# Patent

## Title
Tapered helical auger turbine to convert hydrokinetic energy into electrical energy

## Abstract

A helical multi-piece auger that is rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy is provided. The helical multi-piece auger may include several interior pieces and two tapered end-pieces mounted on a central shaft. The pieces may include an outer spiral flange perpendicular, in both directions, to a portion of helical auger. Each tapered end-piece may be tapered with respect to both the outer diameter of a helical auger portion, and the width of an outer spiral flange. Each tapered end-piece may have an outer edge that effectively merges with the central shaft of the multi-piece auger over a radial arc of between 90 and 180 degrees. The helical multi-piece auger may include wing-shaped nose cones that are axially offset with respect to each other and house hydraulic components. The helical multi-piece auger may be rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/902,292, filed Oct. 12, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/774,309, filed May 5, 2010, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/400,617, filed Mar. 9, 2009, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/116,540, filed Nov. 20, 2008, the entirety of all are incorporated by reference herein. Further, this patent application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/640,855, filed Dec. 17, 2009, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/400,617.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present application relates to a hydrokinetic energy converter, and particularly to a tapered helical auger turbine that can be coupled by hydraulic circuits to a generator to produce electricity from flowing water.
BACKGROUND
Many proposals have been made for generating electricity from tidal and other water flows, using hydrokinetic energy generation. A Policy Statement issued on Nov. 30, 2007 by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission stated that “[e]stimates suggest that new hydrokinetic technologies, if fully developed, could double the amount of hydropower production in the United States, bringing it from just under 10 percent to close to 20 percent of the national electric energy supply. Given the potential benefits of this new, clean power source, the Commission has taken steps to lower the regulatory barriers to its development.” (FERC Policy Statement No. PL08-1-000). Initial proposals for hydrokinetic generation used turbine blades that were able to rotate under pressure from the flow of water. However, such systems were often only able to operate when the water was flowing in one direction. Even if energy could be generated from a tidal flow in both directions of flow, other significant issues arise because peak power flow is only available from a tidal flow at roughly 12-hour intervals. This can cause issues with maximum grid capacities needed to transmit the generated power. Storage devices to smooth out dispatch of power are desirable, but land requirements for the huge batteries, dual reservoir requirements for hydro storage and low efficiency of fuel cells have made known storage devices too expensive to be effective. Thus, known hydrokinetic devices have not been economically viable.
Generally, four types of hydrokinetic devices have been tested in recent years. These are: horizontal axis turbines, vertical axis turbines, oscillating hydrofoils and a Venturi system where water is accelerated through a “choke system” to create a pressure drop that can be used to drive turbines. One example of a vertical helical turbine generator is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,036,443 to Gorlov. Gorlov discloses a vertically oriented helical turbine which includes helical airfoil-shaped blades that are arranged in a spiral about a central shaft. The helical arrangement allows the turbine generator to be used in multidirectional fluid flows. An array of the turbines can be provided to increase power output. U.S. Pat. No. 4,384,212 to Lapeyre discloses a horizontally mounted helical turbine that is used on the surface to translate surface wave energy into electrical energy. Another surface mounted helical generator is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,154,397 to Cook.
Significant issues are also caused by known devices to marine life, which can be harmed by the rotating turbine blades. Various proposals to reduce the damage to marine life includes encasing the turbine blades in a wire mesh cage, which adds to the expense of the installation and only act to protect larger animals such as turtles from coming into contact with the blades. However, the cages do nothing to prevent smaller fish from being harmed. Additionally, many proposed turbine blades can suffer damage from water-borne debris, and even shipping. Due to these problems, acceptance of hydrokinetic devices by local communities and environmentally aware groups has not been as strong as hoped for, and the reliability of the devices has been limited.
Most previous hydrokinetic generation proposals additionally involve providing a rigid housing or anchoring system to retain the generator. This can be prohibitively expensive, as it can involve anchoring installations, and also the installation of energy supply cabling and pipes. Additionally, once installed, there is typically not much flexibility to allow the turbines to move with different water flows. Various proposals exist to ameliorate these difficulties, including U.S. Pat. No. 4,849,647 to McKenzie discloses a floating helical turbine which is connected to a tether line by a flexible ball joint. U.S. Pat. No. 4,708,592 to Krolick et al. discloses a non-rigid helicoidal wind turbine that uses a flexible fabric sheet to form the helix, and which can be tethered to existing mast structures using swivel joints.
For the foregoing reasons, none of the suggested hydrokinetic energy devices have been successful in practice. Thus, there remains a need for an hydrokinetic energy generator that is efficient, can work in a variety of water flow situations possibly including an ice/water mix, and which does not harm marine life.
SUMMARY
In accordance with one aspect of the exemplary embodiments, a helical auger turbine is disclosed for use as a hydrokinetic device to capture, store, and steadily release energy to drive remote electrical generators. The auger turbine includes a generally helical turbine blade rotatably mounted on a central shaft, and a flange extending perpendicularly to an edge of the turbine blade. The outside spiral flange captures a larger percentage of the moving fluid energy than a simple blade. At least one turbine blade support connection is included for connecting the central shaft to a support structure. An electrical generator may be powered by the helical auger turbine, either remotely through an intermediary device or directly. The helical auger turbine can operate a high pressure pump connected to a hydraulic accumulator for storing pressurized hydraulic fluid. An electrical generator can be operated from fluid stored in the hydraulic accumulator at times of slow water flow. A plurality of helical auger turbines can be horizontally oriented under water, tethered to legs of an ocean platform such as an oil rig secured to the seabed.
The hydrokinetic renewable energy system/method according to the invention generates electricity with no carbon footprint. It can generate totally clean electricity 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with no peaks and troughs in the energy supply due to the variations in tidal flow.
The turbine blade support connection can comprise a nose cone which is adapted to maintain the orientation of the helical auger turbine parallel to a fluid flow direction. The turbine can be formed of at least one of rotationally molded plastics and carbon fiber, and may have internal metal reinforcement structures sufficient to withstand the horizontal forces of fast moving water. The flange can extend to both sides of the turbine blade, and may have rounded edges. A width of the spiral flange can be equal to approximately 25% of the diameter of the helical turbine blade, ±approximately 10%.
In some arrangements, a width of the turbine blade is reduced at each end to provide tapered terminal sections. In some arrangements, the tapered terminal sections may be free of the spiral flange, which may itself be tapered at the start or prior to the tapered terminal sections of the turbine blade.
In accordance with another aspect of the exemplary arrangements, a hydrokinetic device includes at least one helical auger turbine having a generally helical turbine blade rotatably mounted on a central shaft, a flange extending perpendicularly to an edge of the turbine blade, and at least one turbine blade support connection for connecting the central shaft to a support structure. A high pressure pump is operated by the at least one helical turbine, the high pressure pump operating on fluid in a hydraulic circuit. A hydraulic accumulator is provided for storing pressurized hydraulic fluid from the high pressure pump, and an electrical generator is operable from the hydraulic circuit.
In certain arrangements, valves can be provided in the hydraulic circuit so that the electrical generator can be operated by stored high pressure fluid from the hydraulic accumulator at times of slow water flow.
In some arrangements, valves can be provided in the hydraulic circuit so that flow of fluid in at least a part of the hydraulic circuit can be reversed when the helical auger turbine is rotated in opposite directions by the reversing water flow.
In some arrangements, the hydraulic circuit can operate a hydraulic piston motor, the hydraulic piston motor being connected to the electrical generator.
In one aspect, a helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy may be provided. The helical multi-piece auger may include an interior section having a first helical portion and a first central portion. The first helical portion may be configured to have (1) between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees of angled movement with respect to a longitudinal axis of a central shaft, and (2) a first radial arc extending between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. The first central portion may have a first cylindrical opening of a first inner diameter. The helical multi-piece auger may include an exterior section having a second helical portion and a second central portion. The second helical portion may have a second radial arc extending between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 90 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. The exterior section may have a second central portion having a second cylindrical opening of a second inner diameter. The central shaft may be configured to have a cylindrical exterior having an outer diameter. The outer diameter of the central shaft may be approximately equal to or less than both the first inner diameter of the first central portion and the second inner diameter of the second central portion such that the interior and exterior sections are sized to be mounted onto the central shaft. The interior and exterior sections may be configured to non-overlappingly interconnect with each other such that the first helical portion of the interior section and the second helical portion of the exterior section are non-overlapping, and the interconnected interior and exterior sections form at least a portion of the helical multi-piece auger that is rotatable by a moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger.
