Vehicle 

Type 

Emission 

Category 

Vehicle Useful Life 

5 Years / 50,000 Miles 10 Years / 10

THC [2,5] NMHC [3] NMOG [1] CO NOx PM HCHO THC [2,5] NMHC [3] NMOG [1] C

Federal LDV Tier 0 0.41 [6] - 3.4 1.0 [4] -

Tier 1 0.41 0.340.25 - 3.4 [7] 0.200.08 - - 0.31 - 

LDT1 Tier 0 [26] 0.4 0.80 [6] - 

Tier 1 - 0.25 - 3.4 [7] 0.08 - [26] 0.670.31 - 

LDT2 Tier 0 [26] 0.4 0.800.80 [6] - 

Tier 1 - 0.32 - 4.4 [8] 0.08 - [26] 0.670.40 - 

California PC Tier 0 - 0.39 - 7.0 0.7 0.4 [10] [11] 0.015 0.80 

Tier 1 - 0.25 - 3.4 0.4 0.08 [10] [11] 0.015 - 0.31 - TLEV - - 0.125 3.4 0.4 0.08 - 0.015 - - 0.156 LEV - - 0.075 3.4 0.2 - 0.015 - - 0.090 ULEV - - 0.040 1.7 0.2 - 0.008 - - 0.055 ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 

LDT1 Tier 0 - 0.39 - 9.0 0.4 [10] [11] 0.015 

Tier 1 - 0.25 - 3.4 0.4 0.08 [10] [11] 0.015 - 0.31 - TLEV - - 0.125 3.4 0.4 0.08 - 0.015 - - 0.156 

LEV - - 0.075 3.4 0.2 - 0.015 - - 0.090 ULEV - - 0.040 1.7 0.2 - 0.008 - - 0.055 ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 

LDT2 Tier 0 - 0.50 - 9.0 1.0 [10] [11] 0.018 

Tier 1 - 0.32 - 4.4 0.7 0.08 [10] [11] 0.018 - 0.40 - TLEV - - 0.160 4.4 0.7 0.08 - 0.018 - - 0.200 

LEV - - 0.100 4.4 0.4 - 0.018 - - 0.130 ULEV - - 0.050 2.2 0.4 - 0.009 - - 0.070 

EXHAUST EMISSION CERTIFICATION STANDARDS

Federal Test Procedure (FTP)

Federal and California Programs

Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light Light-Duty Trucks

(grams/mile)

Last Modified: 3/24/98 
EXHAUST EMISSION CERTIFICATION STANDARDS

Federal Test Procedure (FTP)

Federal and California Programs

Heavy Light-Duty Trucks (federal) and Medium-Duty Vehicles (California)

(grams/mile)

Vehicle 

Type 

Emission 

Category 

Vehicle Useful Life 

5 Years / 50,000 Miles 11 Years / 120

NMHC [3] NMOG [1] CO NOx PM HCHO THC [2,5] NMHC [3] NMOG [1] CO 

Federal LDT3 Tier 0 0.80 [6] - 

Tier 1 0.32 - 4.4 [8] - - 0.80 0.670.46 - 

LDT4 Tier 0 0.7 0.80 [6] - 

Tier 1 0.39 - 5.0 [8] - - 0.80 0.670.56 - 

California MDV1 Tier 0 0.39 - 9.0 1.1 0.4 [10] [11]

Tier 1 0.25 - 3.4 0.4 0.08- [11]0.015 - 0.36 - 

LEV - 0.125 3.4 0.4 - 0.015 0.015 - - 0.180 ULEV - 0.075 1.7 0.2 - 0.008 - - 0.107 

MDV2 Tier 0 0.50 - 9.0 1.0 [10] [11] 

Tier 1 0.32 - 4.4 0.7 0.08- [11]0.018 - 0.46 - 

LEV 0.160 4.4 [13] - 0.018 0.018 - - 0.230 ULEV - 0.100 4.4 0.4 0.4 - 0.009 - - 0.143 SULEV - 0.050 2.2 0.2 - 0.004 - - 0.072 

