DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 431

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1916

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer 

C. C. COVERT, C. H. PIEBCE, and G. C. STEVENS, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with th« State* of 

MAINE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, and NEW YORK

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1918
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

. GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 431

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1916

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS _,,. a

& 13

NATHAN C. GROVEB, Chief Hydraulic Engineer $ & *'

C. C. COVERT, C. H. PIERCE, and G. C. STEVENS, District Engineers

. a Q> * r?

Prepared in cooperation with the States of 

MAINE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, and NEW YORK

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1918
ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PXIBLICATION MAT BE PROCURED FROM

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

 WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

15 CENTS PER COPY
CONTENTS.

Authorization and scope of work............................................. 7

Definition of terms......................................................... 8

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 9

Explanation of data........................................................ 11

Accuracy of field data and computed results.................................. 13

Cooperation................................................................ 14

Division of work.......................................................... 14

Gaging station records...................................................... 15

St. John Elver basin................................................... 15

St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine................................. 15

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine................................ 16

Machias River basin.................................................... 18

Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine.............................. , 18

Union River basin...........'...................... i................... 20

West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine ..................... 20

Penobscot River basin ................................................ 22

West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine............. 22

West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine.............. 22

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine............................ 23

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine................ 25

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine...................... 27

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine.............................. 29

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine.............................. 31

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine............................. 33

Kennebec River basin.................................................. 35

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine............................... 35

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine............................... 36

Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine............................... 38

Dead River at The Forks, Maine.................................... 40

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine............................... 42

Androscoggin River basin............................................... 43

Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H............................. 43

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H................................. 44

Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine........................ 46

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine......................... 47

Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine................... 48

Presumpscot River basin............................................... 50

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine.................. 50

Saco River basin....................................................... 52

Saco River at Cornish, Maine....................................... 52

Saco River at West Buxton, Maine.................................. 52

Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine.................................... 54

3
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging station records Continued.

Merrimack River basin................................................. 54

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H......................... 54

Merrimack River at Lowell, Mass................................... 56

Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass................................. 58

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H................,.. ............... 60

South Branch of Nashua River near Clinton, Mass................... 67

Concord River at Lowell, Mass..................................... 68

Sudbury River and Lake Cochituate basins near Framingham and

Cochituate, Mass.................................................. 70

Blackstone River basin................................................. 72

Blackstone River at Albion, R. 1.................................... 72

Connecticut River basin................................................ 74

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H................................... 74

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass.............................. 76

Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills near St. Johnsbury, Vt............. 78

White River at West Hartford, Vt..................^............... 80

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H................................... 82

Millers River near Winchendon, Mass............................... 84

Millers River at Erving, Mass....................................... 86

Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass............................ 87

Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass............................... 89

Otter River near Gardner, Mass.................................... 80

East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass......................... 91

Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass..........................._....... 93

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass................................ 94

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass.................................. 96

Swift River at West Ware, Mass.................................... 98

Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass............................. 100

Westfield River at Knightville, Mass................................ 102

Westfield River near Westfield, Mass................................ 104

Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass.............. 106

West Branch of Westfield River at Chester, Mass..................... 108

Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass.......................... 110

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass................................. 112

Farinington River near New Boston, Mass........................... 113

Housatonic River basin................................................. 115

Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass...................... 115

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn............................ 117

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn......................... 119

Hudson River basin .................................................. 121

Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................. 121

Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y................................. 122

Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.................................. 124

Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y................................. 126

Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y.............................. 128

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................... 129

Indian Lake reservoir at Indian Lake, N. Y......................... 131

Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................... 133

Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y.................................. 134

Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y................................. 136

Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y.................................. 138

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, N. Y............... 140
CONTENTS. 5

Gaging station records Continued. PageHudson River basin Continued.

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y.............................. 142

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y......................... 144

Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y................................... 146

Delaware River basin................................................. 148

East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y................. 148

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y................................ 150

Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J................................ 151

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y................................... 153

West Branch of Delaware- River at Hale Eddy, N. Y................. 155

Susquehanna River basin.............................................. 157

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y................................ 157

Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y.......................... 159

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y................................. 161

Patuxent River basin................................................. 163

Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md.............................. 163

Potomac River basin................................................... 165

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md.........:.................... 165

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md............................... 166

Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va................................ 168

Rappahannock River basin............................................. 170

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va....................... 170

Index.................................................................... 173

Appendix: Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... I

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station.................. 12

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; 6, Friez.... 13
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF NORTH ATLANTIC 

SLOPE BASINS, 1916.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1916.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connnection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry bills passed by Congress have carried 

the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June SO, 1895-1917.

1895....................................................... $12,500

1896..........-..........-................-....:........... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906, inclusive............................'........... 200,000

1907....................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1917, inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 14.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,100 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the Hawaiian 

Islands. In July, 1916, 1,290 gaging stations were being maintained 

by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many miscella7
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

neous discharge measurements are made at other points. In connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, 

evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water power in 

many sections of the country and will be made available in watersupply papers from time to time. Information in regard to publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix to this 

report.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth of inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, and 

millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A 

second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of 

rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors given 

in the tables of convenient equivalents (p. 9).

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing 

run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth of inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

"Millions of cubic feet" is applied to quantities of water stored in 

reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood control.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream below the gage which determine the stage-discharge relation 

at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the 

same section or sections at all stages.
CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 9

The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point 

on the gage the gage height to which the surface of the river 

would fall if there were no flow.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

(second-feet 

per square 

mile).

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

?.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (depth in inches).

Iday.

a 03719 

.07438 

. 11157 

. 14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (acre-feet).

Iday.

1.983 

3.9C7 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

. 57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days. 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (millions of cubic feet).

Iday.

0.0864 

.1728 

.2592 

.3456 

.4320 

.5184 

.6048 

.6912 

.7776

28 days.

2.419 

4.838 

7.257 

9.676 

12.10 

14.51 

16.93 

19.35 

21.77

29 days.

2.506 

5.012 

7.518 

10.02 

12.53 

15.04 

17.54 

20.05 

22.55

30 days.

2.592

5.184 

7.776 

10.37 

12.96 

15.55 

18.14 

20.74 

23.33

31 days.

2.678 

5.356 

8.034 

10.71 

13.39 

16.07 

18.75 

21.42 

24.10

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons

Discharge 

(secondieet).

1. ........

2. ........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8. ........

9.........

Run-off (millions of gallons).

Iday.

0.6463 

1.293 

1.939 

2.585 

3.232 

3.878 

4.524 

5.171 

5.817

28 days.

18.10 

36.20 

54.30 

72.40 

90.50 

108.6 

126.7 

144.8 

162.9

29 days.

18.74 

37.48 

56.22 

74.96 

93.70 

112.4 

131.2 

149.9 

168.7

30 days.

19.39 

38.78 

58.17 

77.56 

96.95 

116.3 

135.7 

155.1 

174.5

31 days.

20.04 

40.08 

60.12 

80.16 

100.2 

120.2 

140.3 

160.3 

180.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days.

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour.

[1 foot per second=0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour= 1.4666 

leet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.]

Feet per second 

(units).

0..... ............

1... ..............

2.................

3.................

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.................

9.................

Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second.

0

0.000 

.682 

1.36 

2.05 

2.73 

3.41 

4.09 

4.77 

5.45 

6.14

1

0.068 

.750 

1.43 

2.11 

2.80 

3.48 

4.16 

4.84 

5.52 

6.20

2

0.136 

.818 

1.50 

2.18 

2.86 

3.55 

4.23 

4.91 

5.59 

6.27

3

0.205 

.886 

1.57 

2.25 

2 93 

3.' 61 

4.30 

4.98 

5.66 

6.34

4

0.273 

.995 

1.64 

2.32 

3.00 

3.68 

 4.36 

5.05 

5.73 

6.41

5

0.341 

1.02 

1.70 

2.39 

3.07 

3.75 

4.43 

5.11 

5.80 

6.48

6

0.409 

1.09 

1.77 

2.45 

3.14 

3.82 

4.50 

5.18 

5.86 

6.55

7

0.477 

1.16 

1.84 

2.52 

3.20 

3.89 

4.57 

5.25 

5.93 

6.61

8

0.545 

1.23 

1.91 

2.59 

3.27 

3.95 

4.64 

5.32 

6.00 

6.68

9

0.614 

1.30 

1.98 

2.66 

3.34 

4.02 

4.70 

5.39 

6.07 

6.75

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. 

[1 second-foot=0.1136 theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. Weight of 1 cubic foot of water=62.5 pounds.]

Tens.

0.............

1.. ...........

2. ............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

Units.

0'

0.00 

1.14 

2.27 

3.41 

4.54 

5.68 

6.82 

7.95 

. 9.09 

10.2

1

0.114 

1.25 

2.39 

3.52 

4.66 

5.79 

6.93 

8.07 

9.20 

10.3

2

0.227 

1.36 

2.50 

3.64 

4.77 

5.91 

7.04 

8.18 

9.32 

10.5

3

0.341 

1.48 

2.61 

3.75 

4.88 

6.02 

7.16 

8.29 

9.43 

10.6

4

0.454 

1.59 

2.73 

3.86 

5.00 

6.13 

7.27 

8.41 

9.54 

10.7

5

0.568 

1.70 

2.84 

3.98 

5.11 

6.25 

7.38 

8.52 

9.66 

10.8

6

0.682 

1.82 

2.95 

4.09 

5.23 

6.36 

7.50 

8.63 

9.77 

10.9

7

0.795 

1.93 

3.07 

4.20 

5.34 

6.48 

7.61 

8.75 

9.88 

11.0

8

0.909 

2.04 

3.18 

4.32 

5.45 

6.59 

7.72 

8.86 

10.0 

11.1

9

1.02 

2.16 

3.29 

4.43 

5.57 

6.70 

7.84 

8.97 

10.1 

11.2

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet, or 13.572 inches 

deep.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. 11

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet. 

1 second-loot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for 

one day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month.

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. »

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

mil. , . ,, Second-feetXfall in feet , , To calculate water power quickly: ^ =net horsepower on

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1,1915, and ending September 30,1916. At the beginning of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water in the form of snow 

or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes 

off in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off 

is possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for 

the year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation within that year.
12 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist of records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to 

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder 

that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements 

of discharge are made with a current meter. (See Pis. I, II.) The 

general methods are outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when 

applied to the gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, 

monthly, and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the 

stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements 

are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of control, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean 

daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If 

such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily 

discharge may be obtained by averaging discharge at regular intervals 

during the day, or by using the discharge integrator, an instrument 

operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an 

essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest height, 

and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than given 

in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed "Minimum " the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 431 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 431 PLATE II

A. STEVENS. £. GURLEY PRINTING. 

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

a -FRIEZ.
ACCURACY OP FIELD DATA. 13

gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the average 

flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On this average 

flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, which are 

defined on page 8, are based.

The deficiency table presented for some of the gaging stations shows 

the number of days in each year on which the mean daily discharge 

was less than the discharge given in the table. By subtraction the 

table gives the number of days each year that the mean daily discharge was between the'discharges given in the table and, also by 

subtraction, the number of days that the mean daily discharge was 

equal to or greater than the discharge given. If one discharge rating 

table was used throughout the period covered by the deficiency table, 

gage heights that correspond to the discharges are also given. For 

convenience the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall corresponding 

to the discharge is given in the table on page 10. In using the 

table for studies of power, allowance should be made for the various 

losses, the most important being wheel loss and head loss.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanence of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

A paragraph in the description of the station or footnotes added to 

the tables gives information regarding the (1) permanence of the 

stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge 

rating curve is defined, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency 

of gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage heights to 

the rating table to obtain the daily discharge. 1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. 

These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the 

individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for sta1 For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, J. C., 

Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 53-69,1916.
14 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

tions on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less 

than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per square 

mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the flow 

at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow nore detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

The hydrometric work in Maine was carried on in cooperation 

with the Public Utilities Commission, Benjamin F. Cleaves, chairman, and Paul L. Bean, chief engineer.

In Vermont the work was carried on in cooperation with the 

State, which was represented by Gov. Charles W. Gates.

The work in Massachusetts was carried on in cooperation with the 

Commonwealth, David I. Walsh, governor, and with the commission 

on waterways and public lands, John N. Cole, chairman.

The station on Pomperaug Kiver at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., was 

maintained in cooperation with the State of Connecticut.

Financial assistance has been rendered by the New England Power 

Co., the Turners Falls Power & Electric Co., the Connecticut Valley 

Lumber Co., the Holyoke Water Power Co., the International Paper 

Co., the Connecticut Power Co., the W. H. McElwain Co., the Potomac 

Electric Power Co., the Spottsylvania Power Co., and other power 

companies in connection with records on streams * which they are 

utilizing.

Work in the State of New York has been conducted under cooperative agreements with the State engineer and surveyor and, since 

July 1, 1911, with the Division of Waters of the State Conservation 

Commission.

