Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 120 Series 0, Underground "Waters, 34

DEPAETMENT OF THE INTEEIOE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DlBECTOB

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW AND INDEX

OF

JM HTW Tfi MMR lilMlllAu 1U yiNUMi

PUBLISHED BY THE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

1879-19O4

BY

MYHOIST L. FULLER

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1905
Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 120 Series 0, Underground Waters, 34

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW AND INDEX

OF

PUBLISHED BY THE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

1879-19O4

BY

MYRON L. FULLER

WASH 1NGTON

O O V K R N M K N T PRINTING OFFICE

1 905
CONTENTS.

Letter of transmittal.............................

Introduction....................................

Bibliographic review ............................

Classified key to principal subject entries in index. 

Index ..........................................

Pa

5

7

9

95

101
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

HYDROGRAPHIC BRANCH, 

Washington, D. C., February 21, 1905.

SIR: I transmit herewith a manuscript entitled "Bibliographic 

Review and Index of Papers Relatirg to Underground Waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904:," prepared 

by Myron L. Fuller, geologist in charge of the eastern section, 

division of hydrology, to meet the urgent need for definite information 

as to what has been accomplished by the Survey in the line of underground-water investigations and what has appeared in Survey 

publications bearing on the subject.

Very respectfully, F. H. NEWELL,

Chief Engineer. 

Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT,

Director United States Geological Survey.

5
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW AND INDEX OF PAPERS RELATING TO 

UNDERGROUND WATERS PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1879-1904.

By MYRON L. FULLER.

INTRODUCTION.

On the organization of the division of hydrology in 1903, and the 

beginning- of systematic work on underground waters, an urgent need 

was felt for more definite information as to what had been published 

on the subject by both the National and the State surve3rs and in other 

publications. Plans were accordingly made for preparing a bibliography of underground waters, but it was soon found that owing to 

inadequate indexes it would be necessary to scan nearly every page 

of geologic publications. As this was not feasible, it became necessary to limit the work, for the time at least, to the preparation of a 

review and index of the publications of the United States Geological 

Survey.

These publications, amounting to about 400 volumes and embracing 

about 1,500 papers, were examined, many of them page by page, and 

brief summaries of the facts relating to underground waters were 

compiled. A large proportion of the references to underground 

waters are given in connection with geologic descriptions, and most 

of them are very brief, although some are of importance. Being 

incidental to discussions of other subjects, many would doubtless be 

ordinarily overlooked, especialty as in a large number of cases no 

reference is made to them in the indexes. There are about 600 titles 

in the bibliography, an average of about 21 for each year from 1880 

to 1903, but in 1904, owing to the publication of the results of the 

sj^stematic work of the new division of hj^drology, this number was 

increased to about 130.

In preparing the index two distinct classes of readers were kept in 

mind, the first including those who are interested in the undergroundwater resources of special regions, and the second those interested in 

some particular type of ground water or in one or more of the many 

problems of ground-water occurrence. For the benefit of the first,

7
8 INTRODUCTION.

comprehensive entries are given under States and other political or 

natural divisions, while for the benefit of the second are given the 

numerous subject entries. The aim has been to assemble the latter 

entries into comprehensive groups, each including references to papers 

containing material bearing on the subject of the group. The State 

entries will be found the most complete, as they include many which 

it is impossible to satisfactorily classify.

The subject entries are grouped mainh7 into a series of what may be 

termed principal subject entries, which are outlined in the " Classified 

key to principal subject entries in index," but a large number of other 

entries, including those which it was impracticable to classify and 

numerous cross references, are included with the view of increasing 

the usefulness of the index.

The general plan followed is the same as that of the geologic bibliographies of Mr. F. B. Weeks, which more nearly meet the demands 

of the user than any other publications of the kind seen b}T the writer. 

The principal point of difference is the omission of the abbreviated 

titles in the index of the present bibliography, due to the fact that the 

titles of the papers in most cases express little or nothing as to their 

contents in respect to underground-water descriptions or discussions. 

On the other hand, the present bibliography attempts to give, in connection with the titles, summaries indicating in considerable detail the 

nature of the portion of the contents bearing on underground waters.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW.

A.

1 Adams (George I.). Preliminary report on the lead and zinc 

deposits of the Ozark region: Physiography.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 69-75, 1901. 

Mentions the springs of the Ozark Plateau and Boston Mountains.

2 Oil and gas fields of the Western Interior and Northern Texas 

Coal Measures.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 184, pp. 1-29, 1901.

Contains references to and partial sections of a large number of water, 

oil, and gas wells.

3 Oil and gas fields of the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Western Gulf coast. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 184, pp. 81-62, 1901.

Mentions salt springs (p. 39), gives logs of wells (pp. 57-59), and discusses the association of petroleum, sulphur, gypsum, rock salt, and 

saline and sulphur waters (pp. 49-53).

4 Geology and water resources of the Patrick and Goshen Hole 

quadrangles in eastern Wyoming and western Nebraska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 70, pp. 50, 

1902.

Describes the geology, physiography, and drainage, including streams, 

ponds, and springs. The springs mainly seep out and are of small volume, but occur at several horizons (pp. 27-28). Deep pump wells are 

obtained from near contact of Arikaree and Brule Clays (pp. 29-30), and 

some water is afforded by the Cretaceous, although it is likely to be 

alkaline or salty (p. 30). The seepage waters are also highly mineralized (p. 30).

5 Zinc and lead deposits of northern Arkansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 187-196, 1903.

Discusses the character of solutions and the circulation of ground 

water in shales, limestones, and dolomites with relation to ore deposits 

(pp. 190-192).

6 Zinc and lead deposits of northern Arkansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Professional Paper no. 24, pp. 1-89, 1904.

Notes the action of underground waters in ore deposition (p. 32), and 

discusses the geological factors affecting the circulation (pp. 34-36). 

The part of waters in ore deposition is further discussed on pages 44-46, 

and the circulation on page 89. J. C. Branner is quoted on the formation of breccias by underground waters (p. 87).

9
10 BIBLIOGEAPHIC EEVIEW OF PAPEES [NO. 120.

7 Adams (George I.). The Rabbit Hole sulphur mines near Humboldt House, Nevada.

U. S. Geol. Stirv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 497-500, 1904.

Describes the occurrence of hot springs and silicious sinter in the 

region, and associates the deposition of sulpur with such ascending 

waters (p. 499).

8 Ahern (Jeremiah). Investigations in northern Wyoming1 .

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Kept. Reclamation Service 1902-3, pp. 

507-528, 1904.

Notes the occurrence of springs near Lake De Smet (p. 515).

9 Alden (William C.). Chicago folio. Illinois-Indiana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of II. S., folio no. 81, pp. 13, 1902.

Gives a number of deep-well sections (pp. 2-3) and discusses the water 

supplies of the drift and of the rock wells in the Potsdam and St. Peters 

sandstones and Trenton limestone. Analyses are given. The wells 

originally gave strong flows, but because of the large number drilled the 

water head has been lowered to 15 to 20 feet below the surface (p. 13).

10 Ayers (H. B.). The Flathead Forest Reserve, Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept., pt. 5, pp. 245-316, 1899. 

Notes the disappearance of streams from the surface by absorption 

(p. 261).

B.

11 Bain (H. Foster). Preliminary report on the lead and zinc deposits of the Ozark region.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 33-227, 1901.

Contains a chapter on the relation of ores to the circulation of underground waters, in which general principles, circulation, courses of 

underground waters, structural conditions, work of underground 

waters, including solution, precipitation, diffusion, etc., are considered (pp. 95-110). The ores were in part deposited by ascending 

waters, in part by descending, and in part deposited by ascending and 

concentrated by descending waters (p. 203). The relation of the ores 

to underground circulation is also discussed (pp. 204-207).

12 Load and zinc deposits of Illinois.

V. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 202-207, 1904. 

Notes burden imposed on mines by underground water (p. 203), and 

discusses the relation of underground waters to ore deposition (p. 206).

13 Fluorspar deposits of southern Illinois.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 505-511, 1904.

Discusses relation of underground waters to ore deposition (p. 510).

14 Barbour (Erwin Hinckley). Wells and windmills of Nebraska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no.'29, pp. 85, 

1899.

Among the subjects discussed are underground-water conditions 

(pp. 13-16), sheet water (pp. 17-18), artesian waters and well records 

(pp. 18-24), springs (p. 24), surface and seepage waters (p. 27), fluctuations of water level (p. 28), windmill?, turbines, and other methods of 

raising waters (pp. 28-70), well supplies for towns and cities (pp. 73-75), 

salt wells (p. 78), and blowing, breathing, and sucking wells (pp. 78-80).
I.VLI.ER.I RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 11

15 Barker (F. C.)- Irrigation in Mesilla Valley, New Mexico.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 10, pp. 51, 

1898.

The occurrence and source of the ground water in Mesilla Valley (pp. 

18-19) and the relative efficiency and cost of bringing it to the surface 

by wind and steam power (pp. 35-36) are considered.

16 Bascom (Florence). Water resources of the Philadelphia district.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 106, pp. 75, 

1904.

This paper contains detailed discussions of geology, rainfall, stream 

measurements, water powers, wells, springs, and public supplies, including those from streams, wells, and springs. Among the geological formations yielding water to wells are the Chickies quartzite, Chester 

Valley limestone, AVissahickon gneiss, Triassic rocks, and Raritan, 

Matawan, and Monmonth formations, etc.

17 Bayley (William Shirley). The Menominee iron-bearing districts 

of Michigan.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon. 46, pp. 513, 1904.

Notes the relation of descending meteoric water to ores (pp. 27-29), 

and quotes C. Rominger on action of percolating waters and D. H. Browne 

on aqueous origin of ores (pp. 90-91). The action of percolating waters, 

either ascending or descending, is considered in connection with ores 

in the Randville dolomite (p. 224), the origin of cherts (p. 231), and in 

the deposition or enrichment of Algonkian ores (pp. 395-401).

18 Maine. [Well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

27-55, 1904.

Discusses the general underground-water conditions (pp. 27-28), and 

gives tables and notes of wells (pp. 29-47) and springs (pp. 47-55). The 

well statistics include data on elevation, temperature, analyses, and uses, 

and the spring statistics data on temperature, quality, analyses, yield, 

and uses.

19 Becker (George F.). Administrative report [1879-80]. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 1st Ann. Rept., pp. 37-47, 1880. 

Discusses the occurrence, temperatures, and composition of the Coinstock mine waters [Nevada].

20 Geology of the Comstock lode and the Washoe district, with 

atlas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon. 3, pp. 422, atlas, 1882.

Analyses of mine waters are given (p. 152) and the hot waters 

encountered, some of which have a temperature of 170°, are described 

(pp 228-243). Kaolinization of feldspar, alteration of pyrite, faulting, 

and solfataric action are considered as sources of heat, most weight being 

given to the last (pp. 231-243). The water is supposed to have come 

from a considerable distance, and to have penetrated several miles below 

the surface (pp. 264 and 387-397).
12 BTBLIOGEAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

21 Becker (George F.). Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the 

Pacific coast, with an atlas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon. 13, pp. 486, atlas, 1888.

Among the subjects discussed are the following: Geysers of Iceland 

(pp. 24-26), heat of thermal springs (p. 441), hot springs in mines 

(pp. 381-382,402), association of cinnabar with hot springs (p. 371), 

sulphur springs (pp. 367, 777), hot springs and their deposits (pp. 50, 52), 

and origin of ore, solvents, etc. (pp. 438-475). The sinter, ore, and 

waters of Steamboat Springs (pp. 331-353) and of Sulphur Bank (pp. 251- 

268) are described and analyses given. The ores are supposed to have 

been deposited by hot ascending solutions (p. 416).

22 Summary of the geology of the quicksilver deposits of the 

Pacific slope.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 961-985, 1889.

Ascribes the heat of the solfataric springs at Sulphur Bank, California, 

as resulting from basalt eruption. The water carries sulphydric acid, 

which attacks basalt and deposits sulphur and cinnabar. Discusses composition of the waters and refers deposition to loss of heat and pressure. 

Some of the veins mark former solfataras (pp. 975-976). The springs 

of the Knoxville district, Steamboat Springs, and Bailey Point, California, carry alkaline sulphosalts and deposit quicksilver and gold. They 

are associated with basaltic masses of late geological age. The hot 

springs at Oat Hill are also mentioned (pp. 976-980).

23 - Administrative report [1887-88].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 9th Ann. Kept., pp. 100-102, 1889.

Notes the conditions of deposition of cinnabar in hot springs.

24 Report of the geology of the Philippine Islands.

U. S. Geol. Snrv., 21st Ann. Kept,, pt. 3, pp. 487-614, 1900.

In connection with the discussion of volcanoes the warm springs of 

Panay, the soltataras and hot springs of Albay and their deposits, and 

the Hot Springs of Los Banos are described (pp. 531-534).

25 Beede (J. W.).Prosser (Charles S.) and. Cottonwood Falls folio, 

Kansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 109, pp. 6, 1904. 

See Prosper (Charles S.) and Beede (J. W.)

26 Bout-well (J. M.). Progress report on the Park City mining district, Utah.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 31-40, 1903.

Describes the underground waters encountered in the mines and the 

collection of the domestic supply from a tunnel (p. 33).

27 Ore deposits of Bingham, Utah.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 105-122, 1903.

Notes the occurrence of springs in Bingham Canyon and the tapping 

of subterranean water courses by the underground workings. The 

water supply is thus obtained (p. 107).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 13

28 Bout-well (J. M.). Progress report on the Park City mining district, Utah.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 141-150, 1904. 

Notes difficulties with water in mines and their removal by tunnels 

(p. 149).

29 New Hampshire. [Well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

56-72, 1904.

Considers briefly the general underground-water conditions (p. 56), 

and gives tables and notes relating to wells (pp. 57-63) and springs 

(pp. 64-72). The well statistics include data on yield, quality, composition (with analyses), materials penetrated, uses, etc., and the spring 

statistics data on source, yield, composition (including analyses), temperature, and uses.

30 Boyd (David). Irrigation near Greeley, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 9, pp. 90, 

1897.

Discusses nature (p. 79), composition (p. 79), and damages by seepage waters at Greeley, and considers remedies (p. 80). The wells in the 

region above Greeley are described and legal decisions relating to 

underground waters given. Artesian flows (weak) are obtained at 

1,150 feet at Greeley, but underground waters generally fail to reach the 

surface.

31 Burchard (Ernest F.). Lignites of the middle and upper Missouri 

Valley.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 276-288, 1904. 

Gives data relating to borings and well records in Iowa and Nebraska 

(pp. 277-278, 281).

32 [Burnett (Charles A.) and others.] Irrigation literature.

U. S. Geol. Surv., llth Ann. Rept.. pt. 2, pp. 345-388, 1891. 

Many of the irrigation papers listed contain references to underground 

waters and springs.

33 Burrows (John Shober). The Barnesboro-Patton coal field of 

central Pennsylvania.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 295-310, 1904. 

Notes occurrence of mine waters (pp. 304, 306).

c.

34 Campbell (Marius R.). Richmond folio, Kentucky.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U". S., folio no. 46, pp. 4, 1898.

Mentions the sulphur, chalybeate, and alum springs of the Chattanooga shale (p. 2), and notes the occurrence of caves, sinks, and underground channels of the Newman limestone (p. 3).

35 London folio, Kentucky.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 47, pp. 3, 1898.

The occurreuce of chalybeate, sulphur, and alum springs in the Chattanooga shale, and of sinks, caves, and underground channels in the 

Newman limestone is mentioned.
14 BIBLIOGKAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPEES [NO. 120.

36 Campbell (Marius R.). Standing-stone folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 53, pp. 5, 1899. 

The oil springs which led to the drilling for oil in the region are 

described.

37 Danville folio, Illinois-Indiana. General geology.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 67, pp. 1-7 (in part), 

1900.

Gives a number of deep-well records in connection with the discussion 

of stratigraphy (p. 2).

38 Huntington folio, West Virginia-Ohio.

U. S. Geol. Snrv., Geol. Atlas of IT. S., folio no. 69, pp. 6, 1900. 

Gives a number of deep-well records (pp. 3-4).

39 Charleston folio, West Virginia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 72, pp. 9, 1901. 

Gives several deep-well records (pp. 3-4).

40 Raleigh folio, West Virginia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of IT. S., folio no. 77, pp. 8, 1902. 

Gives a number of well and boring records and sections (p. 7).

41 Masontown-Uniontown folio, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of IT. S., folio no. 82, pp. 2, 1902. 

Gives deep-well record in connection with stratigraphic discussion of 

the rocks (p. 8).

42 [and Fuller (Myrori L.)J. Natural gas: Petroleum. Masontown-Uniontown folio, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Geol. Surv., GeoL Atlas of U. S., folio no. 82, pp. 18-20, 1902. 

Gives a number of deep-well records and a table showing depths of 

coal, oil sands, etc., in 24 wells.

43. Campbell (Marius R.). Brownsville-Connellsville folio.

U. S. Geol. Surv.. Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 94, pp. 19, 1903. 

Gives partial records of several wells (pp. 7-8).

44 Latrobe folio, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 110, pp. 15, 1904. 

Gives a large number of sections based on well records (pp. 5-10) and 

a sheet of well sections.

45 Chamberlin (Thomas C.). The requisite and qualifying conditions 

of artesian wells.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 5th Ann. Kept., pp. 125-173, 1885.

Embodies descriptions and critical discussions of the lithologic and 

structural requisites for artesian flows, and considers in some detail the 

problems of capacity, height of flow, utilization, causes of decrease or 

failure of flow, arrangement, and testing of wells. The report is illustrated by numerous figures.
FULLEK.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 15

46 Chamberlin (T. C.) and Salisbury (R. D.). Preliminary paper 

on the Driftless Area of the upper Mississippi Valley.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 6th Ann. Kept., pp. 199-322, 1885. 

Mentions artesian wells at La Crosse, Prairie du Chien, Dubnque, etc., 

and gives thickness of drift penetrated (pp. 223, 303).

47 Champlin (F. A.). Additional well records in Massachusetts.

IT. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

112-117, 1904.

Gives tables showing among other data the depth, supply, and cost 

of a considerable number of wells located at East Longmeadow and 

other Massachusetts localities.

4-8 Additional well records in Connecticut.

IT. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

165-168, 1904.

Gives tables showing among other data the depth, yield, and cost of 

wells at various Connecticut localities.

49 Chandler (Albert E.). Water storage, Cache Creek, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 45, pp. 

48, 1901.

Gives well statistics, including depth, cost, efficiency of pumping, and 

use for irrigation (pp. 24-26), and describes the artesian well near 

Woodland and the artesian water of Scotts Valley and Upper Lake 

(pp. 26, 32).

50 ChaWd (Thomas M.), Clarke (F. W.) and. A report of work 

done in the Washington laboratory during the fiscal year

1883-84. 

See Clarke (F. W.) and Chatard (T. M.)

51 Chatard (Thomas M.). Salt-making processes in the United States,

IT. S. Geol. Surv., 7th Ann. Kept., pp 491-535, 1888.

Discusses the chemistry of brines from wells and other sources (pp. 

498-499), and the product and cost of obtaining salt from brines of different density (pp. 527-529).

52 Clapp (Frederick G.), Fuller (Myron L.) and. Patoka folio, Indiana-Illinois.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 105, pp. 12, 1904. 

See Fuller (Myron L.) and Clapp (Frederick G.).

53 Clarke (Frank Wigglesworth) and Chatard (Thomas M.). A 

report of work done in the Washington laboratory during 

the fiscal year 1883-84.

U. S. Geol. Surv.,-Bull no. 9, pp. 40, 1884.

Includes a considerable number of water analyses from springs and 

lakes in California, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Virginia.
16 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

54 Clarke (F. W.). Administrative report [1883-84]. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 5th Ann. Kept., pp. 59-62, 1885. 

Gives partial list of thermal spring or geyser waters analyzed at the 

Survey during the year, including waters from Yellowstone National 

Park, Montana and Virginia.

55 Report of work done in the division of chemistry and physics, 

mainly during the fiscal \T ear 1884-85.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 27, pp. 80, 1886.

Contains the following analyses (pp. 71-): (1) Incrustation of silica 

and alumina from gas well in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania (Whitfield); (2) water from Matthews Warm Springy, near Bozeman, Montana (Riggs); (3) water from White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, 

Montana (Riggs); and (4) water from mineral spring near Santa Fe, 

New Mexico (Clarke).

56 Report of work done in the division of chemistry and physics, 

mainly during the fiscal year 1885-86.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 42, pp. 152, 1887.

Contains analyses by R. B. Riggs of waters from two springs near 

Farniwell Station, Loudoun County, Virginia; from two artesian wells 

at Story City, Iowa; and from Becks Hot Springs, near Salt Lake City, 

Utah.

57 Administrative report [1885-86].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 7th Ann. Rept., pp. 127-130, 1888.

Describes the work of F. A. Gooch and J. E. Whitfield on spring and 

geyser waters of the Yellowstone National Park, and announces the 

discovery of arsenic in the waters. The difficulties of analysis are 

mentioned.

58 Administrative report [1886-87].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 189-193, 1889. 

Mentions the analysis of 18 spring and well waters, and notes the 

therapeutic value of the waters of the Yellowstone National Park on 

account of the boric acid and arsenic which they contain. Designates 

the studies of Gooch and Whitfield as among the most complete on 

record.

59 Report of work done in the division of chemistry and physics, 

mainly during the fiscal year 1886-87.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 55, pp. 96, 1889.

Contains analyses of artesian waters in Georgia and Alabama by Riggs; 

of water from Hot and Potash Sulphur Springs, Arkansas, by Clarke, 

and of a spring water from near Fort Wingate, New Mexico, by Clarke.

60 Report of work done in the division of chemistry and physics, 

mainly during the fiscal year 1887-88.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 60, pp. 174, 1890.

Analyses of the following waters are given (pp. 171-174): (1) Spring 

water, Lincoln County, North Carolina (Clarke); spring water, McLeansborough, Illinois (Riggs); (3) deep well water, Lebanon, Missouri, 

(Eakins); (4) and (5) spring waters, Hominy Hill, Arkansas, (Whitfield); (6) spring water, Denver, Colorado (Eakins), and (7) water from 

Matilija Hot Springs, near San Buenaventura, California (Riggs).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 17

61 Clarke (F. W.). A report of work done in the division of chemistr}T and physics, mainly during the fiscal year 1888-89.

IT. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 64, pp. 60, 1890.

Contains analyses by T. M. Chatard of spring water from Mountain 

City, Tennessee; spring water from Grace Spring, Laurel Bloomery, 

Tennessee; water from the Hurry Well, Frankfort, Kentucky; from 

two artesian wells at St. Augustine, Florida, and from wells near 

Clinton, Massachusetts (pp. 57-60).

62 Report of work done in the division of chemistry and physics, 

mainly during the fiscal year 1889-90. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 78, pp. 131, 1891.

Contains an analyses of a spring water from Webster Grove, near St. 

Louis, Missruri (Hillebrand and Howard).

63 Administrative report.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 13th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 159-162, 1892.

Describes analysis showing sulphate of zinc in springs in Missouri, 

and mentions temperature wrork in deep wells at Wheeling and Crumps 

Bottom, West Virginia.

64 Report of work in the division of chemistry during the fiscal 

years 1891-92 and 1892-93.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 113, pp. 115, 1893.

Gives analyses of waters from Caledonia and American Carlsbad springs 

of Caledonia and Nashville, New York, and of a thermal spring near 

Ojo Caliente, New Mexico (pp. 113-114).

65 - Analyses of rocks from the laboratory of the United States 

Geological Survey, 1880-1903.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 228, pp. 375, 1904.

Among analyses are included travertines, tufas, and calcareous and 

silicious sinters from Yellowstone National Park, by J. E. Whitfield and 

F. A. Gooch (pp. 298-299, 322-323). Several of the analyses are published for the first time.

66 Clements (J. Morgan) and Smith (H. L.). Crystal Falls ironbearing district of Michigan.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 19-145, 1898. 

Notes the work of infiltrating waters in the deposition of ores of the 

Mansfield formation (p. 43) and Upper Huronian (p. 80).

67 Clements (J. Morgan). The Crystal Falls iron-bearing district of 

Michigan: The western part of the Crystal Falls district.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 36, pp. 11-322, 1899.

In the discussion of the ores of the Mansfield slate the drowning of 

the Mansfield mine by a caving of the roof, allowing the river to enter, is 

mentioned (pp. 65-66). The ores are regarded in part as replacement 

deposits, due to alteration by downward infiltrating waters (p. 76, etc.). 

The ores of the Upper Huronian are regarded as concentrations in a syn.- 

clinal trough (pp. 183-184).

TKR 120 05 2
18 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

68 Clements (J. Morgan), Leith (C. K.), Van Hise (0. R.) and. 

Iron-ore deposits of Lake Superior region. 

See Leith (C. K.) and Clements (J. Morgan) and Van Hise (C. R.).

69 The Vermilion iron-bearing district of Minnesota, with an 

atlas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 45, pp. 463, atlas, 1903.

The ores of the Soudan formation are ascribed to replacement of 

cherty carbonates in sedimentary rocks, including jaspellites, by downward percolating waters (pp. 227-234). Underground circulation and 

processes of replacement are considered (pp. 228-230). Explanations 

similar to those of the Soudan ores are applied to those of the Agawa 

formation (p. 329).

70 Collier (Arthur J.). A reconnaissance of the northwestern portion of Seward Peninsula, Alaska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 2, pp. 70, 1902.

Describes the boiling sulphur springs along Spring Creek in the Shishmaref region. They are surrounded by a mound of deposits 10 feet 

wide and 2 feet high (p. 56).

71 Cooper (W. F.). Lower Michigan. [Well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv.,Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 489- 

512, 1904.

Considers briefly the general underground water conditions (p. 489), 

and gives tables and notes on wells (pp. 490-506) and springs (pp. 507- 

512). The well data includes depth, head, source, temperature, yield, 

quality (with analyses), uses, and records; the spring data, temperature, 

quality (with analyses), yield, source, uses, and improvements.

72 Cowgill (Elias Branson). Irrigation practice on the Great Plains.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 5, pp. 39,1897. 

Among other methods the paper considers pumping for irrigation 

purposes (p. 14).

73 Crosby (William O.) and La Forge (Laurence). Massachusetts. 

[Well and spring records.]

II. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 94- 

111, 1904.

Considers briefly the general underground water conditions (pp. 94- 

95) and gives tables and notes relating to wells (pp. 96-102) and springs 

(pp. 102-111). The well data includes source, yield, quality, temperature, uses, records, and analyses; the spring data, temperature, quality, 

yield, source, uses, and analyses.

74 Crosby (William O.). Rhode Island. [Well and spring records.]

I". S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

119-125, 1904.

Gives well tables showing diameter, depth, source, temperature, yield, 

quality, uses, analyses, etc., and spring tables giving temperature, quality, yield, source, analyses, and uses,
FPLLEU.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 19

75 Cross (Whitman). Geology of the Rico Mountains, Colorado: 

Outline of the geology.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 17-36, 1900. Landslides, 

ibid., pp. 129-151.

Describes the occurrence of springs charged with H2 S, CO.,, and 

CaCO3 , which are perhaps remnants of solfataric action (p. 38). Describes the work of underground waters in assisting landslides.

76 Curtis (Joseph Story). Silver-lead deposits of Eureka, Nevada.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 7, pp. 200, 1884.

Gives a chapter 011 the water in mines, discussing its relation to fissures and types of rock (pp. 107-110). Notes the influence of water 

level on oxidation (p. 51). Mentions ore deposits of caves in Missouri 

and upper Mississippi Valley (pp. 65-66), and ascribes the chamber 

deposits of Eureka to ascending underground waters (pp. 71-74).

D.

77 Dall (William Healey), and Harris (Gilbert Dennison). Correlation papers. Neocene.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 84, pp. 349, 1892.

A number of wrell sections are given in connection with descriptions 

of rocks of New Jersey (pp. 41-44), Delaware (p. 46), and Florida (pp. 

103, 108-109). The natural wells of North Carolina (p. 72), and the 

circulation of water, including underground streams in Florida, is considered, and sinks and othe^r topographic features resulting from solution mentioned. Some of the Florida springs are described (pp. 88-95).

78 Darton (Nelson Horatio). Bibliography of North American geology for 1886.

U. 8. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 44, pp. 35, 1887.

Several water papers are listed under author's name, but are not 

indexed by subjects.

79 Record of North American Geology for 1887 to 1889, inclusive.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 75, pp. 173, 1891. 

Water papers listed in general only under authors.

80 Record of North American Geology for 1890. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 91, pp. 88, 1891. 

Water papers are not listed except under authors.

81 Record of North American Geology for 1891. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 99, pp. 73, 1892. 

Papers relating to water are listed only under authors' names.

82 Fredericksburg folio, Virginia-Maryland.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 13, pp. 6, 1894.

Describes the underground waters at the base of the Columbia and 

Lafayette formations and the artesian waters of the sandy horizons of 

the Potomac and Pamunkey. The areas of probable flowing waters are, 

defined (p. 6).

83 Administrative report.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 15th Ann. Kept., pp. 153-155, 1895. 

Describes work relating to artesian waters (p. 155).
20 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

84 Darton (Nelson Horatio.) Preliminary report on artesian waters 

of a portion of the Dakotas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Kept, pt. 2, pp. 603, 1896.

The paper gives an outline of the geologic conditions (pp. 610-612) 

and describes the various water horizons (pp. 612-614) and their extent 

(pp. 614-617), after which the descriptions of the wells and of the well 

prospects in the Dakotas are taken up by counties (pp. 617-665). The 

pressure and head (pp. 665-670), composition (pp. 676-679), origin (pp. 

679-680), and amount (pp. 680-681) of the waters, together with their 

use for irrigation (pp. 681-690) and power (pp. 690-691) are considered. 

The problems of construction and management are also treated. Numerous sections and other illustrations are given.

85 Catalogue and index to contributions to North American 

geology, 1732-1891.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 127, pp. 1045, 1896.

Artesian waters and springs are not indexed as such, but a few reference occur under geologic philosophy, miscellaneous, and under geologic 

philosoph}r, chemic geology.

86 Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 138, pp. 232, 1896.

Discusses the geologic structure and artesian conditions (pp. 18-22) 

and describes the water horizons, wells, structure, conditions, prospects, 

composition of waters, etc., for each of the States from New York to 

Georgia. Among the water-bearing formations considered are the 

Crystalline rocks, Potomac, Matawan, Middle Marl (Rancocas) Miocene, 

Pamunkey, Redbank, Chesapeake, Columbia, etc.

87 Nomini folio, Maryland-Virginia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 23, pp. 4, 1896.

Describes springs and shallow and artesian wells. Flowing water 

comes from the Chesapeake formation, but occurs only in the lowlands, 

pumping being resorted to in the uplands. The shallow waters are 

from the base of the Columbia or Lafayette. Gives a map showing the 

areas of flowing wells and the depths to the basal sands of the Chesapeake, and the sands within and at the base of the Pamunkey (p. 4).

88 Franklin folio, West Virginia-Virginia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 32, pp. 6, 1896. 

Notes the occurrence of sinks in the Shenandoah and caverns in the 

Lewistown limestone (pp. 2-3).

89 New developments in well boring and irrigation in eastern 

South Dakota, 1896.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Rept, pt. 4, pp. 561-615, 1897. 

Gives progress of well sinking by counties (pp. 568-590)-and shows 

view of lake supplied by artesian water (pi. 39). Area of known artesian water has been extended up the Missouri Valley above Pierre and 

probably to Bismarck, up the Big Cheyenne to the Black Hills, and up 

Moreau River and elsewhere. Many heavy pressures have been 

encountered (pp. 590-592). Other points considered or illustrated are 

depth to bed rock, use of wTell water for irrigation, temperature of well 

waters, chemical analyses of wells and springs, and volume (pp. 592-615).
PULLEB.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 21

90 Darton (Nelson Horatio). Preliminary report on the geology and 

water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and 

third meridian.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. 719-785, 1898.

Discusses topography and geology (pp. 727-760), underground waters 

(pp. 761-766), springs (pp. 766-768), and windmill irrigation from wells 

(p. 780). The following water horizons are considered: Alluvium, 

Pierre, Ogallala, Arikaree, Gering, Brule, Chadron, Laramie, and 

Dakota formations, and the Carboniferous limestones. Many illustrations and two underground water maps are given.

91 Underground waters of a portion of southeastern Nebraska. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 12, pp. 56,

1898.

Describes the topography (pp. 12-14) and the geology (pp. 14-24) of 

the region and considers the shallow water-bearing horizons (largely 

under 150 feet in depth) in fifteen counties (pp. 24-45). Of the deep 

borings, from 590 to 2,460 feet, only one appears to have reached the 

Dakota sandstone, and this was a failure. Although drilling through 

the Cretaceous would be expensive, Dakota water could probably be 

obtained at many points (pp. 47-48). The use of underground waters 

for irrigation is described for seven counties.

92 Monterey folio, Virginia-West Virginia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 61, pp. 7, 1899. 

Notes the occurrence of thermal springs, sinks, and caves in the 

Shenandoah limestone (p. 2).

93 Preliminary description of the geology and water resources 

of the southern half of the Black Hills and adjoining 

regions of South Dakota and Wyoming.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt, 4, pp. 489-599, 1900.

Discusses the topography and geology (pp. 498-562) and considers the 

waters of the Dakota-Lakota, Minnelusa, and Deadwood sandstones, 

including wells and springs (pp. 563-574).

94 Washington, folio, District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia. 

Underground water.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 70, pp. 7, 1901.

Describes the sources of water supplies, including the crystalline rocks, 

and the Potomac, Columbia, and other sedimentary beds. A map 

showing depths to the top and base of the Potomac formation is given.

95 Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States. Part 

1 (Alabama-Montana).

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 57, pp. 60, 

1902.

Consists of tables giving town, county, depth, diameter, yield, head, 

temperature, quality, etc., of wells over 400 feet alphabetically arranged 

by States from Alabama to Montana. References to published records 

are given.
22 BIBLIOGEAPHIC EEVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

v *

96 Darton (Nelson Horatio). Preliminary list of deep borings in the 

United States. Part 2 (Nebraska-Wyoming). 

U. S. Geol. Snrv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 61, pp. 67,1902. 

Contains well statistics alphabetically arranged by States from Nebraska 

to Wyoming.

97 Norfolk folio, Virginia-North Carolina.

U. S. Geol. Sun'., Geol. Atlas of I". S., folio no. 80, pp. 4, 1902.

Gives a number of shallow well sections in the text and columnar 

sections of the deep wells at Norfolk and Fort Monroe on the Well Section Sheet. Most of the well supplies are from the base of the Columbia, the deep wells reaching into the Potomac generally obtaining salt 

water. Several analyses are given. The results of the deep wells at 

Norfolk, Fort Monroe, Newport News, and Virginia Beach are discussed.

98 Oelrichs folio, South Dakota-Nebraska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 85, pp. 6, 1902.

Describes the thermal springs of the Minnekahta limestone (p. 3), and 

gives a map showing the outcrop of the Dakota sandstone, the areas of 

flowing and pump wells, the depth to the top of the Dakota sandstone, 

and the altitude to which the water will rise (pp. 5-6).

99 Preliminary report on the geology any water resources of 

Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 17, pp. 69, 1903. 

Revised edition of no. 90.

100 Camp Clarke folio, Nebraska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of II. S., folio no. 87, pp. 4, 1903.

Describes the character and volume of springs and notes the sinking 

into the ground of the waters (p. 1). The shallow waters of the river 

bottoms and the waters of the Arikaree and Ogallala formations are considered. On the table-land abundant and good water can be obtained 

at depths of from 200 to 300 feet. The Dakota sandstone is untested, 

but is probably within reach of the drill and will yield good and abundant flows (p. 6).

101 Scotts Bluff' folio, Nebraska.

II. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 88, pp. 5, 1903. 

Notes the occurrence of spring and seepage water in the valley of 

Pumpkin Creek (p. 1) and describes the underground waters of the 

alluvium, etc., along the North Platte (p. 5). The presence of shallow 

water on the uplands is uncertain, as is also the case in the Brule clay, 

because of its fissures and crevices. The Laramie is regarded as a possible source of water. The Dakota is untested, but could probably be 

reached at 2,000 feet or more and be likely to furnish good flows. The 

Arikaree formations furnishes water on the plateau at a depth of 200 feet 

and outcrops with springs in the canyons (p. 5).

102 Newcastle folio, Wyoming-South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 107, pp. 9, 1904.

Gives a number of well records (pp. 3-5, 8) and discusses at length 

the underground waters of the Dakota, Lakota, and Pahasapa horizons 

(pp. 8-9). An analysis of Dakota water is given (p. 8). The artesian 

water map shows the depths of the Dakota and Pahasapa standstones 

and the areas of flowing and pump wells. The finding of brines is 

recorded and an analysis given (p. 9).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 23

10-8 Darton (Nelson Horatio) and (Smith) W. S. Tangier. Edgemont 

folio, South Dakota-Nebraska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 108, pp. 10, 1904.

Describes the occurrence of sinks and caves in the Minnekahta limestone (p. 3) and of recent calcareous tufa deposits (p. 7). The occurrence of underground waters from the Dakota and Lakota sandstones, 

together with records and analyses, are discussed (p. 9) and a map 

showing the areas of flowing and pump wells and the depth and head 

of the water is given.

104 Darton (Nelson Horatio). Western hydrology.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 

117-120, 1904.

Tells of the formation and scope of the western section, division of 

hydrology, and describes the work in Arizona, California, Colorado, 

Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, 

South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. The work of the 

following men is considered: W. T. Lee, W. C. Mendenhall, C. E. 

Siebenthal, G. E. Condra, E. H. Barbour, C. R. Keyes, C. N. Gould, 

D. E. Willard, C. M. Hall, F. A. Wilder, I. C. Russell, ,T. E. Todd, 

G. B. Richardson, Henry Landes, C. A. Fisher, and C. C. O'Harra.

105 Davis (Arthur Powell). Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1896. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 4, pp. 1-418, 1897. 

Notes the decrease in flow of wells and springs in Georgia (p. 71) and 

describes the limestone springs along the Etowah River, Georgia (p. 

109). Seepage into lava from Malad River, Idaho (p. 337), and the 

springs and underflow along Little Fountain Creek, California (p. 231), 

are also considered.

106 Irrigation near Phoenix, Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 2, p. 98, 

1897.

Discusses underground waters briefly (pp. 86-92), naming Phoenix 

and Mesa as examples of localities having large flows due in part to 

additions received by the underground supplies through seepage from 

irrigated tracts. Gives a list of wells of Final and Maricopa counties, 

together with statistics; considers the amount of underflow to be overestimated, the effect of evaporation underestimated; discusses the cost 

of pumping.

107 Investigations in Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 

128-130, 1904. 

Irrigation of 50,000 acres by wells is expected (p. 128).

108 Day (David T.). Bromine.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1883-84, pp. 851-853, 1885. 

Notes the brines of the wells of West Virginia and Ohio as sources of 

bromine.

109 Iodine.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1883-84, pp. 854-858, 1885. 

Like bromine, iodine is devived from the waters of salt wells.
24 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

110 Day (David T.). Sulphur.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Kes., 1883-84, pp. 864-876, 1885. 

Notes the derivation of sulphur from hot spring deposits in Nevada 

and from solfataras in Utah (pp. 865-866).

111 Bromine.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1885, pp. 486-487, 1886.

Notes the extraction of bromine from the brines of the salt wells.

112 [ ] Salt.

IT. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1885, pp. 474-485, 1886. 

Discusses the brines from wells or springs of Michigan, New York, 

California, Nevada, and Idaho.

113 Administrative report [1886-87].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 195-201, 1889. 

Reports 8,950,317 gallons of mineral water, with a value of $1,284,070, 

sold during 1886. This is a slight increase over the previous year.

114 Administrative report [1887-88].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 9th Ann. Kept., pp. 134-140, 1889. 

The production of mineral waters for 1887 is stated as 8,259,609 gallons, with a value of $1,261,473.

115 Administrative report [1888-89].

U, S. Geol. Surv., 10th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 182-188, 1890. 

The product of mineral waters for 1888 is given as 9,628,568 gallons, 

valued at $1,709,302, an increase in both amount and value.

116 Administrative report [1890-91].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 12th Ann. Rept, pt. 1, pp. 129-134, 1891. 

Gives the production of mineral waters for 1890 as 14,000,000 gallons, 

valued at $2,000,000.

117 [ ] Salt [1891].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S. 1891, pp. 572-578, 1893. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1891.

118 [ ] Bromine [1891].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S. 1891, p. 579, 1893.

Gives production of bromine as a by-product of brines, etc., for 1891.

119 Administrative report [1893-94].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 15th Ann. Rept., pp. 203-209, 1895. 

Gives the production of mineral waters for 1893 as 23,544,495 gallons, 

with a value of $4,246,734 (p. 209).

120 Day (William C.).. Potassium salts.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1887, pp. 628-650, 1888. 

These salts are obtained in part from the brine of wells and springs. 

Analyses are given.