MDV3 Tier 0 0.60 - 9.0 1.5 [10] [11] 

Tier 1 0.39 - 5.0 1.1 0.08- [11]0.022 - 0.56 - 

LEV - 0.195 5.0 [15] - 0.022 0.022 - - 0.280 ULEV - 0.117 5.0 0.6 0.6 - 0.011 - - 0.167 SULEV - 0.059 2.5 0.3 - 0.006 - - 0.084 

MDV4 Tier 1 0.46 - 5.5 1.3 - [11] - 0.66 - 

LEV - 0.230 5.5 [17] - 0.028 0.028 - - 0.330 ULEV - 0.138 5.5 0.7 0.7 - 0.014 - - 0.197 SULEV - 0.069 2.8 0.35 - 0.007 - - 0.100 

MDV5 Tier 1 0.60 - 7.0 2.0 - [11] - 0.86 - 

LEV - 0.300 7.0 [19] - 0.036 0.036 - - 0.430 ULEV - 0.180 7.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.018 - - 0.257 SULEV - 0.090 3.5 0.5 - 0.009 - - 0.130 

Last Modified: 3/24/98 
EXHAUST EMISSION CERTIFICATION STANDARDS

Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP)

Federal and California Programs

Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars), Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles

(grams/mile)

Vehicle 

Type 

Emission 

Category 

4,000 Miles 5 Years / 50,000 Miles 

US06 TEST A/C TEST COMPOSITE 

NMHC+NOx 

A/C TEST 

CO 

US06 

CO 

COMPOSITE 

CO 

COMPOSIT

NMHC+NO

NMHC+NOx CO NMHC+NOx CO 

Federal LDV Tier 1 [27] [21] 3.0 9.0 3.4 [22] 

LDT1 Tier 1 [27] 0.65 [21] 3.0 9.0 3.4 0.91 [22] LDT2 Tier 1 [12] 0.65 1.02 3.9 11.6 4.4 0.91 1.LDT3 Tier 1 [12] 1.02 3.9 11.6 4.4 [26] LDT4 Tier 1 [12] 1.49 4.4 13.2 5.0 1.44 [26] 

California PC Tier 1/TLEV [27] [21] 3.0 9.0 3.4 2.09 [22] 

LEV/ULEV 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7 0.65 0.91 

LDT1 Tier 1/TLEV [27] [21] 3.0 9.0 3.4 [22] 

LEV/ULEV 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7 0.65 0.91 

LDT2 Tier 1/TLEV [12] 1.02 3.9 11.6 4.4 1.

LEV/ULEV 0.25 10.5 0.27 3.5 

MDV1 N/A MDV2 LEV/ULEV/SULEV 0.40 10.5 0.31 3.5 

MDV3 LEV/ULEV/SULEV 0.60 11.8 0.44 4.0 

MDV4 N/A MDV5 N/A 

Last Modified: 3/24/98 
EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Federal and California Programs

Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars), Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Vehicle Test Emission Model Year

Type Procedure Category 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Federal LDV FTP Tier 0 100% 100% 60% Max 20% Max 0%

& Tier 1 [24] 40% Min 80% Min 100% 

LDT1 SFTP [25] Tier 1 40% Min 80% Min 100%LDT2 FTP Tier 0 100% 100% 60% Max 20% Max 0%

Tier 1 [24] 40% Min 80% Min 100% 

SFTP [25] Tier 1 40% Min 80% Min 100%

LDT3 FTP Tier 0 100% 100% 100% 100% 50% Max 0%

& Tier 1 50% Min 100% 

LDT4 SFTP Tier 1 40% Min 

California PC FTP Tier 0 100% 60% Max 20% Max 0%

& Tier 1 40% Min 80% Min

LDT1 TLEV 0.250 0.231 0.225 0.202 0.157 0.113 0.073 0.070 0.068 

LEV NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG ULEV Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. ZEV 

SFTP Tier 1 25% Min 50% Min 

TLEVLEV [23] 25% Min 50% Min ULEV [23]

LDT2 FTP Tier 0 100% 60% Max 20% Max 0%

Tier 1 40% Min 80% MinTLEV 0.320 0.295 0.287 0.260 0.205 0.150 0.099 0.098 0.095 LEV NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG ULEV Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. 