In another aspect, a helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy may be provided. The helical multi-piece auger may include an interior section having a first helical portion and a first central portion. The first helical portion may be configured to have a first radial arc extending between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 120 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. The first central portion may have a first cylindrical opening of a first inner diameter. The helical multi-piece auger may have an exterior section having a second helical portion and a second central portion. The second helical portion may have a second radial arc extending between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 90 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. The exterior section may have a second central portion having a second cylindrical opening of a second inner diameter. The central shaft may be configured to have a cylindrical exterior having an outer diameter. The outer diameter of the central shaft may be approximately equal to or less than both the first inner diameter of the first central portion and the second inner diameter of the second central portion such that the interior and exterior sections are sized to be mounted onto the central shaft. The interior and exterior sections may be configured to non-overlappingly interconnect with each other such that the first helical portion of the interior section and the second helical portion of the exterior section are non-overlapping and substantially flush with one another, and the interconnected interior and exterior sections form at least a portion of the helical multi-piece auger that is rotatable by a moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger.
In another aspect, a method of assembling a helical multi-piece auger may be provided. The method may include mounting two or more interior sections each having a first helical portion and a first central portion onto a central shaft having a cylindrical exterior having an outer diameter. The first helical portion of each of the two or more interior sections may be configured to have a first radial arc extending between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. The first central portion of each of the two or more interior sections may be configured to have a first cylindrical opening of a first inner diameter. The first inner diameter of the two or more interior sections may be approximately equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the central shaft such that the two or more interior sections are sized to be mounted onto the central shaft. The method may include interconnecting the central shaft and/or the helical multi-piece auger after assembly with a generator configured to generate energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger caused by a moving fluid acting on the two or more interior sections mounted on the central shaft. The two or more interior sections may be configured to non-overlappingly interconnect with each other such that adjoining surfaces of adjacent ones of the two or more interior sections are flush or substantially flush with one another to reduce turbulent flow of the moving fluid moving over the first helical portion of the two or more interior sections, and the interconnected two or more interior sections form at least a portion of the helical multi-piece auger that is rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy via the interconnected generator.
In another aspect, a helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy may be provided. The helical multi-piece auger may include two helical blades mounted onto a central shaft, each helical blade comprising multiple pieces. The multiple pieces may include at least one constant section. The at least one constant section may have a first piece of helical blade and a first outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a first outer edge of the first piece of helical blade. The first outer flange may have an approximately constant width and be configured to capture at least a percentage of an energy of the moving fluid. The first outer spiral flange may extend to both sides of the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section. The multiple pieces may further include two tapered end-sections. Each tapered end-section may have a second piece of helical blade and a second outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a second outer edge of the second piece of helical blade. The second outer spiral flange may have a tapered width that is tapered moving from a vicinity of the at least one constant section toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange only partially covers a length of the second outer edge. The second piece of helical blade may have a tapered diameter such that the second outer edge tapers inward toward the central shaft until the second outer edge engages an opposite side of the central shaft from where the tapering inward of the second outer edge commenced. The helical multi-piece auger may include a first and a second nose cone mounted on a left and a right end of the central shaft, respectively. The first and second nose cones may both be configured to have a winged-shape body. The first and second nose cones may be orientated such that a first longitudinal axis of the first nose cone is axially offset from a second longitudinal axis of the second nose cone. The helical multi-piece auger may be rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger.
In another aspect, a helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy may be provided. The helical multi-piece auger may include two helical blades mounted onto a central shaft, each helical blade comprising multiple pieces. The multiple pieces may include at least one constant section. The at least one constant section may have a first piece of helical blade and a first outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a first outer edge of the first piece of helical blade. The first outer spiral flange may extend to both sides of the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section. The multiple pieces may include two tapered end-sections. Each tapered end-section may have a second piece of helical blade and a second outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a second outer edge of the second piece of helical blade. The second outer spiral flange may have a tapered width that is tapered moving from a vicinity of the at least one constant section toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange only partially covers a length of the second outer edge. The helical multi-piece auger may include a first and a second nose cone mounted on a left and a right end of the central shaft, respectively. The first and second nose cones may both be configured to have a winged-shape body. The first and second nose cones may be orientated such that a first longitudinal axis of the first nose cone is axially offset from a second longitudinal axis of the second nose cone. The helical multi-piece auger may be rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger.
In another aspect, a helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy may be provided. The helical multi-piece auger may include two helical blades mounted onto a central shaft, each helical blade comprising multiple pieces. The multiple pieces may include at least one constant section. The at least one constant section may have a first piece of helical blade and a first outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly from a first outer edge of the first piece of helical blade. The first outer spiral flange may have an approximately constant width and be configured to capture at least a percentage of an energy of the moving fluid. The first outer spiral flange may extend to both sides of the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section. The multiple pieces may include two tapered end-sections. Each tapered end-section may have a second piece of helical blade and a second outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly from a second outer edge of the second piece of helical blade. The second outer spiral flange may have a tapered width that is tapered moving from a vicinity of the at least one constant section moving toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange only partially covers a length of the second outer edge. The second piece of helical blade may have a tapered diameter such that the second outer edge tapers inward from a vicinity of the at least one constant section and toward the central shaft until the second outer edge engages an opposite side of the central shaft from where the tapering inward of the second outer edge commenced. The helical multi-piece auger may be rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger.
The above-described and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, drawings, and appended claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c are top, side and end perspective views of a tapered helical auger turbine according to arrangements of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a tapered helical auger connected according to arrangements of the invention.
FIGS. 3a and 3b are perspective and end views of center sections of a helical auger according to arrangements of the invention.
FIG. 4 is an end view of a center section of a helical auger according to arrangements of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a nose cone for connection to a helical auger according to arrangements of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a plurality of tapered helical augers connected to a sea platform having a hydraulically driven electrical generator.
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of an arrangement of hydraulic circuit for a hydrokinetic system according to arrangements of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of another arrangement of hydraulic circuits for a hydrokinetic system according to arrangements of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a hydrokinetic system according to arrangements of the invention.
FIG. 10 is an exemplary helical multi-piece auger having multiple radial and interlocking sections.
FIG. 11 is an exemplary method of manufacturing and assembly of the helical multi-piece auger.
FIG. 12 is a different perspective of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger having multiple radial and interlocking sections.
FIG. 13 is an exemplary radial and interlocking interior section of the helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 depicts two exemplary adjacent radial and interlocking interior sections of the helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 12.
FIG. 15 depicts interconnecting two adjacent radial and interlocking interior sections of the helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 12.
FIG. 16 depicts interconnecting a radial and interlocking interior section with a tapered end section of the helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 12.
FIG. 17 depicts a side view of an exemplary helical multi-piece auger having multiple radial and interlocking sections, and two-nose cones having different axial orientations.
FIGS. 18 and 19 depict perspective views of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 17.
