505

383

June.

335

367

433

383

367

1,500

1,300

965

505

505

451

q«7

416

351

qoo

399

KAA

836

416

367

383

351

351

335

July.

296

296

255

351

qrio

284

974

237

Qqc

284

264

274

264

274

255

335

322

255

274

, 383

605

367

335

284

274

264

264

264

246

Aug.

255

246

246

255

237

219

296

264

255

264

274

274

210

264

264

264

210

237

228

202

264

255

264

246

237

255

246

219

237

228

Sept.

246

264

264

qe-i

367

351

qqc

308

284

97d

210

9R4.

237

228

oq7

237

oq7

219

246

255

433

399

367

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16 to Mar. 10; discharge, Mar. 15, interpolated. 

Monthly discharge of Sugar River near Brodhead, Win., for the year ending Sept. 30,1916.

[Drainage area, 529 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

626 

1,350 

544 

4,500 

1,150 

6,090 

878 

1,010 

1,500 

605 

296 

433

6,090

Minimum.

335 

296 

221 

221 

248 

208 

383 

296 

322 

237 

180 

168

168

Mean.

433 

465 

317 

1,010 

465 

908 

535 

445 

557 

301 

245 

288

498

Per 

square 

mile.

0.819 

.879 

.599 

1.91 

.879 

1.72 

1.01 

.841 

1.05 

.569 

.463 

.544

.941

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.94 

.98 

.69 

2.20 

.95 

1.98 

1.13 

.97 

1.17 

.66 

.53 

.61

12.81
160 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

IOWA RIVER NEAR MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 84 N., R. 18 W., at the Third Avenue highway bridge, 1 mile 

north of Marshalltown, Marshall County, and about a mile below site- of old 

gaging station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,380 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21, 1915, to September 30, 1916; February 23, 1903, to 

August 8, 1903, at old site a mile above present station.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge, 60 feet from right pier; 

read by B. S. Beehrle.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge, to which gage 

is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change; right bank not 

subject to overflow, left bank will be overflowed at stages above about 13 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.6 feet, October 

1 (discharge, 4,380 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.23 feet, August 29 

(discharge, 86 second-feet.)

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. One rating curve, which is 

not well defined, used during 1916. Gage read once daily to hundredths. Discharge October 1 to July 19 ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating 

curve. Discharge July 20 to September 30 ascertained by indirect method for 

shifting control. Records for open-water periods fair.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River near Marshalltown, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date.

»

Mar. 20. .............................................................................

July 20. .............................................................................

Gage . 

height.

Feet. 

6.51

3.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,910

444
UPPEE, MISSISSIPPI RIVEK BASIN. 161

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. .................

2 ....... ..... ...

4...................

7... ....... ........ .

8.-...--.-.-.....--.

9

10...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15.-.---.----.-.-..--

17..-.-.--.....---.-.

21....-----

23.-... ........... ...

25...................

26..---..-.-...-...-.

27..-.-.-..-. ......

28....--.-..-. .....

29...................

on

31....-.--.--........

Oct.

4,380

3,840

3,300

2,810

2,300

2,100

1,960

1,840

1,600

1,540

1,320

1,170

1,270

1,600

1,490

1,380

1,840

1,720

1,900

1,720

1,070

1,320

1,070

1,020

930

885

840

Nov.

800

760

760

720

680

640

640

720

680

1,380

1,960

2,030

1,960

2,100

2,030

1,960

1,660

1,380

1,270

1,220

1,170

1,120

1,020

975

930

975

930

8S5

885

800

Dec.

800

720

720

640

720

640

600

640

600

640

600

600

530

335

320

Mar.

1,780

1,900

2,030

2,230

2,300

2,370

4,290

3 7qfl

Apr.

2,370

1,960

1,840

1,490

1,490

1,440

1,270

1,070

975

885

885

840

800

760

800

930

1,270

1,380

1,490

1,900

2,030

2,230

3,050

2,740

1,960

1,720

1,540

1,380

May.

1,380

1,960

1,720

1,600

1,380

1,170

930

800

800

720

640

600

530

1,540

2,810

3,130

3,300

2,970

2,660

2,440

2,230

2,100

2,300

2,810

2,510

2,370

2,230

1,720

1,490

1,070

June.

1,020

1,270

. 1, 220

1,490

1,840

2,660

2,890

2,370

1,840

1,320

1,170

885

800

760

680

640

600

530

495

495

444

444

428

565

COA

461

July.

412

461

461

412

886

975

1,070

840

800

665

461

428

1,270

461

461

412

380

428

495

428

380

320

320

290

262

234

207

207

194

207

194

Aug.

207

168

168

168

168

168

194

181

168

168

262

181

194

194

181

168

155

141

155

181

155

143

141

112

107

105

101

86

88

88

Sept.

109

119

121

136

138

126

114

100

155

168

168

168

181

168

155

138

1OQ

133

126

119

112

114

126

155

143

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16 to Mar. 17. Discharge, Oct. 2, interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.]

Month.

January

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,380 

2,100 

800

February. ..................................... ..........

March 20-31..... ...............................

July. ..........................................

4,290 

3,300 

3,300 

2,890 

1,270 

262 

181

Minimum.

840 

640 

320

1,660 

760 

530 

428 

194 

86 

100

Mean.

1,750 

1,170 

607

2,540 

1,610 

1,780 

994 

481 

157 

136

Per 

square 

mile.

1.27 

.848 

.440

1.84 

1.17 

1.29 

.720 

.349 

.114 

.099

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.46 

.95

.25

.82 

1.30 

1.49 

.80 

.40 

.13 

.11

6342° 18 WSP 43£
162 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

IOWA RIVER AT IOWA CITY, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 79 N., R. 6 W., at highway bridge about 500 feet below Chicago, 

Rock Island & Pacific Railway main-line bridge; about three-fourths mile below 

Iowa State University's power plant, three-fourths mile downstream from old 

gaging station, which was at the county highway bridge a short distance above 

dam.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,140 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 30, 1913, to September 30, 1916, at present site; June 

11, 1903, to July 21, 1906, at old gaging station.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to upstream handrail of bridge about 40 feet from lefthand end of first span from left bank; read by Byron Gibson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached or from a 

boat about 1,000 feet below highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand; subject to change. Right bank 

high and will not be overflowed; left bank will be overflowed at high stage 

under a pile trestle approach to the bridge and beyond the left end of the 

approach at extremely high stage.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.2 feet, March 26 

(discharge, 12,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, .14 foot, September 

14 (discharge, 38 second-feet).

Maximum stage ever recorded, about 15 feet (old gage) night of June 2-3, 

1903 (discharge, about 20,000 second-feet); minimum discharge 38 second-feet, 

September 14, 1916.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during winter period; observations 

discontinued.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation at low stages, owing to operation of 

power plant above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; one rating curve used during 

1916, well defined between 129 and 11,000 second feet, Gage read once daily, to 

nearest half tenth. Discharge, except as noted below, ascertained by applying 

daily gage heights to rating table. No gage readings available April 16-20, and 

July 9-25; discharge estimated from record of discharge at Marshall town. Discharge, April 22, interpolated. Records for periods in which discharge was estimated and in which it was less than 129 second-feet fair; for all other periods 

excellent.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date.

Mar. 27................................................................. ............

July 25.............. ................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.80

1.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,120

657
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 163

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Day.

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10. ..................

11...................

12. ..................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16. ..................

17...................

18...................

19. ..................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

Q1

Oct.

10,900

10,500

10,000

9,160

8,560

7,060

5,850

5,210

4,900

4,280

4,180

3,990

3,990

3,800

3,700

3,620

3,340

3,260

3,260

3,080

3,080

2,920

2,840

2,680

2,520

2,520

2,440

2,360

2,210

2,140

2,060

Nov.

1,980

1,920

1,920

1,780

1.700

1,700

1,640

1,570

1,500

1,640

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,920

2,280

2,280

2,360

2,520

2,600

2,600

2,520

2,520

2,440

2,280

2,140

1,980

2,060

1,980

1,840

1,700

Dec.

1,640

1,570

1,570

1,500

1,380

1,310

1,310

1 240

1,310

1,380

1,380

1,240

1,180

1,060

945

888

779

Mar.

10,500

9,160

6,070

5,630

5,100

4,480

Apr.

4,180

4,180

4,380

4,180

3,700

3,260

2,920

2,600

2,440

2,280

2,140

1,840

1,920

1,840

1,700

2,500

1,980

1,880

1,780

2,680

2,600

2,680

2,760

2,840

3,080

3,000

May.

3,080

3,700

3,800

3,700

3,260

3,000

2,920

2,840

2,680

2,600

2,280

1,700

1,840

4,080

3,990

3,990

4,080

3,800

3,700

3,620

3,620

3,800

3,800

4,080

3,990

3,900

4,480

3,900

3,620

3,340

3,340

June.

3,170

3,800

3,520

2,840

2,280

2,140

2,600

2,760

2,920

3,080

3,000

2,760

2,520

2,210

1,840

1,640

1.840

1,700

1,500

1,500

1,640

1,500

1,380

1,310

1,180

1,120

1,060

1,000

945

945

July.

888

945

888

888

888

888

833

726

1,000

626

626

578

578

462

508

Aug.

440

353

272

554

353

272

353

353

353

440

353

353

272

332

353

353

440

353

312

272

292

234

253

253

234

253

197

234

71

216

253

Sept.

216

272

197

162

46

162

234

180

197

216

216

129

114

38

162

146

71

197

216

197

234

197

197

99

216

58

332

312

216

216

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 18 to Mar. 25; observations discontinued. A rough 

estimate of the discharge during this period can be obtained by taking one-half the difference between the 

discharge at Wapello and the discharge at Cedar Rapids. Discharge, Apr. 22, interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 3,140 square miles.]

Month.

January

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,900 

2,600 

1,640

February. ...................................................

March 26-31 .....................................

May.............................................

July.............................................

10,500 

4,380 

4,480 

3,800

554 

332

Minimum.

2,060 

1,500 

779

4,480

1,700 

945 

462 

71 

38

Mean.

4,530 

2,000 

1,280

6,820 

2,710 

3,440 

2,060 

881 

311 

182

Per 

square 

mile.

1.44 

.637 

.408

2.17 

.863 

1.10 

.656 

.281 

.099 

.058

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.66 

.71 

.26

.48 

.96 

1.27 

.73 

.32 

.11 

.06
164 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

IOWA RIVER AT WAPELLO, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 74 N., E. 3 W., at highway bridge about half a mile from railroad station at Wapello, Louisa County, and 20 miles from mouth of Iowa Elver. 

No important tributaries enter near station.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 12,480 square miles; at mouth, 12,600 square 

miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 

500,000).

EECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26, 1915, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached near center of first span from right abutment; read by 

C. W. Warren.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; probably shifts. Eight 

bank high and will not be overflowed; levee along left bank might break or be 

overtopped at extremely high stages.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.7 feet, March 

28 (discharge, 48,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.35 foot, September 26 (discharge, 1,390 second-feet); maximum known stage prior to 1916, approximately 14.3 feet about April 3, 1912 (discharge, about58,000 second-feet).' 

The flood of June, 1892, was much higher.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; two rating curves used during 

1916; October 1 to March 28, well defined between 3,700 and 44,700 second-feet; 

March 29 to September 30, well defined between 1,340 and 57,000 second-feet. 

Gage read once daily to hundredths. Discharge, except as noted below, obtained 

by applying daily gage heights to rating curve. Stage-discharge relation affected 

by ice December 14 to January 25 and February 7-23; discharge ascertained 

from one discharge measurement, observer's notes, gage heights, and weather 

' records. Eecords for open-water periods, excellent; for winter, fair.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Date. Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.47

3.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4.710

1,100

Date.

July 26

Made by 

i

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.61

1.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,590

3,120

a Ice in river when measurement was made.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 165

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3.......

5.......

6.......

8.......

9....... 

10.......

11.......

12..... .

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29......

30.......

31.......

Oct.

36,300

35,300

30,600

24,400

21,300

19,100

17,500

15, 100

13,600 

12,200

10,500

9,590

9,290

9,590

9,290

8,690

8,400

8,690

10,500

9,290

8,690

8,690

8,400

8,690

8,400

7,820

7,260

6,990

6,460

6,200

Nov.

5,950

5,950

5,460

5,460

5,220

4,990

4,990

4,540

4,540 

4,540

4,320

4,320

4,760

6,720

7,820

8,110

8,400

8,400

8,400

7,540

6,990

6,720

5,950

8,110

7,820

7,260

6,990

Dec.

6,200

5,700

5,460

4,990

4,990

4,760

4,540

4,540

4,540 

4,110

4,320

4,110

4,110

4,000

3,800

3,500

3,300

3,000

2,800

2

cpifl

2,400

2,300

2,200

2,100

1 900

1,800

1,800

1,800

2,000

2,500

Jan.

3,000

3,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,700

2,400

2,200

2,000 

1,8(00

1,600

1,500

1,400

1,400

1,300

1,200

1,200

1,100

1,100

1,100

2,000

15,000

20,000

17,000

16,700

23,900

20,400

17,100

14,400

Feb.

12,500

11,800

10,800

9,290

7,820

6,720

5,500

4,000

3,000 

2,500

2,000

2,000

1,800

1,800

1,500

1,500

1,800

2,500

4,000

6,000

1ft nAn

10 f\f)f\

15,500

14, 700

13,200

12,900

........

Mar.

12,500

11,500

9,900

8,110

7,260

6,720

5,950

5,700

5,460 

5,220

4,990

4,990

5,460

5,700

6,200

6,720

8,400

8,690

10, 200

11,200

12, 500

19 f\nn

10,500

10,500

16,300

48,300

39,600

30,700

Apr.

31,700

31,700

26,500

21,300

19,200

16,900

15,400

13,900

12,500 

11, 200

10,500

9,880

9,570

8,960

8,660

8,360

8,360

8,360

8,070

8,660

9,570

11,500

12,500

14, 600

17, 700

16, 500

15,000

May.

15,000

16, 100

16,900

16,100

15,400

14,600

13,500

12,200

10,800 

9,880

8,66»

8,070

7,510

11,800

14, 600

14, 600

15,400

15, 400

13,900

15,000

16,100

16,500

16,500

14, 300

13,500

13,200

12,500

12,500

.12,500

June.

11,200

10,200

11, 200

10,800

10,500

14, 600

18,000

19,200

21,300 

20,500

15,400

13,200

11,200

9,880

8,960

8,360

8,360

7,510

6,980

6,980

6,980

6,980

6,470

5,980

5,980

5,740

5,510

5,060

4,840

4,840

July.

4,840

4,620

4,620

4,620

4,400

4,400

4,190

3,980

4,190 

4,840

4,840

4,620

4,190

4,190

3,770

3,770

3,9gO

3,770

3,770

3,980

5,510

5,060

3,980

3,560

3,360

3,160

2,970

2,780

2,600

2,600

2,780

Aug.

3,560

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,780

2,600

2,250

2,090

2,090 

2,090

2,420

2,250

2,090

2,020

1,940

»1,940

1,940

1,800

1,800

1,740

1,740

1,670

1,610

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,500

1,440

1,440

Sept.

1,440

1,550

1,500

1,500

1,550

1,.870

1,440

1,550

1,550 

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,500

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,390

1,800

1,870

1,800

1,740

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Jan. 25, and February 7-23.

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 12,480 square miles.]

Month.

October ...... . .

November. .... ... . . . ... . .............

January ............ .s. .........................

February...... ... . ........... .............

March .........................................

April..........................................

June ..........................................

July...........................................

September........... ...... ..................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

36,300 

8,400 

6,200 

24,800 

15,900 

48,300 

31,700 

16,900 

21,300 

5,510 

3,560 

1,870

48,300

Minimum.

6,200 

4,320 

ol,800 

ol,100 

ol,500 

4,990 

8,070 

7,510 

4,840 

2,600 

1,440 

1,390

ol,100

Mean.

13,100 

6,410 

3,500 

7,110 

7,450 

13,200 

14, 100 

13,700 

10,100 

4,000 

2,010 

1,550

8,020

Per 

square 

mile.

1.05 

.514 

.280 

.570 

.597 

1.06 

1.13 

1.10 

.809 

.321 

.161 

.124

.643

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.21

.57 

.32 

.66 

.64 

1.22 

1.26 

1.27 

.90 

.37 

.19 

.14

8.75

a Estimated. 

CEDAR RIVER AT JANESVILLE, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 91 N., R. 14 W., at the Illinois Central Railroad bridge

about one-fourth mile below the highway bridge and 3 miles above junction

with Shellrock River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,660 square miles (measured on map issued by United States

Geological Survey; scale 1 to 500,000). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 26, 1905, to September 30, 1906, and May 28, 1915, to

September 30, 1916.
166 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V,

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream guardrail of bridge about the middle of left 

span; read by James Townsend.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; slightly shifting. Banks high 

and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.35 feet, 7 p. m., 

June 2 (discharge, 8,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.75 foot, November 3 (discharge, estimated 100 second-feet).

1905, 1915-16: Maximum stage recorded, 13.3 feet, March 28, 1906 (discharge, 

about 22,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.75 foot, November 3, 1915 

(discharge, estimated 100 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during winter.

REGULATION. May be slight diurnal fluctuation of water level owing to operation 

of power plant at Waverly, 9 miles above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; changes slightly from year to 

year during high-water periods. Two rating curves used during year, as follows: 

October 12 to March 26, and March 27 to September 30; both curves well defined 

between 280 and 7,130 second-feet; extended above 7,130 second-feet. Gage 

read once daily to hundredths. Discharge, except as noted below, ascertained 

by applying daily gage heights to rating table. Discharge October 1-11 estimated from records- of flow of Shellrock River at Clarksville, Iowa. Records

The following discharge measurement was made by C. Herlofson: 

July 20, 1916: Gage height,. 2.39 feet; discharge, 842 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..................

2..... ..............

3...................

4........... ........

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11.. .................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26......... ...

27.............. .

28.... ....

29..............

30...................

31...................

Oct.

600

550

490

575

750

700

600

550

450

400

400

396

335

427

458

552

520

840

905

905

905

840

742

646

583

489

458

427

427

396

Nov.

427

427

100

280

255

255

255

308

280

308

775

905

1,230

1,300

1,160

970

775

710

614

583

552

520

458

489

583

552

458

458

427

280

Dec.

308

280

366

308

Mar.

3,820

6,770

4,940

3,440

2,420

1,950

1,440

1,880

1,800

1,950

4,310

6,650

8,610

6,770

4,410

3,170

2 4fin

Apr.

2,630

2,630

2,370

2,030

1,700

1,380

1,240

1,100

970

910

850

790

730

730

670

790

1,100

1,620

2,200

2,720

5,160

8,350

7,010

4,210

3,350

3,080

2,720

2,280

2,030

May.

2,370

2,630

2,460

1,940

1,460

1,240

1,100

1,040

850

850

790

700

700

970

2,120

3,260

4,620

3,720

2,460

1,860

1,540

2,370

1,540

2,030

2,030

1,700

1,380

1,240

1 fWlft

1,040

970

June.

615

8,740

8,610

3,820

2,030

1,860

1,540

1,380

1,240

1,100

1,100

910

910

850

790

790

730

790

730

615

615

590

560

540

480

670

790

590

540

510

July.

510

510

640

615

970

1,300

1,040

790

670

560

480

1,240

540

480

460

970

1,380

1,540

1,160

850

700

590

510

480

540

730

590

460

410

365

340

Aug.

365

300

340

320

320

280

300

280

280

260

240

236

230

240

240

233

212

230

222

170

212

226

188

208

180

174

155

184

194

188

188

Sept.

152

174

152

194

188

119

O1Q

260

240

208

Oftfi

q^n

340

300

260

, 236

222

226

202

191

180

180

184

188

212

240

240

208

NOTE. No gage-height record available Oct. 1-11; discharge estimated on basis of records of discharge of 

Shellrock River at Clarksville. Discharge Nov. 3 estimated; flow not natural, due to storage at Waverly 

dam. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 5 to Mar. 14; discharge during this period may be 

roughly approximated by taking one-fifth of the corresponding discharge at Cedar Rapids.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 167

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,660 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

November. ....... ..............

March 15-31 ...................................

May.............. ............................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

905 

1,300 

366 

8,610 

8,350 

4,620 

8,740 

1,540 

365 

340

Minimum.

335 

100 

280 

1,440 

670 

700 

480 

340 

155 

152

Mean.

574 

 556 

316 

3,930 

2,310 

1,740 

1,500 

723 

239 

223

Per

square 

mile.

0.346 

.335 

.190 

2.37 

1.39 

1.05 

.904 

.436 

.144 

.134

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.40 

.37 

.03 

1.50 

1.55 

1.21 

1.01 

.50 

.17 

.15

CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 83 N., R. 7 W., in the central part of Cedar Rapids, Linn County, 

about half a mile below dam and between electric-railroad bridge and Seventh 

Avenue combination railroad and footbridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 6,640 square miles; at junction with Iowa River, 

7,930 square miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; 

scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 26, 1902, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE . Inclined staff gage fastened to posts driven in right bank of the river in rear 

of plant of the Iowa Windmill & Pump Co. plant; read by R. S. Toogood. Elevation of zero of gage from Northwestern Railroad levels, 723.03 feet above sea 

level.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from different bridges in the vicinity of the gage, 

according to the stage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and gravel; free from vegetation 

and practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.9 feet at 7 a. m. 

March 30 (discharge, 25,300 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated, 800 second-feet, January 15-20.

1902-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 17.2 feet April 1, 1912 (discharge, 54,000 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.5 feet, July 24-28, 1911 (discharge, 410 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, except in very mild winters, when the 

swift current and the proximity to the power plant keep the measuring section 

open.

REGULATION. No power has been developed at dam above gaging station during 1916. 

The construction of a new dam to replace the old one ha*s been completed and the 

regimen of flow has been slightly affected as an incident to construction work on 

the dam and power house. There is no dam for a long distance below Cedar 

Rapids and no backwater at gaging station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent; rating curve well defined. 

Gage read once daily, to tenths. Discharge, except as ncted below, ascertained 

by applying daily gage heights to rating curve. Stage-discharge relation affected 

by ice December 12 to January 26, and February 5-21; discharge ascertained 

from one discharge measurement, observer's notes, and weather records. Openwater records excellent; records during winter fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record -furnished by United States Weather Bureau.
168 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Jan. 21o

July 25

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.33

3.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,100

1,690

a. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20. ......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Oct.

11,600

8,970

6,820

6,120

5,430

5,090

4,430

4,110

4,110

3

7QA

3,480

4,110

4,110

4,760

4,110

3,790

4,110

4,760

5,430

5,090

4,430

4,110

4,430

3,790

3,790

3,170

Nov.

