GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 718 

The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment 

. Program: Background Information to 

Accompany Folio of Geologic and 

Mineral Resource Maps of the Nabesna 

Quadrangle, Alaska 

The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment 

Program: Background Information to 

Accompany Folio of Geologic and 

Mineral Resource Maps of the Nabesna 

Quadrangle, Alaska 

By Donald H. Richter, Nairn R. D. Albert, David F. Barnes, Andrew 

Griscom, Sherman P. Marsh, and Donald A. Singer 

G E 0 L 0 G I CAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 718 

1975 
United States Department of the Interior 

ROGERS C. 8. MORTON, Secretory 

Geological Survey 

V. E. McKelvey, Director 

Free on application to the U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, Reston, Va. 22092 


The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background 

Information to Accompany Folio of Geologic and Mineral 

Resource Maps of the Nabesna Quadrangle, Alaska 

By Donald H. Richter, Nairn R. D. Albert, David F. Barnes, Andrew Griscom, Sherman P. Marsh, and Donald A. Singer 

ABSTRACT 

The N abesna quadrangle in south-central Alaska is the first 

of the 1:250,000-scale Alaskan quadrangles to be investigated 

by an interdisciplinary research team in order to furnish a 

mineral resource assessment of the State. The assessment of 

the 17,600-km2 (6,800-mi2 ) quadrangle is based on field and 

laboratory investigations of the geology, geochemistry, 

geophysics, and satellite imagery. The results of the investigations are published as a folio of maps, diagrams, and accompanying discussions. This report provides background information on the investigations and integrates the published components of the resource assessment. A comprehensive bibliography cites both specific and general references to the geology 

and mineral deposits of the Nabesna quadrangle. 

INTRODUCTION 

GOAL AND METHOD 

This circular, together with a separately available folio of maps of the Nabesna quadrangle, 

Alaska, is the first of a planned series of U.S. 

Geological Survey reports designed to produce a 

rapid, yet accurate, inventory of Alaska's mineral 

resources. Under the sponsorship of the Alaskan 

Mineral Resource Assessment Program 

(AMRAP>, authorized by Congress to begin on 

July 1, 1974, the reports are intended to furnish 

information both for long-range national minerals 

policy and for Federal, State, and industry 

decisions concerning the future use of Alaskan 

land and its resources. The Nabesna mineral 

resource assessment comprises an interrelated 

collection of U.S. Geological Survey publications 

and consists of this circular and a folio of maps that 

includes a modern geologic map, a variety of 

geochemical and geophysical maps, interpretations of satellite imagery, an analysis of the 

mineral endowl!lent, and a land status map 

(table 1 ). Many of the basic data for this report 

were collected prior to July 1, 1974. Since then, an 

1 

TABLE I.-Component maps of the Nabesna quadrangle 

mineral resource assessment 

LrS Geologrcal Surt•ey !'.1rscellaneous 

F1eld Studres rMFI Map 

MF-655-A (Richter, 

1975a, b)1 

B (Marsh, 1975a) 

C !Marsh, 1975b) 

D (Marsh, 1975c) 

E (Marsh, 1975d) 

F (Marsh, 1975e) 

G (Marsh, 1975f) 

H (Griscom, 1975) ___ _ 

(Barnes and 

Subject 

Geology. 

Geochemical distribution 

and abundance o4' copper. 

Geochemical distribution 

and abundance of lead. 

Geochemical distribution 

and abundance o4' gold. 

Geochemical distribution 

and abundance of' 

chromium. 

Geochemical distribution 

and abundance o4' cobalt. 

Perspective diagrams 

showing geochen'ical 

abundance of silv~r, 

lanthanum, 

molybdenum, nickel, 

vanadium, yttrium, and 

zinc. 

Aeromagnetic map and 

interpretation. 

Morin, 1975) ____ Gravity map. 

J <Albert, 1975) ______ Interpretations of satellite 

imagery. 