FIG. 20 depicts a right-end view of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 17.
FIG. 21 depicts a left-end view of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 17.
FIG. 22 depicts another side view of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 17 and with the nose cones having been rotated.
FIGS. 23-26 depict various perspective views of an exemplary nose cone design having an internal hydraulic system.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described with respect to a helical auger turbine that can be used in a hydrokinetic energy converter, specifically one that can be used in a tidal flow or river flow. It should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to other types of hydrokinetic devices and generators, and even to wind generators.
Referring to the drawings, an exemplary auger turbine 10 is shown. The auger 10 is preferably formed of a lightweight material, such as rotationally molded plastics or molded carbon fiber. It will be appreciated that any suitable material may be used. Reinforcing structures, such as metal ribbing, may be included internally in the turbine blade. In order to aid buoyancy, the auger may be hollow, or can include air pockets or other buoyancy aids. In a preferred arrangement, the helical auger turbine 10 comprises a helical turbine blade 11 provided with a flange 12 at the edge of the blade. The flange 12 is arranged generally perpendicularly to the helical turbine blade 11. In a preferred arrangement, the edges of the flange 12 are smoothly curved, and the turbine blade may also have a gently curved center. In a preferred arrangement, the flange is approximately equal to 25%±10% of the outside diameter of the flange. For example, in an auger 10 that has a 16′ diameter, the flange 12 can be 2′-6′ in width, preferably 3′-5′.
At each end of the turbine blade 11, a tapered terminal section 13 is provided. In the tapered section 13, the diameter of the turbine blade 11 is gradually and smoothly reduced so that it is tapered into a central shaft 14. No flange is provided at the edge of the tapered terminal section 13, and in a preferred arrangement, ends of the flange 12 leading into the tapered sections 13 are reduced in diameter, to prevent the formation of a sharp edge to the flange that could damage marine life. The tapered sections 13 help to reduce damage to marine life that may come into contact with the auger 10 from either direction, by providing a tapered lead in. A tapered shape is also more tolerant of water-borne or floating debris, and is less likely to suffer damage therefrom. In one exemplary arrangement, the diameter of the turbine blade 11 can be reduced in the tapered sections 13 from, for example, 16′ to 4′ within 140-180 degrees of rotation of the helix, for example within 165 degrees of rotation.
The helical turbine blade 11 preferably has a 45° pitch, although it will be appreciated that any suitable pitch may be used. The turbine can be supplied in sections of 45° arc or 90° arc that can be assembled together and locked onto the central shaft 14, producing a smooth helical spiral. This permits assembly of the auger 10 on site to suit the intended application and desired size of the energy capturing zone. Typically, a completed auger 10 will have 360° of arc, but of course more or fewer turns of the helix may be used in different applications by adding fewer or more sections.
The auger 10 is designed to rotate relatively slowly with the tidal flow, and the large size and smoothly curved edges allow marine life such as fish to safely move around the blade without becoming trapped or injured. The flange 12 allows the auger to capture water flows coming from various directions to help turn the auger 10 even with a slow flow or if the flow comes from a non-ideal direction.
The central shaft 14 of the auger 10 is hollow, through which an axle shaft can extend. With a 16′ diameter auger, the shaft 14 can have a diameter of 18′′ although of course any suitable size can be employed. The axle shaft can be connected at either end to one or more nose cones 16, and allows the auger 10 to rotate on bearings. The nose cones 16 can be connected by mooring cables 18 to anchors (not shown) that can anchor the auger 10 to the seabed or to joints tethered to an oil rig leg or other securing structure. The nose cones 16 can be provided adjacent to the tapered terminal sections 13 where the diameter of the auger 10 is reduced, in order to prevent pinch points between the auger and nose cone 16.
The augers 10 can be anchored in any suitable manner (such as by cables, tether, fasteners, etc.) to any suitable support structure. In one embodiment, the auger can be secured to the legs of an oil rig 20, as shown in FIG. 6. A plurality of augers can be distributed in any suitable manner on the rig 20. The augers can be submerged at a sufficient depth in a body of water so that they are away from floating debris, trees, logs, ice, etc. In some arrangements, the augers 10 can be tethered in place at depths of approximately 8′-10′ below the lowest tides, to avoid floating debris. The augers 10 can be oriented generally horizontally, and can be oriented with their central shaft 14 approximately parallel to the tidal or river flow for maximum energy capture. The augers can be adapted to allow for changes in the vertical level of the water in which they are submerged, and can capture tidal flow without horizontal orientation as other tidal generators must do to always be in the same direction with respect to the water flow. To that end, each auger 10 can include horizontal stabilizers with computer controlled ailerons to hold the auger horizontal and parallel to the tidal flow.
The rotation of the augers can be transmitted to power a hydraulic pump, which can generate high pressure oil that can be used for any suitable purpose. The system can be adapted so that water flow in either direction can operate the auger and can store energy in an accumulator, as shown particularly in FIGS. 7-9. During high flow periods, water flow will turn the auger 10. The rotation of the auger can be transmitted to operate the pump, which, in turn, will store hydraulic energy in the accumulator. During low flow periods, the stored energy in the accumulator can be released to continue the steady operation of the electric generator.
The accumulator can function as follows. During water flow, rotation of the augers 10 can be transmitted, such as by gears, to operate a high pressure hydraulic pump such as a stationary pressure compensated variable volume hydraulic motor/pump 30 that can be located in the stationary tethered nose cone assembly 16 with all necessary radial and thrust bearings also housed in the nose cone. In some arrangements, a planetary gearing system 31 can be provided inside the nose cone 16 or another part of the auger 10 to increase the relatively low speed of revolutions per minute of the auger 10 to a level of RPM that can be efficiently used to power the pump 30. The pump 30 can be in fluid communication with an air-fluid accumulator 32, and can be bi-directional to maintain a constant high pressure of hydraulic oil at all speeds irrespective of whether it is accelerating or decelerating or reversing during the cyclic tidal flow. This can be accomplished by a series of criss-cross check valves 34 on a hydraulic circuit 36.
Referring to FIG. 7 in particular, a vented elevated hydraulic fluid storage tank 38 can be supplied to store oil or other hydraulic fluid. It is preferred that all hydraulic fluid is water based and non-flammable so that any leakages in the system due to debris impact will not create a danger or an oil spill. When the tidal flow is ebbing or slowing, the auger 10 is not moving, or is moving too slowly to generate electricity. In this instance, a system controller causes the criss-cross check valves 34 to be closed so that hydraulic fluid flows from the air-fluid accumulator 32 through fixed displacement hydraulic piston motors 40 without flowing through the pump 30. The high pressure in the air-oil accumulator 32 causes fluid to be propelled through the hydraulic circuit 36. The hydraulic piston motors 40 can drive an electric generator 42 via a shaft 44. A suitable hydraulically driven electric generator may be similar to those currently used on emergency vehicles such as fire trucks. During the ebb tide or slower tidal flows, the accumulators 32 release their stored high pressure fluid to drive the electrical generators 42 at their steady output requirements. Fluid then circulates further through the hydraulic circuit 36 to the oil/fluid storage tank 38.
At full or maximum tidal flow, the output volume of the pump 30 can be set larger than the volume of steady flow required by the generator 42. The system controller opens some of the criss-cross valves 34 to open the hydraulic circuit 36 through the pump 30 that is driven by the auger 10, with the hydraulic fluid flowing in one direction. The excess volume of fluid over the generator's flow requirement automatically flows to the air-fluid accumulator 32 for energy storage, and builds up the pressure inside the accumulator 32. Hydraulic fluid may be released from the storage tank 38 via a one-way valve, to ensure that a sufficient volume of fluid is always present in the circuit 36. Multiple accumulators 32 of various sizes can be connected in parallel, enabling adequate energy storage. When the tide has reversed direction, going through the ebb flow valve arrangement, the system controller detects when maximum flow is reached again. The criss-cross valves 34 are operated so that the flow in hydraulic circuit 36 through the pump 30 is reversed and can thus be driven by the auger 10 rotating with the reversed tidal flow, while the flow through the hydraulic piston motors 40 remains in the same direction.
In river locations, as illustrated in FIG. 8 in particular, the pump 30 can be mono-directional and can pump consistent and constant pressure hydraulic fluid in one direction only to the accumulators 32. In river applications, therefore, criss-cross check valves 34 are not required.
Each location thus requires a study to determine the maximum and minimum tidal flow at peak tidal motion, or the size of the river current, in order that the appropriate number, arrangement and sizes of accumulators are used. A computer system can control the accumulators and generators to provide the greatest efficiency in energy generation.
In an exemplary arrangement, in the Cook Inlet, in Alaska, the tides are have a mean diurnal range of 15-28 feet and change every six hours. A 16 ft diameter auger of carbon fiber material can be submerged into the flow below the ice pack which forms in the winter. The augers 10 can be attached to oil platforms in the inlet. Most platforms have 3 or 4 legs, and thus if 4 augers are attached to each leg this enables 12-16 augers to be run simultaneously. The auger 10 can turn on a stationary hollow shaft on sealed bearings to turn a gear box and through a planetary gear system, similar gearing that drives the propeller at the speed of a jet prop airplane engine. This can turn a high pressure hydraulic pump. During the maximum flow periods of four to five hours, this system can pressure up the air-oil accumulator 22. As the flow slows for roughly one hour, the pressured storage of hydraulic oil can continue to turn the hydraulic turbine electric generator. The system is bi-directional, accomplished with crisscross check valves, so that power is stored to the accumulator 22 in either water flow direction. The system can be cable tethered parallel to the tidal flow for maximum energy capture. In deeper water, it is possible to attach a number of the units 10 around the platform 20, arranged up each of the platform legs, evenly staked vertically one over the other.
