ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS

Appellate Court

In re Marriage of Bradley, 2013 IL App (5th) 100217

Appellate Court

Caption

In reMARRIAGE OF CHRISTINE BRADLEY, Petitioner-Appellee and

Cross-Appellant, andTIMOTHYBRADLEY, Respondent-Appellant and

Cross-Appellee.

 District & No. Fifth District

Docket Nos. 5-10-0217, 5-11-0223 cons.

Rule 23 Order filed

Modified upon denial

of rehearing

Motion to publish

granted

Opinion filed

September 11, 2012

May 7, 2013

July 18, 2013

July 18, 2013

Held

(Note: This syllabus

constitutes no part of

the opinion of the court

but has been prepared

by the Reporter of

Decisions for the

convenience of the

reader.)

In the dissolution of the marriage of a nurse and a plastic surgeon, the

appellate court held, inter alia, that the property distribution was

supported by the record and the consideration of the tax consequences of

the distribution of the retirement accounts was not an abuse of discretion,

and, further, the calculation of the surgeon’s net income for purposes of

child support was modified to reflect the subtraction of his obligation for

the children’s health insurance; however, the issue of withholding under

the Income Withholding for Support Act was remanded for further

proceedings.

Decision Under 

Review

Appeal from the Circuit Court of St. Clair County, Nos. 09-D-285, 09-

CH-1255; the Hon. Heinz M. Rudolf, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Modified in part; vacated and remanded in part with directions; affirmed

on all remaining issues.

Counsel on

Appeal

Curtis L. Blood, of Collinsville, for appellant.

Robert E. Wells, Jr., of Pessin, Baird & Wells, of Belleville, for appellee.

Panel JUSTICE GOLDENHERSH delivered the judgment of the court, with

opinion.

Justices Welch and Stewart concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶ 1 Timothy Bradley, respondent in the above-styled dissolution action, appealed the

judgment of dissolution entered by the circuit court of St. Clair County resolving numerous

and complicated financial issues between himself and petitioner, Christine Bradley.Christine

Bradley cross-appealed on various issues. This action has been acrimonious, complicated,

and heatedly contested in virtually all aspects. For the reasons stated below, we affirmed the

majority of the findings and holdings by the circuit court of St. Clair County, modified one

disposition, and reversed and remanded on one disposition.

¶ 2 Subsequently, Timothy Bradley filed a petition for rehearing arguing the circuit court

made a $40,000 math error, that our order acknowledged the allegation, but did not consider

the effect, if any, of said error, and that the error was significant enough to constitute

reversible error. Timothy also alleged error by the circuit court in considering the tax

consequences of sale of the parties’ assets.

¶ 3 We requested a response from Christine as to the first argument, the math error. Christine

argued the math error was given only “cursory treatment,” indicating it did not rise to the

level of prejudicial error, and that the error did not affect the judgment as a whole.

¶ 4 After examination of the record and consideration of the arguments by the parties, we

agree with Christine’s position for the reasons stated below in this modified decision and

deny Timothy’s petition for rehearing.

¶ 5 FACTS

¶ 6 The parties were married in Portland, Oregon, in 1991, and the marriage produced two

children, born in 1992 and 1994. Christine is a nurse who stayed at home with the children

in their early years and later worked with Timothy in his medical practice. Timothy is a

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plastic surgeon who is the sole shareholder of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery

Institute, S.C., a medical corporation. An entity owned the medical building and an

irrevocable trust owned 90% of the entity, with the parties owning the other 10%, the

beneficiaries of the trust being Christine and the parties’ two daughters. The parties held a

promissorynote from the entity, LLC, for $210,000. Timothy’s medical corporation paid rent

to LLC, with any rent exceeding the mortgage payment funding the irrevocable trust.

¶ 7 Timothy’s medical practice ran into problems concerning privileges at the two main

hospitals in Belleville, Illinois. He was involved in a dispute with Memorial Hospital, which

resulted in Memorial revoking his hospital privileges, and Timothy subsequently filed suit.

The other major hospital in Belleville, St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, later dropped him from its

staff. At the end of 2008, Timothy’s certification as a board-certified plastic surgeon lapsed

because he no longer had full admitting privileges at a joint commission-accredited hospital.

His situation essentially was that he was not board-eligible because he did not have full

admitting staff privileges at a qualified hospital. He could not be certified until he obtained

such hospital privileges. His application for temporary privileges so he could sit for the

board-certification examination was denied. He testified that since April of 2010, he has

applied at a dozen hospitals but, due to his lack of board certification, his applications were

denied. The record reflects that Timothy’s suit against Memorial Hospital is inactive due to

his failure to pay the attorneys representing him. As of trial, Timothy owed his attorneys in

the lawsuit against Memorial Hospital approximately $22,000.