The water-stage recorder on Hudson Kiver at Spier Falls, N. Y., 

was inspected by an employee of the Adirondack Electric Power 

Corporation, Glen Falls, N. Y.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in New England were collected and prepared 

for publication under the direction of C. H. Pierce, district engineer. 

The work in Maine was under the immediate supervision of G. C. 

Danforth, assistant engineer of the public utilities commission, who 

was assisted by W. G. Hill, and E. W. Conners. The other assistants in New England were H. J. Dean, Hardin Thweatt, H. W. Fear, 

R. S. Barnes, G. F. Adams, W. A. Elwood, and Hope Hearn.
ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN. 15

Data for stations in New York were collected and prepared for 

publication under the direction of C. C. Covert, district engineer, who 

was assisted by O. W. Hartwell, E. D. Burchard, A. H. Davison, 

W. A. James, and Helen Kimmey.

For stations in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia the data were 

collected and prepared for publication under the direction of G. C. 

Stevens, district engineer, who was assisted by H. J. Jackson, H. J. 

Dean, Lasley Lee, B. J. Peterson, James E. Stewart, M. I. Walters, 

and H. W. Fear.

The manuscript was assembled and reviewed by H. J. Dean.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN. 

ST. JOHN RIVER AT FORT KENT, MAINE.

LOCATION. At suspension footbridge in Fort Kent, Aroostook County, a short distance 

above mouth of Fish River, and about 15 miles below mouth of St. Francis River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,880 square miles. (Does not include 270 square miles of Chamberlain Lake drainage area, which is partly tributary to Penobscot basin. See 

Water-Supply Paper 281, p. 28.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 13, 1905, to December 31, 1915, when station was 

discontinued. Data also in annual reports of Public Utilities Commission of 

Maine.

GAGE. Inclined staff 22 feet long, in two sections; attached to new concrete pier 

nearest New Brunswick shore of river. Lower part of gage is placed in a groove 

in the side of the pier; upper part is fastened to downstream end of same pier. 

Read by F. L. Hamilton.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent. Banks high, rocky, cleared, and 

not subject to overflow except in extreme freshets.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATIONS. A few dams on the headwaters are used for log driving; the operation 

of these dams only slightly affects the flow past the gage. No corrections applied.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; occasionally affected 

by backwater due to jamming of logs on bridge piers, and during the winter by ice. 

Gage read to tenths twice daily. Rating curve well defined below 15,000 secondfeet and poorly defined between 15,000 and 90,000 second-feet. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights. Results good.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. John River at Fart Kent, Maine, for the period

Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1915.

Day.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

Oct.

12,100

10,300

9,040

8,000

8,340

10,300

11,100

10,500

7,830

6,070

Nov.

7,500

7,660

8,340

7 660

7^330

6,690

6,070

5,320

4,900

4,500

Dec.

5,040

5,320

4,240

4

QAA

4,900

4,760

4,630

4 630 4' no

Day.

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

Oct.

i onn

4,370

3,610

3 4.OO

3,490

3,860

3

AQ(\

3,610

Nov.

4,110

4,110

4,370

4 900

4^760

4,500

4,370

4,370

4,110

3

Qfif\

Dec.

3,030

2,140

2,140

2,140

2,510

2,510

2,610

3,030

2,920

2,510

Day.

21.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Oct.

3,610

4,110

5,770

5,470

5,180

4,370

4,370

4,370

4,630

5,920

6,380

Nov.

4,370

4,370

4,370

4,370

3,860

3,490

3,140

3,610

3,740

4,500

Dec.

2,510

o Qon

2,320

2,510

2,710

2,710

2,710

2,700

2,700

2,700

2,700

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice for a few days in December; discharge estimated 

Dec. 28-31.
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Monthly discharge of St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine, for the period Oct. 1 to Dec.

31, 191.5.

[Drainage area, 4,880 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12.100 

8,340 

5,320

ItyTmTTinTn3,370 

3,140 

2,140

Mean.

6,000 

4,980 

3,240

Per 

square 

mile.

1.23 

1.02 

.664

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.42

1.14 

.77

ST. JOHN RIVER AT VAN BTTREN, MAINE.

LOCATION. At new international bridge at Van Buren, Aroostook County; about 14 

miles above Grand Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,270 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 4, 1908, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Gage used since May 6, 1912, painted vertically on second pier from Van. 

Buren end of bridge; zero of gage, 407.69 feet above sea level; daily gage heights 

1908 to 1911 read on a vertical rod attached to pier of sawdust carrier of Hammond's mill, about 700 feet below international bridge, but as published they 

are reduced to the datum of the bridge gage. Gage read by W. H. Scott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from international bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 21.6 feet at 6 p. m. 

April 26 and 6 a. m. April 27 (discharge, 84,900 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 1.45 feet at 6.30 p. m. September 1 and 6.10 a. m. September 2 (discharge, 1,820 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice, usually from December to 

March; estimates based on gage heights at Grand Falls and rating curve derived 

from measurements at Van Buren.

REGULATION. The little storage above for log driving probably does not affect the 

flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights. 

Results good.

COOPERATION. Winter gage heights at Grand Falls furnished by H. S. Ferguson, 

consulting engineer.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. G. Hill: 

February 10, 1916: Gage height 6.20 feet; discharge 4,620 second-feet; stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
ST. JOHN EIVEE BASIN. 17

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

20,300

17,900

16,000

14,400 10 (vvi

12,800

15,700

16,000

15,200

13,200

11,400

9,500

9,240

9,240

8,980

8,980

8,720

8,470

8,470

8,400

8,470

8,980

9,370

9,370

9,500

9,110

8,850

8,720

8,720

9,110

10,400

Nov.

12,300

13,500

13,600

13,500

12,600

12,100

11,500

10,700

10,200

9,630

9,240

8,980

9,500

9,760

9,500

9,760

9,630

9,370

8,850

8,220

8,850

9,370

9,110

8,600

8,790

8,310

7,840

7,690

10,700

Dec.

11,200

11,000

10,800

10,500

10,700

11,200

10,300

9,790

9,450

8,790

7,250

5,840

4,510

5,500

5,500

5,720

5,400

5,840

6,440

6,700

7,400

5,950

5,610

5,500

5,190

fi ion

6,440

7,840

8,100

7,540

6,840

Jan.

6,970

6,970

6,970

6,840

6

QA(\

6,700

6,440

6,320

6,190

5,950

5,610

5,500

5,500

5,500

5,400

5,400

5,090

4,700

4,700

4,510

A QQf|

4,330

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,420

4,330

4,240

4,330

Feb.

4,700

4,890

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,190

5,090

4,890

4,700

4,600

4,510

4,330

4,080

3,990

3,820

3,660

3,660

3,660

3,350

3,280

3,200

3,200

3,200

4,800

4,800

3,200

3,350

3,660

.......

Mar.

4,160

4,510

4,990

5,290

5,720

6,190

6,190

6,190

6,320

6,700

6,700

6,570

6,190

5,720

5,400

5,290

5,290

5,090

4,700

4,600

4,330

3,990

3,500

3,350

3,050

3,820

4,510

5,950

6,700

8,100

Apr.

8,790

9,790

9,960

10,500

10,800

12,300

13,900

14,700

16,100

17,200

18,500

19,400

20,100

20,300

21,600

22,800

24,100

28,300

46,000

52,500

58,300

60 800

67,800

74,400

79,800

84,600

81,300

70,500

May.

65,100

61,600

61,600

61,400

56,800

51,200

46,800

46,500

44,800

41,300

37,700

33,900

31,500

29,200

27,000

24,700

23,400

25,100

27,800

27,800

30,200

28,600

26,000

23,600

22,000

22,400

24,000

21,700

21,000

20,600

24,200

June.

27,600

28,800

27,200

24,200

99 QfM

21,200

20,800

21,000

19,700

17,900

16,600

16,500

15,400

14,600

13,900

12,800

11,800

11,100

11,400

11,100

12,500

13,300

14,100

13,900

12,800

12,500

13,000

13,300

13.600

13,200

July.

12,900

11,500

10,600

11,500

13,900

18,800

19,200

17,100

14,600

13,000

11,900

11,100

9,890

8,980

7,970

6,880

6,640

6,160

5,820

5,700

5,940

6,520

6,880

7,840

8,470

21,300

15,800

11,800

10,200

9,240

8,600

Aug.

7,720

6,880

5,820

5,250

5,030

5,360

6,640

7,240

7,360

7,360

7,000

6,760

6,160

5,360

4,590

4,160

3,840

3,540

3,540

3,250

3,060

3,250

2,880

2,620

2,280

2,360

2,280

2,530

2,280

2,040

Sept.

1,890

1,890

1,890

1,960

2,360

2,200

2,200

2,440

2,530

2,530

2,200

2,530

2,440

2,200

2,040

2,200

2,040

1,890

2,440

2,360

2,200

2,360

2,360

2,280

2,200

2,530

2,440

2,360

2.200

2,040

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from about Nov. 25 to Apr. 18; discharge ascertained by 

use of gage heights at Grand Falls. No records Oct. 13-19; discharge estimated.

Monthly discharge of St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

' [Drainage area, 8,270 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May ...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

20,300 

13,600 

11,200 

6,970 

5,190 

8,100 

84,600 

65,100 

28,800 

21,300 

7,720 

2,530

84,600

Minimum.

8,400 

7,690 

4,510 

4,240 

3,200 

3,050 

8,790 

20,600 

11,100 

5,700 

2,040 

1,890

1,890

Mean.

11,200 

10,000 

7,580 

5,380 

4,210 

5,340 

37,900 

35,200 

16,600 

10,900 

4,530 

2,240

12,600

Per 

square 

mile.

1.35 

1.21 

.917 

.651 

.509 

.646 

4.58 

4.26 

2.01 

1.32 

.548 

.271

1.52

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.56 

1.35 

1.06 

, .75 

.55 

.74 

5.11 

4.91 

2.24 

1.52 

.63 

.30

20.72

99282°-18 WSP 431-
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

MACHIAS RIVER BASIN.

MACHIAS RIVER AT WHITHEYVILLE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At a wooden highway bridge in the town of Whitneyville, Washington 

County, 200 feet below a storage dam, 4 miles above Machias.

DRAINAGE AREA. 465 square miles.

EECORDS AVAILABLE. October 17,1903, to September 30,1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain installed on the wooden highway bridge October 10, 1911; prior to 

October 3, 1905, chain gage on the Washington County railroad bridge, threefourths of a mile downstream; October 3, 1905, to October 9, 1911, staff gage on 

highway bridge at datum of present chain gage. Gage read by I. S. Albee.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.8 feet at 2.30 

p. m. May 18 (discharge, 4,380 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during 

year, 3.3 feet on October 28, 29, 30, 31, and November 1 (discharge, 178 secondfeet).

ICE. River usually remains open at the gage, but ice farther downstream occasionally 

affects the stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. Opening and closing of gates in storage dam immediately above 

station each day during low stages of the river cause considerable fluctuation; 

some log driving every year and jams of short duration occasionally occur.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 100 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read 

to half-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table 

to mean daily gage heights. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Machias River at WMtneyville, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Tan. 21

Mar. 1

Made by 

W.G. Hill.. ...........

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

3.60

05.20

Discharge.

Sec.-/*. 

302

1,050

Date.

Mar. 14

Apr. 18

Made by 

W.G.HU1. ............

G. C. Danforth.........

*

Feet. 

i4.00

5.41

Discharge.,

3ec.-ft. 

444

1,500

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
MACHIAS BTVER BASIN. 19

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

$>ct.

267

267

314

362

362

517

517

464

464

464

412

362

314

267

267

267

267

267

314

362

412,

412

412

362

314

267

221

178

178

178

178

Nov.

178

221

221

267

267

267

267

267

244

244

221

221

221

221

267

314

314

314

517

74n

800

800

800

770

740

740

74n

682

682

682

Dec.

654

626

626

626

571

517

517

490

464

412

362

314

267

221

221

221

221

221

1,290

1,360

1,360

1,170

981

860

800

860

2,180

2,100

1,780

1,490

1,360

Jan.

1,230

1,100

981

860

682

626

571

517

412

362

362

362

362

387

412

419

412

387

362

362

314

314

314

314

338

362

362

387

412

412

412

Feb.

412

412

387

387

412

412

419

412

314

314

362

362

412

412

412

362

314

314

314

314

314

314

338

362

362

517

860

1,290

1,170

Mar.

1.050

800

740

682

626

626

626

571

517

490

490

4QA

438

438

438

464

464

490

490

517

571

598

626

626

626

682

800

920

1,230

1,640

2,100

Apr.

2,530

2,440

2,360

2,270

2,180

2,100

1 04(1

1,780

1,780

1,640

1,560

1,560

1,640

1,670

1,710

1,640

1,560

1,490

2,530

2,800

2,440

1,940

1,490

1,490

1,560

1 430

1,290

1,230

1,230

1,290

May.