121 Diller (Joseph Silas). Lassen Peak folio, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 15, p. 4, 1895. 

Mentions or describes a number of solfataras, hot springs, mud pools, 

geysers, and sulphur deposits (p. 2).
FULLER.] EELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 25

122 Diller (Joseph Silas). Stalactites. The educational series of rock 

specimens collected and distributed by the United States 

Geological Survey.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 150, pp. 98-99, 1898. 

Explains origin through action of underground waters.

123 Dodwell (Arthur) and Rixon (Theodore F). Forest conditions 

in the Cascade Forest Reserve, Oregon: Cascade Range 

Forest Reserve between townships 18 and 29 south.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 9, pp. 147-227, 1903.

Describes underground channel through which fish pass from 

Deschutes River to Odell and Davis lakes (p. 148).

124 Leiberg (John B.), Rixon (Theodore), and. Detailed 

descriptions [of timber of townships]. Forest conditions 

in the San Francisco Mountains forest reserve, Arizona.

U. S: Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 22, pp. 35-91, 1904.

See Leiberg (John B.), Rixon (Theodore), and Dodwell (Arthur).

125 Drake (Noah Field), Lindgren (Waldemar), and. Nampa folio, 

Idaho-Oregon.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 103, pp. 5,1904. 

See Lindgren (Waldemar) and Drake (N. F.).

126 Silver City folio, Idaho.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 105, pp. 6, 1904. 

See Lindgren (Waldemar) and Drake (N. F.).

12T Button (Clarence E.). The physical geography of the Grand 

Canyon district.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Kept., pp. 47-166, 1882.

Notes several springs available for camp supplies in the Kaibab and 

other parts of the plateau district, and mentions the occurrence of sinking streams (pp. 122,134).

128 Tertiary history of the Grand Canyon district, with atlas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 2, 264 pp., atlas, 1882.

Springs in canyons are mentioned or described on pages 130,135,158, 

159, and 168; on the Kaibab on pages 129,139,157,166,171,172, on the 

Uinkaret, page 82. Springs are also treated on pages 158,159/168, and 234. 

Sinking streams are considered on pages 129 and 138, and subterranean 

drainage on page 138.

129 Administrative report. [1886-87.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 156-165, 1889. 

Mentions two immense springs giving rise to Metolias River, on east

flank of cascades, which is 70 to 80 feet wide and too deep to ford. Other

large springs are noted.
26 BIBLIOGEAPHIC EEVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

130 Button (Clarence E.). The earthquake at Charleston of August 

31, 1886.

IT. S. Geol. Surv., 9th Ann. Kept., pp. 203-328, 1889.

Notes the forcing up of fresh water and mud, the formation of mud 

craterlets, sink holes, etc. (pp. 224, 241, 246, 280-281, 283, 296, 297, 298, 

302, 322). - Mention is made of the failure of artesian wells at Ten Mile 

Hill, Georgia (p. 284), and of rise of water in certain wells in Alabama 

(p. 411). The supposed effect on Iowa wells is discredited (p. 443).

E.

131 Eckel (Edwin C.). Salt and gypsum deposits of southwestern 

Virginia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 406-416, 1903.

Describes salt wells (pp. 407, 408, 413) and gives records (pp. 408-409). 

Analyses of brines from Virginia, New York, Ontario, Michigan, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, England, and France are also given (p. 414).

132 Hayes (C. Willard) and. Iron ores of the Cartersville 

district, Georgia. 

See Hayes (C. W.) and Eckel (E. C.).

133 Hayes (C. W.) and. Occurrence and development of ochei 

deposits in the Cartersville district, Georgia.

See Hayes (C. W.) and Eckel (E. C.).

134 Eckel (Edwin C.). The salt industry in Utah and California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 488-495, 1904.

Notes the derivation of salt from springs in California (p. 494).

135 Johnson (Lawrence C.) and, Mississippi. [Well records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

332-357, 1904. 

See Johnson (Lawrence C.) and Eckel (Edwin C.).

136 Eldridge (George Homans). A geological reconnoissance in 

northwest Wyoming.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 119, pp. 72, 1894.

The paper describes the Stinking Water, Big Horn, and Fort Washakie Sulphur Springs. All are hot or warm, have copious flows, and are 

surrounded by mineral deposits, the first by a geyser cone. The waters 

are considered to possess valuable medicinal properties. The Big Horn 

and Fort Washakie springs occur at the crest of anticlines.

137 Anthracite-Crested Butte folio. Description of the sedimentary formations.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 9, pp. 6-10, 1894. 

Describes hot springs and calcareous tufa mounds along Ament Creek 

(p. 9).
FDLLEE.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 27

138 Eldridge (George Homans). Geology of the Denver Basin in 

Colorado: Economic geology, artesian wells.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 27, pp. 401-465, 1896.

The chapter includes a history of the development of the basin, and 

discussions of the artesian conditions, water horizons, source of water, 

absorption, transmission, capacity, and yield of water horizons, and life 

of wells. Chemical analyses, sections, and descriptions of wells are 

given, together with statistics of location, date, casing, water horizon, 

depth, discharge in 1886 and 1890, cost, etc., for 357 wells.

139 Emerson (Benjamin Kendall). Geology of old Hampshire 

County, Massachusetts, comprising Franklin, Hampshire, 

and Hampden counties.

V. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 29, pp. 790, 1898.

Gives a number of deep-well records in Triassic rocks (pp. 380-389), 

but little information relating to water. Springs are described and 

analyses given (pp. 751-752).

140 The geology of eastern Berkshire County, Massachusetts.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 159, pp. 139, 1899.

Describes the wells on the Dalton fault, giving record, map, and 

analysis. The water comes from solution passages in the limestone 

along the fault (pp. 90-92).

141 Emmons (Samuel Franklin). Geology and mining industry of 

Leadville, Colorado, with atlas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 12, pp. 770, atlas, 1886.

Among the topics relating to underground waters, the following may 

be noted: Caves in limestone (p. 394), warm springs (p. 169), and water 

level in mines (p. 378). Ores are regarded as having been deposited by 

descending aqueous solutions following natural water channels including bedding planes, joints, and cleavage (p. 378). The thermal spring 

origin of fissure veins is also mentioned on page 576.

142 Anthracite-Crested Butte folio. Description of the Elk 

Mountains.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 9, pp. 1-2, 1894.

Mentions the travertine and tufa deposits of hot springs and describes 

the formation of bog ore by the leaching of sulphurets by thermal 

waters (p. 2).

143 Introduction. Economic geology of the Mercur mining 

district, Utah. By J. Edward Spurr.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 16 Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 349-369, 1896.

Considers the part of hot underground waters in ore deposition

(pp. 367-369).

144 Mines of Custer County, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Kept., pt. ii, pp. 465-472, 1896.

Ascribes ores of Bull Domingo and Geyser mines to aqueous deposition 

(pp. 445-447,458-464). The latter mine is characterized by strong flows 

of water charged with carbonates, sulphates, nitrates, etc., of the alkalies, alkaline earths, and metals. Analyses of the water and of the 

tufaceous deposits formed by it on its emergence are given.
28 BIBLIOGEAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPEES [NO. 120.

145 Emmons (Samuel Franklin) and Tower (George Warren). Butte 

Special folio, Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 39, pp. 8, 1897.

Notes the action of thermal waters on andesites (p. 6) and describes 

the superficial and deep-seated springs of the area. The former are 

generally located at the base of prominences of porous igneous rocks, 

and are numerous and copious in flow. The latter are both cold and 

warm, and are generally more or less mineralized, some being used for 

medicinal purposes. Alkaline carbonates, carbon dioxide, and sulphuretted hydrogen are common constituents. Some mineral deposits 

occur (p. 8).

146 Emmons (Samuel Franklin). Tintic Special folio, Utah. General conclusions.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 65, pp. 7-8, 1900. 

Discusses the significance of the ground-water level and describes 

certain cave deposits.

147 Homestake mines.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof."Paper no. 26, pp. 55-80, 1904. 

Notes relation of underground waters to ore deposition.

F.

148 Fairbanks (H. A.). San Luis folio, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 101, pp. 14, 1904. 

Describes a number of strong iron and other springs, some of which 

are used for bathing (pp. 14).

149 Fellows (A. L.). Water resources of the State of Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 74, pp. 151, 

1902.

Notes the absorption of rainfall by different varieties of rocks (p. 17) 

and describes seepage of the South Platte (pp. 65-66), Arkansas River 

(p. 100), and the Rio Grande (pp. 109-110).

150 Fenneman (N. M.). The Boulder, Colorado, oil field.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 322-332, 1903.

Discusses the occurrence of fresh and salt water in oil wells, some of 

which are cased to over 2,000 feet. The lower waters are thermal and 

rise with some force.

151 Field (John E.). Diversion of North Platte River [WyomingNebraska].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Rept. Reclamation Service, 1902-3, pp. 

499-507, 1904.

Notes occurrence of hot springs, and describes honeycombing of rock 

by their agency at Alcova, Wyo. (p. 506).

152 Flynn (Benjamin H.), and Flynn (Margaret S.). The natural 

features and economic development of the Sandusky, Maumee, Muskingurn, and Miami drainage areas in Ohio.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 91, pp. 130, 

1904.

Discusses public water supplies, including those from springs, galleries 

and from shallow and deep-seated wells, both flowing and nonflowing 

(pp. 58-124).
FFLLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 29

153 Foerste (Aug. F.). Geology of the Carboniferous strata of the 

southwestern portion of the Narragansett basin, with an 

account of the Cambrian deposits.

IT. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 33, pp. 214-393, 1899. 

Gives record of deep boring in Rhode Island (p. 322).

154 Fontaine (William Morris). The Potomac formation in Virginia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 145, pp. 149, 1896.

Gives an artesian-well section at Fort Monroe (p. 44) and describes an 

alum spring near Fredericksburg (p. 68).

155 Fortier (Samuel). Seepage water of northern Utah.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 7, pp. 50, 

1897.

Defines seepage waters (p. 11) and considers their importance (pp. 

11-13) and origin (p. 13). A considerable number of measurements 

showing quantity of seepage water in Cache Valley (pp. 27-44) and in 

Ogden Valley (pp. 44-47) are given. In the lower portion of the latter 

more water is returned by seepage than taken out for irrigation during 

certain months.

156 Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 43, pp. 86, 

1901. 

Notes the effect of irrigation in raising the groundwater level (p. 16).

157 [Fuller (Myron L.)J, Campbell (Marius R.) [and]. MasontownUniontown folio, Pennsylvania natural gas; Petroleum.

See Campbell (Marius R.) and [Fuller (Myron L.)].

158 Fuller (Myron L.). Ditney folio, Indiana: General and Pleistocene geology.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 83, pp. 1-7, 1902. 

Gives diamond drill section near Glezen post-office (p. 2) and a number of scattered drift well sections (p. 3).

159 Ditney folio, Indiana. Mineral waters: Water supply.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 84, p. 8,1-902.

Describes the character and composition of the mineral springs at 

the Degonia and Ash Iron Spring resorts, and mentions the occurrence 

and deposits of Chalybeate Springs. The amount and character of the 

water supply from drift and rocks is also discussed.

160 Gaines folio, Pennsylvania. General geology.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of F. S., folio no. 92, pp. 9, 1903.

Gives deep well record at Gaines (p. 2) and describes a 2,880-barrel 

water well from a depth of 100 feet in the Chemung rocks at Harrison 

Valley. The water is mineralized and is regarded of medicinal value

(p. 9).

161 Natural gas [Brownsville-Connellsville folio].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 94, pp. 17-18,1903, 

Gives detailed records of several deep wells.
30 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

162 Fuller (Myron L.) and Clapp (Frederick G.). Patoka folio, 

Indiana-Illinois.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 105,12 pp., 1904.

Gives a number of well records (p. 3) and discusses the occurrence of 

ground water, including that of springs and wells, in considerable 

detail (pp. 11-12). The occurrence of calcareous tufa is described 

(p.14).

163 Fuller (Myron L.). Hyner gas pool, Clinton County, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 392-395,1904.

Gives record of 1,965-foot well and notes occurrence of fresh and salt 

waters at various horizons.

16i Water supply from wells in southern Louisiana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 101, pp. 

74-81, 1904.

Discusses the use of well water for domestic, town, railroad, and manufacturing supplies, giving a list of towns supplied from wells and a 

table of analyses. The subject of contamination is also discussed.

165 - Rice irrigation in southern Louisiana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 101, pp. 

82-94, 1904.

Deals mainly with irrigation by water obtained from wells, giving 

tables showing number of farms and acres irrigated by such waters in 

1902 (pp. 82-91). A map showing wells and canals is included.

166 Introduction: Contributions to the hydrology of Eastern 

United States, 1903.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

9-13, 1904.

States object of progress reports, gives list of publications of the Sur- 

 vey and a bibliography of principal Survey publications relating to underground waters.

167 Organization of the division of hydrology and work of the 

eastern section.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

15-20, 1904.

Gives an account of early Survey work on underground waters, of the 

organization and scope of the division of hydrology, and a description 

of the work by States as follows: Maine, W. S. Bayley, G. O. Smith, 

W. C. Washburn, and L. G. Lord; New Hampshire, J. M Boutwell; 

Vermont, G. H. Perkins; Massachusetts and Rhode Island, W. 0. 

Crosby; Connecticut, H. E. Gregory; New York, A. C. Veatch, Arthur 

Hollick, M. L. Fuller, C. S. Slichter, W. O. Crosby, and F. B. Weeks; 

New Jersey, G. N. Knapp; Georgia, S. W. McCallie; Florida, M. L. 

Fuller; Minnesota, C. W. Hall; Wisconsin, A. R. Shultz; Michigan, 

W. F. Cooper; Iowa, W. H. Norton; Missouri, E. M. Shepard; Arkansas, A. C. Veatch and A. H. Purdue; Louisiana, A. C. Veatch and G. D. 

Harris; Kentucky and Tennessee, L. C. Glenn; Alabama and Mississippi, E. A. Smith, L, C. Johnson, J, A. Anderson, R. S, Hodges, and 

B. F. Lovelace.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 31

168 Fuller (Myron L.). Introduction. Notes on the wells, springs 

and general water resources of certain Eastern and Central 

States.

U. S. Geol. Surv., AVater Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

21-26, 1904.

Discusses the methods of work, including the collection, preparation, 

and presentation of data, the economic value of general water resources, 

well and spring records, analyses, etc., and gives an explanation of the 

tables of the report.

169 Florida. [Well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

238-274, 1904.

Discusses the general underground water conditions (pp. 238-239) 

and gives tables and notes relating to wells (pp. 240-264) and springs 

(pp. 265-274). The well data include altitude, depth, source, head, 

temperature, quality (including analyses), records, and uses; the spring 

data, temperature, quality (including analyses), source, uses, improvements, etc.

G-.

170 G-ilbert (Grove Karl). Lake Bonnevillc.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon. vol. 1, 438 pp., 1890.

Mentions springs in Death Valley, California (p. 8), and elsewhere 

(p. 102), Ice spring, Utah (p. 325), hot springs of Fumerole Butte, 

Utah (p. 333), of Salt Lake City (p. 349), and of Bonneville village, 

Utah (p. 350), the last two being on faults, are also considered. Other 

hot springs are noted.

171 Administrative report [1890-91].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 12th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 52-65, 1891. 

Discusses underground temperatures as based on observations in the 

4,471-foot well at Wheeling, West Virginia.

172 Administrative report [1891-92].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 13th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 83-98, 1892. 

Notes work of A. C. Peale on mineral waters (p. 88) and of William 

Hallock on temperatures of Wheeling deep well (p. 96\

173 Administrative report.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 15th Ann. Kept., pp. 144-148, 1895. 

Gives an account of studies on the artesian conditions and of the conlouring of the Dakota sandstone in southern Colorado, etc. (pp. 145-146).

174 The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern 

Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 551-601, 1896.

Describes the geology of the region (pp. 560-580) and considers the 

derivation of underground waters (pp. 557-558) and general artesian 

conditions (p. 581). The character, catchment area, capacity, distribution, quality, analyses, and prospects of the Dakota sandstone or its 

waters are treated at length (pp. 582-595), while the ground water in 

gravels, in upland and dune sands, and in the terraces is discussed (pp. 

595-598). The considerable underflow of the Arkansas and other 

streams is pointed out (pp. 599-601).
32 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

175 G-ilbert (Grove Karl). Pueblo folio, Colorado.

U. 8. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. P., folio no. 36, pp. 7, 1897.

Notes the loss of water through absorption by the beds of the Arkansas and St. Charles rivers (p. 1) and discusses the various water horizons in the Dakota sandstone, including their depth and head. A map 

showing the areas of flowing and nonflowing wells and the depths of 

the water horizons is given.

176 G-lenn (L. C.). Tennessee. [Well records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

358-367, 1904.

Gives a general statement of underground water conditions (pp. 358- 

359) and presents tables and notes relating to wells (pp. 360-365). 

These include data bearing on depth, head, source, yield, quality, 

records, and uses.

177 Kentucky. [Well records.]

TT. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

369-373, 1904.

Considers briefly the general underground water conditions and gives 

tables and notes relating to wells. These include statistics on depth, 

head, yield, quality (including analysis), records, and uses.

178 G-ooch (Frank Austin) and Whitfield (James Edward). Analyses 

of waters of the Yellowstone National Park with an account 

of the methods of analyses employed.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 47, pp. 84/1888.

Gives the temperatures, specific gravities, and analyses of 43 waters 

including those from geysers, hot springs, cold springs, mud springs, 

etc. Among the rare compounds or elements of waters which were 

found are B2 03) As.2 03 , Br, Mn, Cs, and Eh. N2 05 , Ti02 , I, Fl, Ba, and 

Sr were tested for but not found.

179 G-oodell (Edwin B.). A review of the laws forbidding pollution 

of inland waters in the United States.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 103, pp. 120, 

1904.

Gives an abstract of laAvs relating to pollution of surface streams. 

Springs are specifically included with the streams in nearly all States 

and wells are included in many instances. Several States have special 

laws relating to springs.

180 G-owsell (M. G.), Plummer (Fred G.) and. Forest conditions in 

the Lincoln Forest Reserve, New Mexico.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 33, pp. 47. 1904. 

See Plummer (Fred G.) and Gowsell (M. G.). ,

181 G-rant (C. L.). Additional well records in Connecticut.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

160-165, 1904.

Gives tables showing depth and yield of wells at a considerable number of scattered localities.

182 G-raves (Henry S.). Black Hills Forest Reserve.

U. S. Geol., Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt. 5, pp. 67-164, 1898. 

Mentions underground,-stream channels in Bear Lodge Range (p. 163),
FULLEE.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 33

183 Gregory (Herbert E). Connecticut. [Well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

127-159, 1904.

Considers briefly the general underground water conditions (p. 127), 

and gives tables and notes relating to wells (pp. 128-149) and springs 

(pp. 149-159). The well data include source, temperature, yield, quality 

(including analyses), and uses; the spring data, temperature, yield, 

source, use, improvements, and quality (including analyses).

184 Grimsley (G. P.). Gypsum deposits in Kansas. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 223, pp. 53-59, 1904.

Notes springs associated with gypsite (p. 57) and mentions the action 

of underground waters in the formation of gypsum (p. 58).

185 Griswold (W. T.). The Berea Grit Oil Sand in the Cadiz quadrangle. Ohio.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 198, pp. 43, 1902.

Discusses the relation of water to the accumulation of oil and gas, and 

gives a map and tables of the wells.

186 Structural work during 1901 and 1902 in the Eastern Ohio 

oil fields.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 336-344, 1903. 

Discusses the relation of water to the occurrence of oil and gas (p. 337).

187 Grunsky (Carl Ewald). Irrigation near Bakersfield, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, no. 17, pp. 

96, 1898.

Notes use of ground water for irrigation at Florin (p. 14), and reports 

successful pumping and the beginning of artesian development? in the 

San Joaquin Valley (p. 94). Irrigation by causing a general rise of the 

ground water into the subsoil is described (pp. 33-34).

188 Irrigation near Fresno, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper, No. 18, pp. 94, 

1898.

Discusses seepage (pp. 74-78) and describes irrigation by raising 

ground-water level to subsoil (p. 90). The effect of irrigation on groundwater level (p. 79) and the ground-water conditions near the Fresno 

Canal (p. 75) and along Kings River (pp. 86-87) are also considered.

H.

189 Hague (Arnold). Administrative report [1883-84].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 5th Ann. Kept., pp. 15-19, 1885.

Gives a brief summary of the work of W. H. Weed, A. C. Peale, and 

Wm. Hallock on the character, deposits, and causes of the hot springs 

and geysers of the Yellowstone National Park, and mentions the work 

of F. A. Gooch on the chemistry of the waters and their deposits.

190 Administrative report [1884-85].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 6th Ann. Kept, pp. 54-59, 1885. 

Notes the chemical work of F. A. Gooch on methods and problems 

relating to the thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park, and mentions work of William Hallock on the physics of geyser action. Calls 

attention to changes in temperature of springs and to new vents. 

IKK 120 05 3
34 BIBLIOGKAPHIC KEVIEAV OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

191 Hague (Arnold). Administrative report [1885-86]. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 7th Ann. Eept., pp. 87-91, 1888. 

Gives list of basins and springs of the Yellowetone National Park from 

which waters have been analyzed by F. A. Gooch and .1. E. Whitfield.

192 Administrative report [1886-87].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Eept. pt. 1, pp. 149-153, 1889.

Mentions the work of W. H. Weed on geyser action in the Yellowstone National Park and states there is no diminution in the intensity 

of geyser action or other noticeable changes in the geyser region. Mentions the work of Gooch and Whitfield on the chemistry of the waters 

and notes the occurrence of arsenic in the waters. This may give to 

the waters an important medicinal value. The occurrence of scorodite 

in the siliceous sinter cones is mentioned.

193 Administrative report [1887-88].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 9th Ann. Eept, (pp. 91-96), 1889.

Describes the state of activity of the geysers of the Yellowstone 

National Park and mentions the outbreaks of the Excelsior after a dormant period of six years. Notes the work of W. H. Weed on the study 

of algeous growths in springs and describes the occurrence of scorodite, 

the hydrous arsenate of iron.

194 Administrative report [1888-89].

1T . S. Geol. Surv., 10th Ann. Eept., pt. 1, pp. 132-137, 1890.

States that there has been no marked change in geyser action. Describes the work of W. H. Weed in exploring old and new geyser basins 

and mentions the discovery of arsenic in their waters. The publications 

of F. A. Gooch, J. E. Whitfield, and AV. H. AVeed relating to the waters 

and deposits of hot springs are noted and attention called to the method 

of inciting geyser action by "soaping."

195 Administrative report [1889-90].

U. S. Geol. Surv., llth Ann Eept., pt. 1, pp. 83-87, 1891. 

Notes works of AV. H. AA^eed on the question of changes of activity of 

geysers and springs in the Yellowstone National Park.

196. Administrative report [1890-91].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 12th Ann. Eept., pt. 1, pp. 92-96, 1891. 

Describes the work of W. H. AVeed on geysers and hot springs.

197 Geology of the Eureka District, Nevada, with an atlas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 20, pp. 419, 1892.

Notes occurrence of enlarged fissures and caves antedating ore deposition (p. 308) and assigns ore deposition to ascending solfataric currents (p. 294).

198 Administrative report [1892-93].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 14th Ann. Eept., pt. 1, pp. 188-191, 1893. 

Describes exhibit of hot-spring deposits at World's Fair at Chicago in 

1893 (p. 191).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 35

199 Hague (Arnold). Yellowstone National Park folio, General 

Description.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 30, pp. 1-4, 1896.

Describes the geysers, hot springs, and solfataras, and discusses the 

antiquity of some of the deposits. Glacial bowlders are found imbedded 

in travertine. The action of acid thermal waters in the decomposition 

of rocks and their intimate relation to rhyolite are 'considered. The 

spring and geyser waters are of three classes (1) calcareous, forming travertine; (2) siliceous, frequently acid, and carrying alum and iron, and 

(3) siliceous alkaline, forming geyser cones. The occurrence of iron, 

manganese, and arsenic in the waters and of realgar, orpiment, and scorodite in the deposits is noted. There are 4,000 thermal springs and 100 

geysers in the park.

200 [and Weed (W. H.)]. Descriptive geology of Huckleberry 

Mountain and Big Game Ridge: Snake River Hot Springs.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 32, pt. 2, pp. 177-178, 1899.

These are large calcareous thermal springs, associated with travertine 

deposits resembling those of Mammoth Hot Springs of Yellowstoue 

National Park and occurring on the banks of Snake River. Their relation to rhyolite and to limestone is considered.

201 Hague (Arnold). Absaroka folio, Wyoming.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 52, pp. 6, 1899.

Describes the hot sulphur springs of Stinking Water River (p. 1) and 

mentions the occurrence of active and extinct thermal springs on west 

slopes of Saddle Mountain, just inside the limits of the Yellowstone 

National Park on the west. The occurrence of a solfataric area with 

whitened and decomposed rocks with sulphur deposits is also noted 

(p. 6).

202 Hall (Benjamin M.). Measurement of springs in Georgia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

236-237, 1904.

Describes and gives results of measurements of flow of a number of 

large springs in Georgia.

203 Measurement of springs in Florida.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

274-275, 1904.

Gives description and statistics of flow for several of the larger springs 

in Florida.

204 - Water powers of Alabama, with an appendix on stream 

measurements in Mississippi.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 107, 253 pp., 

1904.

Gives measurements of springs in Cahaba (p. 129) and Tennessee 

(p. 207) valleys.
36 BIBLIOGEAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 1^0.

205 HaU (C. M.), Todd (James E.) and. Alexandria folio, South 

Dakota.

IT. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 100, pp. 6, 1903. 

See Todd (J. E.) and Hall (C. M.).

206 Geology and water resources of part of the lower James 

River valley, South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 90, 47 pp., 

1904. 

See Todd (James E.) and Hall (C. M.).

207 Hall (Christopher W.). Minnesota. [Well and spring records.] 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

441-488, 1904.

Discusses the general underground water conditions (pp. 441-443) and 

gives tables or notes of shallow wells (pp. 444-469), deep wells (pp. 

470-480), and springs (pp. 481-488). The shallow-well data include 

range of depth of village wells, source, and yield; the deep-well data, 

depth, source, head, yield, quality, and uses; and the spring data, temperature, quality (including analyses), yield, source, uses, etc.

208 Hamlin (Homer). Water resources of the Salinas Valley, v^alifornia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 89, 91 pp., 

1904.

Discusses underground waters under economic geology (pp. 21-23). 

Wells of stream deposits (p. 16); well statistics, including uses for irrigation, etc. (pp. 21-31); well records (pp. 31-32); and pumping from 

wells (pp. 82, 87) are other subjects considered.

209 Harris (Gilbert Dennison), Dall (William Healey) and. Correlation papers. Neocene. 

See Dall (William Healey) and Harris (Gilbert Dennison).

210 Harris (Gilbert Dennison). Underground waters of southern 

Louisiana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 101, pp. 

11-73, 1904.

The paper includes discussions of the origin of underground waters 

(pp. 12-14); stratigraphy of southern Louisiana, including Oligocene, 

Miocene, and Quaternary horizons (pp. 17-26); well statistics and 

records (pp. 30-61); variation in flow and head (pp. 61-67); jetting and 

rotary processes of Avell drilling (pp. 68-71); analyses of well waters 

(pp. 44,47-48); blowing wells (pp. 60-61); and pumping and use of 

screens (pp. 71-73). A brief account of certain Mississippi wells is 

included (pp. 30-33).

211 Hawkins (R.). Water supply of Livingston County [Missouri].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

410-416, 1904.

Discusses the underground water conditions and gives detailed well 

records, etc.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 37

212 Haworth (Erasmus). Underground waters of southwestern 

Kansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 6, pp. 65, 

1897.

This paper discusses the original sources (p. 11), available amounts 

(p. 14), and geological conditions of ground water in general (p. 15), 

and describes the types and methods of locating ground waters (p. 18). 

The descriptions of the geography and geology of the area (pp. 19-37) 

are followed by a consideration of the source, occurrence, properties, 

flow, etc., of the waters of the Dakota sandstone (pp. 38-43), and of the 

Tertiary formations (pp. 43-57). The numerous and relatively shallow 

wells frequently used for irrigation and the springs of Meade County 

are considered (pp. 48-56). The writer concludes that there is an 

abundant supply both hi the Arkansas Valley and on the uplands, but 

better means of raising it to the surface are needed,(p. 62).

213 Hay (Robert). A geological reconnaissance in southwestern 

Kansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 57, pp. 49, 1890.

Notes occurrence of sulphate of lime in waters of Medicine River 

Valley, and describes the occurrence of water in the Dakota sandstone 

and in the Tertiary grits. Deep salt wells and borings (pp. 25-26) and 

artesian wells (pp. 13, 30, 48) are mentioned. The absorption of Bear 

Creek by its gravels is described.

214 Water resources of a portion of the Great Plains.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 16th Ann. Rept., pt. 2, pp. 535-588, 1896.

Describes and gives lists of springs of various water levels (pp. 545- 

547). Other topics considered are sources, catchment, etc., of the waters 

(pp. 550-557), volume (pp. 557-565), artesian flow (pp. 565-567), blowing wells (pp. 567-568), temperature (p. 568), geology and. topography 

(pp. 569-579), water horizons of the Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Pleistocene formations (p. 580), and utilization of ground waters (pp. 585-586). 

Considerable supplies are obtainable, but not enough for all needs of 

irrigation and other purposes (pp. 586-588).

215 Geology of the Fort Riley Military Reservation and vicinity, 

Kansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 137, pp. 35, 1896.

In addition to the topography, geology, paleontology, etc., a number 

of copious springs, some used for water power, the flows of mineral 

waters in the wells of Geary County, and the value of the Carboniferous 

rocks, Tertiary gravels, and alluvium as sources of supplies are discussed 

(pp. 32-33). The occurrence of sinks is mentioned (pp. 15, 16, 26, 

and 27).

216 Hayden (F. V.). Administrative report [1884-85]. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 6th Ann. Rept., pp. 48-53, 1885. 

Notes progress of A. C. Peale on the bibliography of mineral waters 

and the preparation of a statistical paper (p. 53).

217 Administrative report [1885-86J.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 7th Ann. Rept., pp. 85-87, 1888.

Mentions progress of work on mineral springs, and notes preparation 

of a second statistical paper and work on the bibliography of mineral 

waters bv A. C. Peale.
38 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

218 Hayes (C. Willard). Ring-gold folio, Georgia-Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 2, pp. 3, 1894. 

Ascribes the segregation of hematite, limonite, and manganese ores to 

the action of percolating underground waters (pp. 2-3).

219 Kingston folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 4, pp. 4, 1894.

Notes the disappearance of streams into underground channels or 

caves, and discusses the formation of "coves" or amphitheaters by the 

solution of limestone by underground waters (p. 1).

220 Chattanooga folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 6, pp. 3, 1894. 

Disposition of limonite is referred to segregation in pockets or near the 

surface by percolating waters (p. 3).

221 Cleveland folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 20, pp. 4, 1895. 

Refers the disposition of limonite ores to segregation by percolating 

waters (p. 4).

222 Pikeville folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 21, pp. 4, 1895. 

Notes the occurrence of subterranean channels in region of Crab 

Orchard Mountains (p. 1).

223 The Arkansas beauxite deposits.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 435-472, 1901.

Provisionally ascribes origin of deposits to waters penetrating to 

heated syenite, dissolving parts of it, and returning to the surface as 

springs depositing beauxite (pp. 461-466).

224 Tennessee white phosphates.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 473-485, 1901. 

Ascribes origin of ores to deposition from solution by underground 

waters in limestone cavities (p. 479).

225 Rome folio. Georgia-Alabama.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas U. S., folio no. 78, p. 6, 1902.

Assigns the derivation of the limonite ores to the action of underground waters upon the Beaver limestone along its contact with the 

Weisner quartzite, and also along the contact of the Bangor limestone 

with the Oxmoor sandstone. Some iron has also been deposited by 

thermal springs along faults. In the formation of beauxite the surface 

waters penetrated downward to the Conasauga shale and, after dissolving 

out aluminum sulphate, passed upward along faults and deposited pisolitic grains of beauxite in springs (p. 6).

226 and Kennedy (William). Oil fields of the Texas-Louisiana 

Gulf Coastal Plain.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 212, p. 174, 1903.

In addition to the discussion of oil wells, mention or description is 

made of a considerable number of artesian (pp. 18, 33, 87, 118, 122) and 

thermal wells (pp. 60, 122). Lists of wells of the Jennings district, 

Louisiana (p. 130), and at Spindletop, Texas (pp. 77-85, 103-104), and 

records of a large number of gas, oil, and water wells at various points 

are given. The occurrence of sulphur in water (pp. 17, 18) and the 

relation of salt water to oil (p. 119) are discussed. A description of 

drilling methods is also given (pp. 166-170).
FULLER.] EELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 39

227 Hayes (C. Willard). Introduction. Contributions to economic 

geology, 1902.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 9-14, 1903.

Gives a table of the geologic folios of the survey, with lists of mineral 

products, including underground water, artesian water, and mineral 

springs.

228 and Eckel (K. C.). Iron ores of the Cartersville district 

Georgia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 233-242, 1903. 

The deposition of the ores is referred to solutions ascending from considerable depths along faults and other line," of passage.

229 Hayes (C. Willard). Oil fields of the Texas-Louisiana Gulf 

Coastal Plain.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 345-352, 1903. 

Describes the occurrence of salt water in the Spiiidletop pool (p. 350).

230 origin and extent of Tennessee white phosphates. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 418-423, 1903. 

Ores were deposited in quiet waters in caverns in the limestone, 

sometimes under hydrostatic pressure.

231 and Eckel (E. C.). Occurrence and development of ocher 

deposits in the Cartersville district, Georgia. 

- U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 427-432, 1903.

Notes the admission of surface waters to great depths by faults, and 

discusses the nature and movements of water connected with the formation of the ores (p. 429).

232 and Ulrich (Edward O.). Columbia folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 95, 6 pp., 1903.

Notes the occurrence of sinks, caves, and underground streams in the 

St. Louis limestone. Onlovician phosphates are ascribed to leaching of 

phosphatic limestones by acid surface waters along joint planes, etc. 

(pp. 5-6). The origin of blanket deposits through underground circulation and of collar deposits through capillary circulation are also considered (p. 6).

233 Hayes (C. Willard). Introduction: Contributions to economic 

geolog}7 , 1903.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 11-17, 1904. 

Gives list of Survey publications and notes folios in which discussions 

of underground waters appear.

234: Herrick (H. N.). Gypsum deposits in New Mexico.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 223, pp. 89-99, 1904.

Notes presence of salt and hydrogen sulphide in wells penetrating 

the gypsum (p. 92), and the occurrence of sinks due to the solution of 

gypsum.

235 Hilgard (E. W.). Salines of Louisiana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. 1882, pp. 554-565, 1883. 

Considers the wells and springs affording brines.
40 BIBLIOGEAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

236 Hill (Benjamin F.). Gypsum deposits in Texas. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 223, pp. 68-73, 1904. 

Notes impregnation of springs with gypsum, salt, and sulphur (p. 71), 

and mentions the filling of caves by the former mineral (p. 72).

237 Hill (Robert T.). The present condition of knowledge of the 

geology of Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 45, pp. 95, 1887.

Describes the artesian-well experiment under Capt. John Pope in 

1857-8 (p. 27).

238 Administrative report.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 15th Ann. Kept., pp. 170-171, 1895. 

Describes artesian investigations in Texas (p. 171).

239 and Vaughan (T. Wayland). Geology of the Edwards 

Plateau and Rio Grande Plain adjacent to Austin and San 

Antonio, Texas, with reference to the occurrence of underground water.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 193-321, 1898.

Discusses the geography (pp. 201-212), geology-(pp. 215-260), artesian principles (pp. 212-215), capacity of formations (pp. 260-264), and 

the underground waters, including artesian and nonflowing wells and 

springs of the Edwards Plateau (pp. 264-274) and the Rio Grande Plain 

(pp. 274-321). The identity of artesian and fissure spring waters in the 

latter, the source of the water, prospecting, chemical analyses, spring 

rivers, and fault springs are also considered, and the Edwards limestone 

and Travis Peak foundation discussed as sources of supply.

240 and Vaughan (T. Way land). Nueces folio, Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 42, pp. 4, 1898.

Describes caverns in limestones (p. 1), the honeycombed rocks of the 

Edwards formation (pp. 2-3), and notes the occurrence of springs and 

spring rivers throughout the Cretaceous (p. 2). Springs are divided 

into two groups, the fault springs, as those from Austin to Del Rio, and 

the gravity springs, as those of the Edwards formation (p. 3). Mentions 

the value of the Comanche Peak formation as a horizon marker in locating underground waters (p. 2). The Kickapoo water bed at the base of 

the Edwards formation, the Black Water Hole beds 150 feet higher, 

and the still higher Justice Spring horizon are described. They give 

nonflowing wells except along the Balcones fault (p. 4). Water is predicted in the Trinity beds 500 feet below the Comanche Peak limestone 

(p. 4).

241 Hill (Robert T.). Mineral resources of Porto Rico.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Rept, pt. 6 cont, pp. 771-778, 1899.

Reports several thermal and mineral springs, some of which have 

been improved by the construction of baths, etc. Sulphur and ferruginous waters are the most common. An analysis of Coamo water is 

' given (pp. 775-776).
FULLEK.I RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 41

242 Hill (Robert T.). Geography .and geology of the Black and Grand 

prairies, Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 7, pp. 1-666, 1900.

An elaborate report covering the geography of the Texas region, 

especially of the Black and Grand prairies (pp. 25-85), the geology 

(pp. 86-386), principles of the occurrence of underground waters (pp. 

387-394), the artesian well systems of Texas (pp. 394-451), chemistry 

of the waters (pp. 447-451), and the artesian conditions of Black and 

Grand prairies by counties (pp. 452-649). The supplies are from the 

Cretaceous, including the base of the Trinity, a portion of the Glen 

Rose, the Paluxy, a part of the beds of the Edwards, Woodbine, and 

Denison formations and theCorsicana sands of the Navarro beds (p. 419).

243 and Vaughan (T. Wayland). Austin folio, Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 76, pp. 8, 1902. 

Notes the occurrence of interrupted streams and describes the springs 

of the honeycombed Edwards limestone (p. 2). The quadrangle is 

underlain by the Trinity group, which should furnish water rising 

600 feet above sea level. The variations in depth of the beds are 

described (p. 8).

244 Hills (Richard Charles). Elmoro folio, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 58, pp. 5, 1899.

Describes the artesian waters of the Dakota sandstone, together with 

the position, thickness, and depth of that bed. Strong flows are not 

probable, but small flows can be obtained in Purgatory Valley and elsewhere. The occurrence of springs is noted. In addition to the descriptions, a map showing the outcrop of the \vater horizon and the extent 

of and depths to the water bed in the flowing and nonflowing areas is 

given (pp. 4-5).

245 Walsenburg folio, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 68, pp. 6, 1900.

Describes the Dakota sandstone and Lower Eocene beds and discusses 

the structure of the quadrangle. The prospects for flowing and nonflowing wells and the methods and cost of boring are considered, and 

the requisite conditions of artesian water are noted. A map showing 

the areas of outcrop of the Dakota sandstone and the Poison Canyon 

formation, the flowing, nonflowing, and unproductive areas, and the 

depth to the Dakota sandstone is given.

246 Spanish peaks folio, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 71, pp. 7, 1901.

Discusses artesian conditions and the present and prospective supplies, 

and describes the Dakota sandstone and Poison Canyon formation. 

Notes the occurrence < >f springs. Gives a map showing areas underlain 

by water-bearing formations and the depth to the Dakota sandstone.

247 Hobbs (William Herbert). The Newark system of the Pomperang Valley, Connecticut.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 7-162, 1900. 

Considers the rectilinear arrangement of certain springs as indicating 

fault lines (pp. 91-93).
42 BIBLIOGEAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

248 Holgate (H. L.). The legal status of irrigation.

F. 8. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 

296-300, 1904.

Devotes a section to underground waters, giving characteristic court 

decisions relating thereto (p. 299).

249 Hollick (Arthur). Cretaceous deposits of Staten Island. New 

York City folio, New York-New Jersey. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of T. S., folio 110. 83, pp. 10-11, 1902. 

Notes the importance of the Cretaceous beds as a source of water supply, and mentions the drift and serpentine as additional sources.

250 Hood (Ozni Porter). New tests of certain pumps and water lifts 

used in irrigation.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 14, pp. 91, 

1898.

A critical discussion of the various pumps and lifts used to raise 

underground waters to the surface.

251 Hoyt (John C.). Report of progress of stream measurements 

for the calendar year 1903. Part 4, Interior Basin, Pacific, 

and Hudson Bay drainage.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply ami Irrigation Paper no. 100, pp. 

533, 1904.

Gives spring measurements in Nevada (p. 227), mentions the springs 

of the San Francisco district (p. 277), describes briefly underflow and 

seepage at certain points in southern California (p. 339), and gives yield 

of wells and pumping plants in the same region (pp. 355-356).

252 Hutson (William Ferguson). Irrigation systems of Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 13, pp. 68, 

1898.