¶ 8 Christine was the office manager of Timothy’s practice until April of 2009, essentially

handling the day-to-day operations of the facility. Timothy took no active part in such

management. The responsibilities assumed by Christine included accounts receivable and

accounts payable.

¶ 9 In the period from approximately 1999 to 2000 and beyond, Timothy’s practice was in

general reconstruction and workers’ compensation hand surgery, aswell as cosmetic surgery.

In 2000, the office was accredited as a surgical facility. When he was dropped from the staff

of the hospitals, however, the practice declined, and by the summer of 2008, he saw

essentially cosmetic patients.

¶ 10 An exhibit submitted by Christine indicated that the lowest salary for a plastic surgeon

was approximately $202,000, with the higher percentile making over $472,000. The

remaining employee of the practice testified that prior to 2007, the office saw a substantial

amount of workers’ compensation and cosmetic surgery patients. Both categories had

declined substantially since 2007, and the employee was trying to collect old accounts

receivables.

¶ 11 A major issue between the parties centers on the testimony of Dominic Maduri, who for

12 years prior to trial had been the certified public accountant for the parties and for the

medical corporation. In his testimony, Maduri indicated his concerns about the financial

condition of the practice starting in 2008, including his perception that the practice could not

make its retirement contribution for that year and his view that, given the age of the

practice’s accounts receivables, alongwith nonapplication of incoming funds to the accounts

receivables, the actual value of said accounts was “nominal.” Maduri recounted a substantial

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decrease of salary payments to both Christine and Timothy in 2009, with Christine receiving

$13,250 and Timothy receiving $37,073. He further testified that neither party received a

paycheck in 2008. He offered the opinion that it would be hard to cover the medical

corporation’s debt by selling the assets of the practice.

¶ 12 Maduri customarily did not prepare formal financial statements for Timothy’s practice,

and the statements presented as to income and expenses were not done in the regular course

of business. He testified that he spent approximately 20 hours with Timothy, including trial

testimony, with a resultant bill of $2,500. Maduri further testified that he was not supplied

original documentation concerning many of the financial aspects of the corporation and

“relied on [Timothy] to be honest and forthright.” As to salary payments, he testified that

Timothy’s 2009 W2 showed $113,624.83 as gross compensation. He also testified as to the

estimated value of the equipment of Timothy’s practice, but did not give a fair market value,

only the history of cost depreciation and tax treatment of that equipment.

¶ 13 Christine, after the separation of the parties, was hired by Barnes-Jewish Hospital, in St.

Louis, Missouri, making $31.09 per hour, 30 to 40 hours a week, with a net monthly income

of approximately $2,956.78. As stated before, Christine is a nurse. Barnes had indicated that

in order to advance, Christine needed to obtain a master’s degree by taking courses at

Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, which would cost $50,000, but might be paid by

Barnes Hospital as an employee benefit. The parties have two daughters, described as “two

talented, extroverted daughters who excel athletically and academically and are involved in

extra-curricular activities.” Due to the financial pressures the parties sustained, Christine

used money from a daughter’s account to stave off foreclosure on the parties’ residence. The

children’s funds were also used to supply a vehicle for Christine so she could get back and

forth to work. The vehicle she had driven earlier was sold, with the money applied to the

practice’s debts.

¶ 14 Christine testified that, except for four years when the children were infants and she

stayed home by agreement, she has worked either with Timothy (1999 to 2009) or as a nurse

elsewhere. She further testified that she had made geographic moves to further Timothy’s

career and educational opportunities.

¶ 15 As to the parties’ residence, other than paying homeowner’s insurance for July 2009,

Timothy has not assumed payments on the mortgage, homeowner’s insurance, real estate

taxes, or utilities. Christine has made payments for car insurance, gasoline, clothes, and

groceries, and she provided for the children’s needs from her own earnings. She has also

covered the children’s insurance through her employment. Timothy has taken funds from his

IRA for his attorney fees. He failed to pay Christine’s life insurance and his coverage of her

on health insurance, and he canceled the residence’s phone service and alarm service, as well

as Christine’s cell phone. The residence ultimately went into foreclosure. Timothy has had

the services of a number of attorneys and has made some payments to those attorneys from

petty cash and an IRA.