1,360

1,430

1,430

1,490

1,430

1,430

1,430

1,490

1,640

1,710

1,780

1,860

2,020

2,020

2,020

2,020

2,100

4,380

3,880

3,280

2,890

2,620

2,440

2,800

2,890

2,620

2,180

2,020

1,940

1,860

1,780

June.

1,780

1,710

1,640

1,560

1,490

1,430

1,230

1,040

1,040

1,100

1,780

2,360

2,100

1,780

1,290

800

682

1,430

2,360

2,360

2,020

1,560

1 360

i'ft4n

682

1,040

i ndn

1,100

1,170

1,100

July.

1,040

1,100

1,230

1,430

1,560

1,360

1,100

981

920

860

800 74f>

626

517

464

419

800

800

740

682

626

571

517

1,230

2,620

1,940

1,780

1,430

981

860

682

Augt

620

571

517

517

517

517

dRA

484

517

464

412

362

314

412

412

412

412

314

267

221

314

362

314

314

267

267

267

464

800

740

682

Sept.

626

626

626

626

598

571

517

517

517

464

464

4A4

464

464

464

517

981

860

740

682

626

571

571

682

860

860

740

682

626

517

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from about Feb. 1 to Mar. 19; discharge ascertained by 

means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 465 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

517 

800 

2,180 

1,230 

1,290 

2,100 

2,800 

4,380 

2,360 

2,620 

800 

981

4,380

Minimum.

178 

178 

221 

314 

314 

438 

1,230 

1,360 

682 

412 

221 

464

178

Mean.

329 

440 

811 

487 

448 

705 

1,820 

2,140 

1,440 

1,010 

436 

617

890

Per 

square 

mile.

0.708 

.946 

1.74 

1.05 

.964 

1.52 

3.91 

4.60 

3.10 

2.17 

.938 

1.33

1.91

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.82 

1.06 

2.01 

1.21 

1.04 

1.75 

4.36 

5.30 

3.46 

2.50 

1.08 

1.48

26.07
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

TJNION RIVER BASIN.

WEST BRANCH OF UNION RIVER AT AMHERST. HAUTE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge three-fourths of a mile west of Amherst post office, 

Hancock County, on road to Bangor, about a mile below highway bridge at old 

tannery dam.

DRAINAGE AREA. 140 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1909, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commissiori of Maine.

GAGE. Chain, installed June 2, 1910, at same datum as old vertical gage nailed to 

log abutment; read by Mrs. Emma Sumner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; unlikely to change except in unusual flood.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 10.1 

feet at 8 a. m. April 2 (discharge, 1,110 second-feet); a stage of 10.6 feet was recorded at 8 a. m. and 4 p. m. January 9, but the stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice at the time; minimum open-water stage recorded during year, 

5.2 feet August 22, 23, and September 2, 3, 4 (discharge, 28 second-feet). Minimum discharge estimated as 23 second-feet on February 21,22,23; stage-discharge 

relation affected by ice at the time.

ICE. Surface ice forms to a considerable thickness and anchor ice is found at the 

measuring section; stage-discharge relation seriously affected.

EEGTJLATION. Regimen of stream only slightly affected by the operation of the few 

log-driving dams above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

backwater from ice and occasional logjams. Bating curve well defined below 1,100 

second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily except from January 10 to March 

31, when it was read twice daily three days a week. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights. Results fair.

Discharge measurements 'of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, during ike

year ending Sept. 30,1916. '

Date.

"War 9

Made by 

W.G. Hill.............

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o9.08

o8.71

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

171

94Q

Date.

Mar. 21

Made by 

W.G. mil.. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o7.77

6.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

97

159

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
UNION EIVEE BASIN. 21

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9...... ........

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.....:........

22..............

23... ...........

24..............

26..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

78

59

47

44 - 37

40

44

79

72

68

68

68

63

63

59

59

55

51

51

51

47

47

47

51

44

d<L

51

68

72

78

78

Nov.

72

72

72

72

63

59

55

55

51

226

164

125

110

110

140

125

118

' 118

156

208

254

254

264

264

245

208

173

173

190

190

Dec.

190

173

173f

156

156

isfi

156

148

148

173

208

226

226

245

226

226

226

304

347

304

304

304

QA/I

314

347

484

738

738

724

710

879

Jan.

669

656

643

630

380

347

336

325

304

304

304

294

904

284

264

245

226

208

190

190

190

190

182

182

173

173

182

182

190

190

190

Feb.

190 ion

182

17i

156

140

110

on

78

79

63

55

47Ai

40

34

31

9ft

26

OS

23

VI

28

34

40

110

284

264

Mar.

264

OOfi

140

72

Qfi

125

125

19K

132

140

148

140

140

132

125

118

118

110

118

toe

103

on

na

103

110

132 isfi

226

314

605

783

Apr.

984

1,020

830

724

682

630

605

wn

556

532

508

592

630

682

fififi

fin<;

618

682

798

862

814

768

738

630

ssn

eric

592

SIR

532

484

May.

461

438

41 e.

392

369

347

336

304

9QJ.

284

226

1QA

ion

ion

190

190

274

404

369

336

304

294

325

325

314

314

304

284

284

325

June.

284

9Af^

190

190 ion

I'M

140

125

132

125

164

156

148

140

125

284

369

A.1 f.

392

336

304

284

245

226

226

217

245

245

July.

217

208

226

264

304

304

254

226

208

1Qft

1ft*>

156

125

110

110

125

156

1 f\A

14A

132

118

125

173

190

208

208

190

148

125

110

Aug.

Q/\

S3

72

63

63

65

66

79

7*1

63

55

55

55

47

4fl

4007

34

34

31

28

9£

47

40

40

40

4rt

40

37

34

Sept.

Of

9ft

Oft

Oft

VI

34

34

34

47

40

40

34

34

QI

31

OKA

140

125

1QA

156

140

125

110

QA

83

79

63

59

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10-15. 26-29, and Jan. 1 to Apr. 2; discharge for 

these periods ascertained by means of gage heights, 3 discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 140 square miles.)

Month.

April..........................................

May...... .....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

78 

264 

879 

669 

284 

783 

1,020 

461 

415 

304 

96 

284

1,020

Minimum.

37 

51 

148 

173 

23 

72 

484 

190 

125 

110 

28 

28

23

Mean.

57 

146 

323 

294 

95 

176 

669 

309 

220 

178 

51 

80

217

Per 

square 

mile.

0.407 

1.04 

2.31 

2.10 

.678 

1.26 

4.78 

2.21 

1.57 

1.27 

.364 

.571

1.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.47 

1.16 

2.66 

2.42 

.73 

1.45 

5.33 

2.55 

1.75 

1.46 

.42 

.64

21.04
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

PE NOB SCOT RIVER BASIN. 

WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER AT MILLINOCKET, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Quakish Lake dam and Millinocket mill of Great Northern Paper 

Co., at Millinocket, Penobscot County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,880 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 11,1901, to September 30,1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGES. Water-stage recorder at Quakish Lake dam and gages in forebay and 

tailrace at mill.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Crest of concrete dam.

DISCHARGE. Flow computed by considering the flow over the dam, the flow through 

the wheels, and the water used through the log sluices and niters. The wheels 

were rated at Holyoke, Mass., before being placed in position and were tested 

later by numerous tube-float and current-meter measurements. When the flow 

of the river is less than 2,500 sceond-feet, all the water generally flows through 

the wheels of the mill.

ICE. Determination of discharge not seriously affected by ice; Ferguson Pond, just 

above entrance to canal, eliminates effect from anchor ice.

REGULATION. Dams at outlets of North Twin-and Chesuncook lakes store water 

on a surface of about 65 square miles, with a capacity of about 32 billion cubic 

feet. Except during the time (usually in August) when excess water has to be 

supplied for log driving on the river below Millinocket and for a short time during 

the spring freshet, run-off is regulated by storage. Results corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by engineers of Great Northern Paper Co.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine, for the yew

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,880 square miles.]

Month.

October. ...................................................

May.......................................................

July.......................................................

The year................... ..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Observed 

mean.

2,300 

2,270 

2,280 

2,230 

2,230 

2,590 

2,970 

2,660 

2,880 

3,550 

3,040 

2,560

2,630

Corrected for storage.

Mean.

1,530 

1,390 

2,080 

1,890 

1,370 

1,390 

7,640 

6,200 

3,830 

3,800 

2,430 

1,850

2,950

Per 

square 

mile.

0.814 

.739 

1.11 

1.00 

.729 

.739 

4.06 

3.30 

2.04 

2.02 

1.29 

.984

1.57

Corrected 

run-off 

(depth in . 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.94 

.82 

1.28 

1.15 

.79 

.85 

4.53 

3.80 

2.28 

2.33 

1.49 

1.10

21.36

WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER NEAR MEBWAY, MAINE.

LOCATION. Just above Nichatou Rapids, half a mile above mouth of East Branch 

of Penobscot River and the town of Medway, Penobscot County, and 2 miles 

below East Millinocket.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,100 square miles (authority, Public Utilities Commission of 

Maine).
PENOBSOOT BIVEE BASIN. 23

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 20 to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Chain on left bank; read by A. T. Reed; Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder 

on left bank installed August 4, 1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel fairly smooth at measuring section; covered with 

rocks and boulders above and below gage; channel divides a few hundred feet 

below gage, but practically entire flow passes to left of Nichatou Island. Control 

formed by Nichatou Island and head of Nichatou Rapids; probably permanent.

ICE. Ice forms along both banks, but the main channel remains open; stage-discharge 

relation probably not seriously affected.

REGULATION. Flow at ordinary stages completely regulated by dams and storage 

reservoirs above station.

ACCURACY. Rating curve not well defined; daily discharge not determined.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine, during 

the year ending Sept. 30,1916.

Date.

Aug. 3

8

9

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4,12

4.46

5.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,920

3,950

5,500

Date.

Aug. 18

Sept. 22

Made by 

T. W. Clark............

E. W. Conners.........

4T,

Feet. 

4.45

3.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,910

2,520

PENOBSCOT RIVER AT WEST ENFIELD, MAINE.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge 1,000 feet below the mouth of Piscataquis 

River and 3 miles west of Enfield railroad station", Penobscot County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1902, to September 30,1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGES. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank, downstream side of left bridge 

abutment, used since December 11, 1912; standard chain gage on upstream side 

of bridge, used prior to that date; gages set to same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at gage broken by four bridge piers; straight above 

and below the gage. Banks high and rocky and not subject taoverflow. Control 

is at Passadumkeag Rips, about 5 miles below the gage; a wing dam at this point 

is overflowed at about gage height 5.5 feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice from December to April; discharge ascertained by comparison with records a,t Sunkhaze Rips collected by 

Thomas W. Clark.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

10.4 feet at 4 to 9 p. m. April 19 (discharge, 36,700 second-feet); imnjmiirn stage 

during year from water-stage recorder, 2.35 feet at 6 a. m. October 19 (discharge, 

3,950 second-feet).

REGULATION. Flow since 1900 largely controlled by storage, principally in the lakes 

tributary to the West Branch. Results not corrected for storage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice 

and occasionally by logs. Rating curve well defined. Operation of water-stage 

recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ordinarily ascertained 

by applying rating table to average of 24 hourly gage heights; at times of serious 

fluctuation in stage the daily discharge is ascertained by using the average of 

12 two-hour periods. Results excellent.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record and several discharge measurements furnished by 

Thomas W. Clark, hydraulic engineer, Oldtown, Maine. Discharge measuremerits also made by students of the University of Maine, under the direction of 

Prof. H. S. Boardman.

Discharge measurements ofPenobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, during theyear ending

Sept. SO. 1916.

Date.

Apr. 6

Made by 

T.W. Clark............

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.05

«ll. 17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5.480

24 

' 600

Date.

Apr. 11

26

Made by 

T.W. Clark............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«7.80

2.91

2.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

19,700

4,830

4,320

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3. .............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

6,390

5,890

5,770

5,190

5,420

5,540

5,540

5,540

5,540

5,420

5,540

5,190

5,190

5,080

4 840

4,730

4,620

4,280

4,060

4,620

4,620

4,730

i Qfifi

4,620

4,170

4,170 4 Qfin

5,890

6,390

6,260 

6,520

Nov.

6,520

6,260

6,140

5,770

5,420

5,190

4,960

4,840

4,840

4,730

4,730

4,730

4,730

4,730

4,730

5,650

6,390

6,140

5,770

6,780

9,720

10,200

9,570

8,680

8,260

7,580

7,300

7 (ML(\

6,910

7,840

Dee.

9,570

9,880

8,980

8,680

8,260

7,840

7,840

7,580

7,300

6,650

5,890

5,190

4,730

5,420

5,890

5,770

5,650

6,260

6,650

6,910

7,710

7,710

7 040 7' run

6,910

a 9fUl

iq nflA

10 Arm

17 600

16,400 

14,800

Jan.

13,900

12,300

10,800

10,800

10,500

10,000

9,570

8,830

8,120

7,710

7,980

7 980

7)580

7,300

6,910

6,520

6,390

6

OQfl

A ion

6,520

6,390

6,260

5,650

6,260

6,520

6

OQn

S

oon

6,390

6,260 

' 6, 140

Feb.