3,480

2,870

3,170

2,590

2,870

2,320

2,590

2,320

2,590

2,320

2,590

5,770

5; 430

6,120

6,470

6,470

6,120

5,430

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

4,110

4,430

3,790

4,110

3,790

4,110

3,480

4,110

Dec.

3,480

3 790

2*870

3,170

2,870

2,870

2,590

2,320

2,590

2

0AA

2,200

2,200

2,000

1 900

1 Sftft

1,700

1,600

1 z,i\n

1,400

1,400

1,300

1,200

1,200 i 9f\A

1 CAA

Jan.

1,800

2 000

2

9AA

1,800

1,600

1 f^ftft

1,400

1,300

1,200

I

AArt

1 000 '900

800

QAA

800

QflA

800

1,100

3,000

ft AAA

6 000

7,000

8,970

10 400

10, 100

9

O4A

8,970

Feo.

7,890

7,530

6,820

6,000

A AAA

3,000

2,000

1,500

1 400

1 OAfl

1,000

1,000

1 °00

1^500

6,030

7 son.

9 340

11 ? 600

10 AftA

11 600

9', 710

8,610

Mar.

7,890

6,470

6,120

5,430

3,790

3,480

3, 170

2,870

2,870

9 Q7A.

6,470

6,820

9 710

10,800

7,170

6,470

7 f^ft

10,400

17,000

17 ftAft

99 CAA

18,600

Apr.

13,100

11,200

10,400

9,340

9,340

7,890

7,170

6.470

5,770

5,090

4,110

4,430

3,790

4,110

5,430

6,120

6,820

7,530

10,800

14,300

14,600

11,600

8,970

May.

9,340

9,340

8,970

8,970

8,610

7,890

7,170

5,770

5,090

4,110

-5,430

5,770

7; 170

9 04 A

10,400

10,800

10, 100

8,970

7,170

6,820

7,170

6,820

5,770

C AQA

June.

4,430

6,820

6,120

7,530

10,400

17,400

15, 800

11,600

9,340

7,530

6,470

5,090

4,760

4,430

4,430

3,790

3,170

3,170

2,870

2,870

2,590

3,480

2,870

2,870

2,590

2,870

3,170

July.

2,870

2,870

2,590

2,590

2,590

2,590

2,590

3,790

3,170

3,170

2,590

2,070

2,590

2,590

2,590

2,070

2,590

2,590

3,790

2,590

2,590

1,840

2,070

1,630

1,840

1,440

1 ARft

1,630

1,260

Aug.

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

950

950

950

950

950

950

950

1,100

950

950

950

950

810

810

810

Sept.

950

950

950

810

810

810

950

950

950

950

950

1,100

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

950

950

OCA

950

1,100

1,100

1,100

NOTE. -Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 12 to J an. 26 and Feb. 5-21.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 169

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 6,640 square miles.]

Month.

July. ........ ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,600 

6,470 

3,790 

10,400 

12,000 

25,300 

14,600 

10,800 

17.400 

3', 780 

1,440 

1,260

25,300

Minimum.

3,170 

2,320 

ol,200 

oSOO 

ol,000 

2.590 

3,790 

3,790 

2,590 

1,260 

810 

810

0800

Mean.

5,020 

4.130 

2, 090 

3,240 

5,340 

8,330 

7,850 

7,110 

5,680 

2,410 

1,110 

1,020

4,440

Per 

square 

mile.

0. 756 

.622 

.315 

.488 

.804 

1.25 

1.18 

1.07 

.855 

.363 

.167 

.154

.669

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.87 

.69 

.36 

.56 

.87 

1.44 

1.32 

1.23 

.95 

.42 

.19 

.17

9.07

a Estimated. 

SHELLROCK RIVER NEAR CLARKSVILLE, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 92 N., R. 16 W., at highway bridge 1J miles northwest of Clarksville, Butler County, and about 25 miles above junction with Cedar River. No 

important tributaries enter for several miles up and down stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,660 square miles at station and 2,680 square miles at junction 

with Cedar River (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey: 

scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 28, 1915, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to handrail on upstream side of bridge 75 feet from right 

abutment; read by Mrs. H. H. Sherburne.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and sand; probably permanent. 

Right bank high and will not be overflowed; left bank will probably be overflowed during extreme high stage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 12.3 feet at 1 p. m. 

June 2 (discharge, 12,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded since station 

was established, 1.2 feet August 29-31, 1916 (discharge, 135 second-feet). In 

April, 1907, a stage of approximately 16.5 feet was reached (discharge, about 

19,000 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued during 

winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; rating curve well defined between 200 and 10,000 second-feet; not well defined outside these limits. 

Gage read once daily to hundredths. Discharge ascertained by applying daily 

gage heights to rating table. Records excellent except for extremely low and 

high stages, for which they are fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. Herlofson: 

July 21, 1916: Gage height, 1.81 feet; discharge, 296 second-feet.
170 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

S... ........ . . . .

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22............... ...

23...................

24...................

25...................

26... ................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

538

485

435

510

620

coo

538

485

435

388

388

388

460

538

538

538

1.140

1,280

1,060

1,000

805

710

650

650

565

460

410

Nov.

OGC

OOC

aac

165

CQO

388

870

1 980

1,650

1,420

1,200

QOK

870

805

740

592

565

680

CCtrt

740

Dec.

620

620

155

365

165

365

9Qf>

9Qfl

188

Mar.

6,570

2,160

2 flfifl

1 980

1 980

2,160

1,900

2,830

7,670

10,700

6,700

4,160

3,140

2,830

Apr.

2,730

2,340

1 980

1J730

1,570

1,200

1,140

1 060

1^000

935

935

935

870

870

870

2,240

2,160

1,810

4,400

5,640

4,400

3,580

3,040

3,360

2,940

2,630

2,240

1,980

2,160

May.

2,940

2,530

2,160

1,810

1,570

1,420

1,280

1,140

1,000

935

772

710

650

1,140

4,760

3 930

3,140

2,340

1,900

1,570

1,340

1,420

2,730

2,630

2,340

2,060

1,810

2,340

1,340

1,200

1,140

June.

1,000

11,200

7,390

3,580

2,440

1,900

1,570

1,340

1,200

1,140

1,060

935

870

805

772

740

740

740

710

650

592

565

565

565

592

680

710

592

510

510

July.

565

510

740

935

870

772

620

510

435

410

365

345

325

325

325

805

510

410

365

325

308

290

290

290

255

255

255

255

255

240

240

Aug.

225

225

225

272

255

225

272

225

212

212

200

200

212

212

200

200

200

200

200

200

188

188

175

175

175

175

272

240

135

135

135

Sept.

188

165

165

212

200

188

225

212

200

200

255

345

365

255

240

225

200

188

188

188

188

175

175

165

165

175

290

225

200

188

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 12 to Mar. 15; observations discontinued. The 

discharge during this period can be roughly approximated by taking one-fifth the corresponding discharge 

at Cedar Rapids.

Monthly discharge of Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,660 square miles.]

Month.

October........................................

December 1-11.................. .. ...... ..

March 16-31.. ..................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,280 

1,980 

620 

10,700 

5,640 

4,760 

11,200 

935 

272 

365

Minimum.

388 

165 

155 

1,900 

870 

650 

510 

240 

135 

165

Mean.

596 

693 

357 

3,950 

2,140 

1,870 

1,560 

432 

205 

212

Per 

square 

mile.

0.359 

.417 

.215 

2.38 

1.29 

1.13 

.940 

.260 

.123 

.128

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.41 

.47 

.09 

1.42 

1.44 

1.30 

1.05 

.30 

.14 

.14

SKUNK RIVER AT COPPOCK, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 74 N., R. 8 W., at highway bridge about one-eighth mile above 

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge and about one-fourth mile above 

junction with Crooked Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,890 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 21, 1913, to September 30, 1916.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN". 171

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by J. W. Ricks.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and sand; channel likely to shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.1 feet at 11.30 

a. m., March 27 (discharge, 15,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.4 

feet, September 24-25 (discharge, 105 second-feet).

Maximum stage prior to 1916, approximately 24 feet (discharge, 30,000 secondfeet) about the end of May, 1903.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations fragmentary 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent throughout year; may 

be affected somewhat by drift lodging between two railroad bridges below gage. 

Rating curve well denned. Gage read once daily to hundredths. Discharge, 

except as noted below, ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating 

curve. Discharge December 17 to January 23 and February 1-23 estimated, 

because of ice, from observer's notes and weather records. Open-water records 

excellent; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by C. Ilerlofson.]

Date.

July 27. .............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.10

3.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,150

297

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

I..............

2..............

3....-.-..-..-.

4..............

6...-......---.

7.. .... ...-.-.-

8...-.-......-.

9....---.-.-.-.

10..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18...---....-...

19... ...........

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

9,230

10,700

10,400

9,520

8,000

6,860

7,360

7,870

7,870

7,230

6,260

5,150

4,640

4,060

3,280

2,720

2,490

3,040

2,880

2,560

2,420

2,340

2,260

2,260

1 QOA

1,840

1,700

1,640

1,580

1,510

Nov.

1,450

1,390

1,330

1,270

1,210

1,210

1,150

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,700

1,980

2,050

1,980

1,840

1,770

1,640

1,580

1,510

1,390

1,330

2,120

1,980

1,700

1,640

1,450

Dec.

1,330

1,210

1,090

1,090

1,040

1,040

1,040

979

979

979

979

979

924

818

768

672T

500

Jan.

800

1,200

1,500

1,800

2,000

1,900

1,700

1,500

1,200

1,000

800

700

600

500

500

400

3,000

5,000

6,000

6,260

7 9^n

8,000

5,360

4,530

3,700

Feb.

3,000

2,000

1,500

1,090

800

600

500

800

1,000

1,200

1,500

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,040

4 640

4,740

4 060

4,340

Mar.

5,150

5,260

4,440

3,620

2,720

2,050

1,640

1,640

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,510

1,450

1,580

1,640

1,700

1,700

1,510

1 OAA

1,330

1,330

1,330

2,420

8,400

15,000

3,780

3,040

Apr.

2,800

2,560

2,260

2,050

1,910

1,700

1,640

1,580

1,450

1,390

1,330

1,270

1,210

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,040

1,210

I Oort

1 3^ft

1 OAA

1,450

1 ^Q/l

1,270

1,270

May.

2, 120.

3,120

2,960

2,560

2,120

1,770

1,580

1,450

1 oqn

1,210

1,150

1,390

6,140

A Q^n

3,440

3,200

3

qcn

3 70 A

4 640

3 960

5^040

4 340

3 ' ftOft

3 con

3 9fin

3

OAA

S Oftft

June.

3,040

2,720

2,260

2,050

1,980

2,050

5,040

4,150

3,360

2,120

1,700

1,580

1,390

1,330

1,210

1,150

1,090

1,040

979

870

1,450

1

0QA

1,390

1,210

1,040

870

768

July.

672

672

584

584

584

768

672

924

768

627

543

503

465

465

447

429

412

627

503

768

412

378

OftO

0-M

OQQ

284

269

241

Aug.

378

269

228

228

228

203

215

215

191

191

346

241

447

330

269

255

255

241

215

203

191

191

180

157

157 13*;

111

1*>e

135

Sept.

135

146

228

168

135

1,910

584

314

255

241

412

9f^

191

168

146

146

1OC

125

115

loe

125

1OC

105

105

125

OAQ

584

9QQ

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 17 to Jan. 23, and Feb. 1-23. 

mean discharge for periods included.

Braced figures show
172 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,890 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10, 700 

2,120 

1,330

8,130

5,040

15, 000 

2,800 

6,860 

5.040 

924 

447 

5,910

15,000

Minimum.

1.510 

1,090

1,330 

1,040 

1,150 

768 

241 

135 

105

105

Mean.

4,640 

1,490 

755 

2,620 

1,880 

3,420 

1,480 

3,310 

1,770 

498 

222 

464

1,890

Per 

square 

mile.

1.61

.516 

.261 

.907 

.651 

1.18 

.512 

1.15 

.612 

.172 

.077 

.161

.654

Kun-off 

depth in 

inches (on 

drainage 

area).

1.86 

.58 

.30 

1.05 

.70 

1.36 

.57 

1.33 

.68 

.20 

.09 

.18

8.90

SKUNK RIVER AT AUGUSTA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 69 N., R. 4 W., at highway bridge about one-third mile from 

Augusta post office, Des Moines County, and about 15 miles from mouth of 

Skunk River.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station 4,290 square miles; at mouth 4,350 square miles 

(measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 30 to November 15, 1913; May 27, 1915, to 

September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge about 95 feet from left 

abutment; read once daily by L. E. Williamson. Staff gage attached to downstream left side of middle pier, used by engineers of the Hydraulic Engineering 

Co. of Maine during 1913; datum of gage unknown; gage taken out by ice in 

spring of 1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change; right bank 

high and will not be overflowed; left bank will only be overflowed at extremely 

high stage; remains of old mill dam 600 feet below gage will probably make stagedischarge relation permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.1 feet at 3 p. m., 

January 21; discharge affected by ice gorge below bridge; minimum stage recorded, 

1.31 feet, August 8.

Maximum stage prior to 1916, approximately 21 feet about June 1, 1903 (discharge, nearly 40,000 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 63 second-feet, 

November 10, 1913; absolute minimum discharge at this station probably 25 

second-feet or less.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVEE BASIN. 173

Discharge measurements of Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date.

Nov. 10........................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,140

Date.

Mar. 28.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

18.04

3

00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

31,400

« Ice present when measurement was made; ice jam 3 or 4 miles below gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Day.

1... ...........

4..............

5- --.-.. -..-.--

7....-..---..-.

0

9

10--.-......--..

11..............

12..............

13

14..............

15..............

16---...-.......

17. .............

18..............

19

20..............

21.. ............

22..............

23..............

24..............

or:

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

9.2

9 C.

10.0

9 p.

8.6

7.7

8.0

7.8

7.6

6.6

6

0

6.0

5

C

4 9

4.6

4.6

4.5

A Q

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

Nov.

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3 A

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.35

3.4

3.6

3.9

4.0

4.0

3 Q

3.8

7. 7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.4

5.8

5.4

5.0

4.2

Dec.

4.0

1 7

3.4

3 A

3

0

3.25

3

0

3.2

3

0

3

1 C

3

n

3.1

3.15

3.2

2.85

2.85

2 Q

3.0

3

1

3.1

3

1

3.1

3

f)

2.85

2.85

Jan.

3.8

8 Q

9.7

10.5

<; 7

7.2

6.2

6.1

5.8

<; <;

4.4

3.6

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

15.6

17.9

16.3

8.9

14.8

14.6

10.8

9.4

6.3

Feb.

6.1

7.6

7.4

6.6

5.8

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.1

4.7

4.4

4.3

5.8

7.0

Q S

9 6

10.5

7.2

8.1

9

O

Mar.

9

0

10.4

11.4

11.7

11.1

10.7

6.1

5

0

4.6

4.3

3 Q

7. 7

3 7

3 7

3 7

9. 7

3

0

^ 7

3 7

3.8

3 7

3.6

7. 7

3 7

10.0

18.1

17.1

16.1

8.9

Apr.

6.4

4.9

4.5

4.4

4.0

4.0

3.8

7. 7

3.6

3 A

3.5

3

C

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.6

3.7

3 7

3.5

3

C

3.5

3.5

3

C

3.5

3.5

May.

3.7

4.6

5.3

5.3

4.9

4.6

4.4

4.0

"Z Q

3.8

3.7

3.6

7.4

11.8

19 1

10.6

8.6

7.7

6.6

5.3

6

O

5.5

5.6

8.0

8.4

7.4

11.5

6.3

5.7

5.3

4.9

June.

4.8

4.7

4.8

4.4

11.0

13 9

10.7

7.4

6.9

4.5

4.3

4.0

3.7

3

C

3.4

3.5

3

0

3.2

4.0

3.8

4.0

3 7

3.7

3.6

3.4

3

1

3.0

July.

3.0

3.0

2.55

2.6

2.7

2.65

3.0

2.75

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.55

2.4

2.5

2.6

3.3

2.9

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.35

2

0C

2.11

2.01

1.81

Aug.

2.11

2.45

2.2

1.91

1.61

1.66

1.76

1.31

1.76

1.96

1.96

2.95

2.9

2.7

2.35

2.3

2.35

2.35

2.2

2.11

2.01

1 91

1.91

1.51

1.76

1 Q1

1.86

1.76

1.76

Sept.

2.11

2.01

2.06

1.61

7.2

6.2

4.3

3.2

2.85

2.5

2.3

2.13

2.13

2.13

2.13

1.93

1.78

1.63

1.48

1.43

1.43

1.48

1.68

1.53

2.55

2.8

2.6

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice practically all of the period from Dec. 15 to about 

Feb. 25.

DBS MOINES RIVER AT KALO, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 17, T. 88 N., R. 28 W.,at highway bridge at Kalo, Webster County, 

about 1J miles east of Otho, a station on the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad, and 

1J miles above the mouth of Holiday Creek, which enters from the left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,170 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 18, 1913, to September 30, 1916, except October, 

1914, to March 21, 1915, when the station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge in middle of right span; 

read by S. C. Fuller.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high stages made from bridge, to which gage is attached; at low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control; channel consists of gravel and is 

fairly permanent; point of zero flow estimated to be at gage height 1.0±0.2 foot.
174 SUEPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.3 feet, February 

22 (stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice); maximum open-water 

stage recorded, 10.1 feet, March 29 (discharge, 11,900 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded since establishment of station, 0.3 foot, August 31 and September 30, 

1916 (discharge, 110 second-feet).

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 14.0 feet Mary 30, 1915 (discharge, 

18,500 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued during 

winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent throughout year. Rating 

curve well defined between 200 and 12,000 second-feet; below 200 second-feet 

extended and only roughly approximate. Gage read once daily to quarter 

tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating curve. 

Records excellent except those below 200 second-feet which are roughly 

approximate.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date.

July 19..--....-... ..................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.61

1.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7.640

420

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1...................

3...................

5.... ............. .-

6.......'. ..........

7...................

9...------.......-.. 10...................

11... ................

12...................

13...................

14...................

1 %

16...... .............

17...................

18...................

19...................

20. ..................

21 ................... 

22................... 

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27. ..................

28. ..................

29. ..................

30...-----...........

31...................

Oct.

3,720

3,340

2,980

3,720

3,980

3,460

2,980

2,860

2.740

2,740

2,520

2.410

2,410

2,300

2,300

3 4Afi

4,110

4,370

3,850

3,590 

2,980 

2,740

2,520

2,410

2,200

2,000

2,000

1,730

1,730

Nov.

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,320

1,400

1,400

3,100

4,510

4,510

4,110

3 980

3,850

3,720

3 04ft

2 980

2^740

2.410 

2,410 

2,200

2 1 ftfl

2

1 AA

2 flftft

1,480

Dec.

1,480

1,560

1,480

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,320

1 9P»n

1,180

1,110

1,040

OAK

S79

::::::::

Mar.

7,650

7 4QH

7,010 

7,010 

7,170

7 970

9 140

8; son

11 200

11 900

1 ft Sflft

Apr.

8,290

7,970

7,490

7,010

6,700

6,400

5,800

5,500

5,350

5,210

4 790

4,110

4,370

4,370

3 OCA

4,510

4 930

5,210 

5,210

5,070

4

QOA

4,510

4,650

4,240

4,110

4,110

May.

4,240

4,240

4,110

3 OCA

3,590

2,860

2,520

2,000

2,200

3 460

4,510

4,370

4,370 

4,650 

5,210

5,210

5,210

t; oeft

5,210

4,930

4,510

4,110

June.

5,210

5,500

4,930

4,110

3,460

2,630

2,000

1,910

1,400

1 9^A

1,180 

1,180 

1,250

1,400

1,250

1 640

1,480

1,480

1 4flft

"July.

1,320

1,250

1,250

1,180

970

905

840

1T^

645

645

710

645

585

COK

^9^

525

470 

420

97ft

348

one

420

QAO

qo£

Aug.

348

395

420

OQC

280

325

302

QQC

420

348

280

280

280

OOK

225

91 fl

210 

225 

210

195

180

180

180

1 Oft

1 OA

180

110

Sept.

130

195

180

180

168

195

225

280

260

240

01 ft

168

ooc

168 

195 

210

1 QC

180

370

180

110

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 18 to Mar. 18; gage-height observations discontinued.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 175

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30. 1916. 

[Drainage area, 4,170 square miles.]

Month.

March 19-31 ...................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,370 

4,510 

1,560 

11,900 

8,290 

5,350 

5,800 

1,320 

420 

370

Minimum.

1,730 

1,320 

872 

7,010 

3,850 

1,820 

1,180 

302 

110 

110

Mean.

2,850 

2,420 

1,290 

8,840 

5,250 

3,890 

2,340 

675 

278 

220

Per 

square 

mile.

0.683 

.580 

.309 

2.12 

1.26 

.933 

.561 

.162 

.067 

.053

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

"*

0.79 

.65 

.20 

1.02 

1.41 

1.08 

. .63 

.19 

.08 

.06

DES MOINES RIVER AT DES MOINES, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 78 N., R. 24 W., at the Walnut Street Bridge at Des Moines, Polk 

County, about one-third mile above mouth of Raccoon River and 205 miles above 

the mouth of the Des Moines.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,180 square miles. Effective area at high stages, including 

Raccoon River, 9,770 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 2, 1902, to August 3, 1903; October 1, 1914, to September 30, 1916, at the Walnut Street Bridge. From May 28, 1905,' to July 20, 

1908, records were collected at the Interurban Bridge near Highland Park, about 

5 miles above present station. The United States Weather Bureau has maintained a gage at the Locust Street Bridge from July 1, 1897, to January, 1912, 

and at the Walnut Street Bridge from January, 1912, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. The original Weather Bureau gage is a staff gage at the Locust Street Bridge, 

one block above the Walnut Street Bridge. In January, 1912, a Friez waterstage recorder was installed by the United States Weather Bureau in and near 

the south end of the second pier from the east abutment of the Walnut Street 

Bridge. This gage is set to read the same as Locust Street gage. A copper float 

in a 9-inch pipe connects -with the register at the top, which is graduated to 

record graphically stages from 0 to 33 feet. Gage zero is 774.74 feet above sea 

level.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made at any one of several bridges below the power 

dam, according to the stage. Channel satisfactory for accurate measurements.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A sheet-piling dam was constructed about 300 feet above 

the old mouth of Raccoon River about September, 1913. This dam, called a 

"beauty dam," is for the purpose of raising the low-water stage of the river a few 

feet, thus improving the appearance of the river through the park along the 

bank. The pooled water from this dam extends past the gage to the power dam 

at low water. The dam thus forms a permanent control at low stages. It is 

drowned out at stages of 8 to 10 feet, depending on the stage in Raccoon River.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.9 feet, October 1; 

minimum stage recorded, 1.8 feet, September 5 and 10.