¶ 16 The circuit court consolidated a foreclosure action with the trial of this dissolution and

received testimony and numerous exhibits as to the financial history and status of the parties

and the medical practice. The court entered a finding that it had jurisdiction and a finding as

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to grounds, and it made a number of findings which will be summarized at this point in our

disposition and expanded upon in consideration of the parties’ issues on appeal. The court

noted that Timothy’s income was a “complex issue” and ultimately found his net to be

$2,069 per month, awarded custody to Christine of the minor children by agreement, and

assessed child support of $580 per month (28% of the net). As to the medical practice, the

court found that valuation was an area of dispute, noted that it had debts totaling over

$66,000, and agreed with Christine’s argument that without goodwill, the practice was worth

$65,000. The court, in consideration of the accounts receivable and accounts payable and

debts of the corporation, determined the net value of the corporation to be $25,000 and

awarded that to Timothy. The court found individual retirement accounts and Timothy’s

profit sharing to be marital property, and after the award of the accounts to each party in their

own name, it distributed the profit sharing 75% to Christine and 25% to Timothy. The court

further considered in valuation an ordinary income tax rate of approximately 28%. As to the

consolidated foreclosure action, a judgment of foreclosure was entered. A $210,000 note

from the trust owning the practice’s office building was awarded equally to the parties, and

the 10% of the plan owned by the parties was awarded to Christine. Timothy was ordered to

reimburse Christine for the cost of health insurance for the two minor daughters, $521.28 a

month, and half of the cost of uncovered health care. He was further ordered to maintain a

$500,000 unencumbered life insurance policy for the benefit of the children.

¶ 17 In considering the lawsuit Timothy had filed against Memorial Hospital, the circuit court

had indicated that its value was unknown, reserved jurisdiction over any allocation, and

found the $22,354.77 owed to trial counsel for Timothy to be marital debt to be split equally,

with any future attorney fees to be the responsibility of Timothy. As to distribution of other

debt, Timothy was deemed liable for the debt assigned to the value of his practice and was

ordered to reimburse Christine for the daughters’ trip to Europe. The cost of the fee for the

guardian ad litem was to be split 75% Timothy and 25% Christine. Christine argued for

maintenance, and Timothy’s oral motion to order maintenance for him was denied. The

circuit court ordered Timothy to payChristine $300 a month for three years as rehabilitative

maintenance. As to attorney and accountant fees, Timothy was ordered to pay his own

attorney fees, the fee to be charged by his accountant, and $12,215 of Christine’s attorney

fees.

¶ 18 Various posttrial motions were filed, including a posttrial motion/motion to reconsider

by Christine and a motion by Timothy to reopen proofs. Said motions were disposed of,

including denial of the motion to reopen and an order modifying Timothy’s life insurance

obligations. Timothy appealed and Christine cross-appealed. This court consolidated both

appeals for briefing, argument, and disposition.

¶ 19 ANALYSIS

¶ 20 For the sake of clarity, we now consider the issues raised by the appeal and cross-appeal

in the manner and form presented to us by the parties. As stated above, we will state further

findings of fact and disposition as required to resolve the issues submitted.

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¶ 21 I

¶ 22 The first issue presented by Timothy is whether the circuit court abused its discretion by

disregarding the testimony of the accountant that the accounts receivables of Timothy’s

medical practice were of “nominal” value and instead determining that they had value.

Timothy also alleges that a $40,000 math error was made in the judgment. Christine, in reply,

argues credibility, noting that the accountant testified that he had a limited amount of

information concerning the medical corporation’s financial activities and relied on Timothy

for input into his opinion. Christine also notes that the court had numerous exhibits

concerning the financial activity of the said corporation. The circuit court in its order noted

its consideration of these exhibits and testimony. It stated:

“Included in the [c]ourt’s considerations are the debts alleged by [Timothy] (R.H.

Donnelley–$47,649.28; Capital One–$15,595; American Express–$1,356.77; Mike

Williams–$1,800); the [a]ccounts [r]eceivables, adjustments to receivables, the

collectability of receivables, the account balances, the depreciable assets acquired since

2005, the profit/loss statement, sales summary, patient counts, salaries paid in 2009,

transactions by account, expenses per book, summary of transactions since preliminary

injunction, [c]orporate [t]ax [r]eturns (2006-2008) and depreciation schedules.

[Christine] presents to this [c]ourt a credible argument that the service corporation,

without goodwill, has a net value of $65,000. [Timothy] presented no valuation

evidence.”

The court then offset the accounts receivable with the accounts payable and determined the

value of the corporation to be $25,000, exclusive of goodwill. This figure consisted primarily

of office equipment, supplies, inventory, and various bank accounts. The court reserved

consideration of personal goodwill, to be considered in determining the question of

Timothy’s future income capacity.