K <Richter, Singer, 

and Cox, 1975) ___ Mineral resources. 

L ( U.S. Geological 

Survey, 1975) ____ Land status. 

tU.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Maps are printed in black and white; a companion multicolored Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map of this component (Richter, 1975b) IS in press. 

interdisciplinary team of earth scientists has 

completed additional field and laboratory studies 

required for resource appraisal under AMR.f P and 

has collaborated in preparing this report. 

ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION 

Traditional scientific publications such a~· books 

and maps inevitably face traditional problems, including limited space, timeliness, obsolef~ence, 

and cost. In the N abesna mineral resource assessment, for example, the size of the maps limits the 
amount of known geological, geochemical, and 

geophysical data that can be published. To supplement the selected data contained on the maps, 

as well as to document the facts cited in the accompanying descriptions, this report contains an extensive bibliography of geological literature pertinent to the N abesna quadrangle. 

It may take months or even years to print scientific reports, which reduces their timeliness. In 

addition, the value of these publications commonly 

diminishes with time because new data or improved understanding, no matter how important, 

cannot be incorporated in a report after it is published. The usual remedy for such obsolescence is 

to publish revised editions. However, because of 

rising costs, manpower limitations, and lengthy 

delays, we plan no revised editions of this series. 

Partly to compensate for these problems, the 

U.S. Geological Survey has created computerbased files of economic mineral occurrences for the 

State of Alaska. This approach allows new data to 

be added for any previously known Alaskan mineral occurrence, prospect, or mine, as well as for 

new discoveries and for mines that come into production. Such additions or revisions Cupdates") 

probably will be made annually. For purposes of 

the N abesna mineral resource assessment, we 

have added even more information to the file than 

currently is available for other Alaskan quadrangles. This information includes a classification for 

the level of development of mineral occurrences, as 

well as other data suggested by mineral resource 

specialists who used the file in 1974. Experience 

from the N abesna quadrangle update will be 

applied to successive quadrangles under the 

Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program. 

LOCATION AND ACCESS 

The N abesna quadrangle covers approximately 

17,600 km2 (6,800 mi2) in south-central Alaska 

(fig. 1) between lat 62° and 63° N. and long 141 o and 

144° W. It includes the eastern part of the Alaska 

Range (Mentasta and N utzotin Mountains), the 

northern Wrangell Mountains, and parts of the 

Northway-Tanacross Lowland and Copper River 

Lowland. Drainage is chiefly to the north into the 

Tanana River and thence into the Yukon River; 

the western quarter of the quadrangle is drained 

by the Copper River. Elevations range from about 

4,240 m (13,900 ft) above sea level on the slopes of 

Mount Wrangell in the extreme southwest corner 

of the quadrangle to 518 m (1, 700 ft) above sea 

2 

FIGURE 1.-Index map showing location of Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska 

level where the Nabesna River flmvs north out of 

the quadrangle near Northway. 

Highway access to the quadrangle is limited. 

The Alaska Highway crosses the no..-theast corner, 

and the Glenn Highway crosses the northwest 

corner (fig. 2). A maintained gravel road extends 

74 km (46 miles) from Slana on th~ Glenn Highway to the inactive gold mine at :IV abesna. Other 

short spur roads serve the native v~llages at Mentasta Lake and Northway. Resident population in 

the quadrangle is less than 500 peorle; it is concentrated chiefly at Slana, Mentasta Lake, and 

Northway, and the remainder is s~attered along 

both the Glenn and Alaska Highways, the 

Nabesna Road, and at Chisana. 

MINERAL PRODUCTION 

Total mineral production from tl1~ quadrangle, 

excluding sand and gravel, has been about 

$2,900,000,1 principally from lode and placer gold 

mining. Of the total, $1,870,000 was from the 

Nabesna mine, which closed in 1940; the remainder was from placer deposits, chiefl~r the Bonanza 

gold fields near Chisana. At present there are no 

producing mines in the quadrangle; a few small 

gold placer operations are current],., active. 