]897-19l8: Maximum stage recorded, 22.8 feet, May 31,1903; minimum stage 

recorded, 0.8 foot at various times.

ICE. The effect of the power dam above the station is to improve the conditions of 

winter flow, but severe winters and occasional ice jams below the gage often 

seriously affect the stage-discharge relation.
176 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

REGULATION. The Edison Power & Light Co.'s dam, about one-fourth mile above 

gage, causes slight diurnal fluctuation of stage. The dam is practically drowned 

out at a stage of 18 feet, although there is a perceptible ripple with a stage of 21 

or 22 feet.

COOPERATION. The gage-height records are furnished by the United States Weather 

Bureau. Estimates of discharge withheld until additional data are collected.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. Herlofson: 

'July 18, 1918: Gage height, 2.68 feet; discharge, 900 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13............ .

14..............

15..............

16. ............".

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

10.8

Q 7

8.7

7.8

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.3

6.0

C Q

5 7

5.5

5.5

5.5 t; 7

5.6

5.6

6.0

6.9

7 Q

7 O

6.8

6.4

6.2

5.9

5 7

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.0

Nov.

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.8

5.1

6.6

7.2

7.1

6 9

6.7

6.4

6.3

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.4

C q

5.3

5.2

5.2

5

0

5.1

5.0

Dec.

4 9

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.6

4

C

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.6

A C

4.5

q 7

4.4

^ 7

q q

3.3

q q

3.2

3

C

3 A

3.7

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.4

4.0

3.9

Jan.

4.0

4.7

4.6

4.5

\ t;

4.4

A q

^ Q

q Q

3.8

3.8

q Q

3.4

3.8

4.0

3.8

3

0

^ 7

q 7

3.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.8

a 4. 8

Feb.

3.6

a 3. 6

3.6

3.5

3

C

3.1

q A

3 q

3.3

1 9

3.1

3 A

2 Q

3.0

A C

4.5

6.4

7.7

8.5

9.4

9.0

9.1

7 9

6.7

5.8

5.2

Mar.

4 9

4.6

4.0

q n

4.4

4.1

4.2

4.0

4.1

4.7

5.6

6.5

8.4

Q 9

9

0

9.4

8.1

8.1

8.0

7.8

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.4

8.2

9.3

10.0

10.0

9.6

Apr.

8.5

8.3

7.9

7.6

7.4

7.1

6.9

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.0

5 a

5.7

5.7

f; 7

5.6

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.7

7.7

7.8

7.2

6.9

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.9

May.

5.9

6.0

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.1

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.6

5.3

6.7

7.4

7.3

6.9

6.5

6.3

7.3

7.7

7.9

7.9

7.5

7.3

7.1

7.0

6.6

6.3

June.

6.1

5.9

5.9

6.5

7.0

7.0

6.6

6.0

5.6

5.3

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.8

4.0

4.1

3.9

July.

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.8

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.3

Aug.

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

. 2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

Sept.

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.0

2.0

a Gage read to top of ice.

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation probably more or less affected by ice from Dec. 20 to about the end 

of February.

DES MOINES RIVER AT KEOSATTQTTA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 36, T. 69 N., B. 10 W., at county bridge, Keosauqua, Van Buren 

County, one-fourth mile above old dam site and Government locks. No important tributary enters Des Moines River for several miles up or down stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station 13,900 square miles; at mouth, 14,300 square 

miles (revised measurements made from map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale 1 to 500,000.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 30, 1903, to July 21, 1906; April 5 to December 31, 1910 

(United States Engineer Corps); August 3, 1911, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to an upstream vertical of bridge; read by Frank 

Schreckengast.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel shifts considerably at flood stages. Control is a 

gravel riffle about one-fourth mile below gage.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVEE BASIN. 177

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.2 feet, March 

27 (discharge 44,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.16 foot, September 

5 and 8 (discharge 460 second-feet.)

Maximum-stage since 1850 and probably in the last century, 27.9 feet June 1, 

1903 (discharge, 97,000 second-feet); maximum stage June 1, 1851, about 24 feet 

(discharge, about 80,000 second-feet.)

1903-1916: Minimum stage recorded, zero August 28 to September 6, 1911 

(discharge, 160 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent for low and medium stages 

from October 1 to July 18, and a rating curve well denned between 1,500 and 

15,000 second-feet and fairly well defined above 15,000 second-feet was used. 

Subsequent to July 18, the indirect method for shifting control was used. Gage 

read once daily to half tenths. Stage-discharge relation December 19 to January 

1, January 6 to 21, and February 5 to 19, affected by ice; discharge estimated 

from observer's notes, weather records, and one discharge measurement. Openwater records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements ofDes Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 15o

Made by 

Herlofson and Wilson. .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.60

2.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,460

6,230

Date.

Juiy IS

Made by .Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,970

a Measurement made under ice cover.

Daily discharge in second-feet, ofDes Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

29,200

29,500

27,800

25,600

22,200

18,800

16,200

14,900

13,700

12,400

11,800

10,900

10,300

9,430

9,140

8,850

9,430

9,720

9,140

9,430

11,800

13,000

13,000

12,100

11,200

10,000

9,140

S oon

7,720

7 440

S

oon

Nov.

6,610

6 340

6,070

5,800

5,530

5

o«ft

5,000

4,480

4,480

4,480

4 480

5,000

6,070

9,430

11,800

11,800

11,200

10,600

10,000

9 14/1

8,000

7,160

7,160

7,720

7,160

6,610

6,610

6,070

Dec.

S

ortfl

S

con

5,260

5,000

4 480

4,480

4 480

4 480

4,480

4,220

4,220

4.220

4,220

3,720

2,880

2,160

2,160

2,000

1,800

1,500

Jan.

3

nnn

6,070

6,070

5,000

3,500

2,000

1,800

12,000

20,200

12,400

8,850

8,850

9,430

16,500

13,000

11,500

7,160

7 

' 160

Feb.

5,530

4 "40

3,970

3,000

2

rftA

2,000

1,800

1,500

1,460

2,000

3 nnn

5,000 in fifift

13,700

14 900

14*000

OQ Qfift

28,800 OK nnn

22,200

18,200

16,200

13,700

Mar.

12 400

10,300

6, 880

6,070

5

KQA

5,530

4 740

4', 740

5,000

5, 530

6,610

12,700

13,700

15,200

17,800

17,800

15,200

14,900

13, 700

iq Ann

12,700

15,600

36,800

42,500

25,600

20,800

20,800

Apr.

19,500

18,200

16,900

14,900

13,700

19 inn

11,800

11,200

10,600

10 000

9,430

9,140

8,850

8,560

8,280

8,140

8,000

7,720

7,720

8,280

8,850

8,850

8,900

13,700

13,000

11,800

10,600

9,720

9,140

14,000

May.

17,500

16,500

12,100

11,500

10,300

9,140

7,720

7,160

6,610

6,070

9,430

15,200

25,300

28,100

21,200

20,500

21,500

17, 500

14,600

14,100

13,700

14,900

29, 500

24,200

17,500

16,200

15,100

14,000

13,000

17 inn

Jnne.

10,900

10,000

9,140

8,859

8,560

14,900

14,300

11,500

10,600

9,140

8,000

6,880

6,070

5,530

5,000

4,740

4,480

4,220

3,970

3,720

4,220

4,480

4,220

4,480

3,970

3,470

3.220

Si 220

3,220

3,470

July.

3,470'

3,470

3,470

2,990

4,220

2,990

2,660

2,560

2,460

2,360

2,260

2,160

1,970

1,880

1,880

2,020

2,160

1,970

2,060

1,970

1,970

1,790

1,700

1,620

1,530

1,450

1,450

1,370

1,290

1,290

1,290

Aug.

1,140

1,140

1,070

1,070

1,140

1,030

920

920

920

920

1,290

990

1,060

1,140

1,210

1,210

1,140

1,070

990

955

920

772

772

772

708

600

572

545

546

545

600

Sept.

636

636

607

578

470

512

512

460

512

506

501

501

501

501

501

501

800

990

850

772

696

696

648

591

534

523

811

753

6%

636

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 22, Dec. 16, Mar. 19, Apr. 2, 9,13,16, May 7, 21,28, June 4,11,18, 2">, July 2, 9,16, 

23, 30, Aug. 6, 13, 20, 27, Sept. 3, 10, 24, 28, and 29, interpolated. Discharge Apr. 23, 30, and Sept. 17, estimated. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec, 19, to Jan. 1, Jan. 6-21, and Feb. 5-19. Braced figures 

show mean discharge for periods included.

6342° 18 -WSP 435 12
178 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 13,900 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

29,500 

11,800 

5,800 

20,200 

29,900

42,500 

19.500 

29,500 

14,900 

4,220 

1,290 

990

42,500

Minimum.

6,680 

4,480

4,740 

7,720 

6,070 

3,220 

1,290 

545 

460

460

Mean.

13,500 

7,120 

3,110 

5,980 

8,690 

14,000 

11,100 

15,200 

6,620 

2,180 

925 

614

7,420

Per 

square 

mile.

0.971 

.512 

.224 

.430 

.625 

1.01 

.799 

1.09 

.476 

.157 

.066 

.044

.534

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.12 

.57 

.26 

.50 

.67 

1.16 

.89 

1.26 

.53 

.18 

.08 

.05

7.27

RACCOON RIVER AT VAN METER, IOWA.

LOCATION. In the SW. £ sec. 22, T. 78., R. 27 W. at highway bridge about one-third 

mile from railroad station, about a mile below South Raccoon River, and 30 miles 

above junction of Raccoon River with Des Moines River.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 3,410 square miles; at mouth, 3, 590 square miles 

(measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey, scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 25,1915, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge about 25 feet from 

right end of bridge; read by E. C. Trindle and Fred Vreeland.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand; subject to change. River divided 

into two channels at low and medium stages by an island with the water surface 

slightly higher in the left channel than in the right at extreme low water; right 

bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank subject to overflow at a stage of 

about 13 feet. At extreme high stage this overflow will extend for several thousand feet beyond left end of bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.7 feet at 6 a. m., 

October 1 (discharge, 14,800 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.8 feet, August 29, 

19* 16 (discharge, 60 second-feet).

1915-16: Maximum stage recorded, 15.8 feet, May 29, 1915 (discharge, 22,900 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.8 feet August 29, 1916 (discharge, 60 

second-feet). Gage heights published in Water-Supply Paper 405 under "Extremes of discharge," p. 177, should be increased 2.00 feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued during 

winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent throughout year. Rating curve well 

denned between 155 and 15,000 second-feet. Gage read once daily to hundredths. 

Discharge ascertained by applying gage heights to rating table. Open-water 

records excellent, except for extremely low stages, for which they are fair.
UPPER, MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 1T9

Discharge measurements of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date.

Mar.18... ....................

July 19. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.16

2.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,530

338

Date.

July 19.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

341

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1 ..................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10. ..................

11 ..................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18. ..................

19...................

20...................

21 ..................

22. ..................

23...................

24...................

25. ..................

26

27...................

28...................

29...................

30. ..................

31...................

Oct.

14,800

12,400

10,500

9,070

7,260

5,840

4,560

4,560

4,440

3,850

3,300

2,880

3,190

3,620

3,300

3,520

4 080

4^ 680

4,680

4,200

3,620

2,880

2,780

2,380

2,200

2,020

1,930

1,840

Nov.

1,760

1,680

1,520

1,520

1 440

1,360

1,360

1,360

1 3fift

1,840

3,740

3,960

4,200

4,080

2,980

2,680

2,480

2,290

2,200

2,110

1,930

1,840

1,760

1,680

1,600

1,440

Dec.

1,440

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,210

1,210

1,070

940

875

810

745

745

Mar.

3,620

3,190

2,780

2,480

2,290

2,200

2,380

2,980

3,520

3,620

2,980

2,580

2,290

Apr.

2,200

2,110

2,020

1,840

1,840

1,680

1,600

1,520

1,440

1 440

1,440

1,440

1,440

1 440

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,680

2,200

2,980

2,380

2,290

1,840

1,600

1,440

1,280

1,140

1,210

May.

1,280

1,280

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,070

1,000

940

875

810

745

715

715

1,440

2,290

2,880

3,300

3,190

3,080

2,780

2,680

2,780

3,300

3,740

3,960

3,960

3,850

3,190

2,680

2,290

1,930

June.

1,760

1,680

1,520

1,440

1,520

1,840

1,600

1,360

1,210

1 140

1,070

940

875

810

745

685

655

655

655

625

595

565

625

685

715

745

745

810

745

685

July.

625

565

565

505

505

505

JKA

395

340

290

320

275

330

OQC

422

450

422

368

325

208

240

208

255

183

183

110

110

119

149

155

Aug.

152

149

104

104

98

134

81

110

68

62

85

62

218

305

310

245

183

110

110

110

85

85

81

68

81

68

64

68

60

68

64

Sept.

75

72

68

66

64

72

68

75

68

72

75

395

450

535

368

290

940

104

195

91

110

81

81

85

75

81

125

75

63

395

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 20, to Mar. 18; observations discontinued Jan. 9 

to Mar. 4.

Monthly discharge of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 3,410 square miles.]

Month.

March 19-31 ...................................

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,800 

'4,200 

1,440 

3,620 

2,980 

3,960 

1,840 

625 

310 

535

Minimum.

1,840 

1,360 

745 

2,200 

1,140 

715 

565 

110 

60 

63

Mean.

4,630 

2,170 

1,160 

2,840 

1,680 

2,140 

990 

331 

116 

154

Per 

square 

mile.

1.36 

.636 

.340 

.833 

.493 

.628 

.290 

.097 

.034 

.045

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.57 

.71 

.24 

.40 

.55 

.72 

.32 

.11 

.04 

.05
180 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

KANKAKEE RIVER AT MOMENCE, ILL.

LOCATION. In Bee. 24, T. 31 N., R. 13 E., at highway bridge in Momence, Kankakee 

County, about half a mile below the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad bridge 

and 1J miles above Tower Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,340 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 22, 1905, to July 20, 1906; December 3, 1914, to 

September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge over left channel; read by Oscar Conrad.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge acrosB the two 

channels.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock; practically permanent; river at gage divided 

into two channels by an island. Aquatic plants sometimes grow in bed of river 

during summer. Recent measurements show that there has been a change in 

the stage-discharge relation as expressed by the rating curve used prior to July 

20, 1916.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.5 feet at 11 

a. m. January 21 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice). 

Maximum stage recorded during open-water periods of the year, 6.4 feet at 8 a. m. 

January 22 (discharge estimated from extension of rating curve, 12,600 secondfeet); minimum stage, 1.55 feet August 29, 30, and 31 (discharge, 390 secondfeet).

1905-6 and 1915-16: Maximum stage, that of January, 1916. Minimum discharge 360 second-feet, July 13 to 20, 1906.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as slightly affected by 

growth of aquatic plants in bed of river about October 1 to December 15 and seriously affected by ice during winter. Rating curve well denned between 330 

and 3,100 second-feet, and fairly-well denned above 3,100 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily-gage heights to rating table except for period in which the stage-discharge 

relation was affected by growth of aquatic plants, when the indirect method 

for shifting control was used. Records good for open-water periods and roughly 

approximate for winter period.

Discharge measurements of Kankakee River at Momence, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 30

Nov. 23

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.95

2.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Date.

Aug. IS

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet.

1

QQ

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

ftftO

a Aquatic growth in bed of river.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI KIVEK BASIN. 181

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Karikalee River at Momence, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18............

19..............

20............

21..........

22............

23..............

24..........

25............

26............

27..............

28..........

29..............

30..........

31............

Oct.

1,240

1,240

1,150

1,070

990

990

915

915

840

915

840

784

812

798

784

784"

812

812

812

812

Ql o

840

826

826

826

812

Nov.

812

798

784

784

770

770

770

756

756

756

770

756

770

770

756

770

770

770

840

915

915

990

1,070

990

QOfi

1,070

1,070

1,150

1,150

Dec.

1,150

1.150

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

990

990

990

1,070

1,240

1,240

1,240

ftftn

Jan.

1,650

5,870

10,500

4 640

4,370

4,370

4,640

5,180

5,460

6,300

Feb.

3,220

1,530

Mar.

1,390

1,940

2,860

3,350

3,350

3,350

3,100

3,850

4,110

4,110

4,110

4,110

Apr.

4,110

4,110

4,370

4,370

4,370

4,370

4,370

4,370

4,110

4,110

3,850

3,600

3,600

3,350

3,350

3,100

3,100

2,980

2,980

2,740

2,500

2,390

2

OQA

2,160

1 940

1,720

1,720

1,720

May.

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,620

2,860

2,860

2,860

2,500

2,390

2,620

3 350

3,350

3,600

S fiftft

3,850

3,850

June.

3,850

3,600

3,350

3,100

2,860

2,860

2,860

2,980

2,860

2,860

2,860

2,740

2,620

2,620

2,740

2,980

2,980

2,860

2,860

2,980

3,350

3,850

3,350

0 OKA

3,350

3

1 r\n

3

1 r\n

3,100

July.

3,100

3,100

3,100

2,980

2,740

2,620

2,500

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,280

2,160

1,940

1,830

1,720

1,720

1,520

1,420

1 330

1^330

1,240

1,150

1,070

900

855

Aug.

840

784

742

700

700

700

674

648

622

570

1,620

1,420

990

855

798

756

674

635

609

596

570

570

522

522

4QS

474

414

390

402

Sept.

414

438

438

438

450

885

870

870

870

870

870

840

812

756

756

742

728

714

661

622

583

570

570

546

546

534

661

990

930

900

NOTE. Discharge Oct. 1 to Dec. 15 determined by indirect method for shifting control, because of backwater from aquatic plants growing in bed of river. Discharge Dec. 19 to Jan. 21 and Feb. 1 to Mar. 20 estimated, because of ice, from gage height records, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Kankakee River at Momence, III., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,340 square miles.]

Month.

April ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,240 

1,150

4,110

4,370 

3,850 

3,850 

3,100 

1,620 

990

Minimum.

784 

756

1,720 

1,620 

2,620 

855 

390 

414

390

Mean.

881 

870 

971 

4,360 

2,400 

2,130 

3,170 

2,440 

3,090 

2,020 

682 

696

1,980

Per 

square 

mile.

0.376 

.372 

.415 

1.86 

1.03 

.910 

1.35 

1.04 

1.32 

.863 

.291 

.297

.846

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.43 

.42 

.48 

2.14 

1.11 

1.05 

1.51 

1.20 

1.47 

.99 

.34 

.33

11.47

KANKAKEE RIVER AT OUSTER PARK, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 19, T. 32 N., R. 10 E., at the Wabash Railroad bridge in Ouster 

Park, Will County, about half a mile above Horse Creek and about 15 miles below 

the dam at Kankakee.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,870 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 6, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAQE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by J. H. Swords.
182 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock strewn with large boulders and gravel; right half 

of channel deep, with fissures in bed; left half shallow. Probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.9 feet at 7 a. m., 

February 2 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum 

stage during open-water periods, 10.4 feet May 17 and 18 (discharge, 13,600 secondfeet); minimum stage, 4.63 feet at 5 p. m. September 9 (discharge, 343 secondfeet).

1915-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 12.6 feet July 11, 1915 (discharge, 21,300 

second-feet); minimum stage, 4.09 feet November 15, 1914 (discharge not determined); .mean discharge for the day, estimated 250 second-feet.

REGULATION. Operation of power plant at Kankakee causes slight fluctuation at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; seriously affected by ice 

during winter. Rating curve well defined above 1,130 second-feet; extended 

below 1,130 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Records for 

open-water periods good except for stages below 1,100 second-feet; winter records 

poor.

Discharge measurements of Kankakee River at Custer Park, III., during the year ending

 Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Aug. 14

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

5 KG

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

i ^no

1,300

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kankakee River at Custer Park, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

1^

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

97

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

4,150

3,470

2,690

2,500

2,320

1,820

1 740

1,670

1,520

1,520

1,600

1,600.

1,520

1,670

1,740

1,670

1,670

1,520

1 380

1 ' 9^/1

1,250

1,250

Nov.

1,380

1,250

1,190

1,010

1,130

1,130

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,380

1,380

1,450

1,600

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,670

1 740

1^670

1,670

Dec.

1,670

1,600

1,670

1,600

1,670

1,600

1, 520

1,520

1,450

1,670

1,820

1,450

1,000

Jan.

5,450

12,200

Feb.

8,300

Mar.

2,220

4,150

4,630

4,880

5,130

3,470

8,480'

8 790

8,480

5,130

Apr.

7,580

7,580

7,290

7,000

6,720

5,640

5,130

4,880

4,630

4 390

4,150

3,910

3,680

3,910

3,470

3,270

3,270

2,880

2,690

2,600

2,500

2,600

2,410

2,500

2,320

May.

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,240

2,240

2,240

2,320

2,880

3,680

3 970

2 690

2, 320

3,470

8,790

12,600

13,300

13, 300

12,000

10,400

8,480

7,000

5,900

5 380

4,880

4,630

4,630

4,880

5 640

6,720

7,000

June.

7,000

6,720

6,440

5,640

5,130

4,390

4,390

4,880

6,170

7,000

7,000

6,720

6,170

5,380

5,380

5,640

6,440

6,440

6,170

5,380

6,720

7,580

7,880

7,880

7,000

5,900

6,170

6,170

5,130

July.

5,130

4,630

4,390

3,680

3,680

3,270

2,880

2 690

2,320

2,410

2 600

2,410

2,410

2,320

2,150

2,320

2,150

2,150

1,900

1,600

1,670

1,380

1,670

1,450

1,380

1 9^fi

1,130

1,130

955

1,010

Aug.

900

900

748

848

748

797

748

797

CKK

1,010

1,900

1,130

797

900

QAA

848

748

748

797

700

655

655

655

655

655

610

610

568

568

Sept.

K77

KOC

C-IO

412

527

700

QAA

QAO

748

900

848

QAA

QA*»

900

955

900

848

848

QOft

848

797

700

700

655

700

655

700

900

QAA

955

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 14 to Mar. 22 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 183

Monthly discharge of Kankakee River at Ouster Park, III., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 4,870 square miles.]

Month.

October. .......................................

December .....................................

January .......................................

March. ........................................

April. .........................................

May...........................................

June.. .........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,150 

1,740 

1,820

8,790

7,580 

13,300 

7,880 

5,130 

1,900 

955

Minimum.

1,250 

1,010

2,320 

2,240 

4,390 

955 

568 

412

412

Mean.