¶ 23 Given the consideration given by the court to the exhibits and the factors involved, we

conclude that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion or rule contrary to the evidence in

arriving at the value of this closely held medical corporation. It was the province of the trial

court to weigh the credibility of the witnesses (In re Marriage of Crook, 211 Ill. 2d 437, 813

N.E.2d 198 (2004); Eychaner v. Gross, 202 Ill. 2d 228, 779 N.E.2d 1115 (2002)), and we

will not reweigh the evidence presented. In her brief to this court, Christine argues that the

documents prepared by Maduri were not prepared in the ordinary and regular course of

business but were prepared with litigation in mind, and she cites to the record indicating

Maduri was not furnished with original documentation, did not check receipts to determine

the mixture of business and personal payments, relied on Timothy to be forthcoming, and did

not do any form of audit of the corporation. We defer to the trial court in assessment of

credibility. In re Marriage of Charles, 284 Ill. App. 3d 339, 672 N.E.2d 57 (1996); In re

Marriage of Gurda, 304 Ill. App. 3d 1019, 1025, 711 N.E.2d 339, 343 (1999).

¶ 24 We note that the record reflects testimony by Christine, who served as Timothy’s office

manager for 10 years, the office manager succeeding Christine, and accountant Maduri. The

list of exhibits included an equipment list, a statement of the costs of said equipment, a

depreciation schedule, and a depreciation report for the corporation used for tax purposes.

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The court also considered tax returns prepared by Maduri. The circuit court’s order clearly

reflects careful consideration of all of these factors, and we cannot saythe court either abused

its discretion or ruled contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.

¶ 25 In the parties’ petition for rehearing and response, a particular area is argued as the point

where the trial court erred mathematically. After a thorough review of the parties’ arguments

and the record, we conclude this math error does not undermine the circuit court’s judgment.

¶ 26 Timothy argues that a $40,000 error was made in property distribution. Specifically, he

notes the court found the value of the Suburban awarded to him was $23,930, the value of

the medical corporation awarded to him was $25,000, and the total amount of this award to

him was $89,000. Timothy notes a math error of $40,000 and argues, therefore, a significant

math error was made requiring reversal, citing In re Marriage of Zimmerman, 200 Ill. App.

3d 594, 558 N.E.2d 302 (1990) (math error materially affected apparent court’s intended

property distribution).

¶ 27 Was the error significant? We think not. The circuit court valued the corporation without

goodwill at $65,000, then offset the accounts receivables with the accounts payable, arriving

at a valuation of $25,000, exactly $40,000 lower than the figure argued above as error. The

focus of our examination, however, is not an easily explainable math error, taking the prior

unmodified valuation in computing this award to Timothy, but the apparent intent of the

circuit court in its distribution decision. The circuit court intended to award the value of the

medical corporation, initial valuation or modified valuation, and whatever level of its

financial stress, to Timothy, the party with the appropriate licensing and experience. The

court also intended to award him transportation, the Suburban. The $40,000 discrepancy,

probably reflecting use of the unmodified valuation, was an error of no practical effect or

prejudice to the court’s distribution decision and is not sufficient for reversal. The property

distribution as a whole is well supported by the record. As noted in Christine’s response to

the petition for rehearing, the reviewing court may affirm on any basis appearing in the

record. See McDunn v. Williams, 156 Ill. 2d 288, 620 N.E.2d 385 (1993); John O. Schofield,

Inc. v. Nikkel, 314 Ill. App. 3d 771, 731 N.E.2d 915 (2000).

¶ 28 II

¶ 29 The second issue urged by Timothy is that the circuit court committed error in

considering taxes in determining the valuation and distribution of the parties’ retirement

accounts, citing In re Marriage of Alexander, 368 Ill. App. 3d 192, 857 N.E.2d 766 (2006).

Christine, in response, argued that the circuit court was mandated to consider those tax

consequences pursuant to section 503(d)(12) of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of

Marriage Act (Act) (750 ILCS 5/503(d)(12) (West 2010)), specifically requiring the circuit

court to consider the “tax consequences of the property division upon the respective

economic circumstances of the parties.”Christine further argues that the retirement accounts

in the instant case were pretax accounts, so the situation in this case is distinguishable from

In re Marriage of Alexander in that the Alexander accounts were investment accounts.

¶ 30 We conclude that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in considering the tax

consequences of its distribution of these retirement accounts. The nature of said accounts

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distinguishes the parties’situation from that of the parties in Alexander, and we note that the

circuit court is obligated by statute to consider the tax consequences of a distribution such

as the court made in the instant case. We conclude that the circuit court appropriately

followed the mandate of the statute and that its ruling was not an abuse of discretion.