Discusses the pumping of underground waters for irrigation in the 

East Gulf Coast region (pp. 25-27), in central Texas (p. 29), along the 

Colorado River (p. 33), on the Llano Estacado (pp. 59-62), and at 

Laredo, Hidalgo, and Brownsville (pp. 58-59). The strong artesian 

flows near San Antonio and in the Pecos Valley, and the great San 

Manros and Comal springs, together with the smaller springs of the 

Pecos Valley, are also described.

253 Hydrography, Division of. Operations at river stations, 1899. 

Part 2.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 36, pp. 198, 

1900.

(fives the results of a number of spring zneasurements in Georgia (pp. 

147-148).

254 Operations at river stations, 1899. Part 3.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 37, pp. 298, 

1900.

Gives the result of spring measurements at Columbus, Nebr. (p. 276), 

and describes the big well at Uvalde, Tex., and the Las Moras and San 

Felipe springs, Texas (p. 277). The flow of the springs is 60 and 84 

second-feet, respectively.
PULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 43

255 Hydrography, Division of. Operations at river stations, 1899. 

Part 5. 

II. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 39, pp. 471,

1900.

Gives measurements of the flows of artesian wells MI the San Benardino Valley, California (p. 423).

256 Operations at river stations, 1900. Part 3.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 49, pp. 292,

1901.

Discusses the underground water supply of the South Platte Basin, 

Colorado (p. 279).

257 Operations at river stations, 1900. Part. 4.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 50, pp. 387, 

1901.

Discusses seepage in Colorado (pp. 299-306, 320) and considers the 

"underground waters of Arkansas Basin, Colorado (p. 320). The Barton (p. 335), San Antonio (p. 340), Leona (p. 342), SanFelipe (p. 345), 

Toyale (p.361), Saragossa (p. 362), and the springs of Lampasas River (p. 

335), Nueces River (p. 343), and Mud Creek (p. 345), all of Texas, are 

described or mentioned, as are also the artesian wells of the San Antonio (p. 340).

258 Operations at river stations, 1900. Part 5.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 51, pp.487, 

1901.

Gives a number of discharge measurements of wells in California 

(pp. 482-484).

259 Operations at river stations, 1900. Part 6.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply .and Irrigation Paper 110. 52, pp. 575,

1901. 

Describes the construction of wells in southern California (pp. 497-498).

260 Operations at river stations, 1901. Part 2 (west of Mississippi River).

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 66, pp. 188,

1902.

Notes the source of Mill Creek, Texas, in springs (p. 62), and 

describes the Carrizo Springs of Texas (p. 63) and the soda springs near 

the Tieton River, Washington (p. 135). An analysis of the waters of 

the Carrizo Springs (well) is given (p. 63).

I.

2(>1 Iddings (Joseph P.) and Weed (Walter H.). Livingstone folio, 

Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 1, pp. 4, 1894. 

Describes travertine of present and extinct hot springs (p. 3).

262 Irving (John Duer). Economic resources of the northern Black 

Hill*.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Professional Paper no. 26, pp. 222, 1904.

Mentions the relation of underground waters to ore deposits or mineralization (pp. 110, 136, 190), and gives a more complete discussion 011 

pp. 155-157.
44 BIBLIOGRAPHIC EEVIEW OP PAPEES [NO. 120.

263 Irving (Roland Duer). On secondary enlargements of mineral 

fragments in certain rocks: Summary of general conclusions.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 8, pp. 48-52, 1884.

Ascribes enlargement of quartz grains in the Huron, Potsdam, and 

St. Peters quartzites to deposition from interstitially percolating waters 

(p. 49).

J.

264 Jack (John G.). Pikes Peak, Plum Creek, and South Platte 

[forest] reserves.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept., pt. 5, pp. 39-115, 1899. 

Notes the springs of the South Platte reserve (p.92).

265 Johnson (Lawrence C.) Smith (Eugene A.) and. Tertiary and 

Cretaceous strata of the Tuscaloosa, Tombigbee, and Alabama rivers. 

See Smith (Eugene A.) and Johnson (Lawrence C.)

266 Johnson (Laurence C.) and Eckel (Edwin C.). Mississippi. 

[Well records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

332-357, 1904.

Considers briefly the general underground water conditions and gives 

a table of geologic and water horizons (pp. 332-333). Tables of a large 

number of wells, giving depths, head, quality, supply, geologic horizon 

of water, etc., are included.

267 Johnson (Willard D.). The high plains and their utilization.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. 601-741, 1900.

Describes their character, origin, geological structure, and climate 

(pp. 609-679), and notes the necessity of additional water supplies (pp. 

680-691). The occurrence of underground waters, including the catchment through basins, sinks, sod cracks, etc., resulting from solution or 

caving of Tertiary or Cretaceous beds is discussed, and the ground 

water conditions of the Meade artesian basin and other regions described. 

Both wells and springs are considered (pp. 702-741).

268 The high plains and their utilization. '

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. 631-6(59, 1901.

Gives a physical description of the plains (pp. 637-640) and considers

the occurence and origin of the underground waters (pp. 640-642).

There appears to be enough water for watering stock, "but not enough

for extensive irrigation, except in valleys. The importance of correct

well construction is emphasized (p. 669).

K.

269 Keith (Arthur). Knoxville folio, Tennessee-North Carolina.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio No. 16, pp. 6, 1895. 

Describes springs and other sources of water supply of the region of 

the Knox dolomite, and notes the value of spring-fed streams for water 

. power.
FULLEII.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 45

270 Keith (Arthur). London folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 25, pp. 6, 1896.

Describes underground drainage through sinks into the Rutledge limestone, and in the Knox dolomite (p. 3). States that the abundant 

springs of the region give rise to streams affording permanent power 

(p. 6).

271 Morristown folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 27, pp. 5, 1896.

Mentions the underground drainage of the Knox dolomite and that 

through sinks into subterranean channels in the Rutledge limestone (p. 2). 

Steady water power is derived from streams fed chiefly by springs.

272 Briceville folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 32, pp. 4, 1896. 

Describes the underground drainage and sinks of the Knox dolomite 

(p. 2).

273 Maynardville folio, Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv.,Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 75, pp. 6, 1901. 

Notes the underground drainage and sinks of the Rutledge limestone 

and Knox dolomite (p. 2) and mentions the sulphur springs of the 

Chattanooga shale (p. 4).

274 Cranberry folio.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 90, pp. 9, 1903. 

Mentions the occurrence of multitudes of springs feeding the streams, 

many of which have valuable water powers.

275 Recent zinc mining in East Tennessee.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 110. 225, pp. 208-218, 1904. 

Notes deposition of ores by ground waters and the occurrence of hot 

springs in limestones (p. 212).

276 Kennedy (William) Hayes, (C. W.) and. Oil fields of the 

Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coastal Plain. 

See Hayes (C. W.) and Kennedy (William).

277 King (Franklin Hiram). Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 2, pp. 59-294, 1897.

Among the subjects discussed are the water-holding capacity of soils 

and rocks (pp. 70-71); the gravitational, thermal, capillary, and seepage 

movements, and movements d\ie to crust deformation and rock consolidation (pp. 71-94); experimental investigations of movements through 

wire gauze, tubes, rocks, sands, soils, etc. (pp. 107-206); movements 

through sand and rock in nature (pp. 207-292); influence on flow of 

form, diameter, and arrangement of grains (pp. 207-218, 228-242); 

determination of pore space and size of grains (pp. 218-228); movements 

over wide areas and in fissures (pp. 245-250); interference of wells (pp. 

276-279); flow into wells (pp. 279-289); computation of capacity (pp. 

289-290); flow into driven well points (pp. 290-292), and rate of pumping of different classes of wells (pp. 292-293).
46 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

L.

278 La Forge (Laurence) Crosby (William O.) and. Massachusetts. 

[Well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

94-111, 1904.

See Crosby (William O.) and La Forge (Laurence).

279 Lane (Alfred C.). Water resources of the lower peninsula of 

Michigan.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 30. pp. 97, 

1899.

Treats of the uses of surface and underground waters (pp. 11-48), climate (pp. 48-57), well temperatures (p. 56), geology and topography, 

including descriptions of shallow wells, methods of sinking wells 

(p. 69), deep wells of the Carboniferous, Devonian, and Silurian rocks 

(pp. 77-89), rock structure (pp. 90-91), and prospects in various dis- 

 tricts (pp. 91-94).

280 Lower Michigan mineral waters. (A study into the connection between their chemical composition and mode of 

occurrence.)

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 31, pp. 97, 

1899.

Considers the economic, value of water (pp. 12-14) and discusses 

analyses of the waters of lakes, streams, wells, springs, etc. (pp. 14-57). 

The chemistry of the waters of the various geological formations, 

including the Marshall and Berea Grit and the Devonian and Silurian 

limestones, is treated at some length (pp. 58-86). Special attention is 

given to the brines (pp. 66-70).

281 Langille (H. D.). Forest conditions in the Cascade Forest 

Reserve, Oregon: Northern portion of Cascade Range Forest Reserve.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 9, pp. 27-69, 1903!

Describes hot mineral springs (p. 28).

282 Lee (Willis T.). Underground waters of Salt River Valley 

[Arizona].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Rept. Reclamation Service, 1902-3, pt. 

73-76, 1904.

 Describes the underflow and the various water horizons. Pumping 

for irrigation is proposed.

283 The underground waters of Gila Valley, Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 104, pp. 71, 

1904.

Among the topics discussed are wells (pp. 14-23), return waters 

(pp. 23-25),' underflow, including rate of movement and volume 

(pp. 26-63, 67,68), composition of ground waters, including analyses 

(pp. 15,20, 57,61), well descriptions and records (pp. 14-23), capacity 

of wells and well tests (pp. 16-18), seepage ditches (pp. 23-25, 51-52), 

porosity of gravels (pp. 47-48), experiments with underflow (pp. 40-47), 

and pumping plants (pp. 52-57).
FULLEE.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 47

284 Leiberg (John B.). Priest River Forest Reserve [Idaho]. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Rept., pt. 5, pp. 217-252, 1898. 

In connection with the discussion of water supplies the collection of 

water in fissured granite and its emergence a? springs is noted (p. 220).

285 Bitterroot Forest Reserve [Montana].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt, 5, pp. 253-282, 1898. 

Springs are numerous and give rise to small streams. It is thought 

that they might be used for irrigation (pp. 259-260).

286 The San Gabriel Forest Reserve [California].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept., pt. 5, pp. 411-428, 1899. 

Notes the absorption of water into the rocks and the reappearance as 

springs (p. 415).

287 The San Bernardino Forest Reserve.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept., pt. 5, pp. 429-154, 1899.

Notes the disappearance of streams in gravel (p. 433) and mentions 

the practice of tunneling to intercept ground water (p. 435). Describes 

the artesian basins of the reserve (p. 435).

288 Cascade Range Forest Reserve [Oregon]; Ashland Forest 

Reserve.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 5, pp. 209-498, 1900. 

Notes the occurrence of large springs giving rise to streams (p. 225) 

and the presence of hot springs (p. 229). Mention is made of the disappearance of streams into the lava (p. 231).

289 Forest conditions in the Cascade Forest Reserve, Oregon: 

Southern part of the Cascade Range Forest Reserve.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Taper nu. 9, pp. 229-289, 1903. 

Describes springs (pp. 239, 264, 281, 283) and notes absorption of 

water by pumice (p. 234) and by fissures in the lava (pp. 276, 281).

290 Rixon (Theodore F.), and Dodwell (Arthur). Detailed 

descriptions [of timber of townships]. Forest conditions in 

the San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserve, Arizona. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 22, pp. 35-91, 1904. 

Gives occasional references to springs in connection with discussion 

of forest conditions.

291 Leiberg (John B.). Forest conditions in the Little Belt Mountains 

Forest Reserve, Montana, and the Little Belt Mountains 

Quadrangle.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 30, 75 pp., 1904.

Mentions springs under "Drainage conditions" in some of the township descriptions.

292 Leighton (Marshall Ora). Sewage pollution in the metropolitan 

area near New York City and its effect on inland water 

resources.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 72, pp. 75, 

1902.

Discusses the normal composition of underground waters, including 

the normal chlorine, and mentions the loss of mechanical sediments 

and gain in material in solution in the passage of water into the ground.
48 BIBLIOGEAPHIC EEVIEW OF PAPEES [NO. lliO.

293 Leighton (Marshall Ora). Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States. 

IT. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 79, pp. 192,

1903.

Notes the removal of albuminoid ammonia by natural filtration and 

discusses the normal composition, especially the chlorine constituent of 

ground and seepage waters. Points out the necessity of storing such 

waters in covered reservoirs on account of the abundant nitrates which 

favor algous growth (pp. 22-31).

294 Quality of water in the Susquehanna River drainage basin.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 108, 76pp.,

1904.

Describes coal mine waters (pp. 24-26) and the underground waters 

of the Chemung Valley of New York and Pennsylvania (pp. 51-52), 

the west branch of the Susquehanna (pp. 53-56) and the Juniata (pp. 

63-65). Analyses of waters from mines, springs, wells, and streams are 

given.

295 Leith (Charles Kenneth), Van Hise (Charles Richard), Clements 

(J. Morgan) and. Iron-ore deposits of Lake Superior 

region.

See Van Hise (C. R.), and Leith (C. K.), and Clements (J. Morgan).

296 Leith (Charles Kenneth). The Mesabi iron-bearing district of 

Minnesota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 43, 316pp., 1903.

Discusses the relation of water level to ores, waters in mines, etc. (pp. 

234-235), the processes of alteration, including analyses (p. 265) and the 

laws of circulation (pp. 265-272). The ores are considered to have been 

derived from greenalite-bearing sedimentary rocks or from carbonates 

by the action of underground waters (pp. 237-238), the alteration taking 

place both above and below the water level. The presence of phosphates in waters from ores and the concentration of the ores by water 

is considered (pp. 274-275), and the influence of percolating water in 

the formation of other Lake Superior ores is noted (pp. 277-279).

297 Geologic work in the Lake Superior iron district, 1902. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 247-250,1903. 

Considers the relation of underground waters to ore deposition (pp. 

249-250).

298 Iron ores in southern Utah.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 228-237, 1904.

Notes agency of percolating waters in ore deposition (p. 235).

299 The Lake Superior iron region during 1903. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 215-220, 1904. 

Notes deposition of ores of Menominee district, Michigan, by circulating waters (p. 216).
PULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS, 49

300 Leverett (Frank). The water resources of Illinois.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 695-849, 1896.

Considers topography and drainage (pp. 703-717), rainfall (pp. 718- 

730), run-off (pp. 730-742), navigable waters (pp. 744-746), water 

powers (pp. 746-748), drift and shallow and deep rock wells, supplies for 

towns or cities (pp. 748-765), and rural supplies (pp. 765-782). A chapter is devoted to artesian wells, including a discussion of the geology and 

of the altitude, capacity, casing, head, and quality of water (pp. 785- 

818). A considerable number of analyses are given (pp. 819-829).

301 The water resources of Indiana and Ohio.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. 419-559, 1897.

After considering the physical features, drainage, lakes, etc., of the 

region (pp. 426-474) a discussion of underground waters, including 

wells of the drift, shallow and deep rock wrells, subterranean drainage 

lines, springs, analyses of the waters, etc., is given (pp. 474-501). This 

is followed by extended descriptions of the water supplies of cities and 

villages (pp. 502-559).

302 The Illinois glacial lobe.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 38, 817 pp., 1899.

Gives a chapter on the wells of Illinois (pp. 550-787), in which a classification of underground waters, a discussion of artesian conditions, and 

detailed descriptions of the wells by counties, with many records, are 

included.

303 Wells of northern Indiana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 21, pp. 82, 

1899.

Gives maps showing distribution of drift and the relation of wells to 

the drift. Discusses the general conditions of underground supplies and 

describes and gives records of many wells, both flowing and nonflowing.

304 Wells of southern Indiana. (Continuation of Water Supply 

and Irrigation Paper no. 21.)

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 26, pp. 64, 

1899.

Discusses the relations of wells to the geology, including both drift 

and rock, and describes and gives records of a large number of wells.

305 Danville folio, Illinois-Indiana. Underground water.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 67, pp. 7-9, 1900.

Gives a detailed discussion of underground waters and of wells, 

including both open and tubular, flowing and nonflowing, and drift and 

rock types. The problems of catchment and head are considered. 

More than a hundred records giving altitude, depth, head, etc., are 

included.

306 Glacial formations and drainage features of the Erie and 

Ohio basins.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 41, 802pp., 1902.

No special discussion of the waters of the drift is given, although 

many incidental references to wells and records are included, especially 

to the flowing wells of Ohio (see index of monograph). 

IRK 120 05 4
50 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

307 Lindgren (Waldemar) and Turner (H. W.). Marysville folio, 

California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 17, pp. 2, 1895.

Gives deep-well records at Marysville Buttes and discusses the value 

of wells as sources of water supply. Some of the water is charged with 

carbonates and sulphates.

308 Lindgren (Waldemar). The gold quartz veins of Nevada City 

and Grass Valley districts, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 1-262, 1896.

Notes the occurrence of strong ascending springs along the quartz 

veins (pp. 120-124), and ascribes the deposition of the ores to ascending 

thermal waters containing carbonates, silica, alkaline sulphates and sulphides, and metals (pp. 173, 262). Analyses of the water and deposits 

show carbonates and sulphates of Ca, Mg, Mn, As, Fe, Pb, Mo, etc., 

and silica (pp. 121-123). The amount of silica is compared with that 

of waters of Iceland geysers, Steamboat Springs, Nebraska, and Yellowstone National Park (p. 176).

309 The mining districts of the Idaho Basin and the Boise Kidge, 

. Idaho.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 617-719, 1897. 

Notes the occurrence of a hot mineral spring on a fault at Warm 

Spring (p. 667).

310 Boise folio, Idaho.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 45, pp. 7, 1898.

Notes the use of springs for irrigation (p. 1). The springs are especially numerous and copious in the sheeted granite area. Several large 

springs, some hot and weakly mineralized, occur in the Payette formation. The artesian wells of the granite and of the Neocene and Pleistocene formations, especially the Payette, are considered and the best 

locations discussed. The occurrence of hot artesian mineral waters near 

- Boise is noted (p. 7).

311 The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and 

other mining districts in Idaho.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept., pt, 3, pp. 65-256, 1899.

Describes silicious spring deposits with some gold and silver deposited 

by thermal waters at De Lamar (pp. 103-104), and the hydrothermal 

alteration of granite, basalt, and rhyolite are discussed from the chemical side (pp. 174-186). Notes the occurrence of hot artesian waters 

carrying gold and silver at De Lamar (p. 187), and mentions the deposition of ores by carbonated waters in the Wood Eiver district (p. 217).

312 Colfax folio, California.

U. S. Geol. Sun'., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 66, pp. 10, 1900.

Mentions the numerous and copious springs of the igneous rocks and 

in the auriferous Neocene river gravels. They sometimes interfere 

seriously with mining (p. 10).

313 The gold belt of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 551-776, 1901. 

Notes the occurrence of ascending thermal waters (p. 615) and 

describes thermal mineral springs and their deposits, giving analyses 

(pp. 641-642).
FULLEK.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 51

314 Lindgren (Walderaar.) The water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian 

Islands.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper, no. 77, pp. 62, 

1903.

Discusses the physical conditions (p. 9-26), ground-water conditions, 

quality, etc. (pp. 26-28), low and high level springs (pp. 28-30), available ground water (pp. 47-49, 59), and the present and prospective uses 

for irrigation (p. 56). The wells, which are mostly shallow and uncertain as to the amount of water and as to the salt in solution, are 

 described (pp. 37-47).

315 and Drake (N. F.). Nampa folio, Idaho-Oregon.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 103, pp. 5, 1904.

Gives a number of well records (p. 2), notes the work of hot springs 

in lake beds (p. 2), and describes the general occurrence of thermal 

springs, ground waters, and artesian wells (p. 5).

316 and Drake (N. F.). Silver City folio, Idaho. .

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 104, pp. 6, 1904.

Discusses in detail the occurrence of warm-spring and artesian waters 

and wells, giving a table of depths and temperatures of water of the 

latter (pp. 5-6).

317 Lindgren (Waldemar). A geological reconnaissance across the 

Bitteroot Range and Clearwater Mountains in Montana and 

Idaho.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 27, pp. 116, 1904.

Describes the mineral springs of the region and their temperature, and 

notes their use for bathing, etc. (pp. 113-114).

318 and Ransome (Frederick Leslie). Report of progress in 

the geological resurvey of the Cripple Creek district, 

Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull, no 254, pp. 36, 1904.

Contains a section on underground waters in which depth of ground 

water and oxidation, mine waters, occurrence of water in joints of crystalline rocks, and drainage by tunnels are considered (pp. 31-32).

319 Lippincott (Joseph Barlow). Water supply of San Bernardino 

Valley.

U. S.^Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept, pt. 4, pp. 540-633, 1898.

Describes springs and their flow (pp. 563-564), and discusses the 

artesian wells fed by ground water and by underflow from San Antonio 

Creek (pp. 565-566).

320 Storage of water on Kings River, California.

TJ. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 58, pp. 101, 

1902.

Discusses the ground water of Kings Eiver delta, from which abundant 

supplies are obtained (pp. 53-84), and gives statistical tables giving for 

the wells the depth, character of water-bearing beds, quality of water, 

methods of lifting, cost, and the amount, use, and saline contents of the 

waters. Seepage and its effect on ground-water level is noted (pp. 22- 

24, 80-82) and the alkalinity and replenishment of the ground water 

described (]>p. 82-88).
52 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

321 Lippincott (Joseph Barlow). Development and application of 

water near San Bernardino, Colton, and Riverside, California. Part I.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 59, pp. 95, 

1902.

Describes the artesian district (p. 22), the rate of underflow (p. 22), 

analyses (p. 23), details of artesian area, including amount and permanancy of supply (pp. 38-42), pumping (pp. 42-46), irrigation, springs 

and wells of Riverside district (p. 62), and wells of the Gage canal system (pp. 69-78).

322 Development and application of water near San Bernardino, 

Colton, and Riverside, California. Part II.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper, no. 60, pp. 

102-141, 1902.

Discusses the artesian wells in the East Riverside district, in the Redlands and San Bernardino quadrangles, in the vicinity of Rincon, etc., 

and gives tables (pp. 115-134) showing type of wells, depth, height of 

water, character of strata, quality of water, method of lifting, quantity, 

and cost of water. Seepage in the San Bernardino Valley is also considered (pp. 108, 113).

323 California hydrography.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 81, pp. 488, 

1903.

Describes the gravel fan at the base of the mountains at Pasadena 

Mesa. The gravel is saturated with water which is collected by wells 

and tunnels. Well statistics, including depth, flow, etc., are given (pp. 

174-180).

324 Lord (Eliot). Comstock mining and miners.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 4, 451 pp. 1883.

Gives a chapter on "The contest with water," describing the immense 

flows of thermal waters encountered and the methods of meeting the 

problems (pp. 230-244). Other incidental references to mine waters 

occur.

M.

325 Martin (George C.). Petroleum fields of Alaska and the Bering 

River coal fields.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 365-382, 1904. 

Notes the occurrence of oil, gas, and sulphur springs (pp. 368, 378), 

and mentions the finding of large flows of water (p., 379). Underground 

water is assigned a part in the accumulation and distribution of ore 

(p. 369).

326 Matthes (Gerard H.). Grand River project [Colorado].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Second Ann. Rept. Reclamation Service, 1902-3, 

pp. 210-250, 1904.

Notes the settling of the ground because of accretions to the ground 

water through irrigation (pp. 213, 236).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 53

327 McCallie (S. W.). Georgia. [Water supply, well, and spring 

records, j

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 207- 

236, 190-1.

Gives tables showing the sources of public supplies (pp. 208-221) and 

tables and notes on wells (pp. 221-225) and springs (pp. 227-236). The 

data on public supplies includes source, quality, special uses, etc., on 

wells, the depth, head, quality, analyses, and yield; and on springs, 

quality, odor, taste, sediment, mineral deposits, yield, source, uses, 

improvements, and analyses.

328 McG-ee (W J). The geology of the head of Chesapeake Bay.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 7th Ann. Kept., pp. 537-646, 1888.

The investigation was made to determine the artesian conditions near 

Fishing Battery Station. Reviews the conditions necessary for artesian 

supplies and discusses the local structure and displacements in addition 

to a general consideration of Coastal Plain conditions. A moderate supply rising nearly to the surface is predicted from the Potomac sands 

(pp. 644-645).

329 Administrative report [1886-87].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 166-173, 1889. 

Notes bearing of data collected at the head of Chesapeake Bay on 

artesian waters along the fall line.

330 Administrative report [1887-88].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 9th Ann. Kept, pp. 102-110, 1889.

Mentions the artesian well prospects of the Fart Riley Military Reservation, Kansas (p. 104), and notes an arrangement with A. J. Phinney 

to collect boring records in Indiana (p. 105).

331 Administrative report [1888-89].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 10th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 148-158, 1890. 

Notes progress of the survey of the Fort Riley Military Reservation 

with a view »if determining the water supply and other economic products (p. 154).

332 The Pleistocene history of northeastern Iowa.

U. S. Geol. Surv., llth Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 189-577, 1891.

Describes solution caverns in the Galena limestone and their ores 

(p. 329), and gives well sections in northeastern Iowa and adjacent portions of Illinois. They are mainly geological, but some notes 011 water 

are given (pp. 514-540).

333 Introduction: Rock gas and related bitumens. The natural 

gas field of Indiana, by Arthur John Phinney. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., llth Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 589-616, 1891. 

Notes the correspondence of laws governing the accumulation of the 

of lighter hydrocarbons and artesian waters and considers the requisites 

for artesian flows (pp. 603-604).
54 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OP PAPERS [NO. 120.

334 McG-ee (W J). The potable waters of the eastern United States.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 14th Ann. Kept,, pt. 2, pp. 1-47, 1893.

Besides rain and stream water, the accumulation and utilization 

through wells or springs of shallow ground water (pp. 40-42), and the 

accumulation, underground conditions, etc., of "phreatic" or deepseated waters of thermal springs and of artesian and other deep wells 

are considered, and local statistics given (pp. 42-47).

335 Administrative report [1892-93].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 14th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, p'p. 210-244, 1893. 

Notes work of the Survey on potable waters of wells and springs, the 

occurrence of artesian waters of District of Columbia, at Fortress M on roe, 

and at Crisfield, Maryland (pp. 216, 219). work on the artesian waters of 

Missouri (p. 232), and studies on general water supplies, including wells 

(p. 237). A summary of work on artesian wraters is also given (p. 230).

336 Mead (Elwood). Water-right problems of the Bighorn Mountains.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 23, pp. 62, 

1899.

Notes loss by seepage from Little Tongue River and loss through 

funnels, etc., in limestone (p. 49).

337 Means (Thomas H.). The use of alkaline waters for irrigation.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 255- 

258, 1904.

Notes the use of highly alkaline artesian waters for irrigation in 

Algiers (pp. 255, 258).

338 Murphy (Edward Charles). Windmills for irrigation.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no." 8, pp. 49, 

1897.

In addition to the critical discussion of the use of windmills as a means 

of raising ground water for irrigation, a brief description is given of the 

wells near Garden, Kansas (p. 10).

339 The windmill: its efficienc}' and economic ise. Part I.

U. R. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 41, pp. 72, 

1901.

Discusses the types and uses of windmills and gives the results of 

elaborate tests of their efficiency in raising ground water. The artesian 

wells near Garden, Kansas are also described (pp. 22-23).

340 The windmill: its efficiency and economic use. Part II.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 42, pp. 73- 

147, 1901.

Describes further tests relating to the efficiency of windmills in raising 

ground water to the surface.

341 Murphy (Edwin C.). Destructive floods in the United States in 

1903.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 96, 81 pp., 

1904.

In connection with the flood descriptions the author considers ground 

storage of water and its effect on the flow of streams (pp. 71-73.) Figures as to amount of porosity are given (p. 272).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 55

N.

34:2 Newell (Frederick Hajmes). Hydrography of the arid regions.

U. S. Geol. Surv., "l 2th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 213-361, 1891.

Discusses mainly the flow and uses of surface waters, but incidentally 

considers the wells of the Rio Grande Valley (pp. 247, 278), the large 

alkaline springs near Puerto de Luna (p. 284), the springs of Agua Negra 

(p. 205), Peers (p. 285), Berenda (p. 286), North Spring, Hondo, Block, 

and Seven rivers (p. 286), Gallinas springs (p. 287), and springs of the 

San Pedro district (p. 304). Lost and underground rivers are noted in 

several instances (pp. 232-234, 282, 287, 315).

343 Water supply for irrigation.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 13th Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 1-99, 1892.

Estimates a total of 8,097 artesian wells in Western United States in 

1890, 3,930 of which are used for irrigating 51,896 acres. In addition 

there is a still greater number of pumped wells (p. 28). The movement of water through rock and sediments and the use of underflow 

canals is considered (pp. 29-30). The use of seepage waters for irrigation near the Jefferson River, Montana (p. 52), and the deep wells at 

Helena (p. 55) are described.

344 Administrative report.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 15th Ann. Rept., pp. 196-198, 1895. 

Describe? work on artesian problems (p. 196).

345 Report of progress of the division of hydrography for the 

calendar years 1893 and 1894. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 131, pp. 126, 1895.

Contains an account of seepage along the Cache la Poudre River, 

Colorado, and the absorption of water by the bed of the Platte River 

(pp. 31-32). Tables of well records giving the location, year completed, 

diameter, depth, depth to water, cost of well and machinery, etc., for a 

large number of wells in Nebraska, Colorado, and Kansas are included 

(pp. 92-126).

346 The public lands and their water supply.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 16th Ann. Rept, pt. 2, pp. 457-533, 1896.

Gives information relating to the deep wells or springs of Arizona 

(p. 505), California(p. 509), Colorado (p. 511), Idaho (p. 512), Indian Territory (p. 512), valley of the Arkansas in Kansas (p. 514), of North Platte 

River, Nebraska (p. 517), New Mexico (p. 520), North Dakota (p. 521), 

Oklahoma (p. 522), South Dakota (p. 523), and of Texas (p. 524). 

Other subjects considered are supplies of streams from underground 

waters (p. 470), seepage (pp. 471, 529), pumping (p. 517), and wells as a 

source of supply for irrigation (pp. 499-502).

347 Report of progress of the division of hydrography for the 

calendar year 1895.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 140, pp. 356, 1896.

Mentions the springs of the sand-hill region of North Carolina (p. 65) 

and the San Marcos, San Felipe, Las Mosas, Leona, and the springs of 

Comal River and San Antonio, Texas (pp. 83-85). The seepage of the 

Ogden Valley, Utah (p. 223), the artesian supply of Caliente Valley, 

California (p. 267), the underground conditions and supply at Lindsay, 

California (p. 279), and seepage measurements in Nebraska (pp. 347- 

349) are also given.
56 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

348 Newell (Frederick Hitynes). Preface. Pumping water for irrigation. By Herbert M. Wilson.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 1, pp. 11-13, 

1896.

Defines scope and plan for the new series of papers of which this is 

the first, and gives a list of some of the surface and underground water 

problems under investigation.

349 Letter of transmittal: Hydrography.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. vii-vm, 1897. 

Mentions work of Frank Leverett, N. H. Darton, and F. F. B. Coffin 

on underground waters.

350 Introduction: H3^drography.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. ix-x, 1897.

Reviews work of Survey on streams and underground waters from

1888 to 1896.

t

351 Letter of transmittal: Underground waters of southwestern 

Kansas. By Erasmus Haworth.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 6, p. 9, 1897. 

States object of investigatation.

352 Letter of transmittal: Seepage Water of northern Utah. 

By Samuel Fortier.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 7 (p. 9), 

1897. 

Gives a statement of the importance of underground seepage.

353 Letter of transmittal:

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Eept, pt. 4, pp. vii-vm, 1898. 

Describes work and papers of Edward Orton and N. H. Darton on 

underground waters of Ohio and Nebraska respectively.

354 Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar 

year 1897.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. Ill, 539, 1898.

Describes or mentions the springs of Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, 

and the water supplies of the towns (p. 136), the catchment area of the 

Dakota sandstone and the artesian basins of the Arkansas Valley in 

Colorado, as investigated by G. K. Gilbert (p. 352), the hot springs of 

the Bitterroot Forest Reserve, Montana (p. 401), the artesian wells of the 

Moxee Valley, Washington (with records), and the large springs near 

the Deschutes River, a tributary of the Columbia basin, Washington 

(p. 497).

355 Letter of transmittal: Underground waters of a portion of 

southeastern Nebraska. B}^ N. H. Darton.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 12, p. 9, 

1898. 

Describes character of the work and plans for future investigations.
FtiLLER.] RELATING TO UN DEB GROUND WATERS. 57

356 Newell (Frederick Haynes). Introduction. Irrigation systems 

in Texas. By William Ferguson Hutson.

U. S. Geol. Surv., AVater-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 13, pp. 9-16. 

1898.

Considers in some detail the cost, capacity, and profit of pumping 

underground waters for irrigation.

357 Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar 

year 1898.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. 1-562, 1899.

Gives a summary of hydrographic investigations (p. 19) and describes 

the work on underground waters, artesian wells, pumping, and windmills (p. 44), and in the Black Hills and Bad Lands, by N. H. Darton 

(p. 252). Other topics relating to underground waters which are considered are the springs of Cache La Poudre River (p. 240), artesian 

wells of the Arkansas Valley, Colorado (p. 340), ground-water conditions in the Mississippi Valley (p. 350), use for irrigation and power of 

the springs of San Antonio River, Texas (p. 355), the hot sulphur 

waters of Steamboat Springs, California (pp. 384, 387), underground 

waters of the southern Ute Indian Reservation (p. 412), seepage in 

Boise Valley (p. 484), artesian well records, artesian wells of Moxee 

Valley, Washington (p. 508), artesian well discharge measurements 

(p. 509), underground water at Arroyo Seco and Pasadena Mesa, California, with records (pp. 543-549), and artesian wells of the San Bernardino Valley, California (p. 539).

358 Introduction. Experiments with windmills. By Thomas O. 

Perry.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 20, pp. 

11-18, 1899.

Gives a general discussion of the uses of windmills in raising underground waters for irrigation and other purposes.

359 Letter of transmitted. Wells of northern [ndiana. By 

Frank Leverett.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 21, p. 7, 

1899.

States the nature of Mr. Leverett's work and gives reasons for publication in present form.

360 Letter of transmittal. Wells and windmills of Nebraska. By 

Ervvin Hinckley Barbour.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 29, pp. 

11-12, 1899.

Discusses the value of windmills, especially the hon.e-inade types, in 

developing underground waters.

361 Letter of transmittal. Hydrography.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Rept., pt. 4, p. 7, 1900. 

Notes the importance of work of N. 11. Darton in the Black Hills region, 

South Dakota, and mentions that of \V. D. Johnson on the High Plains.
58 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

362 Newell (Frederick Ilaynes). Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1891). 

(J. 8. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt, 4, pp. 9-488, 1900. 

The report incidentally discusses the work of the Survey on underground waters (p. 27); the pumping of underground waters for irrigation in Georgia (p. 142); loss of water from the bed of Black Warrior 

River, Alabama (p. 152); the work of A. W. Palmer on the analysis of 

well and spring waters of Illinois (p. 178); springs of Yellowstone 

National Park (p. 190); ground water at Kearney, Nebraska (p. 26); 

springs at Mesa Verde and in cliff and Navajo Canyon, Colorado (p. 

297); seepage in Mancos Canyon, Colorado (p. 294); artesian wells 

and seepage measurements in Arizona (pp. 252, 376, 379), and artesian 

or underground water in the San Antonio basin and along Lytle Creek 

and San Diego River, California (pp. 481, 482, 486).

 Letter of transmittal. Hydrography.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Rept., pt. 4, p. 7, 1901. 

Mentions the paper of W. D. Johnson 011 " The High Plains and their 

Utilization."

 Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar 

year 1900.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Rept., pt. 4, pp. 9-506, 1901. 

Notes the value of artesian waters in desert lands (p. 49); mentions 

the springs near Johnson City, Tennessee, and gives analysis (pp. 231- 

233); describes the disappearance of water in sinks in the Thunder Bay 

region of Michigan (p. 261), and discusses the water resources, including 

artesian and other underground waters in southeastern Idaho (pp. 421- 

430), and in the Kings River Basin of California (pp. 479-480).

3G5 Letter of transmittal. Reconnaissance of Yuba River, California, by Marsden Maiison.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 46, pp. 9-10,

1901.

Notes the ad vantages of wind and electric power in raising underground 

waters.

366 Letter of transmittal. Development and application of water 

near San Bernardino, Col ton. and Riverside, California. 

Part 1, by Joseph Barlow Lippincott.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 59, pp. 95,1902. 

Discusses the resort to tunnels and wells for water supplies.

367 Letter of transmittal. The motions of underground waters. 

By Charles S. Slichter. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 67, pp. 106,

1902. 

States the object and scope of the investigations of underground waters.

368 Letter of transmittal. Geology and water resources of the 

Patrick and Goshen Hole quadrangles in eastern Wyoming 

and western Nebraska. By George I. Adams.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 70, p. 9,1902.

Points out the importance of the observations in the two quadrangles, 

 which are typical of much of the public-land area in this region.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 59

300 Newell (Frederick Haynes). Report of progress of stream 

measurements for the calendar year 1901.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 75, p. 246, 

1903.

Describes the discharge of artesian wells in Moxee Valley, near North 

Yakiraa, Washington (pp. 20-4-205).

370 Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar 

year 1902. Part 1, North Atlantic coast and St. Lawrence 

River drainage.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 82, pp. 

199, 1903.

Discusses the necessity of data regarding depth, rate of flow, cost, etc., 

of artesian wells (p. 9).

371 Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar 

year 1902. Fart 2, southern Atlantic, eastern Gulf, and 

Great Lakes drainage.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 83, pp. 304, 

1903.

Discusses the storage of water and possible loss by subterranean flow 

from sand belt of the Cape Fear basin, North Carolina (pp. 30, 60), the 

removal of ground water by ditching (p. 242), the ground waters north 

of Saginaw Bay, Michigan (p. 294), and the absorption of water by 

limestone in the Thunder Bay region, Michigan (p. 296).

372 Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar 

year 1902. Part <3, western Mississippi River and western 

Gulf drainage.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 84, pp. 200, 

1903.

Describes the character and flow of the large Barton Springs, near 

Austin, Texas (pp. 152-153), the Sloan Spring at the edge of the 

Edwards plateau, Texas (p. 155), and the San Felipe Springs at Dol 

Rio, Texas (p. 161).

373 Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar 

year 1902. Part 4, interior basin. Pacific coast, and Hudson Bay drainage.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 85, 250 pp., 

1903. 

Mentions inflow of rivers into Carson Sink, Nevada (pp. 78-79)

374 First Annual Report of the Reclamation Service.

June 17 to December 1, 1902, 317 pp. Atlas, 1903.

Quotes old laws authorizing investigation of underground currents and 

artesian waters (p. 36), and gives section of reclamation law covering the 

same point (pp. 61-63). Other underground-water topics treated are: 

Use of springs for irrigation in Idaho (p. 172), underflow in Kansas (p. 

200), ground waters of Musselshell River basin, Montana (pp. 215-220), 

artesian investigations in Nebraska (p. 220), irrigation by underground 

waters (p. 196), springs of Nevada (p. 224), artesian waters of Oregon 

(p. 273) and South Dakota (p. 278), and artesian prospects on the 

Columbia p ains of Washington (p. 304).
60 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

375 Newell (Frederick Ilaynes). General discussion, organization, 

and summary of work.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Rept, Reclamation Service, 1901-2, pp. 

21-70, 1904.

Notes limitations imposed on Reclamation Service in regard to sinking 

deep wells (pp. 25-27, 39), and mentions pumping from underground 

waters in Kansas (p. 59).

376 Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service with accompanying papers. Report of 

conference.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 

1-116, 1904.

Mentions the work of Mr. N. H. Darton and of the western section 

of hydrology (p. 11), and gives an account of the organization of the 

hydrologic division (pp. 15, 16).

377 Noble (T. A.). Investigations in Washington.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Rept. Reclamation Service, 1902-3, pp. 

487-498, 1904. 

Notes underground course of Crab Creek for most of course (p. 490).

o.

378 Olmstead (Frank H.). Physical characteristics of Kern River, 

California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 46, pp. 11- 

38, 1901.

Describes the wells near Bakersfield which are perforated at each 

water horizon (p. 28).

379 Orton (Edward). The Trenton limestone as a source of petroleum 

and inflammable gas in Ohio and Indiana. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Rept,, pt, 2 (pp. 475-662), 1889. 

Notes the penetration of surface waters into oil wells (p. 511) and the 

position of brine with reference to oil and gas. Analyses of salt water 

from the Trenton, Niagara, and Upper Helderberg, which form a special 

type of "limestone brines," are given. Some are used for bottling and 

medicinal purposes (p. 621). Notes the limitation of progress of water 

and oil by dolomitization (p. 644).

380 Rock waters of Ohio.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Rept., pt. 4, pp. 633-717, 1898.

Discusses the geology (pp. 638-650) and considers the waters of the 

Trenton limestone, the Medina and Clinton horizons, Niagara, Onondaga, and Corniferous limestones, the Ohio shale, the rocks of the 

Waverly group, and the conglomerate and other Carboniferous beds 

(pp. 651-696). Flowing rock wells and artesian wells of buried glacial 

channels are described (pp. 697-717).

