Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower 

Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Open-File Report 2019–1010

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
Cover. Photograph of the lower Rio Grande valley, spring 2003. Photograph by Helen A. Whitney, U.S. Geological Survey.
Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils 

Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, 

Texas

By Helen A. Whitney, Federico Solano, and Bernard E. Hubbard

Open-File Report 2019–1010

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

DAVID BERNHARDT, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

James F. Reilly II, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2019

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Suggested citation:

Whitney, H.A., Solano, F., and Hubbard, B.E., 2019, Geochemistry and mineralogy of soils collected in the lower 

Rio Grande valley, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1010, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/

ofr20191010.

ISSN 2331-1258 (online)
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Regional Setting.............................................................................................................................................1

Previous Studies ............................................................................................................................................2

Sample Collection and Analysis..................................................................................................................2

Geochemical Analysis...................................................................................................................................2

Geochemical Results............................................................................................................................3

Mineral Analysis ............................................................................................................................................3

Results of Mineral Analyses ...............................................................................................................3

Conclusions.....................................................................................................................................................4

Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................................4

References Cited............................................................................................................................................4
iv

Figures

1. Map showing study area in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas..........................................7

2. Geologic map of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas showing the location

of soil sample sites .......................................................................................................................8

3. Graphs showing univariate statistics for each of the seven major mineral

groups identified in the soils from the lower Rio Grande valley ...........................................9

4. Map showing quartz content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas,

using an inverse distance-weighted model grid ...................................................................11

5. Map showing carbonate mineral content in soils of the lower Rio Grande

valley, Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid.............................12

6. Map showing potassium feldspar content in soils of the lower Rio Grande

valley, Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid.............................13

7. Map showing plagioclase content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley,

Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid .........................................14

8. Map showing muscovite content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley,

Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid .........................................15

9. Map showing kaolinite content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley,

Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid .........................................16

10. Map showing smectite content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley,

Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid .........................................17

Tables

 [All tables also available online at https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191010]

1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and

method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.............................................................18

2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and

method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.............................................................58

3. Univariate statistics and percentiles of analytical results for soil samples

collected in 2003 and 2004, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas................................................82

4. Univariate statistics and percentiles of analytical results for soil samples

collected in 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. ..............................................................84

5. Mineralogy of all soil samples collected in 2003, 2004, and 2007, lower Rio

Grande valley, Texas ..................................................................................................................86

6. Summary statistics of mineral content of soils by geologic formation as

determined by x-ray diffraction................................................................................................92
v

Conversion Factors

U.S. customary units to International System of Units

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

By Helen A. Whitney, Federico Solano, and Bernard E. Hubbard

Abstract

Presented in this report are the chemical and mineralogical results of a soil study conducted in the lower Rio Grande valley, 

Texas. Samples were collected from soils formed on Holocene alluvial flood-plain and distributary channel deposits of the Rio 

Grande, flood plain and meander-belt deposits of the Pliocene Goliad Formation, and the Pleistocene Lissie and Beaumont Formations. The lower Rio Grande valley is located on the old distributary delta of the Rio Grande. The watersheds on the U.S. side 

of the delta no longer drain into the Rio Grande but are part of a complex system of irrigation channels and wastewater drains 

that flow into the lower Laguna Madre. The results of the study have been used to map concealed geologic units and identify 

potential mosquito breeding habitat.

Introduction

The lower Rio Grande valley (LRGV) refers to a four-county region (Hidalgo, Cameron, Starr, and Willacy) in Texas 

bounded by the Rio Grande river (also known as the Rio Bravo) to the south. The LRGV stretches from the Falcon Reservoir 

eastward to the Laguna Madre and the Gulf of Mexico (fig. 1; figs. 1–10 follow References Cited). This area was selected for 

study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Border Environmental Health Initiative (BEHI) because the area is experiencing 

rapid economic and population growth, which may have adverse effects on the health of the environment, wildlife, and human 

inhabitants. Much of this growth is in response to the favorable economic conditions generated by the North American Free 

Trade Agreement Implementation Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–182, 107 Stat. 2057).

Agriculture dominates the land use and the economy of the region; however, manufacturing, oil and gas production, and 

tourism are also major contributors to the economy. The population in the LRGV grew from 978,369 in the year 2000 (U.S. 

Census Bureau, 2000) to an estimated 1,368,269 in the year 2012 (Texas Department of State Health Services, 2012).

The upper centimeter (cm) interval of soil was selected because it is considered by the human health community as a 

critical zone—the zone where humans and animals may come in contact with toxins residing in soils through dermal, inhalation, 

and ingestion pathways (Brantley and others, 2007; Smith and others, 2009). This same soil interval is also most likely to be 

transported by wind or water from fields as sediment into the drainage canals and streams in the lower Rio Grande valley area.

Regional Setting

The LRGV is part of the West Gulf Coastal Plain, a belt of Late Cretaceous to Holocene marine sedimentary rocks that 

gently slopes toward the Gulf of Mexico. The climate is subtropical; high temperatures range from the mid 90s in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) in Brownsville and low 100s (in °F) near the Falcon Dam during the summer months to the mid 50s °F during winter 

months (Menne and others, 2012). The prevailing wind direction is from the southeast, except in the winter months when winds 

from the northwest prevail (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2014). The average annual precipitation from 

2010 to 2014 was 26 inches in Brownsville and 21 inches near the Falcon Dam (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2014). The coastal areas are more humid and lush compared to the semi-arid climate of the Falcon Reservoir area, which is 

farther inland (fig. 1).

The oldest rock units in the study area are located to the north and west and the youngest are located along the present 

course of the Rio Grande and along the eastern coastline of the Laguna Madre (fig. 2). The oldest units are the fluvial sands 

of the Pliocene Goliad Formation, followed by the Pleistocene fluvial and meander belt sands of the Lissie Formation and the 

fluvial and deltaic deposits of the Beaumont Formation (Galloway and others, 2000). Organic-rich Holocene sediments consisting of silty-sandy alluvium, muddy flood-plain alluvium, and silty and sandy coastal deltaic deposits (Page and others, 2005) are 

located nearest to the Rio Grande and along the coastline of the Laguna Madre.
2 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Previous Studies

Notable scientific studies of the area began in the early 1900s with the publication of soil surveys of the Brownsville area 

by Mangum and Lee (1907). In their report, they describe the region prior to the development of the Falcon Dam and the extensive irrigation network that now restricts the natural flow of the Rio Grande. Subsequently, soil surveys for Starr (Thompson and 

others, 1972), Cameron (Williams and others, 1977), Hidalgo (Jacobs, 1981), and Willacy (Turner, 1982) Counties were completed. Brown and others (1980) constructed detailed environmental geologic maps of the Brownsville-Harlingen coastal area as 

part of a larger study of the natural resources of the Texas coastal zone. The maps and discussions provided helpful background 

information on the geologic history, coastal processes, and resource development of the area.

The Border Environmental Health Initiative began in 2003 as a USGS-sponsored collaborative study involving many scientists from the United States and Mexico—including biologists, hydrologists, geochemists, geologists, and geographers. The primary goal of the project was to collect and integrate data useful for examining the environmental health of the binational border 

region and to release these integrated products to other researchers working in the area (Buckler and Strom, 2004; Papoulias and 

others, 2006; Parcher, 2008). This study reports the geochemistry and mineralogy of the surficial soil layer, and is one of many 

studies completed in the Basin 8 subregion (Papoulias and others, 2006).

A modified version of the geologic map compiled by Page and others (2005) was used as the base map in the following 

discussions of the geochemical and statistical results. Page and others (2005) used the digital geologic map of Texas (Bureau of 

Economic Geology, 1976) and map data provided by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) in the compilation of their binational geologic map of southern Texas, United States, and Tamaulipas, Mexico, for the LRGV. The base map 

used in this report has been further modified to show only the U.S. side of the Rio Grande valley.

Preliminary results from this study were presented by Duval (2005), Folger and others (2006), Hubbard and others (2006), 

Page and others (2006), Merrill and others (2006), and Hubbard and others (2010).

Sample Collection and Analysis

In the early summer months of 2003, 2004, and 2007, 210 soil samples were collected from vacant lots, fallow agricultural 

fields, pastures, natural grasslands, and undeveloped lands on a scale of one sample per 4 square miles. Soil samples were collected from the upper 0–5 cm portion of the soil profile at 210 sites using stainless steel shovels, then double bagged to prevent 

contamination of samples while in transport. All soils were prepared in USGS laboratories where they were disaggregated by 

a soil juicer and sieved to a <2-millimeter (mm) grain size (<10-mesh) fraction. A split of the <2-mm soil sample was ground 

to <150-micrometer (μm) grain-size (<100-mesh) prior to geochemical analysis. The geochemical samples were analyzed by 

USGS laboratories in Denver, Colo., and by contract laboratories in Canada. A split (about 5 grams) of the <2-mm soil sample 

was micronized to <150-μm grain-size together with 10 weight percent zincite (ZnO) as an internal mineral standard prior to 

analysis using an x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Mineral identification and quantification were completed at the USGS laboratories 

in Reston, Va.

Geochemical Analysis

Analytical results are compiled into two tables; table 1 (tables 1–6 follow References Cited) contains the results for samples 

collected in 2003 and 2004, and table 2 contains the results from samples collected in 2007. Forty-two-element geochemistry (ICPAES-MS_42; Briggs and Meier, 2002) analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission 

spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples were digested in a multi-acid 

procedure prior to analysis by ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods. Analytical results are shown in tables 1 and 2, and limits of 

detection are listed in table 3. Elements analyzed by this combination ICP-MS and ICP-AES method have a prefix of “ICPMSAES” before the element name; for example, ICPMS-AES_Mg. Note that there was a change in the detection limit for cesium 

(Cs) from 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to 5 ppm for the samples analyzed in 2007 compared to those analyzed in 2003 and 2004.

Sixteen major, minor, and trace elements (ICPAES_16, method 17 in U.S. Geological Survey [2011]) were measured by 

ICP-AES. Samples were fused with lithium metaborate in a graphite crucible and then aspirated into the spectrometer. These 

results are listed in table 1 and the limits of detection are listed in table 3.

Ten major elements were determined by wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF; Taggart and 

Siems, 2002). Samples were fused with a flux containing equal parts of lithium metaborate and lithium tetraborate prior to 

irradiation and measurement of x-ray photons by the spectrometer. Elements measured by this method use the acronym XRF in 

table 2. The limits of detection are listed in table 4.
Mineral Analysis 3

Samples collected in 2007 were digested in a multi-acid procedure to form arsenic or selenium hydrides that then were 

heated and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS; Hageman and others, 2002). This method can measure small 

concentrations of these elements in various sample media. The optimum concentration range for measurement is 0.1–4 ppm for 

selenium and 0.2–20 ppm for arsenic.

Mercury (Hg) was only measured in samples collected in 2007. The samples were first digested using a multi-acid digestion 

procedure, then measured by continuous-flow vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS; Brown and others, 2002). The 

results for mercury are listed in table 2 and the limits of detection are listed in table 4.

Geochemical Results

Statistical summaries of geochemical analytical results are shown in tables 3 and 4. The summary tables list univariate 

statistics calculated on all analyses. Percentiles were calculated on all the analyzed samples including those with concentrations 

below the lower limit of detection. These tables also list the maximum and minimum concentration measured for each element by 

method. Statistical tests on chemical and mineral results were run using JMPTM (ver. 10) software (SAS Institute Inc.; www.sas.

com).

Mineral Analysis

Samples were analyzed for mineralogy using an XRD and quantified (table 5) using the Rietveld refinement of X’Pert Highscore PlusTM version 2.25e software (Malvern Panalytical; www.malvernpanalytical.com). The sum of the refined phases has been 

normalized to 100 percent and excludes the amorphous phase. The term “amorphous phase” refers to the noncrystalline phases 

present in soils that could not be identified during the XRD analysis of the soil.

Results of Mineral Analyses

A statistical analysis of the mineralogy was conducted on the seven most common minerals or mineral groups identified 

within the soil samples, which were quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, smectite (dominantly montmorillonite), total plagioclase, total 

K-feldspar (potassium-bearing), and total carbonate group. Carbonate group minerals include calcite, dolomite, siderite, and 

aragonite. Summary statistics are listed in table 6. Figure 3A–G shows the graphical results of the statistical tests. Box plots show 

the relative distribution of each mineral group by geologic unit (Page and others, 2005). One-way analysis of variance and a 

Tukey-Kramer test was performed for each mineral or mineral group. The Tukey-Kramer test compared the means of the mineral 

data for each geologic unit to determine if there were significant differences in the mineral concentrations between the units. The 

test results are illustrated using circle symbols that plot about the sample mean value. Circles that nest within or very near other 

circles have similar sample means. Histograms of the mineralogy, illustrating the relative proportion of each mineral group by 

geologic unit, show the strong influence of quartz and calcium carbonate in interpreting the geochemistry of the area. Histograms 

of the seven dominant minerals (or mineral groups) are displayed for the Goliad (G), Lissie (L), Beaumont (B), and Holocene (H) 

geologic units described by Page and others (2005).

Thematic maps of mineral concentrations were created to convey the spatial relations between mineral concentrations and 

the geology and geography of the region. Mineral concentrations were gridded using an inverse distance weighted algorithm of 

Geosoft Oasis MontajTM. The quartz distribution (fig. 4) shows high concentrations in soils overlying the sandstone of the Goliad 

Formation (Tg) and sand-rich-fluvial channel deposits of the Beaumont Formation (Qb). The high quartz concentrations seen 

in the lower part of the Beaumont Formation (Qb) soils and the central portion of the Holocene soils (Qaf) appear to reflect the 

stabilized eolian-dune and sandy-loess deposits, which formed during the Holocene directly on Pleistocene and Holocene soils 

(Brown and others, 1980). The carbonate mineral map is influenced by three different sources of calcium carbonate material: 

calichified soils, detrital calcite, and shell fragments (aragonite) (fig. 5). Shell fragments are most prevalent in the Holocene soils 

closest to the Rio Grande and the coastline. Caliche, the calcium- and magnesium-carbonate cemented soil layer that lies just 

beneath or at the soil surface, is indicated in the localized high concentrations of carbonates over the Goliad, Lissie, and Beaumont Formations. The soils with high potassium-feldspar concentrations appear to be coincident with channels of older fluvialdeltaic sediments of the Beaumont and Lissie Formations (fig. 6). Soils with high concentrations of plagioclase are located on the 

younger Beaumont Formation and Holocene sediments (fig. 7) where the plagioclase has not been removed by weathering. Muscovite appears to be more abundant in soils that were developed on the Lissie Formation and the younger Holocene sediments 

(fig. 8). The concentrations of kaolinite (fig. 9) and smectite (fig. 10) are very low. The occurrences of both clay minerals appear 

to be greatest in the younger Beaumont Formation and Holocene fluvial-deltaic sediments. These low values, in large part, underrepresent the total amount present and are a result of the limitations of the Rietveld software used to quantify the mineralogy.
4 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Conclusions

This report describes the geochemical and mineral composition of 210 soil samples collected in the lower Rio Grande 

valley of Texas. These data have been used to better define geologic units (Page and others, 2006; Folger and others, 2006) and 

identify geographic areas that may be prone to mosquito breading (Hubbard and others, 2006).

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Nadine Piatak, Bill Cannon, and Elizabeth Koozman of the U.S. Geological Survey 

(USGS) for their thoughtful comments. This research was supported by the USGS Landscape Geochemistry Project and the 

Border Environmental Health Initiative.

References Cited

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in Brantley, S.L., White, T.S., and Ragnarsdottir, K.V., eds., The critical zone––Where rock meets life: Elements, v. 3, no. 5, 

p. 30–314.

Briggs, P.H., and Meier, A.L., 2002, The determination of forty-two elements in geological materials by inductively coupledmass spectrometry, in Taggart, J.E., ed., Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02–223–I, 14 p.

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geologic atlas of the Texas coastal zone; Brownsville Harlingen area: Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas 

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data and ASTER imagery for mapping cross-border radon potential in the lower Rio Grande valley, south Texas, USA and 

north Tamaulipas, Mexico [abs.]: Geological Society of America South-Central Section Annual Meeting, March 6–7, 2006, 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 38, no. 1, p. 7.

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AAPG Bulletin, v. 84, no. 11, p. 1743–1774.

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environmental factors influencing mosquito-borne infection risks in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, U.S.-Mexico Border [abs.]: 

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6 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

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Williams, D., Thompson, C.M., and Jacobs, J.L., 1977, Soil survey of Cameron County, Texas: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 92 p.
Figure 1 

7

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0

0 100 KILOMETERS

100 MILES

Pecos River Rio Grande

Rio Grande

Brazos River

Laredo

Houston

Arroyo Colorado

North Floodway

East Main Drain

McAllen

Reynosa

Matamoros

Brownsville

SOUTH 

PADRE ISLAND UNITED STATES

MEXICO

Falcon Reservoir

Laguna Madre

ZAPATA COUNTY

JIM HOGG COUNTY BROOKS COUNTY

KENEDY COUNTY

STARR COUNTY

HIDALGO COUNTY

WILLACY COUNTY

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Rio Grande

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Gulf of Mexico

Texas

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98o30’ 99o 98o 97o30’

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Figure 1. Study area in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. The red solid line represents the outer limit of the study area as shown in figures 4–10. Important cities are marked with a red star.
8 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas EXPLAN

ATION

Qs

Qb

Qcd

Qds FS

Qaf

Q

Qbi

tf

Ql

Tg

Sample site

deposits (Holocene) 

(Holocene)

Barrier-islanddeposits (Holocene)

Clay and sand dune

(Holocene)

Active and stabilizedsand dunes (Holocene)

Sheet-sand deposits(Holocene)

Beaumont Formation, undivided (Pleistocene) 

Lissie Formation, undivided (Pleistocene )

Goliad Formation, undivided (Pliocene)

Water

City

Raymondville

McAllen

Reynosa

Brownsville

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Harlingen

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Geologic base modified from Page and others, 2005.Scale 1:250,000

0

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20

MILES

KILOMETERS

Laguna Madre

Gulf

of

Mexico

UNITED SMEXICO

TATES

Tg

Ql Qb

Qb

Qb

f a Q f a Q

Qs Qbi

Qtf

Qtf

Qtf

FS

Qds

Qcd

Rio Grande

98o30’ 97o30’ 98o00’

98o00’ 98o30’

26o30’

26o30’

26o00’

26o00’

Figure 2. Geologic map of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas showing the location of soil sample sites.
 Figure 3 9

A

B

C

D

G

B ---- L

H

H --- L

G B ---

H

--- B

G

L

B --- H

L G ---

Figure 3. Univariate statistics for each of the seven major mineral groups (A–G) identified in the soils from the lower Rio Grande valley. 

Each figure has four statistical diagrams that show the distribution patterns of each mineral group by geologic units. These diagrams 

are (from left to right): box plots showing interquartile range, comparison circles from the Tukey-Kramer comparison of means test, a 

normal quantile plot showing the actual data on a log-transformed scale, and histograms showing the distribution of the sampled soil 

population. The geologic units have been abbreviated in these figures. The units are G for Goliad Formation, L for Lissie Formation, B for 

Beaumont Formation, and H for Holocene alluvium. They are listed from oldest to youngest. Statistical methods are described in Helsel 

and Hirsch (2002).
10 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

E

F

G

H --- B

L

G

B

L H ---

G

H ---

B

G

L

Figure 3. Univariate statistics for each of the seven major mineral groups (A–G) identified in the soils from the lower Rio Grande valley. 

Each figure has four statistical diagrams that show the distribution patterns of each mineral group by geologic units. These diagrams 

are (from left to right): box plots showing interquartile range, comparison circles from the Tukey-Kramer comparison of means test, a 

normal quantile plot showing the actual data on a log-transformed scale, and histograms showing the distribution of the sampled soil 

population. The geologic units have been abbreviated in these figures. The units are G for Goliad Formation, L for Lissie Formation, B for 

Beaumont Formation, and H for Holocene alluvium. They are listed from oldest to youngest. Statistical methods are described in Helsel 

and Hirsch (2002).—Continued
Figure 4 11

EXPLANATION

Quartz content,

in percent and 

ranked by percentile

Raymondville

McAllen

Reynosa

Brownsville

Matamoros

Harlingen

Qs

Qb

Qcd

Qds FS

Qaf

Q

Qbi

tf

Ql

Tg

Sample site

deposits (Holocene) 

(Holocene)

Barrier-islanddeposits (Holocene)

Clay and sand dune

(Holocene)

Active and stabilizedsand dunes (Holocene)

Sheet-sand deposits(Holocene)

Beaumont Formation, undivided (Pleistocene) 

Lissie Formation, 

undivided (Pleistocene )

Goliad Formation, undivided (Pliocene)

Water

City

Albers Equal Area ProjectionNorth American 1983 Datum 

Geologic base modified from Page and others, 2005.Scale 1:250,000

0

0

5

5

10

10

20

20

MILES

KILOMETERS

Laguna Madre

Gulf

of

Mexico

UNITED SMEXICO

TATES

Tg

Ql Qb

Qb

Qb

f a Q f a Q

Qs Qbi

Qtf

Qtf

Qtf

FS

Qds

Qcd

Rio Grande

98o30’ 97o30’ 98o00’

98o00’ 98o30’

26o30’

26o30’

26o00’

26o00’

Figure 4. Quartz content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas, using an inverse distance-weighted model grid.
12 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas EXPLAN

ATION

Carbonate mineral content,

in percent and 

ranked by percentile

Raymondville

McAllen

Reynosa

Brownsville

Matamoros

Harlingen

Qs

Qb

Qcd

Qds FS

Qaf

Q

Qbi

tf

Ql

Tg

Sample site

deposits (Holocene) 

(Holocene)

Barrier-islanddeposits (Holocene)

Clay and sand dune

(Holocene)

Active and stabilizedsand dunes (Holocene)

Sheet-sand deposits(Holocene)

Beaumont Formation, undivided (Pleistocene) 

Lissie Formation, 

undivided (Pleistocene )

Goliad Formation, undivided (Pliocene)

Water

City

Albers Equal Area ProjectionNorth American 1983 Datum 

Geologic base modified from Page and others, 2005.Scale 1:250,000

0

0

5

5

10

10

20

20

MILES

KILOMETERS

Laguna Madre

Gulf

of

Mexico

UNITED SMEXICO

TATES

Tg

Ql Qb

Qb

Qb

f a Q f a Q

Qs Qbi

Qtf

Qtf

Qtf

FS

Qds

Qcd

Rio Grande

98o30’ 97o30’ 98o00’

98o00’ 98o30’

26o30’

26o30’

26o00’

26o00’

Figure 5. Carbonate mineral content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid.
Figure 6 13

EXPLANATION

Potassium feldspar content,

in percent and 

ranked by percentile

Raymondville

McAllen

Reynosa

Brownsville

Matamoros

Harlingen

Qs

Qb

Qcd

Qds FS

Qaf

Q

Qbi

tf

Ql

Tg

Sample site

deposits (Holocene) 

(Holocene)

Barrier-islanddeposits (Holocene)

Clay and sand dune

(Holocene)

Active and stabilizedsand dunes (Holocene)

Sheet-sand deposits(Holocene)

Beaumont Formation, undivided (Pleistocene) 

Lissie Formation, 

undivided (Pleistocene )

Goliad Formation, undivided (Pliocene)

Water

City

Albers Equal Area ProjectionNorth American 1983 Datum 

Geologic base modified from Page and others, 2005.Scale 1:250,000

0

0

5

5

10

10

20

20

MILES

KILOMETERS

Laguna Madre

Gulf

of

Mexico

UNITED SMEXICO

TATES

Tg

Ql Qb

Qb

Qb

f a Q f a Q

Qs Qbi

Qtf

Qtf

Qtf

FS

Qds

Qcd

Rio Grande

98o30’ 97o30’ 98o00’

98o00’ 98o30’

26o30’

26o30’

26o00’

26o00’

Figure 6. Potassium feldspar content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid.
14 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas EXPLAN

ATION

Plagioclase content,

in percent and 

ranked by percentile

Raymondville

McAllen

Reynosa

Brownsville

Matamoros

Harlingen

Qs

Qb

Qcd

Qds FS

Qaf

Q

Qbi

tf

Ql

Tg

Sample site

deposits (Holocene) 

(Holocene)

Barrier-islanddeposits (Holocene)

Clay and sand dune

(Holocene)

Active and stabilizedsand dunes (Holocene)

Sheet-sand deposits(Holocene)

Beaumont Formation, undivided (Pleistocene) 

Lissie Formation, 

undivided (Pleistocene )

Goliad Formation, undivided (Pliocene)

Water

City

Albers Equal Area ProjectionNorth American 1983 Datum 

Geologic base modified from Page and others, 2005.Scale 1:250,000

0

0

5

5

10

10

20

20

MILES

KILOMETERS

Laguna Madre

Gulf

of

Mexico

UNITED SMEXICO

TATES

Tg

Ql Qb

Qb

Qb

f a Q f a Q

Qs Qbi

Qtf

Qtf

Qtf

FS

Qds

Qcd

Rio Grande

98o30’ 97o30’ 98o00’

98o00’ 98o30’

26o30’

26o30’

26o00’

26o00’

Figure 7. Plagioclase content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid.
Figure 8 15

EXPLANATION

Muscovite content,

in percent and 

ranked by percentile

Raymondville

McAllen

Reynosa

Brownsville

Matamoros

Harlingen

Qs

Qb

Qcd

Qds FS

Qaf

Q

Qbi

tf

Ql

Tg

Sample site

deposits (Holocene) 

(Holocene)

Barrier-islanddeposits (Holocene)

Clay and sand dune

(Holocene)

Active and stabilizedsand dunes (Holocene)

Sheet-sand deposits(Holocene)

Beaumont Formation, undivided (Pleistocene) 

Lissie Formation, 

undivided (Pleistocene )

Goliad Formation, undivided (Pliocene)

Water

City

Albers Equal Area ProjectionNorth American 1983 Datum 

Geologic base modified from Page and others, 2005.Scale 1:250,000

0

0

5

5

10

10

20

20

MILES

KILOMETERS

Laguna Madre

Gulf

of

Mexico

UNITED SMEXICO

TATES

Tg

Ql Qb

Qb

Qb

f a Q f a Q

Qs Qbi

Qtf

Qtf

Qtf

FS

Qds

Qcd

Rio Grande

98o30’ 97o30’ 98o00’

98o00’ 98o30’

26o30’

26o30’

26o00’

26o00’

Figure 8. Muscovite content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid.
16 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas EXPLAN

ATION

Kaolinite content,

in percent and 

ranked by percentile

Raymondville

McAllen

Reynosa

Brownsville

Matamoros

Harlingen

Qs

Qb

Qcd

Qds FS

Qaf

Q

Qbi

tf

Ql

Tg

Sample site

deposits (Holocene) 

(Holocene)

Barrier-islanddeposits (Holocene)

Clay and sand dune

(Holocene)

Active and stabilizedsand dunes (Holocene)

Sheet-sand deposits(Holocene)

Beaumont Formation, undivided (Pleistocene) 

Lissie Formation, 

undivided (Pleistocene )

Goliad Formation, undivided (Pliocene)

Water

City

Albers Equal Area ProjectionNorth American 1983 Datum 

Geologic base modified from Page and others, 2005.Scale 1:250,000

0

0

5

5

10

10

20

20

MILES

KILOMETERS

Laguna Madre

Gulf

of

Mexico

UNITED SMEXICO

TATES

Tg

Ql Qb

Qb

Qb

f a Q f a Q

Qs Qbi

Qtf

Qtf

Qtf

FS

Qds

Qcd

Rio Grande

98o30’ 97o30’ 98o00’

98o00’ 98o30’

26o30’

26o30’

26o00’

26o00’

Figure 9. Kaolinite content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid.
Figure 10 17

EXPLANATION

Smectite mineral content,

in percent and 

ranked by percentile

Raymondville

McAllen

Reynosa

Brownsville

Matamoros

Harlingen

Qs

Qb

Qcd

Qds FS

Qaf

Q

Qbi

tf

Ql

Tg

Sample site

deposits (Holocene) 

(Holocene)

Barrier-islanddeposits (Holocene)

Clay and sand dune

(Holocene)

Active and stabilizedsand dunes (Holocene)

Sheet-sand deposits(Holocene)

Beaumont Formation, undivided (Pleistocene) 

Lissie Formation, 

undivided (Pleistocene )

Goliad Formation, undivided (Pliocene)

Water

City

Albers Equal Area ProjectionNorth American 1983 Datum 

Geologic base modified from Page and others, 2005.Scale 1:250,000

0

0

5

5

10

10

20

20

MILES

KILOMETERS

Laguna Madre

Gulf

of

Mexico

UNITED SMEXICO

TATES

Tg

Ql Qb

Qb

Qb

f a Q f a Q

Qs Qbi

Qtf

Qtf

Qtf

FS

Qds

Qcd

Rio Grande

98o30’ 97o30’ 98o00’

98o00’ 98o30’

26o30’

26o30’

26o00’

26o00’

Figure 10. Smectite content in soils of the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas, by percentile, using an inverse distance-weighted grid.
18 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Al ICPMS-AES_Ca ICPMS-AES_Fe ICPMS-AES_K ICPMS-AES_Mg ICPMS-AES_Na ICPMS-AES_S percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST001 C-247982 26.4547 -98.1632

G 3.02 0.78 0.91 1.40 0.23 0.49 0.01

ST002 C-247984 26.4645 -98.2207

G 2.36 0.29 0.55 1.31 0.10 0.53 <0.01

ST003 C-247985 26.4699 -98.2609

G 2.20 0.95 0.55 1.21 0.14 0.42 <0.01

ST004 C-247986 26.0846 -97.8620

H 5.23 8.74 2.03 1.84 0.76 0.93 0.06

ST005 C-247987 26.0737 -97.8355

H 6.37 8.56 2.66 2.08 1.08 0.73 0.05

ST006 C-247988 26.0728 -97.8046

H 5.13 8.46 1.97 1.80 0.76 1.24 0.09

ST007 C-247989 26.0562 -97.7719

H 5.80 7.63 2.32 1.98 0.86 0.92 0.05

ST008 C-247990 26.0519 -97.7398

H 5.66 8.04 2.35 1.92 0.91 0.76 0.06

ST009 C-247991 26.0431 -97.7066

H 5.96 8.46 2.36 2.03 0.85 0.89 0.04

ST010 C-247992 26.0447 -97.6712

H 5.47 7.79 2.03 2.07 0.73 1.04 0.04

ST011 C-247993 26.0265 -97.6402

H 5.93 9.14 2.34 2.07 0.87 0.89 0.05

ST012 C-247994 26.0189 -97.6075

H 6.55 7.00 2.66 2.10 0.99 0.72 0.04

ST013 C-247995 25.9932 -97.6020

H 4.85 7.24 1.79 1.90 0.57 1.03 0.05

ST014 C-247996 25.9621 -97.5776

H 5.92 9.38 2.44 1.84 0.90 0.85 0.04

ST015 C-247997 25.9439 -97.5463

H 6.21 9.98 2.54 1.88 0.97 0.85 0.04

ST016 C-247998 25.9258 -97.5200

H 5.65 8.97 2.27 1.94 0.86 0.82 0.05

ST017 C-247999 25.9285 -97.4891

H 5.80 5.05 2.22 2.05 0.89 0.88 0.04

ST018 C-248000 25.9145 -97.4547

H 5.20 6.85 1.93 1.94 0.79 0.85 0.05

ST019 C-248001 25.9176 -97.4185

H 5.29 8.06 2.40 1.85 0.87 0.74 0.09

ST020 C-248002 25.9179 -97.3816

H 3.86 12.11 1.40 1.47 0.69 0.72 0.05

ST021 C-248003 25.9449 -97.3522

H 1.83 1.02 0.60 0.74 0.13 0.61 <0.01

ST022 C-248004 25.9539 -97.3191

H 5.94 7.02 2.24 1.93 1.29 0.91 0.08

ST023 C-248005 25.9604 -97.2835

H 5.20 7.68 1.84 1.74 0.86 1.38 0.06

ST024 C-248006 25.9600 -97.2534

H 4.54 4.59 1.31 1.79 1.17 1.15 0.04

ST025 C-248007 25.9680 -97.2069

H 3.70 8.12 1.18 1.50 0.70 2.25 0.48

ST026 C-248008 25.9894 -97.1829

H 4.98 5.36 1.78 1.85 1.51 2.94 0.56

ST027 C-248010 25.9970 -97.1513

H 2.23 1.77 0.66 0.97 0.15 0.74 0.01

ST028 C-248011 26.4601 -98.1765

G 2.97 13.97 1.06 1.08 0.66 0.33 0.02

ST029 C-248012 26.4602 -98.1741

G 3.24 16.92 1.25 1.04 0.87 0.27 0.02

ST030 C-248013 25.9723 -97.5364

H 5.14 8.38 1.78 1.88 0.69 1.02 0.04
Table 1 19

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Al ICPMS-AES_Ca ICPMS-AES_Fe ICPMS-AES_K ICPMS-AES_Mg ICPMS-AES_Na ICPMS-AES_S percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST031 C-248014 25.9783 -97.5047 H 5.81 8.87 2.21 1.85 0.80 1.04 0.04ST032 C-248015 25.9817 -97.4744 H 5.32 8.89 2.01 1.71 0.80 0.96 0.15ST033 C-248016 25.9831 -97.4461 H 6.03 8.77 2.36 1.87 1.03 0.79 0.04ST034 C-248017 25.9502 -97.4194 H 6.20 6.85 2.41 2.09 1.09 0.89 0.04ST035 C-248018 25.9487 -97.4453 H 5.15 13.71 2.04 1.57 0.90 0.66 0.09ST036 C-248019 25.9508 -97.4783 H 5.58 7.74 1.93 1.93 0.74 1.20 0.05ST037 C-248020 25.9499 -97.5080 H 5.09 7.31 1.89 1.82 0.77 0.89 0.08ST107 C-247780 26.1184 -97.7855 B 5.90 8.71 2.44 1.89 1.01 0.43 0.09ST108 C-247781 26.1438 -97.7816 B 5.10 1.84 1.68 2.11 0.52 0.90 0.02ST109 C-247783 26.1753 -97.7839 B 5.15 4.88 1.79 2.00 0.61 0.84 0.04ST110 C-247784 26.2079 -97.7862 B 5.66 2.33 2.00 2.30 0.62 0.89 0.03ST111 C-247785 26.2375 -97.7869 B 4.00 0.97 1.32 1.85 0.35 1.06 0.02ST112 C-247786 26.2663 -97.7870 B 5.33 4.98 1.93 2.09 0.74 0.90 0.06ST113 C-247787 26.2961 -97.7873 B 4.29 0.69 1.19 2.00 0.30 1.03 0.01ST114 C-247788 26.3011 -97.8261 B 4.35 0.74 1.27 1.92 0.29 0.96 0.02ST115 C-247789 26.2631 -97.8257 B 5.66 3.07 2.08 2.30 0.79 0.83 0.03ST116 C-247790 26.2719 -97.8638 B 3.96 2.23 1.24 1.96 0.38 0.87 0.03ST117 C-247791 26.3026 -97.8644 B 4.56 0.99 1.34 2.01 0.34 1.02 0.02ST118 C-247792 26.3422 -97.9251 B 3.64 1.12 1.09 1.69 0.30 0.67 0.02ST119 C-247793 26.3148 -97.9290 B 4.93 0.60 1.66 1.88 0.47 0.65 0.02ST120 C-247794 26.2812 -97.9285 B 4.23 1.76 1.41 1.94 0.44 0.73 0.03ST121 C-247795 26.2656 -97.9119 B 5.21 5.76 1.97 2.03 0.85 0.71 0.06ST122 C-247796 26.2365 -97.9114 B 5.04 2.11 1.74 2.09 0.55 0.79 0.02ST123 C-247797 26.2066 -97.9111 B 5.06 4.16 1.75 1.98 0.53 0.86 0.03ST124 C-247798 26.1781 -97.9106 B 4.18 2.59 1.19 1.91 0.37 0.91 0.02ST125 C-247799 26.1286 -97.9014 B 5.76 6.86 2.17 2.13 0.75 0.81 0.03ST126 C-247800 26.0986 -97.9012 B 6.07 9.99 2.52 1.97 0.98 0.60 0.05ST127 C-247801 26.1085 -97.8500 B 6.20 9.38 2.59 2.05 1.08 0.60 0.08ST128 C-247802 26.1356 -97.8577 B 5.00 2.79 1.64 2.12 0.52 0.89 0.03ST129 C-247803 26.1778 -97.8472 B 5.90 2.20 2.06 2.32 0.67 0.93 0.03
20 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Al ICPMS-AES_Ca ICPMS-AES_Fe ICPMS-AES_K ICPMS-AES_Mg ICPMS-AES_Na ICPMS-AES_S percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST130 C-247804 26.2155 -97.8466