¶ 31 III

¶ 32 The third issue argued by Timothy on appeal is that the court erred in not subtracting

from its finding of net income for purposes of determining child support his obligation,

ordered by the circuit court, to pay health insurance payments for the children of the parties.

Christine, in opposition, argues that the record reflects Timothyhad other avenues of income.

Based upon the mandate of the statute, we determine that the circuit court was required to

subtract the above-stated insurance obligation and modify the award of child support

accordingly.

¶ 33 The circuit court in its order considered Timothy’s corporate tax returns to be the most

reliable historical data on income and determined his income based on his 2009 W2, personal

obligations paid with Timothy’s corporate credit card and by corporate check, and the value

of the vehicle provided to Timothy. The circuit court also found that while Timothy had

devoted substantial time and resources to this dissolution litigation which “unavoidably

affected his current income,” the court did not make a finding that he was not making a goodfaith effort to earn sufficient income. The court further noted that it anticipated Timothy’s

income would increase and that if this occurred, a petition to increase child support could be

filed by Christine. After reviewing various financial statements, the court found Timothy’s

current monthly net income to be $2,069 and ordered child support in the amount of $580

per month, 28% of that reported net. It also ordered payment of $521.28 per month for the

children’s health insurance. Timothyargues that pursuant to section 505(a)(4) of the Act (750

ILCS 5/505(a)(4) (West 2010)), the health insurance payment for the children was required

to be deducted from the court’s finding of net income before a determination of 28% was

made. Christine, as stated above, argued that the evidence shows other avenues of income

for Timothy. We reiterate that the court found the net figure of $2,069 per month and that

arriving at that figure, the circuit court did not subtract the insurance obligation. Accordingly,

pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 366 (eff. Feb. 1, 1994), we reduce the child support

obligation of Timothy from $580 per month to $433.36 per month pursuant to statute. While

a circuit court may deviate from the percentage of net income noting its findings explicitly

under the statute, the circuit court in the instant case determined not to deviate. Accordingly,

we modify this finding of the circuit court.

¶ 34 IV

¶ 35 Timothy’s next argument deals with maintenance. He argues that the maintenance award,

$300 a month for a period of three years, along with the other obligations that the court

ordered him to assume, exceeded his monthly income and, accordingly, constituted an abuse

of discretion. Christine, in opposition, argues that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion

in that it heard evidence on and applied all of the factors relevant to determination of

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maintenance under section 504 of the Act (750 ILCS 5/504 (West 2010)). Christine also

argues that, pursuant to section 504 of the Act, the court had to consider factors of the

absence of any significant nonmarital properties of the parties, Christine’s need to relocate

due to foreclosure of the home, her responsibilities as to the parties’ two minor daughters,

future earnings of Timothy as a plastic surgeon, as opposed to Christine’s future earning

capacity as a nurse, the time and effort necessary for Christine to advance her professional

position by further education, the standard of living established by the parties, the duration

of the marriage (approximately 19 years), and the age of the parties (Timothy 49, Christine

45). Section 504(a)(3) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/504(a)(3) (West 2010)) directs the circuit court

to consider the present and future earning capacities of the parties, and the circuit court

clearly did so in the instant case.

¶ 36 The circuit court in its order indicated that it considered the following factors:

“the income and property of each party, their present and future earning capacity; the

time necessary to acquire appropriate education, training, and employment; a party’s

ability to support herself; the duration of the marriage and the standard of living

established during it; the age and physical and emotional conditions of the parties and

any other factor the court finds to be just and equitable.”

The circuit court further noted that there is an established income disparity between the

parties’ current and future earning capacities, Christine being a registered nurse and Timothy

being a plastic surgeon. The court then concluded that rehabilitative maintenance was

appropriate and set the terms of the said maintenance at $300 per month for a period of three

years.

¶ 37 We conclude that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in determining both the

question of maintenance and its amount. While explicitly noting that the court had

considered the assets and distributions, it further noted that it was considering future earning

capacity. The record also reflects Timothy’s use of corporate and other assets to pay personal

expenses. In the context of the entire case, taking into account all of his sources of income,

that the maintenance awarded was rehabilitative for a finite period of time, the distribution

of assets to the party, and the future earning capacity of both parties, we are unable to say that

the award was an abuse of discretion. In keeping with the legislative intent of rehabilitative

maintenance, the circuit court noted:

“[S]aid duration and amount will provide incentive for [Christine] to procure in an

expeditious and just manner the additional education, training and skills necessary to

attain independence as soon as practicable. IRMO Carpenter, 286 Ill. App. 3d 969, 973

(5th Dist. 1997).”

