u.s. Department of Justice 

Office of Legislative Affairs 

Oflice of the Assistant Attorney General Washil1grull. D.C 20530 

NOV 09 2012 

The Honorable Joseph R. Biden, Jr. 

President of the Senate 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Mr. President: 

Pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Act of2007 (P.L. 110-344), 

we are pleased to transmit to you a report to Congress on the Department's activities regarding 

civil rights era homicides. 

Please do not hesitate to contact this office if we may be of additional assistance 

regarding this or any other matter. 

Sincerely, 

Acting 

Jct:.Le~ Assistant Attorney General 

Enclosure 
u.s. Department of Justice 

Office of Legislative Affairs 

Offi!.:e o f the Assistant Allomey Gl:m:nll Wushingtoll. /J,e. 10530 

NOV 09 2012 

The Honorable Harry Reid 

Majority Leader 

United States Senate 

Washington, D.c' 20510 

Dear Mr. Leader: 

Pursuanllo the Emmett Ti ll Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Act of2007 (P.L. 110-344), 

we are pleased to transmit to you a report to Congress on the Department's activities regarding 

civil rights era homicides. 

Please do not hesitate to contact this office if we may be of additional assistance 

regarding this or any other matter. 

Sincerely, 

JJ:;A::el Acting Assistant ~ Attorney General 

Enclosure 
U.S. Department of Justice 


Office of Legislative Affairs 


Onice of the ssi~ nt /llIome) Genel'lll Wos/tmgtQrI. J) C 10530 

NOV 09 lOll 

The Honorable Mitch McConnell 

Minority Leader 

United States Senate 

Washington, D.C. 205 10 

Dear Mr. Leader: 

Pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Ri ghls Crimes Act of2007 (P.L. 110-344), 

we are pleased to transmit to you a report to Congress on the Department's acti vities regarding 

civil rights era homicides. 

Please do not hesitate to contact this office if we may be of additional assistance 

regarding this or any other matter. 

Sincerel y, 

.~ Judith C. Appelbaum 

Acting Assistant Attorney General 

Enclosure 
U.S. Department of Justice 


Office of Legislative Affairs 


Offi ce ofthe Assistant Anomey General W(JShiflgtOfl. D,C. 10530 

NOV 09 2012 

The Honorable Nancy Pelosi 

Minority Leader 

U.S. House of Representatives 

Washington, D.C. 205 15 

Dear Madam Leader: 

Pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Act of2007 (P.L. 110-344), 

we are pleased to transmit to you a report to Congress on the Department's activities regarding 

civil rights era homicides. 

Please do not hesitate to contact this office if we may be of additional assistance 

regarding this or any other matter. 

Sincerely, 

~c,Ctt--

Judith C. Appelbaum 

Acting Assistant Attorney General 

Enclosure 
U.S. Depa rtment of Justi ce 


Office of Legislative Affairs 


Oniee of thl: A§sislant Allorne~ (jeneral Wf/.fhil1gI011, DC }0530 

NOV 09 2011 

The Honorable Eri c Cantor 

Majority Leader 

U.S. House of Representatives 

Washi ngton, D.C. 205 15 

Dear Mr. Leader: 

Pursuant to the Emmell Ti ll Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Act of2007 (P.L. 110-344), 

we are pleased to transm it to you a report to Congress on the Department's acti vities regarding 

civil rights era homicides. 

Please do not hesitate to contact this office if we may be of additional assistance 

regarding this or any other matter. 

Sincerely, 

JUActing Assistant ;b::: Attorney General 

Enclosure 
u.s. Department of Justice 

Office of Legislative AfTairs 

Oflict: of the Assistllnt Altome) General lI'ashmgtoll. IJ C 10510 

NOV 09 201l 

The Honorable John Boehner 

Speaker of the House of Representatives 

Washington, D.C. 20515 

Dear Mr. Speaker: 

Pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Act of2007 (Pol. 110-344), 

we are pleased to tran smit to you a report to Congress on the Department's activities regarding 

civil rights era homicides. 

Illease do not hesitate to contact thi s office if we may be of additional assistance 

regarding this or any other matter. 

Sincerely. 

~(.UcJudith C. Appelbaum 

Acting Assistant Attorney General 

Enclosure 
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S 


FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS 


PURSUANT TO THE EMMETT TILL UNSOLVED 


CIVIL RIGHTS CRIME ACT OF 2007 


Oerober 2012 
-2­

INTRODUCTION 

This report is submitted pursuant to the Emmell Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act of 

2007 (''The Till Act"),1 This fourth Department of Justice (" Dar or " Department") Report is 

updated with the Department's activities in the year since the third reportl and summarizes prior 

Department activities in order to present a comprehensive picture of the Department' s efforts 

regarding unsolved civil rights murders predating December 3 1, 1969. 

