U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 2016–1091

Prepared in cooperation with Portland Water Bureau

Salmon Redd Identification Using Environmental DNA (eDNA)
Cover: Photograph of salmon spawning area in the Bull Run River in the Sandy River Basin, Oregon. 

Photograph by Burke Strobel, Portland Water Bureau, October 19, 2009.
Salmon Redd Identification Using 

Environmental DNA (eDNA)

By David S. Pilliod and Matthew B. Laramie

Prepared in cooperation with Portland Water Bureau

Open–File Report 2016–1091

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey 
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette M. Kimball, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2016 

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Suggested citation:

Pilliod, D.S., and Laramie, M.B., 2016, Salmon redd identification using environmental DNA (eDNA): U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 2016–1091, 25 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161091. 

ISSN 2331–1258 (online)
iii

Contents

Introduction................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Methods...................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Molecular Assay Performance.................................................................................................................................... 4

Data Analysis.............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Preliminary Results..................................................................................................................................................... 5

Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

References Cited........................................................................................................................................................ 9

Appendix 1. Environmental DNA (eDNA) Concentrations for Coho Salmon (O. kisutch) and Chinook salmon 

(O. tshawytscha) from All Sites Sampled in the Sandy River Basin, northwestern Oregon, fall and winter 2013 ..... 10

Appendix 2. Difference (∆) Between Mean Environmental DNA (eDNA) Concentrations near the Substrate 

and in the Water Column (for O. kisutch and O. tshawytscha) at Each Site in the Sandy River Basin, 

northwestern Oregon, fall and winter 2013 ............................................................................................................... 24

Figures

Figure 1. Map showing Sandy River Basin in northwestern Oregon.......................................................................... 2

Figure 2. Graphs showing (a) Coho salmon (O. kisutch) DNA Standards and (b) Chinook salmon

 (O. tshawytscha) DNA Standards.............................................................................................................................. 4

Figure 3. Boxplots showing (a) distribution of Coho salmon (O. kistuch) eDNA concentrations at each 

sample site type, and (b) distribution of Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) eDNA concentrations at each 

sample site type.......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Figure 4. Graphs showing (a) comparisons of mean Coho salmon (O. kisutch) eDNA concentrations 

between all site types, (b) comparisons of mean Chinook salmon(O. tshawytscha) eDNA concentrations 

between all site types ................................................................................................................................................. 7

Tables

Table 1. Environmental DNA (eDNA) samples with locations and date s................................................................... 2

Table 2. Specifications of molecular assays for Coho salmon (O. kisutch) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). .. 3

Table 3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table for differences in Coho salmon (O. kisutch) eDNA among 

sample types. ............................................................................................................................................................. 6

Table 4. Tukey multiple comparisons of means with 95 percent family-wise confidence level for 

Coho salmon (O. kisutch) eDNA among sample types............................................................................................... 6

Table 5. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table for differences in Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) 

environmental DNA (eDNA) among sample types...................................................................................................... 8

Table 6. Tukey multiple comparisons of means with 95 percent family-wise confidence level for 

Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) environmental DNA (eDNA) among sample types. .............................................. 8
iv

Conversion Factors

Inch/Pound to International System of Units

Multiply By To obtain

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

International System of Units to Inch/Pound

Multiply By To obtain

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)

milliliter (mL) 0.033814 fluid ounce (fl oz)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as °F = (1.8 × °C) + 32.

Datum

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).
1 

Salmon Redd Identification Using 

Environmental DNA (eDNA)

By David S. Pilliod and Matthew B. Laramie

Introduction

The purpose of this project was to develop a technique to use environmental DNA (eDNA) to 

distinguish between redds made by Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and redds made by 

Coho salmon (O. kisutch) and to distinguish utilized redds from test/abandoned redds or scours that 

have the appearance of redds. The project had two phases:

Phase 1. Develop, test, and optimize a molecular assay for detecting and identifying Coho salmon

DNA and differentiating it from Chinook salmon DNA. 

Phase 2. Demonstrate the efficacy of the technique. 

a. Collect and preserve water samples from the interstitial spaces of 10 known redds (as 

identified by expert observers) of each species and 10 gravel patches that do not 

include a redd of either species. 

b. Collect control samples from the water column adjacent to each redd to establish 

background eDNA levels. 

c. Analyze the samples using the developed molecular assays for Coho salmon (phase I) 

and Chinook salmon (Laramie and others, 2015). 

d. Evaluate whether samples collected from Chinook and Coho redds have significantly 

higher levels of eDNA of the respective species than background levels (that is, from 

gravel, water column). 

e. Evaluate whether samples collected from the interstitial spaces of gravel patches that 

are not redds are similar to background eDNA levels.