¶ 38 V

¶ 39 The next point of appeal concerns attorney fees. The circuit court, after indicating its

consideration of sections 501(c-1), 503(j), and 508 of the Act (750 ILCS 5/501(c-1), 503(j),

508 (West 2010)), considered in detail the question of attorney fees, ultimately awarding

$12,215 in favor of Christine and against Timothy for Christine’s attorney fees. Timothy

alleges an abuse of discretion by the court in this award, considering the other awards which

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obligate payment by him and alleging unnecessary litigiousness on the part of Christine.

Christine, in response, argues that the circuit court need not make specific findings if the

record as a whole provides the basis for the court’s judgment. She argues that the court

clearly considered all applicable factors in the statute and that the necessity of litigating

Timothy’s actions was a valid consideration by the court in the allocation of attorney fees.

¶ 40 Initially the circuit court noted that while Christine had, at the time of judgment, paid

$3,700 toward her own attorney fees, Timothy had paid approximately $11,315 to his

attorneys and had $2,100 remaining, as well as the fee owed to his certified public

accountant. The court noted Christine’s allocation of fees to various categories, including

Timothy’s failure to comply with discovery ($3,086.34), Timothy’s failures to comply with

court orders ($5,582.50), and other fees incurred byTimothy’s actions which were above and

beyond those fees that should have been necessary to resolve the matter ($4,074.01). The

circuit court assessed $2,500 against Timothy as fees attributable to conflicts over discovery

and failure to comply with court orders. As to those fees allegedly incurred by Timothy’s

actions, the court noted that they would be “additional factors considered in the allocation

of [Christine’s] remaining fees.” As to the foreclosure action, the circuit court assessed

attorney fees of $1,422.34 against Christine. The total attorney fee judgment entered by the

circuit court was $12,215, comprised of $2,500 on the discovery and failure-to-comply

matters and $9,715 for other outstanding fees owed. The court also indicated that above and

beyond this judgment, Christine would be responsible for any remaining attorney fees.

¶ 41 As stated above, this has been an intenselylitigated case. The parties together have raised

over a dozen issues on appeal, and the number of contested issues accurately reflects the

intensity and bitterness of this litigation. Our review of the record also reflects numerous

conflicts over discovery, Timothy’s general failure to comply with discovery, and his failure

to comply with other court orders. As to alleged litigiousness on the part of Christine, while

Timothy further argues that the obligations placed upon him by the circuit court exceed his

net income, the court had noted, and we find in the record, numerous instances of Timothy

using assets of various accounts, as well as his professional corporation, to pay numerous

expenses. Given the factors evident from our review of the record, we cannot say that the

assessment of attorney fees against Timothy was an abuse of discretion.

¶ 42 VI

¶ 43 The circuit court heard evidence concerning confrontations between Christine and

Timothy, some in the presence of the parties’ minor children and some involving the threat

of the discharge of firearms by Timothy. In resolving this matter, the circuit court ordered

that all of Timothy’s firearms be placed in the custody of the sheriff of St. Clair County and

that all current firearm owner identification cards belonging to Timothy be held by an

attorneyuntil further order of court. Christine’s attorneyfurtherrequested that these firearms

be shipped to Pennyslvania, Timothy’s home state, and that Timothy not possess a firearm

in Illinois until the fall of 2013 when their youngest child commences college. Timothy did

not object at trial to this disposition except a disinclination to assume the cost of transporting

the weapons. The court ordered Christine to make arrangements for the shipping, ordered

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Timothy to cooperate with her and the sheriff’s department with regard to any paperwork,

and ordered that Christine be responsible for the reasonable costs of this transportation.

However, Timothy argues that the circuit court’s order as to firearms resulted in a

deprivation of his liberty without due process of law, relying upon District of Columbia v.

Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008), and McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. ___, 130 S. Ct.

3020 (2010). Christine, in response, argues that pursuant to section 602 of the Act (750 ILCS

5/602 (West 2010)), the circuit court has a duty to consider the best interests of the children

in this type of litigation and that this public policy is further expressed in the Illinois

Domestic Violence Act of 1986 (750 ILCS 60/101 to 401 (West 2010)). We note in

consideration that Heller indicates the existence of an area of reasonable regulation of

firearms. We consider that the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of 1986 and the Illinois

Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act constitute a legitimate regulation of Timothy’s

second amendment rights. In her cross-appeal, Christine argues that the circuit court abused

its discretion in ordering her to pay for the shipment of the firearms, citing In re Marriage

of Fryer, 88 Ill. App. 3d 454, 457, 410 N.E.2d 596, 599 (1980). We disagree that this order

constitutes an abuse of discretion. We note that Christine is the custodial parent, that