PREVIOUS GEOLOGIC AND MINERAL 

RESOURCE INVESTIGA TIC"JS 

Lieutenant H. T. Allen's remarl("able exploralThis figure is based on both $20 per ounce and $35 per ounce gold. At approximately $150 per ounce, value of production would be abo·1t $13 million. 
Tanacross 

06 ; 05 04 03 o,.. ....... / -,, 02 01 Mentasta Lake / Northway \. o---, __ ;\. ;~~ ,.,.,. 

\~ I \'\\9 \ -1 

\ 

/ ~ 

) ',-s-,. /<:: 

/<:: -..9~ 

/cl ~0 

...,./ C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 ' Cl ll:.1'1ana ,, ' '· - Richter Richter, \ 

' \ ........ 

' ~ and Matson, ' .......... ....... , ... Schmo 11 , and Schmo 11 (/) 

'-- 1973 ...... in press ::) 

'-_"' 86 '\ 85 84 83 82 81 

' 

Gulkana 

l Richter, Richter, \ 

' \ 1971 b in press d Nabesna 

A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 Al 

Richter, Richter 

and Richter, Richter, Richter Schmo11,and 

Smith, 1973 l971a and Jones, Matson, 

0 1973a 1973 in press Chi sana 

Nabec: na 

McCarthy 

FIGURE 2.-Reference map ofthe Nabesna 1:250,000-scale quadrangle showing the 24larger scale (1:63,360) quadrangles and 

the published maps. 

tion journey across the eastern Alaska Range in 

1885 for the U.S. War Department (Allen, 1887) 

marked the beginning of scientific observations in 

the N abesna quadrangle. Geologic studies, however, did not begin until 1898 when Brooks 

(1900a), with a U.S. Geological Survey party, 

traversed a limited part of the northeast corner of 

the quadrangle. In 1899 Brooks (1900b) made a 

second and more extensive traverse through the 

northeast part of the quadrangle, and in the same 

year Rohn (1900), with the U.S. War Department, 

traversed north to south across the central part of 

the quadrangle. During the next 30 years, three 

geological reconnaissance and mineral resource 

surveys, which included parts of the Nabesna 

3 

quadrangle, were undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey. In 1902 Mendenhall and r~hrader 

(1903a) surveyed the Copper River basin and east 

into the N abesna River drainage. In 1908 Moffit 

and Knopf(1910) undertook a similar stuiy in the 

McCarthy quadrangle between the Nabesna River 

and the White River, and in 1914, spurred by the 

discovery of placer gold near Chisanc, Capps 

(1916b) mapped the remaining unexplored country between the Chisana and White Rivers. 

Between 1929 and 1944, F. H. Moffit of the U.S. 

Geological Survey conducted a more thorough 

geologic reconnaissance of the eastern Alaska 

Range. Six of the many geologic reports authored 

by Moffit during this period concern the Nabesna 
quadrangle (Moffit, 1932, 1933, 1938, 1941, 1943, 

1944). After his retirement in 1945, Moffit continued to work on a comprehensive summary report that was eventually published in 1954 and 

that has proved invaluable to those involved in the 

third generation of geologic investigations in the 

eastern Alaska Range. 

PRESENT STUDY 

Fieldwork for the present study, consisting principally of detailed reconnaissance mapping of the 

bedrock and geochemical investigations of stream 

sediments, began in 1967. By 1974, when the 

fieldwork was completed, approximately 25 

geologist-months, 8 of which were helicopter supported, had been devoted to the field study. Data on 

the surficial geology are chiefly from interpretation of aerial photographs in collaboration with H. 

R. Schmoll and A. T. Fernald, who generously allowed the use of their unpublished material. The 

availability of more detailed, larger scale modern 

geologic maps of the Nabesna quadrangle authored by D. H. Richter and his colleagues is shown 

on the reference map in figure 2. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

Several members of the U.S. Geological Survey 

contributed significantly to preparing this report. 