1,890 

1,270 

1,250 

7,850 

4,950 

3,290 

4,290 

5,560 

6,160 

2,340 

818 

774

3,360

Per

square 

mile.

0.388 

.261 

.257 

1.61 

1.02 

.676 

.881 

1.14 

1.26 

.480 

.168 

.159

.690

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.45 

.29 

.30 

1.86 

1.10 

.78 

98 

1.31 

1.41 

.55 

.19

.18

9.40

DES PLAINES RIVER AT LEMONT, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 37 N., R. 11 E., at concrete highway bridge at Stephens 

Street, about a quarter of a mile north.of main section of Lemont, Cook County; 

8 miles above junction of Des Plaines River and the Chicago Drainage canal.

DRAINAGE AREA. 705 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 4, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Enamel staff gage, attached to bridge; read by William Week, Jr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock; aquatic plants cover bed of river during summer. A concrete dam forming a new control was built across the channel about 

500 feet below the gage August 20.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.1 feet January 

23 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice). Maximum stage 

recorded during open-water periods, 5.9 feet at 9 a. m. and 5 p. m. June 10 (discharge, 3,380 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.73 foot at 5 a. m. August 5 (discharge, 7 second-feet).

1915-1916: Maximum stage recorded, same as for 1916; minimum stage, 0.60 

foot November 26, 1914 (discharge, 3.9 second-feet; measured by current meter).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; affected by growth of aquatic plants 

in channel during October, July, and August; seriously affected by ice during 

winter; changed by construction of concrete dam about 500 feet below gage 

August 20. Rating curve used till August 20 fairly well denned between 60 and 

3,140 second-feet, and fairly well defined beyond these limits; curve used after 

that date fairly well defined. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating tables except 

for periods in which the stage-discharge relation was affected by growth of aquatic 

plants, for which the indirect method for shifting control was used. Records good 

except for periods when ice or aquatic plants were present.
184 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Des Plaines River at Lemont, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 23

Nov. 13

26

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.75

1 00

1.32

5.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

O7Q

142

2,330

Date.

Aug. 11

13

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.55

2.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o28.2

18.6

23.3

a Grass growing in channel. 

NOTE. After Aug. 20,1916, the control consisted of a concrete dam about 500 feet downstream from gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Lemont, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5. .............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

500

478

456

434

413

373

279

225

192

1Q9

162

138

125

115

110

171

99 1;

298

279

279

316

335

354

354

335

225

180

Nov.

146

135

130

130

122

122

122

122

115

110

94

70

62

KT\

42

25

10

52

115

148

125

135

151

174

99^

335

Dec.

413

413

354

335

335

01 ft

298

279

170

Jan.

445

1,920

Feb.

900

1 235

Mar.

200

170

208

260

225 O*>7

248

260

97Q

298

522

1,320

3,140

3,020

2,790

Apr.

2

KQA

2,380

2,280

1 990

1,810

1,560

1 39ft

1,180

1,120

887

613

500

456

393

VKA

335

335

373

478

545

636

590

478

434

373

335

May.

354

456

500

478

413

354

298

242

192

208

456

500

456

354

298

279

192

177

165

148

192

157

157

174

June.

335

335

298

298

279

225

434

1,900

3,020

3,380

3,020

2,590

2,180

1,990

1,900

1,720

1,480

1,400

1,250

1,120

1,000

780

780

832

1,060

943

832

July.

659

554

465

854

932

725

527

373

260

205

151

120

105

70

83

57

48

64

70

85

70

62

37

34

32

27

23

23

21

Aug.,

15

12

9

7

7

10

10

13

12

10

27

24

15

13

18

18

13

20

Sept.

1

I 32

1

35

37

39

31

27

91

14

21

12

17

23

23

20

17

19

14

11

18

12

11

12

12

18

17

21

NOTE. Discharge Oct. 1-20 and July 1 to Aug. 20 determined by indirect method for shifting control 

because of aquatic plants growing in channel. Discharge Dec. 10 to Mar. 11 estimated, because of ice, from 

gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. No gage-height record for Mar. 13; 16, 20, 21, 23, and 

25; discharge interpolated. Discharge Aug. 21 to Sept. 5, while pond behind dam was filling, was estimated. 

Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RJVEE BASIN. 185

Monthly discharge ofDes Plaines River at Lemont, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 705 square' miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

May...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

500 

335 

413

3,140 

2,590 

500 

3,380 

932

39

3,380

Minimum.

110 

18

316 

140 

225 

21

7

7

Mean.

272 

124 

219 

968 

579 

614 

873 

290 

1,460 

227 

16.0 

21.8

470

Per 

square 

mile.

0.386 

.176 

.311 

1.37 

.821 

.871 

1.24 

.411 

2.07 

.322 

.023 

'.031

.667

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

.20 

.36 

1.58 

.89 

1.00 

1.38 

.47 

2.31 

.37 

.03 

.03

9.06

DES PLAINES RIVER AT JOLIET, ILL.

LOCATION. In the NE. \ sec. 9, T. 35 N., R. 10 E., at Jackson Street Bridge, Joliet, 

Will County, about 1,200 feet upstream from Cass Street Bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 3, 1914, to September 30, 1916; on original chain 

gage September 5 to December 19, 1914.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder, installed December 3, 1914. Chain 

gage attached-to upstream side of bridge at Cass Street read from September 5 to 

December 19, 1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of Cass Street Bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel excavated in solid rock, with a concrete wall on 

either side; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge during days of record 

for the year, 13,200 second-feet, June 10, minimum mean daily discharge, 5,880 

second-feet, March 5.

1914-1916: Maximum mean daily discharge during days of record, 13,200 

second-feet, June 10, 1916; minimum mean daily discharge, 5,420 second-feet, 

April 25, 1915.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted to the Illinois & Michigan canal at Dam No. 1, 

about 100 feet above the gage.

REGULATION. Flow past the gage is largely regulated by the operation of the power 

plant of the Chicago Sanitary District at Lockport, which utilizes the flow of 

the Chicago Drainage Canal and, to a lesser extent, by the operation of the Economy Light & Power Co.'s plant, about 100 feet above gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice during winter. 

Rating curve well defined. Operation of the water-stage recorder satisfactory 

throughout year, except during extremely cold periods of the winter, for which 

no records are given. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. 

Records excellent.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. Beckman:

August 12, 1916: Gage height, 5.08 feet; discharge, 9,410 second-feet. The flow in

the Illinois & Michigan canal, diverting water around the gage, was 374 second-feet,

as measured by current meter. 
186 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11............

12..............

13..............

14............

15............

16............

17..............

18............

19... ..........

20..............

21..............

22..............

23............ .

24............ .

25..............

26............

27..............

28............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

8,500

8,120

8, 100

8,370

8,250

8,260

8,0.80

8,230

7,700

7,600

7,790

6,930

7,140

7,170

7,290

6,980

7,450

7,770

7,510

7,460

7,280

7,480

7,540

7,400

7,850

7,840

7,970

7,890

7,380

6,800

Nov.

7,890

7,810

7,780

7,600

7,830

7,130

6,830

7,340

7,700

8,130

7,950

8,230

7,820

6,700

8,060

8,350

8,100

8,270

8,260

8,040

6,540

8,630

8,480

6,700

8,420

8,220

6,560

8,040

8,530

Dec.

8,480

8,520

8,590

8,140

7,780

8,200

8,780

8,210

8,180

8,950

7,780

6,580

8,000

8,460

8,730

8,430

7,940

7,480

(a)

(0)

/a \

(a)

(a)

(a)

6,640

(a) Co1)

(a)

(a)

Jan.

(a)

6,820

8 820

8^800

(a)

(a)

6,320

8,360

8,030

(a)

(a)

(a)

6,640

(a

(a

(«

(")

13,000

12,100

11,400

10 600

10,600

10 800

9,430

8,920

10 

' 600

Feb.

9,330

9,100

8,670

68,450

67,740

6,980

(0)

(0)

(a)

(a)

67,640

6,590

8,080

7,590

7,790

8,120

7,940

7,450

6,560

8,140

7 860

8'220

8, 150

8,170

7,720

6,530

8,320

7,890

Mar.

8,070

7,750

7,930

7,280

5,880

7,890

7,670

7,550

7,920

7,500

6,990

6,080

7,560

8,000

8,020

7,950

7,870

7,170

6,030

8,080

8,050

7,600

8,180

7,820

7,510

10,300

12,400

12,200

11,700

Apr.

10,800

10,300

10,600

10,000

9,760

9,260

8,830

8,570

7,530

8,130

7,940

7,640

7,580

7,810

7,050

6,570

7,290

7,440

7,380

7,600

7,730

7,400

7,120

7,460

7,660

7,640

7,610

7,470

6,970

7,340

May.

7,460

7,260

7,550

7,100

7,250

7,480

7,570

7,270

7,570

7,530

7,300

7,700

7,620

8,180

8,270

7,660

7,980

7,850

8,120

7,920

7,860

8,160

8,500

7,610

7,580

7,700

8,700

7,890

7,800

7,740

8, 150

June.

7,850

7,830

7,710

7,600

7,950

8,280

8,730

10,900

12,800

13,200

13,000

11,800

11,600

11,300

9,430

(a)

(a)

9,510

9,800

9,290

9,940

10,500

10 ^00

9,500

9,220

9,770

10,200

9 970

9,500

10,100

July.

9,620

9,350

9,490

9,480

10,000

9,760

9.300

9,140

9,490

9,310

9,290

9,150

9,210

9,240

8,920

9,510

9,010

9,400

9,450

9,210

9,270

9,100

8,720

9,110

9,100

8,760

8,850

8,690

 8,900

Aug.

9,110

9,000

8,390

8,740

8,540

8,650

8,700

8,880

8,790

8,420

8,940

8,300

8,900

8,940

8,680

8,690

8,550

8,360

8,280

7,840

8,720

8,720

8,370

8,480

8,650

8,240

8,670

8,300

S

QCrt

7,560

Sept.

7,410

7,700

8,130

8,100

7,860

8,330

8,320

(a)

(0)

8,390

8,430

8,190

8,180

8,480

8,540

7,400

7,750

7,710

7,810

7,830

8,040

8,050

6, 570

7,310

7,700

7,460

7,420

7,620

7,740

7,100

a No record.

6 Discharge partly estimated because of incomplete gage record.

NOTE. Daily discharge in the above table does not include the flow in the Illinois & Michigan canal 

(see " Diversions" in the station description).

Monthly discharge of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Month.

October

November.

April...........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,500 

8,630 

12,400 

10,800

Minimum.

6,800 

6,540 

5,880 

6,570

Mean.

7,680 

7,810 

8,210 

8,080

Month.

July............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,700 

13,200

10,000 

9,110

Minimum.

7,100

7,480 

7,560

Mean.

7,750

9,170 

8,550

NOTE. Discharge in the above table does not include flow of the Illinois & Michigan canal, which diverts 

water around the gage. See " Diversions " in station description and measurement of flow in the canal made 

Aug. 12.

FOX RIVER AT ALGONQOTN, ILL.

LOCATION. In the NW. J sec. 34, T. 43 N., R. 8 E. third principal meridian, at 

Chicago Street Bridge in Algonquin, McHenry County, about 100 feet above 

Public Service Co. 's dam and 500 feet above Crystal Lake outlet.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1915, to September 30. 1916.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

GAGE. Enamel staff gage, attached to concrete abutment of bridge; read to hundredths twice daily by Edward Ped^sen.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVEE BASIN". 187

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a concrete dam about 100 feet below gage; permanent.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge; at low stages made 

by wading below dam.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.3 feet at 6 p. m. 

March 31; minimum stage, 0.98 foot August 7 and 8.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. Water diverted to operate grist mill at dam, which runs an average of 

about 4 hours a day, except Sundays, during September to March, inclusive. 

If total used for each day were uniformly distributed it would probably average 

less than 5 second-feet and never exceed 8 second-feet.

Date inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Fox River at Algonquin, III., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

Date.

Oct. 2o

2

12

16

27

Made byWilliam Kessler. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.82

2.84

2.29

2.18

1.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,730

2,420

1.460

1,380

1,010

Date.

Nov. 22o

29

Sept. 8

8

Made by 

William Kessler........

.....do.................

.....do.................

«.

Feet. 

1.46

1.88

1.22

1.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

639

993

368

353

a Measurement made at railway bridge 1,000 feet below gage. 

Daily gage height, infeet, of Fox River at Algonguin, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2.............

3..............

4............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.8

2.85

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.90

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.75

Nov.

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.48

1.44

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.42

1.44

1.46

1.46

1.49

1.48

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.50

1.6

1.65

1.75

1.9

1.95

Dec.

145

2/0

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.48

1.46

1.46

1.44

1.42

1.42

1.42

1.41

1.40

1.38

1.38

Jan.

1.41

1.45

1.49

1.55

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1 7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.65

1.8

2.10

2.5

2.85

2.95

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

Feb.

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.85

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.15

2.1

2 05

2.05

2.05

2.1

2.25

2.30

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.25

.......

Mar.

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

2.0

1.9

1.95

2.2

2.55

3.3

3.8

4.1

4.3

4.8

Apr.

4.7 4 <;

4.4

4 1

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.5

2 4

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2 4

2.4

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

May.

2.35

2.3

2 25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2 25

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

1 Q*>

1 Q

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.65

June.

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.6

1 Q

2.25

2.65

2.75

2.75

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.75

2 7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

July.

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.49

1.42

1.37

1.33

1.29

1.25

1.20

1.15

1.11

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.08

1.07

1.06

1.06

1.06

1.05

1.04

1.04

1.03

1.03

Aug.

1.02

1.02

1.00

1.00

.99

.98

.98

.99

1.04

1.12

1.17

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.17

1.16

1.16

1.16

1.16

1.16

1.16

1.16

1.15

1.15

1.14

1.14

1.14

1.14

Sept.

1.14

1.14

1.14

1.14

1.15

1.18

1.20

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.24

1.24

1.24

1.24

1.24

1.31

1.35

1.36

1.36

1.36

1.38

1.40

1.41

1.41

1.42

1.42

1.43

1.44

1.44
188 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

FOX RIVER AT WEDRON, ILL.

LOCATION . In sec. 9, T. 34 N., R. 4 E., at highway bridge at Wedron, La Salle County, 

about 1,000 feet above Buck Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 5, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Burt Hathaway.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of river at measuring section is soft and probably 

shifts. Control about 1,000 feet downstream composed of coarse gravel and large 

boulders; seldom shifts.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.4 feet at 5 p. m. 

February 3 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice). Maximum 

open-water stage recorded, 13.8 feet at 6 a. m. March 28 (discharge, 16,700 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded during year, 5.71 feet at 6 p. m. September 9 (discharge, 280 second-feet).

1915-16: Maximum stage recorded, same as for 1916. Minimum stage recorded, 

5.62 feet November 20,1914 (discharge, 105 second-feet, by current-meter measurement).

REGULATION. Slight diurnal fluctuation is caused by operation of power plants at 

and above Montgomery.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly by high water and ice jams 

during winter; seriously affected by ice during winter. Rating curve used to 

January 20 well defined; curve used after that date well defined between 275 

and 11,300 second-feet, and fairly well defined beyond these limits. Gage read 

to hundredths twice daily. Diurnal fluctuation only slight. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating tables. Records good 

for open-water periods and poor for winter period.

Discharge measurements of Fox River at Wedron, III., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Mar.29. .........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

11.33

5.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

388

Date. Gage 

height..

Feet. 

5.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

355
UPPER MISSISSIPPI KIVEE BASIN. 189

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Fox River at Wedron, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,200

3,200

3,030

3,030

2,870

2,870

2,720

2,570

2,430

2,300

2,170

2,170

2,050

1,930

1,810

1,810

1.930

2,300

2,050

1,930

1,810

1,810

1,590

1,640

1,490

1,340

1,340

1,240

Nov.

1,140

1,190

1,000

1,090

1,040

1,000

1,000

1,040

1,000

910

910

865

820

694

616

1,000

865

865

1,000

1,190

1,090

955

1,090

1,000

1,000

1,440

1,490

1,490

1,700

Dec.

1,810

1,700

1,700

1,490

1,700

1,640

1,700

1,540

1,540

1,490

1,390

1,340

1,240

1,240

1,140

1,090

1,190

1,040

1,000

950

Jan.

 1,370

7,400

Feb.

[2,700

Mar.

1,800

1,220

1,260

1,260

1,360

2,050

1,820

2

C7ft

5,520

5,080

1 ^ *UV1

8,800

8,530

Apr.

9,340

9,340

8,530

8,010

7,230

6,710

5,980

5,080

4,660

4,250

3,680

3,500

3

00ft

3,020

2,720

2,720

2,570

2,430

2,570

2,430

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,300

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,050

May.

2,170

2,300

2,300

2,170

2,050

1,930

1,930

1,820

1,820

1 660

1,560

1,460

1,510

1 360

2,050

1,660

1,510

1,460

1,410

1,410

1,360

1,510

1,310

1,260

1,220

1,180

954

1,310

1,310

June.

1,360

1,930

1,460

1,260

1,080

1,260

3.020

6,220

8.270

6,460

5,520

5,080

4,450

5,980

4,660

4,450

4 050

3' 680

3,500

4,450

3,860

3,680

3,170

2,720

2,430

2,570

2,050

1,930

July.

1,040

954

997

954

871

830

790

751

712

790

712

603

568

603

603

568

535

568

568

568

603

568

535

535

471

440

471

434

428

751

344

Aug.

428

502

423

405

399

394

377

394

377

399

502

502

471

423

440

502

434

423

399

399

411

502

535

411

394

399

382

382

440

440

411

Sept.

417

411

428

417

360

638

603

568

568

568

411

471

638

568

535

535

568

502

603

568

568

568

568

568

502

638

638

568

568

568

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 20 to Mar. 16 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Fox River at Wedron, III., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,500 square miles.]

Month.

O ctober .......................................

March .........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,200 

1,700 

1,810

15,500

9,340 

2,570 

8,270 

1,040 

535 

638

Minimum.

1,240 

616

2,050 

954 

1,080 

344 

377 

360

344

Mean.

2,120 

1,050 

1,240 

3,510 

2,700 

3,520 

4,110 

1,630 

3,600 

650 

429 

538

2,080

Per 

square 

mile.

0.848 

.420 

.496 

1.40 

1.08 

1.41 

1.64 

.652 

1.44 

.260 

.172 

.215

.832

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.98 

.45 

.57 

1.61 

1.16 

1.63 

1.83 

-75 

1.61 

.30 

.20 

.24

11.33

VERMILION RIVER NEAR STREATOR, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 30 N., R. 3E. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

known as Bridge No. 3, about H miles south of Streator, La Salle County, and 

100 feet below the Santa Fe Railway bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,080 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 27, 1914, to September 30, 1916. : GAGE. Chain gage attached to highway bridge; read by Mark Morse. !
190 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rocks; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.4 feet at 4 

p. m. January 21 (discharge estimated from extension of rating curve, 16,000 

second-feet); minimum stage, 0.49 foot, August 23 and August 30 to September 2 

(discharge, 0.9 second-foot).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 22.4 feet January 21, 1916, (discharge 

estimated from extension of rating curve, 16,000 second-feet); minimum stage 

0.45 foot August 16 and 17, 1914 (discharge, 0.7 second-foot).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; seriously affected by 

ice during periods in December, January, and February. Rating curve well 

denned between 300 and 2,500 second-feet, and fairly well defined between 10 

and 300 second-feet and between 2,500 and 12,000 second-feet. Gage read to 

hundredths twice daily until August 22, and once daily after that date. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. 

Records good except for extreme low stages and for periods of ice effect, for which 

they are poor.

Discharge measurements of Vermilion River near Streator, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Jan. 22

Aug. 236

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

17.74

.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

oll,300

2.2

a Much ice and debris floating. 6 Measurement made by wading.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River near Streator, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ........... .

2............

3............. .

4. ...........

5..............

6..............

7............

8............

9............ .

10............

11............

12...... ... .

13............

14............ .

15..............

16........;.....

17............ .

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22............ .

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,300

1,130

930

818

716

620

495

464

41 Q

389

346

346

318

9Q1

278

278

291

291

278

265

240

216

204

193

182

171

167

158

146

Nov.

133

129

123

115

107

105

104

102

95

91

95

88

78

77

77

75

75

75

83

100

121

125

121

107

105

117

117

129

152

165

Dec.

205

171

171

148

125

127

125

111

117

129

85

Jan.

1,350

13,100

12,800

5,240

3,880

3,200

2,570

2,990

2,640

2,570

5,400

Feb.

1,230

526

495

495

557

557

557

557

652

749

749

749

620

495

495

Mar.

620

434

404

404

464

495

783

783

588

557

532

506

481

455

404

410

495

434

389

419

434

434

495

557

1,800

2,920

2,570

2,150

1,970

Apr.

1,910

1,800

1,550

1,350

1,130

1,010

891

749

684

620

557

526

464

434

464

375

389

407

375

346

305

305

291

278

278

265

252

228

May.

265

265

278

305

291

265

305

375

783

716

588

464

404

1,130

2,640

3,880

3,720

2,990

2.390

1,700

1,300

1,090

891

783

749

652

684

818

1,050

1,050

1,130

June.

1,130

1,650

1,750

1,350

1,050

930

1,970

2,210

2,640

2,510

1,850

1,650

1,500

1,250

1,170

1,090

854

749

684

652

1,850

1,910

3,270

2,990

1,750

1,600

1,130

818

716

588

July.

495

434

389

434

375

291

240

205

169

152

135

127

100

86

74

65

55

48

23

2.4

1.2

4.9

11

14

16

14

16

14

12

12

9

Aug.

7.7

7.3

6.0

4.7

3.3

2.8

3.6

4.2

3.3

2.4

8.6

45

19

6.9

3.9

2.4

3.0

1.9

1.4

1.2

2.5

3.6

.9

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

.9

.9

Sept.

0.9

.9

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.6

1.3

1.0

1.0

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.8

2.5

2.4

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.0

2.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.5

3.0

2.5

NOTE. Discharge, Mar. 11-15, interpolated; Dec. 13 to Jan. 20, and Feb. 1-15 estimated, because of ice, 

from gage heights, weather records, and odserver's notes.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 191

Monthly discharge of Vermilion River near Streator, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,080 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,300 

165 

205 

13,100

2,920 

1,910 

3,880 

3,270 

495 

45 

3.0

13, 100

Minimum.

146 

75

389 

228 

265 

588 

1.2 

.9 

.9

.9

Mean.

408 

106 

107 

2.740 

'921 

782 

639 

1,100 

1,510 

130 

4.98 

1.66

704

Per 

square 

mile.