B 5.71 1.90 1.98 2.36 0.67 0.87 0.04

ST131 C-247805 26.2466 -97.8634

L 4.87 4.79 1.92 1.98 0.66 0.79 0.03

ST132 C-247806 26.3655 -97.9374

B 4.74 3.82 1.71 1.98 0.64 1.01 0.12

ST133 C-247807 26.3937 -97.9325

B 3.51 1.99 1.15 1.55 0.28 0.75 0.03

ST134 C-247808 26.4227 -97.9267

B 3.67 1.22 1.16 1.69 0.34 0.62 0.02

ST135 C-247809 26.4504 -97.9144

B 3.58 1.28 1.12 1.49 0.34 0.63 0.04

ST136 C-247811 26.4795 -97.9088

B 2.62 0.33 0.67 1.32 0.14 0.54 <0.01

ST137 C-247812 26.4851 -97.9489

B 2.51 0.25 0.62 1.32 0.12 0.54 <0.01

ST138 C-247813 26.4564 -97.9539

B 3.76 1.18 1.23 1.52 0.34 0.58 0.06

ST139 C-247814 26.4063 -97.9628

B 2.65 1.61 0.65 1.35 0.57 1.52 0.72

ST140 C-247815 26.3845 -97.9662

B 3.10 0.49 0.86 1.53 0.18 0.67 0.01

ST141 C-247816 26.3559 -97.9724

B 3.43 0.86 0.98 1.57 0.26 0.73 0.04

ST142 C-247817 26.3282 -97.9843

B 3.30 0.39 1.02 1.51 0.24 0.60 0.01

ST143 C-247818 26.3067 -97.9931

B 2.77 7.33 0.80 1.38 0.40 0.92 0.05

ST144 C-247823 26.3202 -98.0355

B 3.21 0.51 0.91 1.59 0.20 0.73 0.01

ST145 C-247824 26.3497 -98.0306

B 3.62 6.97 1.26 1.54 0.67 0.62 0.05

ST146 C-247825 26.3490 -98.0245

B 2.63 8.94 0.87 1.27 0.35 1.18 0.05

ST147 C-247827 26.4070 -98.0197

B 3.11 0.38 0.87 1.49 0.18 0.61 0.01

ST148 C-247828 26.4502 -98.0135

B 2.87 0.25 0.84 1.38 0.18 0.51 <0.01

ST149 C-247829 26.2889 -98.0054

B 2.75 0.36 0.72 1.43 0.14 0.59 <0.01

ST150 C-247830 26.4997 -98.0487

B 2.80 0.29 0.77 1.46 0.15 0.51 <0.01

ST151 C-247831 26.4707 -98.0538

B 2.28 0.20 0.57 1.32 0.10 0.54 <0.01

ST152 C-247832 26.4410 -98.0593

B 2.37 0.40 0.53 1.35 0.10 0.56 <0.01

ST153 C-247833 26.4124 -98.0644

B 2.91 1.48 0.79 1.43 0.21 0.55 <0.01

ST154 C-247834 26.3825 -98.0699

B 4.14 0.66 1.29 1.83 0.33 0.71 0.02

ST155 C-247835 26.3534 -98.0751

B 3.51 0.28 1.08 1.56 0.23 0.62 <0.01

ST156 C-247836 26.3266 -98.0799

B 4.77 3.94 1.67 2.07 0.58 0.68 0.03

ST157 C-247837 26.3617 -98.1178

B 3.32 1.11 0.92 1.56 0.28 0.68 0.01

ST158 C-247838 26.3860 -98.1138

B 2.75 1.75 0.71 1.43 0.20 0.64 <0.01

ST159 C-247839 26.3995 -98.1385

B 2.78 0.28 0.65 1.50 0.15 0.66 <0.01
Table 1 21

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Al ICPMS-AES_Ca ICPMS-AES_Fe ICPMS-AES_K ICPMS-AES_Mg ICPMS-AES_Na ICPMS-AES_S percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST160 C-247840 26.4162 -98.1371 B 3.25 0.42 0.90 1.60 0.17 0.72 <0.01ST161 C-247841 26.4123 -98.1120 B 3.02 6.69 1.04 1.29 0.49 0.46 0.02ST162 C-247842 26.4184 -98.1501 L 2.95 2.35 0.88 1.38 0.28 0.52 0.01ST163 C-247843 26.4665 -98.2377 B 2.62 0.87 0.75 1.36 0.21 0.51 <0.01ST164 C-247844 26.4618 -98.2048 B 2.33 2.98 0.57 1.25 0.20 0.45 0.02ST165 C-247845 26.4560 -98.1734 B 2.25 8.40 0.69 1.08 0.38 0.37 0.02ST166 C-247846 26.4518 -98.1409 B 2.31 0.42 0.52 1.29 0.16 0.50 <0.01ST167 C-247847 26.5165 -98.1443 H 2.01 2.72 0.49 1.12 0.20 0.38 <0.01ST168 C-247848 26.5209 -98.1747 H 2.98 3.29 0.99 1.28 0.37 0.41 0.01ST169 C-247849 26.5004 -98.1991 H 2.18 0.42 0.58 1.21 0.10 0.40 <0.01ST170 C-247850 26.4894 -98.1960 H 2.64 0.52 0.73 1.33 0.14 0.39 <0.01ST171 C-247851 26.4797 -98.1823 H 2.32 3.47 0.66 1.16 0.26 0.35 0.01ST172 C-247852 26.4772 -98.1495 H 2.96 1.62 0.86 1.37 0.36 0.53 0.04ST173 C-247853 26.4489 -98.1191 H 3.56 1.15 1.14 1.58 0.33 0.51 0.02ST174 C-247854 26.4444 -98.0848 H 2.79 9.26 0.86 1.26 0.45 0.46 0.04ST175 C-247855 26.2899 -97.9605 H 3.77 1.73 1.26 1.69 0.44 0.62 0.02ST176 C-247857 26.2599 -97.9604 B 5.22 2.39 1.96 2.14 0.75 0.66 0.03ST177 C-247858 26.2288 -97.9602 B 4.47 2.09 1.58 1.88 0.69 0.86 0.07ST178 C-247859 26.1995 -97.9597 B 4.23 2.44 1.40 1.78 0.45 0.72 0.03ST179 C-247860 26.1704 -97.9592 B 5.45 2.86 2.08 2.19 0.84 0.65 0.03ST180 C-247861 26.1414 -97.9576 B 4.91 1.67 1.64 1.97 0.53 0.85 0.02ST181 C-247743 26.1082 -97.9590 B 5.93 8.41 2.38 2.13 0.94 0.85 0.06ST182 C-247744 26.0775 -97.9584 B 5.58 9.22 2.14 2.03 0.82 0.96 0.04ST183 C-247746 26.0855 -97.9927 B 5.92 9.03 2.32 2.09 0.94 0.85 0.04ST184 C-247747 26.0824 -98.0260 B 6.24 8.79 2.55 2.09 1.03 0.78 0.04ST185 C-247748 26.0519 -98.0636 B 5.03 6.86 1.72 1.98 0.56 1.24 0.03ST186 C-247749 26.0764 -98.0611 G 6.48 10.14 2.72 2.05 1.13 0.65 0.05ST187 C-247750 26.1124 -98.0534 L 6.08 10.66 2.54 2.00 1.05 0.59 0.06ST188 C-247751 26.1409 -98.0472 L 4.84 3.73 1.62 1.92 0.50 0.83 0.02ST189 C-247752 26.1702 -98.0420 H 3.66 10.83 1.44 1.46 0.65 0.59 0.34
22 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Al ICPMS-AES_Ca ICPMS-AES_Fe ICPMS-AES_K ICPMS-AES_Mg ICPMS-AES_Na ICPMS-AES_S percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST190 C-247753 26.1999 -98.0368

H 4.45 2.72 1.49 1.97 0.53 0.81 0.06

ST191 C-247754 26.2290 -98.0375

H 4.87 3.27 1.74 2.15 0.71 0.81 0.08

ST192 C-247755 26.2565 -98.0361

H 4.32 1.26 1.38 1.89 0.44 0.71 0.02

ST193 C-247756 26.2856 -98.0373

H 3.76 3.54 1.10 1.77 0.43 0.88 0.12

ST194 C-247757 26.3041 -98.0799

H 4.74 2.57 1.64 2.09 0.64 0.68 0.04

ST195 C-247758 26.3329 -98.1230

H 4.23 5.02 1.42 1.85 0.58 0.90 0.07

ST196 C-247759 26.3020 -98.1054

H 4.38 2.21 1.50 1.97 0.55 0.73 0.04

ST197 C-247760 26.2844 -98.0649

H 4.94 4.46 1.82 2.04 0.73 0.62 0.03

ST198 C-247761 26.2490 -98.0747

B 4.56 4.42 1.60 1.97 0.69 0.73 0.03

ST199 C-247762 26.2199 -98.0793

B 4.38 1.93 1.45 1.96 0.47 0.79 0.02

ST200 C-247763 26.1895 -98.0855

G 4.87 6.57 1.71 1.94 0.68 0.78 0.04

ST201 C-247764 26.1351 -98.0821

G 6.43 11.93 2.73 1.90 1.14 0.48 0.05

ST202 C-247765 26.1125 -98.0856

G 6.00 11.60 2.50 1.93 1.05 0.60 0.05

ST203 C-247766 26.0810 -98.0908

G 6.21 10.23 2.55 1.98 1.01 0.68 0.05

ST204 C-247767 26.0849 -98.1279

G 5.85 10.83 2.36 1.97 1.03 0.72 0.05

ST205 C-247768 26.1185 -98.1334

G 6.55 11.81 2.79 1.98 1.10 0.57 0.18

ST206 C-247769 26.1578 -98.1270

G 5.30 6.68 2.02 2.08 0.93 0.63 0.04

ST207 C-247770 26.1876 -98.1222

G 3.39 1.56 0.96 1.66 0.24 0.77 0.02

ST208 C-247771 26.2176 -98.1177

G 4.86 2.91 1.80 2.07 0.64 0.73 0.03

ST209 C-247772 26.2533 -98.1102

G 5.26 1.28 1.89 2.22 0.66 0.66 0.02

ST210 C-247773 26.2823 -98.1069

G 5.84 1.86 2.20 2.31 0.90 0.60 0.03

ST211 C-247774 26.2994 -98.1385

L 4.70 1.89 1.65 1.98 0.55 0.64 0.02
Table 1 23

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ti ICPMS-AES_Ag ICPMS-AES_As ICPMS-AES_Ba ICPMS-AES_Be ICPMS-AES_Bi ICPMS-AES_Cd percent ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST001 C-247982 26.4547 -98.1632 G 0.12 <1 3 390 0.8 0.09 <0.1ST002 C-247984 26.4645 -98.2207 G 0.09 <1 2 423 0.6 0.06 <0.1ST003 C-247985 26.4699 -98.2609 G 0.08 <1 3 390 0.6 0.06 <0.1ST004 C-247986 26.0846 -97.8620 H 0.24 <1 8 498 1.7 0.18 0.3ST005 C-247987 26.0737 -97.8355 H 0.26 <1 20 441 2.1 0.23 0.4ST006 C-247988 26.0728 -97.8046 H 0.26 <1 8 526 1.7 0.17 0.2ST007 C-247989 26.0562 -97.7719 H 0.28 <1 17 489 1.8 0.19 0.3ST008 C-247990 26.0519 -97.7398 H 0.24 <1 10 476 1.7 0.22 0.4ST009 C-247991 26.0431 -97.7066 H 0.27 <1 8 478 1.8 0.20 0.3ST010 C-247992 26.0447 -97.6712 H 0.23 <1 12 535 1.6 0.18 0.3ST011 C-247993 26.0265 -97.6402 H 0.26 <1 13 479 1.7 0.20 0.3ST012 C-247994 26.0189 -97.6075 H 0.24 <1 8 453 2.1 0.24 0.3ST013 C-247995 25.9932 -97.6020 H 0.22 <1 5 519 1.7 0.16 0.3ST014 C-247996 25.9621 -97.5776 H 0.25 <1 10 519 1.8 0.22 0.3ST015 C-247997 25.9439 -97.5463 H 0.28 <1 11 505 1.9 0.23 0.4ST016 C-247998 25.9258 -97.5200 H 0.23 <1 8 484 1.5 0.21 0.3ST017 C-247999 25.9285 -97.4891 H 0.24 <1 6 495 1.8 0.20 0.3ST018 C-248000 25.9145 -97.4547 H 0.21 <1 5 482 1.4 0.17 0.3ST019 C-248001 25.9176 -97.4185 H 0.23 <1 13 471 1.6 0.22 0.5ST020 C-248002 25.9179 -97.3816 H 0.17 <1 4 498 1.1 0.12 0.2ST021 C-248003 25.9449 -97.3522 H 0.18 <1 3 300 0.6 0.04 <0.1ST022 C-248004 25.9539 -97.3191 H 0.25 <1 6 468 1.6 0.20 0.2ST023 C-248005 25.9604 -97.2835 H 0.23 <1 7 565 1.3 0.18 0.3ST024 C-248006 25.9600 -97.2534 H 0.19 <1 4 544 1.2 0.13 0.1ST025 C-248007 25.9680 -97.2069 H 0.17 <1 4 534 1.2 0.10 0.2ST026 C-248008 25.9894 -97.1829 H 0.21 <1 6 637 1.3 0.15 0.2ST027 C-248010 25.9970 -97.1513 H 0.17 <1 3 387 0.5 0.04 <0.1ST028 C-248011 26.4601 -98.1765 G 0.12 <1 3 367 0.8 0.09 0.2ST029 C-248012 26.4602 -98.1741 G 0.13 <1 2 363 0.7 0.10 0.3ST030 C-248013 25.9723 -97.5364 H 0.23 <1 6 521 1.4 0.15 0.2
24 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ti ICPMS-AES_Ag ICPMS-AES_As ICPMS-AES_Ba ICPMS-AES_Be ICPMS-AES_Bi ICPMS-AES_Cd percent ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST031 C-248014 25.9783 -97.5047

H 0.28 <1 7 578 1.7 0.19 0.2

ST032 C-248015 25.9817 -97.4744

H 0.24 <1 8 510 1.7 0.18 0.3

ST033 C-248016 25.9831 -97.4461

H 0.26 <1 8 538 1.9 0.21 0.3

ST034 C-248017 25.9502 -97.4194

H 0.27 <1 6 497 1.9 0.21 0.3

ST035 C-248018 25.9487 -97.4453

H 0.22 <1 6 495 1.6 0.17 0.3

ST036 C-248019 25.9508 -97.4783

H 0.26 <1 7 607 1.7 0.16 0.2

ST037 C-248020 25.9499 -97.5080

H 0.23 <1 5 484 1.5 0.18 0.3

ST107 C-247780 26.1184 -97.7855

B 0.23 <1 15 340 1.7 0.23 0.4

ST108 C-247781 26.1438 -97.7816

B 0.19 <1 4 476 1.4 0.18 0.2

ST109 C-247783 26.1753 -97.7839

B 0.20 <1 6 463 1.5 0.16 0.3

ST110 C-247784 26.2079 -97.7862

B 0.23 <1 5 453 1.5 0.17 0.2

ST111 C-247785 26.2375 -97.7869

B 0.17 <1 4 490 1.3 0.14 0.1

ST112 C-247786 26.2663 -97.7870

B 0.22 <1 11 432 1.4 0.18 0.3

ST113 C-247787 26.2961 -97.7873

B 0.16 <1 6 484 1.3 0.11 0.1

ST114 C-247788 26.3011 -97.8261

B 0.16 <1 5 479 1.2 0.13 0.1

ST115 C-247789 26.2631 -97.8257

B 0.24 <1 6 436 1.8 0.19 0.4

ST116 C-247790 26.2719 -97.8638

B 0.16 <1 5 500 1.1 0.11 0.1

ST117 C-247791 26.3026 -97.8644

B 0.17 <1 4 492 1.3 0.11 0.2

ST118 C-247792 26.3422 -97.9251

B 0.15 <1 4 407 1.0 0.10 0.1

ST119 C-247793 26.3148 -97.9290

B 0.19 <1 5 406 1.3 0.15 0.3

ST120 C-247794 26.2812 -97.9285

B 0.18 <1 7 456 1.1 0.13 0.2

ST121 C-247795 26.2656 -97.9119

B 0.23 <1 6 1080 1.4 0.18 0.3

ST122 C-247796 26.2365 -97.9114

B 0.21 <1 10 449 1.5 0.15 0.2

ST123 C-247797 26.2066 -97.9111

B 0.20 <1 5 486 1.4 0.15 0.2

ST124 C-247798 26.1781 -97.9106

B 0.13 <1 5 470 1.1 0.13 0.2

ST125 C-247799 26.1286 -97.9014

B 0.23 <1 11 438 1.5 0.18 0.3

ST126 C-247800 26.0986 -97.9012

B 0.25 <1 13 401 1.9 0.25 0.4

ST127 C-247801 26.1085 -97.8500

B 0.25 <1 14 433 1.9 0.25 0.5

ST128 C-247802 26.1356 -97.8577

B 0.18 <1 7 458 1.3 0.15 0.2

ST129 C-247803 26.1778 -97.8472

B 0.22 <1 9 464 1.8 0.21 0.5
 Table 1 25

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ti ICPMS-AES_Ag ICPMS-AES_As ICPMS-AES_Ba ICPMS-AES_Be ICPMS-AES_Bi ICPMS-AES_Cd percent ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST130 C-247804 26.2155 -97.8466 B 0.21 <1 11 456 1.6 0.18 0.3ST131 C-247805 26.2466 -97.8634 L 0.21 <1 8 429 1.5 0.17 0.3ST132 C-247806 26.3655 -97.9374 B 0.20 <1 5 397 1.2 0.15 0.2ST133 C-247807 26.3937 -97.9325 B 0.20 <1 4 480 0.9 0.09 <0.1ST134 C-247808 26.4227 -97.9267 B 0.14 <1 5 400 0.8 0.11 0.1ST135 C-247809 26.4504 -97.9144 B 0.13 <1 4 396 1.0 0.11 0.1ST136 C-247811 26.4795 -97.9088 B 0.10 <1 4 377 0.7 0.08 <0.1ST137 C-247812 26.4851 -97.9489 B 0.10 <1 3 376 0.6 0.06 <0.1ST138 C-247813 26.4564 -97.9539 B 0.14 1 4 387 1.0 0.14 0.2ST139 C-247814 26.4063 -97.9628 B 0.09 <1 3 389 0.6 0.07 <0.1ST140 C-247815 26.3845 -97.9662 B 0.12 <1 3 414 0.8 0.08 <0.1ST141 C-247816 26.3559 -97.9724 B 0.13 <1 3 412 1.0 0.09 0.3ST142 C-247817 26.3282 -97.9843 B 0.14 <1 4 379 0.9 0.10 0.1ST143 C-247818 26.3067 -97.9931 B 0.10 <1 4 393 0.7 0.08 0.2ST144 C-247823 26.3202 -98.0355 B 0.14 <1 3 434 0.8 0.09 <0.1ST145 C-247824 26.3497 -98.0306 B 0.14 <1 4 398 0.9 0.11 0.2ST146 C-247825 26.3490 -98.0245 B 0.12 <1 3 425 0.7 0.11 0.2ST147 C-247827 26.4070 -98.0197 B 0.12 <1 3 401 0.7 0.09 <0.1ST148 C-247828 26.4502 -98.0135 B 0.11 <1 3 369 0.6 0.09 0.1ST149 C-247829 26.2889 -98.0054 B 0.11 <1 3 388 0.7 0.07 <0.1ST150 C-247830 26.4997 -98.0487 B 0.10 <1 3 432 0.8 0.08 <0.1ST151 C-247831 26.4707 -98.0538 B 0.08 <1 3 387 0.5 0.13 <0.1ST152 C-247832 26.4410 -98.0593 B 0.08 <1 3 371 0.6 0.05 <0.1ST153 C-247833 26.4124 -98.0644 B 0.10 <1 3 394 0.7 0.08 <0.1ST154 C-247834 26.3825 -98.0699 B 0.15 <1 4 481 1.0 0.12 0.7ST155 C-247835 26.3534 -98.0751 B 0.14 <1 3 392 0.9 0.10 <0.1ST156 C-247836 26.3266 -98.0799 B 0.19 <1 5 438 1.1 0.15 0.3ST157 C-247837 26.3617 -98.1178 B 0.11 <1 6 403 0.9 0.09 0.1ST158 C-247838 26.3860 -98.1138 B 0.10 <1 2 429 0.6 0.07 <0.1ST159 C-247839 26.3995 -98.1385 B 0.09 <1 3 396 0.7 0.07 <0.1
26 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ti ICPMS-AES_Ag ICPMS-AES_As ICPMS-AES_Ba ICPMS-AES_Be ICPMS-AES_Bi ICPMS-AES_Cd percent ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST160 C-247840 26.4162 -98.1371

B 0.13 <1 3 443 0.8 0.08 <0.1

ST161 C-247841 26.4123 -98.1120

B 0.12 <1 3 618 1.2 0.09 0.2

ST162 C-247842 26.4184 -98.1501

L 0.11 <1 6 390 1.1 0.10 0.1

ST163 C-247843 26.4665 -98.2377

B 0.12 <1 2 394 0.8 0.08 <0.1

ST164 C-247844 26.4618 -98.2048

B 0.07 <1 2 418 0.6 0.06 <0.1

ST165 C-247845 26.4560 -98.1734

B 0.08 <1 2 449 0.8 0.07 0.2

ST166 C-247846 26.4518 -98.1409

B 0.07 <1 3 398 0.7 0.06 <0.1

ST167 C-247847 26.5165 -98.1443

H 0.07 <1 2 403 0.5 0.05 <0.1

ST168 C-247848 26.5209 -98.1747

H 0.13 <1 3 414 0.8 0.09 <0.1

ST169 C-247849 26.5004 -98.1991

H 0.10 <1 2 380 0.5 0.06 <0.1

ST170 C-247850 26.4894 -98.1960

H 0.09 <1 2 374 0.7 0.07 <0.1

ST171 C-247851 26.4797 -98.1823

H 0.07 <1 2 392 0.5 0.06 <0.1

ST172 C-247852 26.4772 -98.1495

H 0.10 <1 3 412 0.7 0.08 0.1

ST173 C-247853 26.4489 -98.1191

H 0.12 <1 3 408 0.9 0.10 <0.1

ST174 C-247854 26.4444 -98.0848

H 0.10 <1 2 379 0.5 0.08 0.1

ST175 C-247855 26.2899 -97.9605

H 0.16 <1 5 412 0.8 0.13 0.2

ST176 C-247857 26.2599 -97.9604

B 0.19 <1 7 422 1.4 0.16 0.3

ST177 C-247858 26.2288 -97.9602

B 0.17 <1 4 451 1.3 0.14 0.2

ST178 C-247859 26.1995 -97.9597

B 0.16 <1 4 431 1.4 0.12 0.2

ST179 C-247860 26.1704 -97.9592

B 0.21 <1 7 418 1.7 0.19 0.4

ST180 C-247861 26.1414 -97.9576

B 0.18 <1 5 484 1.4 0.14 0.2

ST181 C-247743 26.1082 -97.9590

B 0.27 <1 10 452 2.1 0.22 0.4

ST182 C-247744 26.0775 -97.9584

B 0.25 <1 8 508 2.0 0.20 0.3

ST183 C-247746 26.0855 -97.9927

B 0.26 <1 10 443 1.8 0.23 0.4

ST184 C-247747 26.0824 -98.0260

B 0.27 <1 10 434 2.4 0.26 0.4

ST185 C-247748 26.0519 -98.0636

B 0.25 <1 12 588 1.5 0.14 0.2

ST186 C-247749 26.0764 -98.0611

G 0.28 <1 12 421 2.2 0.25 0.4

ST187 C-247750 26.1124 -98.0534

L 0.26 <1 13 397 2.3 0.23 0.4

ST188 C-247751 26.1409 -98.0472

L 0.18 <1 6 453 1.4 0.15 0.2

ST189 C-247752 26.1702 -98.0420

H 0.16 <1 6 508 1.1 0.12 0.4
 Table 1 27

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ti ICPMS-AES_Ag ICPMS-AES_As ICPMS-AES_Ba ICPMS-AES_Be ICPMS-AES_Bi ICPMS-AES_Cd percent ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST190 C-247753 26.1999 -98.0368 H 0.19 <1 5 471 1.1 0.14 0.2ST191 C-247754 26.2290 -98.0375 H 0.22 <1 6 476 1.3 0.16 0.3ST192 C-247755 26.2565 -98.0361 H 0.17 <1 4 433 1.2 0.13 0.2ST193 C-247756 26.2856 -98.0373 H 0.14 <1 4 421 1.0 0.12 0.2ST194 C-247757 26.3041 -98.0799 H 0.19 <1 7 427 1.4 0.16 0.3ST195 C-247758 26.3329 -98.1230 H 0.19 <1 5 448 1.1 0.13 0.2ST196 C-247759 26.3020 -98.1054 H 0.19 <1 9 421 1.2 0.25 0.3ST197 C-247760 26.2844 -98.0649 H 0.20 <1 7 474 1.4 0.19 0.3ST198 C-247761 26.2490 -98.0747 B 0.19 <1 5 436 1.2 0.17 0.3ST199 C-247762 26.2199 -98.0793 B 0.20 <1 5 457 1.2 0.14 0.2ST200 C-247763 26.1895 -98.0855 G 0.21 <1 4 440 1.4 0.15 0.3ST201 C-247764 26.1351 -98.0821 G 0.27 <1 13 353 1.8 0.25 0.5ST202 C-247765 26.1125 -98.0856 G 0.26 <1 9 426 1.7 0.27 0.4ST203 C-247766 26.0810 -98.0908 G 0.27 <1 20 440 1.9 0.24 0.4ST204 C-247767 26.0849 -98.1279 G 0.26 <1 14 452 1.5 0.25 0.4ST205 C-247768 26.1185 -98.1334 G 0.26 <1 12 372 1.8 0.26 0.5ST206 C-247769 26.1578 -98.1270 G 0.24 <1 17 439 1.4 0.19 0.4ST207 C-247770 26.1876 -98.1222 G 0.13 <1 4 440 0.9 0.13 0.2ST208 C-247771 26.2176 -98.1177 G 0.22 <1 12 456 1.2 0.31 0.4ST209 C-247772 26.2533 -98.1102 G 0.23 <1 10 412 1.4 0.19 0.3ST210 C-247773 26.2823 -98.1069 G 0.26 <1 8 422 1.7 0.20 0.3ST211 C-247774 26.2994 -98.1385 L 0.22 <1 9 459 1.1 0.18 0.2
28 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ce ICPMS-AES_Co ICPMS-AES_Cr ICPMS-AES_Cs ICPMS-AES_Cu ICPMS-AES_Ga ICPMS-AES_In ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST001 C-247982 26.4547 -98.1632

G 29.0 2.4 12 2.47 6.1 6.6 <0.02

ST002 C-247984 26.4645 -98.2207

G 22.4 1.5 6 1.48 4.7 4.9 <0.02

ST003 C-247985 26.4699 -98.2609

G 21.1 1.6 6 1.59 3.1 4.8 <0.02

ST004 C-247986 26.0846 -97.8620

H 54.9 6.6 22 6.83 13.3 12.5 0.04

ST005 C-247987 26.0737 -97.8355

H 64.5 8.1 29 9.56 20.4 15.4 0.05

ST006 C-247988 26.0728 -97.8046

H 54.9 6.1 22 6.00 12.1 11.9 0.04

ST007 C-247989 26.0562 -97.7719

H 55.4 7.0 26 7.37 14.9 13.5 0.04

ST008 C-247990 26.0519 -97.7398

H 55.4 7.3 25 7.91 18.4 13.4 0.04

ST009 C-247991 26.0431 -97.7066

H 55.0 7.0 25 7.71 15.8 13.3 0.04

ST010 C-247992 26.0447 -97.6712

H 49.0 6.3 23 6.65 15.6 12.3 0.04

ST011 C-247993 26.0265 -97.6402

H 54.5 7.2 25 7.79 15.6 13.3 0.04

ST012 C-247994 26.0189 -97.6075

H 58.7 8.0 28 9.62 20.1 15.5 0.05

ST013 C-247995 25.9932 -97.6020

H 44.9 5.4 19 5.40 13.8 11.1 0.03

ST014 C-247996 25.9621 -97.5776

H 58.4 7.8 27 8.43 17.1 13.8 0.05

ST015 C-247997 25.9439 -97.5463

H 59.4 8.2 28 8.87 126.6 14.2 0.05

ST016 C-247998 25.9258 -97.5200

H 54.3 7.4 26 7.66 18.5 13.1 0.05

ST017 C-247999 25.9285 -97.4891

H 59.1 7.7 26 7.65 20.6 13.7 0.04

ST018 C-248000 25.9145 -97.4547

H 49.3 6.4 22 6.31 14.5 12.1 0.04

ST019 C-248001 25.9176 -97.4185

H 50.4 7.2 32 7.46 34.9 12.1 0.05

ST020 C-248002 25.9179 -97.3816

H 37.5 4.4 15 3.99 10.6 8.4 0.03

ST021 C-248003 25.9449 -97.3522

H 24.3 1.5 7 0.68 0.7 3.8 <0.02

ST022 C-248004 25.9539 -97.3191

H 54.2 7.3 25 7.70 14.7 13.5 0.05

ST023 C-248005 25.9604 -97.2835

H 47.9 6.4 21 5.96 10.9 11.3 0.04

ST024 C-248006 25.9600 -97.2534

H 40.4 4.1 15 3.99 9.0 9.8 0.03

ST025 C-248007 25.9680 -97.2069

H 36.3 3.7 11 3.47 5.8 8.0 0.02

ST026 C-248008 25.9894 -97.1829

H 42.3 5.5 19 5.71 9.4 10.6 0.03

ST027 C-248010 25.9970 -97.1513

H 28.1 2.0 6 1.01 1.2 4.5 <0.02

ST028 C-248011 26.4601 -98.1765

G 30.0 4.2 12 2.95 6.7 6.3 <0.02

ST029 C-248012 26.4602 -98.1741

G 28.4 4.9 16 3.39 7.7 7.0 0.02

ST030 C-248013 25.9723 -97.5364

H 48.4 5.9 21 5.36 11.3 11.0 0.03
 Table 1 29

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ce ICPMS-AES_Co ICPMS-AES_Cr ICPMS-AES_Cs ICPMS-AES_Cu ICPMS-AES_Ga ICPMS-AES_In