The extensive bibliography was prepared for publication, using computer-assisted methods, by 

Betsy Y aunt and Marianne Fujii. Gerald Askevold 

summarized how interested readers can obtain 

additional background information for this study 

and described the computer-based methods that 

will be used to keep the N abesna mineral resource 

assessment as up to date as possible. Henry Berg, 

AMRAP program manager, prepared table 1 and 

other parts of the introduction to this report and 

coordinated the published components of the 

N abesna mineral resource assessment. 

DESCRIPTIONS OF COMPONENT MAPS OF 

THE NABESNA QUADRANGLE MINERAL 

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 

GEOLOGY (MAPS MF-655A AND 1-932) 

The N abesna quadrangle is separated into two 

grossly distinct geologic terranes by the Denali 

fault, a major and presently active dextral fault. 

North of the Denali fault the terrane consists 

4 

chiefly of multiply deformed and regionally 

metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and subordinate igneous rocks as old as Devonian and possibly 

older. South of the fault the oldest Exposed strata 

are volcanic flows, breccias, pyroclaRtic rocks, and 

volcaniclastic rocks of Pennsylvanian and Permian age that are parts of an extensive andesitic 

volcanic arc. Deposited on this arc are marine 

sedimentary rocks of Permian age and subaerial 

tholeiitic basalt flows and marine limestone of 

Triassic age. Rocks representing a Sf:'!ond period of 

volcanic arc activity and associated marine 

sedimentation during Late Jurassic through Early 

Cretaceous time (the Gravina-Nutzotin belt of 

Berg and others, 1972) unconformably overlie 

remnants of the upper Paleozoic arc and the 

younger Permian and Triassic assemblages. Late 

Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic flows, tuffs, and 

breccias and associated sedimentary rocks of a 

third period of andesitic volcanic arc activity mantle all older rock units in the southv·estern part of 

the quadrangle. 

A number of complex plutons, chiefly granodiorite and quartz monzonite in composition, were 

emplaced during two distinct intervals in Cretaceous time (105-117 m.y. and 89-94- m.y.) and in 

early Tertiary time (51 m.y.) (Richter, Lanphere, 

and Matson, 1975). In addition, plutonic rocks of 

diorite and quartz diorite occur ir a large plutonic-metamorphic complex of Late Triassic to 

Middle Jurassic age, and metaplutonic rocks of 

granite and granodiorite occur in a small 

plutonic-metamorphic complex of Miocene age 

within the Denali f~ult zone. The younger Cretaceous plutons and the Tertiary pluton are recognized only in the regionally metan1orphosed Devonian and older terrane north ofth~ Denali fault. 

Plutons of the older Cretaceous event and the large 

plutonic-metamorphic complex are restricted to 

the younger terrane south of the r :mali fault. A 

variety of porphyritic intrusive rod·s of Oligocene 

and Miocene age are also restricted to the terrane 

south of the fault and may reprer-~nt the early 

hypabyssal phases of the Tertiary and Quaternary 

volcanic effusive rocks. 

The absence of rocks older than Pennsy I van ian 

south of the Denali fault and the close association 

of ultramafic bodies with the Penn~ylvanian volcanic assemblage, as seen outside the Nabesna 

quadrangle, suggest that the upper Paleozoic volcanic arc was built directly on ocearic crust (Richter and Jones, 1973b). Between Lat~ Permian and 
Middle Jurassic time, this arc apparently impinged against a Devonian and older continent 

(terrane north of the Denali fault) and since then, 

together with superjacent strata, has been periodically deformed. The present Denali fault system, 

which may have been activated as recently as late 

Miocene time (Richter and Matson, 1971), appears 

to follow the old suture zone between the upper 

Paleozoic volcanic arc and the Devonian continent. 

The Totschunda fault system is an even younger 

active structure short-circuiting the southeast 

part of the Denali fault probably in response to 

changes in Pacific plate motion. 