0.378 

.098 

.099 

2.54 

.853 

.724 

.592 

1.02 

1.40 

.120 

.0046 

.0015

.652

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

.11 

.11 

2.93 

.92 

.83 

.66 

1.18 

1.56 

.14 

.005 

.002

8.89

SPOON RIVER AT SEVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., fourth principal meridian, at the Toledo, 

Peoria & Western Railway bridge about a quarter of a mile east of the railway 

station at Seville, Fulton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 24, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read to hundredths once daily, by A. E. 

Myers till January 8, and by J. M. Lance after that date.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge; low-water measurements are made by wading below dam at railroad station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a loose rock dam, about 2 miles downstream 

from.gage, used to create a reservoir for the pumping station of the Toledo, Peoria 

& Western Railway.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 26.0 feet at 7 a. m. 

January 23; minimum stage, 2.00 feet at 6 a. m. July 29.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 26.0 feet January 23, 1916; minimum 

stage, 1.35 feet July 31 and August 28 and 29, 1914.

DIVERSIONS. Water pumped from reservoir at the pumping station of the Toledo 

Peoria & Western Railway; amount not known.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during part of winter.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. Beckman:

August 21, 1916: Gage height, 2.80 feet; discharge, 128 second-feet.
192 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Spoon River at Seville, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.... ..........

2.... .........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.. .....?......

7..............

8..... ........

9 .. ... .....

10.... . . . . .

11.... . . . . .

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21 ... . . . ...

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

4.3

4.0

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.3

6.6

5.0

4.8

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.0

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.0

2.90

2.90

2.80

2.90

2.60

2.80

3.3

3.2

Nov.

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.90

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.90

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.70

2.69

2.69

2.80

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.0

5.8

6.7

6..0

5.0

Dec.

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.4

4.5

4 1

4.3

4.45

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.15

3.3

3.4

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

Jan.

11.2

11.2

12.0

12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

7.0

5.4

5.6

4.9

7.5

9.2

8.5

8.0

8.0

7.5

7.1

6.8

6.5

22.4

26.0

23.0

20.3

7.5

12.8

17.0

15.3

11.5

Feb.

8.8

6.9 6.-0

9.0

9.6

9.3

9.0

8.1

8.0

7.8

7.7

7.4

6.9

6.4

6.3

6.1

12.5

12.3

7.5

6.5

6.3

6.9

10.5

8.5

5.6

5.0

4.7

4.4

Mar.

4.7

4.3

4.3

4.0

4.0

4.3

4.9

4.3

4.5

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.6

7.8

13.2

13.0

10.7

9.1

Apr.

8.0

9.0

8.5

7.7

7.1

6.5

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.2

5.0

4.9 5.0"

5.0

4.8

4.9

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

May.

4.4

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

4.9

9.6

9.1

8.6

7.0

6.2

5.7

5.4

5.6

5.4

5.7

6.7

9.8

8.1

9.5

11.8

8.5

7.7

7.3

June.

6.5

6.2

9.8

9.8

7.3

6.1

6.9

8.0

7.5

7.5

7.1

6.5

6.0

5.7

5.4

5.4

6.1

5.5

5.0

4.8

11.0

11.9

7.8

6.5

5.3

5.7

5.4

5.0

4.8

4.6

July.

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.3

3.6

3.3

3.6

3.6.

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.80

2.80

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.00

2.80

2.60

Aug.

2.60

2.70

3.1

3.0

2.80

2.80

2.70

3.1

2.70

2.60

3.3

4.2

5.5

4.3

3.7

3.1

3.0

3.6

3.2

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.65

2.95

2.70

2.55

2.55

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.20

Sept.

2.20

2.20

2.25

2.20

2.30

4.2

3.85

3.5

3.1

2.80

2.60

2.55

4.2

4.9

4.6

3.5

3.5

2.85

2.60

3.5

2.60

2.50

2.40

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.50

2.90

3.1

2.85

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice about Jan. 5 to Feb. 20. 

SANGAMON RIVER AT MONTICELLO, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 18 N., R. 5 E., third principal meridian, at the Illinois 

Central Railroad bridge about half a mile west of Monticello, Piatt County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 550 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 4, 1908, to December 31, 1912; June 23, 1914, to 

September 30,1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by David Coay.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge and Wooden 

trestle approach.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool; control consists of fine gravel; 

likely to shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.7 feet January 31 

and February 1 (discharge, 5,020 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.6 feet at 7 a. m. 

September 5 (discharge, 5 second-f eet).

Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 15.2 feet May 14, 1908 

(discharge, 9,280^ second -feet); maximum stage during flood of March to April, 

1913, 17.7 feet March 25 (discharge not known); minimum stage recorded during 

periods of records, 1.5 feet July 31, August 1 and 3, 1914 (discharge, 1 secondfoot).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during high water in February 

and March, 1916; affected by ice during periods in December, January, and February. Rating curves fairly well defined between 5 and 3,200 second-feet. 

Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage heights to rating table. Record good except for extreme low 

stages, and for periods of ice effect, for which they are poor.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 193

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

14......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.69

3.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

140

128

Date.

Aug. 17.. .....................

17.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.93

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 14 Q

13.7

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3. .......... ---

4..............

6..............

7..... ...... ---

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

iq

14..............

15..............

16..........--.-

17...........---

18..............

IQ

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

oe

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

322

306

266

226

226

210

165

165

158

140

140

134

134

124

119

100

104

114

114

114

124

109

104

100

100

96

91

86

86

82

86

Nov.

69

69

69

69

69

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

63

62

62

62

60

55

73

73

78

78

74

RQ

62

62

60

57

62

60

Dec.

60

52

52

51

49

48

48

43

48

48

71

96

100

100

100

100

109

DA

no

100

"100 100

104

109

110

Jan.

1,150

1,910

2,140

1,760

1,160

1,070

1,220

1 440

3 oqfl

5,020

Feb.

1,930

490

430

371

338

322

473

618

695

666

637

618

834

QQ1

I oQft

1,190 QQQ

807

675

Mar.

599

544

456

388

405

422

526

782

- 715

618

M4

508

473

422

456

456

456

448

JOQ

JOQ

422

388

OCJ.

one

439

675

1 040 i'i30

1,040

Apr.

862

822

782

736

599

562

526

490

448

405

371

371

322

306

OQA

258

974

9 on

9J.9

218

1Q4

1Q4

170

170

170

ten

1*Q

May.

159

159

159

170

159

159

154

148

148

138

128

138

138

f KA

170

490

TSfi

736

526

388

339

9Q9

974

1Q4

194

91 ft

333

456

CfiO

562

June.

526

439

354

290

226

194

210

194

194

176

159

138

138

138

148

119

104

109

104

338

490

439

OQO

O>|0

226

148

July.

109

96

83

113

113

87

72

59

54

48

43

39

39

37

34

14

35

36

29

25

27

22

22

91

91

11

17

16

16

14

12

Aug.

11

11

12

12

12

12

11

11

10

10

16

14

14

14

21

16

16

16it;

14

14

14

14

11

10

10

9 A

8 A

7.4

6.5

Sept.

6.5

6.5

6.5

5.0

9.2

8 (\

10

10

10

10

8 ft

Q A

8 A

e ft

8 ft

8

r\

8 r\

6.5

6.5

6.5

8.0

8 A

8 (\

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for Oct. 3, Nov. 23, Dec. 19, Jan. 30, June 19, and for Sundays between 

Feb. 23 and Sept. 30; estimated for Dec. 25r31, Jan. 1-22, and Feb. 1-11, because of ice, from gage heights 

and weather records.

6342° 18 WSP 435 13
194 SUEPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1916.

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

March. . .......................................

April. . ........................................

l&y.... .......................................

June... ........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year.. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

322

78

5,020

1,130 

862 

736 

526 

113 

21 

10

5,020

Minimum.

82 

55 

43

322 

354 

159 

128 

104 

11 

6.5 

5.0

5.0

Mean.

143

65.7 

85.1 

1,430 

1,160 

543 

377 

284 

229 

44.6 

12.3 

7.6

363

Per

square 

mile.

0.260 

.119 

.155 

2.60 

2.11 

.987 

.685 

.516 

.416 

.081 

.022 

.014

.660

Run-off 

(depth in 

incnes on 

drainage 

area).

0.30 

.13 

.18 

3.00 

2.28 

1.14 

.76 

.59 

.46 

.09 

.03 

.02

8.98

SANGAMON RIVER AT RIVERTON, ILL.

LOCATION. In the southeast corner of the SW. \ sec. 9, T. 16 N., R. 4 W. third 

principal meridian, at the Wabash Railroad bridge about a quarter of a mile 

west of Riverton, Sangamon County, and 2J miles below the mouth of South 

Fork.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,560 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 13, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 7, 1914, 

to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by J. H. Steele.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool; control consists of fine gravel 

and shifts slightly.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 27.8 feet at 8 a. m. 

February 3 (discharge, 20,800 second-feet); minimum stage, 7.18 feet at 8 a. m. 

September 23 (discharge, 17 second-feet).

1908-1912; 1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 27.8 feet February 3, 1916 

(discharge, 20,800 second-feet); high water of 1883 reached a height of approximately 32 feet on the present gage, and that of 1875 is said to have been onehalf foot lower (discharge not estimated); minimum stage recorded, 6.9 feet 

October 3-15, 1915 (discharge, 3 second-feet).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; probably affected by 

ice at times in December and January. Rating curve well defined between 

44 and 4,400 second-feet, and fairly well defined between 4,400 and 16,000 secondfeet. Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage heights to rating table. Records good except for extremely 

high and low stages and for periods of ice effect for which they are poor.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Aug. IS...................................... .......................................

18.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.80

7.81

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

83.9

84.7
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEK BASIN. 195

Discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Day.

\.... ..........

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5. .............

6. . ............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.... ..........

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

Oct.

1,060

990

920

824

728

728

603

572

542

486

434

434

384

359

384

384

359

335

335

311

287

287

287

O£o

Nov.

263

263

252

240

228

228

240

228

228

217

217

212

217

217

208

206

206

206

217

228

240

240

240

240

240

228

217

217

240

Dec.

240

240

240

240

228

217

217

217

199

196

194

287

665

760

792

824

824

920

920

920

856

792

760

728

555

Jan.

920

3,200

5,330

6,220

6,450

6,680

6,560

6,220

5,520

4,840

6,520

8,010

8,780

8,620

7,720

7,180

6,680

6,450

6,450

6,800

8,780

11,500

Feb.

16,500

20,400

20,800

17,200

13,700

12, 100

10,700

7,860

5,900

4,620

3,260

2,650

2,210

1,960

2,380

3,200

3,720

3,900

3,950

4,490

5,520

6,450

6,680

5,420

4,910

Mar.

4,310

3,490

2,920

2,480

2,100

1,920

2,320

2,760

2,870

2,920

2,820

2,600

2,380

2,160

2,000

1,920

1,790

1,750

1,710

1,620

1,620

1,540

1,540

1,460.

1,390

1,390

1,540

1,870

1,790

1,920

2,050

Apr.

2,160

2,320

2,380

2,300

2,210

2,000

1,870

1,750

1,620

1,540

1,420

'1,350

1,310

1,200

1,200

990

1,020

1,020

1,060

1,100

1,060

990

990

955

920

920

888

824

824

May.

792

792

760

760

856

792

792

792

728

696

665

665

665

665

728

760

792

856

1,020

1,130

1,130

1,020

888

856

824

760

792

1,020

1,350

1,420

1,540

June.

1,500

1,710

1,620

1,240

1,060

1,200

1,420

1,620

1,710

1,580

1,310

990

990

888

792

696

696

696

696

728

824

2,980

3,430

3,040

2,870

990

2,480

1,960

1,460

1,020

July.

728

728

634

542

460

460

359

359

311

287

287

263

240

194

240

172

172

199

181

172

263

217

513

384

183

172

133

133

99

91

70

Aug.

83

55

133

85

83

76

56

91

99

70

71

83

71

152

85

91

82

73

65

56

55

55

56

56

55

55

55

44

35

22

25

Sept.

24

20

20

20

24

24

53

63

65

65

33

*M

35

32

32

31

27

23

23

24

27

31

17

19

19

19

47

166

80

78

NOTE. Discharge, Apr. 4 and Aug. 17-19, interpolated; Dec. 26-31, and Jan. 11-20 estimated, because 

of ice, from gage heights, weather records, and observer's notes.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,560 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,060 

263 

990 

11,500 

20,800 

4,310 

2,380 

1,540 

3,430 

728 

152 

166

20,800

Minimum.

263 

206 

194 

920 

1,960 

1,390 

824 

665 

696 

70 

22 

17

17

Mean.

492 

228 

542 

6,580 

7,350 

2,160 

1,380 

881 

1,470 

298 

70.1 

39.2

1,770

Per

square 

mile.

0.192 

.089 

.212 

2.57 

2.87 

.844 

.539 

.344 

.574 

.116 

.027 

.015

.691

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.22 

.10 

.24 

2.96 

3.10 

.97 

.60 

.40 

.64 

.13 

.03 

.02

9.41
196 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

SANGAMON RIVER NEAR OAKFORD, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 19 N., R. 7 W., third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

3 miles northeast of Oakford, Menard County, 2J miles above the Chicago, Peoria 

& St. Louis Railway bridge, and li miles above the mouth of Crane Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 26, 1909, to June 30, 1911; December 10, 1911, to 

March 31, 1912; and August 25, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read to hundredths twice daily by Androv 

Peterson to March 4, and by E. G. Duvall after March 12.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and fine gravel; shifting. The 

river for some distance above and below station has been dredged and straightened, thus increasing the slope considerably and disturbing the regimen of flow.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during parts of year for which 

records were obtained, 19.1 feet at 10 a. m. February 5; minimum stage 0.65 foot 

at 2 p. m. September 27.

Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 20.6 feet October 4, 1911 

(discharge, 26,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.1 foot, December 21, 

22, 24, 25, and 31, 1914 (discharge not determined).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation may have been affected by ice during parts of winter.

Data inadequate for determination of daily discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. Beckman:

August 19, 1916: Gage height, 1.24 feet; discharge, 301 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7........... .

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12 .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19........ ... .

20..............

21........ . ...

22..............

23............ .

24.. ............

25............ .

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

5.7

5.7

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

 3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

Nov.

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.3

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.25

2.5

3.0

2.8

2.45

2.3

Dec.

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.6

2.7

3.1

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.3

Jan.

5.0

7.6

10.3

11.8

12.0

12.1

12.0

11.7

11.4

11.0

10.5

11.0

12.5

12.2

12.7

14.1

15.5

14.8

15.2

15.9

16.6

18.8

17.7

17.3

16.5

14.8

13.7

13.2

13.1

Feb.

18.6

19.1

17.3

14.2

Mar.

9.8

8.8

8.0

7.5

7.4

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.6

Apr.

8.2

8.1

8.0

8.0

7.7

7.4

7.0

6.7

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

May.

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.7

5.8

6.2

6.9

6.9

6.5

6.1

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.9

6.3

6.4

6.6

7.0

June.

6.6

6.4

6.2

5.9

5.4

5.2

5.6

5.8

6.0

5.8

5.4

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

4.3

6.2

6.9

6.6

6.2

5.6

5.7

5.2

4.8

July.

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.25

2.2

2.05

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.05

1.95

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.40

Aug.

1 4/1

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.85

1.55

1.35

1.85

2.1

2.25

1.9

1.7

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.08

1.14'

1.12

1.09

1.04

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.97

Sept.

0.90

.82

.80

.80

.80

.78

.80

.75

.75

.75

.82

.78

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.70

.70

.68

.65

.70

.74

.80

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation possibly affected by ice during parts of winter, 

ings March to September, doubtful.

Accuracy of gage read-
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 197

SOUTH FORK OF SANGAMON RIVER NEAR TAYLORVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 8, T. 12 N., R. 2 W., at the Wabash Railroad bridge about 3| 

miles southwest of Taylorville, Christian County, and about a quarter of a mile 

upstream from highway bridge known as Half Acre Bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 427 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 11, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 8, 1914, to 

September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read to hundredths once daily by Louis 

Seelbach. On September 2, 1909, gage datum was lowered 2 feet. The gage 

heights to August 10, 1909, refer to old datum; those from August 11 to September 1, 1909, are of no value because of backwater from a construction dam 

built and used during that period. Gage heights from September 2, 1909, to 

December 31, 1912, refer to new datum. On August 8, 1914, the datum was 

changed by an unknown amount, all bench marks being destroyed during construction of a new concrete steel-plate girder bridge. Gage heights subsequent 

to August 8, 1914, refer to the datum used in reestablishing the gage on that date.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge; at low stages by 

wading below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. In August, 1909, a drainage ditch was dug along the river 

in the vicinity of the station, which straightened the course of the stream, but 

coincided with the original channel at the gaging section. Though the crosssection of the channel at the measuring section was not changed, the stagedischarge relation was considerably affected by the change in slope. Subsequent 

to 1912 a new bridge was built, and since then the stage-discharge relation has 

again changed. Measuring section is in a pool; control likely to shift.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.1 feet at 1 p. m. 

January 31; minimum stage, 1.14 feet September 15, 25, and 27.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 16.1 feet January 31, 1916; minimum 

stage, 0.56 foot October 6, 1914.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of South Fork ofSangamon River near Taylorville, III., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

13.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.32

3.26

Discharge.

Sec.-fti 

321

o76

Date.

Sept. 15......................

15.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.17

1.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

a 1.0

a. 9

a Measurement made by wading below gage. Brush in channel may have caused backwater.
198 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1916, PART V.

Daily gage height, infect, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, III., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9. .............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

93

94

9S

26..............

27..............

28..............

 >Q

30

qi

Oct.

3.3

3.1

3.0

2 95

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.50

2.55

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.75

3.05

3.2

3.2

3.1

s 1

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.1

3.1

3.15

3.2

Nov.

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.3

3.45

3.45

3.45

3 A

3.35

3.35

3.25

3 q

3.3

3.3

3.3

Dec.

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.6

4.4

5.2

5.2

4.7

4.4

4.8

5.7

6.0

5.6

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.0

4.5

4.4

4 6

4.9

4.8

Jan.

4.9

9.0

10.2

10.7

10.2

9.6

9.0

8.5

7.9

7.4

7.4

9.4

13.0

13.4

12.5

11.6

10.9

10.3

9.7

8.9

8.6

9.1

Q C

9.6

9.1

8.4

7 Q

8.4

9 fi

11.4

16.0

Feb.

15.2

12.3

11.0

10.1

9.2

8.5

7.2

6.3

5.8

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.1

4.8

4.8

5.9

6.8

7.8

7.7

7.4

7.4

8.4

8.9

9.1

a.o

8.4

7.6

6

Q

Mar.

6.4

5.7

5.4

5.2

5.4

6.8

7.8

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.2

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.2

4.9

5.0

4.8

4 7

4.7

4 7

4.6

4 fi

4.6

4.7

5.0

5.0

5.0

A Q

Apr.

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.2

4.2

4 1

4 0

3.8

3.8

3 Q

3.9

3.8

3.7

May.

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.6

4.6

4.2

3.8

3.5

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.2

3.3

3.6

3.7

3.6

June.

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.45

5.3

5.0

4.5

3.9

3.7

3.45

3.2

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.95

2.9

3.2

7.3

9.3

10.0

9.7

9.0

7.1

5.8

5.0

4.5

4.1

July.

3.7

3.35

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.75

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.6

2.85

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.15

2.1

3.45

2.6

2.45

2.2

2.0

1.88

1.79

1.70

1.64

1.58

1 4.Q

Aug.

1.64

1.47

1.64

1.54

1.45

1.35

1.28

1.34

1.52

1.40

1.36

1.44

1.46

1.62

1.84

1.90

1.88

1.81

1.48

1 36

1 30

1.27

1.24

1.23

1.21

1.21

1 93

1.20

1.20

1 91

Sept.

1.23

1 qq

1.29

1.25

1.22

1.36

2.6

2.65

2.05

1.54

1.32

1.22

1.23

1.18

1.14

1.16

1.15

1.16

1.16

1.16

1.22

1.20

1.18

1.16

1.14

1.15

1.14

1.37

1.28

1.22

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice about Dec. 25 to Jan. 8. 

KASKASKIA RIVER AT V AND ALIA, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 16,

at east end of Main

Hickory Creek. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,980 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. '.

September 30,1916. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE

31 (discharge, 14,400 second

26 (discharge, 19 second 

1908-1912; 1914-1916

charge, 14,800 second

13 second-feet).

on the present gage 

ACCURACY .S tage-disch argi

parts of winter; prol

levee in May, 1915.

feet, and fairly well defined

daily. Daily discbargi

table. Records

. 6 N., R. 1 E. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

Street, Vandalia, Fayette County, about 3J miles above

square miles. 

February 26, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 11, 1914, to

to bridge; read by Wilson Haley. 

. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Measuring section is at a pool; may shift. 

. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.0 feet, January 

-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.53 foot September 

-feet).

Maximum stage recorded, 22.2 feet May 27, 1915 (dis- 

-feet); minimum stage, 0.38 foot August 12,1914 (discharge, 

The flood of 1875 is said to have reached a height of 22.8 feet

igood

 e relation practically permanent; affected by ice during 

ably not seriously affected by the breaks which occurred in 

Rating curve well defined between 270 and 10,800 secondbeyond these limits. Gage read to hundredths once 

e ascertained by applying daily gage heights rating 

for open-water periods and poor for periods of ice effect.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 199

Discharge measurements of Raskaskia River at Vandalia, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

23

Made by 

W. G.Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.31

17.34

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,210

7,010

Date. Made by~ Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

36

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1914-1916.

Day.

1914. 

1..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

.3..............

&..............

...............

1. .............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18-......-..-...

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Aug.

Oct.

30 

30

28 

27 

28

28 ~27 

27 

520 

673

520 

287 

189 

93 

78

84 

207 

153 

108 

84

75 

66 

60 

56 

55

48 

43 

43 

43 

44 

. 42

Sept. Day.

1

. 3,1

. 3,5

8

5

Nov.

43 

44 

44

47 

46

44 

43 

60 

78 

80

82 

78 

75 

71 

68

66 

60 

58 

55 

52

50 

50 

52 

55 

52

55 

55 

50 

50 

52

71 11 

67 12 

64 13 

73 14 

62 15

55 16 

20 17 

50 18 

17 19 

01 20

Dec.

56 

58 

60 

64 

84

86 

93 

93 

91 

102

96 

89 

91 

84

32

Jan.

95

Feb.

H,330

6,990 

6,460

6,090 

5,420 

1,660 

1,340 

1,240

1,100 

1,040 

1,040 

976 

912

790 

568 

544 

520 

473

473 

429 

3,840 

5,350 

3,240

1,800 

1,520 

1,270

Aug.

31 

13 

168 

84 

60

62 

52 

40 

33 

33

Mar.