Section I of the Report gives a history of tile Department's civil rights cold case work and 

provides an overview of the factual and legal challenges we face in our ongoing efforts to 

prosecute unsolved civil rights era homicides. Since the last report, Department attorneys and 

FBI agents have continued investigating the remaining cases, interviewed dozens of potential 

witnesses; and reviewed thousands of pages of documents, files, news accounts, and evidence. 

Although no matters are currently under federal indictment, several cases are being looked at 

closely at the state level. The Department's work entails a partnership among the Civil Rights 

Division, the FBI, United States Attorneys' Offices, and District Attorneys' Offices, in active 

and aggressive investigations. For example, prosecutors from the Civil Rights Division are 

actively traveling on these matters and participating in witness interviews and other investigative 

steps. 

We have now concluded our investigation into 92 of 112 cold cases involving 125 

victims. Although very few prosecutions have resulted from these exhaustive efforts, the 

Department's efforts to review these matters have helped bring closure to many family members 

of the victims. 

Section [I of the Repon sets forth the steps we have taken since we began the Cold Case 

Initiative in 2006. It describes how our efforts to bring justice and closure to the families has 

evolved to the point where it has become apparent that most of these cases will not resuh in 

prosecutions. This Section includes a description ofthe Department's efforts in locating the 

victims' next of kin, personally notifying them of the closure, and providing them with detail ed 

letters explaining the facts oftheir relative 's case and our decision. It also describes our 

ongoing efforts to generate leads, uncover relevant infonnation and heighten public awareness 

Pub. L. I JO ~ 344 (2008). The Act requires the Attorney General to annually conduct a 

study and report to Congress not later than six months after the date of enactment of this Act, and 

each year thereafter. 

The Attorney General's First Report to Congress Pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved 

Civil Rights Crime Act of2007 was submitted on May 13, 2009. The Second Report was 

submitted on August 5, 20 IO. The Third Report was submitted on September 23, 20 II. 

2 
-3­

through extensive outreach efforts. Section II notes our cold case presentations at national 

conferences, in classes, and as part of town hall meetings. 

And, this Section describes the Department's successful prosecution ofJames Ford Seale 

for the 1964 murders of Charl es Moore and Henry Dee, including the Department's extensive 

appellate litigation that successfull y upheld this important conviction . Mr. Seale died in prison 

on August 2, 20 11 . 

Section III of the Report sets forth the status of the 11 2 matters opened for review during 

this process. Section III identifies by name all 125 victims and the approximate date and 

location of death. h also identifies the three cases which were successfull y prosecuted and the 

89 matters for which, after significant investigation and review, we have made a decision to 

close without prosecution. In the majority of the matters that we have closed without 

prosecution, all identified subjects are deceased. In others, there is insufficient evidence to 

establish that a racially motivated homicide prosecutable under a civil rights statute, or any other 

federal or state statute, occurred, as opposed to some other manner of death outside the scope of 

the Till Act. 

The Department' s work pursuant to the Till Act is continuing. Although our 

investigations have reached an end in the majority of the matters reviewed, our work on the 

remaining matters continues in earnest. We believe that we have made substantial progress this 

year, and look forward to continued progress in the upcoming year. 

I. 	 THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE'S EFFORTS TO INVESTIGATE AND 

PROSECUTE UNSOLVED CIVIL RIGHTS ERA HOMICIDES 

A. Overview and Background 

For more than 50 years, the Department has been instrumental in bringing justice to some 

of the nation's most horrific civil rights era crimes, including through the Department's 

groundbreaking 1967 federal prosecution of 19 subjects for the 1964 murders of three civil rights 

workers in Philadelphia, Mississippi, a case commonl y referred to as the "Mississippi Burning" 

case in which seven defendants were convicted. These crimes occurred during a terrible time in 

our nation's history when all too often crimes were not fully investigated or prosecuted or 

evidence was ignored by juries because of the color of the victims' skin. The Department 

believes that racially motivated murders from the civi l ri ghts era constitute some ofthe greatest 

blemishes on our history. Accordingly, the Department continues to lend its assistance, 

expertise, and resources to assist in the investigation and possible prosecution ofthese matters. 