Timothy was the party taking actions with the firearms in this domestic dispute, that initially

in front of the circuit court Timothy agreed to the disposition of the weapons, and that the

judgment of the circuit court does not leave Christine without the financial capacity to pay

for the shipping of the weapons to Timothy’s parents in Pennsylvania. We also find, given

the failure of Timothy to comply with various court-ordered obligations, that it was not an

abuse of discretion for the circuit court to assign the actual execution of its order to Christine

rather than Timothy, apparently reflecting the court’s assessment that in this manner, the

court’s order would actually be carried out. As noted in Christine’s argument, the paramount

obligation of the circuit court is to consider and protect the best interests of the children (750

ILCS 5/602(a) (West 2010)), and we cannot say that the assignment of these duties and

expenses to Christine in orderto ensure protection of the minor children constitutes an abuse

of discretion.

¶ 44 VII

¶ 45 Timothy next argues that the circuit court exceeded its authority in ordering Timothy to

provide Christine with his and his corporation’s tax returns for the next five years, citing In

re Marriage of Best, 228 Ill. 2d 107, 886 N.E.2d 939 (2008). Christine argues that the court

acted within its discretion, noting the statutory obligation of the parties subject to paying

support to report new employment (750 ILCS 5/505(h) (West 2010)) and the formula of the

Act contemplating percentage award of support (750 ILCS 5/505(a)(5) (West 2010)). In the

context of this litigation viewed as a whole, we find that the court’s order was not an abuse

of its discretion. In light of the entire history of this case, the intense, bitter, and litigious

nature of the parties’ clash (including problems of enforcement of court orders), and the

continuing obligations ordered by the circuit court concerning child support, life insurance,

and the payment of maintenance, the circuit court’s order was reasonable. We also note that

part of the circuit court’s consideration in resolving the parties’ litigation was consideration

of the future earning capacity of both parties, and in light of Timothy’s greater future earning

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capacity as compared to Christine’s, the requirement that these tax returns be supplied to

Christine for a period of years is not unreasonable. We also consider that an issue raised by

Christine in cross-appeal is the failure of Timothy’s medical corporation to honor various

court orders, a matter that will be discussed and resolved later in this decision.

¶ 46 In light of the complexity, intensity, and conflict of this litigation, we do not consider the

placement of Timothy under a continuing duty to provide Christine with his personal and

corporate tax returns to be an abuse of discretion.

¶ 47 VIII

¶ 48 A further issue raised by Timothy concerns the use by Christine of various funds,

allegedly for her own purposes and, accordingly, an abuse of discretion by the circuit court

in makingChristine trustee of the minor children’s interest in Timothy’s life insurance. Both

parties used various sources of funding for their own purposes, and the circuit court noted,

as to the argument on dissipation, that both parties had refuted the other’s charges of

dissipation of marital assets. Also, as noted above, Christine was found to have used assets

of the children for the purposes of forestalling a foreclosure action of the marital residence

where she and the minor children resided and, after turning in a more expensive car and

using the proceeds to discharge various debts, purchasing a less expensive automobile with

one of the minor children’s assets in order to maintain transportation to her employment. In

light of both parties’ actions and the uses Christine made of her expenditures of the

children’s assets, we cannot say that the circuit court abused its discretion in retaining her

as trustee of the children’s interests. Particularly, in the purchase of the automobile in order

to maintain her employment, the use of the children’s assets was definitely to the benefit of

the children.

¶ 49 IX

¶ 50 Timothy argues as an additional issue on appeal that the circuit court abused its discretion

in ordering him to pay the cost of the minor children’s health insurance, an obligation noted

above, and partial reimbursement of his children’s trip to Europe, arguing that there was

insufficient evidence of either expense. We have reviewed the record in this case and

disagree.

¶ 51 X

¶ 52 The final issue argued before this court on Timothy’s behalf is that the circuit court erred

in that, pursuant to General Motors Corp. v. Pappas, 242 Ill. 2d 163, 950 N.E.2d 1136

(2011), the circuit court improperly refused to consider further evidence before its judgment

was final and immortalized in a written order. Christine, in counterargument, argues that this,

in effect, was a motion to reopen the proofs in this case and that the movant was required to

show a valid reason why the evidence was not previously presented, that the evidence was

important, and that reopening the proofs for presentation of further evidence would not be

unfair to the party opposing the motion (Kaluzny Brothers, Inc. v. Mahoney Grease Service,

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Inc., 165 Ill. App. 3d 390, 518 N.E.2d 1269 (1988)). As one can surmise by the length of this

decision, a substantial amount of evidence, both testimonial and by means of exhibit, was

presented to the circuit court in consideration of this litigation and presented by both parties,

and we cannot say that the circuit court’s refusal to reopen in this case was an abuse of

discretion.