SFTP [25] Tier 1 25% Min 50% Min 

TLEVLEV [23] 25% Min 50% Min ULEV [23]

MDV1 FTP Tier 0 100% 100% 100% 50% Max 0%

- Tier 1 50% Min 100% 100% 73% Max 48% Max 23% Max 0%

MDV5 LEV [23] 25% Min 50% Min 75% Min 80% Max 70% Max 

C ULEV [23] 2% Min 2% Min 2% Min 20% Min 30% Min C SULEV [23]

MDV2 SFTP C LEV [23]

& C ULEV [23] 

MDV3 SULEV [23]

Last Modified: 3/24/98
US EPA Office of Mobile Sources

EPA420-B-98-001

Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions

FOOTNOTES TO THE TABLES OF EMISSION STANDARDS

Page 1 of 7

1. NMHC FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

2. THCE FOR METHANOL VEHICLES

3. THCE FOR TIER 0 METHANOL VEHICLES, NMHCE FOR OTHER ALCOHOL VEHICLES

4. APPLIES TO DIESEL VEHICLES ONLY

5. DOES NOT APPLY TO CNG VEHICLES

6. CNG VEHICLES ONLY

7. 1.0 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES THROUGH 2003 MODEL YEAR

8. DOES NOT APPLY TO DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

9. 1.25 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES THROUGH 2003 MODEL YEAR

10. DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES ONLY

11. METHANOL AND ETHANOL VEHICLES ONLY

12. GASOLINE VEHICLES ONLY

13. 0.7 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

14. 1.0 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

15. 1.1 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

16. 1.5 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

17. 1.3 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

18. 1.8 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

19. 2.0 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

20. 2.8 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

21. 1.48 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

22. 2.07 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

23. OTHER EQUIVALENT SCHEDULES ALLOWED.

24. PC/LDV & LDT1 COMBINED WITH LDT2 FOR TIER 1 PHASE-IN

25. PC/LDV & LDT1 COMBINED WITH LDT2 FOR SFTP PHASE-IN

26. STANDARDS APPLY AT A USEFUL LIFE OF 11 YEARS / 120,000 MILES

27. GASOLINE AND DIESEL VEHICLES ONLY

Last Modified: 3/24/98
Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TABLES OF EMISSION STANDARDS

Page 2 of 7

ALVWAdjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight 

 CO Carbon Monoxide

 FTP Federal Test Procedure

 GVWRGross Vehicle Weight Rating

 HCHOFormaldehyde

 HDV Heavy-duty Vehicle [California definition] [federal definition]

 HLDTHeavy Light-duty Truck

 LDT Light-duty Truck [California definition] [federal definition]

 LDT1Light-duty Truck 1

 LDT2Light-duty Truck 2

 LDT3Light-duty Truck 3

 LDT4Light-duty Truck 4

 LDV Light-duty Vehicle

 LLDTLight Light-duty Truck

 LEV Low Emission Vehicle 

 LVW Loaded Vehicle Weight

 MDVMedium-duty Vehicle

 NMHCNon-methane Hydrocarbon

 NMOGNon-methane Organic Gases

 NOx Nitrogen Oxides

 PC Passenger Car

 PM Particulate Matter

 SFTP Supplemental Federal Test Procedure

 SULEVSuper-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle

 THC Total Hydrocarbon

 TLEVTransitional Low-Emission Vehicle

 TW Test Weight

 ULEVUltra-Low-Emission Vehicle

 ZEV Zero-Emission Vehicle

Last Modified: 3/24/98
Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions

FEDERAL DEFINITIONS

Page 3 of 7

Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight (ALVW) 

The numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. (40 CFR 86.094-2) 

[Note: The federal "adjusted loaded vehicle weight" definition is identical to the California 

definition for "test weight."] 