The Sandy River is a large tributary of the Columbia River (fig. 1). The Sandy River meets the 

Columbia River approximately 23 km upstream of Portland, Oregon. The Sandy River Basin provides 

overlapping spawning habitat for both Chinook and Coho salmon. 

Samples provided by Portland Water Bureau for analysis were collected from the Bull Run 

River, Sixes Creek, Still Creek, Arrah Wanna Side Channel, and Side Channel 18 (table 1). 
2 

Figure 1. Map showing Sandy River Basin in northwestern Oregon. (Map provided by Burke Strobel, Portland 

Water Bureau on 23 February 2015.) Approximate location of study area: 45O24’09.94”N, 122O01’29.40”W. 

Table 1. Environmental DNA (eDNA) samples with locations and date s. 

[Number of samples: Each site consisted of seven samples, including three redd/gravel replicates, three water 

column replicates, and one distilled water control] 

Sample location Date sample

collected

Number of 

sites

Number of 

samples

Bull Run River 11/14/2013 10 70

Bull Run River 11/26/2013 10 70

Sixes Creek 12/18/2013 4 28

Side Channel 18 12/16/2013 5 35

Arrah Wanna Side Channel 12/16/2013 1 7

Still Creek 01/15/2013 3 21

TOTALS 33 231
3 

Methods 

Water samples were collected by Burke Strobel, Portland Water Bureau, using sterile syringes, 

and 15 mL of the sample were added to a 50 mL Falcon® tube containing 1.5 mL sodium acetate and 33 

mL 200-proof EtOH. Falcon® tubes were chilled in a cooler in the field and placed in a refrigerator 

within 6 hours of sample collection. Samples were shipped to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 

Snake River Field Station on January 30, 2014. Samples were sealed in plastic bags and surrounded 

with ice. Samples arrived in good condition–cool, no leakage. Samples were stored at -20 °C in a 

refrigerator until DNA extraction from March 24 to June 11, 2014.

DNA was extracted from samples using methods described in Ficetola and others (2008). 

Samples were first centrifuged at 5,500 g for 35 minutes at 6 °C. The supernatant was discarded. The 

remaining pellet was then subjected to DNA extraction using a Qiagen DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit 

(Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany), following the manufacturers protocol, with the only exception being 

that the final elution was done using 100 μL AE buffer to further concentrate DNA. To reduce the 

effects of inhibitors that may be present in stream water, all samples were purified by post-extraction 

spin-column purification using OneStepTM PCR Inhibitor Removal Kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, 

California; Mckee and others, 2015). Purified DNA was stored in 0.5 mL cryo-vials at -20 °C. 

We used an existing Chinook molecular assay (Laramie and others, 2015) for analysis of 

Chinook eDNA. The Coho assay was designed by Marshal Hoy (USGS). Molecular probes for both 

species were labeled with 6FAM at the 5’ end and a minor groove binding non-fluorescent quencher 

(MGB-NFQ; Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, Iowa) at the 3’ end. Additional assay 

specifications are shown in table 2. Both assays were screened for specificity using DNA extracted from 

non-target tissue samples. None of the non-target DNA, in concentrations likely to be encountered in a 

natural system, was amplified using the Chinook and Coho molecular assays. DNA from tissue samples 

used to determine the specificity of the qPCR assays were extracted using a Qiagen DNeasy Blood & 

Tissue Kit (Qiagen, GmbH, Hilden, Germany), following the manufacturer’s protocol. Extracted DNA 

was stored in 0.5 mL cryo-vials at -20 °C. 

Table 2. Specifications of molecular assays for Coho salmon (O. kisutch) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha).

Target species Region Base pairs F-primer R-primer Probe

1

O. kisutch

(Coho) 

3

CYTB 114 CCT TGG TGG

CGG ATA TAC 

TTA TCT TA

GAA CTAG GAA

GAT GGC GAA

GTA GAT C 

6FAM-TGG AAC

ACC CAT TCA 

T-MGBNFQ

2

O. tshawytscha

(Chinook)

4

COI 90 CTG GCA CMG

GGT GAA CAG

TCT ACC

AAT GAA GGG

AGA AGA TCG

TYA GAT CA

6FAM-CTC CTG

CGT GGG CTA G 

MBGNFQ

1

Molecular assay developed by Marshal Hoy, Research Scientist, U.S. Geological Survey. 