The gear-driven hydraulic pumps can be located in the nose cone 16 closest to the platform 20. The oil lines are tethered to the platform legs and extend up to the accumulator 22 on the upper platform deck. This will protect them from damage by debris, because the units can be tethered a minimum of 10-15 ft under the surface of the water. Actual electricity generation can be up on the platform 20, out of the ocean water. The tethering system allows for a vertical water level change with the tide. The horizontal stabilizers can have computer control ailerons similar to airplane wings to hold the augers horizontally, and parallel to the tidal flow.
In other arrangements, the augers 10 can be placed on bridge pilings that are either positioned in tidal flow areas or in rivers. In other arrangements, the augers 10 can be used on decommissioned oil rigs to provide power generation that can be transmitted onshore via cables. This can prolong the useful life of oil platforms even after drilling is no longer economically feasible. In yet further arrangements, floating pontoon bridges can be used to tether the augers 10. Each installation (bridge, oil platform, pontoon bridge, etc) can in addition have one or more wind generators mounted above the water to provide additional generation capacity to the installation.
I. Exemplary Multi-Piece Auger
The turbine blade may comprise a number of pieces. The turbine blade may have a number of similar or substantially similar interior pieces, and similar or substantially similar end pieces. Each interior section may have a similar radial arc of travel, such as 45, 60, 90, 120, or 180 degrees. Each interior section may be configured to interlock smoothly with adjoining interior and exterior sections. The areas of interlocking or interconnection among adjacent sections may be smooth and non-overlapping between sections. As a result, the disruption and/or turbulence to the flow of fluid flowing over the completed auger may be minimized. For instance, the end or edge of an interior section may abut with the corresponding end or edge of an adjacent interior section or an exterior/end section in a non-overlapping manner.
In one embodiment, preferably, the turbine blade may comprise six or more approximately 90 degree sections. The sections may be rotational molded with identical center sections. The turbine blade may include two identical tapered end sections. All of the sections may be registered and interlocked to be mounted upon a common stainless steel core or other central shaft. Other embodiments with additional, fewer, or alternate components may be used.
FIG. 10 is an exemplary helical multi-piece auger 1000 having multiple radial and interlocking sections. The multi-piece auger 1000 may have a number of interior sections 1002. Each interior section 1002 may have an auger blade with a degree of lift, such as between approximately 30 and approximately 60 degrees of lift with respect to the longitudinal axis of the central shaft 1008, and cover a range of a radial arc moving circumferentially around the center shaft 1008. The center shaft 1008 may have a circular or cylindrical exterior as shown.
Each interior section 1002 and exterior section 1006 may be configured to be slid onto the center shaft 1008 during assembly. Each interior section 1002 or exterior section 1006 may have a central portion or section 1010 configured and sized to be accepted the center shaft 1008, via either a clearance or interference fit.
For instance, each interior section 1002 or exterior section 1006 may have a central portion 1010 having a hollow cylindrical interior sized to accept the center shaft 1008. The hollow cylindrical interior may form a clearance fit with the center shaft 1008 to provide for rotation of the interior sections 1002 and exterior sections 1006 around a stationary center shaft 1008 during use. Alternatively, the interior sections 1002 and exterior sections 1006 may form an interference fit or be otherwise fastened to a rotational central shaft 1008, such that the interior sections 1002, the exterior sections 1006, and the central shaft 1008 all rotate in unison during use. Other configurations and interconnections may be used.
The interior section 1002 may be interlocked or interconnected with both adjacent interior sections 1004 and/or an exterior or end section 1006. The interior sections 1002, 1004 and exterior sections 1006 may all cover a radial arc around the central shaft 1008. For example, the radial arcs may extend for approximately 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135, or 180 degrees around the central shaft 1008. In one embodiment, the interior sections 1002, 1004 may each cover a radial arc of approximately 90 degrees. The exterior sections 1006 may cover a radial arc that is smaller than that covered by the interior sections 1002, 1004. In one embodiment, the exterior sections 1006 may cover a radial arc of approximately 45 degrees. Alternate radial arcs may be used, including those discussed elsewhere herein.
As shown in FIG. 10, the auger sections 1002, 1004, and 1006 may be mounted on the central shaft 1008. After assembly, the turbine blade may be configured to be rotatable by a moving fluid, either by itself or along with the central shaft 1008. Each of the auger sections 1002, 1004, and 1006 may include an outer spiral flange 1012 extending approximately perpendicularly from an outer edge of each of the interior and exterior auger sections 1002, 1004, and 1006. The outer spiral flange 1012 may be configured to capture at least a percentage of an energy of the moving fluid. The interconnections of each outer spiral flange of adjacent auger sections 1002, 1004, and 1006 may be aerodynamic or smooth to reduce turbulent flow and/or flow disruptions. The edges of each outer spiral flange of adjacent sections 1002, 1004, and 1006 may be substantially flush or even with one another, and may interconnect in a non-overlapping manner, as shown in FIG. 10. Other interconnections may be used.
In one embodiment, the helical multi-piece auger may include an interior section having a first helical portion and a first central portion. The first helical portion may be configured to have (1) between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees of angled movement with respect to a longitudinal axis of a central shaft, and (2) a first radial arc extending between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. The first central portion may have a first cylindrical opening of a first inner diameter.
The helical multi-piece auger may further include an exterior section having a second helical portion and a second central portion. The second helical portion may have a second radial arc extending between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 90 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. The exterior section may have a second central portion having a second cylindrical opening of a second inner diameter. The central shaft may be configured to have a cylindrical exterior having an outer diameter. The outer diameter of the central shaft may be approximately equal to or less than both the first inner diameter of the first central portion and the second inner diameter of the second central portion such that the interior and exterior sections are sized to be mounted onto the central shaft. The interior and exterior sections may be configured to non-overlappingly interconnect with each other such that the first helical portion of the interior section and the second helical portion of the exterior section are non-overlapping and substantially flush or even with one another. The interconnected interior and exterior sections may form at least a portion of the helical multi-piece auger that is rotatable by a moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger. Further, the second cylindrical opening of the second central portion of the exterior section may be sized substantially similar to the first cylindrical opening of the first central portion. Other configurations may be used.
II. Exemplary Section Method of Manufacture and Assembly
The helical turbine blade may be manufactured in sections. Each section may be manufactured to be substantially similar and have a 45 degree pitch or other pitch. Each section may be manufactured to have a radial arc of approximately 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135, 180, or other degrees. Each section may be manufactured to have a cylindrical center piece that may be slid onto either a stationary or rotating central shaft during assembly.
The sections may be assembled together and locked onto the central shaft 14, producing a smooth helical spiral. The individual sections may permit shipping and assembly of the auger 10 on-site and to suit the intended application and desired size of the energy capturing zone. Typically, a completed auger 10 will have 360 degrees of arc, but more or fewer turns of the helix may be used in different applications by adding fewer or more sections.
FIG. 11 is an exemplary method of manufacturing and assembly of the helical multi-piece auger 1100. The method 1100 may include manufacturing a number of substantially similar or similar interior sections 1102, manufacturing a number of substantially similar or similar exterior sections 1104, shipping the individual sections to a remote location 1106, assembly of the individual sections to substantially reduce flow turbulence during operation 1108, and interconnecting the completed auger with a generator 1110. The method may include additional, fewer, or alternative actions.
The method 1100 may include manufacturing a number of substantially similar or similar interior sections 1102. The helical multi-piece auger may comprise several interior sections that are rotational molded and that may have identical central portions. The radial arc of each of the several interior sections may extend between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 180 degrees, preferably approximately 90 degrees, circumferentially around the central shaft. Each interior section may include a helical portion having between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees of angled movement with respect to a longitudinal axis of a central shaft. Other radial arcs and helical portions may be used, and other forms of molding and manufacture may be used.
The method 1100 may include manufacturing a number of substantially similar or similar exterior sections 1104. The helical multi-piece auger may have two exterior or end sections having a tapered outer spiral flange approximately perpendicular to a helical portion. The tapered outer spiral flange may be configured to capture at least a portion of an energy of the moving fluid. The helical portion may be configured to have between approximately 5 degrees and approximately 60 degrees of angled movement with respect to the longitudinal axis of the central shaft. The helical portion may have a radial arc extending between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 90 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft.