6,020

6,140

6,020

6,260

6,390

6,140

5,650

5,770

5,890

6,020

5,770

5,540

5,540

5,300

5,080

4 840

4*730

4,730

4,840

4,620

4,280

4,390

4 840

4,730

4,730

4 840

5)650

6,260

7,710

Mar.

7,710

7,440

7,300

7,040

6,520

5,770

5,770

6,140

6,140

6,390

6,390

6,140

5,420

5,770

6,140

6,140

6,020

5,770

5

KAf\

5,080

5,300

5,540

5,540

5,420

5,540

5 540

e)020

7,580

9 970

11,800 

15,800

Apr.

19,700

24,700

26,300

27.100

25,200

24,700

23,000

21,300

21,100

20,200

19,300

20,800

21,300

23,000

22,500

22,700

27,600

36,100

34,100

31,900

29,800

OQ AtV\

90 finn

29,000

26,500 oft nnn

90 f)()f\

18,600

May.

16,800

17,400

17,400

16,200

16,200

16,800

16,400

15,400

15,800

15,400

19 onft

13,500

12,600

11,000

9,570

9,420

9,420

14,200

23,200

*)(\ fiftn

17,800

16,000

15,000

15,400

15,800

16,200

15,000

14,100 19 firm

13,400 

14,400

June.

14,600

13,200

12,600

10,200

11,800

12,000

10,800

10,200

10,500

19 nnn

12,600

14,800

14,600

14,100

12,800

12,300

13,000

14,600

15,000

13,700

13,900

19 find

10,700

9,720

10,200

10,800

11,100

12,300

12,100

July.

11,100

9,880

9,720

14,600

20,400

20,800

18,200

16,600

16,200

14,600

13,000

13,200

12,600

12,300

12,000

10,800

11,000

12,300

11,800

9,570

8,830

9,120

8,830

8,980

8,830

10,800

12,800

11,800

11,500 

10,300

Aug.

9,270

9,270

8,680

8,260

8,260

7,710

7,300

7,840

10,500

11,100

9,880

8,830

8,120

7 840

7* 040

7 300

7)300

7,170

6,780

6,020

6,020

5,420

5 540

5)890

5,420

5,770

5,770

5 540

5)650

5,770 

5,770

Sept.

5,650

5,770

5,190

5,190

5,080

5,190

5,300

4,960

A Qfin

5,080

5,300

5,300

5,080

4 Tin

4,730

4,730

5,080

4,960

4 Qfin

5,190

4 Qfin

4,730

4,620

4,280

4.280

A QftA

A QftA

4 9Sfi

4,170

4,170

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Apr. 11; discharge ascertained by means 

of comparison with records at Sunkhaze Rips, using a reduction factor obtaJued by comparing records 

representing normal conditions.
PENOBSCOT MVEE BASIN. 25

Monthly discharged/Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 6,630 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

\fftV

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,520 

10.200 

18,600 

13,900 

7,710 

15,800 

36,100 

23,200 

15,000 

20,800 

11,100 

5,770

36,100

Minimum.

4,060 

4,730 

4,730 

5,650 

4,280 

5,080 

18,600 

9,420 

9,720 

8,830 

5,420 

4,170

' 4,060

Mean.

5,220 

6,400 

8,580 

7,780 

5.470 

6,710 

24,900 

- 15,100 

12,300 

12,400 

7,320 

4,890

9,750

Per 

square 

mile.

0.791 

.970 

1.30 

1.18 

.829 

1.02 

3.77 

2.29 

1.86 

1.88 

1.11 

.741

1.48

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.91 

1.08 

1.60 

 1.36 

.89 

1.18 

4.21 

2.64 

2.08 

2.17 

1.28 

.83

20.13

EAST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER AT GRINDSTONE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Bangor & Aroostook Railroad bridge half a mile south of railroad 

station at Grindstone, Penobscot County, one-eighth mile above Grindstone 

Falls, and about 8 miles above confluence with West Branch at Medway.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles; includes 270 square miles of Chamberlain 

Lake drainage.

RECOEDS AVAILABLE. October 23,1902, to September 30,1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine*

GAGE. Chain attached to railroad bridge; read by R. D. Porter.

DISCHABGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; stream confined by abutments of 

bridge and broken by one pier at ordinary stages; velocity of current medium 

at moderate and high stages but sluggish at low water.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.7 feet at 1 p. m. 

July 5 (discharge, 6,890 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 4.3 

feet October 14 to 21 (discharge, 275 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms to a considerable thickness at the gage and down to the head of 

Grindstone Falls, and although the falls usually remain open during the greater 

part of the winter, the stage-discharge relation is somewhat affected.

REGULATION. Several dams maintained at outlets of a number of lakes and ponds 

near source of river are regulated for log driving; during the summer and fall 

gates are generally left open. The basin of the East Branch since about 1840 

includes about 270 square miles of territory draining into Chamberlain Lake 

that formerly drained into the St. John River basin, the diversion being made 

through what is known as the Telos Canal. Results not corrected for storage and 

diversions.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from log 

jams at station and at Grindstone Falls immediately below, and by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well defined between 400 and 8,000 second-feet. Gage 

read to tenths twice daily from October 1 to December 13; three times a week 

from December 14 to March 31; and once daily from April 1 to September 30. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights. 

Results probably fair for moderate and high stages but uncertain for low stages.
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, during 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Jan. 26

Feb. 18

Made by 

W. G.Hill.............

.....do.................

height.

Feet. o5.50.

o5.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

829

514

Date.

Mar. 20

Sept. 21

Made by 

W. G.Hill.............

a.

Feet. 

a 5. 80

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

709

383

a Stage-discharge relation-affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

2,...........:.

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11......:.....-.

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

620

560

505

455

455

455

455

455

455

382

315

315

315

275

275

275

275

275

275

275

295

382

405

405

360

360

405

560

505

505

560

Nov.

650

620

560

505

505

455

455

405

405

360

360

430

455

455

480

505

505

455

4ns

590

875

1,080

1,020

QOA

1,380

970

1,020

970

970

1 

' 190

Dec.

1,250

1,250

1,590

1,320

I

t oft

1,130

1.020

1,020

970

920

620

680

920

830

750

680

680

620

715

830

750

715

650

620

920

1,660

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,120

Jan.

1,810

1,660

1,520

1,-380

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,190

1,130

1,080

1,080

1,080

1 1 3ft

1

1 Oft

1,130

-1,080

1,020

920

830

750

7<U1

7CA

790

830

830

830

830

830

830

Feb.

830

830

790

790

750

715

680

680

680

680

650

620

590

560

560

560

560

505

455

430

405

405

dftfi

405

405

405

620

875

1,080

Mar.

1,590

1,520

1,520

1,450

1,250

1,080

920

970

970

970

970

970

970

1,250 i <ion

1.250

920

715

715

715

715

715

790

875

970

875

790

920

1,080

1,520

2,120

Apr.

2,880

3,700

5,120

5,120

4,490

3,890

3,320

3,320

3,230

3,140

3,050

3,320

3,510

3,600

q 7nn

3,700

4,290

5,660

6 14ft

6,210

5,990

5,990

5,770

6,210

5,770

5,120

4,910

4,700

4,290

3 qOfl

May.

3.700

3,890

4.090

3,510

3,700

3,510

3,510

3,510

3,320

2,960

3>140

3,510

3,510

2,960

2 A.W

1,960

1,960

3,700

4,910

4,290

3,890

3,700

3,700

3,700

3 7nn

3,700

3,700

3,510

3,320

3,510

3,320

June.

2,620

2.960

3,510

3,800

4,090

4,290

2,450

2,280

2.280

2,280

2,540

2,790

2,120

3,890

3,890

4,090

3,890

2,700

3,320

4,090

2,790

1,250

2,120

2,790

4,290

3,890

4,090

4,090

3,890

3,890

July.

4,090

4,290

4,490

4,910

6,660

4,700

5,550

5,550

4,TOO

2,960

2,790

2,620

2,450

2,450

2,200

2,200

2,120

2,120

2,120

1,960

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,520

1,380

1,660

2,790

2,120

1,810

1,520

1,250

Aug.

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,960

1,520

1,320

1,250

i lift

1,020

1,020

920

875

830

830

830

7i*n

680

680

680

680

680

620

620

620

560

560

Sept.

560

533

533

560

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

-ice

405

405

405

455

455

455

405

405

405

405

360

405

405

360

405

ifift

360

405

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 13 to Apr. 11; discharge ascertained by means 

of gage heights, 3 discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. No gage records, discharge interpolated, Apr. 14, May 14,28, June 4,11, July 2,9,16,30, Aug. 27, and Sept. 3,10,17.
PENOBSCOT BIVEB BASIN. 27

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, for the year

ending Sept 30,1916.

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

October. ...... ... . . . . . ..............

February. .....................................

March.................. ... ..................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June... ........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

TtfflTiniTiTii.

620 

1,380 

2,450 

1,810 

1,080 

2,120 

6,540 

4,910 

4,290 

6,660 

1,960 

560

6,660

Minimum.

275 

360 

620 

750 

405 

715 

2,880 

1,960 

1.250 

1,250 

. 560 

360

275

Mean.

400 

665 

1,170 

1,070 

618 

1,090 

4,460 

3,480 

3,230 

2,880 

1,010 

448

1,710

Per 

square 

mile.

0.364 

.604 

1.06 

.973 

.562 

.991 

4.06 

3.16 

2.94 

2.62 

.918 

.407

1.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.42 

.67 

1.22 

1.12 

.61 

1.14 

4.53 

3.64 

3.28 

3.02 

1.06 

.45

21.16

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-off 

doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow for probably little stored water is held over from year 

to year.

MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER AT MATTAWAMKEAG, MAIKE.

LOCATION. At Maine Central Railroad bridge at village of Mattawamkeag, Penobscot 

County, half a mile above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 26, 1902, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain fastened to railroad bridge; read by W. T. Mincher.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge; low-water measurements made 

by wading at a point about a mile above station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; channel at bridge broken by two 

piers.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 9.1 

feet at 7 a. m. April 6 (discharge, 10,200 second-feet); a stage of 9.6 feet was 

observed at 7 a. m. April 4, but the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice 

at the time; minimum stage recorded, 3.6 feet September 5, 6, and 15 (discharge, 

450 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice for several months each "winter.

REGULATION. Dams are maintained at outlets of several large lakes and ponds, but 

the stored water is used only for log driving.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from log 

jams and, during winter, by ice. Rating curve well defined below 16,000 secondfeet. Gage read to tenths twice daily, except from January 16 to April 3, when 

it was read twice a week. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table 

to mean daily gage heights. Results good for open-water periods.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, during (he year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 26

Feb. 5

Mar. 1

Made by .

W. G. Hill. ............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.92

06.C3

06.73

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

681

786

Date.

Mar. 3

May 5

Made by 

W.G.Hill.. ...........

T.W. Clark............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«6.90

6.61

6.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,320

4,160

3,130

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, for tlie

year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4... ...........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

1,470

1,190

1,140

1 140

950

860

780

78ft

780

780

780

700

700

700

700

700

630

630

630

630

700

700

700

995

1,140

1,240

1,350

1,470

Nov.

1,470

1,350

1,350

1,240

1 140

1 040

'o^ft

860

860

860

860

860

860

860 Ofte

1,090

1,470

1,530

1,710

1,710

1 900

2' 310

2,240

1,970

1,840

1 710

1,710

1,710

1,840

Dec.

2 17ft

2.380

2,380

2

oift

2 inn

1,970

1 840

1,710

1,710

1,710

1 840 2' loo

2,310

2,680

2 840

2^840

3,000

3,170

3,340

3,340

3,620

3 onn

4,090

4,480

4 980

5*280

5,600 

5,920

Jan.

6 iin

6,140

6,140

6,360

6,360

6

TOA

T oon

7,730

7 inn

6,480

5,810

5,280

4,090 i ftftn

2

1AA

1 QAA

1 840

1>80

1 650

1

EAA

1,530

1,410

1,350

1,350

1 300

1,300

1 240

1? 240

l'l90

l'l40 

1,090

Feb.

QQ1

950

860

860

780

7QA

740

740

740

740

740

700

700

700

665

665

665

630

630

KQQ

598

665

740

820

905

OQi;

1,140

Mar.

1 240

l',300

1,350

1,300

1 240

I

OAA

1,300

1,350

1,350

1,350

1 ^t^n

1,350

1,350

1 QAA

1 240

1,240

1 190

I'loft.

1,140

1,090

1,090

I ndA

950

one

860

780

780

780

780

1,240 

1 900

Apr.

2 Ron

3,620

4 680

7' 480

Q 9Qft

10,100

9 OQft

7 oon

6

QQA

6,480

6,360

6,360

6,360

6 Ann

6

Qejl

7,100

7,100

7,730

8,380

8,640

O QAA

9 ifin

8,900

8 OCA

7 SB",

7 350

6,' 720

6,030

5,380

5,080

May.