2

Molecular assay developed by Laramie and others (2015). 

3

CYTB, cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial genome. 

4

COI, cytochrome oxidase subunit I region of the mitochondrial genome. 
4 

Reactions for qPCR analysis consisted of 15 μL total volume, consisting of 0.06 μL F-primer, 

0.06 μL R-primer, 0.03 μL probe, 0.6 μL AE buffer, 3.75 μL DNase-free H2O, 7.5 μL Quantitect 

Multiplex MasterMix, and 3 μL sample DNA extract. All qPCR analysis was conducted on a Life 

Technologies 7300 Real-time qPCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts). 

All qPCR reactions were singleplex.

Reactions using the Chinook assay used thermo-cycler conditions as follows: 2 minute warm up 

at 50 °C, 15 minute initial heat activation at 95 °C, followed by 50 cycles of 15 seconds denaturation at 

94 °C and 60 seconds annealing/extension at 70 °C. Data were collected during the annealing/extension 

stage. 

Reactions using the Coho assay utilized thermo-cycler conditions as follows: 2 minute warm up 

at 50 °C, 15-minute initial heat activation at 95 °C, followed by 50 cycles of 15 seconds denaturation at 

94 °C and 60 seconds annealing/extension at 60 °C. Data were collected during the annealing/extension 

stage.

Molecular Assay Performance

Standard curves for both Coho and Chinook salmon were created using eight-fold serial 

dilutions of DNA extracted from fin tissues of their respective species (fig. 2a, 2b). 

Figure 2. Graphs showing (a) Coho salmon (O. kisutch) DNA Standards (10-fold dilutions), Slope: -3.452282, 

Intercept: 23.026682, R2: 0.997334, Limit of Detection (LOD), based on standard dilutions: 3.067x10-5 ng/μL (3.067

pg/15 mL, mean Ct = 38.18962), Limit of Quantitation (LOQ), based on standard dilutions: 3.067e-004 ng/ μL L 

(30.67 pg/15 mL, mean Ct = 35.26478) and (b) Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) DNA Standards (10-fold 

dilutions), Slope: -3.394368, Intercept: 28.193533, R2: 0.984555, LOD, based on standard dilutions: 5.1e-005 ng/μL

(5.1 pg/15 mL, mean Ct = 39.7955), LOQ, based on standard dilutions: 0.0051 ng/μL (510 pg/15 mL, mean Ct = 

36.12991).
5 

Data Analysis

An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare mean eDNA concentrations 

(Coho and Chinook salmon) of each sample group; gravel, water, redds of both species, and three 

unknown redds. Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test (multiple comparisons of means, 95-

percent family-wise confidence level) was then performed to determine which group means were 

significantly different from each other. Means comparisons were plotted, along with 95-percent familywise confidence intervals. All statistical analyses were performed using R Statistical software (R Core 

Team, 2013). 

Preliminary Results

Analysis of negative controls.—None of the negative controls amplified using Coho and 

Chinook salmon molecular assays, including (1) distilled water negative-controls collected at each 

sampling site, (2) DNA extraction laboratory negative-controls, and (3) qPCR non-template controls. 

These preliminary findings indicate that no within-site (among samples) or among-site contamination 

occurred in the field, nor did any contamination interfere with sample analysis. 

Sample analysis using the Coho assay.—Analysis conducted using the Coho molecular assay 

detected eDNA concentrations ranging from 0 to 1,568.88 pg/15 mL, with a mean of 106.11 and median 

of 2.88 (fig. 3a). The sample type “O. kisutch redds” produced the highest mean concentration of Coho 

eDNA (494.65 pg/15 mL). Means for “O. tshawytscha redds,” “gravel,” and “water column” were 71.69 

pg/15 mL, 103.95 pg/mL, and 10.1 pg/mL, respectively. ANOVA indicated a statistical difference 

between means of the sample group types (Chinook salmon redds, Coho salmon redds, gravel, water; 

table 3). A Tukey’s HSD means comparison indicated only three group mean comparisons were 

statistically significant; Coho salmon eDNA concentrations for Coho salmon redds differed from gravel, 

water column, and Chinook salmon redds (table 4). Figure 4a indicates the direction and difference 

between the various means comparisons performed along with 95 percent family-wise confidence 

levels.
6 

Figure 3. Boxplots showing (a) distribution of Coho salmon (O. kistuch) eDNA concentrations at each sample site 

type, and (b) distribution of Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) eDNA concentrations at each sample site type. 