The method 1100 may include shipping the individual sections to a remote location 1106. In one embodiment, the interior and exterior sections may have a diameter of eight feet or more, and the fully assembled auger may have a length of 20 feet or longer. Thus, the size of the fully assembled auger may hinder transportation. However, manufacturing the auger in the sections described herein may facilitate the shipment of individual interior and exterior sections, as well as generator and other components, to locations around the world, and their subsequent assembly on-site.
The method 1100 may include assembly of the individual sections to substantially reduce flow turbulence during operation 1108. Several interior sections may be non-overlappingly interconnected such that adjoining surfaces are substantially flush with one another to alleviate and/or reduce turbulence associated with the moving fluid flowing over surfaces of the helical multi-piece auger after assembly and during use. Further, each interior section may have an outer spiral flange approximately perpendicular to the first helical portion. Each outer spiral flange may be configured to capture at least a portion of an energy of the moving fluid.
The method 1100 may include interconnecting the completed auger with a generator 1110. The helical multi-piece auger may be either directly or indirectly interconnected with a generator such that the rotation of the central shaft and/or the helical multi-piece auger by the moving fluid generates energy. For instance, the interior sections may be firmly fastened to a rotating central shaft, such as via bolts or screws. The two ends of the central shaft may drive or be interconnected with a generator. In one embodiment, the two ends of the central shaft may be interconnected with generator rotors that rotate as the central shaft and/or the helical multi-piece auger rotates. The generator rotors may interact with stationary stators to generate power. Alternatively, the interior sections may be rotatably mounted onto the central shaft and the interconnected interior (and/or exterior) sections (i.e., the fully assembled helical multi-piece auger) may be interconnected with or drive an electrical generator or components thereof. Other configurations to generate energy from the rotation of a rotatable central shaft or the fully assembled helical multi-piece auger around a stationary central shaft may be used to generate power.
In one embodiment, the method of assembling a helical multi-piece auger may include mounting two or more interior sections each having a first helical portion and a first central portion onto a central shaft having a cylindrical exterior with an outer diameter. The first helical portion of each of the two or more interior sections may be configured to have a first radial arc extending between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. The first central portion of each of the two or more interior sections may be configured to have a first cylindrical opening of a first inner diameter. The first inner diameter of the two or more interior sections may be approximately equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the central shaft such that the two or more interior sections are sized to be mounted onto the central shaft.
The method of assembly may further include interconnecting the central shaft and/or helical multi-piece auger after assembly with a generator configured to generate energy from the rotation of the central shaft and/or helical multi-piece auger caused by a moving fluid acting on the two or more interior sections mounted on the central shaft. The two or more interior sections may be configured to non-overlappingly interconnect with each other such that adjoining surfaces of adjacent ones of the two or more interior sections are flush with one another to reduce turbulent flow of the moving fluid moving over the first helical portion of the two or more interior sections. The interconnected two or more interior sections may form at least a portion of the helical multi-piece auger that is rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy via the interconnected generator.
The method may further include mounting an exterior section having a second helical portion and a second central portion onto the central shaft adjacent to one of the two or more interior sections. The second helical portion may have a second radial arc extending between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 90 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft, and the exterior section may have a second central portion having a second cylindrical opening of a second inner diameter. The second inner diameter may be approximately equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the central shaft such that the exterior section is sized to be mounted onto the central shaft.
The interior and exterior sections may be non-overlappingly interconnected such that the outer spiral flange of one interior section and the tapered outer spiral flange of an adjacent exterior section may not overlap and may be flush or substantially flush with each other. Likewise, the outer spiral flanges of adjacent interior sections may not overlap and may be flush or substantially flush with each other after assembly. In other words, in one embodiment, the interior section may have an outer spiral flange approximately perpendicular to the first helical portion, and the exterior section may have a tapered outer spiral flange approximately perpendicular to the second helical portion. The interior and exterior sections may be configured such that an edge of the outer spiral flange and an adjoining edge of the tapered outer spiral flange are substantially even or otherwise flush with one another after the interior and exterior sections are non-overlappingly interconnected.
FIG. 12 illustrates a different perspective of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger 1200 having multiple radial and interlocking interior sections 1202. The helical multi-piece auger 1200 may include multiple interior sections 1202, two tapered end sections 1204, and a central shaft 1206. The helical multi-piece auger 1200 may include additional, fewer, or alternate components.
The interior sections 1202 and tapered end sections 1204 may be interconnected with and/or interlocked with adjacent interior and/or end sections. The interior sections 1202 and tapered end sections 1204 may be manufactured using an injection molded or other process. The interior and end sections 1202, 1204 may be molded to interlock together on the central shaft 1206 and to efficiently transfer the torque generated by a moving medium traveling over the surfaces of the auger 1200 to the central shaft 1206, driving a hydraulic system, generator, or other system. For instance, the interior and end sections 1202, 1204 may be interconnected, and one or more of the sections 1202, 1204, such as the tapered end sections 1204, may be bolted or otherwise affixed to the rotatable central shaft 1206. The rotation of the central shaft 1206 may in turn drive a hydraulic system, generator, or other device.
FIG. 13 is an exemplary radial and interlocking interior section 1300 of a helical multi-piece auger. Each interlocking interior section 1300 may be mounted on a central shaft 1306. For instance, each interior section 1300 may be configured to be slid onto the central shaft 1306 during assembly. Each interior section 1300 may form clearance fits with the central shaft 1306 to provide for rotation of the interior section 1300 around the central shaft 1306.
Each interior section 1300 may have approximately 180 degrees of helical arc around the central shaft 1306. Alternatively, each interior section 1300 may have approximately 90 degrees or greater of helical arc around the central shaft 1306. Smaller or larger ranges of degrees of helical arc around the central shaft 1306 may be used.
Each interior section 1300 may have an outer flange 1308. The outer flange 1308 may be configured to capture a portion of the energy of a moving fluid, as well as to protect sea life from sharp edges of the auger. Each interior section 1300 may have an interlocking area 1310 comprising one or more surfaces 1312, 1314 configured to interlock and/or smoothly mate with corresponding surfaces on an adjacent interior section 1300 or tapered end section during assembly. The surfaces 1312, 1314 may be substantially flat and smooth, and at an approximately 90 degree angle with respect to one another.
One or more other surfaces 1316, 1318 of the interior section 1300 may be configured to interlock and/or smoothly mate with corresponding surfaces on an adjacent interior section or tapered end section. The surfaces 1316, 1318 may be substantially smooth and flat. Surfaces having additional, fewer, or other characteristics may be used.
FIG. 14 depicts two exemplary adjacent radial and interlocking interior sections 1400 of a helical multi-piece auger. A first interlocking interior section 1402 and a second interlocking interior section 1404 may be slid onto a central shaft 1406 during assembly. Each interior section 1402, 1404 may be sized to form clearance fits with the central shaft 1406 and may be rotatable around the central shaft 1406.
The first interlocking interior section 1406 may have a first interlocking area 1410. The second interlocking interior section 1404 may have a second interlocking area 1412. The first interlocking area 1410 may have one or more surfaces configured to interlock and/or smoothly interconnect with adjoining or corresponding surfaces of the second interlocking area 1412. The interlocking areas 1410, 1412 may each have a number of surfaces configured to correspond with surfaces of the adjacent interlocking area 1412, 1410. The surfaces on adjacent sections 1402, 1404 may be configured to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, interconnecting the adjacent sections 1402, 1404 together, either with or without the use of fasteners.
Additional or alternate means of interlocking the first interlocking interior section 1402 and the second interlocking interior section 1404 may be used. For instance, fasteners alone, such as bolts and screws, may interlock adjacent sections (having surfaces configured to smoothly mate with one another) together.
FIG. 15 depicts a center section locking method. FIG. 15 illustrates interconnecting two adjacent radial and interlocking interior sections 1500 of a helical multi-piece auger. During assembly, the second interlocking interior section 1504 may be moved along the central shaft 1506 toward, and then interlocked or otherwise interconnected with, the first interlocking interior section 1502. The surfaces of the first and second interior sections 1502, 1504 may be configured to provide for an approximately smooth exterior surface of the helical multi-piece auger after assembly. As a result, wasteful turbulence of a moving fluid flowing over the completed multi-piece auger may be reduced or minimized.
FIG. 16 depicts interconnecting a radial and interlocking interior section with a tapered end section of a helical multi-piece auger 1600. As shown, a method of assembly may include locking one or more center sections into a tapered end section that is pinned to the central shaft. During assembly, a tapered end section 1608 may be slid onto the central shaft 1606. The tapered end section 1608 may be firmly affixed to the central shaft 1606, such as via bolts, screws, or other fasteners 1610.
