11

11

11

100

100

100

500

500

1000

1000

2000

200 0

300 0

3000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

30 0 0

Volcano

Glenwood

Hawaiian Volcano

Observatory

Punalu‘u

Pāhala

Puʻuʻeleʻele flow

Kauhiuhi flow 

Keakapulu Flat flow

Pahuamimi flow

Kilohana flow

Puʻuʻeleʻele flow

Waimuku flow

Kapāpala Ranch flow

Keʻāmuku Kīpukakulalio east flow

Puʻuwahi flow

Kīpukamaunaʻiu flow

Kapāpala flow

Kaʻiliʻula flow

Flow 393

Puʻuʻulaʻula flow 

Palakea Flat flow

Kaʻū High School flow

Flow 890

Moaʻula flow

Red Cone flow

Flow 350

Flow 983

West Wood Valley flow

Kaʻalaʻala Gulch flow

ʻŌhaikea flow

Flow 348

Laeʻopuhili flow

Flow 296

Kīpukakēkake flow

Kilohana flow

Flow 884

Keʻāmuku Kīpukakēkake flow

AD 1880-81

ʻlliokōloa flow

Flow 841

Upper Strip Road flow

Kīpukamaunaʻiu flow

Keʻāmuku Kīpukakulalio east flow

Cow Pasture picrite flow

Flow 989

 East Wood Valley flow

ʻlliokōloa flow

Upper Strip Road flow

Kaʻū High School flow

Flow 891

Cow Pasture flow

Flow NE of 1880

Keauhou Ranch flow

Kauhiuhi Maluikeao flow

Keakapulu Flat flow

Flow 884

Kīpukalōʻihi flow

Nīnole Basalt

Flow 899

Flow NE of 1880

Flow 989

Flow 882

Palakea Flat flow

Cow Pasture

flow

Pāʻauʻau flow

ʻUaʻu flow

Kauhuhuʻula flow

Flow 882

Flow 884

Nīnole Basalt

Flow 392

Flow 884

Upper Strip Road flow

Kīpukamaunaʻiu flow

Ke A Poʻomuku Lava Flow

Keʻāmuku Kīpukakulalio east flow

Flow 890

Uēwale Gulch flow

ʻAhulili flow

KUMU

K A P

Ā

P A L A

Kālu‘e

Ka‘aha KA‘ALA‘ALA

Pu‘ukou

PU‘UKOA

Pālima 

Point

PĀLIMA

K E A Ī W A

Puhimau

Crater

Halema‘uma‘u

Pu‘upili

Kamehame

Hill

‘Āinapō

‘Āinapō

WAIMUKU

Pu‘ukoa‘e

Pu‘umo‘o

Kīlauea

Military 

Camp

HALELUA

‘AHULILI

Pu‘ukaone

Pu‘upili

K A P Ā P A L A

MAKAKUPU

‘ILIOKŌLOA

Kauhiuhi

WAILOA

KA‘ILI‘ULA

Pu‘u

Kolekole

Pu‘u‘ula‘ula

Red

Cones

Kīpukakulalio

Pu‘unāhāhā

Pahuamimi

Maluikeao

‘ILIOKŌLOA

Ka‘ōiki Pali

Pu‘ukuanēnē

Nāpu‘ukūlua

Kū‘ē‘ē

Ruins

Kīpukanēnē

Kīpuka‘āhiu

K A U H U H U ‘ U L A

K a ‘ ū D e s e r t

Yellow

Cone

‘ Ō L A ‘ A

F O R E S T R E S E R V E

MOHOKEA

NUI

Keanabihopa

Kamakai‘a Uka

Kakiiwai

Keaoi

Kapaoo

Point

Makahanu Pali

Kīpukakulalio

Kamakai‘a Waena

K A ‘ A L A ‘ A L A M A K A I

Halfway

House

Luamanu

Crater

Kī lauea Crater

Keakapulu Flat

KAUHUHU‘ULA IKI

Kapāpala 

Ranch

Kamakai‘a Hills

Kōko‘olau

Crater

Kealaalea Hills

CHAIN OF CRATERS

Kīlauea Iki

Crater Thurston

Lava Tube

Keanakāko‘i

Crater

Maunaiki

Lava Shield

Kanenuiohamo

Lava Shield

Ulekuwale

KĪLAUEA IKI TRAIL

Halema‘uma‘u

 Parking Area

Ke‘āmuku Lava Flow

Park 

House

Lava Flow of 1880

Ka‘ōiki

Pali HAWAI‘I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK

Great

Crack

Uēwale

Gu lch

Wai ‘ak aloa

Gulch

WOOD VALLEY 

HOMESTEADS

Peleli‘ili‘i Gulch