GEOCHEMISTRY (MAPS MF-655B-G) 

Geochemical investigations in the Nabesna 

quadrangle were undertaken between 1967 and 

1974 to help determine the mineral resource potential of the quadrangle and to outline areas of 

anomalous metal content. During this period, a 

total of 2,005 stream-sediment and rock samples 

were collected and analyzed. In the geochemical 

maps of this report, only data resulting from the 

stream-sediment sampling are used; data from the 

rock samples, which are chiefly samples of 

mineralized and altered rock and hence very selective, are available in open-filed maps by Matson 

and Richter (1971a-d and 1972a,b) and by Richter 

and Matson (1969a,b and 1970a,b) for nine of the 

1:63,360-scale N abesna quadrangles. 

About 1,350 stream-sediment samples were collected from active streams, then air dried and 

sieved. The -80 mesh ( -177 micrometres) fractions were analyzed by semiquantitative emission 

spectrographic methods for 30 elements. All gold 

and some copper and lead analyses were done by 

atomic absorption. The geochemical maps show 

the distribution and abundance of copper, lead, 

gold, chromium, and cobalt in stream sediments on 

a base map of the generalized geology. The elements depicted on the maps were selected for their 

economic importance and because their concentrations range widely enough to reflect the geochemical nature of the bedrock. A map of perspective 

drawings of seven other elements is included to 

show their regional distribution patterns. 

Complete Geological Survey analytical data on 

the rock and stream-sediment samples collected in 

theN abesna quadrangle are available on a computer tape (O'Leary, Van Trump, and others, 1975) 

that can be obtained from the National Technical 

5 

Information Service, Department of Conmerce, 

Springfield, Virginia 22161. 

GEOPHYSICS 

AEROMAGNETIC MAP AND INTERPRETATION 

(MAP MF-655H (2 SHEETS)) 

The aeromagnetic map <sheet 1) of the Nabesna 

quadrangle was made in 1971 and subse--.uently 

released by the State of Alaska as an open-file map 

(Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical 

Surveys, 1973). The variations in the rragnetic 

field on maps such as these provide valuable information concerning the lateral and vert.ical extent of rock units containing various perc~ntages 

of magnetic minerals, usually magnetite. Aeromagnetic maps thus are a most useful supp')rt for a 

geologic mapping program as well as for mineral 

resource assessment. An interpretive mao (sheet 

2) identifies numerous rock units in the J.'Tabesna 

quadrangle that possess characteristic rr agnetic 

anomalies and enables the interpreter to extrapolate geologic information from known ar~~as into 

covered or inaccessible regions. In par1;icular, 

the aeromagnetic map makes it possible to locate 

covered extensions of potentially chromitebearing ultramafic rocks and to locate areas of 

altered plutonic rocks that may be associated with 

porphyry copper-type mineral deposits. 

GRAVITY :r>.,IAP (MAP MF-6551) 

The Bouguer gravity map summarizes approximately 600 gravity measurements that hcve been 

made in the Nabesna quadrangle by the Geological Survey. The Bouguer gravity field refto.cts the 

variations in rock density within the quadrangle 

and probably shows deeper structures tLan any 

other map in this folio. One predominant feature of 

the map is a negative gradient that probably 

represents an increase in crustal thickness from 

about 35 km (21 miles) beneath the Tanana Valley 

near the northeast corner of the quadrangle to 45 

km <27 miles) beneath the Wrangell Mourtains at 

the southeast corner. Local anomalies correlate 

with some of the intrusive rocks associated with 

mineralization and suggest that more detailed 

gravity surveys, for which this map could serve as 

a framework, would help to define the forn of the 

intrusion. Other features of the gravity map may 

be correlated with some fault movements and possibly with changes in the metamorphic grade of 

the rocks. 
INTERPRETATIONS OF SATELLITE IMAGERY 

(MAP MF-655J (2 SHEETS)) 

Interpretations of satellite images of the 

N abesna quadrangle are based on data supplied by 

ERTS-1, the Earth Resources Technology Satellite. Two types of images were used in these interpretations: (1) an ERTS photomosaic of the 

State of Alaska compiled by the U.S. Department 

of Agriculture and (2) computer-enhanced ERTS 

imagery processed by the U.S. Geological Survey 

in Flagstaff, Ariz. 