¶ 53 Three issues are presented to this court byChristine as cross-appellant. One issue, which

argues abuse of the trial court’s discretion in ordering Christine to pay for the shipment of

Timothy’s firearms, has previously been addressed. We now address the other two issues on

cross-appeal.

¶ 54 XI

¶ 55 Christine argues that the circuit court committed error in its decision not to enforce prior

temporary support orders. She argues that the circuit court misplaced reliance on this court’s

decision in In re Marriage of Simmons, 221 Ill. App. 3d 89, 581 N.E.2d 716 (1991). She

argues that the circuit court’s decision not to enforce the order, its failure to make child

support and maintenance retroactive to the date of the first order for temporary relief, and

failure either to hold Timothy in contempt for noncompliance or to shift the burden to him

to prove that he was unable to pay the amounts ordered, and the failure to assess an arrearage

in attorney fees constituted an abuse of discretion. We disagree.

¶ 56 This litigation, as noted numerous times in our disposition, has a long and tortured

history. The order of the circuit court includes allocation of parts of Christine’s attorney fees

to Timothy for his actions, and inactions, concerning discovery and support obligations. It

appears, from viewing this litigation as a whole and viewing the entirety of the circuit court’s

order, that the circuit court determined it was in the best interests of all parties and an

exercise in judicial economy to resolve all outstanding issues between the parties. In effect,

the circuit court combined all prior arguments of the parties into one final trial and order. In

light of the circuit court’s global disposition of the matters between the parties and the

litigious nature of one of the parties as found by the circuit court, we cannot say that the

court’s approach was unreasonable or an abuse of discretion.

¶ 57 XII

¶ 58 Christine’s final issue on appeal is that the trial court erred in failing to enforce court

orders and a notice of withholding filed against Timothy’s medical corporation (ARPSI). She

argues that Timothy is an employee of ARPSI and that the corporation was properly served

pursuant to the Income Withholding for Support Act (750 ILCS 28/1 to 999 (West 2010)).

The record fails to indicate any action being taken by the corporation. An amended petition

for enforcement was filed by Christine joining ARPSI as a party, and an answer to the

petition for enforcement was subsequently filed. She notes that the record indicates a failure

to withhold Timothy’s income by the corporation and that the Income Withholding for

Support Act is mandatory. The circuit court found failure byTimothyand his corporation and

based on the withholding requirement ordered him to pay $249.50 in unpaid child support,

$3,600 in unpaid maintenance, and $6,255.36 in unpaid health insurance premiums for the

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children. The record indicates that nothing was withheld by the corporation and nothing was

paid. Christine argues that due to this lack of action, the circuit court erred in refusing to

enter a judgment against ARPSI, assess penalties pursuant to section 35 of the Income

Withholding for Support Act (750 ILCS 28/35 (West 2010)), and assess incidental attorney

fees. It appears, from our consideration of this issue, that the assessment of a judgment

against the payor, ARPSI, is mandatory. See 750 ILCS 28/35 (West 2010); see also Dunahee

v. Chenoa Welding & Fabrication, Inc., 273 Ill. App. 3d 201, 652 N.E.2d 438 (1995); In re

Marriage of Chen, 354 Ill. App. 3d 1004, 820 N.E.2d 1136 (2004). Accordingly, we vacate

any order or a part of any order entered by the circuit court that may be construed to refuse

Christine’s request for enforcement and remand this issue of the dissolution action to the

circuit court for further actions consistent with the statute and this decision.

¶ 59 This litigation has been complicated and contentious to say the least. We commend the

attorneys for both parties for their thorough briefing and presentation of the many issues

presented to this court. We also commend the trial court judge for his patient and thorough

consideration of the parties’ many positions and the excellent, clear, and concisely stated

order that he filed disposing of the issues in this litigation. We especially urge both parties

in this cause, despite the obvious intensity of this litigation and the breakdown of their

relationship, to reach some form of accommodation and cooperation for the benefit of their

minor daughters.

¶ 60 Forthe reasons stated above, we modify and enterjudgment on the issue of child support,

vacate and remand for further proceedings the issue of withholding under the Income

Withholding for Support Act, and in all other respects affirm the judgment of the circuit

court of St. Clair County.

¶ 61 Modified in part; vacated and remanded in part with directions; affirmed on all remaining

issues.

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