Thick horizontal lines represent sample medians, boxes represent quartiles, whiskers extend to minimum/maximum 

(excluding outliers), and circles represent outliers. 

Table 3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table for differences in Coho salmon (O. kisutch) eDNA among sample 

types.

Degrees 

of 

freedom

Sum of 

squares

Mean 

Square

F value Pr(>F)

Sample type 6 1847497 307916 8.1409 0.0000019 ***

Residuals 59 2231569 37823

Significance codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 

Response: Site replicate mean [eDNA] (pg/15 mL)

Table 4. Tukey multiple comparisons of means with 95 percent family-wise confidence level for Coho salmon (O. 

kisutch) eDNA among sample types.

Sample type Difference Lower 

bound

Upper bound Adjusted p value

O. kisutch redd - gravel 390.692957 125.2171 656.1688 0.0006345

O. tshawytscha redd - O. kisutch redd -422.953533 -688.4294 -157.4777 0.0001746

Water - O. kisutch redd -484.550148 -698.8329 -270.2674 0.0000001

Fit: aov(formula = Site replicate mean [eDNA] (pg/15 mL)~ Sample type, data = O. kisutch eDNA) 
7 

Figure 4. Graphs showing (a) comparisons of mean Coho salmon (O. kisutch) eDNA concentrations between all 

site types, (b) comparisons of mean Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) eDNA concentrations between all site types.

X-axis represents mean-difference deviation from zero (pg/15 mL).
8 

Sample analysis using the Chinook assay.—Analysis conducted using the Chinook molecular 

assay detected eDNA concentrations ranging from 0 to 870.69 pg/15 mL, with a mean of 63.98 and 

median of 4.57 (fig. 3b). The sample type “O. tshawytscha redds” produced the highest concentration of 

Chinook eDNA (296.64 pg/15 mL). Means for “O. kisutch redds,” “gravel,” and “water column” were 

4.83 pg/15 mL, 29.89 pg/mL, and 27.43 pg/mL, respectively. ANOVA indicated a statistical difference 

between means of the sample group types (Chinook salmon redds, Coho salmon redds, gravel, water; 

table 5). A Tukey’s HSD means comparison indicated only three group mean-comparisons were 

statistically significant; Chinook salmon eDNA concentrations found at Chinook salmon redds differed 

from gravel, water column, and Coho salmon redds (table 6). Figure 4b indicates the direction and 

difference between the various means comparisons performed along with 95 percent family-wise 

confidence intervals. 

Table 5. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table for differences in Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) environmental 

DNA (eDNA) among sample types.

Degrees 

of 

freedom

Sum of 

squares 

Mean 

Square

F value Pr(>F)

Sample type 6 643758 107293 9.3578 3.318e-07 ***

Residuals 59 676473 11466

Significance codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Response: Site replicate mean [eDNA] (pg/15 mL)

Table 6. Tukey multiple comparisons of means with 95 percent family-wise confidence level for Chinook salmon 

(O. tshawytscha) environmental DNA (eDNA) among sample types.

Sample type Difference Lower bound Upper bound Adjusted p-value

O. tshawytscha redd - gravel 266.7449 120.5793 412.91037 0.0000133

O. tshawytscha redd - O. kisutch redd 291.8099 145.6444 437.97538 0.0000018

Water - O. tshawytscha redd -269.2079 -387.1876 -151.22823 0.0000001

Fit: aov(formula = Site replicate mean [eDNA] (pg/15mL)~ Sample type, data = O. tshawytscha eDNA) 
9 

Sample analysis and assignment of three Unknown redds.—Chinook salmon mean eDNA 

concentrations at Unknown redd 1, Unknown redd 2, and Unknown redd 3 were 0.00 ±0.00SE, 4.14± 

4.14SE, and 0.00± 0.00SE, respectively. Coho salmon mean eDNA concentrations at Unknown redd 1, 

Unknown redd 2, and Unknown redd 3 were 12.86 ±6.32 SE, 0.72 ±0.54 SE, and 59.71 ±59.71 SE, 

respectively. The eDNA concentrations (for both species) recovered from these unknown redds was 

either zero or within the background levels of water or gravel. Therefore, none of the three unknown 

redds could confidently be assigned to either Chinook or Coho redds. However, Coho salmon eDNA 

concentrations were higher at Unknown redd 1 and Unknown redd 3, while Chinook salmon eDNA 

concentrations were only detected at Unknown redd 2. 