P.

381 Parker (Edward W.). Salt [1892].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1892, pp. 792-800, 1893. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1892.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. . 61

382 Parker (Edward W.). Salt [1893].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1893, pp. 717-727, 1894. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1893.

383 Salt [1891].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 16th Ann. Kept., pt. 4, cont., pp. 646-657, 1895. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1894.

384 Salt [1895].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Inn. Kept,, pt. 3, cont., pp. 984-997, 1896. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1895.

385 Salt [1896].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 5, cont., pp. 1273-1314, 1897. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1896.

386 Walt [1897].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept. pt. 6, cont., pp. 587-612, 1898. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1897.

38T Salt [1898].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept,, pt. 6, cont., pp. 667-688, 1899. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1898.

388 Salt [1899].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept, pt. 6, cont., pp. 531-554. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1899.

389 Salt [1900].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1900, pp. 835-848, 1901. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1900.

390 Peale (Albert C.). Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1883-84, pp. 978-987, 1885.

Gives a list of mineral spring localities. States the output for 1883 as 

47,289,743 gallons, with a value of $1,139,483, and for 1884 as 68,720,936 

gallons, with a value of $1,665,490- Statistics of imports and exports 

are included.

391 Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1885, pp. 536-543, 1886.

A list of mineral spring localities and statistics of production, exports, 

and imports are given. The output for the year is given as 9,148,401 

gallons, with a value of $1,312,845. The decrease in production is due 

to the exclusion of the artesian wells used for the public supply at Madison, Wisconsin.
62 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

39$} Feale (Albert C.). Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of 

the United States (a preliminary study).

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 32, pp. 235, 1886.

Discusses the flow, temperature, classification, and composition of 657 

springs from 405 localities. One hundred and eighty-seven analyses are 

given. Seventy-four springs are developed as resorts and 72 are used 

commercially.

393 Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1886, pp. 715-721, 1887.

Includes the usual list of spring localities and statistics of production, 

imports, and exports. The total output for 1886 is given as 8,950,317 

gallons, with a value of $1,284,070.

394 Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1887, pp. 680-687, 1888.

Spring localities are listed and statistics of production, import, and 

export given. The output for the year is placed at 8,259,609 gallons, 

with a value of $1,261,473.

395 Administrative report [1886-87].

II. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 146-148, 1889. 

Details progress of work on mineral waters and mentions papers published during the year.

396 Administrative report [1887-88].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 9th Ann. Rept., pp. 111-114, 1889. 

Notes the preparation of a third paper on the statistics of mineral 

waters.

397 Administrative report [1888-89].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 10th Ann. Rept., pt, 1, pp. 130-132, 1890. 

Mentions the work of Charles W. Redmond on mineral waters (p. 132).

398 Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1888, pp. 623-630, 1890.

The production for 1888 is stated as 9,578,648 gallons. Its value was 

$1,679,302. Both production and value show an increase over previous 

year. Other statistics and a list of springs are given.

399 Administrative report [1889-90].

U. S. Geol. Surv., llth Ann. Rept., pt, 1, p. 82, 1891. 

Mentions his assignment to the Eleventh Census to take charge of 

mineral waters.

400 Administrative report [1890-91].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 12th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 91-92, 1891. 

Describes work on mineral waters for the Survey and for the Eleventh 

Census.

401 Administrative report [1891-92].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 13th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, p. 124, 1892. 

Describes work ou mineral water statistics.
FULLEK.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 63

 402 Peale (Albert C.). Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1889-90, pp. 521-536, 1892.

The number of springs reporting in 1889 was 258, their product 

12,780,471 gallons, and the value of the water $1,748,458. In 1890, 273 

springs reported an outputof 13,907,418 gallons, with a value of $2,600,750. 

Other statistics and lists of springs are given.

403 Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Snrv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1891, pp. 601-610, 1893. 

This year 288 springs, with a production of 18,392,732 and value of 

$2,996,259, reported. Lists of springs and detailed statistics are presented.

404 Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1892, pp. 823-834, 1893. 

In 1892 aggregate sales amounting to 21,876,604 gallons, with a value 

of $4,905,976, were reported by 283 springs. The usual statistics and 

lists of springs are included in the paper.

405 Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1893, pp. 772-794, 1894.

The number of springs reporting sales in 1893 was 330; the total 

amount sold, 23,544,495 gallons, and the value, $4,246,743. In addition 

to the usual statistics and list of commercial springs a list of springs used 

as resorts is given.

406 Natural mineral waters of the United States.

U. %S. Geol. Surv., 14th Ann. Rept,, pt. 2, pp. 49-88, 1894. 

Discusses the history (pp. 53-57), origin (pp. 58-59), flow (pp. 59-61), 

source of mineralization (p. 61), relation to geology and geologic structure (pp. 62-64), classification (pp. 64-68), temperature (p. 68), composition (pp. 69-73), distribution (pp. 73-80), and uses of springs (pp. 

80-81), and their development as resorts (pp. 81-88).

407 Mineral waters [1894].

V. S. Geol. Surv., 16th Ann. Rept,, pt. 4, pp. 707-721, 1895.

A large falling off of production due to business depression is recorded. 

Total shipments in 1894 were 21,569,608 gallons, with a value of $3,741,- 

846. Statistics of production, with summaries of exports and imports, 

are given.

408 Three Forks folio, Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 24, pp. 5, 1896.

Describes sulphated alkaline saline thermal waters at Ferris Hot 

Springs, which resemble the Carlsbad Sprudel Springs. Other hot 

springs are mentioned (p. 5).

409 Mineral waters [1895].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Kept., pt. 3, cont,, pp. 1025-1044, 1896.

Gives product for 1895 as 21,463,543 gallons, a loss of 106,665 gallons 

from that of the previous year. The value, however, increased from 

$3,741,846 to $4,254,237. The product by States from 1883 to 1895 (pp. 

1026-1031), lists of commercial springs (pp. 1031-1040), and statistics of 

imports and exports (pp. 1043-1044) are also given.
64 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

410 Peale (Albert C.). Mineral waters [1896],

TJ. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 5, cont., pp. 1369-1389,1897.

The statistics of production are given by States. The total sales in 

1896 amount to 25,795,312 gallons, with a value of $4,136,192. These 

figures show a marked increase in volume, but a slight decrease in 

value. Lists of commercial springs and figures showing exports and 

imports are presented.

4'11 Mineral waters [1897,].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt. 6, cont., pp. 659-685, 1898.

The year 1897 showed the largest number of springs yet reported, 

namely, 381. The production was 23,255,911 gallons, a slight decrease; 

but the value, which was §4,599,106, showed an increase over 1896. 

Production by States and districts, lists of commercial springs, and 

exports and imports are also given.

412 Mineral waters [I«y8j.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept., pt. 6, cont., pp. 747-769, 1899.

The output in 1898 is given as 28,853,464 gallons, with a value of 

$8,051,833, a large increase over 1897. Statistics of production by States, 

exports, imports, and lists of commercial springs are given.

413 Mineral waters [1899J.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 6, cont., pp. 597-622, 1900.

Gives the product for 1899 as 39,562,136 gallons, with a value of 

$6,948,030; an increase of 10,708,672 gallons and decrease of $1,103,803. 

The products by States and districts, lists of commercial springs, 

imports, and exports are given.

414 Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res." of U. S., 1900, pp. 899-905, 1901.

Gives statistics of production, export and import, placing the total 

output as 47,558,784 gallons, with a value of $6,245,172. The number of 

springs reporting waa 491.

415 [ ] Mineral waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1901, pp. 961-966, 1902.

Gives statistics of production and of exports and imports. The total 

output for the year is given as 55,771,188 gallons, with a value of 

$7,586,962. The number of springs reporting was 659.

416 [ ] Mineral waters [1902. J

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S. for 1902, pp. 993-1002, 1904.

Gives product for 1902 as 64,859,4ol gallons, with a value of $8,793,761. 

The number of springs (721), output, and value all show an increase 

over the previous year.

417 [ ] Mineral waters [1903.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S. for 1903, pp. 1137-1162, 1904.

The production of 725 springs is estimated at 51,242,757 gallons, 

valued at $9,041,078. The number of springs and value is the greatest 

ever recorded. A list of the springs of the United States is given.

418 Penrose, Jr. (R. A. F.). Mining geology of the Cripple Creek 

district, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 16th Ann. Rept., pt. 2, pp. 111-209, 1896. 

Considers the part of underground waters in ore deposition (p. 160).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 65

419 Feppel (S. V.). .Gypsum deposits in Ohio.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 223, pp. 38-44, 1904. 

Notes sulphuratted hydrogen in gypsum mines and bore holes (p. 39), 

and gives record of boring (p. 43).

420 Perkins (George H.). Vermont. [Town water supplies, analyses, 

and well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, 

pp. 73-93, 1904.

Gives tables showing sources of water of towns and cities (pp. 73-76), 

a large number of sanitary analyses of public and other supplies 

(pp. 77-81), tables and notes relating to wells (pp. 83-87), and to 

springs (pp. 87-93). The well data includes quality, yield, source of 

supply, and records; the spring data, yield, quality, source of water, 

temperature, and uses.

421 Perry (Thomas CX). Experiments with windmills.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 20, pp. 97, 

1899.

A general description of experiments resulting in several improvements in the methods of raising ground water by windmills.

422 Phinney (Arthur John). The natural-gas field of Indiana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., llth Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 579-742, 1891.

Gives a large number of boring records, mainly geological. Discusses 

the relation of water to oil and gas, noting the rise of salt water to an 

average level of 600 feet (pp. 654-655), and ascribes the change of surface 

waters to brines (p. 656). The Trenton limestone is a great reservoir 

for water under hydrostatic pressure (pp. 656-663), the flow depending 

on porosity (pp. 657-658). A table of water pressures is given (p. 663).

423 Firsson (Louis Valentine), Weed (Walter Harvey) and. Geology 

of the Castle Mountain mining district, Montana. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 139, p. 104, 1896. 

See Weed (Walter H.) and Pirsson (Louis Valentine).

424 Weed (Walter Harvey) and. Geology and mineral resources 

of the Judith Mountains of Montana. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept, pt. 3, pp. 437-616, 1897. 

See Weed (Walter Harvey) and Pirsson (Louis Valentine).

425 Plummer (Fred G). Mount Rainier Forest Reserve, Washington.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept, pt. 5, pp. 81-143, 1900. 

Describes soda-iron-sulphur springs, giving analysis (pp. 94-96).

426 Forest conditions in the Cascade Range, Washington.

TJ. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 6, p. 42, 1902.

Describes a number of important common and hot soda and sulphur 

springs and gives an analyses of the water. Hotels using the waters for 

medicinal and bathing purposes are located at Hot Springs and Madison 

(pp. 37-39).

IER 120 05 5
66 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPEES [NO. 120.

427 Flummer (Fred G.). Forest conditions in the Cascade Forest 

Reserve, Oregon: Central portion of Cascade Range Forest 

Reserve.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 9, pp. 71-146, 1903.

Describes Breitenbush Hot Springs, Belknap Springs, and other hot 

and sulphur springs used for bathing, etc. The spring deposits are also 

described and an analysis of the water given (pp. 77-78).

428 Introduction: Forest conditions in the San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserve, Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 22, pp. 11-35, 1904. 

Mentions the sparing occurrence of springs and the absorption of 

water by the lava beds (pp. 16, 31).

429 and G-owsell (M. G.). Forest conditions in the Lincoln 

Forest Reserve, New Mexico.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 33, 47 pp., 1904. 

Mentions mineral wells (p. 17) and contains important references to 

common wells at a number of places.

430 Fowell (John Wesley). Report of the Director [1883-84].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 5th Ann. Kept., pp. i-xxxvi, 1885. 

Mentions the work of Dr. A. C. Peale on the preparation of a bibliography of thermal springs.

431 Report of the Director [1885-86]: Work in the Division of 

Mining Statistics and Technology. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 7th Ann. Kept., pp. 38-39, 1888. 

The output of mineral waters in 1885 is given as 9,148,401^ gallons, 

with a value of $1,312,845.

432 Report of the Director [1886-87].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Kept., pp. 1-93, 1889.

Designates the work of Gooch and Whitfield on the mineral waters of 

the Yellowstone National Park as " the mo^t complete study of mineral 

waters of any locality with special reference to their agency in mineral 

formation ever placed on record " (p. 84). Gives the product of mineral 

waters for 1886 as 8,950,317 gallons, with a value of $1,284,070 (p. 86).

433 Report of the Director [1887-88].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 9th Ann. Kept., pp. 1-46, 1889.

Notes the progress of work in the Yellowstone National Park (p. 16), 

and mentions the work of A. C. Peale on mineral waters (p. 21). The 

product of mineral waters for 1887 is stated as 8,259,609 gallons, with a 

value of $1,261,473 (p. 26).

434 Report of the Director [1888-89].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 10th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 3-80, 1890.

Describes the work in Yellowstone National Park and notes changes 

and irregularites of geyser action. The discovery of the sulphide of 

arsenic in the spring waters is announced (pp. 24-25). The extravasation of thermal waters in Florida is mentioned (p. 33). The product of 

mineral waters for 1888 is given as 9,628,568 gallons, with a value of 

$1,709,302. ' 
FULLER.] ' RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 67

435 Powell (John Wesley.) United States Irrigation Survey, First 

Annual Report, 1888-89.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 10th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 123, 1890. 

Describes the transfer of surface streams to underground courses 

(p. 26).

436 Report of the Director [1889-90].

U. S. Geol. Surv., llth Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 1-30, 1891.

Gives the product of mineral waters in 1889 as 20,000,000 gallons, with 

a value of $3,000,000 (p. 20). Notes the discovery of oil and gas by 

borings suggested by the escape of gas from springs (p. 26).

437 United States Irrigation Survey, Second Annual Report,

1889-90.

U. S. Geol. Surv., llth Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 395, 1891.

Mentions and defines artesian reservoirs and "sand reservoirs" of 

underground waters (pp. 204-205). Notes the disappearance by absorption of Saginaches River of the Rio Grande Basin (p. 216). Describes 

the basins, water horizons, conditions, and sources of water of the 

artesian wells of the Dakotas (pp. 257-260), and makes a prediction that 

artesian reservoirs will not furnish important supplies for irrigation 

(p. 260). General artesian conditions, the Denver Basin of Colorado, 

the Dubuque wells of Iowa, the Chicago and Rockford wells of Illinois, 

the wells of Ohio and of Alabama are also considered (pp. 260-262). 

Other subjects discussed are irrigation from wells in Algeirs and other 

foreign countries, and the Dakota sandstone as a source of artesian 

waters. Lists of wells in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas are given and the prediction made that 

pump wells will prove of more ultimate value than artesian wells.

438 Report of the Director [1890-91],

U. S. Geol. Surv., 12th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 1-19, 1891. 

The output of mineral waters for 1890 is stated as 14,000,000 gallons, 

with a value of $2,000,000 (p. 15).

439 Report of the Director [1891-92].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 13th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 1-66, 1892. 

Describes investigations of temperatures in deep well at Wheeling, 

West Virginia (p. 37), and mentions work on underground waters in 

Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Montana, New Jersey, 

South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and Washington (pp. 33-34). The 

output of mineral waters for 1891 is given as 18,392,732 gallons, with a 

value of $2,996,259 (pp. 45, 51).

440 Report of the Director [1892-93].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 14th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 1-165, 1893.

Mentions the work of F. H. Newell on artesian and underground waters 

in South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas (p. 20), and of A. C. Peale on 

thermal and mineral springs (p. 25). The work of the Survey on 

geysers and hot springs, and on temperature observations in the Wheeling deep well is described (pp. 158-159). The unreliability of underflow is pointed out (p. 47).
68 BIBLIOGEAPHIC EEVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

441 Fowell (John Wesley). Report of the Director [1893-94].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 15th Ann. Kept, pp. 1-108, 1895.

Gives the production of mineral waters for 1893 as 23,544,495 gallons, 

with a value of $4,246,734 (p. 72). Contains an abstract of Bull. no. 108, 

"A geological reconnaissance in central Washington, by Israel C. Eussel" 

(p. 101).

442 Pressey, (Henry Albert). Hydrography of the southern Appalachian Mountain Region. Part 1.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 62, pp. 95, 

1902.

Describes or mentions springs of Grandfather Mountain, North Carolina (p. 19), Holsten River region, Tennessee (p. 40), Indian Creek, 

Tennessee (p. 54), Mill Creek, Virginia (p. 68), Hogthief Creek, Virginia (p. 74), and Watauga River, Tennessee (p. 82). The springs of 

Indian Creek are used for power (p. 54). An underground lakelet and 

sinks in the Watauga River region (p. 82) and sinks along Buffalo 

Creek, Tennessee (p. 87), are mentioned.

443 Hydrography of the southern Appalachian Mountain 

Region. Part 2.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 63, pp. 190, 

1902.

Notes common, hot, and mineral springs, and sinks of the French 

Broad in North Carolina and Tennessee (pp. 116-122) and describes the 

Piedmont mineral springs and others of Upper Creek, North Carolina 

(p. 156). Also refers to springs of Grandfather Mountain, North Carolina (p. 158).

444 - New York City folio, New York-New Jersey. Water supply 

of New York City.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 83, pp. 17-19, 1902.

Gives a history of the development of the public supplies, including 

descriptions of the early wells. Mentions the well supply of Elizabeth 

and notes the occurrence of strong wells in the Newark formation, as at 

Pattison. Describes the ground-water well supplies of Brooklyn and 

the boroughs of Queens and Richmond, and discusses the availability of 

the grouud water and streams of Long and Staten islands as sources of 

additional supplies.

445 Frosser (Charles S.) and Beede (J. W.). Cotton wood Falls 

folio, Kansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 109, pp. 6, 1904. 

Describes springs of Wriford limestone (p. 3).

446 Purdue (A. H.). Arkansas. [Well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

374-388, 1904.

Discusses the general underground water conditions (pp. 374-375) and 

gives tables and notes on wells (pp. 376-384) and springs (pp. 385-388). 

The well statistics include depth, head, yield, quality (including analyses), records, and uses; the spring data, temperature, quality (including 

analyses), yield, source, uses, etc.
PDLLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 69

447 Furington (Chester Wells). Preliminary report of the mining 

industries of the Telluride quadrangle, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 745-850, 1897.

Discusses the origin of heated waters and their work in vein formation 

(pp. 819-824), and considers the relation of ground-water level to mining (p. 826). Springs depositing iron oxides at Ophir Valley and in 

the La Plata Mountains are described (pp. 826-827).

R.

448 Raborg (William A.). Salt.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1886, pp. 628-641, 1887. 

The brines of the wells of Michigan and the springs and wells of New 

York are discussed.

449 Salt.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1887, pp. 610-625, 1888.

The brines of the wells of West Virginia and Ohio and of the springs 

and well? of New York are considered and analyses given of the Ohio 

waters.

450 Salt.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1888, pp. 597-612, 1890. 

Salt wells of New York and Kansas are listed and described and the 

composition of brines discussed.

451 Salt.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1889-1890, pp. 483-492, 1892. 

Gives information pertaining to the salt wells of Michigan and New 

York.

452 Rafter (George W.) Sewage irrigation.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 3, pp. 100, 

1897.

Discusses removal of suspended matter and bacteria of sewage waters 

in passage downward into the earth.

453 Sewage irrigation. Part 2.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 22, pp. 100, 

1899.

Gives mechanical analyses of sands in relation to their water-holding 

capacities (pp. 31-33).

454 Water resources of the State of New York. Part 1.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 24, pp. 99, 

1899.

Discusses the relation of character of rock to absorption of rainfall 

(pp. 21-22) and describes big springs near Morris Run, Wyoming 

County, and Canadaway Creek, Chautauqua County (pp. 93-94).

455 Water resources of the State of New York. Part 2.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 25, pp. 

100-200, 1899.

Describes leakage from Glen Falls, feeder of Erie Canal, into limestone, amounting to 53 per cent of volume (pp. 159-160), and discusses 

the loss of water by absorption, etc., from artificial channels (pp. 173- 

178). Describes the wells of Long Island, both deep and shallow, including the flowing wells of the Brooklyn Water Company and the 

wells of the sand areas (pp. 191-198).
(TO BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS two. 120.

456 Rafter (George W.). The relation of rainfall to run-off.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 80, pp. 

104, 1903.

Discusses the variations of level of ground water (p. 17), storage of 

water in soils, and feeding of streams (pp. 43^15) and movements of 

underground waters (p. 45). Underground streams or channels are 

noted in Mammoth and Lauray caves, and near Toyah Creek, Texas, 

and in the upper Mohawk region in Schoharie County, New York.

457 Ransome (Frederick Leslie), Turner (H. W.) and. Sonora folio, 

California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 41, pp. 7, 1897. 

See Turner (H. W.) and Ransome (F. L.).

458 Ransome (Frederick Leslie). Some lava flows of the western 

slope of the Sierra Nevada, California. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 89, pp. 74, 1898. 

Describes strong springs from andesitic breccias (p. 22).

459 and Turner (H. W.). Big trees folio, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 51, pp. 8, 1898. 

See Turner (H. W.) and Ransome (F. L.).

460 Ransome (Frederick Leslie). The ore deposits of the Rico 

Mountains, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 229-397, 1901. 

Regards the ores to have been derived from the rocks by percolating 

thermal waters (p. 302) and considers their deposition in blankets to 

have taken place when there was solution and caving of the gypsum 

beds, etc. (pp. 294-303).

461 A report on the economic geology of the Silverton quadrangle, Colorado.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 182, pp. 265, 1901.

Assigns the deposition of ores to ascending mineralized waters 

along fissures (p. 133) and discusses the descending sulphurous waters 

of the Red Mountain region (p. 135), the relation of ground waters to 

mining (p. 141), the mineral waters of mines (p. 113), and the ferruginous springs of the region. The limonite deposits of the last are 

described and an analyses of the waters given (pp. 113-114).

462 Geology of the Globe copper district, Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Professional Paper no. 12, pp. 168, 1903.

Ascribes origin of ore to deposition by ascending, originally meteoric, 

solutions. Original sulphides were later enriched by oxidation by 

superficial waters (pp. 128-132).

463 The geology and ore deposits of the Bisbee quadrangle, 

Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Professional Paper no. 21, pp. 168, 1904.

Gives a number of well sections (pp. 74-75), notes trouble with mine 

waters (p. 119), and discusses the relation of ground water to oxidation 

(pp. 145-146) and to ore deposition (pp. 134, 153-154).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 71

463a Ransome (Frederick Leslie). Globe folio. Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. Ill, pp. 17, 1904.

Notes the relation of underground waters to ore deposition (p. 16), and 

describes the absorption of streams and the occurrence of springs and 

wells (p. 17).

464 Lindgren (Waldemar) and. Keport of progress in the geological resurvey of the Cripple Creek district, Colorado. 

TJ. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 254, pp. 36, 1904. 

See Lindgren (Waldemar) and Ransome (Frederick Leslie).

465 Ransome (Frederick Leslie) Bisbee folio. Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 112, pp. 17, 1904.

Considers ground water and its relation to alteration of ores, discusses 

the part of water in ore formation, and describes the artesian waters, 

wells, and springs of the vicinity (pp. 16-17).

466 Reed (W. M.). Water storage on Hondo River, New Mexico.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Kept. Reclamation Service, pp. 380-387, 

1904. 

Notes importance of springs and artesian waters (p. 381).

467 Richardson (George B.). Indiana folio. Pennsylvania.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 102, pp. 7, 1904. 

Gives deep-well record (p. 2), describes the occurrence of artesian 

waters in synclines and their use for town supplies, etc. (p. 7).

468 Ries (Heinrich). The clays of the United States east of the Mississippi River.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 11, 298 pp., 1903.

Gives a number of sections of rocks, including clay shales in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia, some apparently being based 

in whole or in part on borings.

469 Rixon (Theodore F.), Dodwell (Arthur) and. Forest conditions in the Cascade Forest Reserve, Oregon; Cascade 

Range Forest Reserve between townships 18 and 29 south. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 9, pp. 147-227, 1903. See Dodwell 

(Arthur) and Rixon (Theodore F.).

470 Rixon (Theodore), Leiberg (John B.), and Dodwell (Arthur). 

Detailed description [of timber of townships]. Forest conditions in the San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserve, 

Arizona.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 22, pp. 35-91, 1904.

See Leiberg (John B.), Rixon (Theodore), and Dodwell (Arthur).

471 Rizer (H. C.) The United States Geological Survey; its origin, 

development, organization, and operations.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 227, 205 pp., 1904.

Notes the work of the section of chemistry on spring waters (p. 51), 

and gives an account of the early work of the Survey on underground 

waters and the organization and present work of the division of hydrology (PP- 84-88). Mention is made of work in New York, New Jersey, 

Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Arizona, 

California, and the Dakotas. A list of survey publications is appended.
72 BIBLIOGEAPHTC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

472 Robbins (S. B.) Reconnaissance on Musselshell River, [Montana].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Kept. Reclamation Service, pp. 252-254, 

1904.

Mentions the occurrence of springs, underflow, and waters available 

for shallow wells (p. 353).

573 Ross (D. W.). Investigations in Idaho.

U. S. Geol. Surv.,Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 174- 

176, 1904.

Notes the absorption of streams by great lava flows and the breaking 

out of springs in canyons (p. 174).

474 Russell (Israel Cook). Sketch of the geological history of Lake 

Lahontan.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 3d Ann. Kept, pp. 189-237, 1883. 

Discusses the theoretical structure of spring deposits as compared with 

Lake Lahonton deposits (p. 219).

475 A geological reconnaissance in southern Oregon. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 4th Ann. Kept., pp. 431-464, 1883. 

Describes the association of hot springs and faults in the Stein Mountains at Warner and Sumner lakes, and in Surprise Valley. Regards 

high temperature to have resulted from the arrested motion of orographic blocks, and that hot springs outside the volcanic areas may be 

taken as indicating recent faults (pp. 445-452).

476 Geological history of Lake Lahontari, a Quaternary lake of 

northwestern Nevada. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 11, pp. 288, 1885.

Discusses recent and extinct springs at some length (pp. 47-54), 

describing hillside and fissure types, hot springs and their deposits, temperature of springs, and composition (including analyses). The occurrence of springs on fault lines is noted (pp. 53, 276, 279, 283) and springs 

in lakes described (pp. 220-222). The chemistry of spring water and 

their gases, including analyses, is considered (pp. 175-178), and the tufa 

deposits mentioned (pp. 187, 220-222). Brines of wells and springs are 

also treated (pp. 232-235).

477 Quaternary history of Mono Valley, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 8th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 261-394, 1889.

Describes the numerous and copious cold and warm springs of the 

ordinary and of the fissure or fault type, giving analyses. The sublacustral springs forming strong eddies in the lake and building up tufa cones 

are of special interest. In general the waters are pure and deposits are 

not now forming. One spring is frequently sufficient to irrigate several 

acres. The hot springs are taken to indicate that the volcanic energy 

which resulted in the extrusion of the Mono craters is not yet entirely 

dissipated (pp. 285, 287, 292, 373).

478 Subaerial decay of rocks and origin of the red color of certain formations.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 52, pp. 65, 1889.

The hard and brackish quality of water in wells near trap dikes is 

noted (p. 17) and the action of percolating waters in the decay of rocks 

considered (p. 30).
FULLEB.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 73

479 Russell (Israel Cook). Correlation papers. The Newark system.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 85, pp. 344, 1892.

Gives shaft and boring sections at Carbon Hill and Midlothian, Virginia (p. 39).

480 A geological reconnoissance in central Washington. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 108, pp. 108, 1893.

The investigation was undertaken to determine the prospects for artesian waters. The paper describes the existing wells and the stratigraphy, 

structure, etc., affecting artesian prospects. The lavas beneath the clays 

are tilted and broken, and broad basins are impossible, although local 

basins in or above the basalt are described. The water beds are also 

tapped occasionally by drainage. Among the topics considered are flowing and deep wells (pp. 13, 39, 44), well sections (p. 56), fissures and 

faults in relation to springs and artesian wells (pp. 35, 40, 59), principles 

of artesian water (pp. 32-36), artesian prospects (pp. 39, 50, 63, 66), 

putrefaction by percolating waters (p. 47), location of test wells (p. 50), 

artesian water of Moxee Valley and its source (pp. 53-60), temperature 

of waters (p. 59), and waters of the John Day beds (p. 36).

481 A reconnoissance in southeastern Washington.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 4, pp. 96,1897.

Discusses artesian principles (pp. 75-78) and local conditions (pp. 70, 

78), and describes wells in basalt (pp. 49, 79-83), alluvium (p. 85), and 

the infiltration works at Walla Walla (p. 86). Concludes that the artesian area in Palouse region may be extended westward, but that successful wells are not likely in the uplands south of Snake River, and prospects are doubtful in the canyons. The conditions in the valley of the 

Walla Walla, however, are more favorable.

482 Water resources of a portion of southeastern Idaho.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. 421-430, 1901.

Describes the physical characters of the region and notes the occurrence of large springs (p. 427). Discusses the occurrence of artesian 

waters between or beneath the deformed lava beds of the Snake River 

region (pp. 428-430).

483 Geology and water resources of Nez Perce County, Idaho. 

Part 1.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 53, pp. 85,1901.

This paper is devoted mainly to the discussion of topography, geology, 

and soils. Wells are described on pages 15, 36, and 38, and springs on 

pages 20, 27, 33, 36, 38, 39, 80, and 81. The water capacity of the lava 

(p. 32) and the water sheets are mentioned in connection with the 

descriptions of the geologic formations, and the artesian areas are 

defined (pp. 35,40-42). Solution basins are mentioned (pp. 83-84).

484 Geology and water resources of Nez Perce County, Idaho. 

Part 2.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 54, pp. 

54-141, 1901.

Among the topics discussed are springs (pp. 96-97), horizontal wells 

(pp. 98-101), artesian well principles (pp. 101-104), artesian basins 

(pp. 104-115), methods of well construction (pp. 109-110, 115-119), 

bibliography of artesian waters (pp. 130-131), temperatures (pp. 106, 

109), and regulation of flow (pp. 118-119).
74 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

485 Russell (Israel Cook). Geology and water resources of the Snake 

River plains of Idaho.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 199, pp. 192, 1902.

In addition to the geology the following topics are considered: (1) 

Springs, including spring conditions as represented by hillside, canyon, 

fissure, and cavern types (pp. 149-152, 162-171), together with their 

temperature and relation to geology (pp. 152-154); (2) artesian conditions (pp. 156-8); (3) surface, rock, and artesian wells, including records 

and temperature (pp. 173-178), imperfections of casing, etc. (p. 178); 

(4) The Lewis artesian basin (p. 178); (5) the Shoshone artesian slope 

(p. 180); (6) the flowing wells of the alluvium (p. 181); and the 

probable conditions beneath the eastern portion of the plains (p. 183). 

The full water supply is not yet developed, the streams not all being 

utilized. Wells are advised in Lewis and Shoshone basins and at 

"Hagerman bend," but great care should be taken to properly test 

each stratum and to see that the wells are properly cased (p. 184-185).

486 Preliminary report on artesian basins of southwestern Idaho 

and southeastern Oregon.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 78, pp. 53, 

1903.

Discusses briefly the essential conditions (pp. 10-14) and surface indications (pp. 14-15) of artesian flows, and gives detailed descriptions of 

the wells and springs of the Lewis, Otis, Harney, and Whitehouse basins 

(pp. 24-44), and of wells in alluvium (pp. 44-45). The geology of the 

region (pp. 16-24), the proper size and casing of wells (pp. 45-47), and 

existing and proposed laws are also considered (pp. 47-49), and a bibliography of important papers on underground waters given (pp. 50-51).

487 Notes on the geology of southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 217, pp. 83, 1903.

Describes common and hot springs and artesian wells, the waters of 

which are used for irrigation, baths, and heating purposes (pp. 23-24). 

The Lewis, Otis, Harney, and Whitehouse artesian basins are discussed, 

and their wells, prospects, and the relation of the water to petrology 

considered (pp. 25,69-79).

488 Preliminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho 

and southeastern Oregon.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 78, pp. 53, 

1903.

The springs and wrells, including the volume, temperature, and use of 

well water for irrigation are considered for the Lewis, Otis, Harney, and 

Whitehouse artesian basins (pp. 24-44). Special subjects discussed are 

artesian conditions (pp. 10-14), surface indications of water (pp. 14-15), 

geology of supplies (pp. 16-24), artesian wells in alluvium (pp. 44-45), 

well construction (pp. 45-46), necessity of records (pp. 46-47), needed 

laws (pp. 47-49), and literature relating to underground waters 

(pp. 50-51).
PULLER.] RELATING TO UNDEEGEOUKD WATEES. 75

489 Russell (W. G.). Investigations in Kansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Eept. Reclamation Service, 1902-3, pp. 326, 

1904.

Describes two artesian wells at Meade, Kansas (p. 1327), and mentions 

springs in Cimarron Eiver Valley.

S.

490 Salisbury (R. D.) Chamberlin (T. C.) and. Preliminary paper 

on the Driftless Area of the upper Mississippi Valley.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 6th Ann. Eept., pp. 199-322, 1885. 

See Chamberlin (T. C.) and Salisbury (E. D.).

491. Schmeckebier (L. F.). Catalogue and index of the publications 

of the Ha3Tden, King, Powell, and Wheeler Surveys.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 222, pp. 208, 1904.

The subject index includes entries of water analyses, artesian waters, 

artesian wells, springs, and other subjects relating to underground waters.

492. Shaler (Nathaniel S.). Report on the geology of Marthas 

Vineyard.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 7th Ann. Eept., pp. 297-363, 1888.

Mentions sulphur and chalybeate springs in the Tertiary clays at Gay 

Head and estimates that a flow of several thousand gallons per minute 

could be developed by proper methods.

493 The geology of Nantucket.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 53, pp. 55, 1889.

Mentions the springs near Polpis Harbor (p. 17) and notes the absorption of water by the gravels (pp. 14, 17, 19).

494 The origin and nature of soils.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 12th Ann. Eept, pt. 1, pp. 213-345, 1891.

Among the points discussed are: Eelations of ground-water to soils 

(pp. 254-255), formation of caverns (p. 256), hot spring conditions (p. 

258), rise of water by capillarity (p. 259), chemical character of ground 

water (pp. 260, 294), effect of variations of water level on soils (pp. 261, 

341), crusts formed by the evaporation of ground water (p. 307), and 

contamination of well supplies (pp. 342).

495 The glacial brick clays of Rhode Island and southeastern 

Massachusetts: Origin and character of the clays.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Eept., pt. 1, pp. 957-974, 1896.

Describes the mud springs or mud volcanoes in the clays and ascribes 

them to the escape of gases arising from the decay of buried vegetable 

matter (p. 971).

496 Geology of the Cape Cod district.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann Kept, pt. 2, pp. 497-593, 1897.

Mentions or describes the springs near Woods Holl, and the wells of 

the outwash plains, especially those at Barnstable and Harwich (pp. 

529-534).
T6 . BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS INO. 120.

497 Shepard (Edward M.). Missouri. [Wells and spring records.] 

U. S Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

389-440, 1904.

Considers briefly the general underground water conditions (p. 389) 

and gives tablesand notes on wells (pp. 390-416) and springs (pp. 416-440). 

The well data include depth, head, source, temperature, yield, quality 

(including analyses), records and uses; the spring data, temperature, 

quality (including analyses), yield, source, uses, etc.

498 Shrader (Frank C.). A reconnaissance of a part of N Prince William Sound and the Copper River district, Alaska, in 1898.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept, pt. 7, pp. 341-423, 1899.

Describes the occurrence at a Prince William Sound village of a spring 

containing sulphides of iron, cobalt, and possibly lead in solution, which 

caused much sickness and death and finally led to the removal of the 

village.

499 Slichter (Charles S.). Theoretical investigation of the motion of 

ground waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 295-384, 1897.

This paper is a technical discussion of the movements of ground water, 

including general laws (pp. 329-333), laws of rectilinear flow through 

soil (pp. 305-323), motion in horizontal planes (pp. 333-344), motion 

in vertical planes (pp. 351-358), and flow and interference of artesian 

wells in groups (pp. 358-380). A number of valuable tables and a bibliography are given.

500 The motions of underground waters.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 67, pp. 106, 

1902.

The paper is a theoretical discussion, accompanied by records of 

experiments and tables. The following topics are considered: Amount 

of underground waters (pp. 13-15), permeability and porosity of rocks 

(pp. 15-17), cause and method of determining flow (pp. 17-30), underground drainage basins and shape of water table (pp. 31-38), chlorine 

method of measuring rate of underflow (pp. 46-48), electrical apparatus 

for determining underflow (pp. 48-51), deep water bearing zones, including Dakota and Potsdam horizons (pp. 52-60), recovery of water by 

wells and springs with discussions of contamination, variation of supply 

and of water table (pp. 61-73), use of collecting galleries and subsurface 

dams (pp. 73-78), and the capacity, measurement of flow, interference, 

and failure of artesian wells, with descriptions of the wells at Savannah, 

Georgia (pp. 79-102).

501 Smith (Eugene A.) and Johnson (Lawrence C.). Tertiary and 

Cretaceous strata of the Tuscaloosa, Tombigbee, and Alabama rivers.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 43, pp. 189, 1887.

Mentions or describes artesian borings at Bladen Springs, Alabama 

(pp. 17,67), Livingston, Alabama (pp. 18,84), and at Meridian, Mississippi (p. 17).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 77

502 Smith. (Eugene A.). Alabama. [Well records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

276-331, 1904.

Considers briefly the general underground water conditions and gives 

a large amount of well data, including records, source, head, yield, temperature, quality, analyses, uses, etc.

503 Smith. (George Otis), Tower (George Warren) and. Geology and 

mining industry of the Tintic district, Utah.

See Tower (George Warren) and Smith (George Otis).

504 Smith (George Otis). Tintic Special folio, Utah. Geography 

and geologjr.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 65, pp. 1-4, 1900. 

Notes the occurrence of springs and the underflow supplies of the 

mines and mills (p. 1).

505 Geolog}' and water resources of a portion of Yakima County, 

Washington.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 55, pp. 68, 

1901.

Gives detailed discussions of geology and geography (pp. 12-25) and 

considers the Atanum-Moxee, Wenas-Selah, Eye Grass Flat, Coweche 

Valley, and other artesian basins in more or less detail (pp. 40-48). 

The source (pp. 55-56) and conditions (pp. 37-39) of ground and 

artesian waters, their use for irrigation (pp. 53-54), the transfer movement between basins (p. 57), temperature (pp. 58-62), permanency of 

supply (p. 62), decrease of pressure (pp. 62-63), precautions to be 

observed (p. 63), and the occurrence of springs (pp. 43, 63) are also 

considered.

506 Ellensburg folio, Washington.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 86, pp. 7, 1903.

Discusses essential artesian conditions and describes the Atanum, 

Wide Hollow, and Moxee Valley artesian basins. Good but not 

unlimited supplies can probably be obtained. The deep wells, some of 

which are thermal, and the shallow wells, supplied by underflow from the 

streams, are considered, as is also the occurrence of springs throughout 

the quadrangle (pp. 6-7).

507 Mount Stuart folio, Washington.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 106, 10 pp., 1904. 

Discusses the occurrence of ground water and springs (10. p).

508 Smith (H. L.), Clements (J. M.), and. Crystal Fails ironbearing district of Michigan.

See Clements (J. M.), and Smith (H. L.)

509 Smith (William Sidney Tangier). A geological sketch of San 

Clemente Island, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 459-496, 1897. 

Notes the occurrence of alkaline springs and mentions the penetration 

of sea water into wells (p. 465).
78 ' BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

510 Smith (William Sidney Tangier). Lead and .zinc deposits of the 

Joplin district, Missouri-Kansas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 197-204, 1903.

Discusses the relation of the occurrence of ores to ground-water level 

and the part played by underground waters in ore deposition (pp. 200- 

203).

511 Lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits of western Kentucky: The 

veins and vein minerals.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 210-213, 1903. 

Notes the relation of ground water to the ores.

512 Hartville folio, Wyoming.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 91, p. 6, 1903. 

Considers briefly the prospects for artesian wells (p. 1).

513 Barton (N. H.) and. Edgemont folio, South DakotaNebraska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 108, pp. 10, 1904. 

See Barton (N. H.) and Smith (W. S. Tangier).

514: Smith (William Sidney Tangier). Wells of Joplin [Missouri] 

and vicinity.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

404-408, 1904.

Gives records and analyses of waters.

515 Smyth (Henry Lloyd). The Marquette iron-bearing district of 

Michigan: The Republic trough.

U.S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 28, pp. 525-553, 1897. 

Ores are considered to be in part original and in part concentrated from 

carbonates by circulating waters with removal of silica (pp. 551-553).

516 Spencer (Arthur Coe). Geology of the Rico Mountains, Colorado : Erosion of Rico Dome and recent geological history. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 152-165, 1900. 

Describes calcareous and ferruginous spring deposits and the occurrence of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide gases (pp. 163-165).