Ipu‘u Ridge

Makakupu Gulch

Ka‘ala‘ala Gulch

Ke āīwa Gulch

PĀLIMA

PĀ‘AU‘AU 1

PĀ‘AU‘AU 1

HI‘ONAMOA

P Ā‘ A U ‘ A U 2

K

pī

u

kapepeiao

H i l i n a

P a l i

Kīpukamauna‘iu

Pu‘ukapukapu

Spring

W a i h a k a G u l c h

K A P Ā P A L A

Anipe‘ahi

H A WA I ‘ I V O L C A N O E S N AT I O N A L PA R K

K Ī L A U E A F O R E S T R E S E RV E

UPPER ‘ŌLA‘A

FOREST RESERVE

HAWAI‘I

VOLCANOES 

NATIONAL PARK

‘ŌLA‘A

RESERVATION

LOTS

K A H A U A L E ‘ A

Nāpau

Crater

Pu‘u 

Huluhulu

Hi‘iaka

Crater

HAWAI‘I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK

JEEP

TRAIL

Waiapele

Bay

Mahuka

Bay

Waioala

 Spring

Waterholes

290

640

350

340

230

720

540

300

780

340

300

760

300

570

530

8720

1585

9300

1810

1470

1400

1290

8550

1700

9680

2000

2950

1830

9960

8955

1465

1310

1510

1910

3630

8740

2270

2190

2340

1270

1510

1360

1505

2890

1480

1460

1435

1550

1640

1330

2880

1360

4400

25000

26450

10600

10030

10010

31020

25790

26630

290

9500

1285

8370

8550

4030 4340

961

1840

1820

1510

4340

1561

1586

1560

ts

p2e8

p2a4

p2i3

p2c6

p2i5

a1g1

a4j8

p2b10

p1k5

p2e8

p2f7

p2e14

a1a3

p1k2

p1e8

p1a3

n

p9g2

p5a5

a0b2

p8e1

a4j8

m10b1

a1k5

p9b4

a1k2

p2b2

ts

p2g22

ts

p2b16

p2c6

n

p3e4

p2b15

p4a1

p2e14

p1g4

p2j17

m8k3

p1l6

p3e4

p2a4

a2a4

a3a2

m10k4

a2a12

p1b7

a4a10

a5b7

a3l5

m1k2

m1k2

p3b10

p2g22

a2k13

p8e1

ts

ts

p3e4

a3i8

p1k5

a3i8

p2a19

p2b15

p2g22

a2k21

p3e4

a2e8

a3a2

p4g2

m1l6

p2b10

p2e8

a4l7

a2k20

p2e8

ts

m1k5

p9g2

ts

p5f6

a3l5

a2a18

a2e8

K

p2g22 a4l7 p3i8

p8e5

a5b3

a2g1

a6c3

p1k2

p1a3

K

p9h1

p2b24

p10a3

p8e5

p2c6

p2a4

a2k20

ts

a2e8

K

p9g2

a2a18

ts

p1e8

ts

ts ts

a9k3

s5a8

p2g22

p1i9

p2a18

p11a1

a2a19

a2k21

p3a9

m3i8

p5h4

p2e8

p9g2

p1l6

p10a3

p2b23

p3e4

p3e4

a5b7

p3b10

a3l5

p3e4

p1k2

p1e8

a11a4

a4a9

p2b15

p2i3

p3e4

a5b7

a4l7

p4a3

p2a19

p2i3

p9g2

a2e8

a6k2

p8e5

a2a18

p9h1

a8i4

ts

ts

p5a2

p3e4

a5b7 a1k2

a1k2

a2k20

p1a3

a2k13

p2i3

ts

m10b1

p1l6

p10k4

p2e8

p11b3

a6d1

p1l6

p2i5

p2g22

p2g22

p8e5

p1k5

p4c6

p11a1

p2k20

p3b10

p2e14

p4k4

a0a1

p4a11

a1e8

p2e8

p9h1

p1l6

p1l6

p10b1

a3a2

p8e5

p2i3

p1k5

a6a4

a2k20

p1a3

p1k5

p2g22

p9g2

p2k11

a2k20

p2g22

a3a2

p2g22

p2e14 p2a19

a1k5

a1l6

a6k2

a6d1

p2k20

p1l6

p1k2

m3e4

a4l7

p2g22

K

p2j17

a3a2

p3e4

a10i5

p1k5

p8e5

p2a19

a9b5

p10g6

p9b5

p1i9

p2b2

p5a2 a1a3

p1k2

a3a1

p10b1

p10c2

m10k4

a3a1

a3i3

m3a7

a3l5 m1a3

m10k4

p13f3

a13f2

a13f3

a13f2

a13f3

p11a2

m13b1

a3a1

p11b3

a10k4

a11a4

p10k4

p13f3

p4l5 p2c6

p2f7

p2b10

p2b10

p2c25

p9b4

p2e8

p9h1

p8b2

a4a3

p9b4

p5h4

p2e8

a5h4

p2e8

ts p2e14

m5a1

p2e14

p2i3

p3e4

a2a18

a2k13