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST031 C-248014 25.9783 -97.5047 H 58.1 7.1 25 6.59 12.3 12.3 0.04ST032 C-248015 25.9817 -97.4744 H 51.8 7.0 25 6.64 12.3 12.1 0.04ST033 C-248016 25.9831 -97.4461 H 58.1 8.2 28 8.01 15.8 13.5 0.05ST034 C-248017 25.9502 -97.4194 H 59.3 8.3 28 7.70 19.7 13.6 0.05ST035 C-248018 25.9487 -97.4453 H 47.5 6.5 22 6.67 15.0 11.1 0.04ST036 C-248019 25.9508 -97.4783 H 51.0 6.1 20 5.63 10.9 11.5 0.04ST037 C-248020 25.9499 -97.5080 H 48.2 6.3 21 5.81 15.4 10.9 0.04ST107 C-247780 26.1184 -97.7855 B 50.2 7.8 40 7.98 29.5 12.4 0.06ST108 C-247781 26.1438 -97.7816 B 42.4 5.9 19 4.48 15.4 10.4 0.04ST109 C-247783 26.1753 -97.7839 B 41.9 6.2 20 5.11 14.5 10.8 0.04ST110 C-247784 26.2079 -97.7862 B 48.4 6.4 23 5.50 18.7 11.4 0.04ST111 C-247785 26.2375 -97.7869 B 34.4 4.2 13 3.19 25.5 9.0 0.03ST112 C-247786 26.2663 -97.7870 B 48.4 6.5 21 5.29 17.1 11.1 0.04ST113 C-247787 26.2961 -97.7873 B 35.6 3.8 12 3.16 9.4 8.6 0.03ST114 C-247788 26.3011 -97.8261 B 40.0 4.0 14 3.30 20.7 8.4 0.03ST115 C-247789 26.2631 -97.8257 B 49.1 7.5 24 5.69 21.7 11.9 0.05ST116 C-247790 26.2719 -97.8638 B 31.4 3.9 14 3.29 13.9 8.0 0.02ST117 C-247791 26.3026 -97.8644 B 35.9 4.2 14 3.36 10.2 9.0 0.03ST118 C-247792 26.3422 -97.9251 B 29.3 3.4 13 2.69 9.6 7.1 0.02ST119 C-247793 26.3148 -97.9290 B 41.9 5.6 20 4.22 18.3 9.7 0.03ST120 C-247794 26.2812 -97.9285 B 35.7 4.5 17 3.48 12.9 8.5 0.03ST121 C-247795 26.2656 -97.9119 B 45.9 6.5 24 5.23 17.7 10.5 0.04ST122 C-247796 26.2365 -97.9114 B 40.2 5.4 21 4.52 15.5 10.0 0.04ST123 C-247797 26.2066 -97.9111 B 42.3 5.3 16 4.94 13.3 10.2 0.04ST124 C-247798 26.1781 -97.9106 B 31.6 3.9 12 3.32 10.8 8.5 0.03ST125 C-247799 26.1286 -97.9014 B 45.4 7.2 23 6.23 16.0 11.8 0.05ST126 C-247800 26.0986 -97.9012 B 52.7 8.9 27 8.24 23.7 12.7 0.06ST127 C-247801 26.1085 -97.8500 B 52.9 9.2 30 8.27 22.6 13.7 0.06ST128 C-247802 26.1356 -97.8577 B 40.2 5.2 18 4.54 13.6 10.2 0.04ST129 C-247803 26.1778 -97.8472 B 43.7 6.5 23 5.88 20.9 11.9 0.04
30 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ce ICPMS-AES_Co ICPMS-AES_Cr ICPMS-AES_Cs ICPMS-AES_Cu ICPMS-AES_Ga ICPMS-AES_In ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST130 C-247804 26.2155 -97.8466

B 45.9 6.1 22 5.69 17.6 11.5 0.04

ST131 C-247805 26.2466 -97.8634

L 43.0 6.5 21 5.46 15.4 11.3 0.04

ST132 C-247806 26.3655 -97.9374

B 38.0 5.5 19 3.93 15.2 8.9 0.03

ST133 C-247807 26.3937 -97.9325

B 28.0 2.9 11 2.17 10.1 6.4 0.02

ST134 C-247808 26.4227 -97.9267

B 30.7 3.7 13 2.92 10.9 7.3 0.03

ST135 C-247809 26.4504 -97.9144

B 30.3 3.6 13 2.89 12.0 7.1 0.02

ST136 C-247811 26.4795 -97.9088

B 22.2 2.0 8 1.73 6.9 4.9 <0.02

ST137 C-247812 26.4851 -97.9489

B 19.9 1.7 7 1.53 4.8 4.6 <0.02

ST138 C-247813 26.4564 -97.9539

B 32.5 4.1 14 3.22 12.2 7.8 0.03

ST139 C-247814 26.4063 -97.9628

B 21.6 1.9 7 1.69 6.6 5.0 <0.02

ST140 C-247815 26.3845 -97.9662

B 25.5 2.4 10 1.99 7.8 5.7 <0.02

ST141 C-247816 26.3559 -97.9724

B 28.7 3.1 12 2.50 7.7 6.9 0.02

ST142 C-247817 26.3282 -97.9843

B 26.4 3.0 11 2.37 8.8 6.5 0.02

ST143 C-247818 26.3067 -97.9931

B 22.5 2.4 8 1.92 8.1 4.9 <0.02

ST144 C-247823 26.3202 -98.0355

B 27.0 2.5 10 2.08 7.6 5.9 <0.02

ST145 C-247824 26.3497 -98.0306

B 29.6 4.3 12 3.20 9.8 7.0 0.03

ST146 C-247825 26.3490 -98.0245

B 24.6 3.0 8 1.95 7.3 5.0 <0.02

ST147 C-247827 26.4070 -98.0197

B 29.1 2.7 11 2.23 7.7 5.9 <0.02

ST148 C-247828 26.4502 -98.0135

B 26.1 2.5 10 2.18 9.7 5.5 <0.02

ST149 C-247829 26.2889 -98.0054

B 23.7 2.0 8 1.75 5.7 5.0 <0.02

ST150 C-247830 26.4997 -98.0487

B 23.7 2.1 10 2.05 7.3 5.3 <0.02

ST151 C-247831 26.4707 -98.0538

B 19.9 1.7 7 1.53 5.4 4.4 <0.02

ST152 C-247832 26.4410 -98.0593

B 20.9 1.5 5 1.38 4.3 4.3 <0.02

ST153 C-247833 26.4124 -98.0644

B 24.6 2.3 8 2.09 6.3 5.3 <0.02

ST154 C-247834 26.3825 -98.0699

B 36.2 4.4 15 3.35 10.3 8.3 0.03

ST155 C-247835 26.3534 -98.0751

B 29.1 2.9 13 2.66 6.6 6.9 0.02

ST156 C-247836 26.3266 -98.0799

B 43.7 5.8 20 4.06 13.6 9.5 0.04

ST157 C-247837 26.3617 -98.1178

B 27.9 3.0 10 2.37 10.8 6.4 <0.02

ST158 C-247838 26.3860 -98.1138

B 22.7 2.2 7 1.73 5.3 5.1 <0.02

ST159 C-247839 26.3995 -98.1385

B 21.7 1.8 7 1.71 4.1 5.2 <0.02
Table 1 31

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ce ICPMS-AES_Co ICPMS-AES_Cr ICPMS-AES_Cs ICPMS-AES_Cu ICPMS-AES_Ga ICPMS-AES_In

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST160 C-247840 26.4162 -98.1371 B 27.1 2.4 10 2.08 5.4 6.1 <0.02ST161 C-247841 26.4123 -98.1120 B 28.5 3.4 12 2.69 7.1 6.7 <0.02ST162 C-247842 26.4184 -98.1501 L 29.6 2.8 11 2.38 7.0 6.4 <0.02ST163 C-247843 26.4665 -98.2377 B 24.6 2.1 8 1.80 4.4 5.3 <0.02ST164 C-247844 26.4618 -98.2048 B 21.1 1.8 6 1.66 4.1 4.9 <0.02ST165 C-247845 26.4560 -98.1734 B 21.6 2.4 8 1.95 4.3 5.0 <0.02ST166 C-247846 26.4518 -98.1409 B 18.7 1.4 6 1.56 2.9 4.8 <0.02ST167 C-247847 26.5165 -98.1443 H 17.0 1.5 6 1.45 18.4 4.1 <0.02ST168 C-247848 26.5209 -98.1747 H 27.2 2.7 11 2.64 4.9 6.4 <0.02ST169 C-247849 26.5004 -98.1991 H 21.1 1.6 7 1.53 3.2 4.4 <0.02ST170 C-247850 26.4894 -98.1960 H 22.0 2.0 9 2.14 3.8 5.5 <0.02ST171 C-247851 26.4797 -98.1823 H 19.0 2.1 7 1.91 4.2 4.8 <0.02ST172 C-247852 26.4772 -98.1495 H 24.7 2.6 13 2.54 6.6 6.5 <0.02ST173 C-247853 26.4489 -98.1191 H 31.8 3.4 14 3.14 7.4 7.7 0.02ST174 C-247854 26.4444 -98.0848 H 22.8 2.9 9 2.40 5.4 5.9 <0.02ST175 C-247855 26.2899 -97.9605 H 36.1 4.0 15 3.26 11.0 8.3 0.02ST176 C-247857 26.2599 -97.9604 B 45.6 5.6 22 5.55 16.7 11.6 0.04ST177 C-247858 26.2288 -97.9602 B 39.2 5.0 19 4.32 13.1 9.9 0.03ST178 C-247859 26.1995 -97.9597 B 38.3 4.3 16 3.76 11.3 9.4 0.03ST179 C-247860 26.1704 -97.9592 B 50.5 6.6 27 5.86 17.1 12.4 0.04ST180 C-247861 26.1414 -97.9576 B 46.0 5.1 19 4.67 11.4 10.9 0.03ST181 C-247743 26.1082 -97.9590 B 53.8 8.6 26 7.11 20.6 13.1 0.05ST182 C-247744 26.0775 -97.9584 B 50.5 7.7 26 6.41 16.6 11.8 0.05ST183 C-247746 26.0855 -97.9927 B 54.2 8.1 24 7.54 22.1 12.9 0.05ST184 C-247747 26.0824 -98.0260 B 61.0 9.4 29 8.56 23.7 14.3 0.06ST185 C-247748 26.0519 -98.0636 B 44.3 5.6 18 4.68 10.5 10.2 0.04ST186 C-247749 26.0764 -98.0611 G 58.5 9.1 29 8.79 21.5 14.0 0.06ST187 C-247750 26.1124 -98.0534 L 54.9 8.9 27 7.89 22.5 13.4 0.06ST188 C-247751 26.1409 -98.0472 L 41.1 5.2 16 4.05 11.7 9.8 0.03ST189 C-247752 26.1702 -98.0420 H 31.3 5.2 19 3.13 15.7 7.3 0.03
32 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ce ICPMS-AES_Co ICPMS-AES_Cr ICPMS-AES_Cs ICPMS-AES_Cu ICPMS-AES_Ga ICPMS-AES_In ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST190 C-247753 26.1999 -98.0368

H 39.6 4.8 17 3.58 25.1 8.6 0.03

ST191 C-247754 26.2290 -98.0375

H 44.1 6.1 19 4.31 15.7 9.7 0.03

ST192 C-247755 26.2565 -98.0361

H 37.4 4.7 15 3.46 11.7 8.6 0.03

ST193 C-247756 26.2856 -98.0373

H 32.3 3.9 12 2.88 10.6 7.2 0.02

ST194 C-247757 26.3041 -98.0799

H 41.3 5.7 19 4.17 15.3 9.7 0.03

ST195 C-247758 26.3329 -98.1230

H 35.4 4.4 16 3.35 12.1 8.0 0.03

ST196 C-247759 26.3020 -98.1054

H 43.0 5.1 18 3.68 21.8 8.9 0.03

ST197 C-247760 26.2844 -98.0649

H 43.4 6.5 21 4.81 15.6 10.3 0.04

ST198 C-247761 26.2490 -98.0747

B 40.5 5.2 18 3.67 16.3 8.8 0.03

ST199 C-247762 26.2199 -98.0793

B 39.6 4.6 16 3.38 12.5 8.4 0.03

ST200 C-247763 26.1895 -98.0855

G 42.1 5.8 20 4.13 14.6 9.3 0.03

ST201 C-247764 26.1351 -98.0821

G 57.5 9.2 31 8.49 22.0 13.3 0.06

ST202 C-247765 26.1125 -98.0856

G 54.1 8.6 29 7.55 28.5 12.2 0.05

ST203 C-247766 26.0810 -98.0908

G 57.0 8.6 28 8.28 21.3 12.8 0.06

ST204 C-247767 26.0849 -98.1279

G 53.4 8.2 25 7.34 26.8 12.0 0.05

ST205 C-247768 26.1185 -98.1334

G 57.6 9.3 31 8.99 34.5 13.6 0.06

ST206 C-247769 26.1578 -98.1270

G 47.2 7.2 24 5.03 25.7 10.9 0.04

ST207 C-247770 26.1876 -98.1222

G 27.2 2.9 9 2.15 8.9 6.2 0.02

ST208 C-247771 26.2176 -98.1177

G 42.7 5.8 20 3.99 27.9 9.4 0.04

ST209 C-247772 26.2533 -98.1102

G 44.5 6.0 22 4.38 19.6 10.1 0.04

ST210 C-247773 26.2823 -98.1069

G 52.5 7.6 26 5.55 21.2 12.1 0.04

ST211 C-247774 26.2994 -98.1385

L 41.1 5.4 19 3.90 17.9 9.1 0.03
 Table 1 33

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_La ICPMS-AES_Li ICPMS-AES_Mn ICPMS-AES_Mo ICPMS-AES_Nb ICPMS-AES_Ni ICPMS-AES_P

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST001 C-247982 26.4547 -98.1632 G 17.1 10 156 0.27 5.6 6.6 192ST002 C-247984 26.4645 -98.2207 G 14.1 7 124 0.17 4.1 3.2 104ST003 C-247985 26.4699 -98.2609 G 12.8 7 109 0.15 3.7 3.9 92ST004 C-247986 26.0846 -97.8620 H 29.4 24 458 0.70 10.6 14.3 953ST005 C-247987 26.0737 -97.8355 H 33.7 32 564 0.69 12.1 20.2 1,470ST006 C-247988 26.0728 -97.8046 H 29.3 23 440 0.73 8.8 13.1 810ST007 C-247989 26.0562 -97.7719 H 28.9 26 507 0.72 11.6 15.7 960ST008 C-247990 26.0519 -97.7398 H 29.2 27 566 0.67 11.0 16.9 1,190ST009 C-247991 26.0431 -97.7066 H 29.3 27 513 0.70 11.2 16.3 1,010ST010 C-247992 26.0447 -97.6712 H 27.1 24 435 0.60 9.8 14.6 1,120ST011 C-247993 26.0265 -97.6402 H 28.5 26 583 0.64 11.0 16.0 1,190ST012 C-247994 26.0189 -97.6075 H 30.7 31 513 0.62 11.2 20.2 1,160ST013 C-247995 25.9932 -97.6020 H 24.9 18 394 0.65 9.7 11.7 1,480ST014 C-247996 25.9621 -97.5776 H 30.7 29 549 0.79 9.6 17.6 801ST015 C-247997 25.9439 -97.5463 H 30.9 31 589 0.70 11.0 17.7 863ST016 C-247998 25.9258 -97.5200 H 28.3 26 507 0.83 10.9 18.1 939ST017 C-247999 25.9285 -97.4891 H 30.5 25 584 0.72 10.9 16.2 1,120ST018 C-248000 25.9145 -97.4547 H 26.8 22 454 0.69 9.3 14.1 1,160ST019 C-248001 25.9176 -97.4185 H 27.3 25 587 1.21 10.1 17.0 1,820ST020 C-248002 25.9179 -97.3816 H 20.8 14 315 0.45 7.1 10.6 724ST021 C-248003 25.9449 -97.3522 H 13.0 4 232 0.19 5.0 2.5 80ST022 C-248004 25.9539 -97.3191 H 28.7 28 414 0.49 10.4 17.1 703ST023 C-248005 25.9604 -97.2835 H 26.6 22 452 0.64 6.6 13.2 612ST024 C-248006 25.9600 -97.2534 H 23.0 17 306 0.34 6.2 9.0 437ST025 C-248007 25.9680 -97.2069 H 20.2 14 273 0.44 6.7 8.7 389ST026 C-248008 25.9894 -97.1829 H 23.3 22 337 0.45 8.2 12.4 462ST027 C-248010 25.9970 -97.1513 H 15.5 5 175 0.24 5.0 3.1 120ST028 C-248011 26.4601 -98.1765 G 17.4 11 199 0.21 4.6 9.3 191ST029 C-248012 26.4602 -98.1741 G 15.8 11 247 0.20 4.3 11.4 222ST030 C-248013 25.9723 -97.5364 H 25.6 20 393 0.68 8.7 12.6 690
34 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_La ICPMS-AES_Li ICPMS-AES_Mn ICPMS-AES_Mo ICPMS-AES_Nb ICPMS-AES_Ni ICPMS-AES_P ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST031 C-248014 25.9783 -97.5047

H 31.1 25 499 0.68 8.1 15.3 616

ST032 C-248015 25.9817 -97.4744

H 27.8 25 467 0.98 8.4 14.8 602

ST033 C-248016 25.9831 -97.4461

H 30.3 28 548 0.68 10.9 17.6 784

ST034 C-248017 25.9502 -97.4194

H 31.2 28 579 0.77 11.0 18.5 1,210

ST035 C-248018 25.9487 -97.4453

H 24.7 24 380 0.68 9.2 15.1 585

ST036 C-248019 25.9508 -97.4783

H 27.8 22 418 0.58 9.7 12.3 591

ST037 C-248020 25.9499 -97.5080

H 25.4 21 439 0.57 9.6 13.5 1,050

ST107 C-247780 26.1184 -97.7855

B 25.9 34 420 0.72 11.2 18.3 1,370

ST108 C-247781 26.1438 -97.7816

B 23.2 19 331 0.66 12.5 11.7 430

ST109 C-247783 26.1753 -97.7839

B 22.4 24 304 1.05 9.6 12.6 644

ST110 C-247784 26.2079 -97.7862

B 25.2 22 324 0.51 10.1 14.3 540

ST111 C-247785 26.2375 -97.7869

B 19.4 14 250 0.51 8.4 7.9 390

ST112 C-247786 26.2663 -97.7870

B 25.9 24 333 0.60 10.3 13.8 876

ST113 C-247787 26.2961 -97.7873

B 20.8 14 204 0.37 8.5 7.3 285

ST114 C-247788 26.3011 -97.8261

B 22.7 15 237 0.46 8.4 8.8 375

ST115 C-247789 26.2631 -97.8257

B 25.5 24 390 0.53 11.3 16.6 894

ST116 C-247790 26.2719 -97.8638

B 17.7 16 245 0.66 7.7 9.7 1,280

ST117 C-247791 26.3026 -97.8644

B 20.4 15 256 0.49 8.4 8.4 429

ST118 C-247792 26.3422 -97.9251

B 16.8 14 195 0.34 6.7 7.9 309

ST119 C-247793 26.3148 -97.9290

B 22.3 19 323 0.63 8.4 12.5 562

ST120 C-247794 26.2812 -97.9285

B 19.5 16 269 0.48 8.3 10.0 448

ST121 C-247795 26.2656 -97.9119

B 24.8 25 361 0.53 10.7 15.4 881

ST122 C-247796 26.2365 -97.9114

B 22.2 20 312 0.51 9.3 12.4 503

ST123 C-247797 26.2066 -97.9111

B 23.0 22 297 0.53 9.3 11.6 527

ST124 C-247798 26.1781 -97.9106

B 18.0 15 215 0.54 7.0 8.1 482

ST125 C-247799 26.1286 -97.9014

B 24.2 27 399 0.83 10.4 16.1 898

ST126 C-247800 26.0986 -97.9012

B 26.2 36 490 0.83 11.8 21.2 1,270

ST127 C-247801 26.1085 -97.8500

B 27.3 37 525 0.94 11.7 20.2 1,310

ST128 C-247802 26.1356 -97.8577

B 21.9 19 277 0.54 8.4 11.6 714

ST129 C-247803 26.1778 -97.8472

B 24.0 25 349 0.58 10.3 14.2 798
Table 1 35

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_La ICPMS-AES_Li ICPMS-AES_Mn ICPMS-AES_Mo ICPMS-AES_Nb ICPMS-AES_Ni ICPMS-AES_P

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST130 C-247804 26.2155 -97.8466 B 24.9 24 350 0.62 10.1 14.1 812ST131 C-247805 26.2466 -97.8634 L 22.7 24 332 0.53 10.8 14.0 838ST132 C-247806 26.3655 -97.9374 B 21.2 19 321 0.47 8.8 12.7 512ST133 C-247807 26.3937 -97.9325 B 15.6 14 179 0.37 7.1 6.3 167ST134 C-247808 26.4227 -97.9267 B 17.4 14 200 0.33 6.7 9.8 285ST135 C-247809 26.4504 -97.9144 B 17.3 15 180 0.40 6.3 8.3 221ST136 C-247811 26.4795 -97.9088 B 12.7 10 111 0.31 4.6 5.3 170ST137 C-247812 26.4851 -97.9489 B 11.9 9 109 0.20 4.5 4.0 91ST138 C-247813 26.4564 -97.9539 B 18.5 16 224 0.48 7.1 9.7 292ST139 C-247814 26.4063 -97.9628 B 12.1 13 125 0.34 4.3 4.4 325ST140 C-247815 26.3845 -97.9662 B 14.4 11 144 0.35 5.5 5.6 180ST141 C-247816 26.3559 -97.9724 B 16.5 13 165 0.36 6.4 7.1 146ST142 C-247817 26.3282 -97.9843 B 14.9 12 186 0.41 6.9 6.3 219ST143 C-247818 26.3067 -97.9931 B 12.8 11 121 0.30 4.3 6.4 326ST144 C-247823 26.3202 -98.0355 B 15.1 11 163 0.35 6.6 5.6 201ST145 C-247824 26.3497 -98.0306 B 16.3 16 214 0.36 6.1 11.9 346ST146 C-247825 26.3490 -98.0245 B 14.2 11 160 0.49 5.7 6.5 190ST147 C-247827 26.4070 -98.0197 B 16.2 12 149 0.38 5.9 6.3 164ST148 C-247828 26.4502 -98.0135 B 15.0 12 143 0.30 5.1 5.9 153ST149 C-247829 26.2889 -98.0054 B 14.1 10 123 0.27 5.0 4.4 128ST150 C-247830 26.4997 -98.0487 B 14.7 11 118 0.25 4.8 5.2 171ST151 C-247831 26.4707 -98.0538 B 11.7 9 97 0.24 3.3 3.3 120ST152 C-247832 26.4410 -98.0593 B 13.1 8 88 0.22 3.4 3.0 88ST153 C-247833 26.4124 -98.0644 B 14.7 11 114 0.27 4.2 5.4 130ST154 C-247834 26.3825 -98.0699 B 20.0 15 249 0.40 6.9 9.1 308ST155 C-247835 26.3534 -98.0751 B 16.3 13 152 0.35 6.4 6.8 136ST156 C-247836 26.3266 -98.0799 B 22.9 17 306 0.43 8.7 13.1 576ST157 C-247837 26.3617 -98.1178 B 15.3 11 157 0.31 5.3 6.7 162ST158 C-247838 26.3860 -98.1138 B 14.0 10 133 0.28 4.8 4.0 151ST159 C-247839 26.3995 -98.1385 B 12.7 8 103 0.22 4.5 3.6 103
36 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_La ICPMS-AES_Li ICPMS-AES_Mn ICPMS-AES_Mo ICPMS-AES_Nb ICPMS-AES_Ni ICPMS-AES_P ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST160 C-247840 26.4162 -98.1371

B 15.7 11 146 0.27 5.4 5.1 92

ST161 C-247841 26.4123 -98.1120

B 15.9 11 213 0.41 4.9 7.6 199

ST162 C-247842 26.4184 -98.1501

L 16.7 10 180 0.24 4.8 8.1 190

ST163 C-247843 26.4665 -98.2377

B 14.9 8 145 0.17 4.5 4.9 163

ST164 C-247844 26.4618 -98.2048

B 13.1 7 99 0.23 3.4 4.6 145

ST165 C-247845 26.4560 -98.1734

B 13.4 8 130 0.27 3.8 6.2 167

ST166 C-247846 26.4518 -98.1409

B 11.5 7 92 0.12 3.2 4.7 127

ST167 C-247847 26.5165 -98.1443

H 10.6 7 90 0.16 2.8 4.4 97

ST168 C-247848 26.5209 -98.1747

H 16.0 12 158 0.24 4.9 9.8 110

ST169 C-247849 26.5004 -98.1991

H 13.5 7 108 0.13 3.7 3.7 104

ST170 C-247850 26.4894 -98.1960

H 13.7 9 114 0.19 3.9 5.3 128

ST171 C-247851 26.4797 -98.1823

H 11.8 9 103 0.19 3.2 5.3 137

ST172 C-247852 26.4772 -98.1495

H 14.6 9 210 0.27 5.0 6.3 406

ST173 C-247853 26.4489 -98.1191

H 18.1 12 213 0.24 5.5 8.9 259

ST174 C-247854 26.4444 -98.0848

H 13.8 10 143 0.74 4.1 7.3 324

ST175 C-247855 26.2899 -97.9605

H 19.5 13 244 0.38 6.6 9.7 395

ST176 C-247857 26.2599 -97.9604

B 24.3 17 280 0.33 8.4 14.6 950

ST177 C-247858 26.2288 -97.9602

B 21.5 16 327 0.35 7.6 12.5 577

ST178 C-247859 26.1995 -97.9597

B 21.3 14 260 0.38 7.3 10.9 483

ST179 C-247860 26.1704 -97.9592

B 26.9 19 427 0.44 9.2 17.4 1,050

ST180 C-247861 26.1414 -97.9576

B 24.9 16 304 0.42 8.1 11.5 619

ST181 C-247743 26.1082 -97.9590

B 28.2 32 509 1.08 11.5 16.9 1,220

ST182 C-247744 26.0775 -97.9584

B 26.3 29 447 0.77 10.8 15.4 927

ST183 C-247746 26.0855 -97.9927

B 27.7 33 535 0.81 11.9 16.9 1,090

ST184 C-247747 26.0824 -98.0260

B 31.7 36 523 0.98 12.4 20.1 1,270

ST185 C-247748 26.0519 -98.0636

B 24.3 23 395 0.72 8.2 10.6 654

ST186 C-247749 26.0764 -98.0611

G 29.5 39 513 0.90 11.8 20.6 1,220

ST187 C-247750 26.1124 -98.0534

L 27.8 36 526 0.91 10.7 19.0 1,010

ST188 C-247751 26.1409 -98.0472

L 22.4 20 284 0.62 8.2 12.1 440

ST189 C-247752 26.1702 -98.0420

H 17.2 16 270 0.75 6.9 13.0 547
Table 1 37

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_La ICPMS-AES_Li ICPMS-AES_Mn ICPMS-AES_Mo ICPMS-AES_Nb ICPMS-AES_Ni ICPMS-AES_P

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST190 C-247753 26.1999 -98.0368 H 21.7 17 290 0.49 8.3 11.2 515ST191 C-247754 26.2290 -98.0375 H 23.2 20 330 0.52 9.4 14.0 550ST192 C-247755 26.2565 -98.0361 H 20.7 15 267 0.43 8.0 10.6 367ST193 C-247756 26.2856 -98.0373 H 18.0 14 206 0.52 6.1 8.6 404ST194 C-247757 26.3041 -98.0799 H 22.6 19 313 0.48 8.3 14.0 565ST195 C-247758 26.3329 -98.1230 H 19.1 19 259 0.50 7.7 10.5 273ST196 C-247759 26.3020 -98.1054 H 23.3 18 273 0.65 8.5 12.3 436ST197 C-247760 26.2844 -98.0649 H 23.0 22 328 0.56 9.1 14.9 662ST198 C-247761 26.2490 -98.0747 B 22.1 19 301 0.50 8.2 12.2 621ST199 C-247762 26.2199 -98.0793 B 21.8 16 258 0.44 8.4 10.0 320ST200 C-247763 26.1895 -98.0855 G 22.8 21 341 0.56 8.4 13.3 497ST201 C-247764 26.1351 -98.0821 G 28.9 38 496 0.89 12.0 20.8 1,080ST202 C-247765 26.1125 -98.0856 G 27.5 35 513 0.90 10.0 20.7 924ST203 C-247766 26.0810 -98.0908 G 28.6 37 603 0.96 12.5 19.1 1,320ST204 C-247767 26.0849 -98.1279 G 27.6 33 502 0.85 11.6 17.3 1,180ST205 C-247768 26.1185 -98.1334 G 28.8 39 524 1.33 7.4 21.2 1,070ST206 C-247769 26.1578 -98.1270 G 25.0 25 379 0.61 9.6 16.0 701ST207 C-247770 26.1876 -98.1222 G 15.3 11 172 0.37 6.0 6.1 318ST208 C-247771 26.2176 -98.1177 G 23.2 18 322 0.49 9.6 12.6 808ST209 C-247772 26.2533 -98.1102 G 24.1 20 363 0.45 9.4 14.4 499ST210 C-247773 26.2823 -98.1069 G 26.9 23 453 0.58 11.4 17.4 675ST211 C-247774 26.2994 -98.1385 L 22.2 17 297 0.52 9.4 13.2 411
38 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Pb ICPMS-AES_Rb ICPMS-AES_Sb ICPMS-AES_Sc ICPMS-AES_Sn ICPMS-AES_Sr ICPMS-AES_Te ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST001 C-247982 26.4547 -98.1632

G 11.3 50.2 0.60 2.7 1.1 83.0 <0.1

ST002 C-247984 26.4645 -98.2207

G 7.9 45.7 0.42 1.6 0.6 75.1 <0.1

ST003 C-247985 26.4699 -98.2609

G 7.5 44.5 0.47 1.6 0.4 64.3 <0.1

ST004 C-247986 26.0846 -97.8620

H 16.3 75.6 0.93 6.7 1.6 346.3 <0.1

ST005 C-247987 26.0737 -97.8355

H 22.3 91.0 1.14 8.6 2.0 337.5 <0.1

ST006 C-247988 26.0728 -97.8046

H 13.6 70.8 0.83 6.1 1.4 364.4 <0.1

ST007 C-247989 26.0562 -97.7719

H 20.6 79.1 1.05 7.2 2.2 329.8 <0.1

ST008 C-247990 26.0519 -97.7398

H 36.4 79.9 1.13 7.4 2.2 302.8 <0.1

ST009 C-247991 26.0431 -97.7066

H 17.2 80.1 1.00 7.2 1.6 327.3 <0.1

ST010 C-247992 26.0447 -97.6712

H 24.2 73.3 1.02 6.4 5.3 327.5 <0.1

ST011 C-247993 26.0265 -97.6402

H 18.8 79.3 1.15 7.2 1.8 315.7 <0.1

ST012 C-247994 26.0189 -97.6075

H 21.0 89.6 1.04 8.8 2.7 292.0 <0.1

ST013 C-247995 25.9932 -97.6020

H 26.8 69.3 1.45 5.3 2.8 285.7 <0.1

ST014 C-247996 25.9621 -97.5776

H 22.9 78.0 1.21 7.7 2.7 335.2 <0.1

ST015 C-247997 25.9439 -97.5463

H 18.3 81.2 1.14 8.2 2.1 360.6 <0.1

ST016 C-247998 25.9258 -97.5200

H 32.5 76.7 1.02 7.3 2.5 322.7 <0.1

ST017 C-247999 25.9285 -97.4891

H 36.0 84.0 0.98 7.4 1.7 249.7 <0.1

ST018 C-248000 25.9145 -97.4547

H 18.7 73.7 0.82 6.2 2.3 259.7 <0.1

ST019 C-248001 25.9176 -97.4185

H 37.1 71.9 9.16 6.8 3.7 335.3 <0.1

ST020 C-248002 25.9179 -97.3816

H 20.3 53.0 0.66 4.1 1.3 259.2 <0.1

ST021 C-248003 25.9449 -97.3522

H 5.4 24.9 0.33 1.5 0.5 115.3 <0.1

ST022 C-248004 25.9539 -97.3191

H 17.9 79.4 0.83 7.7 1.6 294.6 <0.1

ST023 C-248005 25.9604 -97.2835

H 20.4 68.4 0.96 6.1 1.3 322.5 <0.1

ST024 C-248006 25.9600 -97.2534

H 11.9 66.1 0.58 4.4 1.2 247.8 <0.1

ST025 C-248007 25.9680 -97.2069

H 11.5 53.5 0.64 3.7 1.0 304.0 <0.1

ST026 C-248008 25.9894 -97.1829

H 15.0 67.1 0.77 5.6 1.2 281.3 <0.1

ST027 C-248010 25.9970 -97.1513

H 6.5 33.6 0.30 1.7 1.0 141.5 <0.1

ST028 C-248011 26.4601 -98.1765

G 7.4 42.6 0.55 3.3 0.9 156.7 <0.1

ST029 C-248012 26.4602 -98.1741

G 7.3 42.9 0.57 3.9 0.8 138.5 <0.1

ST030 C-248013 25.9723 -97.5364

H 17.2 69.2 0.81 5.7 1.3 304.2 <0.1
Table 1 39

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Pb ICPMS-AES_Rb ICPMS-AES_Sb ICPMS-AES_Sc ICPMS-AES_Sn ICPMS-AES_Sr ICPMS-AES_Te

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST031 C-248014 25.9783 -97.5047 H 14.5 73.4 0.86 6.8 1.6 340.2 <0.1ST032 C-248015 25.9817 -97.4744 H 15.0 72.8 0.92 6.8 1.5 357.8 <0.1ST033 C-248016 25.9831 -97.4461 H 18.3 81.8 0.97 8.1 1.9 303.8 <0.1ST034 C-248017 25.9502 -97.4194 H 18.1 84.9 1.00 8.1 1.7 346.3 <0.1ST035 C-248018 25.9487 -97.4453 H 20.0 66.6 0.95 6.7 1.6 315.9 <0.1ST036 C-248019 25.9508 -97.4783 H 15.2 72.7 0.82 6.0 1.6 345.6 <0.1ST037 C-248020 25.9499 -97.5080 H 35.6 69.0 0.87 6.1 2.2 335.4 <0.1ST107 C-247780 26.1184 -97.7855 B 21.6 79.7 1.20 8.3 1.9 272.4 <0.1ST108 C-247781 26.1438 -97.7816 B 16.1 82.1 0.82 5.5 1.4 163.2 <0.1ST109 C-247783 26.1753 -97.7839 B 15.2 78.4 0.76 5.9 1.6 227.4 <0.1ST110 C-247784 26.2079 -97.7862 B 16.5 82.9 0.82 6.4 1.7 166.7 <0.1ST111 C-247785 26.2375 -97.7869 B 15.9 71.8 0.66 3.8 1.4 168.4 <0.1ST112 C-247786 26.2663 -97.7870 B 15.9 79.9 0.87 6.4 1.5 233.0 <0.1ST113 C-247787 26.2961 -97.7873 B 12.4 72.7 0.61 3.5 1.0 149.1 <0.1ST114 C-247788 26.3011 -97.8261 B 22.2 70.5 0.78 3.6 4.1 146.8 <0.1ST115 C-247789 26.2631 -97.8257 B 24.1 86.5 0.86 7.0 2.5 195.5 <0.1ST116 C-247790 26.2719 -97.8638 B 12.2 65.6 0.66 3.6 1.1 178.9 <0.1ST117 C-247791 26.3026 -97.8644 B 12.0 72.1 0.65 3.9 1.0 172.8 <0.1ST118 C-247792 26.3422 -97.9251 B 11.0 58.6 0.59 3.3 1.1 112.0 <0.1ST119 C-247793 26.3148 -97.9290 B 15.5 73.9 0.78 5.2 1.5 132.4 <0.1ST120 C-247794 26.2812 -97.9285 B 28.8 67.7 0.71 4.4 1.4 122.1 <0.1ST121 C-247795 26.2656 -97.9119 B 15.1 75.5 0.85 6.2 1.5 251.5 <0.1ST122 C-247796 26.2365 -97.9114 B 13.9 77.7 0.77 5.3 1.3 160.1 <0.1ST123 C-247797 26.2066 -97.9111 B 21.2 75.7 0.70 5.2 1.3 205.8 <0.1ST124 C-247798 26.1781 -97.9106 B 16.5 68.8 0.65 3.7 1.1 173.1 <0.1ST125 C-247799 26.1286 -97.9014 B 15.2 81.6 0.85 6.9 1.8 281.2 <0.1ST126 C-247800 26.0986 -97.9012 B 20.6 85.8 1.11 8.4 2.2 323.5 <0.1ST127 C-247801 26.1085 -97.8500 B 27.2 89.3 1.19 8.6 2.3 340.5 <0.1ST128 C-247802 26.1356 -97.8577 B 16.8 75.0 0.68 5.0 2.9 191.9 <0.1ST129 C-247803 26.1778 -97.8472 B 15.2 86.3 0.90 6.7 1.6 197.3 <0.1
40 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Pb ICPMS-AES_Rb ICPMS-AES_Sb ICPMS-AES_Sc ICPMS-AES_Sn ICPMS-AES_Sr ICPMS-AES_Te ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST130 C-247804 26.2155 -97.8466

B 24.4 84.2 0.93 6.4 1.7 172.5 <0.1

ST131 C-247805 26.2466 -97.8634

L 14.8 81.6 0.85 6.4 1.6 204.1 <0.1

ST132 C-247806 26.3655 -97.9374

B 15.4 66.0 0.70 5.0 1.3 183.6 <0.1

ST133 C-247807 26.3937 -97.9325

B 10.2 52.5 0.56 2.8 1.4 131.9 <0.1

ST134 C-247808 26.4227 -97.9267

B 11.0 57.9 0.61 3.5 1.0 106.3 <0.1

ST135 C-247809 26.4504 -97.9144

B 16.5 58.7 0.61 3.3 0.9 114.3 <0.1

ST136 C-247811 26.4795 -97.9088

B 11.1 45.9 0.48 1.7 0.6 80.7 <0.1

ST137 C-247812 26.4851 -97.9489

B 9.6 44.7 0.44 1.6 0.5 70.1 <0.1

ST138 C-247813 26.4564 -97.9539

B 15.1 60.3 0.60 4.0 1.1 117.4 <0.1

ST139 C-247814 26.4063 -97.9628

B 11.5 46.8 0.51 1.7 0.7 375.6 <0.1

ST140 C-247815 26.3845 -97.9662

B 20.7 52.2 0.51 2.3 0.9 92.0 <0.1

ST141 C-247816 26.3559 -97.9724

B 16.9 58.9 0.56 3.0 0.9 105.4 <0.1

ST142 C-247817 26.3282 -97.9843

B 10.9 55.8 0.61 2.9 0.9 91.8 <0.1

ST143 C-247818 26.3067 -97.9931

B 15.3 44.4 0.48 2.1 1.0 181.4 <0.1

ST144 C-247823 26.3202 -98.0355

B 13.7 55.0 0.55 2.3 0.8 95.6 <0.1

ST145 C-247824 26.3497 -98.0306

B 11.0 53.9 0.61 3.6 1.1 154.2 <0.1

ST146 C-247825 26.3490 -98.0245

B 10.7 42.2 0.52 2.3 0.9 280.3 <0.1

ST147 C-247827 26.4070 -98.0197

B 11.8 55.2 0.53 2.5 1.0 91.1 <0.1

ST148 C-247828 26.4502 -98.0135

B 11.0 51.2 0.51 2.4 2.7 77.0 <0.1

ST149 C-247829 26.2889 -98.0054

B 11.3 47.9 0.47 1.9 0.6 77.0 <0.1

ST150 C-247830 26.4997 -98.0487

B 10.3 51.0 0.47 2.2 0.8 75.1 <0.1

ST151 C-247831 26.4707 -98.0538

B 8.1 46.0 0.38 1.4 0.5 68.7 <0.1

ST152 C-247832 26.4410 -98.0593

B 8.9 45.3 0.42 1.3 0.5 72.7 <0.1

ST153 C-247833 26.4124 -98.0644

B 8.7 50.6 0.42 2.1 0.6 84.3 <0.1

ST154 C-247834 26.3825 -98.0699

B 11.8 69.3 0.57 3.9 1.0 110.7 <0.1

ST155 C-247835 26.3534 -98.0751

B 9.7 59.0 0.53 3.1 1.0 95.2 <0.1

ST156 C-247836 26.3266 -98.0799

B 13.2 72.0 0.75 5.2 1.3 196.1 <0.1

ST157 C-247837 26.3617 -98.1178

B 10.6 58.4 0.53 2.6 0.9 114.6 <0.1

ST158 C-247838 26.3860 -98.1138

B 8.5 50.8 0.46 1.8 0.7 111.2 <0.1

ST159 C-247839 26.3995 -98.1385

B 8.3 50.2 0.41 1.8 0.6 97.0 <0.1
Table 1 41

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field 

no.

Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Pb ICPMS-AES_Rb ICPMS-AES_Sb ICPMS-AES_Sc ICPMS-AES_Sn ICPMS-AES_Sr ICPMS-AES_Te

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST160 C-247840 26.4162 -98.1371 B 9.1 56.6 0.47 2.3 0.7 97.5 <0.1ST161 C-247841 26.4123 -98.1120 B 10.3 47.8 0.63 2.9 1.1 113.5 <0.1ST162 C-247842 26.4184 -98.1501 L 20.1 51.6 0.67 2.6 0.7 85.5 <0.1ST163 C-247843 26.4665 -98.2377 B 7.7 46.6 0.49 1.8 0.6 77.5 <0.1ST164 C-247844 26.4618 -98.2048 B 8.1 43.8 0.47 1.5 0.6 78.0 <0.1ST165 C-247845 26.4560 -98.1734 B 10.5 39.5 0.52 1.9 0.5 116.4 <0.1ST166 C-247846 26.4518 -98.1409 B 6.9 44.5 0.42 1.4 0.4 81.2 <0.1ST167 C-247847 26.5165 -98.1443 H 7.3 39.5 0.42 1.3 2.0 77.8 <0.1ST168 C-247848 26.5209 -98.1747 H 9.1 48.2 0.53 2.8 0.7 120.1 <0.1ST169 C-247849 26.5004 -98.1991 H 8.0 42.7 0.49 1.6 0.7 55.9 <0.1ST170 C-247850 26.4894 -98.1960 H 7.9 49.2 0.49 2.2 0.5 53.5 <0.1ST171 C-247851 26.4797 -98.1823 H 9.7 42.8 0.47 2.0 0.4 74.1 <0.1ST172 C-247852 26.4772 -98.1495 H 20.6 51.6 0.60 2.9 0.6 99.6 <0.1ST173 C-247853 26.4489 -98.1191 H 12.2 56.0 0.64 3.5 0.8 160.5 <0.1ST174 C-247854 26.4444 -98.0848 H 10.3 44.1 0.56 2.6 0.8 136.3 <0.1ST175 C-247855 26.2899 -97.9605 H 20.7 58.5 0.75 3.9 1.6 126.2 <0.1ST176 C-247857 26.2599 -97.9604 B 18.6 74.6 0.93 6.5 1.5 158.6 <0.1ST177 C-247858 26.2288 -97.9602 B 20.2 69.1 0.76 5.3 1.4 174.2 <0.1ST178 C-247859 26.1995 -97.9597 B 20.5 65.4 0.71 4.5 1.1 147.8 <0.1ST179 C-247860 26.1704 -97.9592 B 19.9 79.3 0.91 7.2 3.8 171.7 <0.1ST180 C-247861 26.1414 -97.9576 B 15.2 74.8 0.78 5.3 1.8 174.5 <0.1ST181 C-247743 26.1082 -97.9590 B 23.1 89.1 0.95 8.1 1.9 348.8 <0.1ST182 C-247744 26.0775 -97.9584 B 16.9 81.4 0.90 7.1 1.7 359.3 <0.1ST183 C-247746 26.0855 -97.9927 B 26.4 91.7 0.97 8.1 2.0 368.4 <0.1ST184 C-247747 26.0824 -98.0260 B 20.8 99.4 1.09 9.5 2.1 341.8 <0.1ST185 C-247748 26.0519 -98.0636 B 23.8 74.1 0.83 5.3 1.4 357.8 <0.1ST186 C-247749 26.0764 -98.0611 G 19.2 94.7 1.06 9.3 2.0 360.8 <0.1ST187 C-247750 26.1124 -98.0534 L 18.2 86.7 0.99 8.8 2.3 350.0 <0.1ST188 C-247751 26.1409 -98.0472 L 15.1 73.0 0.70 5.0 1.5 203.8 <0.1ST189 C-247752 26.1702 -98.0420 H 21.4 54.1 0.84 4.1 1.4 205.4 <0.1
42 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Pb ICPMS-AES_Rb ICPMS-AES_Sb ICPMS-AES_Sc ICPMS-AES_Sn ICPMS-AES_Sr ICPMS-AES_Te ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST190 C-247753 26.1999 -98.0368

H 15.7 68.2 0.72 4.6 2.1 159.5 <0.1

ST191 C-247754 26.2290 -98.0375

H 17.7 75.2 0.77 5.6 1.4 161.9 <0.1

ST192 C-247755 26.2565 -98.0361

H 12.8 72.6 0.66 4.3 1.1 129.5 <0.1

ST193 C-247756 26.2856 -98.0373

H 12.6 62.2 0.59 3.4 1.0 203.5 <0.1

ST194 C-247757 26.3041 -98.0799

H 14.2 75.5 0.76 5.5 1.2 170.5 <0.1

ST195 C-247758 26.3329 -98.1230

H 11.6 60.4 0.59 4.2 1.1 213.3 <0.1

ST196 C-247759 26.3020 -98.1054

H 99.2 69.4 3.62 5.0 2.0 143.7 <0.1

ST197 C-247760 26.2844 -98.0649

H 18.1 77.1 0.79 6.3 1.7 178.1 <0.1

ST198 C-247761 26.2490 -98.0747

B 17.3 67.0 1.07 4.9 2.8 173.6 <0.1

ST199 C-247762 26.2199 -98.0793

B 13.8 67.7 0.71 4.5 1.5 139.2 <0.1

ST200 C-247763 26.1895 -98.0855

G 15.8 67.9 0.64 5.3 1.5 208.5 <0.1

ST201 C-247764 26.1351 -98.0821

G 19.7 89.7 1.05 9.4 1.9 365.2 <0.1

ST202 C-247765 26.1125 -98.0856

G 19.5 83.4 0.92 8.5 2.3 352.7 <0.1

ST203 C-247766 26.0810 -98.0908

G 19.8 84.6 1.09 8.5 1.9 371.8 <0.1

ST204 C-247767 26.0849 -98.1279

G 19.8 81.3 1.05 7.8 2.2 357.5 <0.1

ST205 C-247768 26.1185 -98.1334

G 19.4 88.8 1.04 9.5 3.2 397.0 <0.1

ST206 C-247769 26.1578 -98.1270

G 16.5 76.0 0.87 6.7 1.6 241.8 <0.1

ST207 C-247770 26.1876 -98.1222

G 20.4 57.5 0.59 2.5 1.1 133.1 <0.1

ST208 C-247771 26.2176 -98.1177

G 28.5 73.3 1.12 5.4 5.7 168.9 <0.1

ST209 C-247772 26.2533 -98.1102

G 17.0 76.2 0.83 5.7 2.0 134.9 <0.1

ST210 C-247773 26.2823 -98.1069

G 20.4 85.9 0.94 7.3 2.0 136.3 <0.1

ST211 C-247774 26.2994 -98.1385

L 15.7 72.4 0.79 5.0 1.4 133.6 <0.1
 Table 1 43

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Th ICPMS-AES_Tl ICPMS-AES_U ICPMS-AES_V ICPMS-AES_W ICPMS-AES_Y ICPMS-AES_Zn

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST001 C-247982 26.4547 -98.1632 G 4.4 0.3 0.8 24 0.4 7.5 28ST002 C-247984 26.4645 -98.2207 G 3.0 0.3 0.7 16 0.2 5.3 16ST003 C-247985 26.4699 -98.2609 G 2.8 0.2 0.6 15 0.2 5.6 20ST004 C-247986 26.0846 -97.8620 H 8.8 0.6 2.2 64 0.9 18.8 68ST005 C-247987 26.0737 -97.8355 H 10.8 0.7 2.5 81 1.2 21.9 96ST006 C-247988 26.0728 -97.8046 H 9.0 0.5 2.3 65 0.8 18.1 57ST007 C-247989 26.0562 -97.7719 H 9.3 0.6 2.4 73 1.0 18.8 82ST008 C-247990 26.0519 -97.7398 H 9.8 0.6 2.4 69 1.0 19.6 102ST009 C-247991 26.0431 -97.7066 H 9.8 0.6 2.4 73 1.1 19.2 85ST010 C-247992 26.0447 -97.6712 H 8.5 0.5 2.2 65 0.9 17.2 77ST011 C-247993 26.0265 -97.6402 H 9.6 0.6 2.2 67 1.0 19.4 92ST012 C-247994 26.0189 -97.6075 H 10.8 0.7 2.5 82 1.1 20.5 99ST013 C-247995 25.9932 -97.6020 H 7.8 0.5 2.0 53 0.8 16.3 85ST014 C-247996 25.9621 -97.5776 H 10.2 0.6 2.6 78 1.0 20.1 83ST015 C-247997 25.9439 -97.5463 H 10.7 0.6 2.7 80 1.1 21.4 79ST016 C-247998 25.9258 -97.5200 H 9.7 0.6 2.3 70 1.0 18.9 87ST017 C-247999 25.9285 -97.4891 H 9.9 0.6 2.0 66 1.0 19.6 97ST018 C-248000 25.9145 -97.4547 H 8.4 0.5 1.9 59 0.8 16.5 86ST019 C-248001 25.9176 -97.4185 H 9.3 0.6 2.8 67 1.0 17.6 220ST020 C-248002 25.9179 -97.3816 H 6.4 0.4 1.6 41 0.6 12.7 60ST021 C-248003 25.9449 -97.3522 H 2.5 0.2 0.6 17 0.2 7.6 10ST022 C-248004 25.9539 -97.3191 H 10.0 0.6 2.8 73 0.9 18.0 70ST023 C-248005 25.9604 -97.2835 H 8.5 0.5 2.2 61 0.8 16.8 60ST024 C-248006 25.9600 -97.2534 H 6.6 0.4 1.9 44 0.5 13.2 39ST025 C-248007 25.9680 -97.2069 H 5.7 0.4 1.9 37 0.5 11.9 33ST026 C-248008 25.9894 -97.1829 H 7.4 0.5 2.0 57 0.7 14.4 51ST027 C-248010 25.9970 -97.1513 H 2.8 0.2 0.7 20 0.2 7.9 14ST028 C-248011 26.4601 -98.1765 G 4.4 0.3 1.4 30 0.4 9.8 25ST029 C-248012 26.4602 -98.1741 G 4.6 0.3 1.3 33 0.4 10.2 31ST030 C-248013 25.9723 -97.5364 H 8.2 0.5 2.1 54 0.8 16.2 59
44 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Th ICPMS-AES_Tl ICPMS-AES_U ICPMS-AES_V ICPMS-AES_W ICPMS-AES_Y ICPMS-AES_Zn ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST031 C-248014 25.9783 -97.5047

H 10.2 0.6 2.4 72 0.8 18.6 60

ST032 C-248015 25.9817 -97.4744

H 9.1 0.6 2.5 70 0.9 18.5 59

ST033 C-248016 25.9831 -97.4461

H 10.2 0.6 2.4 76 1.0 20.0 81

ST034 C-248017 25.9502 -97.4194

H 10.1 0.6 2.3 71 1.0 20.1 86

ST035 C-248018 25.9487 -97.4453

H 8.5 0.5 2.5 64 1.1 17.0 66

ST036 C-248019 25.9508 -97.4783

H 8.9 0.5 2.3 58 0.9 17.3 52

ST037 C-248020 25.9499 -97.5080

H 8.3 0.5 2.0 54 0.9 16.3 96

ST107 C-247780 26.1184 -97.7855

B 8.7 0.7 2.3 72 1.1 17.1 95

ST108 C-247781 26.1438 -97.7816

B 6.6 0.5 1.4 46 0.8 13.4 51

ST109 C-247783 26.1753 -97.7839

B 6.7 0.5 1.7 55 1.2 13.9 55

ST110 C-247784 26.2079 -97.7862

B 7.5 0.6 1.5 52 0.7 14.4 61

ST111 C-247785 26.2375 -97.7869

B 5.4 0.4 1.4 33 0.5 10.6 42

ST112 C-247786 26.2663 -97.7870

B 7.7 0.5 1.7 52 0.8 14.9 57

ST113 C-247787 26.2961 -97.7873

B 5.4 0.4 1.2 29 0.5 10.6 33

ST114 C-247788 26.3011 -97.8261

B 5.8 0.4 1.4 30 0.5 10.9 42

ST115 C-247789 26.2631 -97.8257

B 7.7 0.6 1.6 52 0.8 16.3 73

ST116 C-247790 26.2719 -97.8638

B 4.9 0.4 1.4 39 0.6 9.8 46

ST117 C-247791 26.3026 -97.8644

B 5.7 0.4 1.5 33 0.5 11.0 40

ST118 C-247792 26.3422 -97.9251

B 4.6 0.4 1.1 27 0.4 8.6 31

ST119 C-247793 26.3148 -97.9290

B 6.7 0.5 1.9 39 0.6 12.5 51

ST120 C-247794 26.2812 -97.9285

B 5.7 0.4 1.2 37 0.5 10.9 50

ST121 C-247795 26.2656 -97.9119

B 7.6 0.5 1.9 56 0.8 15.1 62

ST122 C-247796 26.2365 -97.9114

B 6.3 0.5 1.5 46 0.6 12.8 52

ST123 C-247797 26.2066 -97.9111

B 6.6 0.5 1.6 49 0.7 13.0 51

ST124 C-247798 26.1781 -97.9106

B 4.9 0.4 1.2 33 0.5 10.1 40

ST125 C-247799 26.1286 -97.9014

B 7.7 0.6 2.0 64 0.8 15.9 61

ST126 C-247800 26.0986 -97.9012

B 9.3 0.7 2.7 78 1.1 18.5 81

ST127 C-247801 26.1085 -97.8500

B 9.5 0.7 2.5 83 1.0 18.4 92

ST128 C-247802 26.1356 -97.8577

B 7.2 0.5 1.7 45 0.6 12.3 53

ST129 C-247803 26.1778 -97.8472

B 7.2 0.6 1.8 56 0.8 14.6 63
Table 1 45

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Th ICPMS-AES_Tl ICPMS-AES_U ICPMS-AES_V ICPMS-AES_W ICPMS-AES_Y ICPMS-AES_Zn

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST130 C-247804 26.2155 -97.8466 B 7.5 0.6 1.6 52 0.8 14.0 72ST131 C-247805 26.2466 -97.8634 L 7.3 0.5 1.7 53 0.9 15.0 57ST132 C-247806 26.3655 -97.9374 B 7.4 0.4 1.4 41 0.6 12.6 51ST133 C-247807 26.3937 -97.9325 B 4.4 0.3 1.1 29 0.4 8.0 28ST134 C-247808 26.4227 -97.9267 B 4.5 0.4 1.0 29 0.4 8.7 33ST135 C-247809 26.4504 -97.9144 B 4.7 0.4 1.0 28 0.4 8.9 34ST136 C-247811 26.4795 -97.9088 B 3.0 0.3 0.8 18 0.3 5.7 20ST137 C-247812 26.4851 -97.9489 B 3.0 0.3 0.7 16 0.3 4.9 19ST138 C-247813 26.4564 -97.9539 B 5.0 0.4 1.1 30 0.4 10.0 47ST139 C-247814 26.4063 -97.9628 B 3.1 0.3 1.6 18 0.3 6.0 22ST140 C-247815 26.3845 -97.9662 B 3.9 0.3 0.9 22 0.3 6.6 28ST141 C-247816 26.3559 -97.9724 B 4.5 0.4 0.9 26 0.4 8.7 29ST142 C-247817 26.3282 -97.9843 B 4.2 0.4 1.1 26 0.4 7.6 29ST143 C-247818 26.3067 -97.9931 B 3.4 0.3 1.0 24 0.3 7.0 27ST144 C-247823 26.3202 -98.0355 B 4.0 0.3 1.0 25 0.3 6.8 28ST145 C-247824 26.3497 -98.0306 B 4.5 0.4 1.2 39 0.4 9.6 34ST146 C-247825 26.3490 -98.0245 B 3.9 0.3 1.0 24 0.4 7.5 25ST147 C-247827 26.4070 -98.0197 B 4.1 0.3 0.9 22 0.4 7.6 27ST148 C-247828 26.4502 -98.0135 B 3.8 0.3 0.8 20 0.3 7.0 25ST149 C-247829 26.2889 -98.0054 B 3.5 0.3 0.8 18 0.3 6.2 19ST150 C-247830 26.4997 -98.0487 B 3.5 0.3 0.7 18 0.3 6.1 23ST151 C-247831 26.4707 -98.0538 B 2.8 0.3 0.6 14 0.2 4.7 15ST152 C-247832 26.4410 -98.0593 B 2.7 0.3 0.6 13 0.2 5.4 14ST153 C-247833 26.4124 -98.0644 B 3.4 0.3 0.8 20 0.2 6.7 22ST154 C-247834 26.3825 -98.0699 B 5.3 0.4 1.1 31 0.4 10.4 37ST155 C-247835 26.3534 -98.0751 B 4.5 0.4 1.0 27 0.4 7.7 28ST156 C-247836 26.3266 -98.0799 B 6.8 0.5 1.4 42 0.5 12.7 52ST157 C-247837 26.3617 -98.1178 B 4.1 0.4 0.9 23 0.3 7.6 29ST158 C-247838 26.3860 -98.1138 B 3.4 0.3 0.8 20 0.2 6.7 20ST159 C-247839 26.3995 -98.1385 B 3.2 0.3 0.7 16 0.2 5.7 16
46 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Th ICPMS-AES_Tl ICPMS-AES_U ICPMS-AES_V ICPMS-AES_W ICPMS-AES_Y ICPMS-AES_Zn ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST160 C-247840 26.4162 -98.1371

B 4.3 0.4 0.8 24 0.3 7.1 23

ST161 C-247841 26.4123 -98.1120

B 4.2 0.3 1.0 30 0.9 8.8 34

ST162 C-247842 26.4184 -98.1501

L 4.4 0.3 0.9 24 0.3 8.2 30

ST163 C-247843 26.4665 -98.2377

B 3.4 0.3 0.7 19 0.3 6.8 21

ST164 C-247844 26.4618 -98.2048

B 3.2 0.3 0.7 16 0.3 5.9 19

ST165 C-247845 26.4560 -98.1734

B 3.2 0.3 0.9 22 0.3 6.8 24

ST166 C-247846 26.4518 -98.1409

B 2.8 0.2 0.6 14 0.2 5.0 16

ST167 C-247847 26.5165 -98.1443

H 2.6 0.2 0.6 15 0.2 4.3 21

ST168 C-247848 26.5209 -98.1747

H 4.4 0.3 0.9 33 0.3 7.2 28

ST169 C-247849 26.5004 -98.1991

H 3.1 0.3 0.7 16 0.2 5.2 18

ST170 C-247850 26.4894 -98.1960

H 3.2 0.3 0.7 19 0.3 5.9 20

ST171 C-247851 26.4797 -98.1823

H 2.9 0.3 0.7 18 0.2 5.8 27

ST172 C-247852 26.4772 -98.1495

H 3.9 0.3 0.8 22 0.4 7.9 52

ST173 C-247853 26.4489 -98.1191

H 4.9 0.4 0.9 29 0.4 8.8 37

ST174 C-247854 26.4444 -98.0848

H 3.6 0.3 1.2 26 0.3 7.5 27

ST175 C-247855 26.2899 -97.9605

H 5.9 0.4 1.2 34 0.5 10.4 50

ST176 C-247857 26.2599 -97.9604

B 7.2 0.5 1.6 47 0.7 14.7 72

ST177 C-247858 26.2288 -97.9602

B 6.3 0.4 1.5 40 0.7 13.2 65

ST178 C-247859 26.1995 -97.9597

B 6.1 0.4 1.3 36 0.5 11.6 52

ST179 C-247860 26.1704 -97.9592

B 8.5 0.6 1.9 57 0.7 16.2 83

ST180 C-247861 26.1414 -97.9576

B 6.7 0.5 1.6 44 0.6 13.5 54

ST181 C-247743 26.1082 -97.9590

B 8.7 0.6 2.6 72 1.0 18.9 84

ST182 C-247744 26.0775 -97.9584

B 8.4 0.6 2.3 63 0.9 18.1 69

ST183 C-247746 26.0855 -97.9927

B 8.7 0.6 2.3 68 1.0 19.3 74

ST184 C-247747 26.0824 -98.0260

B 10.2 0.7 2.8 76 1.1 21.4 80

ST185 C-247748 26.0519 -98.0636

B 7.1 0.5 1.9 53 0.7 15.2 50

ST186 C-247749 26.0764 -98.0611

G 9.6 0.7 2.6 83 1.3 20.5 81

ST187 C-247750 26.1124 -98.0534

L 9.1 0.6 2.6 80 1.0 19.7 75

ST188 C-247751 26.1409 -98.0472

L 6.3 0.5 1.5 43 0.6 12.1 47

ST189 C-247752 26.1702 -98.0420

H 4.8 0.4 1.5 44 0.6 11.5 125
Table 1 47

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Th ICPMS-AES_Tl ICPMS-AES_U ICPMS-AES_V ICPMS-AES_W ICPMS-AES_Y ICPMS-AES_Zn

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST190 C-247753 26.1999 -98.0368 H 5.9 0.4 1.4 41 0.6 11.2 52ST191 C-247754 26.2290 -98.0375 H 6.9 0.5 1.4 47 0.7 13.4 55ST192 C-247755 26.2565 -98.0361 H 5.5 0.5 1.2 34 0.5 11.0 41ST193 C-247756 26.2856 -98.0373 H 4.7 0.4 1.0 30 0.4 9.0 37ST194 C-247757 26.3041 -98.0799 H 6.2 0.5 1.4 42 0.6 12.1 51ST195 C-247758 26.3329 -98.1230 H 5.5 0.4 1.2 39 0.5 11.0 39ST196 C-247759 26.3020 -98.1054 H 6.3 0.4 1.4 38 0.6 12.5 46ST197 C-247760 26.2844 -98.0649 H 6.9 0.5 1.5 55 0.7 13.5 57ST198 C-247761 26.2490 -98.0747 B 5.9 0.5 1.5 41 0.6 12.0 52ST199 C-247762 26.2199 -98.0793 B 6.0 0.4 1.2 38 0.5 10.9 43ST200 C-247763 26.1895 -98.0855 G 6.6 0.5 1.5 48 0.6 12.7 50ST201 C-247764 26.1351 -98.0821 G 9.7 0.7 2.8 88 1.1 19.8 78ST202 C-247765 26.1125 -98.0856 G 9.1 0.6 2.5 81 1.0 18.9 77ST203 C-247766 26.0810 -98.0908 G 9.5 0.7 2.7 80 1.2 19.3 76ST204 C-247767 26.0849 -98.1279 G 8.8 0.6 2.6 74 1.0 17.9 77ST205 C-247768 26.1185 -98.1334 G 9.8 0.7 2.8 92 0.9 20.0 90ST206 C-247769 26.1578 -98.1270 G 7.8 0.5 1.8 56 0.7 15.3 62ST207 C-247770 26.1876 -98.1222 G 4.0 0.4 1.0 24 0.4 7.2 45ST208 C-247771 26.2176 -98.1177 G 6.6 0.5 1.6 44 0.6 12.6 131ST209 C-247772 26.2533 -98.1102 G 6.6 0.5 1.3 45 0.6 13.4 57ST210 C-247773 26.2823 -98.1069 G 8.1 0.6 1.6 53 0.8 16.5 66ST211 C-247774 26.2994 -98.1385 L 6.3 0.5 1.3 43 0.6 12.0 49
48 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Al ICP16_Ca ICP16_Fe ICP16_K ICP16_Mg ICP16_Na ICP16_P ICP16_Si percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST001 C-247982 26.4547 -98.1632

G 3.10 0.75 1.00 1.51 0.21 0.56 0.02 36.67

ST002 C-247984 26.4645 -98.2207

G 2.40 0.26 0.60 1.40 0.09 0.59 0.01 38.64

ST003 C-247985 26.4699 -98.2609

G 2.17 0.89 0.58 1.28 0.13 0.46 0.01 37.29

ST004 C-247986 26.0846 -97.8620

H 5.35 8.97 2.25 1.89 0.77 1.00 0.10 23.32

ST005 C-247987 26.0737 -97.8355

H 6.31 8.27 2.80 2.09 1.04 0.75 0.14 21.68

ST006 C-247988 26.0728 -97.8046

H 5.17 8.34 2.16 1.83 0.73 1.35 0.08 24.03

ST007 C-247989 26.0562 -97.7719

H 5.69 7.36 2.46 1.99 0.83 0.98 0.09 24.02

ST008 C-247990 26.0519 -97.7398

H 5.68 8.06 2.52 1.96 0.90 0.80 0.12 22.54

ST009 C-247991 26.0431 -97.7066

H 5.67 8.13 2.43 1.94 0.82 0.88 0.10 22.67

ST010 C-247992 26.0447 -97.6712

H 5.40 7.50 2.16 2.06 0.70 1.06 0.11 24.88

ST011 C-247993 26.0265 -97.6402

H 5.52 8.69 2.37 1.92 0.83 0.87 0.11 22.03

ST012 C-247994 26.0189 -97.6075

H 6.50 6.69 2.85 2.16 0.96 0.77 0.11 22.99

ST013 C-247995 25.9932 -97.6020

H 4.87 7.19 2.20 1.93 0.61 1.08 0.14 25.05

ST014 C-247996 25.9621 -97.5776

H 5.81 9.25 2.61 1.83 0.88 0.86 0.08 22.16

ST015 C-247997 25.9439 -97.5463

H 5.92 9.86 2.60 1.70 0.92 0.84 0.08 21.21

ST016 C-247998 25.9258 -97.5200

H 5.55 8.69 2.43 1.82 0.83 0.83 0.09 22.10

ST017 C-247999 25.9285 -97.4891

H 5.97 5.01 2.49 2.05 0.88 0.94 0.11 25.51

ST018 C-248000 25.9145 -97.4547

H 5.21 6.60 2.15 1.89 0.76 0.88 0.11 24.64

ST019 C-248001 25.9176 -97.4185

H 5.46 8.26 2.69 1.88 0.86 0.79 0.18 21.64

ST020 C-248002 25.9179 -97.3816

H 3.82 12.00 1.50 1.43 0.68 0.79 0.07 21.60

ST021 C-248003 25.9449 -97.3522

H 1.86 0.97 0.81 0.77 0.13 0.61 <0.01 37.99

ST022 C-248004 25.9539 -97.3191

H 5.93 6.97 2.48 1.92 1.26 0.95 0.07 23.85

ST023 C-248005 25.9604 -97.2835

H 5.21 7.66 2.03 1.72 0.85 1.46 0.06 25.06

ST024 C-248006 25.9600 -97.2534

H 4.59 4.38 1.45 1.77 1.11 1.22 0.04 29.96

ST025 C-248007 25.9680 -97.2069

H 3.73 7.88 1.35 1.46 0.68 2.31 0.04 26.26

ST026 C-248008 25.9894 -97.1829

H 4.71 5.04 1.89 1.67 1.40 2.91 0.04 25.86

ST027 C-248010 25.9970 -97.1513

H 2.21 1.64 0.88 0.97 0.14 0.77 0.01 37.45

ST028 C-248011 26.4601 -98.1765

G 2.93 14.03 1.13 1.02 0.64 0.33 0.02 22.46

ST029 C-248012 26.4602 -98.1741

G 3.21 17.22 1.31 0.98 0.84 0.27 0.02 18.64

ST030 C-248013 25.9723 -97.5364

H 4.94 8.16 1.89 1.77 0.65 1.01 0.07 24.84
Table 1 49

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Al ICP16_Ca ICP16_Fe ICP16_K ICP16_Mg ICP16_Na ICP16_P ICP16_Si percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST031 C-248014 25.9783 -97.5047 H 5.48 8.49 2.35 1.70 0.76 1.02 0.06 24.08

ST032 C-248015 25.9817 -97.4744 H 5.36 8.91 2.23 1.68 0.77 1.02 0.06 23.39

ST033 C-248016 25.9831 -97.4461 H 5.87 8.41 2.49 1.78 0.98 0.79 0.07 22.34

ST034 C-248017 25.9502 -97.4194 H 6.00 6.43 2.56 2.08 1.03 0.89 0.12 24.04

ST035 C-248018 25.9487 -97.4453 H 4.90 13.02 2.10 1.50 0.86 0.63 0.06 19.33

ST036 C-248019 25.9508 -97.4783 H 5.15 6.94 1.98 1.83 0.69 1.16 0.06 26.28

ST037 C-248020 25.9499 -97.5080 H 4.85 6.92 2.04 1.79 0.73 0.88 0.11 22.87

ST107 C-247780 26.1184 -97.7855 B 5.40 8.75 2.39 1.76 1.03 0.41 0.14 18.07

ST108 C-247781 26.1438 -97.7816 B 4.77 1.82 1.73 2.03 0.52 0.89 0.04 30.81

ST109 C-247783 26.1753 -97.7839 B 4.81 4.96 1.82 1.89 0.61 0.84 0.06 27.33

ST110 C-247784 26.2079 -97.7862 B 5.23 2.33 2.05 2.15 0.64 0.84 0.05 29.29

ST111 C-247785 26.2375 -97.7869 B 4.25 0.88 1.21 1.84 0.32 0.95 0.04 29.22

ST112 C-247786 26.2663 -97.7870 B 4.96 5.06 1.97 1.98 0.77 0.90 0.09 26.90

ST113 C-247787 26.2961 -97.7873 B 3.85 0.63 1.20 1.85 0.31 1.01 0.03 31.38

ST114 C-247788 26.3011 -97.8261 B 3.95 0.69 1.23 1.83 0.28 0.93 0.04 32.12

ST115 C-247789 26.2631 -97.8257 B 5.36 3.18 2.21 2.25 0.82 0.83 0.09 27.36

ST116 C-247790 26.2719 -97.8638 B 3.78 2.27 1.25 1.96 0.40 0.87 0.11 32.27

ST117 C-247791 26.3026 -97.8644 B 4.16 0.96 1.35 1.92 0.34 0.97 0.04 31.76

ST118 C-247792 26.3422 -97.9251 B 3.29 1.09 1.06 1.61 0.31 0.66 0.03 33.96

ST119 C-247793 26.3148 -97.9290 B 4.47 0.58 1.60 1.82 0.46 0.64 0.05 31.25

ST120 C-247794 26.2812 -97.9285 B 3.87 1.72 1.46 1.86 0.45 0.71 0.04 31.69

ST121 C-247795 26.2656 -97.9119 B 4.69 5.57 1.89 1.84 0.84 0.67 0.08 25.86

ST122 C-247796 26.2365 -97.9114 B 4.62 2.09 1.74 1.94 0.56 0.74 0.05 30.43

ST123 C-247797 26.2066 -97.9111 B 4.37 3.97 1.66 1.73 0.53 0.78 0.05 27.85

ST124 C-247798 26.1781 -97.9106 B 3.86 2.59 1.18 1.84 0.38 0.87 0.05 31.69

ST125 C-247799 26.1286 -97.9014 B 5.16 6.95 2.11 1.93 0.76 0.75 0.09 24.43

ST126 C-247800 26.0986 -97.9012 B 5.61 10.73 2.47 1.79 1.05 0.57 0.12 19.16

ST127 C-247801 26.1085 -97.8500 B 5.83 9.81 2.58 1.91 1.12 0.59 0.13 19.44

ST128 C-247802 26.1356 -97.8577 B 4.62 2.83 1.65 2.00 0.55 0.84 0.07 29.95

ST129 C-247803 26.1778 -97.8472 B 5.17 2.07 1.96 2.13 0.67 0.85 0.07 28.98
50 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Al ICP16_Ca ICP16_Fe ICP16_K ICP16_Mg ICP16_Na ICP16_P ICP16_Si percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST130 C-247804 26.2155 -97.8466