Approach Angle The smallest angle in a plan side view of an automobile, formed by the level surface on which 

the automobile is standing and a line tangent to the front tire static loaded radius

arc and touching the underside of the automobile forward of the front tire. (40 CFR 86.084-2) 

Axle Clearance 

The vertical distance from the level surface on which an automobile is standing to the lowest 

point on the axle differential of the automobile. (40 CFR 86.084-2) 

Basic Vehicle Frontal Area 

The area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis, 

which includes tires but excludes mirrors and air deflectors, onto

a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (40 CFR 86.082-2) 

Breakover Angle 

The supplement of the largest angle, in the plan side view of an automobile, that can be formed

by two lines tangent to the front and rear static loaded radii arcs and intersecting

at a point on the underside of the automobile. (40 CFR 86.084-2) 

Departure Angle The smallest angle, in a plan side view of an automobile, formed by the level surface on which 

the automobile is standing and a line tangent to the rear tire static loaded radius

arc and touching the underside of the automobile rearward of the rear tire. (40 CFR 86.084-2) 

Federal Test Procedure (FTP) 

The test procedure as described in 40 CFR 86.130-00 paragraphs (a) through (d) and (f) which is 

designed to measure urban driving tail pipe exhaust emissions and

evaporative emissions over the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule as described in 40 CFR 

part 86 appendix I. (40 CFR 86.000-2) 

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) 

The value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single 

vehicle. (40 CFR 86.082-2) 

Heavy Light-Duty Truck (HLDT) 

Heavy light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated greater than 6,000 lbs GVWR. (40 CFR

86.094-2) 

Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV) 

Any motor vehicle rated at more than 8,500 pounds GVWR or that has a vehicle curb weight of

more than 6000 pounds or that has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 45

square feet. (40 CFR 86.082-2) 

Incomplete Truck 

Any truck which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached. (40 CFR

86.082-2) 
Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions

FEDERAL DEFINITIONS - CONTINUED

Page 4 of 7

Light Light-Duty Truck (LLDT) 

Light light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated up through 6,000 lbs GVWR. (40 CFR 

86.094-2) 

[Note: The definition for this category of trucks is essentially identical to the California 

definition for "light-duty truck.") 

Light-Duty Truck (LDT) 

Any motor vehicle rated at 8,500 pounds GVWR or less which has a vehicle curb weight of 6,000 

pounds or less and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of 45 square feet or

less, which is:

(1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivation of such a 

vehicle, or

(2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a capacity of more than 12 persons, 

or

(3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use. (40 CFR 

86.082-2) 

Light-Duty Truck 1 (LDT1) 

Any light light-duty truck up through 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.094-2) 

Light-Duty Truck 2 (LDT2) 

Any light light-duty truck greater than 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.094-2) 

Light-Duty Truck 3 (LDT3) 

Any heavy light-duty truck up through 5,750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.094-

2) 

Light-Duty Truck 4 (LDT4) 

Any heavy light-duty truck greater than 5,750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 

86.094-2) 

Light-Duty Vehicle (LDV) 

A passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 passengers or less. 

[Note: The federal "light-duty vehicle" definition is essentially identical to the California 

definition for "passenger car."] 

Loaded Vehicle Weight (LVW) 

The vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds. (40 CFR 86.082-2) 

SC03 Cycle 

The test cycle, described in 40 CFR 86.160-00 and listed in appendix I, paragraph (a), of 40 CFR

part 86, which is designed to represent driving immediately following startup.