An interior section 1602 that is mounted onto the central shaft 1606 may be moved along the central shaft 1606 and toward the tapered end section 1608. The interior section 1602 and tapered end section 1608 may have corresponding surfaces configured to interlock or otherwise interconnect with each other. The method of assembly may include interlocking several interior sections 1602 and two tapered end sections 1608 together on the central shaft 1606. The interlocking surfaces may be configured to provide an approximately smooth surface of the multi-piece auger to minimize energy loss and maximize energy capture of a moving fluid flowing over the surfaces of the multi-piece auger during use.
III. Exemplary Multi-Piece Helical Auger and Nose Cones
In one aspect, a helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy may be provided. The helical multi-piece auger may include two helical blades mounted onto a central shaft. Each helical blade may comprise multiple pieces.
The multiple pieces may include at least one constant section. The at least one constant section may have a first piece of helical blade and a first outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a first outer edge of the first piece of helical blade. As a result, the first outer spiral flange may extend to both sides of the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section. The first outer spiral flange may have an approximately constant width and be configured to capture at least a percentage of an energy of the moving fluid.
The multiple pieces may further include two tapered end-sections. Each tapered end-section may have a second piece of helical blade and a second outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a second outer edge of the second piece of helical blade. The second outer spiral flange may have a tapered width that is tapered moving from a vicinity of the at least one constant section toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange only partially covers a length of the second outer edge. The second piece of helical blade may have a tapered diameter such that the second outer edge tapers inward toward the central shaft until the second outer edge engages an opposite side of the central shaft from where the tapering inward of the second outer edge commenced.
The helical multi-piece auger may include a first and a second nose cone mounted on a left and a right end of the central shaft, respectively. The first and second nose cones may both be configured to have a winged-shape body. The first and second nose cones may be orientated such that a first longitudinal axis of the first nose cone is axially offset from a second longitudinal axis of the second nose cone.
The helical multi-piece auger may be rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger. The helical multi-piece auger may be interconnected with a generator such that the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger by the moving fluid generates energy.
Additionally, the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section may have a first radial arc extending between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. Preferably, the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section may have a first radial arc extending approximately 90 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. Other configurations and dimensions may be used.
The second piece of helical blade of each tapered end-section may have a second radial arc extending between approximately 90 degrees and approximately 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. Preferably, the second piece of helical blade of each tapered end-section may have a second radial arc extending approximately 135 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft. Other configurations and dimensions may be used.
The first and second nose cones may be adapted to maintain an orientation of the helical auger turbine parallel to a fluid flow direction. The first and second nose cones may be axially offset between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees with respect to one another. Preferably, the first and second nose cones may be axially offset approximately 30 degrees with respect to one another. Other configurations and dimensions may be used.
The helical multi-piece auger may include several constant, interior sections such that the helical multi-piece auger has an overall helical blade that extends at least 360 degrees of arc around of the central shaft. Each tapered end-section may have a second piece of helical blade that is gradually reduced in diameter so that each tapered end-section is tapered into the central shaft within approximately 180 degrees of rotation of the second piece of helical blade around the central shaft. The second outer spiral flange may be tapered from a vicinity of the at least one constant section moving toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange covers between approximately 30 percent and approximately 60 percent of the length of the second outer edge. Preferably, the second outer spiral flange covers approximately 50 percent of the length of the second outer edge. Other configurations and dimensions may be used.
FIG. 17 depicts a side view of an exemplary helical auger 1700. The helical auger 1700 may be a multi-piece auger having multiple radial and interlocking sections. The helical auger 1700 may have a left nose cone 1702, a right nose cone 1704, a number of constant sections 1706, tapered end-sections 1708, and a central shaft 1710. The helical auger 1700 may have additional, fewer, or alternate components.
The helical auger 1700 may have a central shaft 1710. Positioned onto the central shaft 1710 may be a number of constant sections 1706 of auger. The constant sections 1706 may have an outer spiral flange 1720 of constant or substantially constant thickness (as shown in more detail in FIG. 19). The outer spiral flange 1720 may be approximately perpendicular, in both directions, with an outer edge of a piece of helical auger 1722 associated with each constant section 1706. The outer spiral flange 1720 may extend from both sides of the outer edge of the piece of helical auger 1722 associated with each constant section 1706. Each constant section 1706 may provide for approximately 90 degrees of axial rotation of the piece of helical auger around the central shaft. Other constant sections may be used, including those mentioned elsewhere herein.
The helical auger 1700 may have two tapered end-sections 1708 positioned onto the central shaft 1710. Each tapered end-section 1708 may include a tapered outer spiral flange 1724 of narrowing thickness (as shown in more detail in FIG. 19). The tapered outer spiral flange 1724 of each tapered end-section 1708 may be gradually reduced or tapered moving from an area in the vicinity of an adjoining constant section 1706 and toward the central shaft 1710 radially. In other words, the tapered outer spiral flange 1724 may be reduced and/or have a tapered width that is tapered moving from a vicinity of an adjoining constant section 1706 toward the central shaft 1710 such that the tapered outer spiral outer flange 1724 only partially covers a length of the outer edge 1726 of the tapered end-section 1708.
A piece of helical blade 1728 associated with the tapered end-section 1708 may have a tapered diameter such that the outer edge 1726 tapers inward toward the central shaft 1710 until the outer edge 1726 engages an opposite side of the central shaft 1710 from where the tapering inward of the outer edge 1726 commenced, and the tapered end-section 1708 effectively merges with the central shaft 1710.
Referring back to FIG. 17, each tapered end-section 1708 has a end-portion of helical auger that is uncovered and without an exterior, perpendicular outer spiral flange. The outward extent or diameter of the end-portion 1712 of helical auger is reduced until the end-portion 1712 merges with either the central shaft 1710, or a cylindrical, interior portion of the tapered end-section 1708 that is mounted onto the central shaft 1710.
The left and right nose cones 1702, 1704 may each be configured to have a wing-shaped body, with two wings or arms extending axially from the central shaft 1710 during use. The left and right nose cones 1702, 1704 may be orientated at different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the central shaft 1710. For instance, as shown in FIG. 17, the left nose cone 1702 may be orientated approximately vertically, while the right nose cone 1704 may be simultaneously orientated more horizontally and angled at a slight incline, such as between approximately 20 and approximately 60 degrees from the y-axis. Other orientations and configurations may be used.
FIGS. 18 and 19 depict perspective views of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger 1700 of FIG. 17. As shown in FIG. 18, the left nose cone 1702 and the right nose cone 1704 may be axially offset with respect to each other and/or orientated at different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the helical auger 1700. As shown in FIG. 19, an endmost constant section 1706 may mate or interconnect flushly with a tapered end-section 1708. Each constant section 1706 may cover approximately 90 degrees of helical or radial arc around the central shaft. In the vicinity of where an end-most constant section 1706 interconnects with a tapered end-section 1708, the tapered outer spiral flange may begin to be reduced in size and taper inward toward the central shaft 1710, and may eventually become flush with the central shaft 1710.
The helical auger of the tapered end-section 1708 may have an exterior outer edge 1726 that may be substantially oval or tear-drop shaped. The piece of helical auger 1728 of the tapered end-section 1708 may be shaped to effectively merge with the central shaft 1710 in approximately 90 degrees to approximately 180 degrees of radial arc around the central shaft 1710, preferably in approximately 135 degrees of radial arc, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
The right nose cone 1704 may be approximately aligned with where the constant section 1706 mates or interconnects with the tapered end-section 1708. As shown, two tapered end-sections 1708 may be configured to have helical auger end-portions 1728 having a substantially oval exterior or outer edge 1726 and a tapered outer spiral flange 1724. The tapered outer spiral flange 1724 may partially cover the length of the outer edge 1726, preferably between approximately 30 percent and approximately 60 percent of the length of the outer edge 1726. The tapered outer spiral flange 1724 may have a substantially sharper curvature than the outer spiral flange 1720 of the constant sections 1706.
FIG. 20 depicts a right-end view of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 17. As shown, the outer edges of the two tapered end-sections 1708 may be tapered to gradually be reduced in size as the tapered end-sections 1708 merge into the central shaft. The right nose cone 1704 may be approximately aligned axially with where the constant sections 1706 mate or interconnect with the tapered end-sections 1708.