Unfortunately, federal jurisdiction over these historic cases is quite limited. The Ex Post 

Facto Clause of the Constitution and federal statutory law limit the Department's ability to 
-4­

prosecute most civil rights era cases at the federal level. For example, two ofthe most important 

federal statutes that can be used to prosecute racially motivated homicides, 18 U.S.c. § 245 

(interference with federally protected activities) and 42 U.S.c. § 363 1 (interference with housing 

rights), were nOI enacted until 1968. Another important federal statute that can be used to 

prosecute racially motivated homi cides, 18 U.S.c. § 249, was enacted in 2009. Under the Ex 

Post Facto Clause, these statutes cannot be appli ed retroactively to conduc t thai was not a federal 

crime at the time ofthe offense. 

Another limitation on such prosecutions is the five- year statute of limitations, whi ch 

before 1994, applied even to death-resulting federal criminal civil rights charges. In 1994, deathresulting violations of 18 U.S.C. § 242 (civil rights violations committed under color of law) and 

18 U.S.c. § 245 became capital offenses. As capital offenses, these statutes are no longer 

subject to a statute of limitations. 

The Fifth Amendment's protection against double jeopardy prohibits the re-trial, in the 

same court, for the same offenses, of persons who were previously found not guilty or who were 

convicted but received shockingly light sentences. There is no exception to this constitutional 

protection regardless of how biased the jury, how inadequate the prosecution or how 

misinfonned the court might have been. 

In addition, there are certain difficulties inherent in all cold cases: subj ects die; witnesses 

die or can no longe r be located; memories become clouded; evidence is destroyed or cannot be 

located; and original investigations lacked the technical and scientific advances relied upon 

today. In addition, with regard to civil rights cold cases, it appears that in some instances, 

members of local law enforcement agencies were either themselves members of the Ku Klux 

Klan, or sympathi zed with Klan viewpoints, which may have impacted their investigations into 

racially motivated homicides. Most in vestigators agree that the first 48 to 72 hours are crucial to 

solving a homicide case. Witnesses are easier to locate, and their recollections generally prove 

more accurate soon atter the incident. Investigators also agree that if a homicide is not solved 

within the first year, the chance of it ever being solved plummets. Even with our best efforts, 

investigations into historic cases are exceptionally difficult, and justice in few of these cases will 

ever be reached inside of a courtroom. Notwithstanding these legal and factual limitations, the 

Department believes that the federal government can still play an important role in these cases. 

The Department has always been willing to reassess and review cold cases when new 

evidence came to light. Thus far, the Department 's efforts have resulted in two successful 

federal prosecutions, and three successful state prosecutions, both before and since the Till Act. 

The first federal case was United States v. Avants, 367 F.3d 433 (5th CiT. 2004), which was 

indicted in the Southern District of Mississippi in June 2000. Avants was convicted in February 

2003, and sentenced to life in prison; he died in prison in 2004. The second federal case was 
-5­

United Slates \I. James Ford Seale, 600 F.3d 973 (5th Cir. 2010) which was indicted in the 

Southern District of Mississippi in January 2007. Seale was convicted in June 2007, and 

sentenced 10 three life terms; he died in prison in 20 11. 

The first successful federally-assisted state prosecution was the Sixteenth Street Church 

bombing case. State charges were filed against defendants Thomas Blanton and Bobby Cherry 

in Binningham, Alabama, in May 2000. G. Douglas Jones, at the time the U.S. Anorney for the 

Northern District of Alabama, was cross-designated to serve as the lead prosecutor in the state 

trials. Defendant Blanton was convicted in April 200 I, and sentenced to four life terms; Cherry 

was convicted in May 2002, and sentenced to four life tenns and died in prison in 2004. The 

second successful federally-assisted state prosecution was the State ofMississippi \I. Edgar Ray 

Killen. Killen was charged in Philadelphia, Mississippi, in January 2005; he was convicted of 

three counts ofmanslaughter in June 2005, and sentenced to 60 years in prison. The most recent 

successful federally-assisted state prosecution occurred in 20 I 0, in the Slate ofAlabama v. James 

Bernard Fowler. Fowler was convicted in November 20 1 0 and sentenced to six months 

imprisonment. 

In October 2008, the Till Act was signed into law, directing the Department to designate 

a Deputy Chiefin the Civil Rights Di vision to coordinate the investigation and prosecution of 

civil rights era homicides, and a Supervisory Special Agent in the FBI 's Civil Rights Unit to 

coordinate the investigation of these cases. The Civil Rights Division and the FBI were also 

given the authority to work with State and local law enforcement officials. 