B 5.11 1.81 1.92 2.19 0.66 0.84 0.08 29.02

ST131 C-247805 26.2466 -97.8634

L 4.90 4.40 1.72 1.92 0.64 0.71 0.07 22.48

ST132 C-247806 26.3655 -97.9374

B 4.25 3.72 1.60 1.83 0.66 0.93 0.05 27.99

ST133 C-247807 26.3937 -97.9325

B 3.06 1.83 1.17 1.44 0.28 0.69 0.02 33.56

ST134 C-247808 26.4227 -97.9267

B 3.48 1.20 1.14 1.74 0.35 0.63 0.03 33.31

ST135 C-247809 26.4504 -97.9144

B 3.30 1.20 1.06 1.47 0.33 0.62 0.02 33.41

ST136 C-247811 26.4795 -97.9088

B 2.38 0.32 0.65 1.27 0.14 0.51 0.02 36.29

ST137 C-247812 26.4851 -97.9489

B 2.31 0.23 0.61 1.31 0.12 0.54 <0.01 36.14

ST138 C-247813 26.4564 -97.9539

B 3.61 1.18 1.23 1.57 0.35 0.58 0.03 31.78

ST139 C-247814 26.4063 -97.9628

B 2.45 1.54 0.61 1.28 0.56 1.44 0.03 30.14

ST140 C-247815 26.3845 -97.9662

B 2.85 0.49 0.82 1.50 0.18 0.66 0.02 34.52

ST141 C-247816 26.3559 -97.9724

B 3.29 0.87 0.99 1.57 0.27 0.75 0.01 34.45

ST142 C-247817 26.3282 -97.9843

B 3.15 0.38 1.02 1.54 0.25 0.60 0.02 34.85

ST143 C-247818 26.3067 -97.9931

B 2.53 7.29 0.76 1.28 0.40 0.85 0.03 27.86

ST144 C-247823 26.3202 -98.0355

B 2.93 0.49 0.93 1.53 0.20 0.68 0.02 35.09

ST145 C-247824 26.3497 -98.0306

B 3.40 7.19 1.22 1.45 0.71 0.57 0.04 27.11

ST146 C-247825 26.3490 -98.0245

B 2.52 9.64 0.88 1.20 0.39 1.09 0.02 26.16

ST147 C-247827 26.4070 -98.0197

B 3.00 0.38 0.87 1.51 0.19 0.59 0.02 36.02

ST148 C-247828 26.4502 -98.0135

B 2.81 0.26 0.84 1.39 0.19 0.52 0.01 36.45

ST149 C-247829 26.2889 -98.0054

B 2.57 0.35 0.71 1.40 0.15 0.56 0.01 36.39

ST150 C-247830 26.4997 -98.0487

B 2.63 0.29 0.75 1.47 0.16 0.50 0.02 36.58

ST151 C-247831 26.4707 -98.0538

B 2.37 0.20 0.58 1.19 0.09 0.48 <0.01 32.92

ST152 C-247832 26.4410 -98.0593

B 2.12 0.40 0.51 1.26 0.11 0.50 <0.01 35.73

ST153 C-247833 26.4124 -98.0644

B 2.65 1.45 0.76 1.38 0.22 0.50 0.01 34.60

ST154 C-247834 26.3825 -98.0699

B 3.95 0.66 1.29 1.86 0.34 0.68 0.03 33.60

ST155 C-247835 26.3534 -98.0751

B 3.32 0.27 1.10 1.54 0.24 0.59 0.01 35.08

ST156 C-247836 26.3266 -98.0799

B 4.42 3.93 1.61 1.96 0.60 0.63 0.06 29.11

ST157 C-247837 26.3617 -98.1178

B 3.23 1.16 0.96 1.61 0.30 0.67 0.02 34.44

ST158 C-247838 26.3860 -98.1138

B 2.58 1.74 0.69 1.43 0.21 0.58 0.02 34.88

ST159 C-247839 26.3995 -98.1385

B 2.58 0.26 0.63 1.45 0.15 0.61 <0.01 36.16
 Table 1 51

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Al ICP16_Ca ICP16_Fe ICP16_K ICP16_Mg ICP16_Na ICP16_P ICP16_Si percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST160 C-247840 26.4162 -98.1371 B 3.02 0.41 0.89 1.59 0.18 0.69 <0.01 35.14

ST161 C-247841 26.4123 -98.1120 B 3.00 6.57 1.13 1.30 0.47 0.48 0.02 30.31

ST162 C-247842 26.4184 -98.1501 L 3.10 2.39 1.00 1.48 0.28 0.57 0.02 35.12

ST163 C-247843 26.4665 -98.2377 B 2.54 0.78 0.79 1.40 0.19 0.54 0.02 37.41

ST164 C-247844 26.4618 -98.2048 B 2.34 2.90 0.62 1.28 0.20 0.47 0.01 36.24

ST165 C-247845 26.4560 -98.1734 B 2.38 8.33 0.77 1.15 0.38 0.39 0.02 30.07

ST166 C-247846 26.4518 -98.1409 B 2.35 0.39 0.57 1.38 0.14 0.56 0.01 38.53

ST167 C-247847 26.5165 -98.1443 H 2.04 2.66 0.52 1.15 0.19 0.40 0.01 37.08

ST168 C-247848 26.5209 -98.1747 H 2.91 3.12 1.11 1.29 0.36 0.41 0.01 34.53

ST169 C-247849 26.5004 -98.1991 H 2.13 0.39 0.63 1.23 0.10 0.43 <0.01 37.52

ST170 C-247850 26.4894 -98.1960 H 2.65 0.50 0.80 1.40 0.14 0.42 0.01 38.00

ST171 C-247851 26.4797 -98.1823 H 2.25 3.22 0.70 1.18 0.24 0.36 0.01 35.55

ST172 C-247852 26.4772 -98.1495 H 3.07 1.62 0.96 1.52 0.36 0.58 0.04 33.16

ST173 C-247853 26.4489 -98.1191 H 3.53 1.09 1.25 1.65 0.32 0.55 0.02 34.82

ST174 C-247854 26.4444 -98.0848 H 2.68 8.83 0.87 1.20 0.43 0.46 0.03 28.66

ST175 C-247855 26.2899 -97.9605 H 3.78 1.66 1.39 1.78 0.43 0.66 0.04 34.28

ST176 C-247857 26.2599 -97.9604 B 5.14 2.26 2.07 2.22 0.71 0.69 0.09 30.96

ST177 C-247858 26.2288 -97.9602 B 4.51 2.02 1.73 1.96 0.66 0.90 0.05 31.27

ST178 C-247859 26.1995 -97.9597 B 4.28 2.35 1.53 1.89 0.44 0.79 0.05 32.58

ST179 C-247860 26.1704 -97.9592 B 5.44 2.75 2.28 2.25 0.79 0.67 0.10 29.61

ST180 C-247861 26.1414 -97.9576 B 4.85 1.62 1.75 1.96 0.52 0.89 0.06 32.60

ST181 C-247743 26.1082 -97.9590 B 5.50 8.40 2.38 1.90 0.97 0.79 0.12 21.87

ST182 C-247744 26.0775 -97.9584 B 5.17 9.57 2.16 1.82 0.86 0.87 0.09 22.17

ST183 C-247746 26.0855 -97.9927 B 5.56 9.12 2.34 1.91 0.99 0.80 0.11 21.52

ST184 C-247747 26.0824 -98.0260 B 5.92 8.90 2.56 1.89 1.06 0.75 0.13 21.34

ST185 C-247748 26.0519 -98.0636 B 4.80 6.95 1.79 1.82 0.59 1.20 0.06 26.46

ST186 C-247749 26.0764 -98.0611 G 6.01 10.20 2.68 1.81 1.17 0.59 0.12 19.52

ST187 C-247750 26.1124 -98.0534 L 5.73 11.12 2.54 1.79 1.08 0.55 0.10 19.34

ST188 C-247751 26.1409 -98.0472 L 4.49 3.70 1.65 1.76 0.52 0.79 0.04 30.35

ST189 C-247752 26.1702 -98.0420 H 3.43 11.11 1.46 1.34 0.67 0.54 0.05 23.12
52 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Al ICP16_Ca ICP16_Fe ICP16_K ICP16_Mg ICP16_Na ICP16_P ICP16_Si percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST190 C-247753 26.1999 -98.0368

H 4.08 2.61 1.51 1.82 0.52 0.75 0.05 31.31

ST191 C-247754 26.2290 -98.0375

H 4.54 3.26 1.79 2.01 0.72 0.80 0.06 29.48

ST192 C-247755 26.2565 -98.0361

H 3.80 1.18 1.32 1.68 0.42 0.64 0.03 31.11

ST193 C-247756 26.2856 -98.0373

H 3.54 3.55 1.13 1.67 0.46 0.87 0.04 30.37

ST194 C-247757 26.3041 -98.0799

H 4.41 2.50 1.67 1.95 0.70 0.64 0.06 30.31

ST195 C-247758 26.3329 -98.1230

H 3.77 4.69 1.38 1.65 0.57 0.81 0.03 25.18

ST196 C-247759 26.3020 -98.1054

H 4.10 2.16 1.53 1.88 0.56 0.72 0.04 31.18

ST197 C-247760 26.2844 -98.0649

H 4.74 4.55 1.86 1.95 0.77 0.62 0.06 26.88

ST198 C-247761 26.2490 -98.0747

B 4.12 4.18 1.56 1.79 0.68 0.67 0.06 29.41

ST199 C-247762 26.2199 -98.0793

B 3.99 1.81 1.44 1.88 0.45 0.76 0.03 32.59

ST200 C-247763 26.1895 -98.0855

G 4.34 6.37 1.66 1.71 0.66 0.70 0.05 26.56

ST201 C-247764 26.1351 -98.0821

G 5.91 12.26 2.64 1.69 1.18 0.46 0.11 17.48

ST202 C-247765 26.1125 -98.0856

G 5.47 11.85 2.39 1.72 1.04 0.57 0.09 18.56

ST203 C-247766 26.0810 -98.0908

G 5.72 10.47 2.53 1.80 1.05 0.65 0.13 19.42

ST204 C-247767 26.0849 -98.1279

G 5.28 10.59 2.29 1.79 1.03 0.69 0.11 19.83

ST205 C-247768 26.1185 -98.1334

G 5.96 12.01 2.67 1.78 1.12 0.54 0.10 17.24

ST206 C-247769 26.1578 -98.1270

G 4.88 6.68 2.08 1.94 0.95 0.62 0.07 24.82

ST207 C-247770 26.1876 -98.1222

G 3.09 1.45 0.93 1.59 0.24 0.71 0.03 34.19

ST208 C-247771 26.2176 -98.1177

G 4.42 2.82 1.79 1.95 0.64 0.69 0.08 29.87

ST209 C-247772 26.2533 -98.1102

G 4.58 1.17 1.77 2.04 0.62 0.63 0.05 30.78

ST210 C-247773 26.2823 -98.1069

G 5.43 1.85 2.20 2.44 0.88 0.65 0.07 28.13

ST211 C-247774 26.2994 -98.1385

L 4.24 1.80 1.62 1.87 0.54 0.62 0.04 31.15
Table 1 53

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Ti ICP16_Ba ICP16_Cr ICP16_Mn ICP16_Nb ICP16_Sr ICP16_Y ICP16_Zr percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST001 C-247982 26.4547 -98.1632 G 0.18 410 19 152 <10 89 13 266ST002 C-247984 26.4645 -98.2207 G 0.13 425 <10 128 <10 80 <10 189ST003 C-247985 26.4699 -98.2609 G 0.10 395 <10 114 <10 66 <10 199ST004 C-247986 26.0846 -97.8620 H 0.32 534 28 474 16 364 22 188ST005 C-247987 26.0737 -97.8355 H 0.33 457 32 558 15 340 25 157ST006 C-247988 26.0728 -97.8046 H 0.35 547 28 445 16 369 23 265ST007 C-247989 26.0562 -97.7719 H 0.34 508 31 510 16 325 24 234ST008 C-247990 26.0519 -97.7398 H 0.31 502 31 579 18 309 23 189ST009 C-247991 26.0431 -97.7066 H 0.33 496 29 509 17 319 23 211ST010 C-247992 26.0447 -97.6712 H 0.32 560 27 436 17 329 21 198ST011 C-247993 26.0265 -97.6402 H 0.31 494 26 549 17 298 22 164ST012 C-247994 26.0189 -97.6075 H 0.33 470 36 518 17 291 26 184ST013 C-247995 25.9932 -97.6020 H 0.30 560 27 461 14 287 22 229ST014 C-247996 25.9621 -97.5776 H 0.33 539 31 546 17 330 24 185ST015 C-247997 25.9439 -97.5463 H 0.32 494 31 578 18 360 24 160ST016 C-247998 25.9258 -97.5200 H 0.32 509 29 508 17 334 23 177ST017 C-247999 25.9285 -97.4891 H 0.33 538 32 619 19 272 24 190ST018 C-248000 25.9145 -97.4547 H 0.29 517 26 451 16 277 22 212ST019 C-248001 25.9176 -97.4185 H 0.32 527 66 592 18 365 22 177ST020 C-248002 25.9179 -97.3816 H 0.23 517 21 316 13 265 16 207ST021 C-248003 25.9449 -97.3522 H 0.26 299 20 269 <10 117 11 482ST022 C-248004 25.9539 -97.3191 H 0.33 478 30 411 17 306 23 191ST023 C-248005 25.9604 -97.2835 H 0.32 577 34 457 16 334 23 217ST024 C-248006 25.9600 -97.2534 H 0.26 539 18 307 14 260 17 257ST025 C-248007 25.9680 -97.2069 H 0.25 593 16 288 13 315 15 237ST026 C-248008 25.9894 -97.1829 H 0.26 673 23 332 13 278 18 204ST027 C-248010 25.9970 -97.1513 H 0.25 386 <10 202 14 144 11 365ST028 C-248011 26.4601 -98.1765 G 0.16 379 20 194 <10 155 11 184ST029 C-248012 26.4602 -98.1741 G 0.18 376 20 236 <10 138 12 188ST030 C-248013 25.9723 -97.5364 H 0.28 551 26 385 18 300 19 179
54 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Ti ICP16_Ba ICP16_Cr ICP16_Mn ICP16_Nb ICP16_Sr ICP16_Y ICP16_Zr percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST031 C-248014 25.9783 -97.5047

H 0.35 574 31 489 22 334 25 275

ST032 C-248015 25.9817 -97.4744

H 0.32 555 27 459 19 372 22 194

ST033 C-248016 25.9831 -97.4461

H 0.32 550 32 520 16 303 23 170

ST034 C-248017 25.9502 -97.4194

H 0.34 508 34 559 19 342 24 213

ST035 C-248018 25.9487 -97.4453

H 0.26 501 33 373 14 303 19 141

ST036 C-248019 25.9508 -97.4783

H 0.31 544 27 401 16 320 22 245

ST037 C-248020 25.9499 -97.5080

H 0.30 499 33 440 16 323 20 222

ST107 C-247780 26.1184 -97.7855

B 0.25 346 47 410 <10 250 19 113

ST108 C-247781 26.1438 -97.7816

B 0.24 459 26 327 <10 157 16 187

ST109 C-247783 26.1753 -97.7839

B 0.26 446 29 301 11 215 17 224

ST110 C-247784 26.2079 -97.7862

B 0.29 458 32 331 11 156 19 231

ST111 C-247785 26.2375 -97.7869

B 0.20 442 21 234 <10 167 11 197

ST112 C-247786 26.2663 -97.7870

B 0.28 439 34 332 10 219 18 263

ST113 C-247787 26.2961 -97.7873

B 0.20 470 18 231 <10 137 20 217

ST114 C-247788 26.3011 -97.8261

B 0.19 463 18 233 <10 136 13 181

ST115 C-247789 26.2631 -97.8257

B 0.30 433 57 411 <10 188 19 213

ST116 C-247790 26.2719 -97.8638

B 0.20 460 20 252 <10 172 13 169

ST117 C-247791 26.3026 -97.8644

B 0.21 484 20 259 <10 160 13 225

ST118 C-247792 26.3422 -97.9251

B 0.18 405 17 186 <10 103 11 240

ST119 C-247793 26.3148 -97.9290

B 0.23 402 26 310 <10 122 15 223

ST120 C-247794 26.2812 -97.9285

B 0.25 444 25 274 <10 113 16 271

ST121 C-247795 26.2656 -97.9119

B 0.27 1110 33 335 <10 230 18 241

ST122 C-247796 26.2365 -97.9114

B 0.25 443 46 319 <10 150 16 228

ST123 C-247797 26.2066 -97.9111

B 0.22 455 22 275 <10 180 15 153

ST124 C-247798 26.1781 -97.9106

B 0.16 474 19 211 <10 160 12 153

ST125 C-247799 26.1286 -97.9014

B 0.26 433 32 400 11 254 18 177

ST126 C-247800 26.0986 -97.9012

B 0.29 401 34 499 14 301 21 141

ST127 C-247801 26.1085 -97.8500

B 0.30 389 35 532 12 322 22 166

ST128 C-247802 26.1356 -97.8577

B 0.22 449 22 287 <10 177 15 146

ST129 C-247803 26.1778 -97.8472

B 0.25 452 43 325 11 182 17 157
Table 1 55

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Ti ICP16_Ba ICP16_Cr ICP16_Mn ICP16_Nb ICP16_Sr ICP16_Y ICP16_Zr percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST130 C-247804 26.2155 -97.8466 B 0.24 441 34 329 10 157 16 139ST131 C-247805 26.2466 -97.8634 L 0.23 409 23 303 <10 177 15 152ST132 C-247806 26.3655 -97.9374 B 0.23 399 25 311 <10 170 16 223ST133 C-247807 26.3937 -97.9325 B 0.27 457 26 184 <10 117 12 426ST134 C-247808 26.4227 -97.9267 B 0.19 402 21 197 <10 101 12 243ST135 C-247809 26.4504 -97.9144 B 0.17 376 17 174 <10 106 11 191ST136 C-247811 26.4795 -97.9088 B 0.13 367 13 112 <10 73 <10 187ST137 C-247812 26.4851 -97.9489 B 0.13 366 16 118 <10 67 <10 220ST138 C-247813 26.4564 -97.9539 B 0.19 387 19 228 <10 114 15 196ST139 C-247814 26.4063 -97.9628 B 0.12 383 14 128 <10 349 <10 130ST140 C-247815 26.3845 -97.9662 B 0.16 398 16 140 <10 86 10 217ST141 C-247816 26.3559 -97.9724 B 0.16 404 15 163 <10 103 10 194ST142 C-247817 26.3282 -97.9843 B 0.19 375 19 188 <10 88 11 287ST143 C-247818 26.3067 -97.9931 B 0.13 389 16 120 <10 168 <10 155ST144 C-247823 26.3202 -98.0355 B 0.20 423 17 162 <10 90 <10 322ST145 C-247824 26.3497 -98.0306 B 0.19 417 22 218 <10 148 12 206ST146 C-247825 26.3490 -98.0245 B 0.17 420 17 164 <10 272 <10 287ST147 C-247827 26.4070 -98.0197 B 0.17 405 17 154 <10 88 <10 268ST148 C-247828 26.4502 -98.0135 B 0.15 380 15 144 <10 76 <10 165ST149 C-247829 26.2889 -98.0054 B 0.14 383 15 125 <10 73 <10 216ST150 C-247830 26.4997 -98.0487 B 0.13 433 15 119 <10 72 <10 205ST151 C-247831 26.4707 -98.0538 B 0.10 386 10 <100 <10 72 <10 134ST152 C-247832 26.4410 -98.0593 B 0.12 367 <10 <100 <10 67 <10 191ST153 C-247833 26.4124 -98.0644 B 0.13 384 18 115 <10 79 <10 168ST154 C-247834 26.3825 -98.0699 B 0.22 454 21 251 <10 107 14 231ST155 C-247835 26.3534 -98.0751 B 0.20 386 19 172 <10 92 11 279ST156 C-247836 26.3266 -98.0799 B 0.24 421 24 304 <10 186 15 199ST157 C-247837 26.3617 -98.1178 B 0.16 414 14 160 <10 112 <10 177ST158 C-247838 26.3860 -98.1138 B 0.15 438 13 131 <10 105 <10 154ST159 C-247839 26.3995 -98.1385 B 0.12 391 11 100 <10 91 <10 194
56 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Ti ICP16_Ba ICP16_Cr ICP16_Mn ICP16_Nb ICP16_Sr ICP16_Y ICP16_Zr percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST160 C-247840 26.4162 -98.1371

B 0.20 419 18 145 <10 93 <10 348

ST161 C-247841 26.4123 -98.1120

B 0.15 612 18 216 <10 110 11 231

ST162 C-247842 26.4184 -98.1501

L 0.17 392 13 197 <10 99 12 220

ST163 C-247843 26.4665 -98.2377

B 0.16 391 11 152 <10 80 <10 260

ST164 C-247844 26.4618 -98.2048

B 0.10 436 <10 103 <10 84 <10 129

ST165 C-247845 26.4560 -98.1734

B 0.13 439 13 133 <10 130 <10 135

ST166 C-247846 26.4518 -98.1409

B 0.09 385 <10 <100 <10 88 <10 132

ST167 C-247847 26.5165 -98.1443

H 0.10 400 <10 <100 <10 83 <10 149

ST168 C-247848 26.5209 -98.1747

H 0.21 422 16 179 12 126 11 417

ST169 C-247849 26.5004 -98.1991

H 0.15 366 11 113 <10 58 <10 262

ST170 C-247850 26.4894 -98.1960

H 0.13 369 10 119 <10 57 <10 202

ST171 C-247851 26.4797 -98.1823

H 0.11 373 <10 111 <10 76 <10 160

ST172 C-247852 26.4772 -98.1495

H 0.15 422 16 220 <10 110 10 161

ST173 C-247853 26.4489 -98.1191

H 0.17 406 15 222 <10 170 12 194

ST174 C-247854 26.4444 -98.0848

H 0.13 368 12 145 <10 135 <10 152

ST175 C-247855 26.2899 -97.9605

H 0.24 401 21 257 12 134 15 323

ST176 C-247857 26.2599 -97.9604

B 0.27 421 25 277 14 168 19 222

ST177 C-247858 26.2288 -97.9602

B 0.26 450 24 326 15 189 17 276

ST178 C-247859 26.1995 -97.9597

B 0.22 433 24 259 12 160 15 217

ST179 C-247860 26.1704 -97.9592

B 0.29 408 28 430 16 180 20 209

ST180 C-247861 26.1414 -97.9576

B 0.24 521 22 306 13 180 18 258

ST181 C-247743 26.1082 -97.9590

B 0.32 451 39 493 11 328 21 184

ST182 C-247744 26.0775 -97.9584

B 0.31 505 34 442 11 342 20 177

ST183 C-247746 26.0855 -97.9927

B 0.31 444 35 524 12 354 21 168

ST184 C-247747 26.0824 -98.0260

B 0.32 441 38 519 10 334 29 178

ST185 C-247748 26.0519 -98.0636

B 0.31 587 29 404 10 352 19 248

ST186 C-247749 26.0764 -98.0611

G 0.30 415 37 504 11 342 22 152

ST187 C-247750 26.1124 -98.0534

L 0.30 401 36 523 <10 335 21 147

ST188 C-247751 26.1409 -98.0472

L 0.23 445 25 298 <10 194 15 182

ST189 C-247752 26.1702 -98.0420

H 0.22 511 30 265 <10 219 15 229
 Table 1 57

Table 1. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2003–04, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat, latitude in decimal degrees; Long, longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic unit described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 major elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICP16_Ti ICP16_Ba ICP16_Cr ICP16_Mn ICP16_Nb ICP16_Sr ICP16_Y ICP16_Zr percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST190 C-247753 26.1999 -98.0368 H 0.24 445 24 282 <10 150 14 249ST191 C-247754 26.2290 -98.0375 H 0.30 456 31 334 <10 156 17 290ST192 C-247755 26.2565 -98.0361 H 0.21 396 24 254 <10 118 13 229ST193 C-247756 26.2856 -98.0373 H 0.18 419 16 218 <10 200 11 187ST194 C-247757 26.3041 -98.0799 H 0.24 416 33 315 <10 163 15 241ST195 C-247758 26.3329 -98.1230 H 0.23 422 24 267 <10 194 15 219ST196 C-247759 26.3020 -98.1054 H 0.25 412 30 274 <10 137 16 282ST197 C-247760 26.2844 -98.0649 H 0.25 452 28 334 <10 177 16 226ST198 C-247761 26.2490 -98.0747 B 0.25 409 28 291 <10 163 15 247ST199 C-247762 26.2199 -98.0793 B 0.25 452 29 253 <10 131 16 382ST200 C-247763 26.1895 -98.0855 G 0.25 423 28 333 <10 190 16 255ST201 C-247764 26.1351 -98.0821 G 0.29 360 39 488 <10 340 21 117ST202 C-247765 26.1125 -98.0856 G 0.29 408 35 491 <10 324 20 135ST203 C-247766 26.0810 -98.0908 G 0.31 444 36 606 11 344 22 146ST204 C-247767 26.0849 -98.1279 G 0.29 454 34 515 10 319 21 141ST205 C-247768 26.1185 -98.1334 G 0.29 353 37 508 <10 357 22 120ST206 C-247769 26.1578 -98.1270 G 0.30 440 35 371 <10 222 19 265ST207 C-247770 26.1876 -98.1222 G 0.15 438 15 171 <10 123 <10 182ST208 C-247771 26.2176 -98.1177 G 0.27 438 32 319 <10 157 16 287ST209 C-247772 26.2533 -98.1102 G 0.27 398 31 337 <10 120 18 263ST210 C-247773 26.2823 -98.1069 G 0.32 419 37 447 11 130 20 251ST211 C-247774 26.2994 -98.1385 L 0.27 403 28 288 <10 122 15 286
58 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Al ICPMS-AES_Ca ICPMS-AES_Fe ICPMS-AES_K ICPMS-AES_Mg ICPMS-AES_Na ICPMS-AES_S percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST07_001 C-304058 26.3345 -97.7899

L 4.16 0.52 1.22 1.89 0.26 0.99 0.02

ST07_002 C-304059 26.3637 -97.7969

G 3.23 0.48 0.79 1.61 0.15 0.84 0.02

ST07_003 C-304060 26.3637 -97.7969

G 4.93 0.71 1.57 2.08 0.34 0.91 0.03

ST07_004 C-304061 26.3940 -97.7971

G 4.83 2.26 1.67 2.12 0.51 0.93 0.02

ST07_005 C-304062 26.4193 -97.7975

G 4.39 0.85 1.38 1.76 0.28 0.95 <0.01

ST07_006 C-304063 26.4153 -97.8056

L 3.97 0.51 1.12 1.77 0.21 0.96 <0.01

ST07_007 C-304064 26.4080 -97.8026

G 3.98 1.02 1.1 1.54 0.27 0.95 0.01

ST07_008 C-304065 26.4008 -97.7945

G 3.25 1.27 0.79 1.6 0.17 0.89 0.02

ST07_009 C-304066 26.4083 -97.7570

G 5.18 6.19 2.02 1.89 0.77 0.77 0.02

ST07_010 C-304067 26.4009 -97.7558

G 5.12 7.17 2.03 1.87 0.79 0.73 0.03

ST07_011 C-304068 26.3864 -97.7792

G 4.52 0.88 1.33 2.1 0.32 1.05 0.01

ST07_012 C-304069 26.3865 -97.7704

L 4.63 0.72 1.5 2.04 0.37 0.99 0.01

ST07_013 C-304070 26.3862 -97.7573

L 5.39 4.09 2.11 2.17 0.74 0.8 0.03

ST07_014 C-304071 26.3851 -97.7476

L 5.46 4.65 2.22 1.86 0.79 0.73 0.03

ST07_015 C-304072 26.3862 -97.7477

G 5.13 6.24 2.04 1.91 0.78 0.74 0.02

ST07_016 C-304073 26.3819 -97.7356

G 4.34 0.77 1.35 1.96 0.31 0.95 <0.01

ST07_017 C-304074 26.3719 -97.7397

G 4.39 0.61 1.36 1.94 0.31 0.97 0.01

ST07_018 C-304075 26.3719 -97.7454

G 3.53 0.45 0.95 1.65 0.17 0.95 <0.01

ST07_019 C-304076 26.3719 -97.7503

G 4.68 3.17 1.61 1.6 0.43 0.89 0.02

ST07_020 C-304077 26.3719 -97.7617

G 5.52 3.41 2.13 2.18 0.71 0.79 0.02

ST07_021 C-304078 26.3718 -97.7767

G 3.91 0.46 1 1.79 0.18 1.03 <0.01

ST07_022 C-304079 26.3766 -97.7808

G 4.02 0.5 1.25 1.77 0.23 0.97 <0.01

ST07_023 C-304080 26.4531 -97.7976

G 5.16 1.4 2 2.19 0.59 0.81 0.02

ST07_024 C-304081 26.4808 -97.7977

G 5.16 3.16 1.92 2.1 0.72 0.77 0.02

ST07_025 C-304082 26.4779 -97.8630

G 4.52 4.59 1.69 1.84 0.63 0.65 0.03

ST07_026 C-304083 26.4523 -97.8627

G 5.08 3.33 1.93 2.09 0.71 1.09 0.11

ST07_027 C-304084 26.4231 -97.8609

G 4.71 4.51 1.78 1.87 0.65 0.77 0.04

ST07_028 C-304085 26.3875 -97.8607

G 5.35 4.36 2 2.1 0.68 0.82 0.02

ST07_029 C-304086 26.3482 -97.8615

G 5.59 5.8 2.2 1.87 0.86 0.72 0.02
Table 2 59

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Al ICPMS-AES_Ca ICPMS-AES_Fe ICPMS-AES_K ICPMS-AES_Mg ICPMS-AES_Na ICPMS-AES_S percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST07_030 C-304087 26.4429 -97.7716 G 4.15 1.03 1.2 1.89 0.24 1.02 0.02ST07_031 C-304088 26.4301 -97.7677 G 4.13 2.74 1.22 1.82 0.4 0.95 0.01ST07_032 C-304089 26.4316 -97.7518 L 4.13 0.69 1.24 1.86 0.3 0.92 0.02ST07_033 C-304090 26.5035 -97.7365 L 5.22 3.1 2.03 2.07 0.79 0.9 0.13ST07_034 C-304091 26.4812 -97.7322 L 4.64 1.9 1.44 2.11 0.43 1.19 0.09ST07_035 C-304092 26.4543 -97.7318 L 3.95 0.53 1.12 1.76 0.21 0.99 <0.01ST07_036 C-304093 26.4229 -97.7336 L 5.48 6.98 2.21 1.99 0.88 0.77 0.03ST07_037 C-304094 26.4015 -97.7357 L 4.54 0.71 1.39 2.1 0.33 1.04 0.01ST07_038 C-304095 26.3571 -97.7356 H 4.26 0.88 1.31 1.82 0.31 0.94 <0.01ST07_039 C-304096 26.3312 -97.7357 H 3.88 0.53 1.07 1.77 0.22 1.03 0.01ST07_040 C-304097 26.3294 -97.6673 H 4.88 2.37 1.75 2 0.55 0.86 0.02ST07_041 C-304098 26.3566 -97.6731 H 4.84 0.66 1.67 2.08 0.38 0.93 0.01ST07_042 C-304099 26.3871 -97.6724 H 4.01 0.88 1.15 1.84 0.29 0.93 0.01ST07_043 C-304100 26.4257 -97.6733 H 4.37 0.9 1.37 2 0.35 1 0.01ST07_044 C-304101 26.4539 -97.6737 H 4.18 0.59 1.35 1.87 0.27 0.93 0.01ST07_045 C-304102 26.4801 -97.6740 H 5.42 3.73 2.1 2.18 0.75 0.77 0.02ST07_046 C-304103 26.4792 -97.6195 B 3.46 0.79 0.86 1.74 0.13 1 0.01ST07_047 C-304104 26.4533 -97.6163 B 3.41 0.41 0.88 1.62 0.13 0.94 <0.01ST07_048 C-304105 26.4245 -97.6138 B 3.44 0.42 0.87 1.67 0.13 0.95 <0.01ST07_049 C-304106 26.4022 -97.5999 L 4.76 0.9 1.66 2 0.46 0.91 0.02ST07_050 C-304107 26.3781 -97.5863 L 5.18 3.46 1.91 2.06 0.68 0.88 0.02ST07_051 C-304113 26.3559 -97.5860 L 4.88 1.64 1.78 1.99 0.54 0.89 0.02ST07_052 C-304114 26.3212 -97.5759 L 4.64 0.54 1.63 2.03 0.41 0.84 0.01ST07_053 C-304115 26.2834 -97.5864 L 4.54 1.33 1.49 1.98 0.4 0.92 0.01ST07_054 C-304116 26.2476 -97.5965 L 4.8 4.51 1.91 1.7 0.71 0.52 0.03ST07_055 C-304117 26.1696 -97.7833 B 4.68 6.41 1.74 1.81 0.78 1.25 0.71ST07_056 C-304118 26.2126 -97.8149 B 4.06 10.9 1.58 1.45 0.68 0.58 0.07ST07_057 C-304119 26.2486 -97.7383 B 4.18 1.26 1.55 1.92 0.38 0.95 0.02ST07_058 C-304120 26.2487 -97.6699 H 4.79 5.03 1.9 1.87 0.62 0.73 0.03
60 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Al ICPMS-AES_Ca ICPMS-AES_Fe ICPMS-AES_K ICPMS-AES_Mg ICPMS-AES_Na ICPMS-AES_S percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST07_059 C-304121 26.2768 -97.6619