Note: Two sets of unknown redd sample vials (a set consists of three replicates of redd, three

replicates of water, and one DI negative control) were labeled as “Unk 1.” It was not possible to 

determine which sample set was mislabeled, as both sets were otherwise identical. The vials were 

isolated and shipped in separate plastic bags, a process that allowed for discrimination between the 

two sample sets despite the identical labels. Therefore, one set of samples was arbitrarily converted

in the laboratory to “Unk 2” prior to qPCR analysis. This change did not affect analysis or results. 

Acknowledgments

Coho salmon molecular assay was developed by Marshal Hoy, Research Scientist, U.S. 

Geological Survey. We thank Boise State University for use of some equipment and laboratory space. 

References Cited

Ficetola, G.F., Miaud, C., Pompanon, F., and Taberlet, P., 2008, Species detection using environmental 

DNA from water samples: Biology Letters, v. 4, p. 423–425. 

Laramie, M.B., Pilliod, D.S., and Goldberg, C.S., 2015, Characterizing the distribution of an 

endangered salmonid using environmental DNA analysis: Biological Conservation, v. 183, p. 29–37, 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.025. 

McKee, A.M., Spear, S.F., and Pierson, T.W., 2015, The effect of dilution and the use of a postextraction nucleic acid purification column on the accuracy, precision, and inhibition of 

environmental DNA samples: Biological Conservation, v. 183, p. 70–76. 

R Development Core Team, 2013, R—A language and environment for statistical computing: Vienna, 

Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, ISBN: 3-900051-07-0. [Also available at 

http://www.R-project.org/.]
10 

Appendix 1. Environmental DNA (eDNA) Concentrations for Coho Salmon (O. kisutch) and Chinook 

salmon (O. tshawytscha) from All Sites Sampled in the Sandy River Basin, northwestern Oregon, fall and 

winter 2013

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CK01RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK01RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK01RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK01WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK01WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK01WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK02RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK02RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 41.1153 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK02RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK02WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK02WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK02WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK03RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK03RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK03RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK03WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK03WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK03WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK04RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK04RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK04RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK04WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK04WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.2080 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK04WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3
11 

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CK05RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 2.1067 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK05RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 1.7400 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK05RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 2.1300 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK05WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.1987 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK05WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.1847 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK05WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK06RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 1.6367 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK06RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 2.2663 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK06RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.4167 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK06WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK06WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.5763 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK06WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 1.0133 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK07RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 211.6590 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK07RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 319.2550 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK07RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 333.0243 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK07WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 41.7900 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK07WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK07WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 29.4000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK08RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 95.8007 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK08RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 760.4840 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK08RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 365.7090 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK08WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK08WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 10.7333 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK08WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK09RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.7730 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK09RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 7.2533 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK09RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.6067 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK09WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK09WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK09WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3
12

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CK10RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.5240 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK10RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 1.0600 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK10RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 3.2233 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK10WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.7700 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK10WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK10WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CO01RA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 873.1010 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO01RB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 540.3803 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO01RC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 336.4547 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO01WA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 85.8000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO01WB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 53.1010 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO01WC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO02RA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO02RB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 320.9270 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO02RC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO02WA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 12.5667 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO02WB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 4.2000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO02WC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 13.4000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO03RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO03RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO03RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 1022.4900 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO03WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 2.3600 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO03WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 3.0100 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO03WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 5.3300 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO04RA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 154.4717 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO04RB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 32.7667 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO04RC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 10.8267 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO04WA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 1.2533 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO04WB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 3.3267 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO04WC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 2.2993 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3
13

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CO05RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 1101.0497 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO05RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 466.4827 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO05RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 581.6717 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO05WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 40.3530 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO05WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 16.9333 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO05WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 18.1000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO06RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 79.3717 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO06RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 792.9467 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO06RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 365.4017 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO06WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 1.2700 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO06WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 0.7017 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO06WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 2.1533 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO07RA 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. kisutch CytB 538.9067 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO07RB 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. kisutch CytB 358.3360 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO07RC 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. kisutch CytB 183.6263 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO07WA 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. kisutch CytB 5.0467 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO07WB 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. kisutch CytB 5.1600 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO07WC 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. kisutch CytB 2.2967 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO08RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 1989.5000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO08RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 70.2000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO08RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 3.7667 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO08WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 1.2567 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO08WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 1.2467 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO08WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO09RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 223.5923 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO09RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 22.4000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO09RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 64.0667 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO09WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 1.4370 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1
14