The ERTS photomosaic of Alaska largely consists of images taken during the fall months. Because of the low sun angle and the synoptic view, 

the photomosaic is most useful for identifying regional linear and circular structural features. 

Computer-enhanced imagery, on the other hand, 

has proved to be valuable in detecting subtle surficial variations in reflectance due to differences in 

vegetation, rock types, soil, and other variables. 

As a preliminary geologic mapping tool, ERTS 

imagery can be used effectively for reconnaissance 

studies. Remotely sensed information about 

geomorphology, structural features, and variations in spectral response of surficial materials, for 

example, can help in the plan and conduct of 

geologic mapping. 

Applications of ERTS imagery directly to mineral appraisal are still developing. For example, 

using the images to correlate structural features, 

vegetation, and soil and rock variations with 

geochemical and geophysical data can contribute 

significant information bearing on mineral resource assessment. Another application has been 

to correlate linears with metallogenic provinces 

(Lathram and Gryc, 1973). Research on other 

techniques for applying this new tool to geologic 

and mineral resource problems in Alaska is being 

carried out under AMRAP. 

MINERAL RESOURCES (MAP MF-665K) 

The potentially favorable mineral resource 

areas of the N abesna quadrangle based on the 

investigative components of this report-geology, 

geochemistry, geophysics, and satellite imagery-are shown on the mineral resources map 

together with the location and a brief description 

6 

of the known prospects, mineral occurrences, and 

inactive mines. In addition, the resource potential 

of the principal mineral commodities is reviewed, 

and where data are deemed adequate, a quantitative estimate of the resource is provided. Terms 

used in defining the resource potent~ al follow the 

classification that has recently been jointly 

adopted by the Bureau of Mines and the Geological 

Survey (McKelvey, 1973). 

Copper is the principal mineral resource of the 

Nabesna quadrangle. It occurs in a number of porphyry copper, stockwork, contact netam~rphic, 

vein, and volcanogenic deposits, many of whiCh are 

virtually unexplored. Especially si,gnificant are 

the identified porphyry copper depor;;its that contain an estimated 1.08 x 109 metric tons of potential ore averaging about 0.3 percent copper, 0.02 

percent molybdenum, and minor gold and silver. 

Volcanogenic copper in the basalt flows of the 

Nikolai Greenstone may also constitute a vast future resource of the metal. 

Other resources are molybdenum, gold, silver, 

and possibly chromite. Molybdenum, a coproduct 

in the porphyry copper deposits, also occurs as the 

principal metal in at least two porphyry molybdenum deposits. The largest resources of gold and 

silver occur as byprod ucts in the copper porphyries; gold is also present in contact m~tamorphic, disseminated, and stockwork deposits. The 

placer gold deposits of the quadrang ~ are l.argely 

depleted, but small deposits are probqbly still present. Chromite has been found in the alpine ultramafic bodies north of the Denali fault and may 

constitute a significant resource. 

Deposits of oil and gas, coal, and radioactive 

minerals are not known in the quadrr-ngle, and the 

likelihood of an occurrence of these commodities is 

small. 

LAND STATUS (MAP MF-65rrl~) 

The land status map shows the c.lassifications 

and boundaries of 10 proposed r-.nd existing 

categories of land in the Nabesna quadrangle. The 

map was compiled from a much smaller scale map 

prepared in March 1974 by the U.S. Bureau of 

Land Management according to the terms of the 

AlaskaN ative Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 

December 18, 1971. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Starred references indicate those cited in this report. 