1,070 

912 

790 

730 

790

820 

790 

673 

619 

619

568 

568 

520 

496 

473

451

429 

386 

407 

386

365 

354 

344 

324 

305

365 

270 

254 

222 

222 

222

Sept.

494 

455 

168 

155 

111

108 

98 

89 

44 

62

Apr.

222 

207 

207 

200 

192

200 

200 

200 

192 

207

214 

238 

222 

214 

207

200 

189 

168 

163 

153

143 

192 

1,450 

1,200 

790

496 

365 

287 

254 

238

Day.

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. -------------

29. 

30

31..............

May.

222 

192 

730 

760 

496

344 

376 

646 

429 

386

364 

343 

321 

300 

278

262 

222 

181 

153 

2,660

3,440 

1,380 

730 

619 

520

4,890 

14,800 

12,900 

11,000 

11,300 

9,660

June.

8,060 

6,560 

5,490 

5,010 

3,990

2,940 

2,260 

1,760 

1,440 

1,200

1,170 

2,580 

1,940 

4,090 

2,260

1,070 

-850 

760 

619 

568

4,770 

5,850 

4,530 

1,410 

790

673 

593 

850 

3,790 

4,410

Aug.

52

78 

52 

40 

46

411 

172 

103

82 

58 

62

July'.

2,840 

1,040 

701 

593 

673

593 

407 

3,390 

4,890 

2,890

4,830 

6,270 

7,320 

7,100 

5,210

2,620 

1,980 

1,980 

1,580 

1,550

1,200 

912 

760 

646 

568

568 

451 

4% 

701 

880 

673

Aug.

701 

1,690 

5,010 

5,420 

5,140

3,140 

2,220 

2,040 

1,860 

1,940

2,420 

1,900 

1,300 

1,010 

1,140

1,040 

2,700 

4,290 

4,140 

4,040

14,600 

12,600 

9,660 

8,320 

7,440

6,880 

6,360 

5,770 

5,700 

5,210 

4,190

Sept.

57 

55

48 

48 

42

38 

36 

34 

32 

31

Sept.

3,440 

2,300 

1,940 

1,520 

1,240

1,040 

1,040 

1,100 

1,040 

1,040

1.010 

790 

701 

593 

544

520 

544 

496 

646 

1,300

1,240 

1,170 

1,100 

1,040 

880

912

850 

790 

730 

673
200 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaslda River at VandaKa, III., for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1914-1916 Continued.

Day.

1915-16. 

1.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

- 496

47°.

451

407

386

354

324

278

305

324

334

324

314

270

262

254

246

238

230

230

222

214

207

207

200

200

Nov.

189

181

17^1

165

165

170

166

172

154

160

175

230

214

207

1Q9

189

1S9

172

168

165

163

160

165

172

168

175

173

168

Dec.

165

161

159

1 ^7

154

151

148

147

143

142

175

473

646

880

con

850

1 640

2,420

2,020

1,520

1,100

1,070

1,040

911

880

790

OOA

1 725

Jan.

4,930

5 

' 940

5,350

5,280

5,770

6,660

9,180

14 -Iftft

Feb.

[5,130

2,740

2 am

2 QQf|

3,140

4 140

3 7Q(1

9. 9Qft

3 090

2,740

2,500

Mar.

2,260

2,100

1,830

1,580

1 440

1,480

2

CAfl

2,460

1,830

1 ^SA

1 480

1 3SA

1,100

1,270

1 240

1.170

1,100

1 (\df\

1,010

976

912

QQH

880

880

820

7Qfl

880

1 040

1^010

Q7R

Q19

Apr.

912

1,040

1,040

976

880

820

790

Ton

760

730

673

filQ

593

568

544

511

520

593

593

568

511

520

496

473

473

473

451

May.

49Q

407

451

47^

407

365

0/1/1

324

314

305

296

OAK

314

365

386

429

473

496

520

496

451

354

429

701

820

June.

1,100

1,380

1,480

1,380

1,300

1,410

2,220

1,620

1,040

820

701

593

544

473

473

451

1,040

1,170

2,060

2,260

4,350

6,090

7,100

5,350

2,020

1,480

1,100

820

673

568

July.

520

451

407

365

324

296

278

262

238

214

200

192

184

175

170

160

159

158

160

254

429

270

173

147

127

125

117

120

117

107

214

Aug.

214

120

84

78

70

65

61

64

61

56

50

54

61

60

912

151

123

98

76

69

53

50

47

43

41

37

36

36

36

33

31

Sept.

59

51

50

48

47

45

67

39

37

35

34

55

53

43

36

29

28

26

24

24

22

22

21

20

20

19

24

23

22

22

NOTE. No gage-height record for Feb. 18, May 11-14, Aug. 8, and Dec. 17,1915; discharge interpolated. 

Discharge Dec. 15, 1914, to Feb. 3, 1915, Dec. 28, 1915. to Jan. 25, 1916, and Feb. 1-19, 1916, estimated, 

because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.

Monthly discharge of Kaslcaskia River at Vandalia, III., for the years ending Sept. SO,

1914-1916.

[Drainage area, 1.980 square miles.]

Month.

1914.

September. ....................................

1914-15. 

October .......................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

411 

3,550

673 

82

1,070 

1,450 

14,800 

8,060 

7,320 

14,600 

3,440

14, 800

Minimum.

13

31

27 

43

429 

222 . 143 

153 

568 

407 

701 

496

Mean.

82.5 

356

122 

57.2 

54.5 

95.0 

23 430 

508 

314 

2,610 

2,740 

2,140 

4,510 

1,070

1,390

Per

square 

mile.

0.042 

.180

.062 

.029 

.028 

.048 

'1.23 

.257 

.159 

1.32 

1.38 

1.08 

2.28 

.540

.702

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.20

.07 

.03 

.03 

.06 

1.33 

.30 

.18 

1.52 

1.54 

1.24 

2.63 

.60

9.53
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 201

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., for the years ending Sept. 30,

1914-1916 Continued.

Month.

1915-16.

March..........................................

April ............................... ..........

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

619 

230 

2,420

2,500 

1.010 

820 

7,100 

520 

912 

67

14,400

Minimum.

200 

154 

142

790 

451 

296 

451 

107 

31 

19

19

Mean.

315 

178 

728 

5,970 

4,440 

1,320 

681 

419 

1,770 

229 

95.8 

34.8

1,340

Per 

square 

mile.

0.159 

.090 

.368 

3.02 

2.24 

.667 

.344 

.212 

.894 

.116 

.048 

.018

.677

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drianage 

area).

0.18 

.10

.42 

3.48 

2.42 

.77 

.38 

.24 

1.00 

.13 

.06 

.02

9.20

KASKASKIA RIVER AT NEW ATHENS, ILL.

LOCATION. In the W. i NE. \ sec. 28, T. 2 S., R. 7 W. third principal meridian, at 

Illinois Central Railroad bridge about 6uO feet north of railroad station at New 

Athens, St. Clair County, about a mile below mouth of Silver Creek and 3 miles 

above mouth of Lively Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,220 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 23, 1907, to December 31, 1912; June 22, 1914, to 

September 30, 1916. Gage height of river was taken on Wednesday and Thursday 

mornings from January 23, 1907, to October 28, 1909, by C. J. von Roth Roffy 

for the New Athens Journal, and by whom they were published. Record authentic. Gage heights have been reduced to the present datum; maximum error 

probably not more than 0.4 foot, decreasing with increase of stage.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Henry Hoffman.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached, or from highway bridge about 500 feet downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; may shift.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 33.3 feet at noon 

February 3 (discharge, 54,800 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.75 feet at noon 

September 27 (discharge, 185 second-feet).

Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 35.7 feet August 26, 1915 

(discharge, 63,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.08 feet August 10, 1914 (discharge, 102 second-feet).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by backwater 

from Mississippi River when height on gage of United States Weather Bureau at 

Chester, 111., is above about 18.5 feet; probably not affected by ice during wini ter. Rating curve used during periods of no backwater from the Mississippi, 

fairly well denned between 86 and 12,400 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths 

once daily. Daily discharge during periods of no backwater ascertained by 

applying daily gage heights to rating.table; during periods of backwater determined from daily gage heights at New Athens and Chester by slope method 

described in Water-Supply Paper 345, page 53. Records fair; determinations of 

discharge may be somewhat too large for last part of January and early part of 

February, and somewhat too small during April to June, inclusive, because of 

uncertainty regarding effect of backwater.
202 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Published estimates of discharge for the following periods may be considerably too large, the excess depending on the amount of backwater produced at 

New Athens: January 21-28, June 14-18, July 19 to August 3,1907; May 17 to July 

23, 1908; March 14, April 21 to May 1, May 11-17, June 12 to July 27,1909; May 

10-13, June 12-15, 1910; March 22 to May 11, and June 19-22, 1912.

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beekman.]

Date.

9.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15.85

18.15

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

a 5, 810

"7,440

Date.

Sept. 18.... ...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

252

a Backwater from Mississippi River when measurement was made. (See "Accuracy" in station 

description.)

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19ri:::::::::::::: 14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,360

702

744

720

670

576

490

920

800

740

680

620

620

620

590

560

590

560

590

590

560

503

503

476

450

450

450

425

400

400

400

Nov.

376

376

376

353

353

353

353

330

330

330

400

590

710

680

680

680

620

531

503

476

476

450

450

400

400

650

710

635

560

503

Dec.

450

425

400

400

376

376

353

353

353

330

800

1,640

1,800

1,640

1,760

1,850

4,070

5,370

5,930

6,150

5,650

4,310

3,000

2,400

2,030

2,030

2,120

2,120

2,080

2,120

2,400

Jan.

4,790

7,600

8,510

9,010

9,700

10,400

11,000

10,500

10,100

9,820

9,700

16,500

26,200

30,300

31,300

32,000

33,000

31,700

30,300

28,600

26,500

24,800

23,000

21,000

19,400

20,000

19,400

19,700

24,600

Feb.

47,400

52,100

54,800

53,800

51,300

51,000

41,000

35,500

29,300

24,400

21,700

19,900

20,300

20,600

16,100

14 800

13,700

13,000

12,400

11,800

11,400

10,800

10,100

9,700

9,090

8,220

8,510

7,650

6,620

Mar.

5,580

4,790

4,190

3,360

3,520

4,310

5,300

5,790

6,470

6,470

5,160

3,850

3,200

2,800

2,600

2,450

2,400

2,300

2,210

2,120

2,030

1,940

1,850

1,760

1,720

1,720

1,940

2,030

2,030

1,700

1,930

Apr.

1,930

1,900

1,800

1,760

1,760

1,800

1,760

1,660

1,590

1,530

1,460

1,430

1,360

1,270

1,220

1,160

1,110

1,140

1,180

1,250

1,370

1,540

1,450

1,410

1,340

1,660

1,050

894

832

768

May.

718

650

650

742

605

1,020

988

955

868

794

670

576

53A

523

512

620

854

1,040

1,370

1,520

1,440

1,360

1,180

997

864

805

780

940

1,590

2,080

2,340

June.

2,450

2,840

3,580

2,570

1,880

5,020

7,940

8,590

7,120

6,350

5,300

3,530

2,520

2,040

1,740

1,490

1,260

1,160

1,060

1,220

1,520

1,840

2,520

4,080

5,070

5,360

5,010

4,540

3,500 ^2,190

July.

1,450

1,060

860

1,470

1,830

1,860

1,800

1,200

990

860

740

680

650

620

620

650

680

620

620

620

531

531

476

920

830

620

503

400

353

319

- 298

Aug.

 

287

267

267

267

267

257

247

267

353

680

353

257

830

4,070

8,130

23,700

28,900

29,300

28,200

24,800

22,000

18,600

10,300

4,370

1,640

990

800

1,400

890

710

590

Sept.

476

450

400

376

476

476

450

450

503

830

860

680

503

400

330

308

267

257

247

228

228

219

210

193

193

185

353

257

228

NOTE. No gage-height record for Nov. 28, Jan. 6, May 7, 13. and 21, June 18, and July 16; discharge 

interpolated. Discharge Oct. 1-7, Jan. 15 and 25-31, Feb. 1-9 and 24-29, and Mar. 30 to July 6, determined 

by slope method, because of backwater from Mississippi River. (See "Accuracy"in station description.)
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 203

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 5,220 square miles.l

Month.

May.............:.............................

July............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,360 

710 

6,150 

38,400 

54,800 

6,470 

1,930 

2,340 

8,590 

1,860 

29,300 

860

54,800

Minimum.

400 

330 

330 

4,790 

6,620 

1,700 

768 

512 

1,060 

298 

247 

185

185

Mean.

605 

488 

2,100 

20,300 

23,700 

3,210 

1,410 

987 

3,510 

828 

6,900 

374

5,310

Per 

square 

mile.

0.116 

.093 

.402 

3.89 

4.54 

.615 

.270 

.189 

.672 

.159 

1.32 

.072

1.02

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.13 

.10 

.46 

4.48 

4.90 

.71 

.30 

.22 

.75 

.18 

1.52 

.08

13.83

BIG MUDDY RIVER AT PLUMFIELD, ILL.

LOCATION. In the W. J sec. 20, T. 7 S., R. 2 E., at highway bridge at Plumfield,

Franklin County, about 6 miles west of West Frankfort, 1J miles below mouth of

Middle Fork, and 2 miles below station formerly maintained at the Chicago,

Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 753 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 18, 1914, to September 30, 1916; June 16, 1908, to

September 30, 1912, and November 1 to December 31, 1912, maintained at the

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read to hundredths twice daily by Louis

Robertson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent; low-water control is about a quarter

of a mile below gage. On August 18, 1914, point of zero flow was at a stage of

0.6 foot. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 30.2 feet at 5 p. m.

February 1; minimum stage, 0.91 foot at 5 p. m. October 25. 

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 30.2 feet February 1, 1916; minimum

stage August 18 to 26, 1914, when there was no flow past the gage. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice during parts of winter.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 10 70

1.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,970

11.4

Date.

Sept. 19......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.28

Dis

charge.

See.-ft. 

12.0
204 SUBFACE WATEB, SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

2..............

5..............

6..............

9

10..............

11. ....... ......

10

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19

20... ...........

21..............

22..............

23.............. 

24.... ..........

OK

26..............

97

30..............

si

Oct.

2.6

2.38

2.08

1.76

1 60

1.48

1.37

1.32

1 94.

1.16

1. 11

1.10

1. 11

1.08

1 04

1.02 

1.00

98

.96

.94

.93 

.92

Q9

.92

92

.94

93

.94

.96

Nov.

0.97

94

.95

.97

.98

.96

.98

i nft

.98

AD

1.06

2.02

I 80

1.45

1.68

1.61

1.48

1.62 

2.7

5 9

4.1

2.65

2.14 

1.94

1 £7

1.76

1.67

1 60

1.58

1.54

Dec.

1.50

1.44

1.40

i 3<;

1 9Q

1.24

1.24

1 99

3.3

7.4

8 9

7.7

5.9

7.0

13.5

15.0 

16.6

17.1

16.6

13.0 

9 2

0 Q

10.0

10.6

9

<r

11.0

1 9 ft

Jan.

14.5

16.0

17.0

17.4

17 S

16.7

15.7

14.?

11.5

9

0

10.9

IS 7

16.0

17.6

18.1

18.3

1 Q C

17.7 

16.3

14.3

11.6

11.1

11.5 

11.7

11.5

10.7

0 fi

H o

1 K 7

22.6

97 o

Feb.

30.0

29.0

9O 1

27.1

26.1

25.0

90 Q

22.3

20.7

18.9

17.0

15.6

14.8

14.3

13.6

1Q ft

12.5 

12.3

11.6

9 4

6.9

5.8 

7.6

8

K

7 S

6 9

4.8

3 Q

Mar.

3.4

3.35

3.6

3.8

5.2

6.5

10.2

11.7

12.6

1°. i

12.4

9.3

t; Q

4.2

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5 

3.3

S

I'5

2

QK

2.85

2.75 

2.7

2

Q

5.8

6.5

5.5

4.5

3 7

Apr.

3.25 ^ n

3.5

5.1

4.8

4.0

3.3

3.15

3.6

4.0

3.9

3.6

2.85

2.6

2.35

2.18

2.05 

1.94

1.98

4.0

5.9

4.5 

3.5

s i

2.75

2.41

2.18

2.02

1.90

May.

1.80

1.76

1.79

1.78

1.80

1.78

1.72

1.68

1.79

1.80

1.70.

1.61

1.53

1.48

3.9

10.1

9.4

7.9 

5.2

3.3

2.95

3.15

2.85 

2.65

2.42

2.47

2.14

1.90

1.82

1.72

4.3

June.

5.6

5.6

10.6

11.1

10.6

11.0

12.6

13.0

13.4

13.8

14.3

13.8

12.3

9.7

5.2

6.1

6.7

5.9

6.5

6.1

5.0

5.4

4.2 

4.7

4.3

3.8

S 9

2.6

2.18

1.90

July.

1.70

1.52

1.46

1.34

1.25

4.0

3.9

2.85

2.3

1.91

1.69

1.58

3.15

2.22

3.4

2.85

2.40

2.20 

2.95

4.9

3.35

3.3

2.9 

2.39

1 Oft

1.68

1.46

1.35

1.12

1.07

Aug.

1.14

1.30

1.12

1.22

1.36

1.31

1.22

1.15

1.10

1.10

1.07

1.06

1.13

3.6

7.9

9.4

10.0

10.4 

10.7

U Q

12.6

12.9

12.5 

10.0

6.6

4.1

2 Q

4.9

7 ^

8.2

7.0

Sept.

4.1

2.7

2.44

2.55

2.28

2.21

2.12

2.22

6.8

8.5

6.5

3.6

2.48

2.04

1.80

1.62

1 4.8

1.38 

1.28

1 91

1.14

1.10

1.06 

1.00

1.00

os

07

2.02

2 on

2

90

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation probably somewhat affected by ice during parts of winter. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

Miscellaneous measurements in upper Mississippi River drainage basin in year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 28

Sept. 25

Apr. 28

May 9

Aug. 15

Aug. 22

Stream.

River.

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do...................

Tributary to 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Locality.

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage, 

height.

Feet.

0956.04

i>10. 92

i>5.48

i>2.73

cl7.45

«11. 10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

170

3,010

49,300

13,100

4,650

30,700

11,900

a Staff gage of Fargo Engineering Co., Cornell, Wis. 

b Staff gage of U. 8. Army Engineers, at Portage, Wis. 

c Staff gage of U. S. Array Engineers, at Peoria, 111.
INDEX.

A.

Accuracy of field data and computed results.. 12-13 

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 8

Afton, Wis., Rock River at........... 1.... 148-149

Algonquin, 111., Fox River at.............. 185-186

Apple River near Somerset, Wis............. 82-84

Appropriations, annual...................... 7

Augusta, Iowa, Skunk River at........... 172-173

Augusta, Wis., Eau Claire River near...... 99-100

Authorization and scope of work............. 7

B.

Babb, Mont., St. Mary River near........... 15-17

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis......... 141-142

Beckman, H. C., work of.................... 14

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis. 137-138 

Big Lake, Minn., near Elk River............ 63-65

Big Muddy River at Plumfield, 111........ 203-204

Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis., Chippewa

River at......................... 84-86

Black River at Neillsville, Wis............ 112^113

Bolster, R. H., work of...................... 14

Bradley, Wis., Tomahawk River near..... 128-131

Brodhead, Wis., Sugar River near......... 158-159

Bruce, Wis., Chippewa River near........... 86-88

Butternut, Wis., Flambeau River near...... 93-94

C.

Canadian Department of the Interior, cooperation by....................... 13

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa........ 167-169

at Janesville, Iowa..................... 165-167

Chandler, E. F., work of..................... 14

Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co.,

cooperation by.................. 14

Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near

Winter, Wis..................... 84-86

at Chippewa Fallsj Wis.................. 88-90

at Cornell, Wis.......................... 204

near Bruce, Wis......................... 86-88

near Watson, Minn...................... 71-72

West Fork of, at Lessards, near Winter,

Wis............................. 91-92

Christianson, Ole, work of................... 14

Clarksville, Iowa, Shellrock River near.... 169-170

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn... 38-40 

Colfax, Wis., Red Cedar River near........ 101-102

Coppock, Iowa, Skunk River at..........! 170-172

Cornell, Wis., Chippewa River at............ 204

Crookston, Minn., Red Lake River at........ 35-36

Crow River at Rockford, Minn.............. 65-67

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn.......... 59-61

Current meters, view of...................... 12

Custer Park, 111., Kankakee River at...... 181-183

D.

Data, accuracy of ............................ 12

explanation of ........................... 11

Davis, A., work of.. ......................... 14

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa. . . . 175-176

at Kalo,Iowa... ....................... 173-175

at Keosauqua, Iowa ................... 176-178

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111. ............ 185-186

at Lemont, 111 ......................... 183-185

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak. ..... 32-33

Discharge relation, meaning of ............... 8

Dodge, Wis., Trempealeau River at. ...... 110-111

Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis. ........... 135-136

near Augusta, Wis...................... 99-100

Egeland, Rector, work of .................... 15

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn. ............ 63-65

Entringer, J. O., work of .................... 14

Equivalents, convenient. .................... 9

F.

Fargo, N. Dak., Red River at .............. 26-27

Fergus Falls, Minn., Ottertail River at

German Church, near ........... 24-25

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis. ...... 93-94

near Ladysmith, Wis.. . ................. 95-96

Fountain, 3. B., work of. .................... 15

Fox River at Algonquin, 111. .............. 186-188

at Wedron, 111. ........................ 188-189

G.

Gaging station, typical, view of .............. 13

Garber, Iowa, Turkey River at .............. 145

Gays Mills, Wis. , Kickapoo River at. ...... 143-144

German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn.,

Ottertail River at ................ 24-25

Grand Forks, N. Dak., Red River at ........ 27-29

H.

Herlofson, C., work of ....................... 14

Houston, Minn., Root River near.... . ..... 116-117

Hoyt, W. G., work of.. ...................... 14

Hudson Bay drainage basin, gaging-station

records in. ....................... 15-51

I.

Illinois River at Peoria, 111 .^ .............. 204

Illinois State Rivers and Lalfe Commission,

cooperation by. ^f.. .............. 14

International Falls, Minn., Rainy River at. . 43-45 

International Joint Commission, cooperation

by............................... 14

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa. ........... 162-163

at Wapello, Iowa...................... 161-165

near Marshalltown, Iowa .............. 160-161

Iowa State Geological Survey, cooperation by 14
206 INDEX.

J.

Janesville, Iowa, Cedar Eiver at........... 165-167

Joliet, III., Des Plaines Eiver at........... 185-186

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis. 1.............. 97-98

K.