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CO09WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 2.3200 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO09WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. kisutch CytB 2.5967 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO10RA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 32.3667 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO10RB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 8.8033 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO10RC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 4665.4833 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO10WA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 1.2310 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO10WB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.2007 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO10WC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.1843 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

GR01A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.7667 None Gravel 1

GR01B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 2

GR01C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 4.9167 None Gravel 3

GR01WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1

GR01WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 2

GR01WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

GR02A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 1

GR02B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 2

GR02C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 110.5487 None Gravel 3

GR02WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1

GR02WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 2

GR02WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

GR03A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 1

GR03B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.7647 None Gravel 2

GR03C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.4500 None Gravel 3

GR03WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1

GR03WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 2

GR03WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

GR04A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 38.3617 None Gravel 1

GR04B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 102.1077 None Gravel 2

GR04C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 3

GR04WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1
15

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

GR04WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 2

GR04WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

GR05A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 288.8107 None Gravel 1

GR05B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 254.0207 None Gravel 2

GR05C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 175.3717 None Gravel 3

GR05WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 87.3133 None water 1

GR05WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 2

GR05WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

GR06A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 183.3780 None Gravel 1

GR06B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 113.1340 None Gravel 2

GR06C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 1151.8350 None Gravel 3

GR06WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1

GR06WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 2

GR06WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

GR07A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.6267 None Gravel 1

GR07B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0076 None Gravel 2

GR07C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 9.7167 None Gravel 3

GR07WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1

GR07WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 2

GR07WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.4267 None water 3

GR08A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 1

GR08B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 2

GR08C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 3

GR08WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1

GR08WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 2

GR08WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

GR09A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 81.7003 None Gravel 1

GR09B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None Gravel 2

GR09C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 583.7227 None Gravel 3

GR09WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1
16

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

GR09WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 203.8467 None water 2

GR09WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

GR10A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 16.7333 None Gravel 1

GR10B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0080 None Gravel 2

GR10C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 1.6200 None Gravel 3

GR10WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 1

GR10WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.2557 None water 2

GR10WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 None water 3

UNK01RA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 3.8813 Unknown Redd 1

UNK01RB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 25.0667 Unknown Redd 2

UNK01RC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 9.6367 Unknown Redd 3

UNK01WA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown water 1

UNK01WB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown water 2

UNK01WC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown water 3

UNK02RA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 1.7833 Unknown Redd 1

UNK02RB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.3733 Unknown Redd 2

UNK02RC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown Redd 3

UNK02WA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown water 1

UNK02WB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown water 2

UNK02WC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 284.8343 Unknown water 3

UNK03RA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 179.1353 Unknown Redd 1

UNK03RB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown Redd 2

UNK03RC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown Redd 3

UNK03WA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown water 1

UNK03WB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 0.0000 Unknown water 2

UNK03WC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. kisutch CytB 48.8367 Unknown water 3

CK01RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 178.5853 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK01RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 260.4847 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK01RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 89.0983 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK01WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 87.6147 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1
17

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CK01WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 218.5640 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK01WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 16.1000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK02RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 261.5873 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK02RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 166.3707 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK02RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 219.1917 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK02WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 78.9000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK02WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 199.3390 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK02WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 378.6940 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK03RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 344.0073 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK03RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 335.5297 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK03RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 87.0577 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK03WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 13.7333 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK03WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 57.9100 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK03WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 35.1333 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK04RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 201.5137 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK04RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 259.8697 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK04RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 240.3683 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK04WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 121.2920 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK04WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 102.2447 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK04WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 47.1667 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK05RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 286.9430 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK05RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 63.1770 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK05RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 151.5153 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK05WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 30.2000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK05WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 63.3197 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK05WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 20.4000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK06RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 133.7667 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK06RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 280.2207 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK06RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 129.2073 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK06WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 90.7270 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1
18