H 4.81 0.88 1.66 2.1 0.4 0.91 0.02

ST07_060 C-304122 26.3103 -97.6627

H 4.34 0.72 1.14 2.01 0.28 1.05 0.02

ST07_061 C-304123 26.2310 -97.5573

H 4.47 1.29 1.68 1.79 0.48 0.61 0.02

ST07_062 C-304124 26.1864 -97.5646

H 4.9 3.89 1.96 1.97 0.67 0.7 0.03

ST07_063 C-304125 26.1878 -97.5916

B 5.49 6.04 2.28 1.96 0.89 0.59 0.04

ST07_064 C-304126 26.1544 -97.6114

B 6.35 6.71 2.66 2.12 0.93 0.9 0.03

ST07_065 C-304127 26.1138 -97.6478

B 6.88 6.95 2.99 2.25 1.11 0.67 0.04

ST07_066 C-304128 26.0733 -97.6916

B 6.54 8.28 2.83 2.04 1.11 0.65 0.05

ST07_067 C-304129 26.0979 -97.7194

L 5.92 6.21 2.39 2.11 0.85 0.97 0.04

ST07_068 C-304130 26.1194 -97.7373

L 6.61 8.3 2.85 2.07 1.07 0.64 0.04
 Table 2 61

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ti ICPMS-AES_Ag ICPMS-AES_As ICPMS-AES_Ba ICPMS-AES_Be ICPMS-AES_Bi ICPMS-AES_Cd percent ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST07_001 C-304058 26.3345 -97.7899 L 0.15 <1 5 518 1.8 0.12 0.1ST07_002 C-304059 26.3637 -97.7969 G 0.1 <1 4 479 1.1 0.1 <0.1ST07_003 C-304060 26.3637 -97.7969 G 0.18 <1 5 534 2 0.17 0.2ST07_004 C-304061 26.3940 -97.7971 G 0.2 <1 6 505 1.8 0.15 0.2ST07_005 C-304062 26.4193 -97.7975 G 0.18 <1 6 535 1.6 0.13 0.1ST07_006 C-304063 26.4153 -97.8056 L 0.15 <1 4 519 1.4 0.1 0.1ST07_007 C-304064 26.4080 -97.8026 G 0.14 <1 6 522 1.4 0.1 0.1ST07_008 C-304065 26.4008 -97.7945 G 0.1 <1 4 482 1.2 0.07 0.1ST07_009 C-304066 26.4083 -97.7570 G 0.23 <1 8 464 2.1 0.19 0.3ST07_010 C-304067 26.4009 -97.7558 G 0.22 <1 10 449 2 0.19 0.3

ST07_011 C-304068 26.3864 -97.7792 G 0.17 <1 4 540 1.6 0.12 0.1

ST07_012 C-304069 26.3865 -97.7704 L 0.18 <1 6 534 1.7 0.17 0.2ST07_013 C-304070 26.3862 -97.7573 L 0.23 <1 10 474 2.1 0.2 0.3ST07_014 C-304071 26.3851 -97.7476 L 0.24 <1 6 452 2 0.22 0.3ST07_015 C-304072 26.3862 -97.7477 G 0.22 <1 10 440 2 0.21 0.3ST07_016 C-304073 26.3819 -97.7356 G 0.18 <1 6 530 1.5 0.14 0.2ST07_017 C-304074 26.3719 -97.7397 G 0.17 <1 6 513 1.6 0.13 0.2ST07_018 C-304075 26.3719 -97.7454 G 0.14 <1 4 499 1.2 0.1 <0.1ST07_019 C-304076 26.3719 -97.7503 G 0.2 <1 4 498 1.7 0.15 0.3ST07_020 C-304077 26.3719 -97.7617 G 0.24 <1 7 456 2.1 0.22 0.3ST07_021 C-304078 26.3718 -97.7767 G 0.14 <1 4 526 1.2 0.1 <0.1ST07_022 C-304079 26.3766 -97.7808 G 0.17 <1 4 509 1.2 0.1 0.1ST07_023 C-304080 26.4531 -97.7976 G 0.21 <1 8 520 1.9 0.21 0.3ST07_024 C-304081 26.4808 -97.7977 G 0.21 <1 5 534 1.9 0.19 0.3ST07_025 C-304082 26.4779 -97.8630 G 0.2 <1 7 465 1.5 0.18 0.3ST07_026 C-304083 26.4523 -97.8627 G 0.23 <1 10 486 1.8 0.23 0.3ST07_027 C-304084 26.4231 -97.8609 G 0.21 <1 8 483 1.7 0.18 0.3ST07_028 C-304085 26.3875 -97.8607 G 0.22 <1 6 496 1.8 0.18 0.3ST07_029 C-304086 26.3482 -97.8615 G 0.23 <1 10 518 1.8 0.21 0.3
62 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ti ICPMS-AES_Ag ICPMS-AES_As ICPMS-AES_Ba ICPMS-AES_Be ICPMS-AES_Bi ICPMS-AES_Cd percent ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST07_030 C-304087 26.4429 -97.7716

G 0.16 <1 7 527 1.2 0.12 0.1

ST07_031 C-304088 26.4301 -97.7677

G 0.16 <1 5 579 1.2 0.11 0.1

ST07_032 C-304089 26.4316 -97.7518

L 0.15 <1 5 493 1.4 0.12 0.1

ST07_033 C-304090 26.5035 -97.7365

L 0.22 <1 7 476 1.8 0.21 0.3

ST07_034 C-304091 26.4812 -97.7322

L 0.18 <1 6 555 1.4 0.13 0.1

ST07_035 C-304092 26.4543 -97.7318

L 0.16 <1 5 530 1.1 0.1 <0.1

ST07_036 C-304093 26.4229 -97.7336

L 0.25 <1 10 480 1.9 0.22 0.3

ST07_037 C-304094 26.4015 -97.7357

L 0.17 <1 5 531 1.5 0.13 0.2

ST07_038 C-304095 26.3571 -97.7356

H 0.17 <1 5 661 1.3 0.12 0.1

ST07_039 C-304096 26.3312 -97.7357

H 0.15 <1 3 522 1.2 0.11 <0.1

ST07_040 C-304097 26.3294 -97.6673

H 0.21 <1 6 467 1.5 0.16 0.2

ST07_041 C-304098 26.3566 -97.6731

H 0.21 <1 6 532 1.6 0.15 0.2

ST07_042 C-304099 26.3871 -97.6724

H 0.14 <1 4 512 1.4 0.12 0.1

ST07_043 C-304100 26.4257 -97.6733

H 0.17 <1 7 519 1.2 0.14 0.1

ST07_044 C-304101 26.4539 -97.6737

H 0.18 <1 6 517 1.2 0.11 0.2

ST07_045 C-304102 26.4801 -97.6740

H 0.24 <1 7 453 1.6 0.2 0.3

ST07_046 C-304103 26.4792 -97.6195

B 0.13 <1 7 610 1 0.09 0.1

ST07_047 C-304104 26.4533 -97.6163

B 0.13 <1 4 472 1.1 0.07 <0.1

ST07_048 C-304105 26.4245 -97.6138

B 0.13 <1 5 511 1 0.08 <0.1

ST07_049 C-304106 26.4022 -97.5999

L 0.19 <1 8 505 1.6 0.18 0.2

ST07_050 C-304107 26.3781 -97.5863

L 0.22 <1 13 445 1.5 0.21 0.3

ST07_051 C-304113 26.3559 -97.5860

L 0.2 <1 6 474 1.5 0.16 0.2

ST07_052 C-304114 26.3212 -97.5759

L 0.17 <1 5 466 1.5 0.16 0.2

ST07_053 C-304115 26.2834 -97.5864

L 0.17 <1 4 500 1.3 0.14 0.2

ST07_054 C-304116 26.2476 -97.5965

L 0.2 <1 8 385 1.6 0.17 0.3

ST07_055 C-304117 26.1696 -97.7833

B 0.18 <1 8 394 1.4 0.23 0.2

ST07_056 C-304118 26.2126 -97.8149

B 0.16 <1 7 437 1.2 0.22 0.3

ST07_057 C-304119 26.2486 -97.7383

B 0.16 <1 7 492 1.3 0.18 0.2

ST07_058 C-304120 26.2487 -97.6699

H 0.18 <1 8 451 1.3 0.18 0.2
Table 2 63

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ti ICPMS-AES_Ag ICPMS-AES_As ICPMS-AES_Ba ICPMS-AES_Be ICPMS-AES_Bi ICPMS-AES_Cd percent ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST07_059 C-304121 26.2768 -97.6619 H 0.18 <1 6 508 1.4 0.2 0.2ST07_060 C-304122 26.3103 -97.6627 H 0.16 <1 17 564 1.1 0.22 0.1ST07_061 C-304123 26.2310 -97.5573 H 0.17 <1 7 411 1.2 0.2 0.2ST07_062 C-304124 26.1864 -97.5646 H 0.21 <1 8 443 1.3 0.21 0.3ST07_063 C-304125 26.1878 -97.5916 B 0.23 <1 7 405 1.6 0.22 0.4ST07_064 C-304126 26.1544 -97.6114 B 0.27 <1 12 532 1.8 0.24 0.3ST07_065 C-304127 26.1138 -97.6478 B 0.29 <1 10 465 2.3 0.27 0.4ST07_066 C-304128 26.0733 -97.6916 B 0.27 <1 15 427 2.1 0.44 0.4ST07_067 C-304129 26.0979 -97.7194 L 0.26 <1 14 510 1.9 0.29 0.3ST07_068 C-304130 26.1194 -97.7373 L 0.27 <1 12 421 2 0.3 0.4
64 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ce ICPMS-AES_Co ICPMS-AES_Cr ICPMS-AES_Cs ICPMS-AES_Cu ICPMS-AES_Ga ICPMS-AES_In ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST07_001 C-304058 26.3345 -97.7899

L 33.8 4.2 16 <5 8.2 9.26 0.02

ST07_002 C-304059 26.3637 -97.7969

G 24.8 2.4 11 <5 8.6 6.86 <0.02

ST07_003 C-304060 26.3637 -97.7969

G 39.1 6 21 <5 16.6 11.2 0.03

ST07_004 C-304061 26.3940 -97.7971

G 35.4 5.2 22 <5 16.7 10.7 0.03

ST07_005 C-304062 26.4193 -97.7975

G 38.1 4.6 18 <5 18.6 10.1 0.03

ST07_006 C-304063 26.4153 -97.8056

L 31.6 3.6 14 <5 8.4 8.46 0.02

ST07_007 C-304064 26.4080 -97.8026

G 29 3.4 14 <5 8.8 8.56 0.02

ST07_008 C-304065 26.4008 -97.7945

G 22.5 2.4 10 <5 4.6 6.83 <0.02

ST07_009 C-304066 26.4083 -97.7570

G 41.3 6.7 24 5 14.8 11.5 0.04

ST07_010 C-304067 26.4009 -97.7558

G 42.9 7.3 26 6 15.2 11.8 0.04

ST07_011 C-304068 26.3864 -97.7792

G 36 4.1 16 <5 8.6 9.76 0.03

ST07_012 C-304069 26.3865 -97.7704

L 38.1 4.9 19 <5 10.5 10.2 0.03

ST07_013 C-304070 26.3862 -97.7573

L 44.2 7.4 29 6 19.7 12.6 0.04

ST07_014 C-304071 26.3851 -97.7476

L 45.1 7.7 30 6 20.4 12.6 0.05

ST07_015 C-304072 26.3862 -97.7477

G 41.4 7.4 29 6 16.6 12.5 0.04

ST07_016 C-304073 26.3819 -97.7356

G 39.7 4.6 18 <5 10.7 10.2 0.03

ST07_017 C-304074 26.3719 -97.7397

G 39 4.7 18 <5 10.5 10 0.03

ST07_018 C-304075 26.3719 -97.7454

G 26.9 2.7 12 <5 4.6 7.75 <0.02

ST07_019 C-304076 26.3719 -97.7503

G 36.3 5.2 21 <5 10.1 10.4 0.03

ST07_020 C-304077 26.3719 -97.7617

G 42.8 7.7 27 6 18.1 12.3 0.04

ST07_021 C-304078 26.3718 -97.7767

G 28.5 2.9 12 <5 7.1 7.99 <0.02

ST07_022 C-304079 26.3766 -97.7808

G 29.9 3.8 15 <5 7.4 8.42 0.02

ST07_023 C-304080 26.4531 -97.7976

G 42.3 6.6 25 5 18.3 11.8 0.04

ST07_024 C-304081 26.4808 -97.7977

G 43.1 6.6 25 5 16.1 12 0.04

ST07_025 C-304082 26.4779 -97.8630

G 39.7 6.1 24 <5 15.4 10.3 0.04

ST07_026 C-304083 26.4523 -97.8627

G 42.2 6.5 27 <5 19.1 11.5 0.04

ST07_027 C-304084 26.4231 -97.8609

G 39.7 5.9 24 <5 13.1 10.7 0.04

ST07_028 C-304085 26.3875 -97.8607

G 42.1 6.5 27 5 15 11.5 0.04

ST07_029 C-304086 26.3482 -97.8615

G 42.4 7 30 6 16.4 12.2 0.04
 Table 2 65

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ce ICPMS-AES_Co ICPMS-AES_Cr ICPMS-AES_Cs ICPMS-AES_Cu ICPMS-AES_Ga ICPMS-AES_In

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST07_030 C-304087 26.4429 -97.7716 G 31.4 3.6 15 <5 9.3 8.72 0.02ST07_031 C-304088 26.4301 -97.7677 G 32.3 3.7 15 <5 6.9 8.76 0.02ST07_032 C-304089 26.4316 -97.7518 L 33.2 3.7 15 <5 9.8 8.79 0.02ST07_033 C-304090 26.5035 -97.7365 L 41.8 6.6 28 6 19.2 11.9 0.04ST07_034 C-304091 26.4812 -97.7322 L 37.3 4.3 18 <5 8.9 9.59 0.03ST07_035 C-304092 26.4543 -97.7318 L 30.4 3.2 15 <5 5.6 8.51 0.02ST07_036 C-304093 26.4229 -97.7336 L 47 7.5 30 6 15.7 12.9 0.05ST07_037 C-304094 26.4015 -97.7357 L 34.6 4.5 17 <5 10.7 10.4 0.03ST07_038 C-304095 26.3571 -97.7356 H 36.2 4.2 16 <5 7.6 9.42 0.02ST07_039 C-304096 26.3312 -97.7357 H 28.3 2.9 13 <5 8.5 8.12 <0.02ST07_040 C-304097 26.3294 -97.6673 H 37.9 5.7 23 <5 12.2 10.5 0.04ST07_041 C-304098 26.3566 -97.6731 H 40.5 5.8 21 <5 12.9 10.7 0.03ST07_042 C-304099 26.3871 -97.6724 H 35 3.7 14 <5 7.5 8.88 0.02ST07_043 C-304100 26.4257 -97.6733 H 34.3 4.2 17 <5 10.1 9.21 0.03ST07_044 C-304101 26.4539 -97.6737 H 32 4.1 17 <5 8.5 8.58 0.02ST07_045 C-304102 26.4801 -97.6740 H 43.6 6.6 29 5 18 11.7 0.04ST07_046 C-304103 26.4792 -97.6195 B 29 2.9 11 <5 5.7 7.2 <0.02ST07_047 C-304104 26.4533 -97.6163 B 28.2 2.5 11 <5 4.8 7.06 <0.02ST07_048 C-304105 26.4245 -97.6138 B 27 2.5 11 <5 4.8 7.1 <0.02ST07_049 C-304106 26.4022 -97.5999 L 37.7 5.4 22 <5 15 10.5 0.03ST07_050 C-304107 26.3781 -97.5863 L 39.5 6.2 24 <5 17.6 11.1 0.04ST07_051 C-304113 26.3559 -97.5860 L 38.6 5.6 22 <5 13.3 10.5 0.03ST07_052 C-304114 26.3212 -97.5759 L 36.7 5 18 <5 11.5 10.5 0.03ST07_053 C-304115 26.2834 -97.5864 L 37.4 4.5 17 <5 10.4 10 0.03ST07_054 C-304116 26.2476 -97.5965 L 35.6 6.2 25 <5 13.3 10.5 0.04ST07_055 C-304117 26.1696 -97.7833 B 41.1 6 23 5 17.6 10.5 0.04ST07_056 C-304118 26.2126 -97.8149 B 33.5 5.9 21 <5 21.6 9.16 0.03ST07_057 C-304119 26.2486 -97.7383 B 34.1 4.5 17 <5 18.4 9.58 0.03ST07_058 C-304120 26.2487 -97.6699 H 34.8 5.5 23 <5 18.8 10.4 0.04
66 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Ce ICPMS-AES_Co ICPMS-AES_Cr ICPMS-AES_Cs ICPMS-AES_Cu ICPMS-AES_Ga ICPMS-AES_In ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST07_059 C-304121 26.2768 -97.6619

H 42.4 5.8 22 <5 19.2 11.2 0.03

ST07_060 C-304122 26.3103 -97.6627

H 40.7 3.8 15 <5 14.6 9.3 0.03

ST07_061 C-304123 26.2310 -97.5573

H 35.7 4.7 22 <5 16.2 9.75 0.03

ST07_062 C-304124 26.1864 -97.5646

H 40.9 6.2 25 <5 15.8 10.5 0.04

ST07_063 C-304125 26.1878 -97.5916

B 44.7 7.7 31 6 16.5 12.3 0.04

ST07_064 C-304126 26.1544 -97.6114

B 52.4 9.1 32 7 17.4 14.2 0.05

ST07_065 C-304127 26.1138 -97.6478

B 56.8 10.3 37 9 19.9 16.5 0.06

ST07_066 C-304128 26.0733 -97.6916

B 54.3 9 38 10 44 15.4 0.06

ST07_067 C-304129 26.0979 -97.7194

L 49.7 7.9 30 7 27.6 13.4 0.05

ST07_068 C-304130 26.1194 -97.7373

L 51.5 9.8 38 9 27.5 15.3 0.06
Table 2 67

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_La ICPMS-AES_Li ICPMS-AES_Mn ICPMS-AES_Mo ICPMS-AES_Nb ICPMS-AES_Ni ICPMS-AES_P

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST07_001 C-304058 26.3345 -97.7899 L 18.7 15 237 0.53 8 7 200ST07_002 C-304059 26.3637 -97.7969 G 14 11 151 0.34 5.8 4.5 250ST07_003 C-304060 26.3637 -97.7969 G 23 19 386 0.47 9.8 10.5 420ST07_004 C-304061 26.3940 -97.7971 G 21.5 19 295 0.41 9.2 11.8 700ST07_005 C-304062 26.4193 -97.7975 G 20.5 17 265 0.47 8.9 8.6 150ST07_006 C-304063 26.4153 -97.8056 L 17.5 13 222 0.38 7.1 6.3 110ST07_007 C-304064 26.4080 -97.8026 G 15.9 13 195 0.34 6.9 6.1 190ST07_008 C-304065 26.4008 -97.7945 G 12.9 11 155 0.36 5.4 4.2 230ST07_009 C-304066 26.4083 -97.7570 G 24 28 354 0.4 10 13.8 630ST07_010 C-304067 26.4009 -97.7558 G 24.7 29 352 0.38 10.3 13.6 770

ST07_011 C-304068 26.3864 -97.7792 G 20.6 16 236 0.37 8.3 7.2 350

ST07_012 C-304069 26.3865 -97.7704 L 22.1 17 290 0.42 8.7 9 330ST07_013 C-304070 26.3862 -97.7573 L 25.5 26 443 0.48 10.6 16.2 970ST07_014 C-304071 26.3851 -97.7476 L 26.1 27 466 0.43 10.5 17.4 980ST07_015 C-304072 26.3862 -97.7477 G 24.2 28 371 0.48 10.7 15.1 820ST07_016 C-304073 26.3819 -97.7356 G 24.3 16 240 0.37 8.8 8.4 290ST07_017 C-304074 26.3719 -97.7397 G 20.9 16 273 0.47 8.5 8.6 330ST07_018 C-304075 26.3719 -97.7454 G 14.7 12 175 0.36 6.5 4.3 120ST07_019 C-304076 26.3719 -97.7503 G 22.1 20 296 0.48 9.2 10.2 330ST07_020 C-304077 26.3719 -97.7617 G 25.2 26 375 0.45 10.4 16.1 790ST07_021 C-304078 26.3718 -97.7767 G 15.9 13 199 0.35 6.7 4.8 120ST07_022 C-304079 26.3766 -97.7808 G 16.3 13 246 0.39 7 6.4 170ST07_023 C-304080 26.4531 -97.7976 G 24.6 22 350 0.48 10.1 13.3 800ST07_024 C-304081 26.4808 -97.7977 G 25.1 25 348 0.41 8.5 13.5 690ST07_025 C-304082 26.4779 -97.8630 G 23.2 23 328 0.42 8.1 13.3 480ST07_026 C-304083 26.4523 -97.8627 G 24.4 25 371 0.51 10.2 16.2 520ST07_027 C-304084 26.4231 -97.8609 G 23.8 25 307 0.38 9.4 11.7 460ST07_028 C-304085 26.3875 -97.8607 G 23.2 25 340 0.45 4.6 14.2 670ST07_029 C-304086 26.3482 -97.8615 G 24.7 33 360 0.44 9.8 14.7 840
68 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_La ICPMS-AES_Li ICPMS-AES_Mn ICPMS-AES_Mo ICPMS-AES_Nb ICPMS-AES_Ni ICPMS-AES_P ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST07_030 C-304087 26.4429 -97.7716

G 17.1 16 233 0.46 7 7.4 160

ST07_031 C-304088 26.4301 -97.7677

G 17.8 15 229 0.37 7.3 6.6 210

ST07_032 C-304089 26.4316 -97.7518

L 18.2 16 229 0.4 7.3 6.9 290

ST07_033 C-304090 26.5035 -97.7365

L 24.6 28 373 0.51 9.6 14.9 800

ST07_034 C-304091 26.4812 -97.7322

L 21.3 18 265 0.41 8.2 8.2 340

ST07_035 C-304092 26.4543 -97.7318

L 16.9 14 202 0.42 6.8 6.4 120

ST07_036 C-304093 26.4229 -97.7336

L 26.9 33 404 0.63 11.1 15 750

ST07_037 C-304094 26.4015 -97.7357

L 21.4 17 273 0.44 8.7 7.9 350

ST07_038 C-304095 26.3571 -97.7356

H 19.4 16 251 0.4 8.3 7 250

ST07_039 C-304096 26.3312 -97.7357

H 15.8 13 192 0.36 6.8 7.5 210

ST07_040 C-304097 26.3294 -97.6673

H 22.6 21 315 0.45 9 11.6 530

ST07_041 C-304098 26.3566 -97.6731

H 24 18 395 0.45 9.7 9.7 410

ST07_042 C-304099 26.3871 -97.6724

H 19 14 226 0.37 7.2 6.7 250

ST07_043 C-304100 26.4257 -97.6733

H 19.8 16 273 0.39 7.8 9 320

ST07_044 C-304101 26.4539 -97.6737

H 19.3 15 295 0.44 7.8 7.6 260

ST07_045 C-304102 26.4801 -97.6740

H 25.4 26 378 0.48 7 15.6 650

ST07_046 C-304103 26.4792 -97.6195

B 16 12 220 0.42 6.6 4.6 150

ST07_047 C-304104 26.4533 -97.6163

B 15.6 12 169 0.36 6.1 4.2 120

ST07_048 C-304105 26.4245 -97.6138

B 14.6 12 154 0.38 6.1 4.8 100

ST07_049 C-304106 26.4022 -97.5999

L 22.2 19 338 0.44 8.8 11.8 560

ST07_050 C-304107 26.3781 -97.5863

L 23.3 25 379 0.41 9.5 15.3 750

ST07_051 C-304113 26.3559 -97.5860

L 22.6 22 341 0.45 9.2 11.3 500

ST07_052 C-304114 26.3212 -97.5759

L 21.6 19 272 0.42 8.9 9.9 410

ST07_053 C-304115 26.2834 -97.5864

L 19.9 18 249 0.36 8.1 8.8 380

ST07_054 C-304116 26.2476 -97.5965

L 19.3 24 348 0.38 8.5 12.9 560

ST07_055 C-304117 26.1696 -97.7833

B 20.8 30 297 0.87 8.6 14.7 660

ST07_056 C-304118 26.2126 -97.8149

B 17.7 23 279 0.74 7 16.9 580

ST07_057 C-304119 26.2486 -97.7383

B 20.7 17 277 0.59 8.1 15.7 390

ST07_058 C-304120 26.2487 -97.6699

H 20.9 23 258 0.56 8.1 14 480
 Table 2 69

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_La ICPMS-AES_Li ICPMS-AES_Mn ICPMS-AES_Mo ICPMS-AES_Nb ICPMS-AES_Ni ICPMS-AES_P

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST07_059 C-304121 26.2768 -97.6619 H 24.8 19 344 0.45 9.4 14.9 370ST07_060 C-304122 26.3103 -97.6627 H 23.3 16 214 0.52 7.9 10.3 200ST07_061 C-304123 26.2310 -97.5573 H 21.1 21 277 0.39 7.3 11 470ST07_062 C-304124 26.1864 -97.5646 H 24 24 358 0.54 9.4 13.3 830ST07_063 C-304125 26.1878 -97.5916 B 25.6 30 408 0.46 10.4 16.1 1,030ST07_064 C-304126 26.1544 -97.6114 B 30 38 502 1.09 12 16.2 850ST07_065 C-304127 26.1138 -97.6478 B 31.7 43 534 0.7 14.2 20.3 1,240ST07_066 C-304128 26.0733 -97.6916 B 29.9 46 457 0.62 12 43 1,010ST07_067 C-304129 26.0979 -97.7194 L 28.6 34 505 0.85 11.9 21.2 1,020ST07_068 C-304130 26.1194 -97.7373 L 29.1 42 534 0.87 12.6 23.8 1,400
70 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Pb ICPMS-AES_Rb ICPMS-AES_Sb ICPMS-AES_Sc ICPMS-AES_Sn ICPMS-AES_Sr ICPMS-AES_Te ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST07_001 C-304058 26.3345 -97.7899

L 14 71.3 0.6 3.8 1 137 <0.1

ST07_002 C-304059 26.3637 -97.7969

G 15.7 57.8 0.62 2.2 0.9 119 <0.1

ST07_003 C-304060 26.3637 -97.7969

G 21 79.5 0.75 5.2 1.4 144 <0.1

ST07_004 C-304061 26.3940 -97.7971

G 16.7 72.8 0.69 5.3 1.4 162 <0.1

ST07_005 C-304062 26.4193 -97.7975

G 14.8 69.4 0.65 4.3 1.1 153 <0.1

ST07_006 C-304063 26.4153 -97.8056

L 12.3 64.5 0.52 3.2 0.9 133 <0.1

ST07_007 C-304064 26.4080 -97.8026

G 12.3 54.5 0.58 3.4 0.9 139 <0.1

ST07_008 C-304065 26.4008 -97.7945

G 10.1 55.5 0.49 2.3 0.9 133 <0.1

ST07_009 C-304066 26.4083 -97.7570

G 16.5 74.4 0.79 6.8 4.7 206 <0.1

ST07_010 C-304067 26.4009 -97.7558

G 16.5 74.9 0.82 7.1 1.5 213 <0.1

ST07_011 C-304068 26.3864 -97.7792

G 14.4 72.8 0.6 4.1 1 155 <0.1

ST07_012 C-304069 26.3865 -97.7704

L 15.2 72.9 0.66 4.7 1.2 145 <0.1

ST07_013 C-304070 26.3862 -97.7573

L 17.1 83.5 0.91 7.2 1.5 193 <0.1

ST07_014 C-304071 26.3851 -97.7476

L 16.8 82.9 0.82 7.5 1.5 196 <0.1

ST07_015 C-304072 26.3862 -97.7477

G 15.7 77.3 0.87 7.2 1.4 208 <0.1

ST07_016 C-304073 26.3819 -97.7356

G 14.9 72.1 0.63 4.5 1.1 138 <0.1

ST07_017 C-304074 26.3719 -97.7397

G 15.2 73.1 0.64 4.4 1.2 145 <0.1

ST07_018 C-304075 26.3719 -97.7454

G 11.8 59.9 0.49 2.7 0.7 129 <0.1

ST07_019 C-304076 26.3719 -97.7503

G 14 63.3 0.62 5.3 1.3 172 <0.1

ST07_020 C-304077 26.3719 -97.7617

G 16.5 81.1 0.83 7 2.1 171 <0.1

ST07_021 C-304078 26.3718 -97.7767

G 14.1 62.1 0.58 2.8 0.8 137 <0.1

ST07_022 C-304079 26.3766 -97.7808

G 13.6 60.7 0.51 3.3 0.8 138 <0.1

ST07_023 C-304080 26.4531 -97.7976

G 20.8 79.2 0.88 6.4 2.1 147 <0.1

ST07_024 C-304081 26.4808 -97.7977

G 19.3 79.5 0.7 6.6 1.5 180 <0.1

ST07_025 C-304082 26.4779 -97.8630

G 14.6 68.1 0.74 5.7 1.9 192 <0.1

ST07_026 C-304083 26.4523 -97.8627

G 17.5 76.6 0.87 6.3 1.4 190 <0.1

ST07_027 C-304084 26.4231 -97.8609

G 17 69.8 0.75 5.9 1.2 165 <0.1

ST07_028 C-304085 26.3875 -97.8607

G 15.9 75.9 0.67 6.4 2.6 195 <0.1

ST07_029 C-304086 26.3482 -97.8615

G 17.1 74.3 0.83 7.3 1.6 250 <0.1
Table 2 71

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Pb ICPMS-AES_Rb ICPMS-AES_Sb ICPMS-AES_Sc ICPMS-AES_Sn ICPMS-AES_Sr ICPMS-AES_Te

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST07_030 C-304087 26.4429 -97.7716 G 13.3 65.1 0.57 3.3 1.1 152 <0.1ST07_031 C-304088 26.4301 -97.7677 G 13.2 64.5 0.63 3.6 1 165 <0.1ST07_032 C-304089 26.4316 -97.7518 L 13.4 65.3 0.57 3.6 0.8 135 <0.1ST07_033 C-304090 26.5035 -97.7365 L 17.5 75.4 0.82 6.8 1.6 194 <0.1ST07_034 C-304091 26.4812 -97.7322 L 14.5 70 0.64 4.3 1 181 <0.1ST07_035 C-304092 26.4543 -97.7318 L 11.7 63.5 0.54 3.1 0.7 136 <0.1ST07_036 C-304093 26.4229 -97.7336 L 16.7 79.6 0.87 7.6 5.8 252 <0.1ST07_037 C-304094 26.4015 -97.7357 L 15 73.8 0.65 4.4 1.2 152 <0.1ST07_038 C-304095 26.3571 -97.7356 H 13.4 66.3 0.57 3.9 1.1 143 <0.1ST07_039 C-304096 26.3312 -97.7357 H 12.3 61.9 0.58 2.9 0.7 144 <0.1ST07_040 C-304097 26.3294 -97.6673 H 14.6 70.5 0.69 5.5 1.4 164 <0.1ST07_041 C-304098 26.3566 -97.6731 H 17.3 73.7 0.75 5.1 1.5 141 <0.1ST07_042 C-304099 26.3871 -97.6724 H 13.1 65.9 0.56 3.5 0.8 129 <0.1ST07_043 C-304100 26.4257 -97.6733 H 13.3 67.1 0.63 3.7 2 152 <0.1ST07_044 C-304101 26.4539 -97.6737 H 13.2 63.3 0.6 3.5 1 133 <0.1ST07_045 C-304102 26.4801 -97.6740 H 15.2 75.2 0.75 6.5 1.5 164 <0.1ST07_046 C-304103 26.4792 -97.6195 B 15.3 59.7 0.54 2.1 0.7 131 <0.1ST07_047 C-304104 26.4533 -97.6163 B 11.2 55.7 0.52 2.2 0.6 128 <0.1ST07_048 C-304105 26.4245 -97.6138 B 11.1 58.3 0.49 2.2 0.7 126 <0.1ST07_049 C-304106 26.4022 -97.5999 L 23.4 72.9 0.82 5 4.2 138 <0.1ST07_050 C-304107 26.3781 -97.5863 L 17.5 74.3 0.91 5.9 1.7 164 <0.1ST07_051 C-304113 26.3559 -97.5860 L 16.5 73.2 0.7 5.3 1.3 157 <0.1ST07_052 C-304114 26.3212 -97.5759 L 14.6 75.2 0.63 5 1.1 125 <0.1ST07_053 C-304115 26.2834 -97.5864 L 15 69.6 0.63 4.5 0.9 137 <0.1ST07_054 C-304116 26.2476 -97.5965 L 14.9 68 0.76 6 1.7 156 <0.1ST07_055 C-304117 26.1696 -97.7833 B 15.1 68.5 0.74 5.8 1.5 342 <0.1ST07_056 C-304118 26.2126 -97.8149 B 90.9 57.6 0.96 5 1.6 245 <0.1ST07_057 C-304119 26.2486 -97.7383 B 34.2 70.8 0.7 4.1 1.5 151 <0.1ST07_058 C-304120 26.2487 -97.6699 H 20.8 69.5 0.76 5.3 1.4 170 <0.1
72 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Pb ICPMS-AES_Rb ICPMS-AES_Sb ICPMS-AES_Sc ICPMS-AES_Sn ICPMS-AES_Sr ICPMS-AES_Te ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST07_059 C-304121 26.2768 -97.6619