a2k13

p2a18

a2a18

p5a2

p4a12

a1k2

p1e8

a4g2 a1k2

p1b7

p1e8

a4j8

a4j8

p2g22

p1g4

p2c6

p2i5

p2i5

p2a4

p2a4

p1a3 a1e8

a2k20

a0b2

a1k2

p1k2

a11a2

a1g1

p8e1

ts

a1l6

p2f9

a2a18

a2k11

m5b7

a1g1

p3e4

p2g22

p3b10

p2f7

p3b10

p2b2

p2b9

p9g2

p3e4

p2g22

pa

pa

a5b7

p2g22

K

K

K

K

–155°30'

19°30'

19°15'

19°07'30"

19°22'30"

–155°22'30"

–155°15'

–155°07'30"

19°30'

–155°07'30"

19°22'30"

–155°15'

19°15'

–155°22'30"

19°07'30" –155°30'

EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS

Contact—Approximately located. Internal contact defines 

flows

Fault—Ball and bar on downthrown block. Dotted where 

concealed

Fissure—Trace of fissure

Ground-crack zone

‘A‘ā and mixed flows

Spatter

Ash—Ash (unit ts) covering flows

Kīlauea Volcano deposits—Exposed in southern part of 

map area

Radiocarbon-dated sample locality—Age shown in yr 

B.P. See table 2 (pamphlet) for analytical data; note 

that not all age localities are in map area

Sample from surface flow—Charcoal

Sample from measured section—Does not date surface 

flow

K

4790

8730

Figure 1. Map showing subaerial volcanoes (green boundary) forming Island of Hawai‘i, main rift zones (orange) and fissures (red 

lines) on Mauna Loa, and 7.5-minute topographic quadrangles (shaded) in and adjacent to map area.

–156°

20°

19°30'

19°

–155°30' –155°

PA C I F I C

OCEAN

Kīlauea

Hualālai

Mauna Kea

Kohala

Mauna Loa

Northeast Rift Zone

Southwest Rift Zone

Mauna

Loa

Puu

Makaala Kulani

Kokoolau

Puu Ulaula

Pahala

Volcano Kilauea

Crater

Kau

Desert

Kipuka

Pakekake

Wood

Valley

Keaiwa

Reservoir

Punaluu

Moku‘āweoweo

Caldera

0

2

3

1

5

4

6

8

9

10

11

13

15

Table 3. Explanation of map unit labels, colors, and patterns for lava flows and vent deposits on Mauna Loa, Island of 

Hawai‘i, Hawaii.

[Map unit labels for lava flows and vent deposits consist of four parts that identify flow morphology, flow age group, phenocryst mineralogy, and 

flow number in an age group. For example, unit p10e1 is a pāhoehoe flow (p) dated 9,000 to 10,000 radiocarbon yr B.P. (10) that contains >15% 

olivine phenocrysts (e) and is the youngest flow in Age Group 10 (1). Materials dated include charcoal, roots, twigs, vegetative litter, or unaltered 

wood (rarely). All ages are reported in radiocarbon yr B.P. (before the calendar year datum of A.D. 1950). Pyroxene is not an abundant phenocryst 

in Mauna Loa lava flows and, therefore, is not included in phenocryst mineralogy] 

Flow morphology (letter; for example p10e1)

Spatter, tephra, and cinder-fall deposits

Pāhoehoe

‘A‘ā

Mixed ‘a‘ā and pāhoehoe

Littoral

Ash deposits

Flow age group (number; for example p10e1)

A.D. 1843 and younger

A.D. 1984 flow

A.D. 1880–81 flow

Pre-A.D. 1832 to 1,000 yr B.P.