517 The copper deposits of the Encampment district, Wyoming.

U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper no. 25, pp. 107, 1904.

Discusses the occurrence of ground waters in the mining district (pp. 

44-45) and their relation to metamorphism (p. 36) and to ore deposition 

(pp. 44, 58-60,69-70, 80-82).

518 Spurr (Josiah Edward). Economic geology of the Mercur mining 

district, Utah.

U.S. Geol. Surv., 16th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 343-455, 1896. 

Discusses agency of hot waters and fumerolic gases in ore deposition 

(pp.449-453, etc.).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 79

519 Spurr (Josiah Edward). Geology of the Aspen mining district, 

Colorado, with atlas.

U.S.Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 31, 260pp. 1898.

Describes the solution and alteration of dolomites, etc., especially the 

Weber limestone, by percolating waters (pp.24,30-31) and discusses 

the action of ground water in the processes of dolomitization, silicification, and ferration (pp. 208-223). Ore deposition is ascribed to ascending heated waters (p. 232). An analysis of spring water is given (p.213.)

520 Ore deposits of Monte Cristo, Utah.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 777-865, 1901.

Ascribes the ore deposition to circulating underground waters (p. 835), 

and describes the relation of ground-water level to ores (pp. 858-859). 

Many incidental references to the character of the solutions are given.

521 Ore deposits of Tonopah and neighboring districts, Nevada. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. No. 213, pp. 81-87, 1903. 

Describes hot springs near Silver Peak (p. 86).

522 Preliminary report on the ore deposits of Tonapah, Nevada.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 89-110, 1904.

Discusses relation of ore deposits to hot-spring action (p. 99), and 

notes the action of circulating ground waters on cementation (p. 105) 

and oxydation (p. 106).

523 Stockton (Fred). Timbered areas and water supply on headwaters of Henry Fork and Fall River [Idaho].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Kept. Reclamation Service, 1902-3, pp. 

291-295, 1904. 

Describes character of springs of the district (p. 295).

524 Stone (George H.). The glacial gravels of Maine and their associated deposits.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 34, 499 pp., 1899.

Discusses the transportation and erosion of fine material by subterranean streams and springs, the development of "gravel in till," and 

the erosion about springs (pp. 18-20). The method of erosion about 

springs is considered (pp. 64-67), and its importance in the development of valleys noted. The effect on ice sheets of springs beneath their 

base is discussed (pp. 305, 307).

525 Stone (Ralph W.). Oil and gas fields of eastern Greene County, 

Pennsj^lvania.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 396-412, 1904. 

Discusses relation of water, oil, and gas (p. 407), and notes the 

occurrences of salt water in wells (pp. 410-412).

526 Storrs (H. "A.). Electrical transmission of power for pumping. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 237- 

240, 1904. 

Points out use of electric power for pumping from wells (p. 237).
80 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

527 Storrs (H. A.). Power development.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 311- 

314, 1904.

Considers ground water as a source of water for pumping for irrigation (pp. 313-314).

528 Stout (O. V. P.). Ground water at Kearney, Nebraska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 4, pp. 216-217, 1900.

Discusses the peculiar variations of the wells, considering the influence 

of temperature, river level, direction of wind, barometric pressure, etc. 

No satisfactory explanation has been found for certain of the variations.

529 - Reclamation and water storage in Nebraska.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 276- 

284, 1904.

Notes the extensive absorption of rain water in the sand-hill region of 

the North Platte (p. 283).

530 Struthers (Joseph). Salt [1901].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1901, pp. 853-866, 1902. 

Gives production of salt from wells, springs, and other sources for the 

year 1901.

531 Bromine [1901].

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., 1901, pp. 867-868, 1902. 

Gives production of bromine as a by-product of brines, etc., for the 

year 1901.

532 Bromine.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res. of U. S., for 1902, pp. 897-898, 1904. 

Describes briefly the occurrence of brines in Michigan.

533 Sudworth (George B.). Stanislaus and Lake Tahoe Forest 

Reserves, California and adjacent territory. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 5, pp. 499-561, 1900. 

The failure of springs and wells at certain times is mentioned (p. 508).

534 Swendsen (G. L.). Investigations in Utah.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Rept., Reclamation Service, 1902-3, pp. 

450-486, 1904. 

Mentions the occurrence of big springs in body of Bear Lake (p. 476).

T.

535 Taylor (Thomas U.). The Austin dam.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 40, pp. 52, 

1900.

Notes the passage of a stream of water through the limestone beneath 

the dam, and quotes R. T. Hill on the local geology, including the occurrence of limestone cavities and the passage of water along the fault 

beneath the dam.
FULLER.] BELATIISTG TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 81

536 Taylor (Thomas U.). Irrigation systems of Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 71, pp. 137, 

1902.

This paper gives detailed descriptions of the Trans-Pecos, Pecos, 

Edwards Plateau, San Antonio, Nueces, Leona, Eio Grande and Colorado irrigation systems, with special attention to the systems used in 

the irrigation of rice. In connection with the discussion many large 

springs and deep-flowing and nonflowing wells are mentioned and 

described, especially those near San Antonio. Among the large springs 

are Tayah (p. 15)., San Pedro (p. 19), Santa Rosa (p. 19),San Saba (p. 30), 

Connel (p. 40), and the springs of Big Bend Eiver (pp. 19-21), Pecos 

Valley (p. 21), Edwards Plateau (p. 25), Del Rio (p. 25), Cienagas and 

Mud creeks (p. 27), Las Moras Creek (p. 29), Upper Nueces (p. 42), 

Kerr County (p. 42), Bailey Creek (p. 46), Kyac Creek (p. 46), South 

Llano River (p. 48), and vicinity of San Antonio (p. 52).

537 The water powers of Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 105, pp. 116, 

1904.

Considers the artesian wells at San Antonio (pp. 23-25) and describes 

in some detail with illustrations the numerous large springs giving rise 

to the streams. Their use for irrigation and power is also considered 

and measurements of flow given.

538 Todd (James Edward). The moraines of the Missouri Coteau and 

their attendant deposits.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 144, pp. 71, 1896.

Notes the valuable springs of the Koto Hills (p. 20), and the spring 

and traverture deposits of the Pierre formation (p. 56). A number of 

well records, mainly shallow, are given (pp. 58-61).

539 The moraines of southeastern South Dakota and their attendant deposits.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 158, pp. 171, 1899.

Describes copious springs of Jerauld County and considers the source 

of the water, the effect of decomposing pyrite on its character, and its 

association with landslides (pp. 19-21). The flowing wells from the 

gravels near Diana and Forrestburg and from the Dakota formation are 

discussed (p. 125). A considerable number of well records, mainly 

shallow, are given (pp. 49-51, 73, 74,120).

540 Geology and water resources of a portion of southeastern 

South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 34, pp. 34, 

1900.

Gives a map showing depth of artesian water and describes the waters 

from the stream deposits, drift, and Dakota sandstone. The pressure 

and variations of wells through interference, barometric pressure, difference in depths of supplies, leakage, etc., are considered and hints relating to well construction and the securing of permanent supplies are 

given (pp. 26-31). A number of springs are noted (pp. 23,24, 26).

JBR 120 05 6
82 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

541 Todd (James Edward). Olivet folio, South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of TL S., folio no. 96, 1903. 

Gives a number of well sections (pp. 1-2) and considers surface 

waters, springs, and underground waters, including waters of the drift 

(pp. 4-5). The artesian supplies of the Niobrara and Dakota formations, artesian pressure and its fluctuation, variations due to temperature, 

barometric pressure, and leakage, amount of flow, future prospects, and 

methods of well construction are also treated (pp. 5-6). Maps showing 

depths of drift, flowing areas of Pleistocene formations, areas of flowing 

and nonflowing rock wells, contours of water surface, etc., are given.

542 Parker folio, South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas'of U. S., folio no. 97, pp. 6, 1903.

Gives well sections (pp. 1-2). Describes surface waters, including 

streams, springs, and lakes (p. 4), and subterranean waters (pp. 4-5). 

Under the latter heading shallow wells, tubular wells, wells of the drift 

and Dakota sandstone, and supplies of Dakota waters, including flow, 

quality, pressure, and decline are considered. A map showing depths 

of the drift and a map giving areas of Pleistocene flows, of areas of flowing and nonflowing Dakota water, and contours of water surface are 

 included.

543 Mitchell folio, South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 99, pp. 7, 1903.

Gives several well sections (pp. 2-3) and describes surface and underground waters, including those reached by shallow and tubular wells. 

The amount, quality, pressure, and decline of artesian water is considered, and maps showing depths of drift, depths of Sioux quartzite, 

areas of flows from the drift and from Benton and Dakota formations, 

and contours of the Sioux quartzite and of artesian head are given.

544 and Hall (C. M.). Alexandria folio, South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 100, pp. 6, 1903.

Gives artesian well sections (p. 2). Considers surface waters, streams, 

springs, shallow and tubular wells, wells of Bentoii and Dakota formations, and flow, quality, and pressure of the waters (pp. 4-6). A drift 

map giving data in regard to shallow wells, a map showing depths to the 

Sioux quartzite, and a map showing Pleistocene, Benton, and Dakota 

areas of flowing wells, of Dakota pumping wells, and contours showing 

head of water are also given.

545 and Hall (C. M.). Geology and water resources of part of 

the lower James River Valley, South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 90, pp. 47, 

1904.

Describes the Dakota (pp. 14-18), Benton (pp. 18-19), and Niobrara 

(p. 20) water horizons, and gives a large number of well and other 

records (pp. 11, 15-17, pis. 8-21). Springs (pp. 35-36), shallow and 

pump wells (pp. 36-39), flowing wells (pp. 39-43), decline in pressure 

(pp. 42-43), and waste of water (p. 43), are discussed. Maps showing 

the geology, depth of Dakota sandstone, depth of drift, bed-rock contours, and of flowing and nonflowing areas accompany the paper.
FULLER.] EELATING TO UKDEKGKOUND WATEBS. 83

546 Todd (James E.). Well records in Lyon County, Minnesota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, p. 481, 

1904. 

Gives table of records, including depth, head, quality, and yield.

547 Huron folio, South Dakota.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 113, pp. 6, 1904.

Discusses occurrence of underground waters, springs, and shallow, 

tubular, and artesian wells (pp. 4-5). Waters are obtained from the 

drift, Pierre clay, and Benton and Dakota sandstones. A section showing the occurrence of artesian waters, sketch maps showing thickness of 

drift and depth of Sioux quartzite, and an artesian water-map showing 

flowing Dakota and drift areas, and the contours of the Sioux quartzite 

or of the granite are given.

548 Tower (George Warren), Emmons (Samuel Franklin) and. 

Butte special folio, Montana. 

See Emmons (Samuel Franklin) and Tower (George Warren).

549 and Smith (George Otis). Geology and mining industry of 

the Tintic district, Utah.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 601-767, 1898.

Considers the springs of the district, the relation of the mines to 

ground water, and the water supply furnished by wells in alluvium. 

In the limestone, fissures conduct water to the syncline, mines in the 

higher portions of the limestone being dry. Water in monzonite does 

not penetrate so deeply as in limestone (p. 612). The supplies of the 

mills are from wells (p. 614). The ores, both in the sedimentary and 

igneous rock, were deposited by circulating alkaline sulphide solutions 

with temperatures of 200° (pp. 714-715). Alteration of ore deposits by 

vadose waters is considered (p. 719).

550 Tucker (Frederick de L. Booth). Colonization.

TJ. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 93, pp. 122- 

126, 1904. 

Notes utilization of underflow for irrigation in India (p. 122).

551 Turner (H. W.). Jackson folio, California.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of TJ. S., folio no. 11, pp. 6, 1894. 

Describes caves with stalactites (p. 3) and notes a number of deep 

borings (p. 4).

552 and Lindgren (Waldemar). Marysville folio, California. 

See Lindgren (Waldemar) and Turner. (H. W.).

553 Downieville folio, California.

TJ. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of TJ. S., folio no. 37, pp. 8, 1897.

Describes the occurrence of warm springs along the fissures of the 

earthquake of 1876, and mentions the Sulphur Spring resort and the 

artesian wells of the west side of the Sierra Valley (p. 8).

554 and Ransome (F. L.). Sonora folio, California.

TJ. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 41, pp. 7, 1897. 

Notes the occurrence of solution caverns in the limestone of the Calaveras formation (p. 2),
84 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

555 Turner (H. W.), and Ransome (F. L.). Big Trees folio, California. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of TJ. S., folio no. 51, pp. 8, 1898. 

Notes the formation of salt by the evaporation of water seeping 

through rock into glacial pot holes (p. 7).

IT.

556 Udden (J. A.). On account of the Paleozoic rocks explored by 

deep borings at Hock Island, Illinois, and vicinity.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Kept, pt. 2, pp. 829-849, 1896.

Includes descriptions of wells in Devonian limestone, Niagara limestone, Hudson River shales, Galena limestone, Trenton limestone, St. 

Peters sandstone, Lower Magnesian limestone, and Potsdam formation.

557 Ulrich (Edward O.). Lead, zinc, and fluor spar deposits of western Kentucky. Geology and general relations. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 205-210, 1903. 

Notes the occurrence of channels of underground waters along fracture 

lines (p. 210).

558 Hayes (C. Willard) and. Columbia folio, Tennessee. 

See Hayes (C. Willard) and Ulrich (Edward O.).

559 TTpham (Warren). The upper beaches and deltas of the Glacial 

Lake Agassiz.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 39, pp. 84, 1887.

Contains references to a considerable number of wells, mainly shallow, 

giving information relating to glacial deposits.

560 The Glacial Lake Agassiz.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 25, 658 pp., 1895.

Discusses the common and artesian wells of the Red River Valley 

(pp. 523-581), considering the sources of fresh, alkaline, and saline 

waters, the use of water for irrigation, and the waters of the Dakota sandstone. The wells in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Manitoba are described. There are also a large number of incidental references to wells, 

brines, the Dakota sandstone, and springs, many of which are noted in 

the index. The occurrence of gases in water is mentioned (pp. 553-569)

V.

561 Van Hise (Charles Richard). Principles of pre-Cambrian North 

American geology.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 16th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 571-874, 1896.

Notes the closing of physical pores in rocks by pressure below depths 

of 10,000 meters, but states that rock-inclosed liquid-filled cavities can 

exist at an indefinite depth, or at least to a depth where the liquid and 

rock are miscible in all proportions (pp. 589-593).

562 The Marquette iron-bearing district of Michigan. Lower 

Marquette series.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 28, pp. 221-407, 1897. 

The iron ores are regarded as in part original and in part derived 

through secondary enrichment by downward moving waters of lean, 

cherty carbonate of lime, the silica being removed (pp. 401-405).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 85

563 Van Hise (Charles Richard), Leith (C. K.), and Clements (J. Morgan). Iron-ore deposits of Lake Superior region.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Rept., pt. 3, pp. 305-434, 1900.

The accumulation of the Lake Superior iron ores is attributed to 

descending underground-waters (pp. 226-228,323,419), the action of 

water in the ore accumulation in the different ranges being considered, 

as follows: Penokee-Gogebic (pp. 348-351), . Mesabe (pp. 367-369), 

Marquette (pp. 381-383), Menominee (pp. 396-400), and Vermilion 

(pp. 407-408).

564 Van Hise (C. R.). Preliminary report on the lead and zinc 

deposits of the Ozark region. Introduction. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22d Ann. Rept., pt. 2, pp. 33-60, 1901. 

Ascribes the segregation of zinc in the Silurian limestones of the Mississippi Valley and in Missouri and Arkansas to artesian circulation, 

deposition taking place in crevices, joints, and cavities. The nature of 

the solutions is discussed.

565 A treatise on metamorphism.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 47, pp. 1286, 1904.

In this elaborate treatise, ground waters and their part in metamorphism are considered at great length. The crust is divided into two 

great zones according to nature of metamorphism, the first known as 

the zone of katamorphism and the second as the zone of anamorphism. 

The zone of katamorphism is further divided into an upper belt of 

weathering and a lower belt of cementation. Among the special points 

considered are (1) rock openings, including bedding planes, joints, 

faults, fissility, spaces in fragmental rocks, and openings in lavas; (2) 

waters of the belt of weathering, including a discussion of the water 

table, amount and source of water circulation, and fluctuations depending on barometric pressure, temperature, precipitation, seepage, evaporation, uplift, subsidence, influence of man, etc.; (3) \vaters of the belt of 

cementation, including circulation, temperature, and work; (4) waters 

of the zone of anamorphism, including quality, circulation, limits of 

depth, and work; (5) the part of water in ore formation; and (6) 

source of subterranean gasses associated with waters. The portions 

bearing on the circulation are especially pertinent.

566 Vaughan (Thomas Wayland) Hill (Robert T.) and. Nueces folio, 

Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 42, pp. 4, 1898. 

See Hill (Robert T.) and Vaughan (T. Wayland).

567 Geology of the Edwards Plateau and Rio Grande Plain adjacent to Austin and San Antonio, Texas, with reference to 

the occurrence of underground water. 

See Hill (Robert T.) and Vaughan (T. Wayland).

568 Vaughan (Thomas Wayland). Reconnaissance in the Rio Grande 

coal fields of Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 164, pp. 100, 1900.

Notes the relation of the San Felipe Spring to joints (p. 16). Describes or gives section of artesian wells or borings at Sail to Tomas, 

Carrizo Springs, and near the Rio Grande (pp. 25, 37, 41-44, 50-51). 

The Carrizo sand as a source of water is mentioned (p. 37)'.
86 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPEKS [NO. 120.

569 Vaughan (Thomas Wayland). Uvalde folio, Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S. folio, pp. 7, no. 64, 1900. 

Mentions the caves of the Edwards limestone (p. 1) and describes the 

numerous springs at the base of the Leona formation. The waters are 

used for irrigation. The springs are not associated with faults (p. 6). 

There are at present no artesian wells, but artesian water may possibly 

be found in the Glen Rose formation, but the absence of springs makes 

this seem improbable. The wells in the surficial deposits, basalt, and 

in the sedimentary formations including the Glen Rose, Edwards, and 

My rick are discussed (pp. 5-6).

570 Hill (Robert T.) and. Austin folio, Texas.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 76, pp. 8, 1902. 

See Hill (Robert T.) and Vaughan (T. Wayland).

W.

571 Walcott (Charles Doolittle). Administrative report [1893-94].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 15th Ann. Rept., pp. 129-144, 1895. 

Mentions work of G. K. Gilbert on artesian waters of Pueblo quadrangle 

of Colorado (p. 136).

572 Report of the Director [1894-95].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 16th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 1-130, 1896.

Notes the work of N. H. Darton on artesian prospects of the Atlantic 

Coastal Plain" (p. 23); of Frank Leverett on the water supply of the 

drift; of R. T. Hill on the artesian waters of Texas (pp. 27, 48); of Lawson on those of San Francisco Bay, and of F. H. Newell on artesian wells 

in general (p. 45). Investigations of artesian waters and springs in the 

Nepesta and Apeshapa quadrangles, Colorado (p. 25-26) and in the deep 

wells of North Dakota (p. 48) are also mentioned. The laws governing 

artesian investigations are quoted (p. 43), and the measurement of springs 

in Texas mentioned (p. 48). The output of mineral waters is given as 

21,569,608 gallons, with a value of $3,741,846.

573 Report of the Director [1895-96].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 1-200, 1896. 

Notes the results of work by G. K. Gilbert on artesian waters and 

underflow of the Arkansas Basin and Pueblo and Apeshapa sheets in 

Colorado (pp. 32,74,80), of R. T. Hill on the underground waters of 

Texas (pp. 35,36,80), of N. H. Darton on those of North and South 

Dakota (pp. 37,73,80), of A. C. Lawson in California (p. 48), of Frank 

Leverett in Illinois, and of E. H. Barbour in Nebraska (p. 73). The general work of the Division of Hydrography on underground waters is 

described (pp. 70-71) and an analysis of a boring sample from well at 

Key West, Florida, made by the chemical department, noted (p. 70). 

The product of mineral waters is given as 21,463,543 gallons, with a 

value of $4,254,237.

574 Report of the Director [1896-97].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 1-130,1897.

Gives allotment for artesian work (p. 20) and describes work on artesian and other underground waters by N. H. Darton in District of 

Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia (p. 32), in South Dakota and 

Nebraska (p. 73), by T. W. Vaughan in Texas (pp. 36, 75), R. T. Hill in 

Texas (pp. 37, 75), R. C. Hills in Colorado (p. 40), Frank Leverett in
PULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. . 87

Ohio and Indiana (pp. 55,57, 72), A. C. Lane in Michigan (p. 72), E. J 

Babcock in North Dakota (p. 73), E. H. Barbour in Nebraska (p. 74), 

and Erasmus Haworth and W. D. Johnson in Kansas (p. 74). The 

work of William Hullock on temperatures of the mile-deep well near 

Pittsburg (p. 60) and of E. C. Murphy and O. P. Hood on windmills 

and pumps is also mentioned (p. 74). A summary of the work of the 

Division of Hydrography on artesian problems (pp. 70-71), and statistics 

of wells in the Mississippi Valley are given. The product of mineral 

waters for 1895 is stated as 25,795,312 gallons, with a value of $4,136,192.

575 Walcott (Charles Doolittle). Report of the Director [1897-98].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 19th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, pp. 1-143,1898.

Describes the work of N. H. Darton and F. H. Ainsworth on well 

temperatures in western Nebraska; of R. T. Hill in the underground 

waters of Black and Grand Prairies, Edwards Plateau, and Rio Grande 

Plain in Texas, and of the Division of Hydrography on general underground investigations. The relation of ground water level to the oxidation of ores in the Tintic district is mentioned. The product of mineral waters for 189*7 is stated as 23,255,911 gallons, with a value of 

$4,599,106.

576 Report of the Director [1898-99].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 11-209,1899.

Describes work on underground waters by N. H. Darton in District 

of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, South Dakota, and Texas; of R. C. 

Hills in Colorado, of Frank Leverett in Indiana, of A. C. Lane in Michigan, and of E. J. Babcock in North Dakota. The product of mineral 

waters for 1898 is given as 28,853,467 gallons, with a value of $8,051,833. 

(See index of report.)

577 Report of the Director [1899-1900].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Rept, pt. 1, pp. 11-204, 1900.

Gives a summary of publications of the Survey relating to artesian 

waters, 1879-1900 (pp. 31-32), and mentions the work of the division 

of Hydrography on underground waters (p. 43). The allotment for 

such work is stated (p. 64). The work of N. H. Darton, C. C. O'Harra, 

and J. E. Todd on the underground waters of the Great Plains and Black 

Hills; of N. H. Darton in South Dakota and Wyoming; of R. T. Hill in 

the Black and Grand Prairies, Texas; of W. H. Weed on the Boulder 

Hot Springs of Montana, of W. A. Setchell on plant life of hydro-thermal waters of the Yellowstone National Park (p. 80), and of C. M. Hall 

in South Dakota, is reviewed. The output of mineral waters for 1899 is 

given as 39,562,136 gallons, with a value of $6,948,030.

578 Report of the Director [1900-1901].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 22nd Ann. Rept., pt. 1, pp. 3-207, 1901.

Describes work on underground waters, by Frank Leverett, in Michigan; N. H. Darton, W. S. T. Smith, J. E. Todd, C. M. Hall, E. H. Barbour, and C. C. O'Harra in the region including North Dakota, South 

Dakota, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming; and G. O. Smith 

and F. C. Calkins in Washington; I. C. Russell in Idaho; C. S. Slichter 

(underflow measurements) in the Mississippi Valley. Also notes work 

of William Hallock on the physics of geysers, and of N. H. Darton on 

deep wells and their relation to health. The product of mineral wyaters 

for 1900 is given as 47,558,784, with a value of $6,245,172. (See index 

01 report).
88 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

578a Walcott (Charles Doolittle). Report of the Director [1901-1902].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 23rd Ann. Kept., pp. 206, 1902.

Notes the work on underground waters, by N. H. Darton, in Arizona; 

J. E. Todd, in the James River Valley, in South Dakota; of C. M. Hall in 

the Red River Valley, and of N. H. Darton on the Great Plains and 

Black Hills (pp. 40-41). The work of N. H. Darton on deep well records 

and underground temperatures (p. 41), of C. S. Slichter on movements of 

water in sands and gravel (p. 101), of Arnold Hague and William Hallock on geysers and hot spring phenomena of the Yellowstone National 

Park (p. 46), and of W. H. Weed on the Hot Springs of Arkansas (p. 62) 

is also mentioned. A list of survey publications of the year relating to 

underground and surface waters is given (pp. 118-119). The production of mineral waters for 1901 is given as 55,771,188 gallons, valued at 

$7,586,962.

579 Letter of transmittal: First A nnual Report of the Reclamation 

Service, June 17 to December 1, 1902.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 1st. Ann. Rept. Reclamation Service, 1902, pp. 

12-14, 1903.

Mentions deep well problems in western Kansas, western Nebraska, 

and in central Oregon (p. 13).

580 Report of the Director [1902-1903].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 24th Ann. Rept., pp. 302, 1904.

Gives an account of the organization of the Division of Hydrology 

and the scope of its work (pp. 180,196-213), and of the Hydro-Economic 

Division (pp. 213-214). The production of mineral waters for 1902 is 

stated as 64,859,451 gallons, with a value of $8,793,761. Work in the following States is described: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Georgia, 

Florida, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, 

Louisiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota; 

Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. 

Details of the work of the following men on underground waters are 

also given: N. H. Darton, M. L. Fuller, Arnold Hague, Waldmar Lindgren, I. C. Russell, W. C. Alden, W. S. Bayley, J. M. Boutwell, G. H. 

Perkins, W. O. Crosby, Laurence La Forge, H. E. Gregory, A. C. 

Veatch, C. S. Slichter, F. B. Weeks, G. N. Knapp, S. W. McCallie, C. 

W. Hall, A. R. Shultz, W. F. Cooper, W. H. Norton, E. M. Shepard, 

A. H. Purdue, L. C. Glenn, E. A. Smith, L. C. Johnson, G. B. Richardson, W. C. Mendenhall, W. T. Lee, C. A. Fisher, Homer Hamlin, 

G. E. Condra, C. M. Hall, D. E. Willard, C. N. Gould, I. C. Russell, 

J. E. Todd, and C. C. O'Harra. Investigations on the measurement 

of underflow, by C. S. Slichter, on the water supplies of Molokai, 

Hawaiian Islands, by W. Lindgren, and on the question of diminution 

of geyser action in the Yellowstone National Park, are also noted.

581 Warman (Philip Creveling). Bibliography and index of the 

publications of the United States Geological Survey, with 

the laws governing their printing and distribution.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 100, pp. 495, 1893.

Gives list of Survey publications to date of issue, with tables of contents. The index contains references to most of the more important 

discussions or descriptions relating to underground waters.
PULLER.! RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 89

582 Warman (Philip Creveling). Catalogue and index of the publications of the United States Geological Survey, 1880-1901.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 177, pp. 858, 1901.

Gives lists of the Survey publications, with tables of contents of some. 

Has an extended index containing references to a large number of 

descriptions or discussions bearing on underground waters.

583 Catalogue and index of publications of the United States 

Geological Survey, 1901-1903. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 215, pp. 234, 1903.

Brings the list of publications and index of Survey papers to date, 

.being supplementary to Bulletins 100 and 177.

584 Weed (Walter Harvey). Formation of travertine and siliceous 

sinter by the vegetation of hot springs. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., 9th Ann. Rept,, pp. 613-676, 1889. 

Among the subjects discussed are the following: Vegetable growth in 

hot springs (pp. 620-628), the Mammoth Hot Springs and the waters of 

the Upper Geyser Basin of Fire Hole River, vegetable and chemical 

ingredients of the water, form, composition (with analyses),weathering, 

etc., of the travertine deposits, and analyses of hot-spring waters and of 

siliceous sinter. Concludes that plant life of Mammoth Hot Springs 

causes deposition of travertine, and that vegetation of hot alkaline 

waters of Geyser Basin eliminates silica from the water by the vital 

growth and produces deposition of siliceous sinter. The same principles 

probably apply to the sinters of Steamboat Springs, Nevada, in the 

Azores, and possibly in Iceland and New Zealand.

585 Iddings (Joseph P.) and. Livingston folio, Montana. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 1, pp. 4, 1894. 

See Iddings (Joseph P.) and Weed (Walter H.).

586 and Firsson (Louis Valentine). Geology of the Castle 

Mountain mining district, Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 139, pp. 104, 1896.

Notes the occurrence of springs and the disappearance of streams into 

gravel and limestone (p. 20). Describes caves and abandoned subterranean channels in the carboniferous limestone (p. 40). The White 

Sulphur Hot Springs, temperature 125°, from the Miocene lake beds, is 

also discussed. The heat is supposed to be from igneous intrusions. 

Flow, 1,300 gallons per hour. Spring is surrounded by sulphur deposits. 

Hotels and a park have been built (pp. 150-151).

587 Yellowstone National Park folio. Sedimentary rocks.

 U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 30, pp. 4-5, 1896. 

Describes calcareous deposits of hot springs and the formation of siliceous sinter through agency of algous life. Mentions the leaching, etc., 

by solfataric springs giving rise to the "paint pots."

588 and Firsson (L. V.). Geology and mineral resources of the 

Judith Mountains of Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 18th Ann. Rept,, pt. 3, pp. 437-616, 1897.

Notes the common occurrence of springs, including large and powerful ones in shale and limestones, some of which give rise to large streams 

at once (pp. 447, 452-454). The springs of the Benton shale (p. 513) and
90 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF PAPERS [NO. 120.

of the Cretaceous beds (p. 525) are described. The occurrence of underground drainage (p. 529) and of deposits of limonite formed by waters 

from the porphyry (p. 152) are noted. The ores, both original and replace- 

 - ment, are supposed to have been deposited by ascending waters and 

vapors through limestone or along faults (pp. 594-596).

589 Weed (Walter Harvey). Siliceous sinter. The educational series 

of rock specimens collected and distributed by the United 

States Geological Survey. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 150, pp. 91-93, 1898.

Describes character and method of formation through algous agency 

of siliceous sinter from the Yellowstone .National Park, and gives an 

analysis.

590 Traverture. The educational series of rock specimens collected and distributed by the United States Geological 

Survey.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 150, pp. 99-101, 1898. 

Explains origin and gives analysis of traverture from the Yellowstone 

National Park.

591 Geology of the Little Belt Mountains, Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Kept., pt. 3, pp. 257-461,1899.

Mentions the interrupted streams of the limestone areas (p. 275), the 

springs of Judith region (p. 311), and notes the ascending hot carbonated 

and sulphide waters of the Neihart district (pp. 420-423).

592 Hague, Arnold [and]. Descriptive geology of Huckleberry 

Mountain and Big Game Ridge: Snake River, Hot Springs. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 32, pt. 2, pp. 177-178, 1899. 

See Hague (Arnold), [and Weed (W. H.)].

593 Weed (Walter Harvey). Fort Benton folio, Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S. folio no. 55, pp. 7, 1899.

Notes the passage of Belt Creek through local underground passages 

(p. 1). States that the rocks underlying the flat areas between the 

mountains would probably afford artesian waters. The surface supply 

is insufficient (p. 6).

594 Little Belt Mountains folio, Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas of U. S., folio no. 56, pp. 9,1899.

Streams are reported dry in summer because of absorption into underground passages of the limestones. Describes the White Sulpnur group 

of 9 springs. The water is warm and has medicinal properties, being 

used at the near-by hotels and baths. An analysis is given (p. 8).

595 Mineral vein formation at Boulder Hot Springs, Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 21st Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 227-255,1900.

Describes ore deposition at Steamboat Springs, Nevada, and Sulphur 

Bank, California. Boulder Hot Springs are now depositing both vein 

and surface deposits, including some gold and silver (pp. 233-235). The 

waters have a temperature up to 164° and have altered the adjacent 

granites, but although algse are present little silica is deposited (p. 237). 

Surface waters penetrated to heated rhyolite intrusions and on rising the 

dissolved minerals were deposited by cooling and release of pressure 

(pp. 249-251).
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 91

596 Weed (Walter Harvey). Ore deposits at Butte, Montana. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 213, pp. 170-180,1903. 

Ascribes ore deposition to hot solutions ascending along fractures in 

the granite (p. 177).

597 Gypsum deposits in Montana.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 223, pp. 74-75,1904.

Notes the presence of gypsum in hot spring waters and the deposition 

of gypsum and stilbite in old hot spring fissures.

598 Notes on the copper mines of Vermont.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 225, pp. 190-199,1904.

Discusses the limits of ground waters in certain of the mines (p. 192).

599 Weeks (Fred Boughton). Bibliography and index of North 

American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy 

for 1802 and 1893.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 130, pp. 210,1896.

Artesian wells are listed under " Economic products described."

600 Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the year 1894. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 135, pp. 141,1896. 

Artesian wells are listed under "Economic products described."

601 Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology^ and mineralogy for 1895. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 146, pp. 130, 1896.

Artesian wells and water supply are listed under " economic products 

described."

602 Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for 1896. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 149, pp. 152, 1897.

Artesian wells, mineral water, and water supply are listed under 

"economic prod arts described."

603 Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for 1897.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 156, pp. 130, 1898.

Water analyses are listed under "chemical analyses," and artesian 

water, artesian wells, and water supplies under "economic products 

described."

604: Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for 1898. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 162, pp. 163, 1899.

Artesian water, artesian wells, and water supply are listed under "economic products described."

605 Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the year 1895.

U. S. Geol. Snrv., Bull. no. 172, pp. 146, 1900.

Artesian water, artesian wells, mineral waters, and water supply are 

listed under " economic products described," while analyses are listed 

under "chemical analyses."
92 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OP PAPERS [NO. 120.

606 Weeks (Fred Bough ton). Bibliography of North American 

geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the 

years 1892-1900, inclusive.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 188, pp. 717, 1902.

Papers relating to underground waters and springs are catalogued 

under authors.

607 Index to North American geology, paleontology, petrology, 

and mineralogy for the years 1892-1900, inclusive.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 189, pp. 337, 1902.

Artesian water, artesian wells, mineral water, and water supply are 

listed under "economic products described," while analyses are listed 

under "chemical analyses."

608 Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the year 1901.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 203, pp. 144, 1902.

Artesian water, artesian wells, and water supply are listed under 

"economic products described."

609 Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the year 1902. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 221, 200 pp., 1903.

Papers relating to underground waters are listed under "economic 

products described" and under "chemical analyses."

610 New York. [Well and spring records.]

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 102, pp. 

169-206, 1904.

Discusses the general underground water conditions (pp. 169-171) and 

gives tables and notes relating to wells (pp. 172-198) and springs (pp. 

199-206). The well data include source, temperature, yield, quality, 

use, records, and analyses; the spring data temperature, quality, yield, 

source, and uses.

611 Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the year 1903. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 240, 243 pp. 1904.

Waters are more carefully indexed than in preceding volumes, being 

listed under "chemical analyses," " economic products described, "etc.

612 Whistler (John T.). Investigations in Oregon.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 2d Ann. Kept. Reclamation Service, 1902-3, pp. 

433-440, 1904.

Notes occurrence of large springs, some thermal, at Bonanza (p. 439).

613 White (Charles A.). Correlation Papers. Cretaceous. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 82, pp. 273, 1891.

Discusses artesian water of the Dakota formation (p. 171) and refers 

to wells or gives records of borings in New Jersey (p. 79) Virginia 

(p. 90) and elsewhere.

614 White (Israel C.). Stratigraphy of the bituminous coal field of 

Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 65, pp. 212, 1891.

Gives several sections made up in whole or in part of well borings.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 93

615 Whitfield (James Edward), G-ooch (Frank Austin) and. Analysis of waters of the Yellowstone National Park with an 

account of the methods of analysis employed. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 47, pp. 84, 1888. 

See Gooch (Frank Austin) and Whitfield (James Edward).

616 [Williams, J. Albert]. Salt.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1882, pp. 532-553, 1883.

Gives the number, average depth, and strength of brines of wells of 

different States (p. 532), with more specific references on subsequent 

pages to the salt wells of Michigan, New York, West Virginia, Ohio, etc., 

and to the saline springs of New York, Montana, Dakota, Colorado, 

Pacific coast, Nevada, California, Oregon, Idaho, and Arizona (pp. 

535-550).

617 Sulphur.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1882, pp. 578-579, 1883. 

Mentions sulphur springs of the Rocky Mountains.

618 Administrative report [1884-85].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 6th Ann. Rept, pp. 88-93, 1885. 

. In a summary of mineral products of the United States the outputs of 

mineral waters for 1883 and 1884 are given as 47,289,743 and 68,720,936 

gallons, with values of $1,139,483 and $1,665,490, respectively.

619 Salt.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Min. Res., 1883-84, pp. 827-850, 1885.

Gives more or less descriptive matter relating to the salt wells or borings of Michigan, New York, Ohio, Virginia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Kansas, California, and Nebraska, and to saline 

springs of New York, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Kansas, 

Nebraska, Montana, South Dakota, and Colorado.

620 Administrative report [1885-86].

U. S. Geol. Surv., 7th Ann. Rept., pp. 130-134, 1888.

Gives the product of mineral waters for 1885 as 9,148,401 gallons, with 

a value of $1,312,845. The decrease is due to the exclusion of certain 

Wisconsin artesian wells.

621 Wilson (Herbert M.). Irrigation in India.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 12th Ann. Rept., pt. 2, pp. 363-561, 1891. 

Describes pump wells (p. 369) and wells for irrigation (pp. 415, 496). 

Underground seepage waters are sometimes valuable for irrigation where 

labor is cheap, but it is doubtful if they will ever be extensively used in 

America (p. 415). Methods of pumping, including several depending 

on animal power, are considered (pp. 423-425). Loss from streams by 

percolation and absorption is described (pp. 431-434).

622 American Irrigation Engineering.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 13th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, pp. 101-350, 1892.

Considers springs, ground water, artesian water, etc., as sources of 

supply (pp. 113-114), and discusses seepage (p. 114). Detailed descriptions of subsurface supplies and the methods of collecting by submerged 

dams, collecting canals, tunnels, etc., are given (pp. 327-330). The 

"duty" of well water in Utah (p. 157), the volume and movement of 

ground water (p. 328), and pumping and lifting methods (pp. 162, 332- 

328) are also considered.
94 BIBLIOGRAPHIC EEVIEW OF PAPEES [NO. 120.

\

623 Wilson (Herbert M.). Pumping waters for irrigation.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 1, pp. 56, 

1896.

Contains a discussion of the kinds of pumps (p. 17), including animal 

motive powers (pp. 20-25), windmills (pp. 25-35), water wheels and 

hydraulic rams (pp. 35-45), hot air and gasoline pumps (pp. 45-46), 

steam pumps (pp. 46-50), centrifugal and rotary pumps (pp. 50-51), 

and mechanical and siphon elevators (pp. 51-54). The relative efficiency and cost are given (pp. 15, 16, 19, etc.). The descriptions of the 

methods of ancient or semicivilized peoples are of special interest.

624 Irrigation in India.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper no. 87, pp. 238, 

1903.

This is a revised edition of paper on same subject appearing in the 

Twelfth Annual Report. Very few new facts relating to underground 

waters are presented.

625 Winslow (Arthur). The disseminated lead ores of southeastern 

Missouri.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 132, pp. 31, l8Ut>.

Contains a number of boring records and notes on fissure and crevice 

systems in their relation to the deposition of the ores by circulating 

waters.

626 Woodworth (Jay Backus). The glacial brick clays of Rhode 

Island and southeastern Massachusetts: Geology and geography of the clays.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 17th Ann. Kept," pt. 1, pp. 975-988, 1896.

Describes the mud springs or mud volcanoes in the clays at Barrington, Rhode Island, and at Titicut, Massachusetts. They are thought to 

be due to water passing downward beneath the clay through the foresets of adjacent sand plains and forcing its way upward through the clay 

(p. 988).

627 Geology of the northern and eastern portions of the Narragansett Basin.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon., vol. 33, pp. 91-214, 1899. 

Gives records of deep borings in Rhode Island (pp. 161 and 171) and 

in Massachusetts (pp. 170, 198).

628 Wright (George Frederick). The glacial boundary in western 

Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois. 

U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 58, pp. 39-110, 1890. 

Describes an artesian well at Oberlin, Ohio (p. 47), and mentions a 

number of surface wells.
CLASSIFIED KEY TO PRINCIPAL SUBJECT ENTRIES IN INDEX.

Absorption of water by Page.