 (40 CFR 86.000-2) 

Last Modified: 3/24/98
Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions

FEDERAL DEFINITIONS - CONTINUED

Page 5 of 7

Special Features Enabling Off-Street Or Off-Highway Operation And Use 

A vehicle:

(1) That has 4-wheel drive; and

(2) That has at least four of the following characteristics calculated when the automobile is at 

curb weight, on a level surface, with the front wheels parallel to the vehicle's

longitudinal centerline, and the tires inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure;

(i) Approach angle of not less than 28 degrees;

(ii) Breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees;

(iii) Departure angle of not less than 20 degrees;

(iv) Running clearance of not less than 8 inches;

(v) Front and rear axle clearances of not less than 7 inches each. (40 CFR 86.084-2) 

Supplemental Federal Test Procedure 

The additional test procedures designed to measure emissions during aggressive and 

microtransient driving, as described in 40 CFR 86.159-00 over the US06 cycle, and also

the test procedure designed to measure urban driving emissions while the vehicle's air 

conditioning system is operating, as described in 40 CFR 86.160-00 over the SC03 cycle. (40 CFR

86.000-2) 

US06 

The test cycle, described in 40 CFR 86.159-00 and listed in appendix 1, paragraph (g) of 40 CFR

part 86, which is designed to evaluate emissions during aggressive and

microtransient driving. (40 CFR 86.000-2) 

Vehicle Curb Weight (VCW) 

The actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of the vehicle in operational status with all 

standard equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of

optional equipment computed in accordance with 40 CFR 86.082-24; incomplete light-duty 

trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer. (40 CFR 86.082-2) 

Last Modified: 3/24/98
Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions

CALIFORNIA DEFINITIONS

Page 6 of 7

Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV) 

Any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating greater than 6000 

pounds, except passenger cars. 

Incomplete Vehicle 

Any vehicle which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached. In 

situations where individual marketing relationships makes the status of the vehicle

questionable, the Executive Officer shall determine whether a specific model complies with the

definition of incomplete vehicle. 

Light-Duty Truck (LDT) 

Any motor vehicle, rated at 6000 pounds gross vehicle weight or less, which is designed 

primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or

is available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use. 

[Note: The California "light-duty truck" definition is essentially identical to the federal definition 

for "light light-duty truck."] 

Light-Duty Truck 1 (LDT1) 

Any light-duty truck up through 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. 

[Note: California does not use the terms "light-duty truck 1" and "light-duty truck 2" in an 

official sense. However, they subdivide their light-duty trucks of less than 6000 pounds

GVWR based on LVW in exactly the same way the federal regulations do, so these terms are 

applied to California emission standards to facilitate comparison.] 

Light-Duty Truck 2 (LDT2) 

Any light-duty truck greater than 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. 

[Note: California does not use the terms "light-duty truck 1" and "light-duty truck 2" in an 

official sense. However, they subdivide their light-duty trucks of less than 6000 pounds

GVWR based on LVW in exactly the same way the federal regulations do, so these terms are 

applied to California emission standards to facilitate comparison.] 

Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) 

Any vehicle certified to low-emission standards. 

Medium-Duty Vehicle (MDV) 

Any pre-1995 model year heavy-duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight 

rating of 8,500 pounds or less, any 1992 and subsequent model year heavy-duty low-emission, 

ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-low-emission or zero-emission vehicle

having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or less, or any 1995 and 

subsequent model year heavy duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating

of 14,000 pounds or less. Medium-duty vehicles are subdivided into

five classes (MDV1-MDV5) based on vehicle test weight. 

Non-Methane Organic Gases (NMOG) 

The total mass of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions. 

Passenger Car (PC) 

Any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of persons and having a design 

capacity of 12 persons or less. 

[Note: The California "passenger car" definition is essentially identical to the federal definition

for "light-duty vehicle."] 
Exhaust Emission Standards

Footnotes, Abbreviations, and Definitions

CALIFORNIA DEFINITIONS - CONTINUED

Page 7 of 7

Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (SULEV) 

Any medium-duty vehicle certified to super-ultra-low-emission standards. 

Test Weight (TW) 

The average of the vehicle's curb weight and gross vehicle weight. 

[Note: The California "test weight" definition is identical to the federal definition of "adjusted 

loaded vehicle weight."] 

Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle (TLEV) 

Any vehicle certified to transitional low-emission standards. 

Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (ULEV) 

Any vehicle certified to ultra-low emission standards. 

Zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) 

Any vehicle certified to zero-emission standards. 

Last Modified: 3/24/98