H 18.3 79.1 0.69 5.2 1.5 138 <0.1

ST07_060 C-304122 26.3103 -97.6627

H 15.3 69.1 0.98 3.5 1.2 157 <0.1

ST07_061 C-304123 26.2310 -97.5573

H 42.1 67.2 0.74 4.9 1.9 129 <0.1

ST07_062 C-304124 26.1864 -97.5646

H 20.6 73 0.83 5.6 7.4 162 <0.1

ST07_063 C-304125 26.1878 -97.5916

B 17.9 78.4 0.88 7.1 2.6 223 <0.1

ST07_064 C-304126 26.1544 -97.6114

B 24.1 86.9 0.91 7.9 2.5 313 <0.1

ST07_065 C-304127 26.1138 -97.6478

B 20.9 100 1.02 10.1 2.3 279 <0.1

ST07_066 C-304128 26.0733 -97.6916

B 20.2 92.4 1.23 9.4 2.5 306 <0.1

ST07_067 C-304129 26.0979 -97.7194

L 19.8 86.8 1.04 7.5 1.9 321 <0.1

ST07_068 C-304130 26.1194 -97.7373

L 20.3 90.4 1.05 9.3 2.3 324 <0.1
 Table 2 73

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Th ICPMS-AES_Tl ICPMS-AES_U ICPMS-AES_V ICPMS-AES_W ICPMS-AES_Y ICPMS-AES_Zn

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST07_001 C-304058 26.3345 -97.7899 L 5.4 0.4 1.2 31 0.5 11.3 31ST07_002 C-304059 26.3637 -97.7969 G 4.1 0.4 1 20 0.4 7.9 24ST07_003 C-304060 26.3637 -97.7969 G 7 0.5 1.5 35 0.7 15.6 49ST07_004 C-304061 26.3940 -97.7971 G 6.6 0.5 1.4 40 0.7 13.9 51ST07_005 C-304062 26.4193 -97.7975 G 6.1 0.5 1.3 35 0.5 12.2 38ST07_006 C-304063 26.4153 -97.8056 L 5 0.4 1.1 27 0.6 9.9 28ST07_007 C-304064 26.4080 -97.8026 G 4.7 0.4 1.1 25 0.4 9.5 29ST07_008 C-304065 26.4008 -97.7945 G 3.5 0.4 0.9 19 0.4 7.4 21ST07_009 C-304066 26.4083 -97.7570 G 7.5 0.6 1.5 56 0.8 16.2 53ST07_010 C-304067 26.4009 -97.7558 G 7.9 0.6 1.6 55 0.8 16.9 56

ST07_011 C-304068 26.3864 -97.7792 G 5.6 0.5 1.2 31 0.5 12.1 35

ST07_012 C-304069 26.3865 -97.7704 L 6.5 0.5 1.3 35 0.6 13.2 40ST07_013 C-304070 26.3862 -97.7573 L 8 0.6 1.6 52 0.8 17.4 66ST07_014 C-304071 26.3851 -97.7476 L 8.3 0.6 1.6 53 0.9 17.5 69ST07_015 C-304072 26.3862 -97.7477 G 7.7 0.6 1.6 55 0.9 16.9 59ST07_016 C-304073 26.3819 -97.7356 G 6.8 0.5 1.4 33 0.5 12.9 36ST07_017 C-304074 26.3719 -97.7397 G 6.3 0.5 1.4 33 0.6 12.9 37ST07_018 C-304075 26.3719 -97.7454 G 4.4 0.4 1 25 0.4 8 22ST07_019 C-304076 26.3719 -97.7503 G 6.7 0.5 1.3 33 0.7 14.3 42ST07_020 C-304077 26.3719 -97.7617 G 7.8 0.6 1.5 51 1 17.2 63ST07_021 C-304078 26.3718 -97.7767 G 4.7 0.4 1.1 26 0.4 8.4 26ST07_022 C-304079 26.3766 -97.7808 G 4.9 0.4 1.1 32 0.4 9.2 28ST07_023 C-304080 26.4531 -97.7976 G 7.7 0.6 1.5 46 0.8 15.7 72ST07_024 C-304081 26.4808 -97.7977 G 7.6 0.6 1.6 46 0.3 16.3 57ST07_025 C-304082 26.4779 -97.8630 G 7.2 0.5 1.4 44 0.7 14.4 44ST07_026 C-304083 26.4523 -97.8627 G 7.7 0.6 1.5 47 0.9 15.9 52ST07_027 C-304084 26.4231 -97.8609 G 7.6 0.5 1.4 36 0.9 14.7 44ST07_028 C-304085 26.3875 -97.8607 G 7.6 0.6 1.5 52 0.6 16.2 56ST07_029 C-304086 26.3482 -97.8615 G 8.2 0.6 1.6 65 0.8 16.3 61
74 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Th ICPMS-AES_Tl ICPMS-AES_U ICPMS-AES_V ICPMS-AES_W ICPMS-AES_Y ICPMS-AES_Zn ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ST07_030 C-304087 26.4429 -97.7716

G 5.2 0.4 1.2 30 0.4 10 29

ST07_031 C-304088 26.4301 -97.7677

G 4.9 0.4 1.2 31 0.6 10.5 29

ST07_032 C-304089 26.4316 -97.7518

L 5.6 0.4 1.1 23 0.5 10.8 32

ST07_033 C-304090 26.5035 -97.7365

L 7.9 0.6 1.6 37 0.9 15.6 62

ST07_034 C-304091 26.4812 -97.7322

L 6.6 0.5 1.3 36 0.6 12 37

ST07_035 C-304092 26.4543 -97.7318

L 4.9 0.4 1 24 0.4 9.6 25

ST07_036 C-304093 26.4229 -97.7336

L 8.6 0.6 2 52 1 18.3 59

ST07_037 C-304094 26.4015 -97.7357

L 6.2 0.5 1.3 32 0.6 12.8 39

ST07_038 C-304095 26.3571 -97.7356

H 5.8 0.5 1.3 32 0.6 11.6 33

ST07_039 C-304096 26.3312 -97.7357

H 4.5 0.4 1 20 0.4 9.1 25

ST07_040 C-304097 26.3294 -97.6673

H 6.9 0.5 1.4 45 0.7 13.6 48

ST07_041 C-304098 26.3566 -97.6731

H 7.1 0.5 1.5 37 0.7 15.1 44

ST07_042 C-304099 26.3871 -97.6724

H 5.1 0.5 1.2 29 0.5 10.8 31

ST07_043 C-304100 26.4257 -97.6733

H 5.6 0.5 1.8 32 0.5 12.6 35

ST07_044 C-304101 26.4539 -97.6737

H 5.6 0.4 1.2 33 0.5 11.4 34

ST07_045 C-304102 26.4801 -97.6740

H 7.6 0.6 1.5 53 0.7 16.2 59

ST07_046 C-304103 26.4792 -97.6195

B 4.6 0.4 1.2 22 0.4 8.7 23

ST07_047 C-304104 26.4533 -97.6163

B 4.3 0.4 1 23 0.4 7.8 20

ST07_048 C-304105 26.4245 -97.6138

B 4 0.4 1 24 0.3 8 20

ST07_049 C-304106 26.4022 -97.5999

L 6.6 0.5 1.3 42 0.7 13.3 50

ST07_050 C-304107 26.3781 -97.5863

L 7.1 0.5 1.4 45 0.7 15.1 52

ST07_051 C-304113 26.3559 -97.5860

L 6.7 0.5 1.3 43 0.7 14.1 50

ST07_052 C-304114 26.3212 -97.5759

L 6.4 0.5 1.3 40 0.7 13.1 46

ST07_053 C-304115 26.2834 -97.5864

L 5.9 0.5 1.2 37 0.6 12.2 41

ST07_054 C-304116 26.2476 -97.5965

L 6.6 0.5 1.3 54 0.8 13.4 52

ST07_055 C-304117 26.1696 -97.7833

B 6.2 0.5 1.6 53 0.7 13.5 49

ST07_056 C-304118 26.2126 -97.8149

B 5.4 0.4 1.6 48 0.6 12.3 53

ST07_057 C-304119 26.2486 -97.7383

B 5.6 0.5 1.3 34 0.6 12 44

ST07_058 C-304120 26.2487 -97.6699

H 6.1 0.5 1.3 46 0.8 13.4 55
 Table 2 75

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit ICPMS-AES_Th ICPMS-AES_Tl ICPMS-AES_U ICPMS-AES_V ICPMS-AES_W ICPMS-AES_Y ICPMS-AES_Zn

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

ST07_059 C-304121 26.2768 -97.6619 H 7.2 0.5 1.5 41 0.7 14.8 49ST07_060 C-304122 26.3103 -97.6627 H 6.1 0.5 1.3 28 0.7 11.3 30ST07_061 C-304123 26.2310 -97.5573 H 6 0.5 1.1 43 0.6 11.7 65ST07_062 C-304124 26.1864 -97.5646 H 7 0.5 1.4 52 0.8 14.8 70ST07_063 C-304125 26.1878 -97.5916 B 7.9 0.6 1.7 61 1 16.8 67ST07_064 C-304126 26.1544 -97.6114 B 9.4 0.6 2.2 76 1.1 19.3 75ST07_065 C-304127 26.1138 -97.6478 B 10.8 0.8 2.4 84 1.4 23.4 93ST07_066 C-304128 26.0733 -97.6916 B 10 0.7 2.4 88 1.4 21.1 87ST07_067 C-304129 26.0979 -97.7194 L 9.1 0.6 2.2 64 1.1 19.7 76ST07_068 C-304130 26.1194 -97.7373 L 9.5 0.7 2.4 85 1.3 21.5 89
76 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit XRF_Al2O3 XRF_CaO XRF_Cr2O3 XRF_Fe2O3 XRF_K2O XRF_LOI XRF_MgO percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST07_001 C-304058 26.3345 -97.7899

L 8.01 0.7 <0.01 1.82 2.4 3.4 0.47

ST07_002 C-304059 26.3637 -97.7969

G 6.31 0.68 <0.01 1.19 2.02 3.52 0.28

ST07_003 C-304060 26.3637 -97.7969

G 8.62 1.31 <0.01 2.05 2.36 8.32 0.55

ST07_004 C-304061 26.3940 -97.7971

G 8.84 3.01 <0.01 2.33 2.51 6.16 0.86

ST07_005 C-304062 26.4193 -97.7975

G 8.22 1.14 0.01 2.06 2.27 3.75 0.49

ST07_006 C-304063 26.4153 -97.8056

L 7.57 0.71 <0.01 1.64 2.17 2.64 0.37

ST07_007 C-304064 26.4080 -97.8026

G 7.44 1.38 <0.01 1.58 2.3 3.55 0.48

ST07_008 C-304065 26.4008 -97.7945

G 6.28 1.8 <0.01 1.22 1.96 4.12 0.31

ST07_009 C-304066 26.4083 -97.7570

G 9.56 8.56 0.01 2.84 2.26 12.2 1.3

ST07_010 C-304067 26.4009 -97.7558

G 9.88 10.3 <0.01 2.97 2.24 14 1.41

ST07_011 C-304068 26.3864 -97.7792

G 8.47 1.17 <0.01 1.99 2.44 3.73 0.54

ST07_012 C-304069 26.3865 -97.7704

L 8.78 0.95 <0.01 2.2 2.53 4.15 0.63

ST07_013 C-304070 26.3862 -97.7573

L 10.1 5.71 <0.01 3.05 2.65 10.1 1.29

ST07_014 C-304071 26.3851 -97.7476

L 10.4 6.74 <0.01 3.27 2.65 11.4 1.41

ST07_015 C-304072 26.3862 -97.7477

G 9.85 8.91 <0.01 2.99 2.33 13 1.38

ST07_016 C-304073 26.3819 -97.7356

G 8.45 1.05 <0.01 2.05 2.5 3.68 0.56

ST07_017 C-304074 26.3719 -97.7397

G 8.53 0.83 <0.01 2.1 2.47 4.18 0.54

ST07_018 C-304075 26.3719 -97.7454

G 6.89 0.63 <0.01 1.51 2.17 1.94 0.33

ST07_019 C-304076 26.3719 -97.7503

G 8.66 4.3 <0.01 2.31 2.28 7.2 0.76

ST07_020 C-304077 26.3719 -97.7617

G 10.4 4.69 <0.01 3.04 2.72 9.14 1.22

ST07_021 C-304078 26.3718 -97.7767

G 7.21 0.6 <0.01 1.45 2.2 2.27 0.32

ST07_022 C-304079 26.3766 -97.7808

G 7.43 0.68 <0.01 1.92 2.16 2.89 0.39

ST07_023 C-304080 26.4531 -97.7976

G 9.75 1.93 <0.01 2.86 2.69 6.58 1

ST07_024 C-304081 26.4808 -97.7977

G 9.45 4.39 0.03 2.71 2.49 8.9 1.2

ST07_025 C-304082 26.4779 -97.8630

G 8.34 6.41 <0.01 2.37 2.21 9.84 1.09

ST07_026 C-304083 26.4523 -97.8627

G 8.99 4.3 <0.01 2.64 2.3 9.22 1.13

ST07_027 C-304084 26.4231 -97.8609

G 8.58 6.17 <0.01 2.47 2.12 9.91 1.08

ST07_028 C-304085 26.3875 -97.8607

G 9.67 5.94 <0.01 2.78 2.48 9.61 1.11

ST07_029 C-304086 26.3482 -97.8615

G 10 7.78 <0.01 3.07 2.27 11.9 1.45
Table 2 77

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit XRF_Al2O3 XRF_CaO XRF_Cr2O3 XRF_Fe2O3 XRF_K2O XRF_LOI XRF_MgO percent percent percent percent percent percent percent

ST07_030 C-304087 26.4429 -97.7716 G 7.29 1.26 <0.01 1.66 2.23 3.09 0.4ST07_031 C-304088 26.4301 -97.7677 G 7.34 3.6 <0.01 1.73 2.13 5.34 0.66ST07_032 C-304089 26.4316 -97.7518 L 7.56 0.88 <0.01 1.7 2.33 3.11 0.49ST07_033 C-304090 26.5035 -97.7365 L 9.72 4.37 <0.01 2.89 2.56 9.68 1.34ST07_034 C-304091 26.4812 -97.7322 L 8.38 2.53 <0.01 2.01 2.42 5.92 0.72ST07_035 C-304092 26.4543 -97.7318 L 7.36 0.72 <0.01 1.57 2.12 2.46 0.41ST07_036 C-304093 26.4229 -97.7336 L 10.2 9.95 0.01 3.19 2.36 13.4 1.54ST07_037 C-304094 26.4015 -97.7357 L 8.59 0.98 <0.01 2.1 2.58 4.09 0.61ST07_038 C-304095 26.3571 -97.7356 H 8.15 1.22 <0.01 1.99 2.31 3.66 0.57ST07_039 C-304096 26.3312 -97.7357 H 7.15 0.7 <0.01 1.6 2.25 2.24 0.36ST07_040 C-304097 26.3294 -97.6673 H 9.65 3.51 <0.01 2.71 2.64 7.39 1.02ST07_041 C-304098 26.3566 -97.6731 H 9.1 0.9 <0.01 2.34 2.63 5.13 0.66ST07_042 C-304099 26.3871 -97.6724 H 7.72 1.21 <0.01 1.74 2.33 3.5 0.5ST07_043 C-304100 26.4257 -97.6733 H 8.06 1.2 <0.01 1.95 2.44 3.7 0.59ST07_044 C-304101 26.4539 -97.6737 H 8.12 0.82 <0.01 2.02 2.41 3.91 0.51ST07_045 C-304102 26.4801 -97.6740 H 9.97 5.3 <0.01 2.98 2.59 9.45 1.31ST07_046 C-304103 26.4792 -97.6195 B 6.63 1.09 <0.01 1.27 2.18 2.61 0.25ST07_047 C-304104 26.4533 -97.6163 B 6.56 0.56 <0.01 1.36 2.14 2.03 0.26ST07_048 C-304105 26.4245 -97.6138 B 6.62 0.56 <0.01 1.35 2.14 1.67 0.25ST07_049 C-304106 26.4022 -97.5999 L 9.07 1.23 <0.01 2.49 2.58 5.25 0.77ST07_050 C-304107 26.3781 -97.5863 L 9.55 4.85 <0.01 2.68 2.55 8.67 1.14ST07_051 C-304113 26.3559 -97.5860 L 9.26 2.2 0.01 2.59 2.49 6.06 0.92ST07_052 C-304114 26.3212 -97.5759 L 8.87 0.73 <0.01 2.36 2.49 4.58 0.71ST07_053 C-304115 26.2834 -97.5864 L 8.41 1.81 <0.01 2.13 2.4 5.51 0.68ST07_054 C-304116 26.2476 -97.5965 L 9.06 6.41 0.01 2.77 2.1 11.9 1.23ST07_055 C-304117 26.1696 -97.7833 B 8.57 8.94 <0.01 2.51 1.92 13.6 1.36ST07_056 C-304118 26.2126 -97.8149 B 7.62 15.7 0.01 2.35 1.69 19.2 1.22ST07_057 C-304119 26.2486 -97.7383 B 8.3 1.71 <0.01 2.02 2.44 4.99 0.78ST07_058 C-304120 26.2487 -97.6699 H 8.67 6.79 <0.01 2.45 2.17 10.4 1.01
78 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit XRF_Al2O3 XRF_CaO XRF_Cr2O3 XRF_Fe2O3 XRF_K2O XRF_LOI XRF_MgO percent percent percent percent percent percent percent ST07_059 C-304121 26.2768 -97.6619

H 9.42 1.22 <0.01 2.46 2.59 5.72 0.71

ST07_060 C-304122 26.3103 -97.6627

H 7.96 0.75 <0.01 1.71 2.42 3.11 0.43

ST07_061 C-304123 26.2310 -97.5573

H 8.56 1.79 <0.01 2.41 2.21 5.7 0.91

ST07_062 C-304124 26.1864 -97.5646

H 9.24 5.52 <0.01 2.96 2.4 10.1 1.18

ST07_063 C-304125 26.1878 -97.5916

B 10.2 8.41 <0.01 3.26 2.32 14 1.55

ST07_064 C-304126 26.1544 -97.6114

B 11.5 9.34 <0.01 3.77 2.48 13.2 1.59

ST07_065 C-304127 26.1138 -97.6478

B 12.7 9.93 <0.01 4.2 2.67 16 1.9

ST07_066 C-304128 26.0733 -97.6916

B 12.4 12.1 0.01 4.12 2.36 17.8 1.97

ST07_067 C-304129 26.0979 -97.7194

L 11.2 9.01 <0.01 3.53 2.6 13.2 1.52

ST07_068 C-304130 26.1194 -97.7373

L 12 11.6 <0.01 4 2.48 17 1.82
Table 2 79

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit XRF_MnO XRF_Na2O XRF_P2O5 XRF_SiO2 XRF_TiO2 As_AAS Se_AAS Hg_CVAAS percent percent percent percent percent ppm ppm ppm

ST07_001 C-304058 26.3345 -97.7899 L 0.03 1.46 0.05 80.3 0.36 3.6 <0.2 <0.01ST07_002 C-304059 26.3637 -97.7969 G 0.02 1.18 0.04 83.4 0.22 2.8 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_003 C-304060 26.3637 -97.7969 G 0.06 1.19 0.09 74.1 0.35 3.7 0.3 0.02

ST07_004 C-304061 26.3940 -97.7971 G 0.05 1.17 0.16 73.8 0.42 3.9 0.3 <0.01ST07_005 C-304062 26.4193 -97.7975 G 0.05 1.33 <0.01 79.7 0.41 4.7 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_006 C-304063 26.4153 -97.8056 L 0.04 1.3 0.03 82.2 0.33 3 <0.2 <0.01ST07_007 C-304064 26.4080 -97.8026 G 0.03 1.27 0.05 80.2 0.33 4.4 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_008 C-304065 26.4008 -97.7945 G 0.03 1.22 0.06 81.8 0.24 2.7 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_009 C-304066 26.4083 -97.7570 G 0.05 1.02 0.14 61.3 0.48 7.7 0.3 <0.01ST07_010 C-304067 26.4009 -97.7558 G 0.04 1.04 0.18 56.2 0.5 9.6 0.2 <0.01

ST07_011 C-304068 26.3864 -97.7792 G 0.04 1.41 0.08 79 0.43 3.3 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_012 C-304069 26.3865 -97.7704 L 0.05 1.39 0.08 78.4 0.4 3.5 <0.2 <0.01ST07_013 C-304070 26.3862 -97.7573 L 0.07 1.05 0.19 64.3 0.53 7.5 0.2 0.01

ST07_014 C-304071 26.3851 -97.7476 L 0.07 1 0.22 61.7 0.53 4.9 0.2 <0.01ST07_015 C-304072 26.3862 -97.7477 G 0.06 0.98 0.19 59.1 0.5 7.2 0.2 <0.01

ST07_016 C-304073 26.3819 -97.7356 G 0.04 1.38 0.06 78.8 0.44 3.7 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_017 C-304074 26.3719 -97.7397 G 0.04 1.34 0.07 79.1 0.41 5.2 <0.2 <0.01ST07_018 C-304075 26.3719 -97.7454 G 0.03 1.33 0.02 83.8 0.34 2.3 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_019 C-304076 26.3719 -97.7503 G 0.04 1.19 0.07 71.3 0.42 4.1 <0.2 <0.01ST07_020 C-304077 26.3719 -97.7617 G 0.05 1.09 0.18 66.2 0.52 6 0.2 0.01

ST07_021 C-304078 26.3718 -97.7767 G 0.04 1.38 0.03 83.3 0.31 2.8 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_022 C-304079 26.3766 -97.7808 G 0.04 1.25 0.04 82.1 0.42 3.7 <0.2 <0.01ST07_023 C-304080 26.4531 -97.7976 G 0.05 1.15 0.18 73.2 0.48 5.8 0.2 0.01

ST07_024 C-304081 26.4808 -97.7977 G 0.05 1.05 0.15 68.1 0.48 5 0.2 0.01ST07_025 C-304082 26.4779 -97.8630 G 0.04 0.85 0.11 67.9 0.42 4.4 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_026 C-304083 26.4523 -97.8627 G 0.05 1.38 0.11 68.8 0.49 4.7 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_027 C-304084 26.4231 -97.8609 G 0.05 1.02 0.1 67.6 0.45 7.1 <0.2 <0.01ST07_028 C-304085 26.3875 -97.8607 G 0.05 1.12 0.15 65.6 0.47 5.5 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_029 C-304086 26.3482 -97.8615 G 0.06 0.96 0.18 61.7 0.49 6.9 <0.2 <0.01
80 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right] Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit XRF_MnO XRF_Na2O XRF_P2O5 XRF_SiO2 XRF_TiO2 As_AAS Se_AAS Hg_CVAAS percent percent percent percent percent ppm ppm ppm ST07_030 C-304087 26.4429 -97.7716

G 0.03 1.34 0.04 81.6 0.35 5.2 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_031 C-304088 26.4301 -97.7677

G 0.03 1.2 0.04 76.6 0.35 3.8 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_032 C-304089 26.4316 -97.7518

L 0.05 1.29 0.08 82 0.31 4.2 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_033 C-304090 26.5035 -97.7365

L 0.13 1.24 0.19 66.2 0.49 7.3 <0.2 0.01

ST07_034 C-304091 26.4812 -97.7322

L 0.04 1.57 0.07 74.9 0.4 4.7 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_035 C-304092 26.4543 -97.7318

L 0.04 1.37 0.04 83.2 0.32 4.4 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_036 C-304093 26.4229 -97.7336

L 0.06 1.05 0.18 57.5 0.52 8.5 0.3 <0.01

ST07_037 C-304094 26.4015 -97.7357

L 0.05 1.42 0.09 78.4 0.38 3.3 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_038 C-304095 26.3571 -97.7356

H 0.04 1.38 0.06 80.4 0.4 2.9 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_039 C-304096 26.3312 -97.7357

H 0.04 1.37 0.06 82.9 0.35 3.4 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_040 C-304097 26.3294 -97.6673

H 0.06 1.22 0.12 70.9 0.5 5.5 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_041 C-304098 26.3566 -97.6731

H 0.06 1.25 0.09 76.6 0.44 4.5 0.2 0.01

ST07_042 C-304099 26.3871 -97.6724

H 0.04 1.36 0.05 80.2 0.34 3.8 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_043 C-304100 26.4257 -97.6733

H 0.04 1.38 0.07 79.4 0.37 3.9 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_044 C-304101 26.4539 -97.6737

H 0.04 1.34 0.06 79.5 0.41 3.9 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_045 C-304102 26.4801 -97.6740

H 0.06 1.01 0.15 66.2 0.51 5.5 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_046 C-304103 26.4792 -97.6195

B 0.03 1.39 0.04 83.4 0.3 5.2 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_047 C-304104 26.4533 -97.6163

B 0.03 1.34 0.03 84.8 0.31 2.5 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_048 C-304105 26.4245 -97.6138

B 0.03 1.36 0.02 85.4 0.32 2.4 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_049 C-304106 26.4022 -97.5999

L 0.06 1.32 0.13 76.3 0.47 5.6 <0.2 0.01

ST07_050 C-304107 26.3781 -97.5863

L 0.06 1.18 0.18 68.8 0.49 10.1 <0.2 0.01

ST07_051 C-304113 26.3559 -97.5860

L 0.06 1.26 0.11 74.5 0.49 4.4 <0.2 0.01

ST07_052 C-304114 26.3212 -97.5759

L 0.03 1.07 0.08 78.3 0.4 3.9 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_053 C-304115 26.2834 -97.5864

L 0.04 1.2 0.09 76.4 0.4 3.7 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_054 C-304116 26.2476 -97.5965

L 0.05 0.76 0.13 64.5 0.44 6.6 0.2 0.01

ST07_055 C-304117 26.1696 -97.7833

B 0.05 1.54 0.15 60.3 0.4 5 <0.2 0.01

ST07_056 C-304118 26.2126 -97.8149

B 0.05 0.73 0.14 50.6 0.35 5.2 0.2 0.01

ST07_057 C-304119 26.2486 -97.7383

B 0.06 1.43 0.09 77.8 0.37 5 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_058 C-304120 26.2487 -97.6699

H 0.05 0.96 0.11 66.6 0.38 7.1 <0.2 <0.01
Table 2 81

Table 2. Geochemical analyses of soil samples collected in 2007, by element and method of analysis, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[No., number; Lat., latitude, in decimal degrees; Long., longitude in decimal degrees; Geo_unit, geologic units described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence for 10 major elements and LOI (loss on ignition); As_ppm_AAS and Se_ppm_AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic and selenium; Hg_ppm_CVAAS, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometryfor mercury; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection to the right]

Field no. Lab no. Lat Long Geo_unit XRF_MnO XRF_Na2O XRF_P2O5 XRF_SiO2 XRF_TiO2 As_AAS Se_AAS Hg_CVAAS percent percent percent percent percent ppm ppm ppm

ST07_059 C-304121 26.2768 -97.6619 H 0.06 1.28 0.08 76.3 0.44 4.4 0.2 0.01ST07_060 C-304122 26.3103 -97.6627 H 0.03 1.46 0.04 81.9 0.39 3.1 <0.2 <0.01

ST07_061 C-304123 26.2310 -97.5573 H 0.06 0.74 0.11 77.6 0.4 5.8 <0.2 0.02

ST07_062 C-304124 26.1864 -97.5646 H 0.06 0.93 0.19 66.9 0.51 6.2 0.2 0.04ST07_063 C-304125 26.1878 -97.5916 B 0.07 0.84 0.23 58.9 0.51 5.4 0.3 0.01

ST07_064 C-304126 26.1544 -97.6114 B 0.07 1.12 0.19 55.8 0.57 10.8 0.3 0.02ST07_065 C-304127 26.1138 -97.6478 B 0.08 0.87 0.28 50.6 0.58 9.1 0.4 0.02

ST07_066 C-304128 26.0733 -97.6916 B 0.07 0.87 0.24 47.3 0.56 11 0.4 0.01

ST07_067 C-304129 26.0979 -97.7194 L 0.08 1.27 0.24 56.8 0.61 11 0.4 0.02ST07_068 C-304130 26.1194 -97.7373 L 0.08 0.81 0.3 49 0.57 9.7 0.5 0.02
82 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 3. Univariate statistics and percentiles of analytical results for soil samples collected in 2003 and 2004, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. [ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; %, per- cent; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the lower limit of detection shown to the right] Element Units Minimum Maximum Range Median Arithmetic mean Geometric mean Standard deviation Percentiles Lower limit of detection Sample count 5 25 50 75 95 99 ICPMS-AES_AL

% 1.83 6.55 4.72 4.63 4.40 4.19 1.29 2.30 3.24 4.63 5.47 6.21 6.55 0.01 142

ICPMS-AES_CA

% 0.20 16.92 16.72 3.28 4.67 2.86 3.82 0.31 1.28 3.28 8.06 11.14 14.21 0.01 142

ICPMS-AES_FE

% 0.49 2.79 2.30 1.61 1.55 1.40 0.64 0.58 0.98 1.61 2.03 2.55 2.74 0.01 142

ICPMS-AES_K

% 0.74 2.36 1.62 1.88 1.76 1.73 0.33 1.19 1.49 1.88 2.00 2.17 2.32 0.01 142

ICPMS-AES_MG

% 0.10 1.51 1.41 0.58 0.58 0.48 0.31 0.14 0.30 0.58 0.84 1.08 1.31 0.01 142

ICPMS-AES_NA

% 0.27 2.94 2.67 0.73 0.76 0.72 0.31 0.41 0.60 0.73 0.88 1.19 2.31 0.01 142

ICPMS-AES_S

% 0.01 0.72 0.71 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.09 <0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.12 0.57 0.01 122

ICPMS-AES_TI

% 0.07 0.28 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.28 0.01 142

ICPMS-AES_AS ppm 2 20 18 5 6.3 5.4 3.8 2 3 5 8 13 20 1 142ICPMS-AES_BA ppm 300 1,080 780 438.5 449.5 444.4 77.3 372 401 439 480 552 672 5 142ICPMS-AES_BE ppm 0.5 2.4 1.9 1.3 1.25 1.16 0.46 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_BI ppm 0.04 0.31 0.27 0.145 0.146 0.134 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.19 0.25 0.27 0.04 142ICPMS-AES_CD ppm 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.27 0.25 0.11 <0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 112ICPMS-AES_CE ppm 17 64.5 47.5 40.3 39.318 37.257 12.357 21.10 28.40 40.30 49.30 58.44 61.28 0.05 142ICPMS-AES_CO ppm 1.4 9.4 8 5.2 5.023 4.457 2.238 1.66 2.90 5.20 6.60 8.72 9.31 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_CR ppm 5 40 35 18 17.50 15.76 7.45 6.6 11.0 18.0 23.0 29.0 32.6 1 142ICPMS-AES_CS ppm 0.68 9.62 8.94 3.99 4.442 3.840 2.285 1.53 2.47 3.99 6.00 8.45 9.57 0.05 142ICPMS-AES_CU ppm 0.7 126.6 125.9 12.7 14.18 11.60 11.70 4.1 7.7 12.7 17.7 26.1 42.2 0.5 142ICPMS-AES_GA ppm 3.83 15.5 11.67 9.33 9.218 8.668 3.073 4.72 6.44 9.33 11.90 13.70 15.41 0.05 142ICPMS-AES_IN ppm 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.038 0.036 0.011 <0.02 <0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.02 105ICPMS-AES_LA ppm 10.6 33.7 23.1 22.2 21.40 20.56 5.85 12.7 15.9 22.2 26.3 30.6 31.9 0.5 142ICPMS-AES_LI ppm 4 39 35 17 18.7 16.9 8.4 7 12 17 24 36 39 1 142ICPMS-AES_MN ppm 88 603 515 297 307.1 269.9 146.8 106 179 297 427 565 590 5 142ICPMS-AES_MO ppm 0.12 1.33 1.21 0.49 0.516 0.460 0.237 0.19 0.34 0.49 0.68 0.95 1.22 0.05 142ICPMS-AES_NB ppm 2.8 12.5 9.7 8.3 7.91 7.43 2.60 3.7 5.6 8.3 10.1 11.8 12.5 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_NI ppm 2.5 21.2 18.7 11.7 11.406 10.163 4.969 3.82 6.8 11.7 15.1 20.2 21.2 0.5 142ICPMS-AES_P ppm 80 1,820 1,740 501 575.5 432.8 394.7 104 201 501 876 1,274 1,507 50 142ICPMS-AES_PB ppm 5.4 99.2 93.8 15.7 16.78 15.23 9.40 7.6 11.3 15.7 20.1 28.6 42.1 0.5 142
Table 3 83

Table 3. Univariate statistics and percentiles of analytical results for soil samples collected in 2003 and 2004, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued[ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry-atomic emission spectrometry for 42 elements; ICP16, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry for 16 major elements; %, percent; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the lower limit of detection shown to the right]

Element Units Minimum Maximum Range Median Arithmetic mean Geometric mean Standard deviation