5,080

5,080

5,080

5,080

5 nan

5,080

5,810

4 980

4^380

4,090

3,800

3,260

2 7fift

2 240

1,970

1,970

2 040

2' 530

2,840

2,680

2

Afif\

2,460

9 Q9fl

3,000

2,760

3,170

2,760

2,310

2,170 

2,530

June.

2,240

2,530

2,240

2,100

1,970

1 840

l'840

1,840

1 R4A

1,900

2 inn

2,380

3,340

3,170

o nan

2,680

2,530

2,380

2,530

2,840

2,760

2,460

2,040

1,780

1,530

1,410

1,780

2,040

2,170

2,100

July.

1 840

1,840

1,900

2,310

6 OCA

5,490

6 /ion

5,280

4,700

3,800

2,920

2 460

2^170

1,900

1,710

1,470

1 190

l" HQft

1,590

1 TOO

1,350

1,240

1,140

1.240

1,240

1,350

1,900

2,240

2,240

2,040 

1,650

Aug.

1,410

1,240

1,140

1,040

QW

950

860

995

1 240

l',240

1 240

1*940

1,140

1,040

860

860

780

700

700

630

630

630

565

630

700

630

565

565

565

505 

505

Sept.

505

505

505

505

jfifl

450

505

505

565

565

565

505

505

505

450

535

700

780

780

860

780

700

700

630

630

630

565

565

505

505

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation afEected by ice from about Jan. 6 to Apr. 5; discharge ascertained by 

means of gage heights, 3 discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.
PESTOBSCOT RIVEE BASIN". 29

Monthly discharge of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,500 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...... .....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,470 

2,310 

5,920 

7,730 

1,140 

1,900 

10,100 

5,810 

3,340 

5,490 

1,410 

860

10,100

Minimum.

630 

860 

1,710 

1,090 

598 

780 

2.680 

1,970 

1,410 

1,140 

505 

450

450

Mean.

912 

1,390 

2,960 

3,530 

766 

1,180 

7,130 

3,470 

2,250 

2,390 

863 

582

2,290

Per 

square 

mile.

0.608 

.927 

1.97 

2.35 

.511 

.787 

4.75 

2.31 

1.50 

1.59 

.575 

.388

1.53

Run-off 

(depth In 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.70 

1.03 

2.27 

2.71 

.55 

.91 

5.30 

2.66 

1.67 

1.83 

.66 

.43

20.72

PISCATAQUIS RIVER NEAR FOXCROFT, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Low's highway bridge, about halfway between Guilford and Foxcroft, 

Piscataquis County, three-fourths mile above the mouth of Black Stream and 

3 miles below Mill Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 286 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 17, 1902, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Staff attached to left abutment of bridge; read by A. F. D. Harlow.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At medium and high stages made from bridge; at low 

stages made by wading either above or below the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; banks are high and are overflowed 

only during extreme floods.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.0 feet at 7 p. m. 

May 18 (discharge from extension of rating curve, 7,810 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 2.0 feet on August 6-7 and September 15,19, 20, 22, and 23 (discharge, 64 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during some winters.

REGULATION. The stream is used to develop power at several manufacturing plants 

above the station; distribution of flow somewhat^affected by operation of wheels.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from log 

jams and by ice during winter. Rating curve well denned between 20 and 4,000 

second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying rating table to mean daily gage heights. Some uncertainty exists in 

regard to accuracy of gage heights and the effect of diurnal fluctuation. Results 

considered fair.

COOPERATION. Several discharge measurements made by students of the University 

of Maine under the direction of Prof. H. S. Boardman.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 2

2

2

8

9

Made byUniversity of Maine

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet, 

2.78

9 Ol

2.91

3.10

2

QA

2.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

345

OfM

382

524

379

309

Date.

Oct. 9

Mar. 5

8

May 17

20

Made byUniversity of Maine

W. G. Hill.. ...........

.....do.................

E. W. Connors.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.95

04.15

04.02

2.99

4.99

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

453

363

328

. 362

2,100

» Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, for (he year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

180

148

180

220

220

200

244

374

220

318

318

292

200

148

148

m

123

148

148

148

244

244

148

180

180

136

136

148

164

346

437

Nov.

437

502

406

267

220

220

267

346

318

244

200

148

123

123

136

164

220

374

244

1,020

1,780

1,560

980

782

437

437

437

437

437

7flQ

Dec.

502

437

437

406

406

406

406

406

470

569

709

1,020

638

180

318

267

220

292

374

374

437

437

374

OQO

292

1,620

3,100

2,940

1,840

1,560

980

Mar.

1,450

1.210

980

600

405

345

320

345

290

265

245

200

200

180

180

220

180

220

245

245

245

265

265

265

320

570

820

1,110

2,020

3,970

Apr.

5,180

6,040

5.650

3,970

1,960

2,020

1,840

1,840

782

782

938

1,300

1.460

1,720

1,720

1,900

3,020

4,890

5,270

3,790

3,520

3,020

3,610

4,060

3,260

2,560

2,280

2,420

2,220

1,900

May.

1,720

1,720

1,070

1,070

1,160

1,110

858

938

938

709

536

437

406

318

318

318

2,080

7,610

4,700

2,420

1,460

1,070

820

1,110

1,210

820

746

502

709

938

1,460

June.

1,620

1,020

674

638

709

980

1,020

782

674

1,070

1,400

1,900

1,960

1,400

1,070

782

980

1,620

1,620

1,510

1,210

980

782

782

638

638

709

674

709

674

July.

569

569

569

938

782

709

709

1,020

374

437

502

638

782

374

180

180

437

437

406

318

318

406

437

604

470

569

782

638

470

374

346

Aug.

318

318

244

220

148

81

81

136

200

502

374

318

318

292

267

148

148

148

123

81

244

244

244

180

148

90

81

148

148

148

164

Sept.

148

148

123

148

148

200

267

267

220

180

180

123

112

112

100

180

220

136

81

81

81

81

72

81

100

112

136

123

123

180

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from about Jan. 1 to Mar. 27; discharge Mar. 1-27 ascertained by means of 2 discharge measurements, gage heights, and weather records.
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 31

Monthly discharge of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, for thr year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 286 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

437 

 1,780 

3,100

3,970 

6,040 

7,610 

1,960 

1,020 

502 

267

7,610

Minimum.

123 

123 

180

180

782 

318 

638 

180 

81 

72

72

Mean.

208 

466 

733 

569 

292 

667 

2,830 

1,330 

1,040 

527 

203 

142

750

Per 

square 

mile.

0.727 

1.63 

2.56 

1.99 

1.02 

2.33 

9.90 

4.65 

3.64 

1.84 

.710 

.496

2.62

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.84 

1 82 

2.95 

2.29 

1.10 

2.69 

11.04 

5.36 

4.06 

2.12 

.82 

.55

35.64

NOTE. Monthly discharges for January and February determined from gage heights, weather records, 

and comparison with records of flow of other streams.

PASSADUMKEAG RIVER AT LOWELL, MAINE.

LOCATION. About half a mile below the dam and highway bridge at Lowell, Penobscot County, and 10 miles above mouth of riyer.

DRAINAGE AREA. 301 square miles (authority, Public Utilities Commission of 

Maine).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1915, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Chain and staff gages on right bank; read by F. A. Lord. Staff above dam, 

half a mile upstream, for supplementary use during winter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 20 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and somewhat irregular; control about 500 

feet below gage; practically permanent. Left bank subject to overflow at gage 

height 5.5 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.0 feet at 4 p. m. 

April 25 (stage-discharge relation affected by logs on control); maximum discharge was probably 1,030 second-feet April 19, 20, 21, and 22; minimum stage 

recorded during year, 1.4 feet October 24, 25, 26, and Aug. 20 (discharge, 146 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice from December to April.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow somewhat affected by use of storage reservoirs 

above station. A small dam one-half mile above gage does not materially affect 

the flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected by 

backwater due to logs on control or to ice. Gage read to tenths once daily. 

Rating curve well defined between 84 and 2,560 second-feet. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying rating table to gage heights. Results good.

COOPERATION. Discharge measurements made by engineers employed by T. W. 

Clark, hydraulic engineer, Oldtown, Maine.
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, during 1915-16. 

[Made by H. A.-Lancaster.]

Date.

1915.

Oct.l.. .........

16...........

16...........

Nov.6...........

7...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.95

2.88

1.85

1.00

1.30

2.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

278

617

263

82

122

422

Date.

1915.

1916.

Jan. 12..........

26..........

27..........

Feb. 11..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.20

o2.40

o2.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

- 93

196

219

205

Date.

1916. 

Mar.22.. .........

22...........

23...........

Aug.l. ...........

Sept. 21..........

£&.

Feet. 

o2.32

o2.31

3.02

63.74

&3.59

2.64

1.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

167

166

693

940

887

518

230

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. & Stage-discharge relation affected by logs on control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..... .........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.. ............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

320

320

320

320

320

290

320

290

290

9Qft

290

290

OQA

261

261

261

OQJ

234

221

234

165

175

165

146

146

165

209

904

234

VU.

Nov.

234

234

234

234

234

234

234

221

209

209

186

186

186

175

175

209

9<*d

via

234

261

320

QKO

386

386

386

OKO

320

320

320

Dec.

352

QKO

352

320

290

9QD

261

261

260

260

260

260

260

261

230

230

209

234

320

320

OQA

oon

320

coo

730

632

580 eon

Jan.

586

580

eon

586

500

386

350

320

260

OQA

220

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

OAA

200

OAA

220

OOA

oon

230

200

200

Feb.

9A/1

200

200

2oo

200

200

9A/1

200

200

200

200

200

175

175

175

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

175

200

280

Mar.

250

230

220

220

210

210

210

210

200

9A/1

200

200

185

185

185

185 is*;

175

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

175

200 OOA

275

369

Apr.

460

632

780

780

730

680

680

680

632

632

586

586

730

730

780

830

830

1,030

1,030

1 030

1^030

830

920

930

QOA

930

930

880

May.

780

830

830

830

1,030

1,030

980

586

500

422

352

352

320

352

352

386

386

386

460

500

500

422

422

386

422

460

500

542

586

680

June.

730

780

830

830

780

780

680

632

730

830

730

730

632

830

830

830

780

830

730

930

980

930

880

830

930

1,030

930

880

780

680

July.

632

586

586

542

460

632

542

586

586

586

586

586

500

460

422

386

386

386

386

386

422

422

422

386

422

386

386

386

422

422

542

Aug.

542

460

352

290

261

261

234

234

261

290

290

261

261

261

261

261

234

234

352

146

165

209

209

186

234

234

290

186

234

209

234

Sept.

209

209

186

209

 209

209

186

209

186

186

186

209

209

165

165

209

186

234

234

234

234

934

234

234

234

234

234

234

209

234

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to 14,16,17,30. and 31; Jan. 2, 3, and Jan. 7 to 

Mar. 29. Results corrected for log jams and opening of log sluice Apr. 24,25, and 27. and for logs in river 

June 1 to 24. Gage read after opening log sluice gate Oct. 2. Discharge estimated June 25, July 5. Aug. 

12,19, 27. Gate at Lowell dam closed p. m. June 4; closed p. m. June 24, raised a. m. June 25; closedS 

a. m. July 5; closed 8 a. m. Aug. 12; raised a. m. Aug. 19, closed p. m. Aug. 19; raised a. m. Aug. 27, closed 

p. m. Aug. 27.
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 33

Monthly discharge of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 301 square miles.]

Month.

February ......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

320 

386 

730 

586 

280 

369 

1,030 

1,030 

1,030 

632 

542 

234

1,030

Iffnifw? .

146 

175 

209 

200 

165 

165 

460 

320 

632 

386 

146 

165

146

Mean.

248 

262 

342 

281 

188 

201 

791 

549 

810 

479 

262 

211

385

Per 

square 

mile.

0.824 

.870 

L14 

.934 

.625 

.668 

2.63 

1.82 

2.69 

1.59 

.870 

.701

1.28

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.95 

.97 

1.31 

1.08 

.67 

.77 

2.93 

2.10 

3.00 

1.83 

1.00 

.78

17.39

KENDUSKEAG STREAM NEAR BANGOR, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Sixmile Falls, about 6 miles northwest of Bangor, 

Penobscot County, and 7 miles below mouth of Black Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 191 square miles. At high stages a part of the water of Souadabscook Stream finds its way through an artificial cut into Black Stream and thus to 

the Kenduskeag.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15, 1908, to September 30, 1916. Data also in 

annual reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by Fred Cort.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; channel broken by one pier at the 

bridge.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice for several months.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.9 feet at 4.30 

p. m. April 2 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, 3,410 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 1,9 feet October 24 and 25 (discharge, 57 second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. An artificial cut was made for log driving through a low divide between 

Souadabscook Stream and Black Stream, which enters the Kenduskeag about 7 

miles above the gaging station. During high stages of the Souadabscook part of 

its waters finds its way through the artificial cut into the Kenduskeag; at low 

stages of the Souadabscook all the flow continues down its own channel; Black 

Stream probably sends its waters only to the Kenduskeag.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent, except during ice periods. 