Fissures .....---.....-._._.---------..-.....--------------.---------. 101

Granite.............................................................. 101

Gravel .............................................................. 101

Lava ..._......_.--_-....,.......--...._-...-.............----..- 101

Limestone........................................................... 101

Pumice..-..-.-.....-.....--.---...-..---.....-.-----..-.-.....-----. 101

Eocks in general..................................................... 101

Sandhills............................................................ 101

Sinks............-......--.-.....-...--...-...---.--.-.--..-...-..... 101

Absorption of water of 

Canals.........-.-...-.-----.----.--.-.-.-...---.-----....--......... 101

Eainfall ............................................................. 101

Streams, including lost rivers and intermittent streams.................. 101

General .__...._...._........_...-....-...--........_-.-............. 101

Analyses ................................................................ 101

Brines.....---.....-----....-..-..--.....-..--..--..------....--.---. 101

Mine waters ..--..--..-...-.-...---...--.-...-...--...-.-..----..-... 102

Public supplies...-.---..-...----..-..---.---.--------......-...---.-. 102

Spring deposits....-.-..-.--....-.........--..----.--...-.-..-..-....- 102

Spring waters ........-...-..---..--.-...--....--.....-..-----.-....... 102

Well incrustation..-..-..--.---.-..-.-...---....--....-..--.-.-.---... 102

Well waters------------------------------- .......................... 102

Work of United States Geological Survey on ........................... 102

General paper .....-.....-.-.-.-......-.-.---...---..---.-......-.... 102

Artesian requisites and conditions, general................................. 103

Bibliographies containing reference to underground waters..-.....-.----.... 103

Breathing or blowing wells......-...-....---.-.--....--.-.-----..--.-..... 103

Brines and salt waters ......... .......................................... 103

Descriptions -.---....-.....--....---.--...----.-.-.-.-.-..--.....-... 103

General ............................................................. 103

Capacity of materials .----.....-....-.-----.-.--.-.-...-.-..-............. 104

Circulation and movements of underground waters.--.---.-...----.---.-.--. 104

Causes.....--......_--.--.-----..-........-.---..--........-......-.. 104

Descriptions ..--..---------...-....--.-.--...--.--.-....--...----..-. 104

Classification............................................................^ 104

Springs.-----..-...-.-.-----...--............-.-...-.--.............. 104

Underground waters...---.-------..--...--............---...-.-...... 104

Composition or quality ..-----.-.--..-..-.-.-.-....-..----.---..---...-... 105

Springs..-.-..-.-.-.-..---..--.-.-....-.....-...----.-.--..-.-.--.--. 105

Wells and underground waters.-.---..__..._._......_.__._______.____.. 105

General papers.--.-----------.-----............_._...._..._....____.. 106

Contamination ............................................................ 106

Springs.---------....-..-----..--.-..---...-.---....----.-.-----..-.- 106

Wells. .............................................................. 106

Cost of pumping .......................-_.._...._......._.._..._..__.____ 106

95
96 CLASSIFIED KEY TO THE INDEX. [NO. 120.

Page.

Cost of wells............................................................. 106

Deposits by underground waters .......................................... 106

Cave waters- ..................'....................................... 106

Ground waters....................................................... 106

Mine waters ......................................................... 106

' Springs.............................................................. 106

Wells ............................................................... 106

General papers..--............-.-.--.-.-.---------.....-.....-....--. 106

Discharge..---...--.....-....--.-..-...-.....-......---........-......... 106

Springs.............................................................. 106

Decrease-.--.---.---.--.-.-.-.--.-..--.-..--....-....---.-.-..--. 107

Measurements ................................................... 107

Statistics ........................................................ 107

Wells ............................................................... 107

Decrease......................................................... 107

Failure.......................................................... 107

Fluctuations -----....-.-.--.--.....-.-.-...-....-.-..........-... 107

Measurements ................................................... 107

Eegulation....................................................... 107

; Statistics ........................................................ 107

General ......................................................... 107

Experiments............................................................. 107

Flow of water in porous media ..............--..........--...--.-..--. 107

Motion of underground waters ......-.-.--.-.-.....-...........-..-... 107

Faults, relation of springs to.........-...-.........----.-....-...-.-.-..-.. 107

Faults, relation of wells to.-.-...---.-..--..-.---..---....--._-.-.-...-... 108

Fissures ................................................................. 108

Absorption of water by ............................................... 108

Movement of water in................................................ 108

Relation of springs to--..-..-.-.-..-.-...---....-....---.--..-.-..-... 108

Waters of............................................................ 108

Fluctuations of groundwater level ...-.....-.-...-...-.--..........-..--... 108

Barometric pressure, effect of----.....---.---....--.-...--...---..-.-. 108

Causes of...........---.--.-----...--.........--.-.-.-..-....--...-.. 108

Descriptions or discussions..---....-.....-.--...-....---.-....-.-..... 108

Folds, relation of springs to............................................... 108

Geysers........-....---...-.-......- .................................... 108

Geyser action ............................................................ 108

Hydrologic work on underground waters ..-...-.-.-......-.....-..-...-... 109

Individuals..---.....-..--.-..-----....-...-......-...--.....-....... L09

United States Geological Survey..-...........---.-..--....-.--....-... 109

Instruments for measuring underflow...................................... Ill

Joints, relation of springs to.....-.............-.--.-...---...---..-.-.-.-. Ill

Joints, waters in................-.-....-.---.-..-.....-...-.-..-..-.-..... Ill

Laws relating to underground water ....................................... Ill

Mine waters .......-.....-.--...-.-.---.....----..........-...-..-.-.-... 113

Deposits....--....-...-.--.......-.......--..--..------..-----.--..-. 113

Descriptions --...---...---...---.......-..--..----.--------.-.---...- 113

Use for water supply..--..-.......-.--.--...---..-...-.-.-.----.-..... 113

Mineral waters....----.--.-.....-..-----...-.-----------.----.--.------.- 113

Bibliography..........-...-..--....-.....---...--.--...-...--..------ 113

Economic products. ................................................... 113

Production in the United States ..................................... 113
FULLER.] CLASSIFIED KEY TO THE INDEX. 97

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of Page.

General relations..................................................... 116

Localities............................................................ 116

Porosity................................................................. 117

Rocks............................................................... 117

Sands ............................................................... 117

Soil ................................................................. 117

General.............................................................. 117

Public supplies from underground sources..-........-..-...........-...---- 117

Pumping and other methods of lifting water .......-..-.-....-...-----.-.-. 117

Cost................................................................. 117

Descriptions ..---.-.---..........-......--..-..-......-..-....-....-. 117

Pumping machinery...................................................... 117

Efficiency............................................................ 117

Types ............................................................... 117

Turbines............................................................. 117

Windmills........................................................... 117

Records ...-.......-...-.-...................----.----...--.....-.....--. 117

Geologic -.....--...--.......-...-.-....-...-.-...-..........----..-.. 117

Borings and wells ..-....-.-.--.......-...-.-...-.-...---.....---. 117

Statistical............................................................ 118

Springs...--....--......-.-.-......----..--....-.-....-.......;.- 118

Wells............................................................ 118

Seepage-.-----.....--..--..----.----.-------------...----.---.------.---- 118

Solution by underground waters, work of ........... '....................... 118

Basins............-...--.-.---...--...--......-.-.-......-.-.---..-.- 118

Caves and caverns.-.-......--..--.-..-......-..........'..-..--.-..--- 118

Channels ............................................................ 118

Coves ......."........................................................ 118

Fissures .-....-.-..-.--...-.....---......--..---.-....-.......--...-. 118

Sinks..............-...--..--.....-..--..-.-.----..-.-........-...--. 118

General ......................^...................................... 118

Springs.........-..-----...-....----.--.--..---........-.-.-._... ........ 119

Classification..-.......-.....--...--..--.----.-.-.....-.-..........-.- 119

Descriptions ...........-...-----.---.----.--..-...-..---...-.-.--.--- 119

Springs in general......---....-.-....-....--..-...-.......-...... 119

Localities...-....-.--.-.........-.-......-.-.-........-...-.. 119

General papers............................................... 120

Types of waters..--.-.-.-..---.....-...-.-...--........------ 120

Alum ................................................... 120

Brine.................................................... 120

Chalybeate ......."....................................-.. 120

Oil and gas............................................... 120

Sulphur ................................................. 120

Solfataras............................:........................... 120

Thermal spring's..--...........-.-.-......-.---.-.-.-...........-- 120

Structures-...-.....--..-.-.....---............-.-...----.-.--.....-.----. 121

Collecting ditches .................................................... 121

Collecting galleries................................................... 121

Collecting and drainage tunnels ...........-......---..-.--...--...--.. 121

Infiltration works.......-...-.....--.-....--...-....-.-..-..----.-.-. 121

Subsurface dams ......----.-.-.....---.-----......---------.----.--.. 121

Underflow canals.--.---......-.....-.-.--...-...-.-...-.....--....... 121

IKE 120 05 7
98 CLASSIFIED KEY TO THE INDEX. [NO. 120.

Temperature...._____..__....-._.--......__--.._...--_...--..--_.-.-..--- 121

Springs..--......--___...-.___._.-..__..-._._..--....-....--...-...-- 121

Wells ............................................................... 121

General papers. ...^.................................................. 121

Underground water, movements of.----...-..-...--.....-.......-...-...-- 122

Underground waters, occurrence of.--...--..-.--...-..-.-.----..-.-.-...-. 122

Formations..-.-.-....-........--......-.-.-.--....-........-.-....-- 122

Arikaree......................................................... 122

Benton.......................................................... 122

Berea grit......................................................... 122

Blackwater hole bed.............................................. 122

Brule clays ....._.._._.___..._...._._...._..._.......,...-...-_-_ 122

Calaveras........ ................................................ 122

Chadron.................................I....................... 123

Chattanooga shale..-.-.--........--.-...-.-.-...-..-.-..--...-... 123

Chesapeake...................................................... 123

Chester Valley limestone .............-...---........-.....-..-.-- 123

Chickies quartzite..-...--.--..-.--_..-...-...--...-.......-..-.-- 123

Clinton.......................................................... 123

Columbia..-.......-.-..-.----...--........--....---...........-. 123

Comanche Peak......--..-.-....------....---.--.--..-...---..... 123

Corniferous limestone -...-........-....--.---....-.-.-...-....-.- 123

Corsicana..--..............--.......-...----.-....--.-.-.----.-.- 123

Cretaceous marl.................................................. 123

Dakota sandstone ..-....-.-.-.....--.......-...-.-...---...--.--. 123

Denison ......................................................... 123

Devonian limestone ..-..---.-...-.---..-.-.-.---.-.......---...-- 123

Edwards limestone -.--...---....---...-...---..---...-"--...-...-.- 123

Galena limestone-.--.---.-.-....--.------....--...-.-..--.----.-. 123

Gering .......................................................... 123

Glen Rose ....................................................... 123

Hudson River shales ....---.-......--.-.-...,.--..--.....-...-... 123

John Day........................................................ 123

Knox dolomite...-.-.-..........-...-...--.-..-------..-.---..... 123

Lafayette ........................................................ 123

Lakota sandstone .-.------.........---.........-...-.-.--.-...-.. 123

Laramie..---..-.--.--...----.-.......--.---.---.-----.----.-.-.- 123

Leona........................................................... 123

Lower Magnesian limestone....................................... 123

Magophy........................................................ 123

Manasquan ...................................................... 123

Marshall.................................... .................... 123

Matawan ........................................................ 123

Medina.......................................................... 123

Middle marl ..................................................... 123

Minnekahta ..................................................... 123

Minnelusa --..-...--...-..--...--.--..........-------.-.---.--.-. 123

Monmouth....................................................... 123

Myrick .......................................................... 123

Navesink------.---..----.----.-----.----.--..----..---..--...... 123

Newark ......................................................... 123

Ne\vrnan ..---....---...----.....--.-..---....-...--...........-. 123

Niagara limestone'. .. r ...^........................................ 123
FULLER.] CLASSIFIED KEY TO THE INDEX. 99

Underground waters, occurrence of Continued. Page. 

Formations Continued.

Niobrara ........................................................ 123

Ogallala ......................................................... 123

Ohio shale....................................................... 123

Onandaigua...................................................... 123

Pahasapa -.....--.........-....-...-...-...--..--.-......,-...... 123

Paluxy .......................................................... 123

Pamunkey...-..----...--.-..--.---...---.-.--..--....-.-....-... 123

Payette................................,....................._._. 124

Pierre shales ....-.---.....--.-.---...--.-....--.--......--....... 124

Poison Canyon ................................................ .. 124

Potomac ."................_................._..._..._........... 124

Potsdam sandstone _.__....._.__.....__..-...__....___._....._...- 124

Rancocas -..-.---..............-....-.....-.-...--.---..--...-... 124

Raritan....__-..-.-__..--...__.-___.....-..____...........___.__. 124

Red Bank ....................................................... 124

Rutledge limestone-.--......--......-.-..-......--...-........... 124

St. Peter sandstone..........-....-.-...-........-.....-.-...--..- 124

Severn .......................................................... 124

Shark River ..................................................... 124

Sioux quartzite...-.-...--.....-.............-..-..--....-........ 124

Travis Peak...................................................... 124

Trenton limestone................................................ 124

Trinity .......................................................... 124

Upper Heldeberg limestone.--....-.-.....-.-..-.-................ 124

Waverly......................................................... 124

AVissahickon gneiss-.-....-.-.......-.-........-.-.-.......--.-... 124

AVoodbine....................................................... 124

Materials..-....-......-....-.-.-...--...-........-..-...--.-.--.-._. 124

Alluvium................................................. ...... 124

Andesite. ...............................^........................ 124

Basalt.... ...................................................... 124

Crystalline rocks ..-.-...---..-.-..-.-......--...-..--....-...-.-- 124

Delta deposits.................................................... 124

Dolomites........................................................ 124

Drift ........................................................... 124

Dune sands ...................... .......... .................... 124

Granite ................................................^......... 124

Gravel .......................................................... 124

Igneous rocks...-.--.........--.----..----......---......-...-... 124

Lava ........._-.__........._..............-....--.-...---..... 124

Limestone ....................................................... 124

Sand ............................................................ 124

Sandstone ....................................................... 124

Serpentine...-.-........-...-.-..--...........---...--..-.-.-..., 124

Shale............................................................ 124

Stream deposits ..--........-.....--..--.-..-..--....---.......... 124

Structures..---........-.-...--.-..-..-.---.-----.....-.......----.... 124

Earthquake fissures..........-.-..---........-........--...--..... 124

Faults........................................................... 124

Fissile rocks ...-..-.....--..-.....---....-.......-.........---.... 124

Fissures ---..--.-.-.-.........--.....-....-....--................ 124

Joints........................................................... 124
100 CLASSIFIED KEY TO THE INDEX. [NO. 120.

Underground waters, occurrence of Continued. Page.

Structures Continued.

Underground channels..----._.-..._......_.._..___..___._._.___._ 124

Vesicules..----...--..__..........__...._....._.___.._._.._.._... 124

Systems .......---.....--_.....___.--.___.-._____._._______....__._.. 125

Silurian ......................................................... 125

Devonian........................................................ 125

Carboniferous----..---..--.----...-.....--..--..-...-..-....--... 125

Cretaceous....................................................... 125

Tertiary......................................................... 125

Eocene --....-. .----..-.....--.....-......-.........-.......-... 125

Miocene ---.-.-------.-...---..-.--...-.----....-.......-....-... 125

Neocene......................................................... 125

Oligocene......................................................... 125

Quaternary ...................................................... 125

Pleistocene---...-----.-...----.-.---.-..----....--...--.-........ 125

Underground waters, work of..--....---.-...---........--.......-.....-.. 125

Alteration of rocks ..-..-....-.-.-.-.-......-.-..-.-....--........ 125

Cementation..................................................... 125

Dolomitization................................................... 125

Enlargement of quartz grains...................................... 125

Ferration........................................................ 125

Landslides-..--....-.....-.....--....-..---.......-....-....-.... 125

Metamorphism....-.-.----....-.-....--....--.....-.............. 125

Oxidation --..-..--...-..---.--..-.-.----------......---.--...--.- 125

Petrifaction...................................................... 125

Silicification --..--..---...-.-----...-.-..-.-....-.--.---...---... 125

Weathering...................................................... 125

United States ............................................................ 125

Principal survey publications on underground waters ................... 125

Uses of underground waters..-.-..-.---.-.-.-..-.-.-......--..-.-.-.---... 125

Springs.....-...-.-....--..-.............--.---........-.---......-.. 125

Bathing ......................................................... 125

Heating ......................................................... 125

Irrigation..-.--.----.-..---..-.-..----...---..-----...---...--... 125

Medicinal.......-...-.-........--..--...-.......-.....-.-..---... 125

Power...-.-...-....-..-....-.--.-..---..-.----.---...---...--... 125

Resorts.......................................................... 125

Public supplies.................................................... 125

General.......................................................... 125

Wells-...-..-.-..--...--.----.---------.------------.---------..---.- 126

Bathing ......................................................... 126

Heating ......................................................... 126

Irrigation........................................................ 126

Lake supplies.................................................... 126

Power _......-._---..-----..--.-.-----.--------.---------.------- 126

Water supplies..-...-..---..----.-...-,.--.-.-.---..----.-------. 126

General.......................................................... 126

AVells and borings........................... ............................ 127

Construction......,............-...--..--.-.-----..--.-.----...-----. 127

Arrangement ....--..-.---..--......----.---..----------.------.- 127

Drilling and casing ..-.-...-.--------------...-.---..----------.-- 127

Testing.......... ............................................... 127

Contamination of...-..-.-----..---.-..-------.----.---------.--.--.-. 127

Interference of------..---.-----.--.----..------------.------..--..--- 127
INDEX.

[The numbers refer to entries in the bibliographic review.]

Absorption of water by 

Fissures, 284. 

Granite, 284.

Gravel, Massachusetts, 493. 

Lava:

Arizona, 428.

Idaho, 473.

Oregon, 289. 

Limestone:

Montana, 336.

New York, 455. 

Pumice, Oregon, 289. 

Rocks in general:

California, 286.

Colorado, 149. 

Sand hills, Nebraska, 529. 

Sinks:

General, 500.

Michigan, 364. 

Absorption of water of 

Canals (see also Seepage), New York, 455. 

Rainfall, 149, 454.

Streams, including lost rivers and intermittent streams:

Alabama, 362.

Arid regions, 342.

Arizona, 127,128, 463a.

California, 287.

Colorado, 175, 345.

India, 621, 624.

Kansas, 213.

Michigan, 371.

Montana, 10, 586, 591, 593, 594.

Nebraska, 273.

North Carolina, 371.

Oregon, 288, 289.

Rio Grande Basin, 437.

Tennessee, 219.

Texas, 243.

General, 435. 

General, Nebraska, 100. 

Alabama.

Absorption of water from rivers, 362. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 225.

Principal survey publications (well records), 

502.

Alabama Continued. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 392. 

Measurements, 204. 

Quality, 392. 

Use, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406.

Underground waters, 437, 502. 

Wells and borings: 

Analyses, 59, 502. 

Descriptions, 502. 

Quality, 502. 

Records, 501, 502. 

Temperature, 95, 502. 

Uses, 502. 

Yield, 502.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 580. 

Alaska.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 325. 

Springs:

Deposits, 70. 

Descriptions:

Mineral, 392. 498. 

Oil, gas, and sulphur, 325. 

Sulphur, 70. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Use, 392. 

Yield, 392. 

Algiers.

Wells, use for irrigation, 337. 

Alluvium, occurrence of waters in, 101, 215, 549. 

Alteration of rocks by springs, 201, 311, 587, 595. 

Analyses. 

Brines:

England, 131. 

France, 131. 

Michigan, 131. 

New York, 131. 

Ohio, 449. 

Ontario, 131. 

Pennsylvania, 131. 

South Dakota, 102. 

United States, 120. 

Virginia, 131. 

West Virginia, 131. 

Wyoming, 102.

101
102 INDEX TO PAPERS [NO. 120.

Analyses Continued. 

Mine waters:

Colorado, 144.

Nevada, 20.

Pennsylvania, 294. 

Public supplies:

Vermont, 420. 

Spring deposits:

Siliceous sinter, Montana, 589.

General, 260. 

Spring waters:

Alabama, 392.

Alaska, 392.

Arkansas, 59, 60, 392, 446.

California, 53, 60, 308, 392, 477.

Colorado, 60, 392, 461, 519.

Connecticut, 183, 392.

Dakotas, 392.

Delaware, 392.

Florida, 169, 392.

Georgia, 327, 392.

Idaho, 392.

Illinois, 60, 392.

Indiana, 392.

Indian Territory, 392.

Iowa, 392.

Kansas, 392.

Kentucky, 392.

Louisiana, 392.

Maine, 18, 392.

Maryland, 392.

Massachusetts, 73, 139, 392.

Michigan, 71, 280, 392.

Minnesota, 207, 392.

Mississippi, 392.

Missouri, 62, 63, 392, 497.

Montana, 53, 54, 55, 392, 594. 

Nebraska, 392.

Nevada, 53, 392, 476.

New Hampshire, 29, 392.

New Jersey, 392.

New Mexico, 55, 59, 64, 392.

New York, 64, 392.

North Carolina, 60, 392.

Oregon, 53, 313, 392, 427.

Pennsylvania, 294, 392.

P"orto Rico, 241.

Rhode Island, 74, 392.

South Carolina, 392.

South Dakota, 89, 392.

Tennessee, 61, 364, 392.

Texas, 392.

United States, 392.

Utah, 53, 56, 392.

Vermont, 392, 420.

Virginia, 53, 54, 56. 392.

Washington, 392, 426.

West Virginia, 392.

Wisconsin, 392.

\Vyoming, 54, 58, 65, 178, 392.

Yellowstone National Park, 54, 58, 178,

191, 393.

Well incrustations, Pennsylvania, 55. 

Well waters:

Alabama, 59, 502.

Arizona, 283.

Arkansas, 446.

Analyses Continued.

Well waters Continued.

Colorado, 138,174.

Connecticut, 183.

Florida, 61,169.

Georgia, 59, 327.

Illinois, 9, 300.

Indiana, 9, 301.

Iowa, 56.

Kentucky, 61,177.

Louisiana, 210.

Maine, 18.

Massachusetts, 61, 73, 139,140.

Michigan, 71, 280.

Missouri, 60, 514.

Nebraska, 103.

New Hampshire, 29.

New York, 610.

North Carolina, 97.

Pennsylvania, 294.

Rhode Island, 74.

South Dakota, 89, 102,103.

Texas, 239.

Vermont, 420.

Virginia, 97.

Wyoming, 58, 102. 

Work of the U. S. Geological Survey on, 57,

167,168. 

General paper:

Methods of analysis, 57. 

Andesite, occurrence of waters in, 458. 

Anticlines, relation of springs to, in Wyoming,

136.

Arid regions, absorption of streams, 342. 

Arikaree formation, occurrence of waters in, 90, 

101. ; 

Arizona.

Absorption of streams, 127, 128, 463a.

Brines, 616.

Mine waters, 463.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 462, 463, 463a, 465. 

Porosity of gravel, 283. 

Principal Survey publications:

Irrigation near Phoenix, 106.

Underground waters of Gila Valley, 283.

Underground waters of Salt River Valley, 251.

Water resources of Salinas Valley, 208. 

Seepage, 106, 362. 

Seepage ditches, 283. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392.

Descriptions, 127, 128, 290, 392, 428.

Quality, 392.

Temperature, 392.

Use, 392, 406.

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters:

Circulation, 283.

Composition, 25.

Descriptions, 106, 282, 283, 465.

Evaporation, 84.

Experiments on motion, 283.

Movements, 283.
FtJLLEE.] RELATING TO UNDEEGEOUND WATEES. 103

Arizona Continued. 

Wells:

Capacity, 283. 

Composition, 283.

Descriptions, 283, 346, 362, 463a, 465. 

Irrigation, 107, 282. 

Pumping, 106, 282, 283. 

Records, 283, 463. 

Statistics, 106. 

Tests, 283.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104, 471,580. 

Arkansas.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 5, 6,11, 223, 564. 

Principal Survey publication (well and spring

records), 446. 

Springs:

Analyses, 59, 60, 392, 446. 

Descriptions, 1, 392, 446. 

Quality, 392, 446. 

Temperature, 392, 446. 

Uses, 392, 406, 446. 

Yield, 392, 406, 446. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 5, 6,11. 

Occurrence, 446. 

Wells:

Analyses, 44C. 

Descriptions, 446. 

Quality, 446. 

Records, 446. 

Temperature, 95. 

Yield, 446.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167,471, 580. 

Artesian requisites and conditions, general, 45, 

138, 242, 245, 328, 333, 334, 437, 480, 481, 484, 488, 

500, 506, 561.

Artesian waters. See Underground waters. 

Artesian wells. See Wells. 

Atlantic Coastal Plain, general. 

Underground waters, 86. 

Water horizons, 86. 

Wells, 86.

Work of the U. S. Geological Survey, 572. 

Azores, springs, 584. 

Basalt, occurrence of water in, 569. 

Bathing, use of wells aud springs for, 148, 317, 420,

487, 594.

Bedding planes, waters in, 5C5. 

Benton formation, occurrence of water in, 543,

544, 545, 588.

Berea grit, occurrence of water in, 280. 

Bibliographies containing references to underground waters 

Geology, 78, 79, 80, 81, 85, 599, 600, 601, 602,603,

604, 605, 606, 607, 609, 611. 

Groundwater movements, 499. 

Hayden, King, Powell, and Wheeler surveys, 491.

Irrigation literature, 32. 

Survey publications, lists of, 166, 227, 233, 577,

578a, 581, 582, 583.

Underground waters, general, 484, 488, 577. 

Boring, methods of. See Wells and borings, construction.

Borings. See Records; also Wells. 

Breathing or blowing wells. 

Great Plains, 214. 

Nebraska, 14. 

Brines and salt waters. 

Descriptions: 

Arizona, 616.

California, 112,134, 616, 619. 

Colorado, 616, 619. 

Dakotas, 616. 

Idaho, 112, 616. 

Illinois, 619. 

Indiana, 379, 422, 619. 

Kansas, 213, 450, 619. 

Kentucky, 619. 

Louisiana, 226, 235.

Michigan, 112, 280, 448, 451, 532, 616, 619. 

Minnesota, 560. 

Montana, 616, 619. 

Nebraska, 4,14, 619. 

Nevada, ] 12, 616.

New York, 112, 448, 449, 450, 451, 616, 619. 

North Dakota, 560. 

Ohio, 108, 379, 449, 616, 619. 

Pennsylvania, 525. 

South Dakota, 102, 619. 

Tennessee, 619. 

Texas, 226, 229. 

Virginia, 131, 619. 

Western Gulf coast, 2. 

West Virginia, 108, 449, 616. 

Wyoming, 4,102. 

General:

Brines as a source of bromine, 111, 118.' 

Brines as a source of iodine, 109. 

Brines as a source of potassium salts, 120. 

Brines as a source of salt, 381, 382, 383,384,

385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 616. 

Brines, origin of, 422. 

Brines, chemistry and production of, 51. 

Relations of salt water to the occurrence

of oil and gas, 150, 226, 525. 

Bromine from mineral waters, 111, 118. 

Bmld shale, occurrence of water in, 4,90,101. 

Calaveras formation, occurrence of water in, 554. 

California.

Absorption of streams, 281.

Brines, 112,134,616,619.

Caves, 551", 554.

Geysers, 121.

Mine waters, 312.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formtion of, 22,308,595. 

Principal Survey publications:

Development and application of water 

near San Bernardino, Col ton, and Riverside, 321,322.

California hydrography, 323. 

Irrigation near Bakersfield, 187. 

Irrigation near Fresno, 188. 

Storage of water on Kings River, 320. 

Water storage, Cache Creek, 49. 

Water supply of San Bernardino Valley,

319. 

Pumping, general, 365.
104 INDEX TO PAPERS [NO. 120.

California Continued. 

Seepage, 188,320,322. 

Solfataras, 121. 

Springs:

Analyses, 53,60,308,392,477.

Brine, 134.

Composition, 22,308,392,477.

Deposits, 67,121,308,477.

Descriptions, 22,105,121,134, 148,170, 251,

286,307,312,319,321,392,458,477,509. 

Failure, 533. 

Occurrence on 

Earthquake fissure, 477,553. 

Faults, 477,553. 

Temperature, 392. 

Thermal, 22,121,653. 

Uses:

Bathing, 148. 

Irrigation, 477. 

Resorts, 406. 

General, 392. 

Yield, 392,406.

Tunnels, collecting, 287,323,366. 

Underground waters:

Absorption by rocks, 286.

Circulation, 321.

Composition, 320.

Descriptions, 105,188,208,287,321,347,362.

Movement of underflow, rate of, 321.

Occurrence:

Delta deposits and gravel fans, 320,

323.

Stream deposits, 208. 

General, 364. 

Raising of, 322. 

Rise of, by irrigation, 187. 

Temperature due to igneous action, 477. 

Work of solution, 551,554. 

Water horizons, 554. 

Wells:

Brines, 112.

Composition, 307, 320, 322. 

Construction, 258, 259, 378. 

Cost, 49.

Descriptions, 208, 285, 307, 553. 

Discharge, 49, 251, 255, 319, 322, 378. 

Failure, 533.

Irrigation, 49, 187, 208, 321. 

Penetration of sea water into, 509. 

Pumping, 49, 187, 208, 251, 320. 322, 365. 

Records, 208, 307. 

Statistics, 320, 322, 323. 

Temperature, 95. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104, 471, 572,

573, 580.

Canada (Manitoba), wells and springs, 560. 

Canal waters, absorption of, in New York, 455. 

Capacity of materials. See also Porosity. 

Rocks, 277, 499, 500, 565. 

Sands, 362, 453, 456, 4S9, 500. 

' Soils, 277, 362, 499, 500.

Capacity of springs and wells. See Discharge. 

Carboniferous waters. See Underground waters,

occurrence of, systems. 

Cascade Mountains, springs, 129. 

Catchment conditions. See Artesian requisites. 

Caves and caverns. See Solution, caves and 

caverns.

Cave waters, deposits of, 122,263. 

Cementation by underground waters, 522,565. 

Chadron formation, occurrence of water in, 90. 

Channels. See Solution, channels. 

Chattanooga shale, occurrence of water in, 272. 

Chemistry of underground waters. See Composition and quality. 

Chesapeake formation, occurrence of water in,

86,87. 

Chester Valley limestone, occurrence of water

in, 16.

Chickies quartzite, occurrence of water in, 16. 

Cinnabar, deposits of, from springs, 23. 

Circulation and movements of underground 

wate'rs. 

Causes:

Capillarity, 277. 

Deformation, 277. 

Gravity, 277. 

Heat, 277.

Rock consolidation, 277. 

General. See Artesian requisites and conditions. 

Descriptions: 

Arizona, 283. 

Arkansas, 5,6,11. 

California, 321. 

Florida, 77. 

Minnesota, 296. 

Missouri, 11. 

Tennessee, 272. 

Washington, 505. 

Wyoming, 517.

Fissures, movement of water in, 277. 

Limits of depth, 500,561,565. 

Porous media, circulation in, 277. 

Principles of (see also Artesian requisites), 11,

45.

General, 45, 343, 456, 499, 565, 622. 

Classification.

Springs, 392, 406. 

Underground waters, 302. 

Clinton formation, occurrence of water in, 280. 

Collecting ditches, galleries, and tunnels. See

.Structures. 

Colorado.

Absorption of rainfall by rocks, 149. 

Absorption of streams, 175, 345. 

Brines, 616, 619. 

Caves in limestone, 141. 

Mine waters: 

Analyses, 144. 

Composition, 144. 

Deposits, 144.

Descriptions, 144, 318, 447, 461. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in 

formation of, 141, 142, 14J, 414, 447, 460, 461, 

519.

Principal Survey publications: 

Elmoro folio, 244. 

Geology of Denver Basin, 138. 

Irrigation near Greeley, 230. 

Pueblo-folio, 175. 

Spanish Peaks folio, 246. 

Underground waters of Arkansas Valley, 

174.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 105

Colorado Continued.

Principal Survey publications Continued.

Walsenburg folio, 245.

Water resources, 149. 

Seepage, 142, 149, 257, 345, 362. 

Settling of ground due to ground water, 326. 

Springs:

Analyses, 60, 392, 519.

Composition, 75, 392, 516.

Deposits, 137,142, 447, 461, 516.

Descriptions, 137, 141, 142, 244, 264, 357, 

362, 392, 461, 516.

Gases of, 516.

Temperature, 392.

Thermal, 137,142, 357.

Uses, 392.

Yield, 392, 406. 

Tunnels, drainage, 102. 

Underground waters:

Analyses, 174,461.

Artesian basins, 354.

Association with oil, 150.

Descriptions, 102,105, 138,174,244,250,257, 

354,437.

Landslides caused by ground water, 75.

Legal decisions relating to, 30.

Occurrence in 

Dune sand, 174. 

Gravel, 174.

Prospects, 174.

Work of solution, 141, 519. 

Wells:

Analyses, 138.

Construction, methods of, 245.

Cost, 245,345.

Descriptions, 30,150,346,357.

Statistics, 345.

Temperature, 95.

Thermal, 150.

Water horizons, 174,175,244,245,246. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104,173,328,

439,471,572,573,574,578. 

Columbia formation, occurrence of water in, 78,

86,87,94,97. 

Comanche Peak formation, occurrence of water

in, 240. 

Composition or quality. See also Analyses and

Springs.

Gas associated with ground waters, 436,516,565. 

Mine waters, Colorado, 144. 

Springs:

Alabama, 392.

Alaska, 392.

Arizona, 392.

Arkansas, 392^46.

California, 22, 308, 392, 477..

Colorado, 75, 392, 516.

Connecticut, 183, 392.

Dakotas, 392.

Delaware, 392.

Florida, 169, 392.

Georgia, 327, 392.

Idaho, 392.

Illinois, 392.

Indiana, 392.

Indian Territory, 392.

Composition or quality Continued. 

Spring? Continued.

Iowa, 392.

Kansas, 392.

Kentucky, 392.

Louisiana, 392.

Maine, 18, 392.

Maryland, 392.

Massachusetts, 73,392.

Michigan, 71, 280, 392.

Minnesota, 207, 392.

Mississippi, 392.

Missouri, 63, 392, 497.

Montana, 145, 392, 591.

Nebraska, 392.

Nevada, 392, 477.

New Hampshire, 29, 392.

New Jersey. 392.

New Mexico, 392.

New York, 392, 610.

North Carolina, 392.

Ohio, 392.

Oregon, 392.

Pennsylvania, 392.

Porto Rico, 241, 392.

Rhode Island, 74, 392.

South Carolina, 392.

South Dakota, 392, 539.

Tennessee, 392.

Texas, 392.

United States, 95, 96, 392.

Utah, 392.

Vermont, 392, 420.

Virginia, 392.

Washington, 392.

West Virginia, 392.

Wisconsin, 392.

Wyoming, 392.

Yellowstone National Park, 178,192,194, 

199, 392, 434.

General, 406. 

Wells and underground waters:

Alabama, 502.

Arizona, 283.

Arkansas, 446.

California, 277, 307, 320.

Connecticut, 183.

Dakotas, 84.

Florida, 169.

Kansas, 213.

Kentucky, 177.

Louisiana, 164, 210.

Massachusetts, 73.

Michigan, 71, 280.

Minnesota, 207, 54G.

Mississippi, 26(5.

Missouri, 497.

Molokai, 314.

New Hampshire, 29.

New Mexico, 234, 429.

New York, 610.

Ohio, 419.

Rhode Island, 74.

Tennessee, 176.

Texas, 236, 242.

Vermont, 420.
106 TNDEX TO PAPEKS [No. 120

Composition or quality Continued. 

General papers:

Composition near trap dikes, 478. 

Composition in relation to petrology, 487. 

General composition of ground waters,

292, 293, 494. 

Connecticut.

Principal Survey publications:

Additional well records, 48,181. 

Well and spring records, 183. 

Springs:

Analyses, 183, 392. 

Descriptions, 183, 392. 

Occurrence on faults, 247, 500. 

Quality, 183, 392. 

Temperature, 183, 392. 

Uses, 183,392,406. 

Yield, 183,392,406. 

Underground water conditions, 183. 

Wells:

Analyses, 183. 

Cost, 48.

Descriptions, 48,181,183. 

Quality, 183. 

Temperature, 183. 

Uses, 183. 

Yield, 48, 181, 183.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey 167, 580. 

Contamination. 

Springs, 500. 

Wells, 494, 500, 509.

Corniferous limestone, occurrence of waterin, 380. 

Corsicana formation, occurrence of water in, 242. 

Cost of pumping, etc., 320, 356. 

Cost of wells. 

California, 49. 

Colorado, 345. 

Connecticut, 48. 

Kansas, 345. 

Massachusetts, 47. 

Nebraska, 345.

Coves. See Solution, Coves. 

Craterlets formed by underground waters during

Charleston earthquake, 130.

Cretaceous waters. See Underground waters, occurrence of, systems.

Crystalline rocks, occurrence of water in, 318. 

Dakotas. See also North and South Dakota. 

Artesian conditions, 84. 

Brines, 616. 

Principal Survey publications:

Artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas, 84. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392. 

Yield, 392.

Underground waters: 

Composition, 84. 

Irrigation, 84. 

Power, use for, 84. 

Pressure and head, 84. 

Volume, 84. 

Well construction, 84. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 471.

Dakota sandstone, occurrence of water in, 84,90, 

91,93,98,100,101,173,174,175,212, 213,244,245,246, 

354,500,539,542,543,544,560,613. 

Decay of rock due to percolating waters, 478. 

Delaware.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. % 

Springs:

Quality, 392. 

Use, 392.

Water horizons, 86. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 86. 

Prospects, 86. 

Records, 77. 

Temperature, 86.

Delta deposits, occurrence of water in, 320. 

Denison formation, occurrence of water in, 242. 

Deposits by underground waters 

Cave waters: 

Texas, 236. 

Utah, 146. 

General, 122. 

Ground waters:

Crusts by evaporation of, 494. 

Underground deposition of gypsum, Kansas, 184.

Mine waters, Colorado, 144. 

Springs:

Cinnibar, 23. 

Salt, 555. 

Sulphur:

Alaska, 70. 

California, 121. 

Wyoming, 201.

Tufa, travertine, siliceous sinter, etc.: 

California, 308,477. 

Colorado, 137,447,461,516. 

Georgia, 48. 

Idaho, 311. 

Indiana, 159,162. 

Montana, 145,261,588,589,595,597. 

Nebraska, 103. 

Nevada, 7,476,521. 

North Dakota, 538. 

Oregon, 313,427. 

South Dakota, 103,538. 

Texas, 260. 

Wyoming and Yellowstone National

Park, 137,192,193,194,199,584,587. 

General, 590.

Well incrustations, Pennsylvania, 55. 

General papers:

Antiquity of geyser and hot springs of

Yellowstoiie National Park, 199. 

Exhibit of hot spring depc sits at the Chicago World's Pair, 198. 

Mud cones, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, 626.

Theoretical structure of spring deposits 

as compared with deposits of Lake Lahonton, 474.

Devonian limestone, occurrence of water in, 556. 

Devonian waters. See Underground waters, occurrence of, systems. 

Discharge. 

Springs:

Decrease of, Georgia, 105.
STLLEK.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 107

Discharge Continued. 

Springs Con ti nued. 

Measurements:

Alabama, 204.

Florida, 203.

Georgia, 111, 202, 253, 327.

Nebraska, 254.

Texas, 252, 254, 257, 260, 347, 357, 372,

392, 536, 537, 568, 572. 

Statistics:

Alabama, 392,406.

Alaska, 392.

Arizona, 392.

Arkansas, 392,446.

California, 406.

Colorado, S92.

Connecticut, 183, 392.

Dakotas, 392,

Delaware, 392.

Florida, 169, 203, 392.

Georgia, 202, S27, 392, 406.

Idaho, 392, 406.

Illinois, 392, 406.

Indiana, 392, 406.

Indian Territory, 392, 406.

Iowa, 392, 406.

Kansas, 392, 406.

Kentucky, 392, 406.

Louisiana, 392, 406.

Maine, 18, 392, 406.

Maryland, 392, 406.

Massachusetts, 73, 392, 406.

Michigan, 71, 392, 406.

Minnesota, 207, 392, 406.

Mississippi, 392, 406.

Missouri, 392, 406, 497.

Montana, 392, 406.

Nebraska, 406.

Nevada, 392.

New Hampshire, 29, 392, 406.

New Jersey, 392, 406.

New Mexico, 392, 406.

New York, 392, 406, 610.

North Carolina, 392, 406.

Ohio, 406.

Oregon, 392.

Pennsylvania, 406.

Ehode Island, 73, 392, 406.

South Carolina, 406.

South Dakota, 406.

Tennessee, 392, 406.

Texas, 372, 392, 406.

Utah, 392, 406.

Vermont, 392, 406, 420.

Virginia, 392, 406.

Washington, 392, 406.

West Virginia, 392, 40fi.

Wisconsin, 392. 406.

Wyoming, 392.

Yellowstone National Park, 392. 

Wells:

Decrease of:

California, 533.

Georgia, 105.

Illinois, 19.

Kansas, 346.

South Dakota, 545.

General, 45, 500.

Discharge Continued. 

Wells Continued. 

Failure, 45. 

Fluctuations, 210. 

Measurements, 277, 500. 

Regulation of, 484. 

Statistics:

Alabama, 502. 

Arizona, 283. 

Arkansas, 446. 

California, 255, 258. 

Connecticut, 48, 181,183. 

Dakotas, 84.

District of Columbia, 94. 

Delaware, 86. 

Florida, 169. 

Georgia, 327. 

Kentucky, 177. 

Maine, 18. 

Maryland, 86. 

Massachusetts, 47, 73. 

Michigan, 71. 

Minnesota, 207, 546. 

Mississippi, 266. 

Missouri, 497. 