II. THE COLD CASE INITIATIVE 

A. Overview 

In order to further the Department's commitment to investigating and prosecuting civil 

rights era homicides, the FBI in 2006 began its Cold Case Initiative (the Initiati ve) to identify 

and investigate the murders committed during the civi l rights era. The Department and the FBI 

have jointly participated in a multi-faceted strategy to address these investigations. 

The first step was to identify cases for inclusion under the Initiative. Each of the 56 FBI 

field offices was directed to identify cases within its jurisdiction that might warrant inclusion on 

a list of cold cases meriting additional investigation. In 2007, we began the next phase of this 

initiative, which includes a partnership with the National Association for the Advancement of 

Colored People (NAACP), the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), and the National Urban 

League to identify possible additional cases for investigation and to solicit their assistance with 

already identified matters. 

As the investigations progressed, the challenges associated with locating surviving 

subjects, willlesses and family members of the victims became increasingly clear. In an effort 10 
-6­

generate leads and other infonllation, we began an extensive outreach campaign, soliciting 

assistance from community groups and other NGOs, engaging the academic community. 

reaching oul to the media, and working with state and local law enforcement organizations. We 

have received valuable infonnation as a result ofthese efforts. When our work on the Initiative 

began, we had identified 95 maners for inclusion. Largely as a result of our outreach efforts, that 

number has now grown to 112, and our outreach campaign will continue. At a minimum, we 

believe that our demonstrated commitment already has provided the communities with the 

assurance that they are being heard and that the Department is doing everything possible to 

investigate these important cases. 

B. Ongoing Outreach Efforts 

As part of the Department's efforts to uncover relevant infonnation regarding our 

unsolved civil rights era homicides, we continue to engage in a comprehensive outreach 

program, meeting with a broad array of interested individuals and organizations. 

I . Meetings with NGDs and Community Acti vists 

In July 2010 and June 201 1, the Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division 

and other Department officials met with the Chainnan of the Emmett Till Justi ce Campaign 

C"ETJC") to discuss issues related to the Till Act. These meetings followed up on a July 2009, 

meeting during which the Attorney General met with the ETJC Chai nnan, a cousin of Mr. Till, 

and other interested advocates, academics, journalists and members ofthe media to discuss 

issues related to the Till Act. Senior officials with the Department and the FBI have also met 

with and will continue to meet with representatives from the NAACP, SPLC. and the National 

Urban League. In addition to these formal meetings, senior Department officials are in regular 

contact with the ETJC Chairman and other interested indi viduals and groups. We expect these 

productive dialogues to continue throughout the Initiative. 

11. Law Enforcement Outreach 

We have also reached out to federal and local law enforcement officials and 

organizations, including all 56 FBI field offices and all U.S. Attorney's Offices, to educate them 

about the Till Act and to solicit assistance and infomlation. A Department official provided 

infonnation on the Till Act at the Criminal Civil Rights Conferences at the National Advocacy 

Center in Columbia, South Carolina in 2009 and 2011. 

111. Collaboration with Academic Communiti es 

In January 2008, November 2008, July 2009, October 2009, October 2010, and October 

2012, Department officials met with the professors who run the Syracuse University College of 

Law Cold Case Justice Initiative. We have also been in contact with a professor from 
-7­

Northeastern University School of Law, who is directing Nonheaslem University's Civil Rights 

and Restorative Justice Project, \\'hich engages students in matters relating to the civil ri ghts 

movement. These students have also done extensive research on a number of OUf cold cases, and 

have shared their findings with us. 

IV. Recent Confe rences and Town Hall Meetings 

In February 2011 in New York City, New York; Natchez, Mississippi ; and Bogalusa, 

Lo uisiana, the FBI conducted outreach in connection with the screenings of several 

documentaries about cold cases. 

In Jul y 20 10, a Department official deli vered a presentation on the Cold Case Initi ative at 

the NAACP's annual conference in Kansas City, Missouri. 

v. Recent Media Outreach 

The Department and the FBI have continued their aggressive media outreach campaign, 

granting interviews to the Washington Post, Nationa l Public Radio, the British Broadcasting 

Company, 60 Minutes, Dateline, and local media outlets to continue to elicit the public's 

assistance with locating witnesses to these crimes, as well as family members of the victims. 

In April 201 1, 60 Minutes aired a segment on the 1964 murder of Louis Allen in Liberty, 

Mississippi . Mr. Allen was murdered in his driveway by two shots to his head. A subject 

profiled by 60 Minutes as potentially involved in the murder was also the investigating officer on 

the case. Still living in Liberty, Mississippi, this individual deni ed his involvement, but refused 

to answer some key questions posed to him and declined to take a polygraph test. An FBI 

official was interviewed as part of the program, and provided info rmation regarding the FBI 's 

in vestigation into the matter. 