Percentiles Lower 

limit of 

detection

Sample 

count 5 25 50 75 95 99

ICPMS-AES_RB ppm 24.9 99.4 74.5 69.25 66.51 64.60 15.24 42.8 53.0 69.3 78.4 89.2 95.1 0.2 142ICPMS-AES_SB ppm 0.3 9.16 8.86 0.75 0.826 0.733 0.778 0.42 0.56 0.75 0.93 1.14 4.06 0.05 142ICPMS-AES_SC ppm 1.3 9.5 8.2 5 4.872 4.270 2.286 1.6 2.8 5.0 6.7 8.6 9.5 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_SN ppm 0.4 5.7 5.3 1.4 1.513 1.319 0.853 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.8 5.3 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_SR ppm 53.5 397 343.5 172.95 201.19 175.95 99.82 74.7 115.3 173.0 303.8 360.7 377.3 0.5 142ICPMS-AES_TH ppm 2.5 10.8 8.3 6.3 6.339 5.874 2.359 2.9 4.4 6.3 8.5 10.1 10.8 0.2 142ICPMS-AES_TL ppm 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.455 0.435 0.132 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_U ppm 0.6 2.8 2.2 1.5 1.555 1.415 0.654 0.7 1 1.5 2.1 2.7 2.8 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_V ppm 13 92 79 41.5 44.29 39.15 20.89 16 26 42 61 80 88 1 142ICPMS-AES_W ppm 0.2 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.625 0.551 0.292 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_Y ppm 4.3 21.9 17.6 12.4 12.508 11.495 4.877 5.5 7.9 12.4 16.8 20.0 21.4 0.1 142ICPMS-AES_ZN ppm 10 220 210 51 52.76 45.60 28.91 17 29 51 72 96 138 1 142ICP16_AL % 1.86 6.5 4.64 4.31 4.178 3.987 1.215 2.29 3.09 4.31 5.21 5.92 6.33 0.01 142ICP16_CA % 0.2 17.22 17.02 3.2 4.614 2.791 3.841 0.31 1.20 3.20 8.06 11.41 14.29 0.01 142ICP16_CR % 10 66 56 25.5 25.567 23.941 9.306 <0.01 17.00 24.50 31.00 38.40 57.72 0.01 134ICP16_FE % 0.51 2.85 2.34 1.6 1.591 1.442 0.656 0.61 1.00 1.60 2.16 2.60 2.80 0.01 142ICP16_K % 0.77 2.44 1.67 1.78 1.699 1.670 0.300 1.19 1.47 1.78 1.91 2.14 2.27 0.01 142ICP16_MG % 0.09 1.40 1.31 0.595 0.580 0.481 0.310 0.14 0.31 0.60 0.82 1.09 1.27 0.01 142ICP16_MN % 100 619 519 299.5 313.268 279.776 141.848 111.60 184.00 289.50 436.00 552.60 607.04 0.01 138ICP16_NA % 0.27 2.91 2.64 0.695 0.754 0.711 0.308 0.42 0.58 0.70 0.87 1.18 2.36 0.01 142ICP16_P % 0.01 0.18 0.17 0.05 0.058 0.045 0.038 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.01 135ICP16_SI % 17.24 38.64 21.4 29.545 28.815 28.226 5.691 19.34 24.03 29.55 33.60 37.34 38.54 0.01 142ICP16_TI % 0.09 0.35 0.26 0.24 0.234 0.222 0.070 0.12 0.17 0.24 0.30 0.33 0.35 0.01 142ICP16_BA ppm 299 1,110 811 434.5 448.479 442.581 83.492 367.00 401.00 434.50 474.00 565.60 707.96 10 142ICP16_NB ppm 10 22 12 14 14.35 14.04 2.99 <10 <10 <10 13 18 19 10 55ICP16_SR ppm 57 372 315 168 195.89 171.55 97.41 73 113 168 301 353 369 10 142ICP16_Y ppm 10 29 19 17 17.43 16.85 4.43 <10 11 15 20 24 26 10 113ICP16_ZR ppm 113 482 369 203 212.25 204.62 61.04 135 170 203 241 322 430 10 142
84 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Table 4. Univariate statistics and percentiles of analytical results for soil samples collected in 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. [ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on 40 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry on 12 elements; AS_AA and SE_AA, atomic absorption spectrom- etry on arsenic and selenium; HG_CV, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometry on mercury; %, percent; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection shown to the right. Note ICPMS- AES Ag and Te were omitted from the table because all results were below the detection limit of 1 and 10 ppm, respectively] Element Units Minimum Maximum Range Median Arithmetic mean Geometric mean Standard deviation Percentiles Lower limit of detection Sample count 5 25 50 75 95 99 ICPMS-AES_AL

% 3.23 6.88 3.65 4.66 4.696 4.635 0.772 3.437 4.155 4.66 5.16 6.369 6.831 0.01 68

ICPMS-AES_CA

% 0.41 10.9 10.49 1.365 2.782 1.757 2.552 0.459 0.715 1.365 4.51 7.281 10.432 0.01 68

ICPMS-AES_FE

% 0.79 2.99 2.2 1.645 1.645 1.569 0.506 0.869 1.245 1.645 2 2.677 2.965 0.01 68

ICPMS-AES_K

% 1.45 2.25 0.8 1.93 1.92 1.912 0.178 1.6 1.8 1.93 2.075 2.18 2.239 0.01 68

ICPMS-AES_MG

% 0.13 1.11 0.98 0.43 0.507 0.435 0.264 0.148 0.285 0.43 0.715 0.944 1.11 0.01 68

ICPMS-AES_NA

% 0.52 1.25 0.73 0.91 0.877 0.864 0.144 0.608 0.77 0.91 0.965 1.054 1.239 0.01 68

ICPMS-AES_S

% 0.01 0.71 0.7 0.02 0.039 0.023 0.093 <0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.092 0.606 0.01 58

ICPMS-AES_TI

% 0.1 0.29 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.185 0.041 0.13 0.16 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.286 0.01 68

ICPMS-AES_AS ppm 3.00 17.00 14.00 6.00 6.99 6.51 2.84 4 5 6 8 13.1 16.64 1 68ICPMS-AES_BA ppm 385 661 276 499.5 495.029 492.742 48.055 410.4 465 499.5 524 565.5 651.82 5 68ICPMS-AES_BE ppm 1 2.3 1.3 1.5 1.547 1.514 0.324 1.1 1.25 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.264 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_BI ppm 0.07 0.44 0.37 0.17 0.169 0.158 0.062 0.089 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.272 0.415 0.04 68ICPMS-AES_CD ppm 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.225 0.203 0.092 <0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 61ICPMS-AES_CE ppm 22.5 56.8 34.3 38 37.882 37.264 6.874 26.99 33.65 38 42.15 51.59 56.35 0.05 68ICPMS-AES_CO ppm 2.4 10.3 7.9 5.3 5.374 5.056 1.848 2.5 3.95 5.3 6.6 9.01 10.21 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_CR ppm 10 38 28 21 21.206 20.107 6.891 11 15.5 21 25.5 32.5 38 1 68ICPMS-AES_CS ppm 5 10 5 6 6.3 6.163 1.455 <5 <5 <5 5 7.2 9.82 5 20ICPMS-AES_CU ppm 4.6 44 39.4 13.95 13.84 12.489 6.473 4.8 8.7 13.95 17.6 22.19 41.048 0.5 68ICPMS-AES_GA ppm 6.83 16.5 9.67 10.4 10.421 10.236 2.006 7.096 9.02 10.4 11.6 14.31 16.302 0.05 68ICPMS-AES_IN ppm 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.034 0.033 0.01 <0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.051 0.06 0.02 60ICPMS-AES_LA ppm 12.9 31.7 18.8 21.85 21.653 21.253 4.123 14.69 18.85 21.85 24.5 29.18 31.394 0.5 68ICPMS-AES_LI ppm 11 46 35 19 21.294 20.001 7.963 12 16 19 25.5 38.4 45.46 1 68ICPMS-AES_MN ppm 151 534 383 295 306.956 293.494 92.201 167.6 236.5 295 365.5 502.3 534 5 68ICPMS-AES_MO ppm 0.34 1.09 0.75 0.44 0.472 0.456 0.14 0.359 0.385 0.44 0.48 0.852 1.05 0.05 68ICPMS-AES_NB ppm 4.6 14.2 9.6 8.55 8.651 8.469 1.795 6.07 7.25 8.55 9.75 12 13.912 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_NI ppm 4.2 43 38.8 11.15 11.618 10.42 5.925 4.48 7.3 11.15 14.9 20.39 39.544 0.5 68ICPMS-AES_P ppm 100 1,400.00 1,300.00 415 495.147 402.746 303.799 120 250 415 725 1,021.00 1,371.20 50 68
Table 4 85

Table 4. Univariate statistics and percentiles of analytical results for soil samples collected in 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued [ICPMS-AES, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on 40 elements; XRF, wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry on 12 elements; AS_AA and SE_AA, atomic absorption spectrometry on arsenic and selenium; HG_CV, cold vapor - atomic absorption spectrometry on mercury; %, percent; ppm, parts per million; <, value is less than the limit of detection shown to the right. Note ICPMSAES Ag and Te were omitted from the table because all results were below the detection limit of 1 and 10 ppm, respectively]

Element Units Minimum Maximum Range Median Arithmetic mean Geometric mean Standard deviation

Percentiles Lower 

limit of 

detection

Sample 

count 5 25 50 75 95 99

ICPMS-AES_PB ppm 10.1 90.9 80.8 15.3 17.634 16.444 10.23 11.65 14 15.3 17.5 25.11 82.116 0.5 68ICPMS-AES_RB ppm 54.5 100 45.5 71.7 71.432 70.885 9.006 57.41 65.2 71.7 75.65 87.25 98.632 0.2 68ICPMS-AES_SB ppm 0.49 1.23 0.74 0.695 0.721 0.706 0.156 0.508 0.6 0.695 0.825 1.022 1.198 0.05 68ICPMS-AES_SC ppm 2.1 10.1 8 5.05 5.134 4.799 1.843 2.2 3.6 5.05 6.45 8.04 9.974 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_SN ppm 0.6 7.4 6.8 1.4 1.615 1.394 1.143 0.7 1 1.4 1.7 4.25 7.112 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_SR ppm 119 342 223 155.5 174.176 167.745 53.598 127.8 138 155.5 192.5 313.8 338.76 0.5 68ICPMS-AES_TH ppm 3.5 10.8 7.3 6.6 6.554 6.381 1.516 4.28 5.5 6.6 7.6 9.41 10.656 0.2 68ICPMS-AES_TL ppm 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.509 0.502 0.088 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.61 0.782 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_U ppm 0.9 2.4 1.5 1.35 1.415 1.38 0.335 1 1.2 1.35 1.55 2.22 2.4 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_V ppm 19 88 69 37 41.426 38.843 15.54 21.8 31 37 52 76.8 87.46 1 68ICPMS-AES_W ppm 0.3 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.679 0.64 0.242 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.12 1.4 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_Y ppm 7.4 23.4 16 13.35 13.553 13.103 3.51 7.99 11.3 13.35 16.05 19.84 23.058 0.1 68ICPMS-AES_ZN ppm 20 93 73 45 46.559 43.315 17.578 21.9 31.5 45 58 77.1 92.28 1 68XRF-AL2O3 % 6.28 12.7 6.42 8.605 8.785 8.68 1.389 6.614 7.84 8.605 9.66 11.55 12.646 0.10 68XRF-CAO % 0.56 15.7 15.14 1.87 3.885 2.416 3.636 0.627 0.965 1.87 6.29 10.43 15.052 0.02 68XRF-CR2O3 % 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.013 0.011 0.007 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.026 0.01 8XRF-FE2O3 % 1.19 4.2 3.01 2.345 2.374 2.273 0.703 1.342 1.87 2.345 2.85 3.793 4.186 0.04 68XRF-K2O % 1.69 2.72 1.03 2.36 2.357 2.348 0.204 2.014 2.21 2.36 2.495 2.652 2.715 0.02 68XRF-LOI % 1.67 19.2 17.53 5.82 7.348 6.076 4.459 2.219 3.67 5.82 10.1 16.1 18.948 0.01 68XRF-MGO % 0.25 1.97 1.72 0.765 0.879 0.761 0.452 0.278 0.495 0.765 1.225 1.613 1.957 0.10 68XRF-MNO % 0.02 0.13 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.047 0.017 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.121 0.01 68XRF-NA2O % 0.73 1.57 0.84 1.23 1.191 1.172 0.205 0.805 1.045 1.23 1.36 1.46 1.565 0.15 68XRF-P2O5 % 0.02 0.3 0.28 0.09 0.113 0.093 0.068 0.029 0.06 0.09 0.17 0.24 0.296 0.05 67XRF-SIO2 % 47.3 85.4 38.1 75.6 72.034 71.277 10.076 50.6 65.9 75.6 80.2 83.44 85.292 0.10 68XRF-TIO2 % 0.22 0.61 0.39 0.42 0.425 0.416 0.084 0.309 0.355 0.42 0.49 0.57 0.605 0.02 68AS_AA ppm 2.3 11 8.7 4.7 5.26 4.871 2.19 2.68 3.7 4.7 6.1 10.17 11 0.20 68SE_AA ppm 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.268 0.256 0.089 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 0.4 0.482 0.10 22HG_CV ppm 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.014 0.013 0.007 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.02 0.036 0.01 22
86 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Table 5. Mineralogy of all soil samples collected in 2003, 2004, and 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.

[Geo_unit, geologic unit as described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, 

Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; Total_Plag, combined total of all plagioclase minerals present in the sample; Total_Kspar, combined 

total of all potassium-bearing feldspar minerals present in the sample; Total_Carb, combined total of all carbonate minerals present in the sample (may include 

some shell fragments)]

Sample 

number Latitude Longitude Geo_unit

Percent

Quartz Muscovite Kaolinite Smectite Total_Plag Total_Kspar Total_Carb

ST001 26.4547 -98.1632 G 83 2 1 1 9 3 1

ST002 26.4645 -98.2207 G 80 1 1 0 13 6 0

ST003 26.4699 -98.2609 G 78 2 1 0 6 9 3

ST004 26.0846 -97.8620 H 34 6 3 4 20 8 25

ST005 26.0737 -97.8355 H 27 10 8 0 14 7 34

ST006 26.0728 -97.8046 H 37 5 2 1 19 12 25

ST007 26.0562 -97.7719 H 35 10 3 0 19 8 24

ST008 26.0519 -97.7398 H 32 8 4 0 16 14 25

ST009 26.0431 -97.7066 H 32 11 3 1 20 7 26

ST010 26.0447 -97.6712 H 38 8 2 0 20 13 19

ST011 26.0265 -97.6402 H 35 10 4 0 18 12 21

ST012 26.0189 -97.6075 H 31 14 3 0 15 13 23

ST013 25.9932 -97.6020 H 39 7 2 0 19 15 19

ST014 25.9621 -97.5776 H 27 12 4 7 13 10 28

ST015 25.9439 -97.5463 H 27 6 4 3 19 8 33

ST016 25.9258 -97.5200 H 31 15 3 0 13 13 25

ST017 25.9285 -97.4891 H 39 9 3 3 20 11 15

ST018 25.9145 -97.4547 H 38 6 2 2 19 15 18

ST019 25.9176 -97.4185 H 33 10 3 5 12 9 29

ST020 25.9179 -97.3816 H 35 4 2 1 13 9 37

ST021 25.9449 -97.3522 H 79 0 1 0 13 6 1

ST022 25.9539 -97.3191 H 35 13 4 3 17 7 21

ST023 25.9604 -97.2835 H 44 10 2 0 14 7 22

ST024 25.9600 -97.2534 H 54 4 1 0 18 14 9

ST025 25.9680 -97.2069 H 47 4 1 0 18 8 22

ST026 25.9894 -97.1829 H 47 12 2 0 20 7 13

ST027 25.9970 -97.1513 H 76 1 1 0 14 5 3

ST028 26.4601 -98.1765 G 37 12 0 0 6 0 45

ST029 26.4602 -98.1741 G 26 14 2 0 0 0 58

ST030 25.9723 -97.5364 H 40 8 2 0 19 6 25

ST031 25.9783 -97.5047 H 36 8 2 6 14 11 23

ST032 25.9817 -97.4744 H 34 9 2 2 20 7 27

ST033 25.9831 -97.4461 H 30 16 4 1 17 6 27

ST034 25.9502 -97.4194 H 34 14 5 2 19 7 19

ST035 25.9487 -97.4453 H 25 11 3 5 10 11 35

ST036 25.9508 -97.4783 H 47 4 1 1 18 11 17

ST037 25.9499 -97.5080 H 34 14 3 1 17 11 20

ST107 26.1184 -97.7855 H 29 19 7 3 11 0 32

ST108 26.1438 -97.7816 B 57 12 1 0 14 10 6

ST109 26.1753 -97.7839 B 50 10 2 0 12 13 13
 Table 5 87

Table 5. Mineralogy of all soil samples collected in 2003, 2004, and 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued

[Geo_unit, geologic unit as described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, 

Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; Total_Plag, combined total of all plagioclase minerals present in the sample; Total_Kspar, combined 

total of all potassium-bearing feldspar minerals present in the sample; Total_Carb, combined total of all carbonate minerals present in the sample (may include 

some shell fragments)]

Sample 

number Latitude Longitude Geo_unit

Percent

Quartz Muscovite Kaolinite Smectite Total_Plag Total_Kspar Total_Carb

ST110 26.2079 -97.7862 B 59 7 2 0 14 13 5

ST111 26.2375 -97.7869 B 66 4 1 0 19 9 1

ST112 26.2663 -97.7870 B 59 8 4 0 17 7 4

ST113 26.2961 -97.7873 B 66 4 1 0 17 12 0

ST114 26.3011 -97.8261 B 67 3 1 0 17 12 0

ST115 26.2631 -97.8257 B 55 8 2 0 22 7 7

ST116 26.2719 -97.8638 B 73 6 1 0 16 0 4

ST117 26.3026 -97.8644 B 73 3 1 0 8 14 1

ST118 26.3422 -97.9251 G 73 3 1 0 9 11 1

ST119 26.3148 -97.9290 L 66 9 2 0 9 13 0

ST120 26.2812 -97.9285 L 65 5 2 0 17 8 3

ST121 26.2656 -97.9119 H 52 10 2 0 13 6 16

ST122 26.2365 -97.9114 H 65 9 1 0 11 11 4

ST123 26.2066 -97.9111 H 62 5 1 0 13 11 8

ST124 26.1781 -97.9106 H 68 2 1 0 14 11 4

ST125 26.1286 -97.9014 H 46 8 3 0 13 10 19

ST126 26.0986 -97.9012 H 28 12 5 1 16 4 34

ST127 26.1085 -97.8500 H 27 24 4 0 6 11 27

ST128 26.1356 -97.8577 H 61 6 2 0 14 12 5

ST129 26.1778 -97.8472 H 58 6 2 3 16 12 3

ST130 26.2155 -97.8466 B 63 10 2 0 14 8 2

ST131 26.2466 -97.8634 B 52 9 2 0 12 12 12

ST132 26.3655 -97.9374 G 61 13 3 0 11 5 8

ST133 26.3937 -97.9325 G 70 6 1 0 14 4 5

ST134 26.4227 -97.9267 G 74 4 1 0 10 9 2

ST135 26.4504 -97.9144 G 76 6 1 0 8 8 1

ST136 26.4795 -97.9088 G 78 2 1 0 10 8 0

ST137 26.4851 -97.9489 G 80 2 1 0 8 10 0

ST138 26.4564 -97.9539 G 68 10 1 0 8 10 2

ST139 26.4063 -97.9628 G 75 3 1 0 6 14 0

ST140 26.3845 -97.9662 G 75 3 1 0 11 10 0

ST141 26.3559 -97.9724 G 75 3 1 0 11 10 0

ST142 26.3282 -97.9843 G 77 4 1 0 9 9 0

ST143 26.3067 -97.9931 L 62 3 2 0 11 5 17

ST144 26.3202 -98.0355 L 76 6 1 0 9 8 1

ST145 26.3497 -98.0306 G 53 10 2 0 8 9 18

ST146 26.3490 -98.0245 G 59 4 1 0 7 7 23

ST147 26.4070 -98.0197 G 75 4 1 0 10 10 0

ST148 26.4502 -98.0135 G 79 4 1 0 8 8 0

ST149 26.2889 -98.0054 L 76 4 1 0 9 10 0
88 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Table 5. Mineralogy of all soil samples collected in 2003, 2004, and 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued

[Geo_unit, geologic unit as described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, 

Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; Total_Plag, combined total of all plagioclase minerals present in the sample; Total_Kspar, combined 

total of all potassium-bearing feldspar minerals present in the sample; Total_Carb, combined total of all carbonate minerals present in the sample (may include 

some shell fragments)]

Sample 

number Latitude Longitude Geo_unit

Percent

Quartz Muscovite Kaolinite Smectite Total_Plag Total_Kspar Total_Carb

ST150 26.4997 -98.0487 G 77 5 1 0 11 5 0

ST151 26.4707 -98.0538 G 78 3 1 0 8 10 0

ST152 26.4410 -98.0593 G 81 2 1 0 10 7 0

ST153 26.4124 -98.0644 G 76 6 1 0 8 7 2

ST154 26.3825 -98.0699 G 69 7 1 0 12 11 0

ST155 26.3534 -98.0751 L 74 5 1 0 10 11 0

ST156 26.3266 -98.0799 L 57 13 1 0 11 10 9

ST157 26.3617 -98.1178 L 71 6 1 0 9 11 2

ST158 26.3860 -98.1138 G 73 3 1 0 10 8 4

ST159 26.3995 -98.1385 G 76 4 1 0 11 8 0

ST160 26.4162 -98.1371 G 75 3 1 0 10 10 0

ST161 26.4123 -98.1120 G 61 6 1 0 6 7 18

ST162 26.4184 -98.1501 G 72 5 1 0 8 8 6

ST163 26.4665 -98.2377 G 78 4 1 0 7 9 1

ST164 26.4618 -98.2048 G 72 4 1 0 7 10 7

ST165 26.4560 -98.1734 G 60 5 1 0 5 6 22

ST166 26.4518 -98.1409 G 77 4 1 0 11 6 0

ST167 26.5165 -98.1443 G 77 1 1 0 7 8 6

ST168 26.5209 -98.1747 G 73 5 1 0 7 9 5

ST169 26.5004 -98.1991 G 81 3 1 0 7 8 0

ST170 26.4894 -98.1960 G 80 3 2 0 5 9 1

ST171 26.4797 -98.1823 G 74 4 1 0 7 8 5

ST172 26.4772 -98.1495 G 68 9 1 0 9 11 2

ST173 26.4489 -98.1191 G 71 6 2 0 10 9 1

ST174 26.4444 -98.0848 G 60 5 1 0 8 8 19

ST175 26.2899 -97.9605 L 67 10 1 0 9 10 3

ST176 26.2599 -97.9604 L 57 16 1 0 11 11 3

ST177 26.2288 -97.9602 L 67 7 3 0 13 10 0

ST178 26.1995 -97.9597 L 58 13 4 0 10 11 5

ST179 26.1704 -97.9592 L 54 19 2 0 10 9 5

ST180 26.1414 -97.9576 L 61 9 1 0 7 19 2

ST181 26.1082 -97.9590 H 32 16 4 0 13 10 25

ST182 26.0775 -97.9584 H 31 15 2 0 18 7 27

ST183 26.0855 -97.9927 H 29 10 5 0 14 12 30

ST184 26.0824 -98.0260 H 27 21 3 1 12 10 27

ST185 26.0519 -98.0636 H 46 6 2 0 18 10 18

ST186 26.0764 -98.0611 H 27 16 5 1 12 6 35

ST187 26.1124 -98.0534 H 28 14 5 0 9 6 37

ST188 26.1409 -98.0472 H 62 8 2 0 8 11 9

ST189 26.1702 -98.0420 B 41 9 2 0 6 8 33
 Table 5 89

Table 5. Mineralogy of all soil samples collected in 2003, 2004, and 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued

[Geo_unit, geologic unit as described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, 

Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; Total_Plag, combined total of all plagioclase minerals present in the sample; Total_Kspar, combined 

total of all potassium-bearing feldspar minerals present in the sample; Total_Carb, combined total of all carbonate minerals present in the sample (may include 

some shell fragments)]

Sample 

number Latitude Longitude Geo_unit

Percent

Quartz Muscovite Kaolinite Smectite Total_Plag Total_Kspar Total_Carb

ST190 26.1999 -98.0368 B 63 6 2 0 13 11 5

ST191 26.2290 -98.0375 B 55 14 2 0 11 12 7

ST192 26.2565 -98.0361 L 67 10 2 0 13 6 2

ST193 26.2856 -98.0373 L 63 4 2 0 12 10 8

ST194 26.3041 -98.0799 L 62 9 3 0 9 12 5

ST195 26.3329 -98.1230 L 59 7 2 0 10 9 12

ST196 26.3020 -98.1054 L 68 9 2 0 9 9 4

ST197 26.2844 -98.0649 L 51 16 2 0 10 10 12

ST198 26.2490 -98.0747 B 57 12 2 0 10 9 10

ST199 26.2199 -98.0793 B 67 5 1 0 10 12 5

ST200 26.1895 -98.0855 B 54 9 1 0 11 9 16

ST201 26.1351 -98.0821 H 20 19 7 1 12 0 40

ST202 26.1125 -98.0856 H 24 16 4 0 11 5 41

ST203 26.0810 -98.0908 H 25 19 4 1 13 9 30

ST204 26.0849 -98.1279 H 28 18 3 0 13 5 33

ST205 26.1185 -98.1334 H 19 28 4 1 8 0 41

ST206 26.1578 -98.1270 B 46 14 2 0 9 9 19

ST207 26.1876 -98.1222 B 72 3 1 0 12 8 3

ST208 26.2176 -98.1177 B 60 9 4 0 12 9 6

ST209 26.2533 -98.1102 B 61 15 3 0 10 11 0

ST210 26.2823 -98.1069 L 55 18 3 0 13 8 3

ST211 26.2994 -98.1385 L 67 11 2 0 9 8 3

ST07-001 26.3345 -97.7899 B 65 3 3 1 19 8 0

ST07-002 26.3637 -97.7969 B 70 3 2 1 14 10 0

ST07-003 26.3637 -97.7969 B 63 4 3 2 15 14 0

ST07-004 26.3940 -97.7971 B 59 6 3 1 14 14 2

ST07-005 26.4193 -97.7975 B 65 4 2 1 16 12 0

ST07-006 26.4153 -97.8056 B 67 4 1 0 13 14 0

ST07-007 26.4080 -97.8026 B 68 4 1 0 18 10 0

ST07-008 26.4008 -97.7945 B 71 2 1 0 11 15 0

ST07-009 26.4083 -97.7570 B 49 6 3 3 12 11 16

ST07-010 26.4009 -97.7558 B 41 8 3 2 13 9 23

ST07-011 26.3864 -97.7792 B 64 6 1 1 10 18 0

ST07-012 26.3865 -97.7704 B 62 4 2 1 18 13 0

ST07-013 26.3862 -97.7573 B 49 7 2 4 15 12 11

ST07-014 26.3851 -97.7476 B 48 10 5 2 13 9 14

ST07-015 26.3862 -97.7477 B 46 9 3 2 14 10 15

ST07-016 26.3819 -97.7356 B 63 5 1 1 14 15 0

ST07-017 26.3719 -97.7397 B 64 4 2 1 14 15 0

ST07-018 26.3719 -97.7454 B 70 2 2 1 14 11 0
90 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Table 5. Mineralogy of all soil samples collected in 2003, 2004, and 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued

[Geo_unit, geologic unit as described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, 

Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; Total_Plag, combined total of all plagioclase minerals present in the sample; Total_Kspar, combined 

total of all potassium-bearing feldspar minerals present in the sample; Total_Carb, combined total of all carbonate minerals present in the sample (may include 

some shell fragments)]

Sample 

number Latitude Longitude Geo_unit

Percent

Quartz Muscovite Kaolinite Smectite Total_Plag Total_Kspar Total_Carb

ST07-019 26.3719 -97.7503 B 56 4 2 2 15 14 6

ST07-020 26.3719 -97.7617 B 56 7 4 2 12 12 7

ST07-021 26.3718 -97.7767 B 69 2 1 1 13 14 0

ST07-022 26.3766 -97.7808 B 64 6 2 1 15 12 0

ST07-023 26.4531 -97.7976 B 59 7 3 1 14 15 1

ST07-024 26.4808 -97.7977 B 55 10 4 2 11 11 7

ST07-025 26.4779 -97.8630 L 55 6 3 3 14 8 11

ST07-026 26.4523 -97.8627 B 62 7 3 2 7 15 5

ST07-027 26.4231 -97.8609 B 57 5 3 2 16 8 10

ST07-028 26.3875 -97.8607 B 53 7 3 1 19 6 10

ST07-029 26.3482 -97.8615 B 47 7 7 2 13 10 14

ST07-030 26.4429 -97.7716 B 68 3 2 1 12 13 0

ST07-031 26.4301 -97.7677 B 63 4 2 1 12 12 5

ST07-032 26.4316 -97.7518 B 66 4 2 1 16 11 0

ST07-033 26.5035 -97.7365 B 56 9 5 2 12 8 7

ST07-034 26.4812 -97.7322 B 61 4 2 2 14 15 2

ST07-035 26.4543 -97.7318 B 67 3 2 2 13 14 0

ST07-036 26.4229 -97.7336 B 43 8 4 2 16 6 20

ST07-037 26.4015 -97.7357 B 63 3 4 1 15 13 0

ST07-038 26.3571 -97.7356 B 65 4 2 1 15 11 1

ST07-039 26.3312 -97.7357 B 67 3 1 1 15 14 0

ST07-040 26.3294 -97.6673 B 59 6 3 2 11 14 5

ST07-041 26.3566 -97.6731 B 65 2 2 2 16 13 0

ST07-042 26.3871 -97.6724 B 67 2 2 2 16 10 1

ST07-043 26.4257 -97.6733 B 65 4 4 2 15 10 1

ST07-044 26.4539 -97.6737 B 65 4 1 1 16 13 0

ST07-045 26.4801 -97.6740 B 53 8 4 2 10 15 8

ST07-046 26.4792 -97.6195 B 68 3 1 1 8 19 0

ST07-047 26.4533 -97.6163 B 74 2 2 1 10 12 0

ST07-048 26.4245 -97.6138 B 68 3 1 1 13 14 0

ST07-049 26.4022 -97.5999 B 62 4 2 2 17 14 0

ST07-050 26.3781 -97.5863 B 57 9 3 2 16 10 3

ST07-051 26.3559 -97.5860 B 59 6 2 2 19 9 2

ST07-052 26.3212 -97.5759 B 65 5 1 2 11 16 0

ST07-053 26.2834 -97.5864 B 62 5 3 1 12 15 1

ST07-054 26.2476 -97.5965 B 57 7 3 2 15 4 11

ST07-055 26.1696 -97.7833 B 49 8 5 2 11 9 16

ST07-056 26.2126 -97.8149 L 37 5 3 2 11 10 32

ST07-057 26.2486 -97.7383 B 64 6 1 1 14 15 0

ST07-058 26.2487 -97.6699 B 55 5 3 1 12 10 13
 Table 5 91

Table 5. Mineralogy of all soil samples collected in 2003, 2004, and 2007, lower Rio Grande valley, Texas.—Continued

[Geo_unit, geologic unit as described by Page and others (2005) below soil sample; G, Goliad Formation (Pliocene); L, Lissie Formation (Pleistocene); B, 

Beaumont Formation (Pleistocene); H, Holocene alluvium; Total_Plag, combined total of all plagioclase minerals present in the sample; Total_Kspar, combined 

total of all potassium-bearing feldspar minerals present in the sample; Total_Carb, combined total of all carbonate minerals present in the sample (may include 

some shell fragments)]

Sample 

number Latitude Longitude Geo_unit

Percent

Quartz Muscovite Kaolinite Smectite Total_Plag Total_Kspar Total_Carb

ST07-059 26.2768 -97.6619 B 61 6 3 1 11 17 0

ST07-060 26.3103 -97.6627 B 63 4 2 1 15 15 0

ST07-061 26.2310 -97.5573 H 69 6 3 1 11 9 2

ST07-062 26.1864 -97.5646 H 55 7 3 2 12 12 8

ST07-063 26.1878 -97.5916 H 45 9 5 2 12 10 17

ST07-064 26.1544 -97.6114 H 38 7 4 2 21 8 19

ST07-065 26.1138 -97.6478 H 29 11 6 3 10 17 23

ST07-066 26.0733 -97.6916 H 24 15 7 2 17 9 25

ST07-067 26.0979 -97.7194 H 37 10 5 2 21 10 16

ST07-068 26.1194 -97.7373 H 28 11 8 2 17 9 25
92 Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Table 6. Summary statistics of mineral content of soils by geologic formation (Page and others, 2005) as determined by x-ray 

diffraction.

[N, number of samples in the group; N Zero, number of samples with no measurable content; Std. Dev., standard deviation; Min., minimum content measured; 

Max., maximum content measured]

N N Zero Mean Std. Dev. Min. percentile Max.

25 50 75 90

Quartz

Goliad 43 0 71.2 11.2 26 69 75 78 80 83

Lissie 24 0 62.3 8.8 37 57 62.5 67 75 76

Beaumont 80 0 60.4 7.6 41 56 62 66 68.9 74

Holocene 63 0 38.9 14.0 19 28 35 46 62 79

All 210 0 56.4 16.2 19 45.75 61 68 76 83

Muscovite

Goliad 43 0 4.9 3.1 1 3 4 6 10 14

Lissie 24 0 9.2 4.6 3 5.25 9 12.5 17 19

Beaumont 80 0 6.0 3.0 2 4 5.5 8 10 15

Holocene 63 1 10.5 5.5 0 6 10 14 18.6 28

All 210 1 7.5 4.7 0 4 6 10 14 28

Kaolinite

Goliad 43 1 1.1 0.4 0 1 1 1 2 3

Lissie 24 0 2.0 0.9 1 1 2 2.75 3 4

Beaumont 80 0 2.3 1.2 1 1 2 3 4 7

Holocene 63 0 3.3 1.7 1 2 3 4 5.6 8

All 210 1 2.3 1.5 0 1 2 3 4 8

Smectite

Goliad 43 42 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 1

Lissie 24 22 0.2 0.7 0 0 0 0 1 3

Beaumont 80 25 1.1 0.9 0 0 1 2 2 4

Holocene 63 30 1.2 1.6 0 0 1 2 3 7

All 210 119 0.8 1.2 0 0 0 1 2 7

Plagioclase

Goliad 43 1 8.5 2.5 0 7 8 10 11 14

Lissie 24 0 10.6 2.2 7 9 10 11.75 13.5 17

Beaumont 80 0 13.6 3.0 6 12 14 15.75 17 22

Holocene 63 0 15.0 3.7 6 12 14 18 20 21

All 210 1 12.6 3.9 0 10 12 15 18 22

Potassium feldspar

Goliad 43 2 8.0 2.7 0 7 8 10 10.6 14

Lissie 24 0 9.8 2.6 5 8 10 11 12.5 19

Beaumont 80 1 11.5 3.2 0 9 12 14 15 19

Holocene 63 3 9.1 3.5 0 7 9 11 13 17

All 210 6 9.9 3.4 0 8 10 12 14 19

Carbonate

Goliad 43 17 6.2 12.0 0 0 1 6 20.8 58

Lissie 24 4 5.9 7.2 0 2 3 8.75 14.5 32

Beaumont 80 32 5.0 6.6 0 0 2 7 14.9 33

Holocene 63 0 22.1 10.2 1 17 23 28 35 41

All 210 53 10.4 11.9 0 0 5 19 27 58
For additional information, contact:

Director, Eastern Mineral and Energy Resources Center

U.S. Geological Survey

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 954

Reston, Virginia 20192 

Or visit our website at:

https://minerals.usgs.gov/east/

Publishing support provided by the

West Trenton Publishing Service Center
Whitney and others—Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Soils Collected in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas—Open-File Report 2019–1010

ISSN 2331-1258 (online)

https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191010