Kankakee River at Ouster Park, 111........ 181-183

atMomence, 111........................ 180-181

KaskasMa River at New Athens, 111....... 201-203

at Vandalia, 111-----....- .---.- ------ 198-201

KawisMwi River near Winton, Minn........ 45-47

Kelly, Wis., Eau Claire River at........... 135-136

Keosauqua, Iowa, Des Moines River at.... 176-178

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.......... 78-79

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis........ 143-144

Kilgore, R. B., work of...................... 14

L.

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis.... 114-115

Ladysmith, Wis., Flambeau River near..... 95-96

Lamb, W. A., work of...................... 14

Lanesboro, Minn., North Branch of Root

River near.................... 118-119

South Branch of Root River at.......... 204

Larson, C. M., cooperation by............... 14

Lemont, 111., Des Plaines River at......... 183-185

Lessards, near Winter, Wis., West Fork of

Chippewa River at.............. 91-92

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn...... 49-51

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis....... 133-134

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn....... 61-63

Lyndon, 111., Rock River at............... 152-153

McKay, D.C., work of...................... 14

Many Glacier, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek at.. 20-21 

Maquoketa River below its north fork, near

Maquoketa, Iowa.............. 146-147

Marshalltown, Iowa, Iowa River near..... 160-161

Menomonie, Wis., Red Cedar River at.... 104-105

Merrill, Wis., Prairie River near.'.......... 131-133

Wisconsin River at..................... 122-124

Miner's inches, equivalents of............... 10

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn....... 69-71

near Montevideo, Minn................. 67-69

Minot, N. Dak., Mouse River at............. 40-42

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn........ 51-53

at St. Paul, Minn........................ 54-56

Momence, 111., Kankakee River at......... 180-181

Montevideo, Minn., Minnesota River near... 67-69 

Monticello, 111., Sangamon River at....... 192,194

Motley, Minn., Crow Wing River at......... 59-61

Long Prairie River near................. 61-63

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak.............. 40-42

Muscoda, Wis., Wisconsin River at........ 126-128

Mustinka River near Wheaton, Mjrm ....... 30-31

N.

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis............ 76-78

Neillsville, Wis., Black River at........... 112-113

Nekoosa, Wis., Wisconsin River near...... 124-126

New Athens, HI., KaskasMa River at..... 201-203

O.

Oakford, 111., Sangamon River near......... 196

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn................. 24-25

P.

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis............. 154-155

at Freeport, 111........................ 156-157

Peoria, 111., Illinois River at................. 204

Peterson, B. J., work of..................... 15

Pine City, Minn., Snake River near......... 80-S2

Pine River belowPine River reservoir, Minn. 57-59 

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis...... 139-140

Plumfield, 111., Big Muddy River at....... 203-204

Portage, Wis., Wisconsin River at........... 204

Prairie Eiver near Merrill, Wis...........'. 131-133

R.

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa........ 178-179

Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn................ 42-43

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn... 43-45 

Ranier, Minn., Rainy Lake at............... 42-43

Records, gaging-station..................... 15-204

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis........ 103

at Menomonie, Wis.................... 104-105

near Colfax, Wis....................... 101-102

Red Lake Falls, Minn., Clearwater River at. 38-40 

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn......... 35-36

at Thief River Falls, Minn............... 33-34

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak................ 26-27

at Grand Forks, N. Dak................. 27-29

Rhinelander, Wis., Wisconsin River at

Whirlpool Rapids, near....... 120-122

Riverton, 111., Sangamon River at......... 194-195

Rockford, III., Rock River at.............. 150-151

Rockford, Minn., Crow River at............. 65-67

Rock River at Af ton, Wis................. 148-149

at Lyndon, 111......................... 152-153

at Rockford, 111........................ 150-151

Root River near Houston, Minn........... 116-117

North Branch of, near Lanesboro, Minn. 118-119

South Branch of, at Lanesboro, Minn... 204

Run-off, definition of........................ 8

S.

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis................ 73-74

near St. Croix Falls, Wis................ 75-76

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont............ 15-17

near Kimball, Alberta. ................... 17-20

St. Paul, Minn., Mississippi River at........ 54-56

Sandstone, Minn., Kettle River near........ 78-79

Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn., Sandy River

below........................... 56-57

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir,

Minn............................ 56-57

Sangamon River at Monticello, HI......... 192-194

at Riverton,111........................ 194-195

near Oakford,111........................ 196

South Fork of, near Taylorville, 111.... 197-198

Second-feet, definition of..................... 8

Seville, 111., Spoon River at................ 191-192

Sheldon, Wis., Jump River at............... 97-98

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa..... 169-170

Sherburne, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek at.... 22-23
INDEX. 207

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa............ 172-173

atCoppock, Iowa...................... 170-172

Snake River near Pine City, Minn........... 80-82

Somerset, Wis., Apple River near........... 82-84

Soul<§, S. B., work of......................... 14

Spoon River at Seville, 111................. 191-192

Sprague, H. V., work of..................... 14

Stevenson, W. B., work of................... 14

Stevens Point, Wis., Plover River near.... 139-140

Stratford, Wis., Big Eau Pleine River near. 137-138 

Streator, 111., Vermilion River near........ 189-191

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.......... 158-159

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont... 20-21 

at Sherburne, Mont..................... 22-23

Swiss, Wis., St. Croix River at.............. 73-74

T.

Taylorville, 111., South Fork of Sangamon

River near.................... 197-198

Terms, definition of......................... 8

Thief River Falls, Minn., Red Lake River at. 33-34 

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn... 37-38 

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis...... 128-131

Trego, Wis., Namakagon River at........... 76-78

Trempeleau River at Dodge, Wis.......... 110-111

Trinkaus, G.J., work of..................... 15

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa............... 145

Twin Valley, Minn., Wild Rice River at.... 31-32

IT.

United States Reclamation Service, cooperation by.......................... 13

Upper Mississippi River basin, gaging-station

records in...................... 51-204

V.

Vandalia, 111., Kaskaskia River at......... 108-201

Van Meter, Iowa, Raccoon River at....... 178-179

Vermilion Lake, near Tower, Minn., Vermilion River below............. 47,49

Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake, near

Tower, Minn.................... 47-49

near Streator, HI...................... 189-191

W.

Wapello, Iowa, Iowa River at............. 1&4-165

Watson, Minn., Chippewa River near....... 71-72

Wausau, Wis., Little Rib River near...... 133-134

Wedron, 111., Fox River at...... 1......... 188-189

West Salem, Wis., La Crosse River near... 114-115 

Wheaton, Minn., Mustinka River near...... 30-31

Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis.,

Wisconsin River at........... 120-122

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn...... 31-32

Willard, E. V., cooperation by.............. 13

Williams, E. L., work of.................... 14

Winter, Wis., Chippewa River at Bishop's

bridge, near..................... 84-86

West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near...................... 91-92

Winton, Minn., Kawishiwi River near...... 45,47

Wisconsin-Minnesota Light & Power Co., cooperation by.................... 14

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis........... 122-124

at Muscoda, Wis...................... 126-128

at Portage, Wis......................... 204

at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander,

Wis........................... 120-122

near Nekoosa, Wis.................... 124-126

Work, division of........................... 14

Z.

Zero flow, point of, definition of............. 8

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn..... 106-107

South Branch of, near Zumbro Falls,

Minn.......................... 108-109

STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PART V, HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 

DRAINAGE BASINS

6342° 18 WSP 435 14

STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of 

flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects as 

irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, monographs, professional papers, and annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below:

Part I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin.

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

I.. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins, published in three volumes:

A, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin.

B, Snake River basin.

0, Lower Columbia River basin and Pacific slope basins in Oregon.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the

principal cities in the United States.

in
IV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET V.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Madison, Wis., care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Topeka, Kans., 25 Federal Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Cal., 619 Federal Building.

Phoenix, Arix., 417 Fleming Btiilding.

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,100 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Eeport; B=Bulletin; W=Water-Supply Paper.]

Eeport.

llthA.pt. 2. ..........

12th A, pt. 2...........

B 131................

B 140... ..............

Wll...... .... ...

18th A, pt. 4..........

W15. .......... .....

W16..................

19th A, pt. 4...........

W27. .................

W28. .................

20th A, pt, 4...........

W 35 to 39.............

W47 to 52. ............

Character of data.

.....do.........................................................

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas.

sippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western. 

United States.

(also some long-time records).

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

Descriptions, measurements, ease heights, and ratines. .........

Year.

1884 to Sept.,

1890. 

1884 to June 30,

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31,

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31,

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896.

1895 and 1896.

1897.

1897.

1897.

1898.

1898.

1898.

1899.

1899.

1900.
STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continuejd.

Report.

22d A, pt.4. ...........

W65. 66. ..............

W75...................

W 82 to 85.............

W 97 to 100...........

W 124 to 135.. ..........

W 165 to 178...........

W 201 to 214...........

W241 to 252............

W 261 to 272...........

W 281 to 292...........

W 301 to 312...........

W 321 to 332. ..........

W 351 to 362...........

W 381 to 394..... ......

W 401 to 414...........

W 431 to 444...........

Character of data.

.....do.........................................................

-....do.........................................................

.....do...........................-...-..-........:.............

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do..... ...................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.... .do.............. v ... ...................... ................

.....do.........----. ...........-...------............--.......

.....do.....----.----.....-...----------....----................

.....do.........................................................

I

Year.

1900.

1901.

1901.

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

1915.

1916.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives by years and drainage basins the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1916. The data for any particular station will in general be found 

in the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for Machias River at Whitneyville, Me., 

1903 to 1916, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 

201, 241, 261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, and 431 which contain 

records for the New England streams from 1903 to 1916. Results 

of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage basins.

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

In exception to this rule the records for Mississippi River are 

given in four parts, as indicated on page m;, and the records for 

large lakes are taken up in order of streams around the rim of the 

lake.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream 

Year.

1899o......

1900?......

1901.......

1902. ......

1903.......

1904.......

1905. ......

1906.......

1907-8. .... 

1909.......

1910.......

1911.......

1912. ......

1913.......

1914.......

1915.......

1916.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope basins 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35 

47, ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

« 124, o 125. 

P126 

» 165, o 166, 

P167 

» 201, o202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431

II

South 

Atlantic 

slope and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

635,36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

P 126, 127

V 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432

III

Ohio 

River 

basin.

36

48,* 49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes 

basins.

36 

49 

65,75 

182,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper 

Mississippi 

River 

basins.

36 

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,85 

*98,99,m 100 

* 128, 130

171

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435

VI

Missouri 

River 

basin.

c36,37 

49,^50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,9131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436

VII

Lower 

Mississippi 

River 

basin.

37 

50 

* 65. 66, 75 

*83,84 

*98,99 

4128,131

4169,173 

* 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407 

437

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Tables of monthly discharge for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gallatin River.

A Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mphave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope drainage basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. 

Tables of monthly discharge for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

ft Wissaaickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

* Scioto River.

S Loup and Plat

with Platte.

* Tributaries of M

i Lake Ontario a

m Hudson Bay on

« New England r

o Hudson River 

P Susquehanna R

1 Platte and Kan

r Great Basin in 

s Below junction 

* Rogue, Umpqu
PAET V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 

DRAINAGE BASINS.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins include 

streams whose waters reach Hudson Bay and the Mississippi above 

its junction with the Ohio (except the Missouri). The principal 

streams flowing into Hudson Bay from the United States are St. 

Mary River, Red River, and Rainy River. The principal tributaries 

of the upper Mississippi are Crow Wing, Sauk, Crow, Rum, Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Zumbro, Black, Root, Wisconsin, Wapsipinicon, Rock, Iowa, Des Moines, Illinois, and Kaskaskia rivers. 

These streams drain wholly or in part the States of Illinois, Indiana, 

Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin.

In addition to the list of gaging stations and the annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, these pages contain a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references 

to reports published by State and other organizations. (See p. xvn.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash after a date indicates that station was being maintained September 30, 1916. Period 

after a date indicates discontinuance.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

St. Mary River near Babb (formerly dam site), Mont., 1902-

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 1901-2; 1910-1915.

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, 1902-

Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1902-1910.

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., 1912-

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., 1912-

Kennedy Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1903-1907. 

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1913- 

Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1904-1913. 

Red River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-10. 

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., 1901- 

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., 1901- 

Red River at Pembina, N. Dak., 1901. 

Red River at Emerson, Manitoba, 1900-1902.

Mustinka River near Wheaton, Minn., 1916.

Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-1912.

Sheyenne River at Haggart, N. Dak., 1902-1907.

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., 1909-

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak., 1901-1912.

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909-

vn
VIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Red River tributaries Continued.

 led Lake River at Crookston, Minn., 1901-

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909-

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., 1909-

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., 1903-1915.

Roseau River at Dominion City, Canada, 1912.

- West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Mouse River near Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1906. 

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., 1903-

Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1906. 

Rainy Lake at Rainier, Minn., 1910- 

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., 1907- 

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., 1905-1907; 1912-

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn., 1911-

Little Fork at Little Fork, Minn., 1909-

Big Fork at Big Falls, Minn., 1909-1912.

Big Fork at Laurel, Minn., 1909.

Black River near Loman, Minn., 1909.

UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASIN.

Mississippi River above Sandy River, Minn., 1895-1915. 

Mississippi River near Fort Ripley, Minn., 1909-10. 

Mississippi River near Sauk Rapids, Minn., 1903-1906. 

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., 1915- 

Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn., 1905-1914. 

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., 1873-

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn., 1893- 

Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn., 1886- 

Prairie River near Grand Rapids, Minn., 1909. 

Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., 1910-1914. 

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., 1909; 1913- 

Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn., 1903; 1909-1913. 

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., 1909- 

Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., 1911- 

Crow River at Rockford, Minn., 1909- 

Crow River near Dayton, Minn., 1906.

North Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-10.

South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Rum River at Onamia, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Rum River at St. Francis, Minn., 1903. 

Rum River near Anoka, Minn., 1905-6; 1909. 

Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., 1909- 

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., 1903-

Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., 1910-1912.

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., 1910-1914.

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., 1909-

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., 1909-1914.

Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Blue Earth River at Rapidan Mills, Minn., 1909-10.
GAGING STATIONS. IX

Mississippi Eiver tributaries Continued. 

St. Croix Eiver at Swiss, Wis., 1914- 

St. Croix Eiver near St. Croix Falls, Wis., 1902-1905; 1910-

Namakagon Eiver at Trego, Wis., 1914-

Yellow Eiver at Webster, Wis., 1914.

Kettle Eiver near Sandstone, Minn., 1908-

Snake Eiver at Mora, Minn., 1909-1913.

Snake Eiver near Pine City, Minn., 1913-

Apple Eiver near Somerset, Wis., 1901- 

Cannon Eiver at Welch, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Chippewa Eiver at Bishops Bridge, near Winter, Wis., 1912- 

Cbippewa Eiver near Bruce, Wis., 1913- 

Chippewa Eiver at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 1888- 

Cbippewa Eiver near Eau Claire, Wis., 1902-1909.

West Fork of Chippewa Eiver near Winter, Wis., 1911-

Flambeau Eiver near Butternut, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau Eiver near iTadysmith, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau Eiver at Ladysmith, Wis., 1903-1906.

Jump Eiver at Sheldon, Wis., 1915-

Eau Claire Eiver near Augusta, Wis., 1914-

Eau Claire Eiver near Eau Claire, Wis., 1913-14.

Eed Cedar Eiver near Coif ax, Wis., 1914-

Eed Cedar Eiver at Cedar Falls, Wis., 1909-

Eed Cedar Eiver at Menominee, Wis., 1907-8; 1913- 

Zumbro Eiver at Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1909-

South Branch of Zumbro Eiver near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1911- 

Trempealeau Eiver at Dodge, Wis., 1913- 

Black Eiver at Neillsville, Wis., 1905-1909; 1913- 

Black Eiver at Melrose, Wis., 1902-3. 

La Crosse Eiver near West Salem, Wis., 1913- 

Eoot Eiver near Houston, Minn., 1909-

North Branch of Eoot Eiver near Lanesboro, Minn., 1910- 

Upper Iowa Eiver near Decorah, Iowa, 1913-14. 

Wisconsin Eiver near Ehinelander, Wis., 1905-1915. 

Wisconsin Eiver at Whirlpool Eapids, near Ehinelander, Wis., 1915- 

Wisconsin Eiver at Merrill, Wis., 1902- 

Wisconsin Eiver near Nekoosa, Wis., 1914- 

Wisconsin Eiver near Necedah, Wis., 1902-1914. 

Wisconsin Eiver at Muscoda, Wis., 1902-3; 1913-

Tomahawk Eiver near Bradley, Wis., 1914-

Prairie Eiver near Merrill, Wis., 1914-

Little Eib Eiver near Wausau, Wis., 1914-1916.

Eau Claire Eiver at Kelley, Wis., 1914-

Big Eau Pleine Eiver near Stratford, Wis., 1914-

Plover Eiver near Stevens Point, Wis., 1914-

Baraboo Eiver near Baraboo, Wis., 1913-

Kickapoo Eiver at Gays Mills, Wis., 1913- 

Turkey Eiver at Garber, Iowa, 1913-1916.

Maquoketa Eiver above mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913- 

Maquoketa Eiver at Manchester, Iowa, 1903.

Maquoketa Eiver below mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913- 

Wapsipinicon Eiver at Stone City, Iowa, 1903-1914. 

Eock Eiver at Watertown, Wis., 1914.
X SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

Mississippi River tributaries Continued. 

Rock River at Afton, Wis., 1914-

Rock River above mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., 1903. 

Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., 1093-1909. 

Rock River at Rockford, 111., 1914- 

Rock River near Nelson, 111., 1906. 

Rock River at Sterling, 111., 1905-6. 

Rock River at Lyndon, 111., 1914 

Catfish River at Madison, Wis., 1902-3. 

Lake Mendota at Madison, Wis., 1902-3.

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., 1914-

Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111., 1914-

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., 1914- 

lowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, 1911-1914. 

Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, 1903; 1915- 

lowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1913-; 

Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, 1915-

Cedar River near Austin, Minn., 1909-1914.

Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, 1905-6; 1915-

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1902-

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, 1915- 

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, 1913- 

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, 1913; 1915- 

Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa, 1905-6; 1911-1913. 

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, 1913-

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3; 1905-6; 1914- 

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1911-

Raccoon River near Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3.

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, 1915- 

Illinois River near Minooka, 111., 1902-1904 

Illinois River near Seneca, 111., 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Ottawa, 111., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near La Salle, 111., 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Peoria, 111., 1903-1906.

Kankakee River at Davis, Ind., 1905-6.

Kankakee River at Momence, 111., 1905-6; 1914-

Kankakee River at Custer Park, 111., 1914- 

Yellow River at Knox, Ind., 1905-6.

Des Plaines River at Riverside, 111., 1896-1898.

Des Plaines River above mouth of Jackson Creek, near Channahon, 111., 1903- 

1906.

Des Plaines River above Kankakee River, near Channahon, 111., 1902-3.

Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111., 1914-

Des Plaines River at Romeo, 111., 1914.

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111., 1914-

Fox River at Algonquin, 111., 1915-

Fox River at South Elgin, 111., 1914-15.

Fox River at Aurora, 111., 1914.

Fox River at Sheridan, 111., 1905-6.

Fox River at Wedron, 111., 1914-

Fox River at Ottawa, 111., 1903.

Vermilion River near Streator, 111., 1914 
GAGING STATIONS. XI

Mississippi River tributaries Continueu. 

Illinois River tributaries Continued.

Spoon River at Seville, 111., 1914-

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River at Decatur, 111., 1905.

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River a:t Springfield, 111., 1903.

Sangamon River near Oaklord, 111., 1909-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River near Chandlerville, 111., 1908-9.

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914- 

Salt Creek near Kenny, 111., 1908-1912. 

Cahokia Creek at Poag, 111., 1909-1912. 

Kaskaskia River near Arcola, 111., 1908-1912. 

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914. 

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111., 1908-1912; 1914- 

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-15. 

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111., 1907-1912; 1914-

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111., 1909-1912; 1914.

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111., 1908-1912; 1914. 

Big Muddy River near Cambon, 111., 1908-1912. 

Big Muddy River at Plumfield, 111., 1914-

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914.
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE HUDSON BAY AND UPPER 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at prices noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis.

Discusses, by counties, glacial deposits and sources of well waters; many well sections.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 

11 pis. 15c.

Gives elevations and distances along Red River (of the North), and Minnesota, Skunk, Iowa, 

Des Moines, Illinois, and Rock rivers; also brief descriptions.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c. 

A revised edition of Nos. 57 and 61, was published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 149 (q. v.).

96. Bestnictive floods in the United States in 1903, by E.G. Murphy. 1904. 81pp., 

13 pis. 15c. 

Contains notes on early floods in Mississippi Valley.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on wells and springs of Minnesota and Missouri.

The reports comprise tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, material penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Iowa, Illinois, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin. Superseded by 152.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports as follows: Missouri, by E. M. Shepard; Iowa, by W. H. Norton; Minnesota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin district, by Alfred R. Schultz; Illinois, by Frank Leverett; 

Indiana, by Frank Leverett; each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, 

the relation of the geology to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists 

also principal mineral springs.

117. The lignite of North Bakota and its relation to irrigation, by F. A. Wilder. 1905. 

59 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Describes the thickness, extent, variations, and fuel value of the lignite and its use for pumping 

water, the area, soils and lignite of the river flats, and the status of irrigation in the State.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by B.W.Johnson. 1905. 55pp. 5c.

Cites legislative acts affecting underground waters in South Dakota and Wisconsin.
PUBLICATIONS. XIII

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller,

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp.,6 pis. lOc.

Contains two reports relating to areas draining to Hudson Bay or upper Mississippi River: 

Water resources of Mineral Point quadrangle, Wisconsin, by U. S. Grant. Describes springs,

streams, and shallow and deep wells. 

Water supplies at Waterloo, Iowa, by W. H. Norton. Summarizes results of investigations to

determine availability of artesian water to replace the surface supply from Cedar River; discusses

necessity of test wells, supplementary supplies, artesian head, and permanency of flow.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), the location, depth, diameter, yield, 

height of water, and other features of wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes all wells listed in 

Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating to deep borings.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of the inland waters in the United 

States (second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Iowa, Illinois, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin.

*156. Water powers of northern Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1906. 145 pp., 5 pis. 25c. 

Describes by river systems the drainage, geology, topography, rainfall and run-ofl, water 

powers, and dams.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index of flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp.,4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods in southeastern Minnesota, on Devils Creek, Iowa, and in Des 

Moines County, Iowa; gives estimates of flood discharge and frequency on Illinois River and on 

^ Mississippi River at St. Paul.

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Wesbrook. 

1907. 171pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes by river basins the topography, geology, and soils, the industrial and municipal 

pollution of the streams, and gives notes on the municipalities; contains many analyses.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi Rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*195. Underground waters of Missouri, their geology and utilization, by E. M. Shepard. 