The Department continues to meet withjoumalists 10 seek input, ideas, and possible 

leads. For instance, we are frequently in contact with members ofthe Civil Rights Cold Case 

Project, a multi-partner, multi-platfonn clfort focused on the unresolved history of the South 

du ring the civil rights era, seeking any infonnation that it may have relevant to cold cases. 

Among the partici pants in that project are investi gative reporters from Alabama, Mississippi, and 

Louisiana, who are vigorously investigating the maners in their respective regions. Investigative 

reporte rs from Michigan and Massachusens are also contributing to the project. Another 

participant in that project is a documentary filmmaker from the Canadian Broadcasti ng 

Corporation, who provided the Department with inval uable infonnation during the investigation 

and successful prosecution ofthe James Ford Seale case. 
-8­

C. Prosecutions 

The Cold Case Initiative resulted in one successful federal prosecution which was upheld 

on appeal in 20 I O. This case involved the 1964 murders of 19-year-olds Charles Moore and 

Henry Dee in Franklin County, Mississippi. On May 2, 1964, James ford Seale and other 

members of the Ku Klux Klan forced Moore and Dee into a car and drove the teenagers into the 

Homochitto National Forest. Seale and others transported the victims across state lines, into 

Louisiana, and then back into Mississippi to a remote location on the Mississippi River. Moore 

and Dee, bound and gagged, were chained to a Jeep engine block and railroad ties, and were 

taken by Seale out onto the water in a boat, and were pushed overboard to their deaths. 

Seale and another Klansmen, Charles Edwards, were arrested on state murder charges in 

late 1964, but the charges were later dropped. The Civil Rights Division and the U.S. Anomey's 

Office for the Southem District of Mississippi reopened an investigation into the murders in 

2006. The new investigation revealed evidence that supponed a federal prosecution under the 

federal kidnapping statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1201. Edwards, who was in the group of Klansmen who 

searched the church, but who did not participate in the act ual murders, was granted immunity 

and testified against Seale, the only other surviving panicipant. Seale was indicted in January 

2007, and convicted in June 2007, of two counts of kidnapping and one count of conspiracy. He 

was sentenced to three life tenns. 

On appeal, when Seale's conviction was reversed by a three judge panel on a legal 

technicality involving the statute of limitations, the Depanment successfully sought en bane 

review. The en bane panel reinstated Seale's conviction and retumed the case to the original 

panel for consideration of the remaining issues. On March 12, 2010 Seale's conviction was 

affinned by the original Fifth Circuit panel. On October 4,2010, the Seale's petition for 

ceniorari review to the U.S. Supreme Coun was denied. Seale died in prison on August 2, 20 11 . 

There has also been a successful state prosecution since passage of the Till Act. This 

case involved the February 18, 1965 shooting ofJimmie Lee Jackson by then·Alabama State 

Trooper James Bonard Fowler following a civil rights protest in Marion, Alabama. Mr. Jackson 

died from an abdominal infection secondary to his injuries on February 26, 1965. While Fowler 

alleged that he and Mr. Jackson struggled for control of his service weapon, and that the gun 

discharged when Mr. Jackson struck Corporal Fowler's hand, the civilian witnesses stated that 

they saw Fowler draw his gun and deliberately shoot Mr. Jackson. 

A state grand jury investigated the matter in 1965, but declined to bring charges. In May 

2007, the District Attomey for Perry County, Alabama filed murder charges against Fowler. The 

FBI lent its assistance to local investigators and the District Attomey's office in connection with 

the case. On November 15, 20 I 0, the seventy-seven year old Fowler pleaded guilty to 

manslaughter, and received a six-month prison sentence. 
·9· 


D. Notifying Victim Family Members 

During the past four years, the FBI has compl eted its work on mOSI of the investigations 

and has submined them to the Department for re view. The Department's review of these 

investigations and the thousands of documents provided by the FBI is ongoing. Unfortunately, 

during this process, it has become apparent that due to the many impediments discussed earli er in 

this Report, few, irany, of these remaining cases will be prosecuted. 

In an effort to nonetheless bring some sense of c losure to the famil y members of these 

victims, the Department is writing letters to the next of kin when found. Pursuant 10 68 Fed. 