New Hampshire, 29. 

New Jersey, 86. 

New York, 610. 

North Carolina, 86. 

Rhode Island, 73. 

South Carolina, 86. 

United States, 95, 96. 

Vermont, 420. 

Virginia, 86. 

Washington, 369. 

General, 45, 277, 500. 

District of Columbia.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

water. 

Principal Survey publications:

Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic

Coastal Plain, 86. 

Washington folio, 94. 

Underground waters, 86, 94, 335. 

Water horizons, 86, 94. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 86, 94. 

Records, 86-94. 

Temperature, 86.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 574, 576. 

Dolomite, occurrence of water in, 5. 

Dolomitization by underground waters, 519. 

Drift, occurrence of water in, 9, 162, 249, 300, 301,

302,303,304,305,380,547.

Drilling, methods of. See Well construction. 

Dune sands, occurrence of water in, 174. 

Edwards limestone, occurrence of water in, 239,

240, 242, 243, 569. 

Enlargement of quartz grains by underground

waters, 263. 

Erie-Ohio Basin.

Underground waters and wells, 306. 

Experiments.

Flow of water in porous media, 277, 499, 500. 

Motion of underground waters in Arizona, 283. 

Faults, relation of springs to. 

California, 477, 553. 

Connecticut, 247, 500.
108 INDEX TQ PAPERS [NO. 120.

Faults, relation of springs to Continued. 

Idaho, 308. 

Nevada, 476. 

Oregon, 475. 

Texas, 239, 240, 569. 

Utah, 170.

1 Faults, relation of wells to, Massachusetts, 140. 

Ferration by underground waters, 519. 

Filtration, natural, during absorption of water,

452..

Fissility, relation of waters to, 565. 

Fissures.

Absorption of water by, 284. 

Movement of water in, 277. 

Relation of spring to: 

Nevada, 476. 

Texas, 239, 240, 569. 

Waters of, 239. 277. '284, 480. 

Florida.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publications:

Measurement of springs in Florida, 203. 

Well and spring records, 169. 

Sinks, 77. 

Springs:

Analyses, 169, 392. 

Descriptions, 77, 169, 203, 392. 

Measurements, 203. 

Quality, 169, 392. 

Temperature, 169, 392. 

Thermal, 434. 

Uses, 169, 392. 

Yield, 169, 202, 392, 406. 

Wells:

Analyses, 61,169. 

Descriptions, 169. 

Quality, 169. 

Records, 77,169. 

Temperature, 95-169. 

Uses, 95,169. 

Yield, 169, 203. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 77. 

Conditions, 169. 

Temperature, 484, 485. 

Work of solution, 77.

Work of U.S.Geological Survey, 167, 439, 580. 

Fluctuations of ground-water level. 

Barometric prassure, effect of, 565. 

Causes of, in Nebraska, 528. 

Descriptions or discussions: 

Nebraska, 14, 528. 

South Dakota, 540. 

General, 456, 565. 

Folds, relation of springs to, 136. 

Galena formation, occurrence of water in, 332,556. 

Gases of underground waters. See Composition. 

Georgia.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 218,225,228,230,231. 

Principal Survey publications: 

Measurement of springs, 202. 

Water-supply, well, and spring records, 

327.

Georgia Continued. 

Springs:

Analyses, 327,392. 

Descriptions, 105,327,392. 

Deposits, 327.

Measurements, 111, 202,253,327. 

Quality, 327,392. 

Temperature, 392.

Uses, 327,392,406. ' 

Yield. 202,327,392,406. 

Underground water conditions, 327. 

Water horizons, 86.

Water supplies from underground sources, 327. 

Wells:

Analyses, 59,327. 

Descriptions, 86,327,500. 

Irrigation from, 362. 

Pumping from, 362. 

Quality, 327. 

Records, 86. 

Temperature, 95. 

Yield, 202,327.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167,471,580. 

Gering formation, occurence of water in, 90. 

Geysers.

California, 121. 

Iceland, 21.

Yellowstone National Park: 

Action in', 192,193, 194,195. 

Antiquity of action, 199. 

Changes *in action, 434. 

Deposits, exhibit of, at Chicago World's

Fair, 198. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 189,190,192,

193, 194, 195, 196. 

Geyser action.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey on, 190,191. 

Glen Rose formation, occurrence of water in, 242,

569.

Granite, absorption of water by, 284. 

Granite, occurrence of water in, 310. 

Gravel, absorption of water by, in Massachusetts,

493.

Gravel, occurrence of water in, 174, 283, 323. 

Great Plains.

Principal Survey publications:

Water resources of a portion of the Great

Plains, 214. 

Springs, 214. 

Water horizons, 214. 

Wells:

Blowing, 214. 

Irrigation from, 72. 

Pumping from, 72. 

Temperature, 211.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 577. 

Ground water. See Underground waters. 

Head, general discussions of, 45,500. 

Head, influence of heat on, 565. 

Health, relation to deep wells, 578. 

Heating, use of springs for, 487. 

Heating, use of wells for, 487. 

High Plains.

Principal Survey publications:

High plains and their utilization, 267,268. 

Sinks, 267. 

Springs, 267.
FULLER.] EELATING TO UNDEEGEOUND WATEES. 109

High Plains Continued. 

Underground water:

Catchment conditions, 267.

Descriptions, 267, 268. 

Work of solution, 267. 

Water horizons, 267. 

Wells:

Construction, 267.

Description, 267.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 361. 

Hot springs. See Springs.

Hudson River shales, occurrence of water in, 556. 

Hydrologic work on underground waters, including analyses. (See also State entries.) 

Individuals:

Ainsworth, F. H., 575.

Alden, W. C., 580.

Anderson, J. A., 167.

Babcock, E. J., 574,575.

Barbour, E. H., 104,573,574,578.

Bayley, W. S.,167,580.

Ben ton, S. S., 547.

Boutwell, J. M., 167,580.

Calkins, F. C., 578.

Chatard, T. M., 61.

Clarke, F. W., 55,59, 60, 63, 64.

Coffin, F. F. B., 349.

Condra, G. E., 104, 580.

Cooper, W. F., 167, 580.

Crosby, W. O., 167,580.

Darton, N. H., 104, 349, 353, 357, 361, 376, 

572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 578a, 680.

Eakins, L. G., 60.

Fisher, C. A., 104, 580.

Fuller, M. L., 167, 580.

Gilbert, G..K., 354, 571, 573.

Glenn, L. C., 167, 580.

Gooch, F. A., 57, 58, 65, 189, 190, 191, 192, 

194, 432.

Gould, C. N., 104, 580.

Gregory, H. E., 167, 580.

Hague, Arnold, 578a, 580.

Hall, C. M., 104, 577, 578, 578a, 580.

Hall, C. W., 167, 580.

Hallock, William, 190, 574, 578.

Harris, G. D., 167.

Hayworth, Erasmus, 574.

Hillebrand, W. F., 62.

Hills, R. C., 574, 575.

Hill. R. T., 572, 573, 574, 575, 577.

Hodges, R. S., 167.

Hollick, Arthur, 167.

Homer, Hamlin, 580.

Hood, O. P., 674.

Howard, E. S., 62.

Johnson, L. C., 167, 580.

Johnson, W. D., 361, 363, 574.

Keyes, C. R.,104.

Knapp, G. N., 167, 580.

La Forge, Laurence, 580.

Laiides, Henry, 104.

Lane, A. C., 574, 575.

Lawson, A. C., 572, 573.

Lee, W. T., 104, 580.

Leverett, Frank, 349, 359, 572,573, 574, 575, 

578.

Lindgren, Waldemar, 580.

Lord, L. G., 167.

Hydrologic work on underground waters, including analyses Continued. 

Individuals Continued. 

Lovelace, B. F., 167. 

McCallie, S. W., 167, 580. 

Mendenhall, W. C., 104, 580. 

Murphy, E. C., 574. 

Newell, F. H., 440, 572. 

Norton, W. H., 167, 580. 

O'Harra, C. C., 104, 577, 578, 580. 

Orton, Edward, 353. 

Palmer, A. W., 362. 

Peale, A. C., 189, 216, 217, 430, 433, 440. 

Perkins, G. H., 167, 580. 

Phinney, A. J., 330. 

Purdue, A. H., 167, 580. 

Redmond, Charles W., 393. 

Richardson, G. B., 104, 580. 

Riggs, R. B., 55, 56, 59, 60. 

Russell, I. C., 104, 441, 578, 580. 

Shepard, E. M., 167, 580. 

Shultz, A. R., 167, 580. 

Siebenthal, C. E., 104. 

Sitchell, W. A., 577. 

Slichter, C. S., 167, 578, 578a, 580. 

Smith, E. A., 167, 580. 

Smith, G. O., 167, 580. 

Smith, W. S. T., 578. 

Todd, J, E., 104, 577, 578, 578a, 580. 

Vaughan, T. W., 574. 

Veatch, A. C., 167, 580. 

Washburn, W. C., 167. 

Weed, W. H., 189, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196,

577, 578a.

Weeks, F. B., 167, 580. 

Whitfleld, J. E., 55, 57, 58, 60, 65, 191, 192,

194, 432.

Wilder, F. A., 104. 

Willard, D. E., 104, 580. 

United States Geological Survey:

Analyses, collection of, by, 167, 168. 

Artesian waters, work on, 335, 344, 353,355,

357, 572.

Bibliography of springs, 430. 

Composition of underground waters, 471. 

Division of hydrology, work of, 167, 471,

580.

Drift, work on waters of, 572. 

General hydrologic work, 573,574,575,577. 

Health, relation of deep wells to, 578. 

Mineral waters:

Eleventh Census, 399, 400. 

Publications, 395, 396, 397, 400", 401. 

General, 395, 396, 397. 

Spring data, collection of, 167, 168. 

Spring waters, 189.

Underground waters in general, see also 

under States, 104, 166, 167, 173, 350, 353, 

354, 355, 357, 361, 362, 375, 376, 471, 572, 

573, 580.

Water-supply data, collection of, 167,168. 

Well data, collection of, 167,168, 335. 

Iceland.

Geysers, 21. 

Springs, 584. 

Idaho.

Brines, 112, 616.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral 

waters.
110 INDEX TO PAPERS [NO. 120.

Idaho Continued.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 311. 

Principal Survey publications:

Artesian basins of southwestern Idaho

and southeastern Oregon, 386,387,388. 

Geology and water resources Nez Perce

County, 383,384. 

Geology and water resources of Snake

River Plains, 485. 

Kampa folio, 315. 

Silver Cily folio, 316. 

Water resources of southeastern Idaho,

482.

Seepage, 105. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Deposits, 311. 

Descriptions, 284, 310, 311, 317, 392,473,482,

483,484,487,488,523,524. 

Occurrence on faults, 308. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 316,392. 

Thermal, 311. 

Uses:

Irrigation, 310,374. 

Resorts, 406. 

General, 392.

Work of, alteration of granite, 311. 

Yield, 392, 406. 

Thermal springs: 

Composition, 310. 

Descriptions, 309, 315, 316, 533. 

Underground waters:

Descriptions, 364, 482, 483, 484,485, 487,488. 

Occurrence in:

Fissures in granite, 284. 

Lava beds, 473, 482, 483. 

Uses, 487.

Work of, solution basins, 483. 

Water horizons, 310. 

Wells:

Brine, 112.

Descriptions, 315, 316, 346, 483, 488. 

Discharge, regulation of, 484. 

Records, 315. 

Temperature, 95. 

Thermal, 310. 

Uses for irrigation, 357. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 575, 580. 

Igneous intrusions, relation of thermal springs

to, 145, 586, 595.

Igneous rocks, occurrence of water in, 312. 

Illinois.

Artesian conditions, 302.

Brines, 619.

Mine waters, 12.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 12,13. 

Principal Survey publications: 

Chicago folio, 9. 

Danville folio, 305. 

Patoka folio, 162. 

Water resources of Illinois, 300. 

Rainfall, 300.

Illinois Continued. 

Springs:

Analyses, 60, 392.

Descriptions, 392.

Quality, 392.

Temperature, 392.

Uses, 392, 406.

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters:

Analyses, 300.

Classification, 302.

Decrease in flow, 9.

Descriptions, 300.

Occurrence of 

Drift. 9, 300, 305. 

Potsdam sandstone, 9. 

St. Peter sandstone, 9. 

General, 437.

Use for public supplies, 301. 

Water horizons, 556. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 302.

Occurrence in 

Carboniferous rocks, 162. 

Drift, 37, 162.

Records, 9, 37.

Temperature, 95.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 362, 573. 

India.

Absorption of streams, 621, 624. 

Pumping underground waters, 621, 624. 

Seepage, 621, 624.

Wells used for irrigation, 550, 621, 624. 

Indiana.

Artesian conditions, 305.

Brines, 379, 422, 619.

Mineral water, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publications:

Chicago folio, 9.

Danville folio, 305.

Patoka folio, 162.

Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, 

301.

Wells of northern Indiana, 303.

Wells of southern Indiana, 304. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392.

Deposits, 159, 162.

Descriptions, 161, 162, 301, 392.

Quality, 392.

Temperature, 392.

Uses, 392, 406.

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters:

Analyses, 301.

Descriptions, 301.

Occurrence in:

Drift, 301, 303, 304, 305. 

Rock, 301.

Subterranean drainage, 301.

Use for water supplies, 301.

Water horizons, 379, 422. 

Wells:

Brines, 379.

Decrease of flow, 9.

Descriptions, 9, 37, 3C3, 304, 305.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. Ill

Indiana Continued. 

Wells Continued. 

Occurrence in:

Carboniferous rocks, 162. 

Drift, 162.

Records, 37, 158, 159, 303, 304, 305, 422. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 330, 574, 576. 

Indian Territory. 

Springs:

Description, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Use, 392. 

Yield, 392.

Infiltration works, 481. 

Instruments for measuring underflow, 500. 

Interference of wells, 277, 499, 500, 540. 

Intermittent streams. See Absorption of streams. 

Iodine from mineral waters, 109. 

Iowa.

Caverns, 332.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 332. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters: 

Descriptions, 307, 332. 

Work of solution, 332. 

Water horizon, Galena limestone, 332. 

Wells:

Analyses, 56. 

Records, 31, 332. 

Temperature, 95. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 439,

580. 

Irrigation, use of wells and springs for. See Uses

of underground waters.

John Day formation, occurrence of water in, 480. 

Joints, relation of springs to, in Texas, 568. 

Joints, waters in, 565. 

Kansas.

Absorption of streams, 213.

Brines, 213, 450, 619.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 510. 

Principal Survey publication:

Underground waters of southwestern

Kansas, 212. 

Sinks, 215. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392.

Descriptions, 184, 212, 215, 392, 445, 489.

Quality, 392.

Temperature, 392.

Uses:

Power, 215. 

Resorts, 406. 

General, 392. 

Yield, 392, 40H.

Kansas Continued.

Underground waters:

Deposition of gypsum by, 184. 

Descriptions, 212, 330, 331, 437. 

Methods of locating, 212. 

Work of solution, 215. 

Water horizons, 212, 213, 215. 

Wells:

Brines, 450. 

Composition, 213. 

Cost, 345.

Descriptions, 213, 338,339, 346, 489. 

Mineral, 215. 

Problems, 579. 

Prospects, 212. 

Pumping from, 375. 

Statistics, 345. 

Use for irrigation, 212.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104, 439, 440 

. 574, 578, 580. 

Kentucky. 

Brines, 619.

Caves, sinks, and channels, 34, 35, 557. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 511. 

Principal Survey publications.

Well records, 177. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 34, 35, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406.

Underground water conditions, 177. 

Underground water, solution by, 34,' 35, 320. 

Wells:

Analyses, 61,177. 

Descriptions, 177. 

Quality, 177. 

Records, 177. 

Uses, 177. 

Yield, 177.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 580. 

Knox dolomite, occurrence of water in, 269, 270,

271, 272, 273. 

Lafayette formation, occurrence of water in, 78,

86, 87.

Lakes supplied from wells, 89. 

Lake Superior district. See also Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in,

formation of, 297, 563. 

Lakota formation, occurrence of water in, 93,102,

103. 

Laramie formation, occurrence of water in, 90,

101.

Lava, absorption of water bj: 

Arizona, 428. 

Idaho, 473. 

Oregon, 289. 

Lava, occurrence of water in, 105, 473, 480, 481,

482, 483. 

Laws relating to underground waters:

Laws authorizing artesian investigations, 37-1. 

Laws governing artesian investigutiors.572.
112 INDEX TO PAPERS [NO. 120.

Laws relating to underground waters Cont'd. 

Laws needed, 488.

Laws on underground waters, 179, 248. 

Legal decisions, 30.

Leona formation, occurrence of water in, 569. 

Limestone, absorption of water by: 

New York, 455. 

Montana, 461.

Limestone, occurrence of water in, 5. 

Lower magnesian limestone, occurrence of water

in, 556. 

Louisiana.

Brines, 226, 235.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal survey publications:

Rice irrigation in southern Louisiana, 165. 

Underground waters of southern Louisiana, 210. 

Water supplies from wells in southern

Louisiana, 164. 

Springs:

Descriptions, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 3921 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters:

Descriptions, 164, 210, 226. 

Origin, 210.

Use for water supplies, 164. 

Water horizons. 

Wells:

Analyses, 210.

Construction and drilling, 210, 226.

Descriptions, 164, 165, 226.

Discharge, variations in, 210.

Pumping from, 210.

Quality, 164, 210.

Records, 210, 226.

Temperature, 95,165.

Thermal, 226.

Uses:

Irrigation, 165. 

Public supplies, 164. 

Work of U. 8. Geological Survey, 167, 471, 572,

580.

Machinery, pumping. See Pumping machinery. 

Maine.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal survey publication:

Well and spring records, 18. 

Springs:

Analyses, 18, 392. 

Descriptions, 18,392. 

Erosion by, 524. 

Quality, 18, 392. 

Temperature, 18, 392. 

Uses, 18, 392, 406. 

 Yield, 18, 392, 406. 

Underground water conditions, 18. 

Wells:

Analyses, 18. 

Descriptions, 18. 

Temperature, 18.

Maine Continued. 

Wells Continued. 

Uses, 18. 

Yield, 18.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 580. 

Marshall sandstone, occurrence of water in, 280. 

Maryland.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal survey publications:

Artesian water prospects in the Atlantic

Coastal Plain, 86. 

Nomini folio, 87. 

Washington folio, 94. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Description, 65, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters, description, 78, 86, 87

94, 320, 335.

Water horizons, 86, 87, 94, 574, 576. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 86, 87, 94. 

Records, 86, 94. 

Temperature, 86. 

Massachusetts.

Mineral waters, production of. See. Mineral

waters. 

Principal survey publications:

Additional well records in Massachusetts, 47.

Well and spring records, 73. 

Springs:

Analyses, 73,139, 392. 

Descriptions, 73, 139, 392, 492, 493, 496, 626. 

Quality, 73, 392. 

Temperature, 73, 392. 

Uses, 73, 392, 406. 

Yield, 73, 392, 406.

Underground water conditions, 73, 493. 

Wells:

Analyses, 61, 73, 140. 

Cost, 47.

Descriptions, 47, 73, 496. 

Occurrence on faults, 140. 

Quality, 73. 

Records, 73,139, 627. 

Temperature, 73. 

Uses, 73. 

Yield, 47, 73.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 580. 

Matawan formation, occurrence of water in, 16,

86. 

Measurement of discharge of wells and springs.

See Discharge.

Measurement of underflow, 500, 578. 

Measurement of underflow, instruments for, 500. 

Medina sandstone, occurrence of water in, 380. 

Metamorphism by underground waters, 565. 

Michigan.

Absorption of streams by limestone, 371. 

Absorption of water by sinks, 364. 

Brines, 112, 280, 448, 451, 532, 616, 619.
FULLEK.l EELATING TO UNDEEGEOUND WATEES. 113

Michigan Continued. 

Mine waters, 67. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 17, 66, 67, 299, 515, 562, 563. 

Principal Survey publications:

Lower Michigan mineral waters, 280. 

Water resources of the lower peninsula,

279.

Well and spring records, 71. 

Sinks, 364. 

Springs:

Analyses, 71, 280, 3S2. 

Descriptions, 71, 392. 

Quality, 71, 392. 

Temperature, 71, 392. 

Uses, 71, 392, 406. 

Yield, 71, 406. 

Underground waters: 

Chemistry, 280. 

Descriptions, 71, 279, 280, 371. 

Economic value, 280. 

Temperature, 279. 

Uses, 279.

Work of solution, 364. 

Water horizons, 279, 280. 

Wells:

Analyses, 71, 280. 

Descriptions, 71. 

Quality, 71. 

1 Records, 71.

Temperature, 71, 95, 279. 

Uses, 71. 

Yield, 71. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 279, 280,

574, 576, 578, 580. 

Minnekahta formation, occurrence of water in,

98,103.

Minnelusa formation, occurrence of water in, 93. 

Mine waters.

Deposits, Colorado, 144. 

Descriptions: 

Arizona, 463. 

California, 312. 

Colorado, 144, 318, 447, 461. 

Illinois, 12. 

Michigan, 67. 

Minnesota, 296. 

Nevada, 19, 20, 324. 

 Pennsylvania, 33, 294. 

Utah, 26, 27, 28, 549. 

Vermont, 598. 

Wyoming, 517. 

Use for water supply, 26, 27. 

Mineral waters.

Bibliography, 216, 217. 

Economic products of: 

Bromine, 111, 118. 

Iodine, 109. 

Potassium salts, 120.

Production in the United States, 113,114,115, 

116,119,390,391,393, 394, 395,398,402,403, 404, 

405,407,409,410, 411,412,413,414,415, 416,417, 

431,432,433,434,436,438,439, 441, 572, 573, 574, 

575, 576, 577, 578, 578a, 580, 618, 620.

IER 120 05 8

Minnesota. 

Brines, 660. 

Mine waters, 296 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 69, 296, 563. 

Principal Survey publications: 

Well and spring records, 207. 

Well records in Lyon County, 546. 

Springs:

Analyses, 207, 392. 

Descriptions, 207, 392, 560. 

Quality, 207, 392. 

Temperature, 207, 392. 

Uses, 207, 392, 406. 

Yield, 207, 392, 406. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 2%. 

Descriptions, 207, 437. 

Wells:

Composition and quality, 207, 546. 

Descriptions, 207, 546, 660. 

Records, 207, 546, 559. 

Temperature, 95. 

Uses, 207. 

Yield, 207, 546. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 471,

580.

Miocene waters. See Underground waters, occurrence of, systems. 

Mississippi.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publication:

Well records, 266. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters, 266. 

Water horizons, 266. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 210, 266. 

Quality, 266. 

Records, 501. 

Yield, 266. 

Mississippi Valley.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 76. 

Underground waters. 

Descriptions, 357. 

Underflow measurements, 678. 

Well statistics, 574. 

Missouri.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 5,11,64,76,510,564,625. 

Principal Survey publications:

Water supply of Livingstone county, 211. 

Well and spring records, 497. 

Wells of Joplin and vicinity, 514.
114 INDEX TO PAPEES [NO. 120.

Missouri Continued. 

Springs:

Analyses, 62, 63, 392, 497.

Descriptions, 1,392,497.

Composition and quality, 63,392,497.

Temperature, 392,497.

Uses, 392,406,497.

Yield, 392,406,497. 

Underground waters:

Circulation, 11.

Descriptions, 211,335,497. 

Water horizons, 328. 

Wells:

Analyses, 60,514.

Descriptions, 497.

Quality, 497.

Records, 211,497,514,625.

Temperature, 95,497.

Uses, 497.

Yield, 497.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167,471,580. 

Molokai.

Principal Survey publication:

Water resources of Molokai, 314. 

Springs, 314.

Underground waters, 314. 

Wells:

Composition, 314.

Description, 314.

Use for irrigation, 314.

Monmouth formation, occurrence of water in, 16. 

Montana.

Absorption of streams, 10,586,591,593,594.

Absorption of water by limestone, 336.

Brines, 616, 619.

Caverns, 586.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 588,596. 

Principal Survey publication:

Formation of travertine and siliceous

sinter, 684. 

Seepage, 336,343. 

Springs. See also Thermal springs:

Analyses, 53,392.

Composition, 145,392,591.

Deposits, 145,261,588,589,590,595,597.

Descriptions, 145, 285, 291, 317,392,472,586, 

591.

Temperature, 392.

Uses:

Bathing, 594. 

Resorts, 406,586,594. 

General, 392.

Work of:

In altering rocks, 595. 

General, 145.

Yield, 406. 

Thermal springs and geysers:

Analyses, 54, 55, 594.

Composition, 591.

Descriptions, 145, 354, 408, 577,686.

Relations to igneous rocks, 145, 586, 595. 

Underground waters:

Descriptions, 472, 593.

Work of solution, 586. 

Water horizons, 453.

Montana Continued. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 593. 

Temperature, 95.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 145, 439, 577. 

Mud cones, etc., 626.

Myricke formation, occurrence of water in, 569. 

Natural wells, North Carolina, 77. 

Nebraska.

Absorption of water, 100, 529.

Brines, 4, 14, 619.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters.

Principal Survey publications: 

Camp Clarke folio, 100. 

Edgemont folio, 103. 

Groundwater at Kearney, 528. 

Underground waters in southeastern Nebraska, 91. 

Water resources of Patrick and Goshen

Hole quadrangles, 4. 

Water resources west of the one hundred

and third meridian, 90, 99. 

Wells and windmills, 14. 

Sinks and caves, 103. 

Springs:

Deposits, 103.

Descriptions, 4, 14, 90,100,101, 393. 

Measurements, 254. 

Thermal, 98. 

Use for resorts, 406. 

Yield, 406. 

Underground waters:

Descriptions, 4, 14, 90, 91, 98,100,101,103,

362, 437.

Work of solutions, 103. 

Water horizons, 4, 90, 91, 98, 100,103. 

Wells:

Analyses, 103. 

Breathing, 14. 

Cost, 345.

Description, 91, 346. 

Fluctuation, 528. 

Problems, 579. 

Pumping by windmills, 14. 

Records, 4, 14, 31, 103, 345. 

Salt, 14. 

Statistics, 345. 

Temperature, 96, 575. 

Uses:

Irrigation, 90, 91. 

Town supplies, 14. 

Work of the U. S. Geological Survey, 104, 353,

355, 374, 440, 573, 574, 578, 580. 

Nevada.

Absorption of streams, 373.

Brines, 112, 616.

Caves and solution fissures, 197.

Mine waters, 19, 20, 324.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 20, 21, 22, 76, 197, 522, 595. 

Springs:

Analyses, 63, 392, 476. 

Composition, 392, 477. 

Deposits, 7, 476. 

Descriptions, 374, 392, 476, 684.
FULLER.] EELATING TO UNDEEGEOUND WATEES. 115

Nevada Continued. 

Springs Continued.

Measurements, 261.

Occurrence on faults, 476.

Sulphur, 110.

Temperature, 392, 476.

Uses, 392.

Yield, 392. 

Thermal springs:

Deposits, 522.

Descriptions, 7, 21, 22, 427, 476, 521, 522. 

Underground waters, work of. See also Ore 

deposits.

Cementation, 522.

Oxidation. 522.

Solution, 197.

Newark formation, occurrence of water in, 444. 

New Hampshire.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publication:

Well and spring records, 29. 

Springs:

Analyses, 29.

Descriptions, 29.

Quality, 29.

Temperature, 29.

Uses, 29, 406.

Yield, 29, 406.

Underground water conditions, 29. 

Wells:

Analyses, 29, 392.

Descriptions, 29, 392.

Quality. 29, 392.

Temperature, 29, 392.

Uses, 29, 392.

Yield, 392.

Work of the U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 580. 

New Jersey.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publications:

Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic

Coastal Plain, 86. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392.

Descriptions, 392.

Quality, 392.

Temperature, 392.

Use, 392.

Yield. 392.

Underground waters, 86, 444. 

Water horizons, 86. 

Wells, 86, 444.

Analyses, 392.

Descriptions, 86, 444.

Records, 77, 86, 613.

Temperature, 86. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 439, 471,

580. 

Newrnan formation, occurrence of water in, 34,

35. 

New Mexico.

Mineral waters, occurrence of, 234.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publication:

Irrigation in Mesilla Valley, 15.

New Mexico Continued. 

Sinks in gypsum, 234. 

Springs:

Analyses, 55, 59, 64, 392.

Descriptions, 392, 466.

Quality, 392.

Temperature, 392.

Uses, 392, 406.

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters:

Composition, 234.

Descriptions, 15, 234, 466.

Work of solution, 234. 

Wells:

Composition, 234, 429.

Description, 234, 346, 429. 

Work of the U. S. Geological Survey, 104,580. 

New York.

Absorption of water by limestone, 455.

Brines, 112,448,449,450,451,616,619.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publications:

Sewage pollution in the Metropolitan 

area, 292.

Water resources. 454, 455. 

Springs:

Analyses, 64, 392.

Brine, 448, 449, 450, 451.

Description, 392, 454, 610.

Quality, 392, 610.

Temperature, 392, 610.

Uses, 392, 406, 610.

Yield, 392, 406, 610. 

Streams, underground, 456. 

Underground waters, 444, 456, 610. 

Water horizons, 86, 249, 580. 

Wells:

Analyses, 610.

Brines, 112.

Descriptions, 86, 444, 455, 610.

Quality, 610.

Records, 86, 610.

Temperature, 86, 610.

Uses, 610.

Yield, 610.

Work of the U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 471. 

New Zealand springs, 584. 

Niagara limestone, occurrence of water in, 43,

371, 556. 

Niotrara formation, occurrence of water in, 441,

545. 

North Carolina.

Absorption of streams, 371.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters.

Natural wells, 77. 

Principal Survey publications:

Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic 

Coastal Plain, 86.

Norfolk folio, 97. 

Sinks, 443. 

Springs:

Analyses, 60, 392.

Descriptions, 269, 270, 274,347, 371, 392,442, 

443.

Quality, 392.

Temperature, 392.
116 INDEX TO PAPEKS [NO. 120.

North Carolina Continued. 

Springs Continued. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters: 

Descriptions, 86, 97. 

Work of solution, 443. 

Water horizons, 86, 97. 

Well prospects and records, 86, 97. 

North Dakota. 

Brines, 560. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters.

Springs, 538, 560. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 346,437. 

Records, 538. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104, 572, 573,

574, 576, 578, 580.

OgaUala formation, occurrence of water in, 90. 

Ohio.

Brines:

Analyses, 449.

Descriptions, 108, 379, 449, 616, 619. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

.Principal Survey publications:

Natural features and economic development of the Sandusky, Maumee,-Muskingon, and Miami drainage areas, 152. 

Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, 302. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 301,392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 408. 

Subterranean drainage, 301. 

Underground waters: 

Analyses, 301. 

Description, 301, 419, 437. 

Use for public supplies, 152, 301. 

Water horizons, 301, 380. 

Wells:

Brine, 449.

Description, 152,306,380,628. 

Lists, 185.

Records, 38,419,468. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 574. 

Oil and gas, relation of underground waters to, 3,

150, 226, 422, 436, 525. 

Oklahoma.

Wells, descriptions of, 346. 

Work of the U. S. Geological Survey, 104,580. 

Oligocene waters. See Underground waters, occurrence of, systems.

Onondaga formation, occurrence of water in, 380. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of 

General relations, 565. 

Localities:

Alabama, 225.

Alaska, 325.

Arizona, 462,463,463a, 465.

Arkansas, 5,6,11,223,564.

California, 22,308,595.

Colorado, 141,142,144,414,447,460,461,519.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of Continued. 

Localities Continued.

Georgia, 218,221,225,228,230. 

Idaho, 311.. 

Illinois, 12,13. 

Iowa, 332. 

Kansas, 510. 

Kentucky, 511. 

Lake Superior, 297, 563. 

Michigan, 17, 66, 67, 299, 362, 515, 562. 

Minnesota, 69, 296, 563. 

Mississippi Valley, 76. 

Missouri, 11, 76, 510, 564, 625. 

Montana, 588, 596. 

Nevada, 21, 22, 76, 197, 522, 595. 

Pacific coast, 21,22. 

South Dakota, 147, 262. 

Tennessee, 218, 220, 221, 224, 232, 275. 

.Utah, 143, 298, 518, 520, 549, 575. 

Wyoming, 517. 

General, 6, 565. 

Oregon.

Absorption of streams by lava, 289. 

Absorption of water by pumice and lava, 289. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publications:

Artesian basins of southwestern Idaho

and southeastern Oregon, 486, 487,488. 

Geological reconnaissance in southern

Oregon, 475. 

Nampa folio, 315. 

Springs, common and thermal 

Analyses, 313,392,427. 

Deposits, 313,427. 

Descriptions, 281,288,289, 313, 315, 392, 427,

475,487, 612.

Occurrence on faults, 475. 

Temperature, 392,406. 

Thermal, 281,288,427,443,475,612. 

Uses, 392,406. 

Yield, 392,406. 

Underground channels, 123. 

Underground waters:

Descriptions, 374,487,488. 

Uses, 487. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 315. 

Problems, 579. 

Records, 315.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104,580. 

Oxidation by underground waters, 522. 

Pacific coast. See also under State entries.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters, in

formation of, 21,22.

Fahasapa formation, occurrence of water in, 102. 

Paluxy formation, occurrence of water in,242. 

Pamunkey formation, occurrence of water in, 78,

85,86.

Payette formation, occurrence of water in, 310. 

Pennsylvania. 

Brines, 585. 

Mine waters: 

Analyses, 294. 

Descriptions, 33,294.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral 

waters.
FULLER.] RELATIHG TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 117

Pennsylvania Continued.

Principal Survey publications:

Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic

coastal plain, 86. 

Quality of water in the Susquehanna River

drainage basin, 294.

Water resources of the Philadelphia district, 16. 

Springs:

Analyses, 294, 392. 

Descriptions, 294, 392. 

Quality, 392, 406. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

^ield, 392. 

Underground waters:

Descriptions, 16, 41, 42, 43, 294. 

Use for public supplies, 467. 

Water horizons, 16, 86. 

Well incrustation, analysis of, 55. 

Wells:

Analyses, 294.

Descriptions, 89,160,467.

Records, 41, 42, 43, 44,160,161,163, 467,468,

614.

Temperature, 96. 

Uses, 467.

Permeability of rocks, 500. 

Fetrefaction by underground waters, 480. 

Philippine Islands.

Hot Springs and solfataras, 24. 

Pierre shales, occurrence of water in, 90,547. 

Pleistocene waters. See Underground waters,

occurrence of, systems. 

Poison Canyon formation, occurrence of water

in, 245,246. 

Porosity.

Rocks, 277,499,500,565. 

Sands, 362,453,456,499,500. 

Soil, 277,362,499,500. 

General, 277, 341, 362, 500,565. 

Porto Rico.

Springs, common and thermal. 

Analyses, 241. 

Composition, 241. 

Descriptions, 241. 

Use for bathing, 241.

Potassium salts from mineral waters, 120. 

Potomac formation, occurrence of water in, 78,

86, 94, 328. 

Potsdam formation, occurrence of water in, 6, 9,

381, 500, 556. 

Power, use of springs and pumps for. See Uses

of springs and wells.

Public supplies from underground sources. 

Georgia, 327. 

Louisiana, 164. 

Nebraska, 14. 

Ohio, 152. 

Pennsylvania, 467. 

Vermont, 420.

Pumice, absorption of water by, in Oregon, 289. 

Pumping and other methods of lifting water. 

Cost, 320, 356. 

Descriptions:

Arizona, 106, 282, 283. 

California, 49, 187, 208, 251, 320, 321, 322, 

356.

Pumping and other methods of lifting water 

Continued.

Descriptions Continued. 

Georgia, 362. 

Great Plains, 72. 

India, 621, 624. 

Kansas, 375. 

Louisiana, 210. 

Nebraska, 14. 

Public lands, 346. 

Texas, 252. 

United States, 343. 

General, 14, 277, 526, 527, 622, 623. 

Pumping machinery. 

Efficiency, 15. 

Types, 250. 

Turbines, 14. 

Windmills, descriptions and use of, 14, 338,

339, 340, 357, 358, 360, 421. 

Quality of waters. See Composition. 

Quaternary waters. See Underground waters,

occurrence of, systems. 

Rainfall, absorption of, 149, 454. 

Rancocas formation, occurrence of water in, 86. 

Baritan formation, occurrence of water in, 21,35,

59.

Records. 

Geologic:

Borings and wells: 

Alabama, 501, 502. 

Arizona, 283, 463. 

Arkansas, 446. 

California, 208, 307. 

Delaware, 77.

District of Columbia, 86, 94. 

Florida, 77,169. 

Georgia, 86: 

Idaho, 315. 

Illinois, 9, 37.

Indiana, 37, 158, 159, 303, 304, 305, 422. 

Iowa, 31, 332. 

Kentucky, 177. 

Louisiana, 210, 226, 

Massachusetts, 73,139, 627. 

Maryland, 86. 

Michigan, 71. 

Minnesota, 207, 546, 559. 

Mississippi, 501. 

Missouri, 211, 497, 514, 625. 

Nebraska, 4, 14, 31, 103, 345. 

New Jersey, 77, 86, 613. 

New York, 86, 610. 

North Carolina, 86, 97. 

North Dakota, 538. 

Ohio, 38, 306, 419, 468. 

Oregon, 315. 

Pennsylvania, 41, 42, 43, 44, 160, 161,

163, 467, 468, 614. 

Rhode Island, 153, 627. 

South Dakota., 102, 103, 538, 539, 541r

542, 543, 544. 

Tennessee, 176. 

Texas, 2, 226, 568. 

Vermont, 420,

Virginia, 86, 97, 154, 468, 479, 613. 

Washington, 480. 

Western Gulf coast, 3, 

Western interior, 2.
118 INDEX TO PAPERS [NO. 120.

Records Continued. 

Geologic Continued.

Borings and wells Continued. 

West Virginia, 38, 39, 40, 468. 

Wyoming, 23,102. 

General:

Importance of, 45. 

Interpretation of, 45. 

Statistical: 

Springs:

Eastern United States (see also under

States), 334. 

Wells:

California, 320.

Colorado, 345.

Eastern United States (see also under

States), 334. 

Kansas, 345. 

Mississippi Valley, 574. 

United States, 95, 96. 

General, 322, 323.

Redbank formation, occurrence of water in, 78. 

Relation of underground waters to oil and gas,

3,185, 186, 333, 379, 422.

Eesorts, use of springs for, 392, 406, 586, 594. 

Rhode Island.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publication.

Well and spring records, 74. 

Springs:

Analyses, 74, 392. 

Deposits, mud cones, 495. 

Descriptions, 74, 392, 626. 

Quality, 74, 392. 

Temperature, 74, 392. 

Uses, 74, 392. 

Yield, 74, 392. 

Wells:

Analyses, 74. 

Descriptions, 74. 

Quality, 74. 

Records, 153, 627. 

Temperature, 74. 

Uses, 74, 406. 

Yield, 74, 406.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 580. 

Rio Grande basin, absorption of streams, 437. 

Rocks, absorption of water by, general. 

California, 286. 

Colorado, 529.

Rocky Mountains, sulphur springs, 617. 

Rutledge limestone, occurrence of water in, 270,

271, 273. 

St. Peter sandstone, occurrence of water in, 9,

556.

Salt, deposit of, from springs, 555. 

Salt from mineral waters, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385,

386, 387, 388, 389, 616. 

Sand, occurrence of water in (see also Drift),

529.

Sanitary aspects of underground waters, 293. 

Seepage.

Arizona, 98, 101,190, 362. 

California, 188, 320, 322.

Seepage Continued.

Colorado, 142,149, 257, 345, 362. 

Idaho, 105. 

India, 621, 624. 

Montana, 336, 343. 

Nebraska, 4,101, 347. 

Public lands, 346. 

[Ttah, 155, 347, 352. 

Wyoming, 4. 

General, 155, 347, 352. 

Shale, occurrence of water in, 5, 453. 

Silicious sinter. See Deposits, springs. 

Siliciflcation by underground waters, 519. 

Silurian waters. See Underground waters, occurrence of, springs. 

Sinks. See Solution, sinks. 

Sinks, absorption of water by, 496, 500. 

Sioux quartzite, occurrence of water in, 543,544. 

Solfataras. See Springs, solfataras. 

Solution by underground waters, work of. 

Basins, 483. 

Caves and caverns:

California, 551, 554.

Colorado, 141.

Iowa, 332.

Kentucky, 34, 35.

Montana, 586.

Nebraska, 103.

Nevada, 197.

South Dakota, 103.

Tennessee, 232. ,

Texas, 240, 569.

General, 494. 

Channels:

Kentucky, 34, 35, 557.

Tennessee, 232.

Washington, 377.

General, 222. 

Coves, 219.

Fissures, Nevada, 197. 

Sinks:

Florida, 77.

High Plains, 267.

Kansas, 215.

Kentucky, 34,35.

Michigan, 364.

Nebraska, 103.

New Mexico, 234.

North Carolina, 443.

South Dakota, 103.

Tennessee, 232, 270, 273.

Virginia, 92.

West Virginia, 88, 92. 

General:

Solution of dolomite, Colorado, 519.