FIG. 21 depicts a left-end view of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 17. As shown, the outer edges of the two tapered end-sections 1708 are tapered to gradually be reduced in size as the tapered end-sections 1708 merge into the central shaft. The left nose cone 1704 may be axially offset from where the constant sections 1706 mate or interconnect with the tapered end-sections 1708, such as between approximately 15 degrees to approximately 45 degrees, preferably approximately 30 degrees. As a result, the left nose cone 1704 may be axially offset from the right nose cone by between approximately 15 degrees to approximately 60 degrees, preferably approximately 30 degrees. Other orientations and axial offsets between the left and right nose cones may be used.
FIG. 22 depicts another side view of the exemplary helical multi-piece auger of FIG. 17 and with the nose cones having been rotated. With the view of FIG. 22, the helical auger 1700 has been rotated such that the wings of wing-shaped body of the left nose cone 1702 are directly into FIG. 17 in the z-direction. The right nose cone 1702 is shown at an inclined angle.
As explained previously with respect to FIGS. 7-9, the rotation of an auger described herein may be used to power a hydraulic pump, such as a hydraulic pump located within a nose cone assembly. The hydraulic pump may generate high pressure fluid, such as oil, water, or other fluid, that can be used for any suitable purpose. The system may be adapted so that water flow in either direction may rotate the auger. The rotation of the auger may be transmitted to operate the hydraulic pump, which, in turn, may cause hydraulic energy to be stored in an accumulator.
More specifically, during water flow, rotation of the auger may be transmitted, such as via the central shaft and a gear assembly, to operate the high pressure hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump may be a stationary pressure compensated variable volume pump or other type of hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump may be located in a stationary tethered nose cone assembly. All necessary radial and thrust bearings required to transfer energy from the rotation of the auger to the hydraulic pump may also be housed in the nose cone assembly.
In some arrangements, a planetary gearing system may be provided inside of the nose cone assembly or another part of the auger to increase the relatively low speed or revolutions per minute (rpm) of the auger to a level that can be efficiently used to power the hydraulic pump. As explained previously, the hydraulic pump may be in fluid communication with an air-fluid accumulator, and may be bi-directional to maintain a constant high pressure of hydraulic oil, or other fluid, at all speeds of auger rotation irrespective of whether the auger is accelerating or decelerating, or reversing during the cyclic tidal flow.
The nose cone assembly may be configured to house a portion of a hydraulic system, including various hydraulic fittings and high pressure hoses. For instance, the nose cone assembly may house hydraulic supply and return lines, and two 90 degree bulkhead fittings. The hydraulic supply and return lines may be placed on each side of an interior stiffener that strengthens and supports the nose cone assembly.
The nose cone assembly may also include a tethering line that maintains the position of the auger with respect to the water line. The tethering line may be attached to a nose cone backing plate that also strengthens and supports the nose cone assembly. The hydraulic supply and return lines may also be attached to the tethering line.
Each auger may include one or more hydraulic pumps. Each hydraulic pump may be housed within the nose cone assembly and be configured such that the pump is powered by the rotation of the auger/central shaft during use. Each hydraulic pump may include two straight male or other hydraulic fittings that are configured to attach to a hydraulic supply and/or return line. Two high pressure hydraulic hoses with female fittings on both ends may operate as the supply and return lines. The hydraulic hoses may be attached to fittings associated with or in the vicinity of the hydraulic pump, at one end, and the inside ends of 90 degree bulkhead fittings, on the other end.
A left and right interior stiffener may be housed within the body of the nose cone assembly. Each stiffener may include a plate with a dove tail two-piece assembly. An end plate may be attached to the nose cone back plate. The end plate may cover and/or support the 90 degree bulkhead fittings and/or interconnected hydraulic lines. An outer end piece may be configured with openings for the hydraulic lines such that the outer end piece can cover the end plate, the 90 degree bulkhead fittings, and the interconnected hydraulic lines after the hydraulic system is interconnected, and provide a smooth exterior for the end of the nose cone assembly. Other configurations may be used.
FIGS. 23-26 depict various perspective views of an exemplary nose cone assembly 2300. As shown in FIG. 23, the nose cone assembly 2300 may house a portion of a hydraulic system. The nose cone assembly 2300 may house a hydraulic pump 2302, a hydraulic supply line 2304, a hydraulic return line 2306, end-fittings 2308, and a bearing assembly 2310. The nose cone assembly 2300 may house additional, fewer, or alternate hydraulic system components.
The hydraulic pump 2302 may be interconnected with and/or coupled to the central shaft 2312 of an auger via a bearing assembly 2310. As a result, the rotation of the central shaft 2312 may transfer power to and/or rotate the hydraulic pump 2302 during use such that hydraulic pump 2302 maintains a hydraulic fluid within a hydraulic circuit at a high pressure.
High pressure fluid within the hydraulic system may be transferred from the hydraulic pump 2302 to a portion of the hydraulic system located on a platform, such as an oil rig (see, e.g., FIG. 6.) The hydraulic pump 2302 may pump high pressure fluid through the hydraulic supply line 2304, through one of the end-fittings 2308, and into a hydraulic circuit having one or more accumulators, electric generators, motors, and/or other components as discussed previously herein.
After energy has been extracted from the high pressure fluid in the hydraulic circuit, lower pressure fluid may be returned to the nose cone assembly 2300. The lower pressure or return fluid may exit the hydraulic circuit via one of the end-fittings 2308 and return to the hydraulic pump 2302 via the hydraulic return line 2306. In one embodiment, the hydraulic supply and return lines 2304, 2306 may be interconnected with 90 degree end fittings 2308.
As shown in FIG. 24, the nose cone assembly 2300 may have a wing-shaped body 2320. The outer frame of the wing-shaped body 2320 may be manufactured from fiberglass, metal, plastic, or other material. The front edge of the nose cone assembly 2300 may have a forward most nose 2322 from which extends two curved wings or arms. The back edge of the nose cone assembly 2300 may include a backing plate 2324 manufactured from firm or sturdy material to add strength to the nose cone assembly 2300. The nose cone assembly 2300 may house the hydraulic pump 2302. The hydraulic pump 2302 may be attached to the central shaft 2312 via the bearing assembly 2310 such that rotation of the central shaft 2312 during use allows the hydraulic pump 2302 to rotate and/or transfer power/energy to the hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic system.
FIG. 24 also depicts that two interior hydraulic fittings 2326 may be configured to be interconnected with the hydraulic pump 2302. One of the interior hydraulic fittings 2326 may be associated with a hydraulic supply line, and the other one of the interior hydraulic fittings 2326 may be associated with a hydraulic return line. The hydraulic supply and return lines may run to an end portion of the nose cone assembly, as shown in FIG. 23.
As shown in FIG. 25, the end fittings 2308 may be 90 degree end fittings. One of the end fittings may supply a hydraulic supply line associated with a hydraulic circuit, as explained above. The other end fitting may return hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic circuit to the hydraulic pump housed in the nose cone assembly 2300.
The hydraulic pump may be bi-directional such that as the auger reverses direction, the flow of hydraulic fluid through the hydraulic pump also reverses direction. As a result, the hydraulic “supply” line may become the hydraulic “return” line, and vice versa, at least until the flow of moving fluid turning the auger changes direction once again.
Also depicted in FIG. 25, the end fittings 2308 may be positioned on opposite sides of an interior stiffener 2330. The interior stiffener 2330 may provide interior strength and support for the outer body of the nose cone assembly 2300. FIG. 26 is another view of the nose cone assembly 2300.
The hydraulic system within the nose cone assembly 2300 shown in FIGS. 23-26 may be interconnected with an overall system hydraulic plant such that rotation of the auger may power a hydraulic pump. For instance, the nose cone assembly 2300 shown in FIGS. 23-26 may be incorporated into the augers and systems explained elsewhere herein, including the systems shown in FIGS. 6-9, for example.
In one embodiment, a helical multi-piece auger may comprise a first nose cone assembly and a second nose cone assembly mounted on a left and a right end of a central shaft. The first and second nose cone assemblies may both house a portion of a hydraulic system, including a hydraulic pump configured to pressurize or maintain a pressure of a hydraulic fluid, or portion thereof, when a moving fluid rotates the helical multi-piece auger. Each of the nose cone assemblies may have a winged-shape body, and the first and second nose cones assemblies may be orientated such that a first longitudinal axis of the first nose cone assembly is axially offset from a second longitudinal axis of the second nose cone assembly.
Noted above, the augers described herein may have various sizes. For instance, an auger may have a 16′ diameter, or even larger diameter. The central shaft may have a diameter of 18′′ or other size, although any suitable size may be employed. Similarly, the nose cone assemblies may have a diameter or axial length that is equal to or approximately equal to the diameter of the auger. The longitudinal length of the nose cone assembly may also be several feet or more. As a result, the nose cone assembly may house a hydraulic pump and associated fittings, lines, and other hydraulic components to pressurize a hydraulic fluid and generate power.
The illustrations of arrangements described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments, and they are not intended to serve as a complete description of all the elements and features of apparatus and systems that might make use of the structures described herein. Many other arrangements will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Other arrangements may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Figures are also merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions thereof may be exaggerated, while others may be minimized. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Thus, although specific arrangements have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific arrangement shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments and arrangements of the invention. Combinations of the above arrangements, and other arrangements not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular arrangement(s) disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments and arrangements falling within the scope of the appended claims.
The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