Reg. 476 10-0 1, excepting certain categori es of disclosure from the Privacy Act, the Civil Rights 

Division has the authority to disclose infonnation about the results of an investigation or case to 

family members of the victims. Thus, we have made the decision that our notification letters will 

detail our investigati ve efforts and our findings. We have also made the decision to have FBI 

agents hand deli ver these letters to known famil y members. 

The FBI has devoted considerable resources to locating the next of kin for the victims, 

successfull y locating family members for 98 of the 125 victims. The FBI continues its efforts to 

locate victim family members. 

III. COLD CASE STUDY AND REI'ORT 

As set forth above, the Department's efforts to investigate and prosecute unsolved civil 

rights era homicide cases predate the Till Act. During the course of the Department's focus on 

these matters, we have opened 11 2 matters, involving 125 victims, for review. Six of those 

matters have been opened since the First Report to Congress was submitted in May 2009; 17 of 

them have been added since the Initiative's inception. 

Six of the 11 2 matters have been referred to state authorities. One of those matters is In 

re: Emmett Till. The District Attomey for the 4 th Judicial District of Mississippi presented the 

matter to a grand j ury in February 2007, and the grand jury declined to issue any new 

indictments. 

Thus far, our review has revealed only limited federal statutory authority for any of the 

matters, such as the fede ral murder statute used in United States v. Avants and the federal 

kidnapping statute used in United Slates v. Seale. In 49 of the cases closed without prosec ution, 

all identified subj ects are deceased. In 3 1 of the closed cases, there was insufficient evidence of 

a potential violation of a criminal civil rights statute, as opposed to an accidental death, a suicide, 

a heart attack, a homicide committed by a black subject for non-rac ial reasons, or some other 

manner of death outside the scope of the Till Act. 
•IO· 


Since January 2007. at least 72 federal prosecutors have worked on cases under review as 

part of the Department's Cold Case Initiative and the Till Act. The resources involved in a 

viable prosecution arc cnonnous. More than 40 federa l employees participated in the Seale 

prosecution alone. That number does nO( include the numerous retired federa l employees, local 

law enforcement officials, or contract employees who provided additional assistance. 

The Department has received no applications for grants from State or loeallaw 

enforcement agencies under the Till Act. 

Below is a chart listing the 125 victims whose deaths the Department has reviewed and is 

reviewing in accordance with the Ti ll Act: 