Bating curve well defined below 2,600 second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice 

daily during open water period; read twice a week during the winter. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating curve to mean daily gage heights, Results 

good, for ordinary stages. 

99282° 18 WSP 431 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 25

Feb. 11

Mar. 22

Apr. 19

20

Made by 

W. G. Hill. ............

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.01

02.70

03.10

6.30

t on

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

52

101

CQ

1,940

1,730

Date.

May 3

22

99

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.12

3.33

3.75

3.81

3.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

326

356

599

553

459

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9. ............. 10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.............. 22....:.........

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

188

188

146

no

94

137

166

199

199

236

188

156

166

146

102

102

86

94

110

119

102

86

Qfi

64

57

71

166

382

335

OQQ

431

Nov.

366

276

236

211

211

211

223

211

188

156

156

14fi

1QQ

1QO

090

EfYI

501

655

722

770

1,060

S7fl

655

501

448

382

320 9ofi

305

431

Dec.

520

483

JQQ

398

350

290

290

335

262

OQfi

335

335

276

1QO

166

199

1QO

009

483

465

483

AAQ

DfiA

520

655

1,090

2,020

2,390

i R4n

1,270

1,240

Jan.

1,210

1,030

845

722

655

795

820

QQK

770

700

615 <wfi

557

90 K

320 inn

9on

276

276

276

276

262

262

249

249

262

97fi

O7A

Feb.

9QO

305

290

97fi

262

9.4Q

236

911

146

102

102

1(V>

102

102

102

102

1O9

102

102

110

110

no

119

188

320

465

465

448

Mar.

431

350

276

236

156

156

146

137

137

119

no

110

94

Of70

71

71

64

64

64

64

7170

94

102

276

Wl

845

1 300

I

fiAft

Apr.

2.430

3,180

3 inn

1,940

1,340

1,210

1,030

820

820

655

870

1,150

1,610

1,370

1,370

1,120

1,240

1,470

2,060

1,680

1,300

1,060

QKA

870

Q99

820

722

615

tt7

483

May.

398

366

9QO

262

366

414

398

335

276

223

211

211

223

177

156

156

QOO

1,720

1,440

950

538

414

382

382

576

700

615

557

483

415

June.

382

350

335

366

398

398

366

320

305

382

596

576

448

366

320

ortc

465

678

978

870

655

AQV

OQQ

305

335

398

538

722 7o>;

576

July.

431

335

483

978

978

678

576

655

655

538

414

448

 >en

290

262

2^9 "Wfi

91 1

211

1OQ

oofi

oqa

1QQ

305

QQC

<>an

320

090

1QQ

166

Aug.

128

128

137

128

119

102

110

188

249

350

276

249

211

166

1OO

110

94

102

128

102

86

119

128

110

86

119

137

137

94

Sept.

102

78

71

78

110

137

110

86

119

119

86

119

102

94

19S

137

156

1>!A

146

156

137

146

119

102

78

94

102

86

86

119

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Jan. 16 to Apr. 1; discharge ascertained by means 

of gage heights, 2 discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.
KENNEBEC EIVEE BASIN. 35

Monthly discharge of Kmduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 191 square miles.]

Month.

February. ....................................

May....... ....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

431 

1,060 

2,390 

1,210 

448 

1,860 

3,180 

1.720 

978 

978 

350 

156

3,180

Minimum.

57 

146 

166 

249 

102 

64 

483 

156 

305 

166 

86 

71

57

Mean.

165 

387 

607 

539 

201 

267 

1,290 

477 

480 

387 

144 

112

421

Per 

square 

mile.

0.864 

2.05 

3.18 

2.82 

1.05 

1.40 

6.75 

2.50 

2.51 

2.05 

.754 

.586

2.20

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

, drainage 

area).

1.00 

2.29 

3.67 

3.25 

1.13 

1.61 

7.53 

2.88 

2.80 

2.36 

.87 

.65

30.04

KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN. 

MOOSEHEAJD LAKE AT EAST OUTLET, MAINE.

LOCATION. At wharf at east outlet of lake, about 8 miles from Kineo, Piscataquia 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,240 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1,1895, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Staff at end of boat landing; two datums have been used at east outlet; the 

first (or original datum) is 1,011.30 feet above mean sea level and approximately 

10 feet below sills of outlet gates; gage is read to this datum; the second, to which 

all gage readings published to and including 1911 have been referred, is 10 feet 

higher; that is, the zero is at the sill of the gates; as it is believed that low water 

may go below the sill of the gates (zero of second datum), gage heights since 1912 

are published as read that is, to original datum.

REGULATION. The lake is regulated to a capacity of 23,735,000,000 cubic feet. The 

dam at the east outlet is controlled by 35 gates; the sills of 15 old gates are at gage 

height 10 feet (original datum) and the sills of 20 gates at gage height 8 feet 

(original datum). At extreme low stages the flow from the lake is controlled not 

by the gates but by a bar above the dam at an approximate gage height of 9 feet 

(original datum). The records show only fluctuations in the level of the lake 

and are used in the studies of regulation of the lake and in computing the natural 

flow of the Kennebec at The Forks station.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by Hollingsworth & Whitney Co.
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moosehead Lake, east outlet, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day. /

1..............

2.............. 

3..............

4..............

5.............. 

6..............

7..............

8. ............. 

9..............

10.............. 

11..............

12.............. 

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 

20..............

21.............. 

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.............. 

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

.......

14.0

13.95

13.9

.......

13.85 

13.8

13.75

13.7

13 7

"i3." 65"

13.5

13.45 "is.'i"

.......

Nov.

13.3 "is." 2"

13.2

13.2

13.2

13.0

12.95

i2.9

12.9

12 9

12.95

13.0

"ii'i"

.......

Dec.

13.1 

13.1

13 i

13.1

13.05

13.0

12.9

12.9

19 Q

"ii'ss"

12.85

"is.'i"

13.15

13.2

Jan.

'is.'i"

13.45

13.45

13.5

13.6

13.55

13.5

13.6

13.55

13.5

13.5 

13.5

13.55

Feb.

13.5

13.55

13.5 "is." 5"

13.5

13.5

13.45

13.55 

"iiJ.T"

13.3

"is.'s"

.......

Mar.

13.25

13.2

13.2

"is." 3"

13.3

"is." 3"

13.3

13.3

"is." 2"

"is.'i"

13.05

12.9 "ii'ss"

13.00

Apr.

"is.'i"

13.3

is. 4

13.9

13.95

14.2

14.4

14.8

15.1

15.65

16.1 

16.2

.......

May.

16.6

"i6."65"

16.9

J7.i

17.2

17.45.

17.45

17.55

17.55

"i7."5"

17.5

17.5

"i7.T"

17.5

June.

17.5

17.5

17.45

17.4

17.4

17.3

17.25

17.3

17.4 "i7.T"

17.4

"i7."45" 

"i7."5"

July.

~i7."5"

17.45

i7.4

17.3

17.3

17.25

17.25

17.2

17.2

IV. 1

17.1 "i7."i"

17.0

Aug.

16.9

16.8

16.8 "ie.'ji"

17.05

16.9

16.8

16.7

16.6 

"i6."55"

16.4

"ie.T"

16.4

Sept.

16.35

16.1

16.0

"ie'o"

15.85

"15." 75

15.6

15.65

"15." 5~

"is.T

15.4

15.4

"is.T

.......

KENNEBEC RIVER AT THE FORKS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At wooden highway bridge about 2,000 feet above the mouth of Dead 

River at The Forks, Somerset County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,570 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 28, 1901, to September 30, 1916. Data also published in annual reports of Public Utilities Commission, of Maine.

GAGES. Chain on bridge, a vertical staff on timber retaining wall on left bank 75 

feet above bridge, and a Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder on left abutment; 

recorder set to read the same as chain gage at low water, but gives lower readings 

than chain gage at high water; used during summer months only. Chain gage 

read by S. C. Durgin.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.2 feet, May 20 

(discharge, 10,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 0.7 foot 

on November 26 and 27 (discharge, 395 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice for several months.

REGULATION. Plow regulated by storage in Moosehead Lake. During May, June, 

July, and August the operation of Indian Pond for log driving causes a large 

diurnal fluctuation. Records of monthly discharge have been reduced to natural 

flow by adding or subtracting the amount of water stored in or released from 

Moosehead Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is 

present. Rating curve well denned, a table of relation being used to convert 

discharge rating for chain gage to a corresponding rating for water-stage recorder.
KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN. 37

Water-stage recorder in operation October 1 to November 26 and May 1 to September 30; chain gage read to half-tenths twice daily November 27 to February 

14 and once daily from February 15 to April 30. Daily discharge when waterstage recorder was in operation computed as average of discharge for 12 two-hour 

periods; when water-stage recorder not in operation, discharge ascertained by 

applying rating table to mean daily gage heights. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Kennebee River at The Forks, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Teb. 1

23

Made by 

w.G.HUi.. ...........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet, a 

62.90

63.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,450

2,100

Date.

Mar. 10

July 18

Made by 

W.G.Hffl.. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet, a, 

63.45

1.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,450

1,110

a. From chain gage.

6 Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebee River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. .............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.. ...........

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

S»... ........... 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,110

2,080

1,820

1,720

1,640

1,620

1,600

1,620

1,650

1,640

1,620

1,580

1,550

1,540

1,840

1,610

1 540

1,540

1,560

1,590

1,580

1,760

1,540

1 450

1^400

1,400

1,420

1,410

1,440 

1,660 

1,660

Nov.

1,700

1,690

1,650

1,590

1,640

1,620

1,590

1,540

1,000

1,460

1,440

1,460

1,440

1,390

1,390

1,380

1,360

1,360

1,340

1,500

1,340

763

535

472

805

1,530

1,630 

1,530

Dec.

1,280

1,160

1,160

952

990

1,030

1,160

1,160

1,330

1,430

1,530

1,800

2,200

2,200

2,460

2,800

2,880

2,660

2,460

2,460

2,460

1,850

i fif^rt

1 960

1,680

1,200

1,160

1,160 

1,160 

1,160

Jan.

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,240

1,280

1,200

1,380

1,630

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,330

2,400

2,600

2,460

2,530

2,800

2,740

2,800

2,460

2,080

2,020

1,910

1,630

1,630

1 Iftft

1,430 

1,480 

1,430

Feb.

1,480

1,330

1,240

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,110

1,070

1,070

1,030

990

1,110

1,330

1,330

1,430

1,430

1 430

1^530

1,680

1,740

1,740

2,020

2,080

2,200

2,200

2,600

3,560

3 4.RO

3,480

Mar.

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

1,580

1,430

1,380

1,330

1,330

1 480

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,740

1,850

1,850

1,800

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,740

2,740

3,020

3,320

3,170

3,020

2,740 

2,880

Apr.

1,630

1,530

2,330

1,850

1,740

1,530

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,240

1,330

1,530

1,960

2,880

4,500

4,150

2,600

3,170

3,170

3,480

2,600

2,330

2,330

2,600

4,150 

3,170

May.

3,690

4,960

4,820

2,690

2,140

2,340

2,790

2,780

3,130

2,230

2,670

1,930

2,230

2,230

3,470

3,640

3,290

6,000

7,740

8,080

7,340

6,790

6,560

6,310

6,060

5,440

5,230

4,190

3,970 

4,240 

4,490

June.

6,850

4,720

4,260

3,890

3,970

4,900

4,000

3,640

3 980

4 440

4,620

3,690

3,130

3,550

3,110

3,960

3,020

3,810

4,130

2,870

2,770

2,780

3,470

3,660

3,110

3,670

3,200

3,010

3,250 

2,960

July.

3,300

2,890

4,610

6,710

4,660

3,340

3,310

3,310

3,390

3,110

2,990

3,150

3,400

3,430

3,080

3,650

3,840

3,740

3,290

3,270

3,270

3,420

3,310

3,400

3,430

3,460

3,240

3,260 

3,980 

3,200

Aug.

3,100

2,920

3,100

2,820

3,680

3,190

3,270

3,530

3,670

1,160

1,480

2,160

3,510

3,530

4,020

3,620

3,900

3,610

3,160

2,850

2,650

4,220

3,060

2,760

2,690

2,790

2,640

2,590

2,540 

2,510 

2,490

Sept.

2,480

2,570

2,540

2,540

2,540

2,540

2,540

2,540

2, .540

2,540

2,460

2,240

2,200

2,180

2,210

2,480

2,270

1,940

2,090

2,060

1,830

1,970

2,030

2,500

1,830

1,500

1,360

1,370

1,370 

1,600

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from about Jan. 1 to Mar. 29; discharge ascertained by 

means of gage heights, 3 discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 1,570 square miles.]

Month.

April........................\............................

May.......................................................

July.......................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Observed 

mean.