1,000–2,000 yr B.P.

2,000–3,000 yr B.P.

3,000–4,000 yr B.P.

4,000–5,000 yr B.P.

5,000–6,000 yr B.P.

7,000–8,000 yr B.P.

8,000–9,000 yr B.P.

9,000–10,000 yr B.P.

10,000–15,000 yr B.P.

Flow age group (number; for example p10e1)—Continued

20,000–30,000 yr B.P.

>100,000 yr B.P. 

Phenocryst mineralogy (letter; for example p10e1)

Aphanitic (<1% of any mineral)

1–5% olivine

5–10% olivine

10–15% olivine

>15% olivine

Variable amounts of olivine (2–30%)

1–5% plagioclase

5–10% plagioclase

Mixed, 1–5% olivine + 1–5% plagioclase

Mixed, >5% olivine + 1–5% plagioclase

Mixed, 1–5% olivine + >5% plagioclase

Mixed, >5% olivine + >5% plagioclase

Flow number in age group (number; for example p10e1)

Youngest flow in any age group

Next youngest flow in any age group

Number increases as age increases

s

p

a

m

l

z

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

1

2

3

P A C I F I C O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government

This map also is offered in an online, digital version. Users should be aware that, because of differences in rendering 

processes and pixel resolution, some slight distortion of scale may occur when viewing the online version on a computer 

screen or when printing it on an electronic plotter, even when it is viewed or printed at its intended publication scale

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, 1–888–ASK–USGS

Digital files available at https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B

Suggested citation: Trusdell, F.A., and Lockwood, J.P., 2019, Geologic map of the central-southeast flank of Mauna Loa 

volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii: Scientific Investigations Map 2932–B, pamphlet 23 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:50,000, 

https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B.

Original U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps:

1:24,000: Kau, 1981; Kilauea Crater, 1981; Kipuka Pakekake, 1981; Pahala, 1981; 

Volcano, 1981; Wood Valley, 1981; 1:100,000: Hawaii County, Hawaii, 1980

U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000, digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital line 

graphs (DLGs) (https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#9/19.3228/-155.3865):

Contours (100 ft) interpolated from DEMs

Roads from DLGs, combined with TIGER/line data. Roads updated 2001 by Hawaii 

Department of Land and Natural Resources and Division of Forestry and Wildlife

Administrative boundaries (historic land divisions, ca. 1850 ahupua‘a boundaries 

and ca. 1900 coastlines) from DLGs

Hydrology polyline geodatabase extracted from DLGs

U.S. Geological Survey, 1:100,000, Historical Map of Hawaii, GEOPDF 

(https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#10/19.4167/-155.51495):

Geographic names verified August 2017 (https://geonames.usgs.gov/)

Universal Transverse Mercator projection

THIS MAP IS NOT INTENDED FOR NAVIGATION

Geology mapped by J.P. Lockwood (1975–1995) and 

F.A. Trusdell (1987–1995)

GIS database by F.A. Trusdell

Edited by J.L. Zigler; digital cartographic production 

by Donna L. Knifong and Katie Sullivan

Manuscript approved for publication February 5, 

2009

ISSN 2329-1311 (print)

ISSN 2329-132X (online)

https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B

Geologic Map of the Central-Southeast Flank of Mauna Loa Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii

By

Frank A. Trusdell and John P. Lockwood

2019

CONTOUR INTERVAL 100 FEET

DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL

APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION

 AT CENTER OF MAP, 2018

9 / ° 1 4

MAGNETIC NORTH

TRUE NORTH

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Map 2932–B

Sheet 1 of 2

Pamphlet accompanies map

Photograph showing a 1984 fissure that began erupting at the 3,409 m (11,185 ft) elevation, sending a flow southeast towards 

Kīlauea Volcano. Photograph by John P. Lockwood, U.S. Geological Survey.

Photograph showing a 1984 fissure at 3,409 m (11,185 ft) elevation that is sending a flow southeast towards Kīlauea Volcano; the 

tip of the 1984 flow is found in the north-central portion of the map sheet. Photograph by Robert Decker, U.S. Geological Survey.