## Claims

1. A helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy comprising:
two helical blades mounted onto a central shaft, each helical blade comprising multiple pieces;
the multiple pieces including at least one constant section, the at least one constant section having a first piece of helical blade and a first outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a first outer edge of the first piece of helical blade, the first outer flange having an approximately constant width and being configured to capture at least a percentage of an energy of the moving fluid;
the multiple pieces further including two tapered end-sections, each tapered end-section having a second piece of helical blade and a second outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a second outer edge of the second piece of helical blade, the second outer spiral flange having a tapered width that is tapered moving from a vicinity of the at least one constant section toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange only partially covers a length of the second outer edge, the second piece of helical blade having a tapered diameter such that the second outer edge tapers inward toward the central shaft until the second outer edge engages an opposite side of the central shaft from where the tapering inward of the second outer edge commenced; and
a first and a second nose cone mounted on a left and a right end of the central shaft, respectively, the first and second nose cones both being configured to have a winged-shape body, the first and second nose cones being orientated such that a first longitudinal axis of the first nose cone is axially offset from a second longitudinal axis of the second nose cone, wherein the helical multi-piece auger is rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger.

2. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 1, wherein the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section has a first radial arc extending between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft.

3. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 2, wherein the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section has a first radial arc extending approximately 90 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft.

4. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 2, wherein the second piece of helical blade of each tapered end-section has a second radial arc extending between approximately 90 degrees and 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft.

5. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 1, wherein the second piece of helical blade of each tapered end-section has a second radial arc extending approximately 135 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft.

6. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 1, wherein the helical multi-piece auger is interconnected with a hydraulic pump housed in at least one of the first and second nose cones such that the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger by the moving fluid pressurizes a hydraulic fluid.

7. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 1, wherein the first and second nose cones are adapted to maintain an orientation of the helical auger turbine parallel to a fluid flow direction, the first and second nose cone further being axially offset between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 45 degrees with respect to one another.

8. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 1, wherein the helical multi-piece auger comprises several constant sections such that the helical multi-piece auger has an overall helical blade that extends at least 360 degrees of arc around the central shaft.

9. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 1, wherein each tapered end-section has a second piece of helical blade that is gradually reduced in outward diameter so that each tapered end-section is tapered into the central shaft within approximately 180 degrees of rotation of the second piece of helical blade around the central shaft.

10. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 1, wherein the second outer spiral flange is tapered from a vicinity of the at least one constant section moving toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange covers between approximately 30 percent and approximately 60 percent of the length of the second outer edge.

11. A helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy comprising:
two helical blades mounted onto a central shaft, each helical blade comprising multiple pieces;
the multiple pieces including at least one constant section, the at least one constant section having a first piece of helical blade and a first outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a first outer edge of the first piece of helical blade;
the multiple pieces further including two tapered end-sections, each tapered end-section having a second piece of helical blade and a second outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a second outer edge of the second piece of helical blade, the second outer spiral flange having a tapered width that is tapered moving from a vicinity of the at least one constant section toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange only partially covers a length of the second outer edge; and
a first and a second nose cone mounted on a left and a right end of the central shaft, respectively, the first and second nose cones both being configured to have a winged-shape body, the first and second nose cones being orientated such that a first longitudinal axis of the first nose cone is axially offset from a second longitudinal axis of the second nose cone, wherein the helical multi-piece auger is rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger.

12. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 11, wherein the first piece of helical blade of the at least one constant section has a first radial arc extending approximately 90 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft, and the second piece of helical blade of each tapered end-section has a second radial arc extending between approximately 90 degrees and 180 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft.

13. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 11, wherein the second piece of helical blade of each tapered end-section has a second radial arc extending approximately 135 degrees circumferentially around the central shaft.

14. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 11, wherein the helical multi-piece auger is interconnected with a generator such that the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger by the moving fluid generates energy.

15. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 11, wherein the first and second nose cones are adapted to maintain an orientation of the helical auger turbine parallel to a fluid flow direction, the first and second nose cones being axially offset between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 45 degrees with respect to each.

16. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 11, wherein the helical multi-piece auger comprises several constant sections such that the helical multi-piece auger has an overall helical blade that extends at least 360 degrees of arc around of the central shaft.

17. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 11, wherein the second piece of helical blade of each tapered end-section is gradually reduced in outward diameter so that each tapered end-section is tapered into the central shaft within approximately 180 degrees of rotation around the central shaft.

18. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 11, wherein the second outer flange is tapered from a vicinity of the at least one constant section moving toward the central shaft such that the second outer flange covers between approximately 30 percent and approximately 60 percent of the length of the second outer edge.

19. A helical multi-piece auger rotatable by a moving fluid for the generation of energy comprising:
two helical blades mounted onto a central shaft, each helical blade comprising multiple pieces;
the multiple pieces including at least one constant section, the at least one constant section having a first piece of helical blade and a first outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a first outer edge of the first piece of helical blade, the first outer spiral flange having an approximately constant width and being configured to capture at least a percentage of an energy of the moving fluid;
the multiple pieces further including two tapered end-sections, each tapered end-section having a second piece of helical blade and a second outer spiral flange extending approximately perpendicularly, in both directions, from a second outer edge of the second piece of helical blade;
the second outer spiral flange having a tapered width that is tapered moving from a vicinity of the at least one constant section toward the central shaft such that the second outer spiral flange only partially covers a length of the second outer edge; and
the second piece of helical blade having a tapered diameter such that the second outer edge tapers inward from a vicinity of the at least one constant section moving toward the central shaft until the second outer edge engages an opposite side of the central shaft from where the tapering inward of the second outer edge commenced,
wherein the helical multi-piece auger is rotatable by the moving fluid to facilitate generation of energy from the rotation of the helical multi-piece auger.

20. The helical multi-piece auger of claim 19, further comprising a first nose cone assembly and a second nose cone assembly mounted on a left and a right end of the central shaft, respectively, the first and second nose cone assemblies both housing a hydraulic pump configured to pressurize a hydraulic fluid when the moving fluid rotates the helical multi-piece auger during operation.