NAME OF VICTIM INCIDENT LOCATION INCIDENT DATE CLOSING DATE 

1. Louis Allen Amite County, Mississippi January 31, 1964 

2. Andrew Lee Anderson Crittendon County, Arkansas Ju ly 17, 1963 April 9, 2010 

3. Frank Andrews lisman, Alabama November 28, 1964 

4. Isadore Banks Marion, Arkansas June 8, 1964 August 2, 2012 

5. John Larry Bolden Chattanooga, Tennessee May 3, 1958 April 15, 2010 

6. Preston Bolden San Antonio, Texas May 8, 1953 May 26, 2011 

7. James Brazier Dawson, Georgia April 20, 1958 April 6, 2009 

8. Thomas Brewer Columbus, Georgia February 18, 1956 April 6, 2009 

9. Hilliard Brooks Montgomery, Alabama August 13, 1952 April 9, 2010 

10. Benjamin Brown Jackson, Mississippi May 11, 1967 

11. Charles Brown Yazoo City, Mississippi June 18, 1957 April 16, 2010 

12. Gene Brown/a.k.a Pheld 

Evans 

Canton, Mississippi 1964 April 21, 2010 

13. Jessie Brown Winona, MiSSissippi January 13, 1965 April 19, 2010 

14. Carrie Brumfield Franklinton, louisiana September 12, 1967 

15. Ell Brumfleld McComb, Mississippi October 13, 1961 April 16, 2010 

16. Johnnie Mae Chappell Jacksonville, Florida March 23, 1964 

17. Jesse Cano Brookvil le, Florida January 1, 1965 June 3, 2011 

18. Silas Caston Hinds County, Mississippi March 1, 1964 May 2, 2010 

19. James Chaney Philadelphia, Mississippi June 21, 1964 

20. Thad Christian Anniston, Alabama August 28, 1965 April 6, 2011 

21. Clarence Clon/Ker Gaston, North Carolina October l a, 1960 April 3, 2009 

22. Willie Countryman Dawson, Georgia May 25, 1958 April 6, 2009 

23. Vincent Dahman N/ A N/A April 12, 2010 

24. Jonathan Daniels lowndes County, Alabama August 20, 1965 April 26, 2011 

25. Woodrow Wilson Daniels Yalobusha Co unty, Mississippi June 25, 1958 Apri l 12, 2010 

26. Henry Hezekiah Dee Parker's Landing, Mississippi May 2, 1964 March 15, 2010 

27. GeorKe Dorsey M onroe, Georgia Ju ly 25, 1946 

28. Mae Dorsey Monroe, Georgia July 25, 1946 

29. Roman Ducksworth Taylorsville, Mississippi Aprit 9, 1962 Apri l 12, 2010 
-11­

30. Joseph Dumas Perry, Florida May 5, 1962 April 9, 2010 

31. Joseph Edwards Vidalia, Mississippi July 12, 1964 

32. Willie Edwards Montgomery, Alabama January 23,1957 

33. James Evansington Tallahatchie County, Mississippi December 24,1955 April 12, 2010 

34. Andrew Goodman Philadelphia, Mississippi June 21, 1964 

35. Mattie Greene Ringgold, Georgia May 20, 1965 May 4, 2012 

36. Jasper Greenwood Vicksburg, Mississip pi July 10, 1964 June 17, 2010 

37. Jimmie Lee Griffith Sturgis, Mississippi Se ptember 24, 1965 August 14, 2012 

38. Paul Guihard Oxford, Mississippi September 30, 1962 July 19, 2011 

39. A.C. Hall Macon, Georgia October 11, 1962 July 27, 2011 

40. Rogers Hamilton lowndes Co unty, Alabama October 22, 1957 

41. Adlena Hamlett Sidon, Mississippi January 11, 1966 May 26, 2011 

42. Samuel Hammond Orangeburg, South Carolina February 8, 1968 

43. Collie Hampton Winchester, Kentucky August 14, 1966 June 1, 2011 

44. Alphonso Harris Albany, Georgia December 1, 1966 Apri l 12, 2010 

45. Isaiah Henry Greensburg, Louisiana July 28, 1954 May 21, 2012 

46. Arthur James Hill Villa Rica, Louisiana August 20, 1965 May 18, 2011 

47. Ernest Hunter St. Marys, Georgia September 13, 19S8 April 6, 2009 

48. Jimmie lee Jackson Marion, Alabama February 18, 1965 May 3, 2011 

49. luther Jackson Philadelphia, Mississippi October 25, 1959 April 16, 2010 

50. Wharlest Jackson Natchez, Mississippi February 27, 1967 

51. Ernest Jells Clarksdale, Mississippi October 20, 1963 April 16, 2010 

52. Joseph Jeter Atlanta, Georgia September 13, 1958 May 2, 2010 

53. Nathan Johnson Alabaster, Alabama May 8, 1966 April 21, 2011 

54. Marshall Johns Ouachita Parish, Louisiana Jul y 13, 1960 April 22, 1010 

55. Birdie Keglar Sidon, Mississippi January 11, 1966 May 18, 2011 

56. Bruce Klunder Cleveland, Ohio March 7, 1964 April 16, 2010 

57. William Henry NJohn" Lee Rankin County, Mississippi February 25, 1965 May 5, 2011 

58. George Lee Belzoni, Mississippi May 7,1955 June 6, 2011 

59. Herbert lee Amite County, Mississippi September 25, 1961 April 16, 2010 

60. Richard Lillard Nashville, Tennessee July 20, 1958 April 15, 2010 

61. George love Ruleville, Mississippi January 8, 1958 June 10, 2011 

62. Maybelle Mahone Zebulon, Georgia December 5, 1967 April 6, 2009 

63. Dorothy Malcolm Monroe, Georgia July 25, 1946 