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CK06WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 124.0723 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK06WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 113.9230 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK07RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 205.3013 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK07RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0540 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK07RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 113.5967 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK07WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 27.9000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK07WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 34.6667 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK07WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 116.7387 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK08RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 33.0369 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK08RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 109.1894 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK08RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 1818.2493 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK08WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 28.5985 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK08WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 36.2548 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK08WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 7.1027 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK09RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 806.5780 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK09RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 1310.4433 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK09RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 495.0417 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK09WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 53.3333 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK09WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 57.5633 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK09WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 45.1467 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CK10RA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 89.3580 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 1

CK10RB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 152.3263 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 2

CK10RC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 77.4720 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) Redd 3

CK10WA 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 76.1620 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 1

CK10WB 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 44.0000 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 2

CK10WC 11/14/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 20.1667 O. tshawytscha (Chinook) water 3

CO01RA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 3.9233 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO01RB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 2.5767 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO01RC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO01WA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1
19

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CO01WB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO01WC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO02RA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO02RB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO02RC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO02WA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO02WB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO02WC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 12.1667 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO03RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO03RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO03RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO03WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO03WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO03WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO04RA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 55.3100 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO04RB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 78.6197 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO04RC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO04WA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 21.4333 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO04WB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 5.9333 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO04WC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO05RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO05RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 1.6957 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO05RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 2.7200 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO05WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO05WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 2.5333 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO05WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO06RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO06RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO06RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO06WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1
20

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

CO06WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO06WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO07RA 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO07RB 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO07RC 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO07WA 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO07WB 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO07WC 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna 

Side Channel

O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO08RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO08RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO08RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO08WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO08WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO08WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO09RA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO09RB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO09RC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO09WA 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO09WB 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO09WC 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18 O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

CO10RA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 1

CO10RB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 2

CO10RC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) Redd 3

CO10WA 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 14.9667 O. kisutch (Coho) water 1

CO10WB 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 2

CO10WC 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 O. kisutch (Coho) water 3

GR01A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 1

GR01B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 2
21

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

GR01C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 36.0667 None Gravel 3

GR01WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 1

GR01WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 2

GR01WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 3

GR02A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 6.3667 None Gravel 1

GR02B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 2

GR02C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 3

GR02WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 1

GR02WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 2

GR02WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 3

GR03A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 239.5760 None Gravel 1

GR03B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 168.0500 None Gravel 2

GR03C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 6.7333 None Gravel 3

GR03WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 23.7667 None water 1

GR03WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 2

GR03WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 3

GR04A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 1

GR04B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.7200 None Gravel 2

GR04C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 1.0067 None Gravel 3

GR04WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 1

GR04WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 2

GR04WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 3

GR05A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 1

GR05B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.2835 None Gravel 2

GR05C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 3

GR05WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 1

GR05WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 2

GR05WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 3

GR06A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 53.1492 None Gravel 1

GR06B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 21.5795 None Gravel 2
22

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

GR06C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 28.2565 None Gravel 3

GR06WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 50.9030 None water 1

GR06WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 42.5484 None water 2

GR06WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.2319 None water 3

GR07A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 53.2333 None Gravel 1

GR07B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 8.9333 None Gravel 2

GR07C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 17.9000 None Gravel 3

GR07WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 1

GR07WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 81.7817 None water 2

GR07WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 20.8000 None water 3

GR08A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 1

GR08B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 2

GR08C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 3

GR08WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 1

GR08WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 2

GR08WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 3

GR09A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 3.9660 None Gravel 1

GR09B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 24.6396 None Gravel 2

GR09C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 220.4252 None Gravel 3

GR09WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 1

GR09WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 19.3195 None water 2

GR09WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 3

GR10A 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.3567 None Gravel 1

GR10B 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None Gravel 2

GR10C 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 5.5533 None Gravel 3

GR10WA 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 None water 1

GR10WB 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 9.8000 None water 2

GR10WC 11/26/2013 Bull Run River O. tshawytscha COI 62.4333 None water 3

UNK01RA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown Redd 1

UNK01RB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown Redd 2
23

Sample Date Location Detector eDNA 

(pg/15mL) Species Sample type Replicate

UNK01RC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown Redd 3

UNK01WA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 1

UNK01WB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 2

UNK01WC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 3

UNK02RA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown Redd 1

UNK02RB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 12.4333 Unknown Redd 2

UNK02RC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown Redd 3

UNK02WA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 1

UNK02WB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 2

UNK02WC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 3

UNK03RA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown Redd 1

UNK03RB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown Redd 2

UNK03RC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown Redd 3

UNK03WA 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 1

UNK03WB 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 2

UNK03WC 1/15/2013 Still Creek O. tshawytscha COI 0.0000 Unknown water 3
24

Appendix 2. Difference (∆) Between Mean Environmental DNA (eDNA) Concentrations near the 