Wyoming, 151.

South Carolina.

Craterlets and springs associated with the

Charleston earthquake, 130. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publication:

Artesian prospects of the Atlantic Coastal

Plain, 86. 

Sinks and caves, 103.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 119

South Carolina Continued. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392,406. 

Underground waters. 86. 

Water horizons, 86. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 86. 

Temperature, 86. 

South Dakota.

Brines, 102,619.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 147,262. 

Principal Survey publications: 

Alexandria folio, 544. 

Edgemont folio, 103. 

Geology and water resources of part of

the lower James River Valley, 206. 

Huron folio, 547. 

Mitchell folio, 543. 

Newcastle folio, 102. 

New developments in well boring and

irrigation, 89. 

Oelrichs folio, 98. 

Olivet folio, 541. 

Parker folio, 542. 

Water resources in Black Hills and in

Wyoming, 93. 

Water resources of southeastern South

Dakota, 540. 

Sinks and caves, 103. 

Springs:

Analyses, 89.

Composition, 539.

Deposits, 103.

Descriptions, 93, 538, 539, 540, 541, 642, 544,

547.

Uses, 406. 

Yield, 406. 

Underground waters:

Descriptions, 89, 93,102, 103, 374, 540, 542,

543,544,545,547. 

Occurrence as streams, 182. 

Waste of, 545. 

Water horizons, 93,102,103,539,541,542,543,544,

545,547. 

Wells:

Analyses, 89,102,103.

Descriptions, 89,93,346,437.

Fluctuations, 540.

Interference, 540.

Pressure in, 89.

Pressure, decline of, 545.

Records, 102,103,538,539,541,542,543,544.

Temperature, 89,96,541.

Uses:

Supply for lake, 89. 

Irrigation, 89.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104,357,361, 

439,440,573,574,576,577,578,580.

Springs.

Classification, 392, 406. 

Descriptions:

Geysers. See Geysers.

Hot springs. See Springs, description,

thermal.

Springs in general 

Localities:

Alabama, 204, 392. 

Alaska, 70, 325, 392, 498. 

Arizona, 127,128, 290,317, 392,463a,

528.

Arkansas, 1, 59, 392,446. 

California, 22, 67,105,121,134,146,

170, 251, 286, 307, 308, 312, 319,

321, 392, 458, 477, 533, 553. 

Canada, Manitoba, 560. 

Cascade Mountains, 129. * 

Colorado, 60, 75, 137, 141,142, 244,

264, 357, 362, 392,435,447,461,516. 

Connecticut, 183, 247, 392, 500. 

Dakotas, 392. 

Delaware, 392. 

Eastern United States, 334, 335,

392.

Florida, 77,169, 203, 392, 434. 

Georgia, 105, 202, 214, 253, 324, 392. 

Great Plains, 214. 

- High Plains, 267.

Idaho, 284, 310, 311, 317, 392, 473,

482, 483, 484, 485, 487, 488, 523. 

Illinois, 292.

Indiana, 159,161,162, 300, 301, 392. 

Kansas, 184, 212, 215, 392, 445, 489. 

Kentucky, 34, 35, 392. 

Louisiana, 392. 

Maine, 18, 392, 524. 

Maryland, 87, 392. 

Massachusetts, 73,139,392, 492, 493,

496,626.

Michigan, 71, 280, 392. 

Minnesota, 207, 392, 560. 

Mississippi, 392. 

Missouri, 1, 62, 63, 392, 497. 

Molokai, 314, 392. 

Montana, 53, 145, 261, 285, 291, 317,

392, 472, 686, 588, 689, 590, 591,

594, 595, 597.

Nebraska, 4,14, 90, 98, 100,101,392. 

Nevada, 7, 53,110, 251, 374, 392,476,

477, 547, 584.

New Hampshire, 29, 392. 

New Jersey, 392. 

New Mexico, 55, 59, 64, 392, 466. 

New York, 64,392, 448, 449, 450,451,

454, 610. 

North Carolina, 269, 270, 271, 274,

347, 371, 392, 442, 443. 

North Dakota, 538, 560. 

Ohio, 301, 392. 

Oregon, 281, 288, 289, 313, 315, 392,

427, 475, 487, 612. 

Pennsylvania, 16, 294, 392. 

Philippines, 24. 

Porto Rico, 241. 

Rhode Island, 74, 392, 495, 626.
120 INDEX TO PAPERS [NO. 120.

Springs Continued.

Descriptions Continued.

Springs in general Continued. 

Localities Continued.

South Dakota, 89, 93,103, 538, 539,

540, 541, 542, 544, 547. 

South Apalachians, 442. 

Tennessee, 61,269,270,271, 274,364,

392,442,443.

Texas, 239,240,243,252,254,257,260, 

342,347, 357,372, 392, 536, 537, 568, 

572.

Utah, 27,56,75,170,392,504,534,549. 

Vermont, 392,420. 

Virginia, 53, 54, 66, 87, 92,154, 354,

392,442. 

Washington, 260, 354, 392, 425, 426,

505,506,507. 

West Virginia, 92. 

Wyoming, 4,8,93,136, 151,191,192,

193,194,195,196,198,201,392. 

Yellowstone National Park, 54,57, 

58,178,189,190) 191, 192, 193, 194, 

195,198, 199, 200, 362,392,432,433, 

434,583,584,587. 

General papers:

Algus growth in, 193. 

Beneath glaciers, 524. 

Distribution in the United States,

406.

Contamination, 500. 

Craterlets formed by springs: 

Charleston earthquake, 130. 

Rhode Island, 495. 

Erosion by, Maine, 524. 

Failure of, California, 533. 

Geology of, 406.

Lists of, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 397, 

398,402,403, 404, 405, 410,411,412, 

413,417. 

Origin, 406. 

Eelation to igneous intrusions,

145,686,595.

Source of mineralization, 406. 

Types of waters: 

Alum, 34,35, 

Brine:

Arizona, 616. 

Colorado, 616, 619. 

Dakotas, 616. 

Idaho, 616. 

Illinois, 619. 

Indiana, 619. 

Kansas, 619. 

Kentucky, 619. 

Montana, 616, 619. 

Nebraska, 619. 

Nevada, 616.

New York, 448. 449, 616, 619. 

Oregon, 616. 

Pacific coast, 616. 

South Dakota, 619. 

Tenuessee, 619. 

United States, 616, 619. 

Western Gulf coast, 3. 

Chalybeate, Kentucky, 34,35.

Springs Continued.

Descriptions Continued.

Springs in general Continued. 

Localities Continued. 

Oil and gas: 

Alaska, 325. 

Tennessee, 36. 

Sulphur:

Alaska, 70. 

Kentucky, 34, 35. 

Nevada, 110. 

Rocky Mountains, 617. 

Tennessee, 272. 

Wyoming, 136, 201. 

Solfataras:

California, 121. 

Utah, 110. 

General, 24.

Thermal springs. See also Geysers, solf ataras, and springs in general. 

Descriptions:

California, 22,121. 

Colorado, 137,142, 357. 

Florida, 434. 

Idaho, 309, 310, 311, 316. 

Montana, 145, 354, 408, 586. 

Nebraska, 54,55,98,577,591,594,595. 

Nevada, 7, 21, 22, 427, 476, 521, 522. 

Oregon, 281, 288, 313, 427, 475. 

Philippine Islands, 24. 

Porto Rico, 241. 

Tennessee, 276. 

Utah, 252. 

Virginia, 92. 

West Virginia, 92. 

Wyoming, 136,151, 201. 

Work on, 57, 189, 190, 217, 432, 433, 434, 440. 

General: 

 Occurrence on earthquake fissure,

477, 553.

Origin of thermal waters, 447. 

Relation to igneous intrusions, 145,

586, 595.

Springs, deposits of. See Deposits. 

Springs, discharge of. See Discharge. 

Springs, mineral, production of. See Mineral

waters.

Springs, relation to faults. See Faults. 

Springs, relation to fissures. See Fissures. 

Springs, relation to folds. See Folds. 

Springs, relation to igneous intrusions. See Igneous intrusions. 

Springs, statistics. See Mineral waters and

springs, descriptions.

Springs, uses of. See Uses of underground waters. 

Statistics.

Discharge. See Discharge.

Mineral water production. See Mineral

waters, production of. 

Mineral waters, work on, 401. 

Necessity of, 370. 

Springs. See Springs. 

Wells. See Wells.

streams, sinking and intermittent. See Absorption of streams. 

Streams, underground, 182, 456.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 121

Structures.

Collecting ditches, 283,371.

Collecting galleries, 500, 622.

Collecting and drainage tunnels, 28, 287, 318,

323, 366, 622. 

Infiltration works, 481. 

Subsurface dams, 500, 622. 

Underflow canal, 343. 

Subsurface dams. See Structures. 

Sucking wells. See Breathing wells. 

Sulphur deposited by springs, 70,121, 216. 

Temperature. 

Springs:

Alabama, 392.

Alaska, 392.

Arizona, 392.

Arkansas, 392: 446.

California, 392.

Colorado, 392.

Connecticut, 183, 392.

Dakotas, 392.

Delaware, 392.

Florida, 169, 392.

Georgia, 392.

Idaho, 392.

Illinois, 392.

Indiana, 392.

Indian Territory, 392.

Iowa, 392.

Kansas, 392.

Kentucky, 392.

Louisiana, 392.

Maine, 18, 392.

Maryland, 392.

Massachusetts, 73, 392

Michigan, 71, 392.

Minnesota, 207, 392.

Mississippi, 392.

Missouri, 392, 497.

Montana, 392.

Nebraska, 392.

Nevada, 392, 476.

New Hampshire, 29, 392.

New Jersey, 392.

New Mexico, 392.

New York, 392, 610.

North Carolina, 392.

Ohio, 392.

Oregon, 392.

Pennsylvania, 392.

Rhode Island, 74, 392.

South Carolina, 392.

Tennessee, 392.

Texas, 392.

United States, 392, 406.

Utah, 392.

Vermont, 392, 420.

Virginia, 392.

Washington, 392.

 West Virginia, 392.

Wisconsin, 392.

Wyoming, 392.

Yellowstone National Park, 178,190, 392.

General, 406. 

Wells:

Alabama, 95, 502.

Arkansas, 95.

Temperature Continued. 

Wells Continued.

California, 95.

Colorado, 95.

Connecticut, 183.

Delaware, 86.

District of Columbia, 86.

Florida, 95,169.

Georgia, 86, 95.

Great Plains, 214.

Idaho, 95, 316, 484, 485.

Illinois, 95.

Iowa, 95.

Louisiana, 95.

Maine, 18.

Alaryland, 86.

Massachusetts, 73.

Michigan, 71, 95, 279.

Minnesota, 95.

Mississippi, 95.

Missouri, 95, 479.

Montana, 95.

Nebraska, 96.

New Hampshire, 29. ,

New Jersey, 86, 96.

New York, 86, 610.

North Carolina, 86.

Pennsylvania, 96.

.Rhode Island, 74.

South Carolina, 86, 96.

South Dakota, 89, 96, 541.

Tennessee, 96.

Texas, 96.

United States, 95,96.

Virginia, 86, 96.

Washington, 96, 480, 505.

West Virginia, 63,171, 172, 439, 440, 574.

Wisconsin, 96.

General, 45. 

General papers:

Causes of temperature 

Igneous action, 477. 

General, 475.

Effect on water level, 565.

Mine waters 

Comstock lode, Nevada, 19,20.

Temperature work in Nevada, 575.

Temperature work in West Virginia, 63,

171, 172, 439, 440, 574. 

Tennessee.

Absorption of streams by underground channels, 219. 

Brines, 619. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters, in

formation of, 218,220,221,224,232,275. 

Principal Survey publication:

Well records, 176. 

Sinks, caves, etc., 232,270,271,273. 

Springs:

Analyses, 61,364,392.

Descriptions, 269,270,271, 274,364, 392,442, 

443.

Oil springs, 36.

Quality, 392. ]

Temperature, 392.
122 INDEX TO PAPEES [NO. 120.

Tennessee Continued. 

Springs Continued:

Thermal springs in limestone, 275. 

Use:

Power, 442. 

General, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406.

Underground channels, 222,272,273,442. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 272. 

Descriptions, 176. 

Occurrence, 272, 273, 442. 

Work of:

Formation of coves, 219. 

Solution, 232. 

Water horizons, 202, 207. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 176. 

Quality, 176. 

Records, 176. 

Temperature, 96. 

Uses, 176. 

Yield, 176.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167, 580. 

Tertiary waters. See Underground waters, occurrence of, systems. 

Testing of wells. See Wells. 

Texas.

Absorption of streams, 99. 

Brines, 226, 229. 

Caves:

Deposits in, 236. 

Descriptions of, 240, 569. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters.

Principal Survey publications: 

Austin dam, 535. 

Austin folio, 243. 

Black and Grand prairies, 242. 

Irrigation systems, 252, 536. 

Nueces folio, 240. 

Underground waters of the Edwards

Plateau and Rio Grande Plain, 239. 

Uvalde folio, 569. 

Water powers of Texas, 537. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Deposits:

Analyses, 260. 

Descriptions, 260. 

Descriptions, 240, 242, 243. 

Measurements, 252, 254, 257, 260, 347, 357,

372, 392, 536, 537, 568, 572. 

Occurrence on:

Faults, 239, 240, 569. 

Fissures, 239. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Use:

Irrigation, 536, 537. 

Power, 357, 536, 537, 569. 

Resorts, 406. 

General, 392. 

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground streams, 243, 342, 456.

Texas Continued.

Underground waters:

Chemistry and composition, 236, 242. 

Descriptions, 229, 232, 238, 239,242, 270, 273,

437,575.

Work of solution, 240, 569. 

Water horizons, 239, 240, 242, 243, 569. 

Wells:

Analyses, 239.

Composition, 236, 242.

Drilling, 226.

Descriptions, 226, 252, 254, 257,342, 346,537,

568.

Experiments, 237. 

Pumping for irrigation, 252. 

Records, 2, 226, 568. 

Temperature, 96. 

Thermal, 226. 

Use for irrigation, 252, 536. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104,439, 572,

573, 574, 577, 580.

Therapeutics. See Uses of underground waters. 

Travertine. See Deposits, springs. 

Travie Peak formation, occurrence of water in,

239. 

Trenton limestone, occurrence of water in, 292,

379,380,422. 

Trinity formation, occurrence of water in, 99,

240,242.

Tufa deposits. See Deposits, springs. 

"Underflow canals, 343.

"Underflow, instruments for measuring, 500. 

"Underflow, measurement of, 500,578. 

"Underground water.

Depth, limits of, 500,561,565.

Effect of irrigation on level of, 156,187,188.

Effect of uplift and subsidence on, 565.

Influence on floods, 341.

Laws relating to, 30,179,248,357,374,572.

Movements of:

Flow in porous media, 277,499,500. 

In fissures, 277. 

Underflow in Arizona, 283. 

Occurrence of: 

Formations: 

Arikaree:

Nebraska, 4, 90, 101. 

Benton:

Montana, 588. 

South Dakota, 543, 544, 545. 

Berea grit:

Michigan, 280.

Blackwater hole beds, Texas, 240. 

Brule clays:

Nebraska, 4, 90,101 

Wyoming, 4. 

Calaveras:

California, 554. 

Chadron:

Nebraska, 90. 

Chattanooga shale: 

Tennessee, 272. 

Chesapeake:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86. 

Delaware, 86. 

Maryland, 86,87.
FDLLEE.] EELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATEES. 123

"Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Formations Continued. 

Chesapeake Continued. 

New Jersey, 86. 

Virginia, 86,87. 

Chester Valley limestone:

Pennsylvania, 16. 

Chickies quartzite:

Pennsylvania, 16. 

Clinton:

Ohio, 380. 

Columbia:

' Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86. 

Delaware, 86. 

District of Columbia, 94. 

Maryland, 78,86,87,94. 

North Carolina, 97. 

South Carolina, 86. 

Virginia, 78,86,87,94,97. 

Comanche" eak:

Texas, 240. 

Corniferous limestone:

Ohio, 380. 

Corsicana:

Texas, 242. 

Cretaceous marl: 

Delaware, 86. 

Dakota sandstone:

Colorado, 173,174,175, 244, 245, 246.

Dakotas, 84, 93.

Kansas, 212, 213.

Minnesota, 560.

Nebraska, 90,91, 98,100, 101, 103.

North Dakota, 560.

South Dakota, 93, 102, 103, 539,

541, 542, 543, 544, 546, 547. 

Wyoming, 102. 

General, 354, 500, 613. 

Denison:

Texas, 242. 

Devonian limestone:

Illinois, 55C. 

Edwards limestone:

Texas, 239, 240, 242, 243, 569. 

Galena limestone: 

Illinois, 556. 

Iowa, 332. 

Gering:

Nebraska, 90. 

Glen Rose:

Texas, 242, 569. 

Hudson River shales:

Illinois, 556. 

John Day:

Washington, 480. 

Knox dolomite:

North Carolina,269,270,271,272,273. 

Tennessee, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273. 

Lafayette:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86. 

Maryland, 78, 86, 87. 

South Carolina, 86. 

Virginia, 78, 86, 87. 

Lakota sandstone: 

Nebraska, 103. 

South Dakota, 102,103.

"Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Formations Continued.

Lakota sandstone Continued.

Wyoming, 102.

General, 93. 

Laramie:

Nebraska, 90,101. 

Leona:

Texas, 569. 

Lower Magnesian limestone:

Illinois, 556. 

Magothy:

Maryland, 86. 

Manasquan:

New Jersey, 86. 

Marshall:

Michigan, 280. 

Matawan:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86.

New Jersey, 86.

Pennsylvania, 16. 

Medina:

Ohio, 380. 

Middle marl:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86. 

Minnekahta:

Nebraska, 98,103.

South Dakota, 103. 

Minnelusa:

South Dakota, 93. 

Monmouth:

Pennsylvania, 16. 

Myrick:

Texas, 569. 

Navesink:

New Jersey, 86. 

Newark:

New Jersey, 444. 

Newman:

Kentucky, 34, 35. 

Niagara limestone:

Illinois, 556.

Indiana, 379.

Ohio. 379, 380. 

Niobrara:

South Dakota, 541, 545. 

Ogallala:

Nebraska, 90. 

Ohio shale:

Ohio, 380. 

Onondaga:

Ohio, 380. 

Pahasapa:

South Dakota, 102

Wyoming, 102. 

Paluxy:

Texas, 242. 

Pamunkey

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86.

Delaware, 86.

Maryland, 78, 86, 87.

Virginia, 78, 86, 87. 

Fayette:

Idaho, 310.
124 INDEX TO PAPERS [NO. 120.

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Formations Continued. 

Pierre shales:

Nebraska, 90. 

South Dakota, 547. 

Poison Canyon:

Colorado, 245, 246. 

Potomac:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86.

Delaware, 86.

District of Columbia, 94.

Maryland, 78, 86, 94, 328.

North Carolina, 97.

South Carolina, 86.

Virginia, 78, 86, 94, 97. 

Potsdam sandstone:

Illinois, 9, 556.

Indiana, 9.

General, 500. 

Rancocas:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86.

New Jersey, 86. 

Earitan:

Delaware, 86.

New Jersey, 86.

Pennsylvania, 16. 

Redbank:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86.

New Jersey, 86. 

Rutledge limestone:

Tennessee, 270, 271, 273. 

St. Peter sandstone:

Illinois, 9, 556.

Indiana, 9. 

Severn:

Maryland, 86. 

Shark River:

New Jersey, 86. 

Sioux quartzite:

South Dakota, 543, 544. 

Travis Peak:

Texas, 239. 

Trenton limestone:

Illinois, 556.

Indiana, 379, 422.

Ohio, 379, 380. 

Trinity:

Texas, 99, 240, 242. 

Upper Heldeberg limestone:

Indiana, 379.

Ohio, 379. 

Waverly:

Ohio, 380. 

Wissahickon gneiss:

Pennsylvania, 16. 

Woodbine:

Texas, 242.

Materials (see also Formations): 

Alluvium:

Kansas, 215.

Nebraska, 101.

Utah, 549. 

Andesite:

California, 458. 

Basalt:

Texas, 569.

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Materials Continued. 

Crystalline rocks:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86.

District of Columbia, 94.

General, 318. 

Delta deposits:

California, 320, 323. 

Dolomites:

Arkansas, 5.

Drift (see also Quaternary and Pleistocene):

Illinois, 9,167, 300, 302, 305.

Indiana, 9, 162, 301, 303, 304, 305.

Minnesota, 560.

New York, 82, 249.

Ohio, 301,380.

South Dakota, 547.

General, 45. 

Dune sands:

Colorado, 174. 

Granite:

Idaho, 310. 

Gravel:

Arizona, 283.

California, 323.

Colorado, 174.

Massachusetts, 493.

General, 45, 277, 499, 500. 

Igneous rocks:

California, 312. ^ 

Lava:

Arizona, 428.

Idaho, 473, 482, 483.

Oregon, 289.

Washington, 480, 481.

General, 105 

Limestone:

Arkansas, 5.

General, 45. 

Sand:

Nebraska, 529.

General, 45, 277, 499, 500. 

Sandstone:

General, 45. 

Serpentine:

New York, 249. 

Shale:

Arkansas, 5.

Montana, 588. 

Stream deposits:

California, 208. 

Structures:

Earthquake fissures, 477, 553. 

Faults. 140, 170, 239, 240, 247, 308, 475,

476,477, 500, 553, 569. 

Fissil rocks, 565.

Fissures, general, 239, 277, 284, 480. 

Joints, 565, 568.

Underground channels, Oregon, 123. 

Vesicules, 565.

Systems. See also Formations. 

Silurian:

Michigan, 279,280. 

Devonian:

Michigan, 279,280.
FULLER.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATERS. 125

Underground water Continued.

Occurrence of Continued. 

Systems Continued. 

Carboniferous: 

Illinois, 162. 

Indiana, 162. 

Kansas, 215. 

Michigan, 279. 

Nebraska, 90. 

Ohio, 380. 

Cretaceous:

Great Plains, 214. 

High Plains, 267. 

Mississippi, 266. 

Montana, 588. 

Nebraska, 4. 

New York, 86, 249. 

South Carolina, 86. 

Texas, 240, 242. 

Wyoming, 4. 

Tertiary:

Great Plains, 214. 

High Plains, 267. 

Kansas, 212, 213, 215. 

Mississippi, 266. 

Pennsylvania, 16. 

Eocene:

South Carolina, 86. 

Miocene:

Atlantic Coastal Plain, 86. 

Louisiana, 210. 

South Carolina, 86. 

Neocene:

Idaho, 310. 

Oligocene:

Louisiana, 210. 

Quaternary:

Louisiana, 210. 

Mississippi, 266. 

Pleistocene.

Great Plains, 214. 

Idaho, 310. 

Underground waters, relation to oil and gas, 3,

150, 226, 422, 436, 525.

Underground waters, total amount of, 500. 

Underground waters, work of:

Action of thermal waters 011 rocks, 199, 201,

574, 587, 595. 

Alteration of rocks by springs, 201, 311, 587,

595.

. Cementation, 522, 565. 

Decay of rocks due to percolating waters,

478.

Deposits. See Deposits. 

Dolomitization, 519. 

Enlargement of quartz grains, 263. 

Ferration, 519. 

Landslides, 75. 

Metamorphism, 565. 

Oxidation, 622. 

Petrifaction, 480. 

Siliciflcation, 519. 

Solution. See Solution. 

Weathering, 522, 565. 

Work of thermal waters, general, 145. 

Underground waters, circulation of. See Circulation.

Underground waters, deposits of. See Deposits,

groundwaters. 

Underground waters, descriptions. See under

States. 

Underground waters, fluctuations of level. See

Fluctuations. 

Underground waters, part of, in formation of ore

deposits. See Ore deposits.

Underground waters as a source of public supplies. See Public supplies.

Underground waters, uses of. See Uses of underground waters. 

United States.

Principal Surveypublicationsonunderground 

waters:

Hydrography, report of, progress of, division of, 1893-i, 345.

Hydrography, report of, progress of, division of, 1895, 347. 

Hydrology, division of, organization and

work of eastern section, 167. 

Hydrology, work of division of, 471. 

Hydrology of eastern United States, contributions to, 1903,166. 

Hydrology, western, 104. 

Irrigation survey, first annual report of, 435. 

Irrigation survey, second annual report

of, 437.

Lists and analyses of mineral springs, 392. 

Mineral waters, 390, 391, 393,394, 398,402, 

403,404,405, 406,407,409, 411,412,413,414, 

415,416,417.

Notes on wells, springs, and general water 

resources of certain Eastern States, 168. 

Potable waters of eastern United States, 334 

Preliminary list of deep borings, 95,96. 

Public lands and their water supply, 346. 

Reclamation Service, first annual report,

374. 

River station, operations at, 1899, 253, 254,

255. 

River station, operations at, 1900, 256, 257.

259.

River stations, operations at, 1901, 260. 

Salt-making processes, 51. 

Streani measurements, 1896,105. 

Stream measurements, 1897, 354. 

Stream measurements, 1898, 357. 

Stream measurements, 1899, 362. 

Stream measurements, 1900, 364. 

Stream measurements, 1901, 369. 

Stream measurements, 1902, 370, 371, 372,

373.

Upper Helderberg limestone, 379. 

Uses of underground waters: 

Springs:

Bathing:

California, 148. 

Idaho, 317. 

Montana, 317, 594. 

Porto Rico, 317, 594. 

General, 426, 487. 

Heating, 487. 

Irrigation:

California, 477. 

Idaho, 310, 374. 

Texas, 357,536,537,569. 

General, 387,622.
126 INDEX TO PAPEES

Uses of underground waters Continued. 

Springs Continued.

Medicinal (therapeutic), 58,426. 

Power:

Texas, 215,537.

General, 357. 

Resorts:

Montana, 586, 594.

United States, 392,406. 

Public supplies:

Georgia, 327.

Ohio, 152.

Vermont, 420. 

General:

Alabama, 392.

Alaska, 392.

Arizona, 392.

Arkansas, 392,446.

California, 392.

Colorado, 392.

Connecticut, 183, 392.

Dakotas, 392.

Delaware, 392.

Georgia, 327, 392.

Florida, 169, 392.

Idaho, 392. s

Illinois, 392.

Indiana, 392.

Indian Territory, 392.

Iowa, 392.

Kansas, 392.

Kentucky, 392.

Louisiana, 392.

Maine, 18, 392.

Maryland, 392.

Massachusetts, 73, 392.

Michigan, 71, 392.

Minnesota, 207, 392.

Mississippi, 392.

Missouri, 497.

Montana, 392.

Nebraska, 392.

Nevada, 392.

New Hampshire, 27.

New Jersey, 392.

New Mexico, 392.

New York, 392, 610.

North Carolina, 392.

Ohio, 392.

Oregon, 392.

Pennsylvania, 392.

Rhode Island, 74, 392.

South Carolina, 392.

Tennessee, 392.

Texas, 392.

United States, 406.

Utah, 392.

Vermont, 392, 420.

Virginia, 392.

Washington, 392.

West Virginia, 392.

Wisconsin, 392.

Wyoming, 392.

Yellowstone National Park, 392. 

Wells:

Bathing, 487. 

Heating, 487.

Uses of underground waters Continued. 

Irrigation:

Algiers, 337. 

Arizona, 107, 282. 

California, 49,187,208,321. 

Dakotas, 84. 

Georgia, 362. 

Great Plains, 72. 

Idaho, 488. 

India, 550, 624. 

Kansas, 212. 

Louisiana, 165. 

Molokai, 314. 

Nebraska, 90,91. 

Public lands, 346. 

South Dakota, 89. 

Texas, 252,536. 

United States, 343. 

Washington, 505.

General, 45,356,374,437,487,527,622. 

Lake supplies, South Dakota, 89. 

Power:

Dakotas, 84. 

Tennessee, 442.

Water supplies, Ohio and Indiana, 301. 

General:

Alabama, 502- 

Connecticut, 183. 

Florida, 169. 

Kentucky, 177. 

Maine, 18. 

Massachusetts, 73. 

Michigan, 71, 279. 

Minnesota, 207. 

Missouri. 497. 

New Hampshire, 29. 

New York, 610. 

Pennsylvania, 467. 

Rhode Island, 74. 

Tennessee, 176. 

General, 364. 

Utah.

Cave deposits, 146. 

Mine waters:

Descriptions, 26, 27, 28, 549. 

Use for water supplies, 26, 27. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in

formation of, 143, 298, 518, 520, 549, 575. 

Principal Survey publication:

Seepage waters in northern Utah, 155. 

Seepage, 155. 

Solfataras, 110.

Springs, common and thermal: 

Analyses, 53, 56, 392. 

Descriptions, 27, 170, 392, 504, 534, 549 

Occurrence on faults, 170. 

Quality, 392. 

Source of sulphur, 110. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters: 

Descriptions, 504. 

Level of. 146. 

Water horizons, 549.
FCLLEB.] RELATING TO UNDERGROUND WATEKS. 127

Vermont.

Mine waters, 598.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publication:

Town water supplies, analyses and well

and spring records, 420. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392,420.

Descriptions, 392,420.

Quality, 392,420.

Source, 420.

Temperature, 392,420.

Uses, 392,406,420.

Yield, 392, 420. 

Underground waters:

Analyses of public supplies, 420.

Occurrence, 420.

Use for public supplies, 420. 

Wells:

Analyses, 420.

Descriptions, 420.

Quality, 420.

Records, 420.

Source, 420.

Yield, 420.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 167,580. 

Vesicles, waters in, 565. 

Virginia.

Brines, analyses of, 131.

Descriptions, 619. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publications:

Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic 

Coastal Plain, 86.

Nomini folio, 87.

Norfolk folio, 79.

Washington folio, 94. 

Sinks and caves, 92. 

Springs:

Analyses, 53, 54, 56, 392.

Descriptions, 86, 92, 154, 354, 392, 442.

Quality, 392.

Temperature, 392.

Thermal, 92.

Uses, 392, 406.

Yield, 392, 406. 

Underground waters:

Descriptions, 78, 87, 94, 97, 335.

Work of, 92.

Water horizons, 78, 86, 87, 94, 97. 

Wells:

Analyses, 97.

Descriptions, 86.

Prospects, 86.

Records, 86, 97,154, 468, 479, 613.

Temperature, 86, 96.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 439,574,576. 

Washington.

Infiltration works, 481.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Principal Survey publications:

Ellensburg folio, 506.

Geology and water resources of Yakima 

County, 505.

"Washington Continued.

Principal Survey publications Continued. 

Geological reconnaissance in central

Washington, 480.

Reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, 481. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392, 426.

Descriptions, 260, 354, 392, 425,426,505,506,

507.

Occurrence on fissures and faults, 480. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Use:

Medicinal and bathing purposes, 426. 

Resorts, 406. 

General, 392. 

Yield, 392, 406.

Underground-stream channels, 377. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 505.

Descriptions, 374, 441, 480, 481,505,506,507. 

Movements, 505. 

Occurrence in lava, 480, 481. 

Petrifaction by, 480. 

Principles of occurrence, 480, 481. 

Work of solution, 377. 

Water horizons, 480, 481. 

Wells:

Construction, 505. 

Descriptions, 369, 354, 506. 

Discharge, 369. 

Location of, 480. 

Records, 480.

Temperature, 96, 480, 505. 

Use for irrigation, 505. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 25, 43, 578,

580.

"Water, artesian and underground. See Underground waters.

"Water supplies, public. See Public supplies. 

"Water table, general discussion of, 500. 

"Waverly formation, waters of, 380. 

"Weathering by underground waters, 522, 565. 

"Wells and borings. 

Construction:

Arrangement, 45, 480. 

Drilling and casing: t 

California, 259. 

Colorado, 245. 

Dakotas, 84. 

High Plains, 268. 

Louisiana, 210. 

Michigan, 141. 

South Dakota, 540. 

Washington, 505. 

General, 45, 354, 485, 488. 

Testing, 45, 277, 480, 484, 485, 486,488, 500. 

Contamination of, 494, 500. 

Cost of. See Cost of wells. 

Deposits in, incrustation, 55. 

Descriptions. See under States. 

Interference of, 407, 499, 500, 540. 

Mineral. See Mineral water. 

Pumping. See Pumping. 

Records. See Records. 

Relation to faults. See Faults.
128 INDEX TO PAPERS ON UNDERGROUND WATERS. [NO. 120.

Wells and borings Continued.

Statistics. See Records, and Wells under

States.

Yield. See Discharge. 

"Western Gulf coast:

Association of underground waters with oil,

etc., 3.

Salt springs, 3.

Sulphur waters, 3. ' 

Well records, 3.

"Western interior, well records, 2. 

West Virginia.

Brines, 108, 449, 616.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters.

Sinks and caverns, 89, 92. 

Springs:'

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392,406. 

Yield, 392,406. 

Thermal springs, 92. 

Underground waters, solution by, 88,92. 

Wells:

Records, 38,39,40,468. 

Temperature, 63,171,172,439,440,574. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey on well

temperatures, 574. 

Wisconsin.

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in,

formation of, 563. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Descriptions, 392. 

Quality, 392. 

Temperature, 392. 

Uses, 392, 406. 

Yield, 392,406.

Wells of the driftless area, 46. 

Wells, temperature, 96.

Work of U. S. Geological Survey. 167, 471, 580. 

Wissahickon gneiss, waters of, 16. 

Woodbine formation, waters of, 242. 

Work on underground waters. See Hydrologic

work.

Wyoming:. See also Yellowstone National Park. 

Brines, 4, 102. 

Mine waters, 517. 

Mineral waters, production of. See Mineral

waters. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters, in

formation of, 517. 

Principal Survey publications.

Analyses of waters of Yellowstone National'Park, 178. 

Newcastle folio, 102. 

Water resources of the Black Hills and

Wyoming, 93. 

Water resources of the Patrick and Goshen

Hole quadrangles, 4. 

Yellowstone National Park folio, 199. 

Seepage, 4.

Wyoming Continued. 

Springs:

Analyses, 392. 

Deposits, 136, 201. 

Descriptions, 4, 57, 68, 93, 392. 

Lists, 191. 

Quality, 392. 

Solution by, 151. 

Sulphur, 136,151. 

Temperature, 392. 

Use, 392. 

Yield, 392. 

Thermal springs:

Deposits, exhibit of, at Chicago World's

Fair, 198.

Descriptions, 136,151,201. 

Relation to anticline, 136. 

Sulphur, 201. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey on, 192,

193, 194, 195, 196. 

Underground waters: 

Action on rock, 201. 

Circulation, 517. 

Occurrence in Black Hills, 93. 

Prospects, 512. 

Work of solution, 151. 

Water horizons, 4, 93, 102. 

Wells:

Analyses, 102. 

Records, 93,102. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 104,192,193,

194, 195, 577, 578, 580. 

Yellowstone National Park. 

Geysers: 

Action 

Antiquity of, 199. 

Changes in, 434. 

Work on, 190,191. 

Analyses. 54. 

Deposits 

Antiquity of, 199. 

Descriptions, 192,193, 194,199. 

Exhibit at Chicago World's Fair, 198. 

Descriptions, 192,193, 194, 195. 

Work on, 57,190, 192,193, 194,195,196. 

Principal Survey publications:

Analyses of waters of Yellowstone National Park, 178.

Yellowstone National Park folio, 199. 

Springs, common and thermal: 

Action, 195.

Action on rocks, 199, 587. 

Algous growth in, 193, 587. 

Analyses, 54, 58,178, 191, 393. 

Analyses, list of, 191.

Composition, 57, 178, 192, 194, 392, 434,583. 

Deposits 

Analyses, 65. 

Antiquity of, 199.

Descriptions, 192,193,194,198,584,587. 

Temperature, 178,190,390. 

Therapeutic value, 58. 

Use, 392.

Work on, 57,189, 196, 432, 433, 434. 

Yield, 392. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey, 57,189,190,

432, 433, 434. 

Yield of springs and wells. See Discharge.

o
' PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

[Water-Supply Paper No. 120.]

The serial publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual 

Reports, (2) monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral 

Resources, (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of 

United States folios and separate sheets thereof, (8) Geologic Atlas of the United 

States folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists may be had 

on application.

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of 

subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified 

into the following series: A, Economic-geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and 

physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water: M, General hydrographic investigations; N, AVater power; O, Underground water; P, Hydrographic progress reports. 

This paper is the thirty-fourth in Series O, the complete list of which follows. 

(PP=Professional Paper; B=Bulletin; WS=Water-Supply Paper.)

SERIES O UNDERGROUND WATERS.

WS 4. A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by I. C. Russell. 1897. 96 pp., 7 pis.

WS 6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by E. Haworth. 1897. 65 pp., 12 pis'.

WS 7. Seepage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier. -1897. 50 pp., 3 pis.

WS 12. Underground waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N. H. Darton. 1898. 5f> pp., 21 pis.

WS 21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis.

WS 26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 64pp.

WS 30. Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 7 pis.

WS 31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 4 pis.

WS 34. Geology and water resources of a portion of southeastern South Dakota, by J. E. Todd. 1900.

34 pp., 19 pis. 

WS 53. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces.County, Idaho, Pt. I, by I. O. Russell. 1901. 86

pp., 10 pis. 

WS 54. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. II, by I. C. Russell. 1901.

87-141 pp. 

WS 55. Geology and water resources of a portion of Yakimn County, Wash., by G. O. Smith. 1901.

68 pp., 7 pis.

WS 57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. I, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. 

WS 59. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. I, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902.

95 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 60. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. II, by J. B. Lippincott.

1902. 96-140 pp.

WS 61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. II, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 

WS (17. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

B 199. Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of Idaho, by I. C. Russell. 1902. 192

pp., 25 pis.

WS 77. Water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by W. Lindgren. 1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 78. Preliminary report on artesian basin in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by I. C.

Russell. 1903. 53 pp., 2 pis. 

PP 17. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred

and third meridian, by N. H. Darton. 1903. 69 pp., 43 pis. 

WS 90. Geology and water resources of part of the lower James River Valley, South Dakota, by J. E.

Todd and C. M. Hall. 1904. 47 pp., 23 pis.

IRR 120 05 9 I
II ADVERTISEMENT.

WS 101. Underground waters of southern Louisiana, by G. D. Harris, with discussions of their uses for

water supplies and for rice irrigation, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 98 pp., 11 pis.

WS 102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 522 pp. 

WS 104. Underground waters of the Gila Valley, Arizona, by W. T. Lee. 1904. 68 pp., 5 pis. 

WS 106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom. 1904. 75 pp. 4 pis. 

WS 110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, geologist in

charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. 

PP 32. Geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains, by N. H. Barton. 1905.

433 pp., 72 pis. 

WS 111. Preliminary report on underground waters of Washington, by Henry Landes. 1905. 85 pp.,

Ipl. 

WS 112. Underflow tests in the drainage basin of Los Angeles River, by Homer Hamlin. 1905.

55 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 114. Underground waters of eastern United States, by M. L. Fuller and others. 1905. 285 pp.,

18 pis. 

WS 118. Geology and water resources of east-central Washington, by F. C. Calkins. 1905. 96 pp.,

4 pis. 

B 252. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon, by I. C. Russell.

1905. 138pp., 24 pis. 

WS 120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the

United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 1905. 128 pp.

The following papers also relate to this subject: Underground waters of Arkansas Valley in eastern 

Colorado, by G. K. Gilbert, in Seventeenth Annual, I't. II; Preliminary report on artesian waters of a 

portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Illinois, 

by Frank Leverett, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank 

Leverett, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; New developments in well boring and irrigation in eastern 

South Dakota, by N. H. Darton, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Rock waters of Ohio, by Edward 

Orton, in Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by 

N. H. Darton, Bulletin No. 138.

Correspondence should be addressed to

THE DIRECTOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

APRIL, 1905.
LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.

[Mount each slip upon a separate card, placing the subject at the top of the 

second slip. The name of the series should not be repeated on the series 

card, but the additional numbers should be added, as received, to the first 

entry.]

Fuller, Myron L[eslie] 1873-

| ... Bibliographic review and index of papers relat-

 3 ing to underground waters published by the United States 

Geological survey, 1879-1904, by Myron Iy. Fuller. 

Washington, Gov't print, off., 1905.

128, iii p. 23cm. (IT. S. Geological survey. Water-supply and irrigation 

paper no. 120)

Subject series: O, Underground waters, 34.

1. Water, Underground Bibl. 2. Water, Underground U. S.

Fuller, Myron L[eslie] 1873-

| ... Bibliographic review and index of papers relat1 ing to undergroimd waters published by the United States

Geological survey, 1879-1904, b}T Myron L,. Fuller.

Washington, Gov't print, off., 1905.

128, Hi p. 23cm. (U. S. Geological survey. Water-supply and irrigation 

paper no. 120)

Subject series: U, Underground waters, 34.

1. Water, Underground Bibl. 2. Water, Underground U. S.

U. S. Geological survey, 

g Water-supply and irrigation papers.

"C

* no. 120. Fuller, M. L. Bibliographic review and index 

of papers relating to underground waters published by the U. S. Geological survey. 1905.

« U.S. Dept. of the Interior.

t=

| see also

Si

~ U. S. Geological survey.