1,620 

1,320 

1,700 

1,900 

1,700 

2,240 

2,210 

4,310 

3,710 

3,540 

3,010 

2,160

2,460

Corrected for 

storage.

Mean.

675 

1,020 

1,820 

2,320 

1,380 

1,890 

6,440 

5,580 

3,710 

2,930 

2,290 

930

2,590

Per 

square 

mile.

0.430 

.660 

1.16 

1.48 

.879 

1.20 

4.10 

3.55 

2.36 

1.87 

1.46 

.592

1.65

Corrected 

run-off 

(depth In 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.50 

.72 

1.34 

1.71 

.95 

1.38 

4.57 

4.t>9 

2.63 

2.16 

1.68 

.66

22.39

KENNEBEC RIVER AT WATERVILLE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At dam and mill of Hollingsworth & Whitney Co. at Waterville, in

Kennebec County, 2 miles above Sebasticook River, and about 3^ miles above

Messalonskee Stream. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,270 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 22, 1892, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

GAGES. Rod gages in pond above dam and in tailrace of mill. 

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Discharge computed from flow over dam, through

the logway, and through the wheels of the mill. When flow is less than &bout

3,500 second-feet all the water is used through the wheels. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not as a rule affected by ice; in most years winter flow

passes through wheels of mill. 

REGULATION. Numerous power plants and much storage above station; results not

corrected for storage. 

COOPERATION. Records obtained and estimates of daily discharge furnished by

Hollingsworth & Whitney Co.
KENFEBEC EIVEB BASIN. 39

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, for the year ending

Sept, 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

3,220

3,570

1,360

4,560

4,040

4,010

3,750

3,700

4,000

2,230

4,160

3,890

3,200

2,880.

3,390

2,550

1,000

3,720

3,020

2,710

3,030

2,700

2,610

768

3,070

2,490

2,700

2,760

2,740

2,690 

626

Nov.

4,380

3,760

3,780

3,760

3,340

3 7fin

635

3,980

3,640

3,450

2,850

3,120

3,030

455

3,970

3,730

3,750

2,830

3,060

3,870

7,730

7,280

<; am

5,340

2,960

4,380

3,440

1 640

4,600

4,630

Dec.

4,860

5,020

4,420

3,990

817

4,130

2,790

3 7Qft

3.760

3,450

3,490

530

3,120

3,350

2,940

3,090

2,900

3 44ft

716

5,130

4,590

4,160

3 7Oft

3,820

2,940

5,110

13,700 19 7fin

11,100

8,750 

7 ^fin

Jan.

5,450

5,410

5,520

5,190

4,010

4,210

4,120

4 Qftfi

QO1

3,750

3,510

3,780

4 OKA

3 870.

4,160

1 240

3' 810

3 440

3

AIV\

3,120

S ftfUi

3,530

1,660

4.300

4 050

4,370

4,160

4 Qflfi

3,400

3,100

4

QQA

Feb.

4,890

4,910

5

OQA

6.500

5,480

1,810

4,310

1 7Qfl

S fiftfi

3,450

3,450

3,170

1,980

5,130

3,420

3,200

3,720

3 74A

3

COA

I QSfl

3

QRf\

3,770

3,340

3,610

3

7py-i

3,740

5,660 10 O/VTI

10,000

Mar.

8,640

8,180

7 vtn

6,800

i "un

5,860

4 Q7ft

4,210

4,000

4 000

3,860

3,070

4,160

4,010

3 OCA

3,780

3,750

3,750

3

QQA

4 190

3

7QA

3,780

3

oen

3 om

3,870

2 ftlA

4

Q1A

S

QflA

7,880

12,300 10 4nn

Apr.

23,500

23,100

29,000

25,200

20,000

17,400

16,300 10 KAn

12,600

11,500

12,500

23,600

19 *uin

10 RAH

14,500

12,600

14,000

20 400

27,300

25,000

22,300

35,400

30,400

25,200

25,900

23,100

20,300

May.

20,600

17,700

19,700

20,200

17,200

15,900

13,400

13,400

9,980

12,900

8,730

11,900

12,500

9,100

9,380

8,120

7,700

38,600

44,500

30,800

24,900

21,600

18,300

15,100

15,200

16,900

14,500

13,800

13,300

10,200

18,400

June.

16,300

15,700

13,300

12,200

10,700

10,700

10,700

11,600

12,100

13,300

18,400

20,000

20.000

15) 000

13,800

12,700

10,700

U KAn

18,500

18,400

14,200

12,100

10,500

10,900

9,910

 9,900

11,300

9,600

10,700

12,200

July.

9,920

8,720

7,180

7,380

11,100

10,500

8,380

8,030

7,550

8,420

7,490

6,100

<; fiso

6,330

5,080

4,960

9,790

7,730

8,120

5,970

5,880

7,020

8,980

8,820

7,570

8,270

11,600

8,410

7,380 

6,820

Aug.

10,300

5,420

4,740

3,800

4,120

2,460

7,170

6,210

11,000

26,000

16,000

10,100

7 Olrt

7 QQfl

7,720

6,870

6,540

6,060

4,810

3,200

4,730

4,150

S oon

5,560

4,970

4,580

3,380

8,530

3,860

4,660 

4,640

Sept.

3,890

4,200

2,350

4,290

4,440

4,220

4,210

3 980

4*520

3,000

4,500

4,370

5,150

3,520

3,830

4 wn

6,270

7,760

5,970

4 QV1

4,670

4,120

S fiQfl

3,010

7,590

5.880

5,250

4,070

3,860

4,000

Monthly discharge of Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 4,270 square miles.]

Month.

March

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,560 

7,730 

13,700 

5,520 

13,800 

19,400 

35,400 

44,500 

20,000 

11,600 

26,000 

7,760

44,500

Minimum.

626 

455 

530 

921 

1,810 

2,840 

11,500 

7,700 

9,600 

4,960 

2,460 

2,350

455

Mean. 

2,940 

3,770 

4,640 

3,820 

4,530 

5,440 

20,900 

16,900 

13,300 

7,810 

6,800 

4,540

7,960

Per 

square 

mile.

0.688 

.883 

1.09 

.895 

1.06 

1.27 

4.90 

3.% 

3.12 

1.83 

1/59 

1.06

1.86

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.79 

.98 

1.26 

1.03 

1.14 

1.46 

5.47 

4.56 

3.48 

2.11 

1.83 

1.18

25.29

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-oft in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-oft' 

doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from year to 

year.
40 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

DEAD RIVER AT TEE FORES. MAINE.

LOCATION. One-eighth mile above farmhouse of Jeremiah Durgin, 1J miles west of

The Forks, Somerset County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 878 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 29, 1901, to August 15, 1907; March 16, 1910, to

September 30, 1916. Data also in annual reports of Public Utilities Commission

of Maine.

GAGE. Staff bolted to large boulder on left bank; read by H. J. Farley. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 700 feet above gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed rough; control practically permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.1 feet at 6.30

p. m. May 18 (discharge, 10,100 second-feet); minimum open water stage recorded

during year, 0.6 foot at 6 p. m. September 4 (discharge from extension of rating

curve, 100 second-feet); (an estimated discharge of 25 second-feet February 15,

stage-discharge relation affected by ice at the time). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

REGULATION. A number of dams on lakes above; used for log driving during May

and June. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is

present. Rating curve well defined. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily

except during the winter, when it was read twice daily on three days a week.

Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating curve to mean daily gage heights.

Results good for open-water period; estimates for winter months considered fair.

Discharge measurements of Dead River'at The Forks, Maine, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Made by W. G. Hill.)

Date.

Feb. 1. ......................

23.......................

Gage 

height.a

Feet. 3.65

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-/*. 

1.640

395

Date.

Mar. 10 _ .... _______

£B.

Feet. 

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.Jt. 

831

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
KEFNEBEC RIVER BASIN. 41

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10-...........--

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

325

415

415

462

560

610

560

415

510

510

510

510

462

415

370

370

325

370

415

415

370

325

325

240

200

160

160

160

160

240

370

Nov.

510

610

610

510

510

510

370

370

370

415

415

510

462

462

510

462

510

510

462

610

780

1,030

1,240

1,030

780

610

510

510

510

610

Dec.

610

840

1.100

840

610

610

510

462

510

610

510

510

415

415

325

240

240

1,100

1,700

1,460

1,240

1,100

902

780

610

1,540

2,840

2,200

1,620

1,240

965

Jan.

902

840

780

720

665

610

560

510

415

370

370

325

240

200

160

100

160

160

100

160

200

325

240

370

370

325

370

415

325

240

902

Feb.

1,620

200

100

60

25

42

60

100

160

240

370

510

415

415

415

370

370

325

282

370

370

370

415

415

462

510

840

965

1,170

Mar.

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,240

1,170

1,032

965

840

780

720

610

560

462

415

370

325

325

325

325

325

325

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,240

2,380

3,990

4,220

3,990

Apr.

4,220

4,710

5,240

4,840

4,340

3,550

1,700

1,460

1,170

1,170

1,320

1,540

1,940

2,030

2,290

2,290

2.560

2,660

4,460

3,240

2,940

3,140

4,460

4,340

4,580

6,790

3,880

4,580

6,460

4,340

May.

4,460

4,710

4,100

4,100

4,580

3,440

3,440

3,140

3,880

3,660

2,940

3,440

2.840

1,540

2,380

1,700

2,030

6,790

7,660

6,460

5,240

4,840

5,240

5,830

5,830

5,530

4,580

4,100

3,340

3,140

3,550

June.

2,660

2,750

3,340

2,750

2,560

2,560

2,750

2,380

2,660

3,040

3,140

3,140

2,940

2,940

2,660

2,290

2,120

2,200

2,200

2,470

2,380

2,290

1,940

1,620

1,390

1,170

965

1,390

1,390

1,390

July.

1,240

1,240

1,390

1,240

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,030

965

840

720

560

370

282

780

1,780

1,390

1,240

1,030

902

965

902

840

965

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

902

Aug.

665

510

415

415

462

720

1,240

1,700

3,240

4,970

4,220

3,040

2,200

1 620

1,390

1,170

902

665

610

610

610

510

462

510

840

840

665

665

510

665

510

Sept.

240

160

160

100

282

840

1,240

120

325

415

415

780

780

780

780

1,170

1,780

1,240

720

462

415

282

282

610

560

510

415

325

240

370

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from about Jan. 1 to Mar. 31; discharge ascertained by 

means of gage heights, '3 discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916, 

[Drainage area, 878 square miles.]

Month.

April..................:.......................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

610 

1,240

2,840 

902 

1,620 

4,220 

6,790 

7,660 

3,140 

1,780 

4,970 

1,780

7,660

Minimum.

160 

370 

240 

100 

25 

325 

1,170 

1,540 

965 

370 

415 

100

25

Mean.

376 

577 

922 

401 

413 

1,210 

3,410 

4,150 

2,320 

1,010 

1,210 

560

1,380

Per

square 

mile.

0.428 

.657 

1.05 

.457 

.470 

1.38 

3.87 

4.73 

2.64 

1.15 

1.38 

.638

1.57

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.49 

.73 

1.21 

.53 

.51 

1.59 

432 

5.45 

2.94 

1.33 

1.59 

.71

21.40
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

SEBASTICOOK RIVER AT PITTSFIELD, MAINE.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge, just above the Maine Central Railroad bridge, 

in Pittefield, Somerset County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 320 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 27, 1908, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain attached to highway bridge; read by C. D. Morrill.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; banks high and rocky and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.8 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 4.15 p. m. April 6 (discharge, 2,860 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 

during year, 2.4 feet at 9 a. m. and 4 p. m. October 10 (discharge from extension pf rating curve, 50 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice, as the rapid fall and the 

proximity of the power plant immediately above station tend to keep river open.

REGULATION. About 800 feet upstream from the station is the dam of the Pvobert 

Dobson Co. and the Smith Woolen Co.; and about half a mile farther upstream 

is the dam of the Waverly Woolen Mill; the storage of water at these dams causes 

diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well defined between 70 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice daily. A 

correction has been applied to the observed gage heights for days when mills 

shut down at night, on account of the lower stage at night. Discharge ascertained by applying rating table to the corrected mean daily gage heights. Owing 

to lack of exact information in regard to the stage at night when the mills are 

shut down, figures for daily discharge are not published; but as the errors in 

values for individual days may be largely compensating, it is .thought that the 

monthly record is fairly good.

The following discharge measurement was made by G. C. Danforth: 

May 2, 1916: Gage height, 4.15 feet; discharge, 949 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine, far the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 320 square miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

March .........................................

June..... . ....

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

352 

668 

1,470 

1,250 

395 

838 

2,860 

2,080 

938 

1,040 

438 

352

2,860

Minimum.

50 

193 

230 

193 

193 

158 

1,200 

97 

438 

270 

193 

158

50

Mean.

235 

379-1 

492 

526 

322 

337 

2,070 

656 

677 

513 

312 

268

564

Per 

square 

mile.