Substrate and in the Water Column (for O. kisutch and O. tshawytscha) at Each Site in the Sandy River 

Basin, northwestern Oregon, fall and winter 2013

Site

Substrate 

eDNA Coho

pg/15mL

Water eDNA 

Coho

pg/15mL

∆ eDNA 

Coho

Substrate 

eDNA Chinook 

pg/15mL

Water eDNA 

Chinook 

pg/15mL

∆ eDNA 

Chinook Species Date Stream

CO01 583.3120 46.3003 537.0117 2.1667 0.0000 2.1667 Coho 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek

CO02 106.9757 10.0556 96.9201 0.0000 4.0556 -4.0556 Coho 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek

CO03 340.8300 3.5667 337.2633 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Coho 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18

CO04 66.0217 2.2931 63.7286 44.6432 9.1222 35.5210 Coho 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek

CO05 716.4013 25.1288 691.2726 1.4719 0.8444 0.6274 Coho 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18

CO06 412.5733 1.3750 411.1983 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Coho 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18

CO07 360.2897 4.1678 356.1219 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Coho 12/16/2013 Arrah Wanna Side 

Channel

CO08 687.8222 0.8344 686.9878 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Coho 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18

CO09 103.3530 2.1179 101.2351 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Coho 12/16/2013 Side Channel 18

CO10 1,568.8844 0.5387 1,568.3458 0.0000 4.9889 -4.9889 Coho 12/18/2013 Sixes Creek

CK01 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 176.0561 107.4262 68.6299 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK02 13.7051 0.0000 13.7051 215.7166 218.9777 -3.2611 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK03 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 255.5316 35.5922 219.9393 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK04 0.0000 0.0693 -0.0693 233.9172 90.2344 143.6828 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK05 1.9922 0.1278 1.8644 167.2118 37.9732 129.2386 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK06 1.4399 0.5299 0.9100 181.0649 109.5741 71.4908 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK07 287.9794 23.7300 264.2494 106.3173 59.7684 46.5489 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK08 407.3312 3.5778 403.7534 653.4919 23.9853 629.5066 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK09 2.8777 0.0000 2.8777 870.6877 52.0144 818.6732 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

CK10 1.6024 0.2567 1.3458 106.3854 46.7762 59.6092 Chinook 11/14/2013 Bull Run River

GR01 1.8944 0.0000 1.8944 12.0222 0.0000 12.0222 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River
25

Site

Substrate 

eDNA Coho

pg/15mL

Water eDNA 

Coho

pg/15mL

∆ eDNA 

Coho

Substrate 

eDNA Chinook 

pg/15mL

Water eDNA 

Chinook 

pg/15mL

∆ eDNA 

Chinook Species Date Stream

GR02 36.8496 0.0000 36.8496 2.1222 0.0000 2.1222 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

GR03 0.4049 0.0000 0.4049 138.1198 7.9222 130.1976 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

GR04 46.8231 0.0000 46.8231 0.5756 0.0000 0.5756 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

GR05 239.4010 29.1044 210.2966 0.0945 0.0000 0.0945 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

GR06 482.7823 0.0000 482.7823 34.3284 31.2278 3.1006 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

GR07 3.4503 0.1422 3.3081 26.6889 34.1939 -7.5050 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

GR08 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

GR09 221.8077 67.9489 153.8588 83.0103 6.4398 76.5704 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

GR10 6.1205 0.0852 6.0352 1.9700 24.0778 -22.1078 None 11/26/2013 Bull Run River

UNK01 12.8616 0.0000 12.8616 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unknown 1/15/2013 Still Creek

UNK02 0.7189 94.9448 -94.2259 4.1444 0.0000 4.1444 Unknown 1/15/2013 Still Creek

UNK03 59.7118 16.2789 43.4329 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unknown 1/15/2013 Still Creek

Publishing support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey

Science Publishing Network, Tacoma Publishing Service Center

For more information concerning the research in this report, contact the

 Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

U.S. Geological Survey

777 NW 9th St., Suite 400

Corvallis, Oregon 97330

http://fresc.usgs.gov/
Pilliod and Laramie—Salmon Redd Identification Using Environmental DNA (eDNA)—Open-FIle Report 2016–1091

ISSN 2331-1258 (online)

http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161091