64. Roger Malcolm Monroe, Georgia July 25, 1946 

65. Sylvester Maxwell Canton, Mississippi January 17, 1963 May 2,2010 

66. Bessie McDowell Andalusia, Alabama June 14, 1956 April 9, 2010 

67. Ernest McPharland Ouachita Parish, louisiana July 13, 1960 April 22, 2010 

68. Robert McNair Pelahatchie, Mississippi November 6, 1965 May 26,2011 

69. Clinton Melton Sumner, Mississippi December 3, 1955 April 12, 2010 

70. Delano Middleton Orangeburg, South Carolina February 8, 1968 

71. James Andrew Miller Jackson, Georgia August 30, 1964 April 12, 2010 

72. Hosie Miller Newton, Georgia March 25, 1965 June 21, 2011 
- 12­

73. Booker T. Mi)(on Clarksdale. Mississippi September 12, 1959 August 13, 2012 

74. Neimlah Montlomery Cleveland, Mississippi August 10, 1964 April 12, 2010 

75. Charles Edward Moore Parker's Landing, Mississippi May 2, 1964 March 15, 2010 

76. Harriette Moore Mims, Florida December 25, 1951 July 15, 2011 

71. Harry Moore Mims, Florida December 25, 1951 July 15, 2011 

78. Oneal Moore Varnado, Louisiana June 2, 1965 

79. Wil liam Moore Attalla, Alabama April 23, 1963 August 2, 2012 

SO. Frank Morris Ferriday, louisiana December 10, 1964 

81. James Motley Elmore County, Alabama November 20, 1966 Apri l 12, 2010 

82. Claude Neal Greenswood. Florida October 26, 1934 

83. Samuel O'Quinn Centreville, Mississippi August 14, 1959 May 4,2012 

84. Herbe rt Orsby Ca nton, Mississi ppi September 7, 1964 April 12, 2010 

85. Will Owens New Bern, North Carolina March 5, 1956 April 3, 2009 

86. Mack Charles Parker Pearl River Co unty, Mississippi May 4,1959 

87. larry Payne Memphis, Tennessee March 28, 1968 July 5, 2011 

88. Charles Horatious Pickett Columbus, Georgia December 21, 1957 April 12, 2010 

89. William Piercefield Concordia Parish, louisiana July 24, 1965 

90. Albert Pitts Ouachita Parish, louisiana July 13, 1960 April 22, 2010 

91. David Pitts Ouachita Parish, louisiana July 13, 1960 April 22, 2010 

92. Jimmy Powell New York City, New York July 16, 1964 February 9, 2012 

93. William Roy Prather Corinth, Mississippi October 31, 1959 

94. Johnny Queen Fayette, Mississippi August 8, 1965 

95. Donald Raspberry Okolona, Mississippi February 27, 1965 May 17, 2010 

96. James Reeb Selma, Alabama March 8, 1965 May 18, 2011 

97. James Earl Reese Gregg County, Texas October 22, 1955 April 15, 2010 

98. Fred Robinson Edisto Island, South Carolina August 3, 1960 February 2, 2012 

99. Johnnie Robinson Birmingham, Alabama September 15, 1963 Apri l 9, 2010 

100. Willie Joe Sanford Hawkinsville, Georgia March 1, 1957 July 5, 2012 

101. MichaelSchwerner Philadel phia, Mississippi June 21, 1964 

102. Marshall Scott Orleans Parish, louisiana January, 1965 May 25,2012 

103. Jessie James Shelby Yazoo City, Mississippi January 21, 1956 May 24. 2010 

104. Ollie Shelby Hinds County, Mississippi January 22, 1965 April 16, 2010 

105. George Singleton Shelby, North Carolina April 3D, 1957 April 16, 2010 

106. Ed Smith Stateline. Mississippi April 27, 1958 November 5, 2009 

107. Henry Smith Orangeburg. South Carolina February 8, 1968 

108. lamar Smith Brookhaven. Mississippi August 13. 1955 April 12. 2010 

109. Maceo Snipes Butler, Georgia July 18, 1946 April 12. 2010 

110. Eddie Stewart Jackson, Mississippi July 9, 1966 May 26. 2011 

111. Isaiah Taylor Ruleville. Mississi ppi June 26, 1964 April 12. 2010 

112. Emmett Till Money. MissisSi ppi August 28, 1955 December 28, 2007 

113. Ann Thomas San Antonio. Texas April 8, 1969 April 15. 2010 

114. Freddie lee Thomas Sidon, Mississippi August 19, 1965 June 9,2011 

115. Selma Trigg Hattiesburg, MiSSissippi January 21, 1965 May 2, 2010 
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.. 

116. Ladislado Ureste San Antonio, Texas April 23, 1953 April 20, 2010 

117. Hulet Varner Atla nta, Georgia September 10, 1966 April S, 2009 

118. Clifton Walker Woodville, Mississippi February 29, 1964 

119. Virgil Ware Birmingham, Alabama September 23, 1963 March 29, 2011 

120. James Waymers Allendale, South Carolina July 10, 1965 April 15, 2010 

121. Ben Chester White Natchez, Mississippi June la, 1966 October 16, 2003 

122. Robert Wilder Ruston, Louisiana July 17, 1965 May 25, 2011 

123. Rodell Williamson Camden, Alabama May 20, 1967 May 2, 2010 

124. Archie Wooden Camden, Alabama December 25, 1967 April 20, 2010 

125. Samuel Younge Tuskagee, Alabama January 3, 1966 March 28, 2011