I. SPECIFIC REFERENCES {Principally references restricted 

to the Nabesna quadrangle or references in which 

the Nabesna quadrangle constitutes a significant 

part of the paper. ) 

* Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, 1973, Aeromagnetic map, Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: 

Alaska Div. Geol. Geophys. Surveys open-file rept. 13, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. 

* Albert, N. R. D., 1975, Interpretation of Earth Resources 

Technology Satellite imagery of the Nabesna 

quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Field 

Studies Map MF-655J, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. 

* Allen, H. T., 1887, Report of an expedition to the Copper Tanana, and Koyukuk Rivers, in the Territory of 

Alaska, in the year 1885: Washington, Govt. Printing Office, 172 p. 

Anderson, G. S., 1970, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the 

Tanana basin, central Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-319, 4 sheets. 

Barnes, D. F., 1967, Four preliminary gravity maps of 

parts of Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file rept., 

5 p. 

* Barnes, D. F., and Morin, R. L., 1975, Gravity map of the 

Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. 

Field Studies Map MF-655I, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. 

* Berg, H. C., Jones, D. L., and Richter, D. H., 1972, 

Gravina-Nutzotin belt - Tectonic significance of an upper Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic sequence in 

southern and southeastern Alaska, in Geological Survey research 1972: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 800-D, p. Dl-D24. 

Bond, G. C., 1973, A late Paleozoic volcanic arc in the 

eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: Jour. Geology, v. 81, 

p. 557-575. 

Bond, W. A., 1973, Permian sediments and stratigraphy in 

the Slana area, Alaska: Colorado Univ., Boulder, 

Colo., M.S. thesis. 

Boucher, Gary, Matumoto, Tosimatu, and Oliver, Jack, 1968, 

Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 73, no. 14, p. 4789-4793. 

* Brooks, A. H., 1900a, A reconnaissance in the White and 

Tanana river basins, Alaska, in 1898: U.S. Geol. 

Survey 20th Ann. Rept., pt. 7, p. 425-494. 

* Brooks, A. H., 1900b, A reconnaissance from Pyramid Harbor 

to Eagle City, Alaska, including a description of the 

copper deposits of the upper White and Tanana Rivers: 

U.S. Geol. Survey 21st Ann. Rept., pt. 2, p. 331-391. 

Brooks, A. H., 1914, The Chisana placer district: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 592, p. 309-320. 

Cairnes, D. D., 1915, Upper White River district, Yukon: 

Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 50, 191 p. 

Capps, S. R., 1915, Mineral resources of the Chisana-White 

River district: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 622, p. 189-228. 

Capps, S. R., 1916a, An ancient volcanic eruption in the 

upper Yukon Basin: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 95-D, p. 59-64. 

* Capps, S. R., 1916b, The Chisana-White River district, 

Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 630, 130 p. 

7 

Deininger, J. W., 1972, Petrology of the Wrangell Volcanics near Nabesna, Alaska: Alaska Univ., 

College, Ak., M.S. thesis. 

Dobey, P. L., and Henning, M. W., 1973, Evaluation of 02 

land area, Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska, using aeromagnetic and geochemical data: Alaska Div. Geol. 

Geophys. Surveys open-file rept. 21, 10 p. 

Fernald, A. T., 1965a, Glaciation in the Nabesna River 

area, upper Tanana River valley, Alaska, in 

Geological Survey research 1965: U.S. Geol:'" Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. C120-C123. 

Fernald, A. T., 1965b, Recent history of the upper Tanana 

River lowland, Alaska, in Geological Survey research 1965: U.S. Geo I. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, 

p. Cl24-127. 

Gillespie, C. D., 1970, Geology of the central Bond Creek 

area, Nabesna, Alaska: Oregon State Univ., 

Corvallis, Ore., Master's thesis. 

* Griscom, Andrew, 1975, Aeromagnetic map and 

interpretation of the Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Field Studies Map MF-655H, 

2 sheets, scale 1:250,000. 

Linn, G. W., 1973, Geology of Orange Hill, Alask~: 

California Univ., Berkeley, Calif., Master's thesis. 