1907. 224 pp., 6 pis. 30c.

Describes the topography and geology of the State, the waters of the various formations, and 

discusses the water supplies by districts and counties, gives statistics of city water supplies, 

analyses of waters, and many well records.

*227. Geology and underground waters of South Dakota, by N. H. Darton. 1909. 

156 pp., 15 pis. 40c.

Describes physical features, geologic formations, water horizons, and, by counties, deep wells 

and well prospects; gives notes on construction and management of artesian wells.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United.States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Mississippi, 

Minnesota, Chippewa, Wisconsin, Rock, Iowa, Cedar, Des Moines, Illinois, Kankakee, Fox, 

Sangamon, Kaskaskia, and Big Muddy rivers.

239. The quality of the surface waters of Illinois, by W. D. Collins. 1910. 94 pp., 

3 pis. lOc.

Discusses the natural and economic features that determine the character of the streams, 

describes the larger drainage basins, and the methods of collecting and analyzing the samples 

of water, and discusses each river in detail with reference to its source and course and the quality 

of water; includes short chapters on municipal supplies and industrial uses.
XIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

254. The underground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. R. Capps, with a 

chapter on the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 1910. 279 

pp., 7 pis. 40c.

Describes relief, drainage, vegetation, soils, and crops, industrial development, geologic formations; sources, movements, occurrence, and volume of ground water; methods ot well construction and lifting devices; discusses, in detail for each county, surface features and drainage, 

geology and ground water, city, village, and rural supplies, and gives records of wells and analyses of waters. Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays.

256. Geology and underground waters of southern Minnesota, by C. W. Hall, 0. E. 

Meinzer, and M. L. Fuller. 1911. 406 pp., 18 pis. 60c.

Discusses the physiography of the State, geologic formations and their water-bearing capacity, 

artesian conditions, the mineral quality of the underground waters, types of wells, finishing 

wells in sand, drilling in quartzite, fluctuation in yield and head, "blowing'' and "breathing" 

wells, freezing of wells, drainage by wells, hydraulic rams, and scientific prospecting for water, 

municipal supplies, power, storage and distribution, consumption of water, prices, sanitation. 

Gives by counties details concerning surface features, rocks, yield, head, and quality of water, 

and summaries and analyses.

293. Underground water resources of Iowa, by W. H. Norton, W. S. Hendrixson, 

H. E. Simpson, 0. E. Meinzer, and others. 1912. 994 pp., 18 pis. 70c.

Describes the relief, drainage, temperature, and precipitation of the State and the geologic 

formations; discusses the geologic occurrence of ground waters, artesian phenomena and 

yield of artesian wells, the chemical composition of ground waters, municipal, domestic; 

and industrial water supplies, and mineral waters; gives details concerning topography, geology, 

ground waters, and city and village supplies by districts and counties. ^

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 19J4. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains: 

(i) Gazetteer of surface waters of Iowa, by W. G. Hoyt and H. J. Ryan, pp. 169-221.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Suivey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of spring and well waters from Nashville and Macomb, 111., and Story City, 

Iowa.

417. Profile surveys of rivers in Wisconsin, prepared under the direction of W. H. 

Herron, acting chief geographer. 1917. 16 pp., 32 pis. 45c.

Contains brief description of general features of drainage of Wisconsin and of the rivers surveyed, but consists chiefly of maps showing "not only the outlines of the river banks, the islands, 

the positions of rapids, falls, shoals, and existing dams, and the crossings of all ferries and roads, 

but the contours of banks to an elevation high enough to indicate the possibility of using the 

stream" for the development of power by low or medium heads.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (* 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased, 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-95. 4 parts. 

*Pt. II. Papers of an economic character, xix, 598 pp., 43 pis. $1.25. Contains:

The public lands and their water supply, by F. H. Newell, pp. 457-533, pis. 35 to 39. Describes 

general character of the public lands, the lands disposed of (railroad, grant, and swamp lands, 

and private miscellaneous entries), lands reserved (Indian, forest, and military reservations), 

the vacant lands, and the rate of disposal of vacant lands; discusses the streams, wells, and 

reservoirs as sources of water supply; gives details for each State.
PUBLICATIONS. xv

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director, 1896; 3 parts in 4 vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. $2.35. Contains:

Preliminary report on artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, pp. 

603-694, pis. 69 to 107. Gives an outline of the g ologic relations; describes the water horizon's 

and the extent of the artesian water, and gives details concerning wells and prospects by 

counties; discusses the origin, amount, pressure, head, and composition of the artesian waters, 

the use of artesian water for power, and gives details concerning artesian irrigation by counties; 

contains also remarks on the construction and management of artesian wells.

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 695-849, pis. 108 to 113. Describes 

the physical features of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, Des Plaines, Kankakee, Fox, Illinois-Vermilion, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Sangamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, Bock 

River, tributaries of the Mississippi in western Illinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, and tributaries 

of the Wabash; discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, the wells 

supplying water for rural districts, and artesian wells; contains tabulated artesian well data and 

water analyses.

Eighteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, 5 parts in 

6 vols. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, x, 756 pp., 102 pis. $1.75. Contains:

*The water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419-560, pis. 33 to 37. 

Describes the Wabash, Whitewater, Great Miami. Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum, 

and Beaver rivers, and lesser tributaries of the Ohio in Indiana and Ohio, the streams 

discharging into Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to the upper Mississippi 

through the Illinois; discusses shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells from the drift and deeper 

artesian wells, and gives records of wells at many of tfhe cities; describes the mineral springs, and 

gives analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for water 

works, and of cities and villages using shallow and deep-well waters; discusses the source and 

quality of the city and village supplies, and gives precipitation tables for various points.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Illinois and Iowa, and detailed records of wells in Boone, Dupage, Henry, and La Salle 

counties, 111., and Des Moines and Scott counties, Iowa. These wells were selected because they 

give definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin; and detailed records of wells in Brown, Hancock, La Salle, Pike, and Schuyler 

counties, 111.; Blackhawk, Floyd, Louisa, Mahaska, Scott, and Wapello counties, Iowa; and 

Hennepin, Ottertail, and Pine counties, Minn. The wells of which detailed sections are given 

were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles bounded by certain meridians and 

parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped.1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

1 Index maps showing areas in the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins covered by topographic maps and by geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. 

Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
XVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1916,, PART V.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of hills and valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structural-geology 

map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The economicgeology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. 

The artesian water map shows the depth to underground-water horizons. Economicgeology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special interest to students of 

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization 

of mineral resources.

The folios numbered from 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 

22 inches), called the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher 

than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in 

the Geological Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or 

less damaged by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They 

will be sold at the uniform price, of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale 

orders. This rate applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), 

also to the library edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185, 187, and 

higher numbers sells for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an 

unusually large amount of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of folio 

185 and higher numbers sells for 50 cents a copy. A discount of 40 per cent is allowed 

on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic maps amounting to $5 

at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also a brief discussion of the underground waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less infornation concerning 

the utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted. 

117. Casselton-Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota. 5c.

Gives a somewhat detailed account of the water supply, including descriptions and logs of 

principal wells and tabulated well records; contains artesian-water maps showing areas which 

will probably yield flowing wells.

*145. Lancaster-Mineral Point, Wisconsin-Iowa-Illinois.

Discusses the springs, shallow and deep wells, streams and water power; gives analyses of 

artesian water frem well at Dubuque, Iowa.

168. Jamestown-Tower (Jamestown, Eckelson, and Tower quadrangles), North 

Dakota. 1 5c.

Discusses shallow, deep, and artesian wells; head, pressure, power, volume, and character of 

the water, and gives a tabulated list of representative wells; contains an artesian-water mad 

showing areas in which flowing wells may probably be obtained.

185. Murphysboro-Herrin, Illinois. 1 Library edition, 25c., Octavo edition, 50e. 

188. Tallula-Springfield, Illinois. 1 Library edition, 25c., Octavo edition, 50c.

Discusses wells and the wholesomeness of the water; gives analyses of water from wells in 

the city of Springfield.

195. Belleville-Breese, Illinois. 25c.

Discusses wells and gives analyses of water from springs and weOe. "*' -

1 Issued in two editions; specify which edition is wanted.
PUBLICATIONS. XVII 

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources of 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those pertain-' 

ing to the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins are the 

reports of the State surveys of Illinois and North Dakota, the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey and the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, the Illinois Water-Supply Commission, and the 

Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, and the water-power report 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 17). The following reports deserve special 

mention:

Contributions to the physical geography of the United States^ Part I. On the physical geography of the Mississippi Valley, with suggestions for the improvement of navigation of the Ohio and other rivers, by Charles Ellet, jr.: Smithsonian Pub. 13, Washington, 1850.

The Mississippi and Ohio rivers, by Charles H. Ellet. 1853.

Report upon the physics and hydraulics of the Mississippi River, by A. A. Humphreys and H. L. Abbott.

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Barstow, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10, 1909.

Water resources of the East St. Louis district, by Isaiah Bowman: Illinois State 

Geol. Survey Bull. 5, 1907.

Chemical and biological survey of waters of Illinois, by Edward Bartow: Univ. 

Illinois Pub. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909.

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on Geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles 

W. Rolfe: Univ. Illinois Pub.

Report and plans for the reclamation of lands subject to overflow in the Kaskaskia 

River Valley, Illinois; begun under the direction of the Internal Improvement Commission; completed and published under the direction of the Rivers and Lakes Com,- 

mission of Illinois, by Jacob A. Harman. 1912.

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the sanitary and ship canal of 

Chicago: A brief of the facts and issues, by Lyman E. Cooley, Chicago, 1913.

The State of Missouri vs. the State of Illinois and the Sanitary district of Chicago, 

before Frank S. Bright, Commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States. 1904.

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, and characte'r, by W. S. Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Rept., 1901.

Report of the water resources investigation of Minnesota by the State drainage 

commission, 1910.

Report of the commission on conservation [Montana] on bills relating to the public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests, 1911.

Governor's message relating to conservation [in Montana] on bills relating to public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests.

Water resources of the Devils Lake region, North Dakota, by E. J. Babcock: North 

Dakota Geol. Survey, Second Bienn. Rept., 1903.

The water powers of Wisconsin, by Leonard S. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. 

Hist. Survey Bull. 20. Madison, Wis., 1908.

Report of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature on water powers. 

Madison, Wis., 1915.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

organizations, and most of them can be consulted in the public 

libraries of the larger cities. 

6342° 18 WSP 435 15
XVIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

GEOLOGICAL STJBVEY HYDBOLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigations:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kansas; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. 0. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, compares wheels of several types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pie. 15c.

Gives resume1 of Water-Supply Paper 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relating to 

sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis. 5c.

*42. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp. (73-147), 2 pis. (15-16). lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. (See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.)

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E, C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream 

flow, and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes 

also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, 

enlarged edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of ground waters; permeability of rocks and porosity 

of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of ground water; surface and deep zones of flow, and 

recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and position 

of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing wells; describes artesian 

wells at Savannah, Ga.
PUBLICATIONS. XIX

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives formulas for rainfall, run-off, and evaporation; discusses effects of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c. [Requests for this report should be addressed to the II. S. 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest: 

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross. 

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien. 

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs. 

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner. 

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. Lippincott. 

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas H. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. (See also No. 95.)

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. (See also No. 94.)

*103. A review of the law's forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from 

notes furnished by A. N. Talbot.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and "by trade wastes, describes 

the manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the 

waste. The second paper describes l>riefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region 

about Marion, Ind., and the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains reports on "Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing 

sources, amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, waterbearing formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential conditions of 

artesian flows, and general conditions affecting ground waters in eastern United States.
XX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 

pp. 5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, 

and cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in 

Rio Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y., gives 

results of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 1905. 

61 pp., 4 pis. 5c. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan.

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller.

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c. [Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to the 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest.

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W; M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigated water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 1905. 

206 pp., 18 pis. 15c. ,

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.
PUBLICATIONS. XXI

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp.,38 pis, (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

second edition, by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc.

Scope indicated by title.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

N. Y.,byA. C. Veatch. 1906. 83pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuations due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, irrigation, dams, underground-water developments, and to indeterminate causes.

*160. Underground water papers. 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp.', 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fiuorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp.,4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 

pp., 2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, * * * with a history 

of the sewage-disposal problem, by C.-E. A. Winslow and E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 163pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and tendencies in 

sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character of 

crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification by intermittent sand filtration and in beds of coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and of resulting litigation; 

discusses effect of acid-iron liquors o sewage-purification processes, recovery of copperas from 

acid-iron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri u. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title. i

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c.

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies 

by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91, 

pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under 

the direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers; 

by M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall, 

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool-scouring, bleaching, and dyeing cotton yam, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one-hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation,"by Ren£ 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to 

the development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work 

of bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture and gives resume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, 

relative cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells and cisterns.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIII

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of 

ground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and 

the machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well 

waters and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of 

sinking wells.

*258. Underground water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest:

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller.

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller.

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson.

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller.

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation.

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 8 

pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water, and municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H.Horton and H.J.Jackson. 1913. 96 pp. 22 pis. 20c. 

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 

pis., 15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

(«) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley ^ water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and.of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis. 15c.

Contains three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch 

in December, 1914.

* (c) The relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. 

Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(«) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(/) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of stream flow, by 

C. H. Pierce, pp. 131-139.
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART V.

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1917. 108 pp., 7 pis. Contains:

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

* (c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by E. C. Pierce, pp. 39-51. 

(<Z) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoty, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur 

J. Ellis. 1917! 59 pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod for 

locating underground water.

425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 3917; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1918. Contains:

* (c) Hydraulic conversion tables and convenient equivalents, pp. 71-94. 1917.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin,pp. 125-173, 

pi. 21. Scope indicated by title.

Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. *Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 368-561, pis. 107 to 146. See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. Ill to 145. Discusses 

the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt and sedimentation; gives brief 

history of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho, California, Wyoming, and Arizona; 

discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources 

of supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II. Papers chiefly of a theoretic 

nature, v, 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King,pp. 59-294, pis. 

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous medium and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pi. 

17. Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS. XXV

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes tne topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power 

development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives 

details of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee 

river basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, 

Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadktn, New, and Monongahela rivers.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Cal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the de'bris."

105. Hydraulic-mining de'bris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917. 50c.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular 

study be made of portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquiin valleys affected by detritus 

from torrential streams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of 

the subject, traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining of earlier 

decades, the similar effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the 

erosion of the soil, and the influence of the restriction of the area |of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now 

carrying heavy loads of de'bris.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the Uniti 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives t:

id States (a preliminary 

,bles of analyses.

waters, the confining agents, 

modifying factors

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

1908. 44pp. 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of ground 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the proper 

ties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on pn 

ues, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as 

results of analyses;

in river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi 

Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.

discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations;

iperty values and reacting valinterpreted directly from the- 

, silica 

and the Great Lakes and St.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A= Annual Reports; M= Monograph; B= Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W= Water-Supply Paper,

G F= Geologic folio.]

Artesian waters: Essential conditions....................... A 5; B 319; W 67, 114

Bibliographies 1 ................................................. W 119,120,163

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretation.... W 151, 236, 254, 274, 364; B 479

Conservation............................................................. W 234

Conversion tables........................................................ W 425c

De'bris reports........................................................... P 86, 105

Denudation.............................................................. P 72

Divining rod............................................................. W 416

Engineering methods..................................................... W 1,

3, 8, 20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 93, 94, 95, 110,143, 146,150,180,

187, 200, 257, 337, 345e, 371, 375c, 375^ 375/, 400c, 4(XW

Floods...................................................... W 96, 147, 162, 334

Ice measurements................................................ W 146, 1187, 337

Illinois: Quality of waters, etc........................... W 194, 236, 239,188, 195

Surface waters.................................... A 17 ii, 18 iv; W 239

Underground waters. A 17 ii; B 264, 298; W 57,114,149; G F 145,185,188,195 

India: Irrigation........................;.......................... A 12ii; W 87

Indiana: Quality of waters.................................. A 18 iv; W 236, 254

Surface waters......................................... A IS iv; W 147

Underground waters................ A 18 iv; B 298; W 21,57,114,149, 254

Iowa: Quality of waters............................................... W 236, 293

Surface waters................................................ W 162, 345i

Underground waters............. B 264, 298; W 57,114,145,149, 293; G F 145

Irrigation, general......................... A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20,22,4L, 42, 87, 93,146

Legal aspects: Surface waters...................................... W 103,152, 238

Underground waters:........................................ W 122

Mineral springs: Analyses.......................................... A 14 ii; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc................................. A 14 ii

Lists................................................ B 32;W 114

Minnesota: Quality of waters................................. W 102,193, 236, 256

Surface waters.............................................. W 162,193

Underground waters........... B 298; W 57,102,114,149,256; G F 117

Missouri: Quality of waters, etc.................................... W 102,195, 236

Surface waters.................................................. W 162

Underground waters.............. B 298; W 57,102,110,114,145,149,195

Montana: Underground waters..........'............................... W 57,149

Motions of ground waters...................... A 19 ii; B 319; W 67,110,140,155

North Dakota: Underground waters.... A 17 ii; B 298; W 61,117,149; G F 117,168

Pollution: By industrial wastes............................. W 179,186,189, 226, 235

By sewage.............................................. W 72, 79,194

Laws forbidding............................................ W 103,152

Indices of................................................. W 144,160

1 Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

' Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

XXVI
INDEX BY AEEAS AND SUBJECTS. XXVII

Profiles of rivers........................................................ W 44,417

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation................... W 3,

22, 72, 79,103,110,113,114,144,145,152,160,179,

185,186,189,194, 226, 229, 235, 236, 255, 258, 315

Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3, 22, 72, 113,185,194, 229

South Dakota: Surface waters.......................................... W 147,162

Underground waters........... A 17 ii, 18 iv; B 298; W 61, 149, 227

Underground waters: Legal aspects......................................... W 122

Methods of utilization........................ W 114j 255, 257

Pollution................................ W 110,145,160, 258

Windmill papers................................................ W 1, 8, 20,41,42

Wisconsin: River profiles................................................. W 417

Surface waters................................................. W 156

Underground waters................ B 298; W 61,114,145,149; G F 145
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Apple River, Wis................

Baraboo River, Wis...............

Beaucoup Creek, 111..............

Big Eau Pleine River, Wis........

Big Fork, Minn...................

Big Muddy River, 111............

Black River, Minn...............

Black River, Wis................

Blue Earth River, Minn....:.....

Cahokia Creek, 111................

Cannon River, Minn.............

Catfish River, Wis................

Cedar River, Iowa...............

Cedar River, Minn................

Cedar River, Red, Wis.-...........

Chippewa River, Minn...........

Chippewa River, Wis............

Chippewa River, West Fork, Wis.. 

Clearwater River, Minn...........

Cottonwood River, Minn..........

Crow River, Minn................

Crow River, North Fork, Minn....

Crow River, South Fork, Minn....

Crow Wing River, Minn..........

Des Lacs River, N. Dak...........

Des Moines River, lowa-Minn.....

Des Plaines River, 111.............

Devils Lake, N. Dak..............

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary

to Chippewa River)............

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary

to Wisconsin River).............

Eau Pleine River, Big, Wis.......

Elk River, Minn.................

Flambeau River, Wis.............

Fox River, 111....................

Illinois River, 111.................

Iowa River, Iowa................

Iowa River, Upper, Iowa.........

Jump River, Wis................

Kankakee River, Ill.-Ind.........

KaskasMa River, 111..............

Kawishiwi River, Minn...........

Kennedy Creek, Mont.............

IX 

IX 

XI 

IX

vin

XI

VIII

IX

VIII

XI

IX

X

X

X

IX

VIII

IX

IX

vni

VIII 

VIII 

VIII 

VIII

vin

VIII 

X 

X

vn

IX 

IX

vin

IX

x 

x 

x

IX 

IX

x

XI

vni

VII

Page.

Kettle River, Minn.............. ix

Kickapoo River, Wis............. ix

Lac qui Parle River, Minn........ vin

La Crosse River, Wis.............. ix

Little Fork, Minn................ vm

Little Rib River, Wis............. ix

Long Prairie River, Minn......... vin

Maquoketa River, Iowa........... ix

Mendota Lake, Wis............... x

Minnesota River, Minn........... vin

Mississippi River, Minn-......... vm

Mouse River, N. Dak............ vin

Muddy River, Big, 111............ xi

Mustinka River, Minn............ vn

Namakagon River, Wis........... ix

North Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

Ottertail River, Minn............ vn

Pecatonica River, 111.-Wis......... x

Pelican River, Minn............. vn

Pembina River, N. Dak........... vni

Pine River, Minn................. vni

Plover River, Wis................ ix

Prairie River, Minn............... vin

Prairie River, Wis................ ix

Raccoon River, Iowa.............. x

Rainy Lake, Minn................ vin

Rainy River, Minn.............. vin

Red Cedar River, Wis............ ix

Red Lake River, Minn......... vn, vni

Red River, Minn., N. Dak., Manitoba.......................... VII

Redwood River, Minn............ vin

Rib River, Little, Wis........... ix

Rock River, Wis.-Ill.............. ix, x

Root River, Minn................ ix

Root River, North Branch, Minn.. ix

Roseau River, Canada............. vni

Roseau River, West Branch, Minn. vin

Rum River, Minn................ vm

St. Croix River, Wig.............. ix

St. Mary River, Mont.-Alberta... vn

Salt Creek, 111................... xi

Sandy River, Minn............... vni

xxvin
INDEX OF STBEAMS. XXIX

Sangamon River, 111..............

Sangamon River, South Fork, 111.. 

Sauk River, Minn................

Sheyenne River, N. Dak..........

Shellrock River, Iowa............

Shoal Creek, 111...................

Silver Creek, 111.................

Skunk River, Iowa..............

Snake River, Minn...............

South Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Spoon River, 111..................

Sugar River, Wis................

Swiftcurrent Creek, Mont..........

Thief River, Minn...............

Tomahawk River, Wis...........

Trempealeau River, Wis..........

XI

XI

VIII

VII

x

XI 

XI

x

IX

XI

x

VII

VIII

IX 

IX

Turkey River, Iowa............... ix

Two Rivers, South Branch, Minn.. vni 

Upper Iowa River, Iowa......... ix

Vermilion River, 111............. x

Vermilion River, Minn............ vni

Wapsipinicon Iliver, Iowa........ ix

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Whetstone River, S. Dak.......... vni

Wild Rice River, Minn............ vn

Wisconsin River, Wis............. ix

Yellow River, Ind................ x

Yellow River, Wis................ ix

Zumbro River, Minn.............. ix

Zumbro River, South Branch,

Minn........................... ix

o