* Marsh, S. P., 1975a, Geochemical and generalized geologic 

map showing distribution and abundance of copper in 

the Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Field Studies Map MF-655B, 1 sheet, scale 

1:250,000. 

* Marsh, S. P., 1975b, Geochemical and generalized geologic 

map showing distribution and abundance of l~ad in 

the Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Field Studies Map MF-655C, 1 sheet, scale 

1:250,000. 

* Marsh, S. P., 1975c, Geochemical and generalized geologic 

map showing distribution and abundance of geld in 

the Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Field Studies Map MF-655D, 1 sheet, scale 

1:250,000. 

* Marsh, S. P., 1975d, Geochemical and generalized geologic 

map showing distribution and abundance of ctromium 

in the Nabesna quadrangle, Jl.laska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Field Studies Map MF-655E, 1 sheet, scale 

1:250,000. 

* Marsh, S. P., 1975e, Geochemical and generalized geologic 

map showing distribution and abundance of ccbalt in 

the Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Field Studies Map MF-655F, 1 sheet, scale 

1:250,000. 

* Marsh, S. P., 1975f, Perspective diagrams showinr 

geochemical abundance of silver, lanthanum, 

molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc in 

the Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Field Studies Map MF-655G, 1 sheet, scale 

1:250,000. 

* Matson, N. A., Jr., and Richter, D. H., 1971a, Geochemical 

data from the Nabesna A-1 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. 

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* Matson, N. A., Jr., and Richter, D. H., 1971b, Geochemical 

data from the Nabesna C-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. 

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* Matson, N. A., Jr., and Richter, D. H., 1971c, Geochemical 

data from the Nabesna C-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. 

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* Matson, N. A., Jr., and Richter, D. H., 197ld, Geochemical 

data from the Nabesna D-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. 

Geol. Survey open-file rept., 8 p. 
* Matson, N. A., Jr., and Richter, D. H., 1972a, Additional 

geochemi ca 1 data from the Nabesna C-4 and D-5 

quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file 

rept., 5 p. 

* Matson, N. A., Jr., and Richter, D. H., 1972b, Geochemical 

data from the Nabesna B-3 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. 

Geol. Survey open-file rept., 41 p. 

* McKelvey, V. E., 1973, Mineral resource estimates and 

public policy, in Brobst, D. A., Pratt, H. P., and 

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* Mendenhall, W. C., and Schrader, F. C., 1903a, Copper deposits of the Mount Wrangell region, Ala~ka: U.S. 

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* Moffit, F. H., 1932, The Slana district, upper Copper River region: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 824, p. 

111-124. 

* Moffit, F. H., 1933, The Suslota Pass district, upper Copper River region, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

844-C, p. 137-162. 

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* Moffit, F. H., 1938, Geology of the Slana-Tok district, 

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* Moffit, F. H., 1941, Geology of the upper Tetling River 

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* Moffit, F. H., 1943, Geology of the Nutzotin Mountains, 

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* Moffit, F. H., 1954, Geology of the eastern part of the 

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p. 

8 

Richter, D. H., 1966, Geology of the Slana district, 

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Richter, D. H., 1971b, Reconnaissance geologic map and 

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* Richter, D. H., 1975a, Geologic map of the Nabesna 

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* Richter, D. H., 1975b, Geologic map of the Nabesna 

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* Richter, D. H., Geologic map of the Nabesna E-3 

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the type Mankomen Formation (Pennsylvanian and 

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* Richter, D. H., and Matson, N. A., Jr., 1969a, Geochemical 

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* Richter, D. H., and Matson, N. A., Jr., 1969b, Geochemical 

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* Richter, D. H., and Matson, N. A., Jr., 1970a, Geochemical 

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* Richter, D. H., and Matson, N. A., Jr., 1970b, Geochemical 

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* Richter, D. H., Singer, D. A., and Cox, D. P., 1975, 

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9 

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10 

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11 

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U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975-0-~89-908/52