0.734 

1.18 

1.54 

1.64 

1.01 

1.05 

6.47 

2.05 

2.12 

1.60 

.975 

.838

1.76

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.85 

1.32 

1.78 

1.89 

1.09 

1.21 

7.22 

2.36 

2.36 

1.84 

1.12 

.94

23.97
43

ANDROSCOGGIN BIVEB BAS^N. 

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT ERROL DAM, N. H.

LOCATION. At Errol dam, 1 mile above Errol, Coos County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,095 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1905, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Movable rod gage; readings taken daily from sill of deep gate No. 6; elevation of zero of gage or sill of gate, 1,231.3 feet above mean sea level.

DISCHARGE. Computed from discharge through 14 gates in the dam by means of 

coefficients determined from a few discharge measurements.1

ICE. Stage-discharge relation little affected by ice.

REGULATION. Errol dam regulates the storage of Umbagog Lake, the lower of the 

Rangeley series of lakes, comprising the principal storage of Androscoggin River 

and amounting to nearly 20 billion cubic feet, and also a recently developed 

storage site on Magalloway River created by the Aziscohos Dam, which amounts 

to about 9.6 billion cubic feet, thus making the total storage about 29.6 billion 

cubic feet. Errol dam is about 5 miles below outlet of Umbagog Lake and 

about 3.5 miles below mouth of Magalloway River, thus making this stream one 

of the feeders of Umbagog Lake. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Records obtained and computations of daily discharge made under 

direction of Walter H. Sawyer, agent for Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Me.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1. .............

2...... ........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9

-

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,510

1,480

1,450

1,470

1,480

1,440

1,420

1,400

1.380

1,410

1,790

1,600

1,550

1,570

1,570

1.600

1,570

1.530

1,610

1,700

1,640

1.590

1,570

1,630

1,660

1,680

1,630

1.630

1,640

1,670

1,660

Nov.

1,610

1,580

1,520

1,470

1,480

1,620

1,680

1,670

1,640

1,600

1,560

1,620

1,620

1,640

1,600

1,570

1,490

1,530

1,610

1,650

1,650

1,660

1,680

1,660

1,590

1,650

1,680

1,690

1,690

1,620

Dec.

1,640

1,660

1,670

1,670

1,740

1,800

1,800

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,870

1,850

1,810

1,780

1*810

1,760

1,730

1,700

1,680

1,630

1,620

1,710

1,730

1,760

1,380

1,080

1,200

1,280

1,420

1,590

Jan.

1,680

1,580

1,580

1,570

1,500

1,260

1,500

1,630

1,630

1,550

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,470

1,600

1,590

1,520

1,560

1,640

1,670

1,650

1,690

1,460

1,490

1,520

1,510

1,450

1,110

1,040

1,190

1,080

Feb.

1,050

1,050

1,130

1,310

1,290

1,300

1,410

1 540

1,620

1,670

1,670

1,800

1,700

1,650

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,310

1,210

1,430

1,590

.......

Mar.

1,740

1,680

1,640

1,640

1,660

1,660

1,650

1,700

1,710

1,680

1,680

1,690

1,680

1,680

1,660

1,680

1,700

1,740

1,770

1,820

1,790

1,810

1 810

1^790

1,790

1,790

1 770

1,220

855

823

894

Apr.

956

1,020

1,080

1,100

1,140

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,260

1,280

1,280

1,170

1,290

1,530

1,410

1,320

1,370

1,420'

1,480

1,510

1,550

1,570

1,680

1,810

1,870

1,940

1,980

2,000

2,010

May.

2,030

2,060

2,080

2,090

2,110

2,110

2,110

2,050

1,730

1,590

1,580

1,580

1,610

1,580

1,570

1,560

1,540

2,470

3,130

3,170

3,130

3,110

2,820

2,150

2,050

2,040

2,070

2,090

2,130

2,420

2,600

June.

3,460

4,870

3,900

3,420

3,500

4,240

5,630

5,820

5,880

5,930

5,870

5,970

6,340

6,230

5,350

4,060

3,070

2,840

2,880

3,920

5,390

5,880

5,090

4,160

3,550

3,260

3,260

3,140

2,530

2 740

July.

2,769

2,450

2,440

2,920

3,050

3,050

2,990

2,500

1,900

1,810

1,690

1,500

1,250

1,440

1,550

1,630

1,640

1,680

1,680

1^690

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,720

1,730

1,720

1,710

1 680

1,640

1,640

Aug.

1,790

1,880

1,870

1,880

1,920

2,000

1,970

1,700

1,370

1,420

1,580

1,940

1,940

1,870

1,870

1,860

1,830

1,810

1,790

1,770

1,760

1,720

1,700

1,690

1,670

1,650

1,620

1,600

1,580

1,660

1,770

Sept.

1,740

1,710

1,670

1,820

1,860

1,830

1,760

1,670

1,530

1,590

1,780

1,880

1,900

1,940

1,660

1,020

1,170

1,610

2,020

2,100

2,060

1,970

1,930

1,900

1,900

1,880

1,930

1,960

1,960

1,660

See U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 321, p. 61.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin R&ver at Errol dam, N. H.,for the year ending Sept.

. SO, 1916.

[[Drainage area, 1,095 square miles.]

Month.

October..... ....... ...........................

Deoember . ....................................

February. .....................................

March... . . .

April..........................................

May...........................................

June.. .........................................

July...........................................

The year. . ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,790 

1,690 

1,870 

1,690 

1,800 

1,820 

2,010 

3,170 

6,340 

3,050 

2,000 

2,100

6,340

Minimum.

1,380 

1,470 

1,080 

1,040 

1,050 

823 

956 

1,540 

2,530 

1,250 

1,370 

1,020

823

Mean.

1,570 

1,610 

1,660 

1,480 

1,500 

1,620 

1,420 

2,140 

4,410 

1,940 

1,760 

1,780

1,910

Per 

square 

mile.

1.43 

1.47 

1.52 

1.35 

1.37 

1.48 

1.30 

1.95 

4.03 

1.77 

1.61 

1.63

1.74

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.65 

1.64 

1.75 

1.56 

1.48 

1.71 

1.45 

2.25 

4.50 

2.04 

1.86 

1.82

23.71

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in niches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT BERLIN, N. H.

LOCATION. At the upj>er or sawmill dam of the Berlin Mills Co., at Berlin, Coos 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1913, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGES. Fixed gages are maintained in the river above the forebay racks and in the 

tailrace immediately below the outlet of the wheels; these gages are referred to 

the same datum, and the differences in the readings give the head acting on the 

wheels; a gage is also attached to each wheel gate, from which the wheel-gate 

opening can be ascertained.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Discharge computed from curves prepared from 

Holyoke tests of the wheel runners, using the head and gate openings as ascertained 

from the gages. Quantity of water wasted over the dam is computed by the 

Francis formula for discharge over weirs.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Under an agreement between the power users on Androscoggin River, 

the flow at Berlin, N. H., is maintained at a minimum of 1,550 second-feet and 

at such a point above 1,550 second-feet as is consistent with the constant maintenance of that quantity. . Final regulation of the river is made at Pontocook 

dam, N. H., above which is a pond containing about a day's supply; the primary 

regulation is made at Errol, N. H., about 30 miles above Berlin.

COOPERATION. Gages are under the direction of John H. Wilson, of the Berlin Mills 

Co., and discharge record is furnished for publication by Walter H. Sawyer, 

agent for Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Maine.
ANDBOSCOGGIR BIVEB BASIN. 45

i, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., for the year ending 

Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,750

1,750

1,740

1,750

1,750

1,760

1,740

1,780

1,760

1 74(1

1,740

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,740

1,740

1,740

1,680

1,700

1,740

.1,750

1,740

1,750

1,740

1,750

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,770

1,760

Nov.

1,760

1,760

1,780

1,760

1 74(1

1,730

1,740

1,750

1,750

1 74(1

1,710

1,710

1,720

1,730

1,750

1,750

1,720

1,730

1,720

1,880

1,890

1,770

1,810

1,800

1,810

1,780

1,760

1,750

1,760

1,900

Dec.

1,780

1,750

1,780

1,780

1,780

1,780

1 78(1

1,780

1,780

1,770

1,740

1,780

1,850

1,910

1 <MO

1,930

1,910

1,960

1,940

1,890

1,790

1,760

1,780

1,780

1,800

1,980

2,300

2,250

-2,020

1,820

1,780

Jan.

1,870

1,910

1,920

1,890

1,920

1,900

1,780

1,850

1,850

1 930

1,930

1,840

1.790

1,780

1,750

1,760

1,760

1,770

1,760

1,770

1,780

1,780

1,780

1,770

1,770

1,780

1,780

2 000

1^880

1,950

1,960

Feb.

1,940

1,930

1,850

1,800

i snn

1,800

1,730

1,720

1,720

1,730

1,730

1,740

1,720

1,710

1,720

1,740

1,770

1,740

1,790

1,790

1,780

1,760

1,830

1,810

1,840

1,920

1,950 1 o^n

1,950

.......

Mar.

1,980

1,970

1,930

1,850

1,840

1,820

1,780

1,750

1,780

1,780

1,760

1,760

1,750

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,770

1,760

1,770

1,770

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,770

1,850

2,100

2,430

2,500

Apr.

2,600

2,750

2,900

2,750

2,450

2,200

2,050

1,950

1.850

1 7V1

1,850

1,970

2,050

2,350

2,350

2,700

3,100

3,900

4,500

3,700

3,500

4,000

4,500

6,500

5,400

5,000

4,300

3,850

3,700

May.

3,800

3,950

4,200

4,000

3,950

3,650

3,500

3,400

3,150

9 Q>ifi

2,750

2,850

2,600

2,500

2,500

2,500

3,750

7,300

7,000

6,200

4,800

4,300

4,000

3,600

3,250

3,250

3,200

3,200

3,100

3,150

3,950

June.

4,550

5,000

5,000

4,900

5,400

6,850

7,400

7,300

7,650

8,200

9,500

9,500

9,200

8,550

8,000

7,000

6,000

6,200

7,900

7,000

7,500

7,850

7,500

6,400

5,700

5,200

4,600

5,150

4,600

4,600

July.

4,400

3,800

4,400

5,500

5,500

4,700

4,100

5,200

4,900

3,300

2,650

2,450

2,250

2,000

1,940

2,000

2,150

2,160

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,300

2,400

2,400

2,330

2,300

2,250

2,130

2,050

2,020

Aug.

1,970

1,940

1,970

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,030

2,030

3,000

4,200

3,500

3,000

3,000

3,000

2,800

2,500

2,500

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,300

2,100

2,100

2,130

2,080

2,000

2,000

1,930

1,870

1,970

2,000

Sept.

2, (00

2,090

2,080

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,010

2,030

2,230

2 90O

2,100

2,040

2,030

2,000

2,130

2,400

2,000

1,870

1,900

1,930

1,880

1,970

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,920

1,890

1,870

2,080

2,650

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,350 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

April...........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,780 

1,900 

2,300 

2,000 

1,950 

2,500 

6,500 

7,300 

9,500 

5,500 

4,200 

2,650

9,500

Minimum.

1,680 

1,710 

1,740 

1,750 

1,710 

1,750 

1,750 

2,500 

4,550 

1,940 

1,870 

1,870

1,680

Mean.

1,750 

1,760 

1,860 

1,840 

1,800 

1,850 

3,210 

3,750 

6,670 

2,970 

2,360 

2,040

2,660

Per

square 

mile.

1.29 

1.30 

1.38 

1.36 

1.33 

1.37 

2.38 

2.78 

4.94 

2.20 

1.75 

1.51

1.97

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.49 

1.45 

1.59 

1.57 

1.43 

1.58 

2.66 

3.20 

5,51 

2.54 

2.02 

1.68

26.72

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-off 

doubtless represeat more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from year to 

year*
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT RUMFORD FALLS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At dam of Rumford Falls Power Co., at Rumford, Oxford County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,090 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 18, 1892, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

GAGES. One in pond above dam; another in tailrace of power house. 

DISCHARGE. Computed from discharge over the dam by use of the Francis weir

formula with modified coefficient, and the quantities passing through the various

wheels of the power house, which have been carefully rated. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation little affected by ice. 

REGULATION. Storage in Rangeley system of lakes at headwaters of Androscoggin

River aggregates about 29.6 billion cubic feet. The stored water is regulated

in the interests of the water-power users below. Results not corrected for

storage. 

COOPERATION. Records obtained and computations made by Charles A. Mixer,

engineer, Rumford Falls Power Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,000

1,970

1,520

2,010

2,100

2,270

2,280

2,270

2,390

1,570

2,030

2,130

2,060

2,010

2,040

1,630

1,900

1,960

1,870

1,880

1,960

1,910

1,310

1,880

1,930

1,930

1,980

2.000

2,060 

1,450

Nov.

2,060

2,060

2,100

2,020

2,050

2,060

1,380

1,930

2,050

2,020

1,990 i oon

2,030

1,420

2,100

2,120

2,110

1,920

3,260

2,670

2,810

2,570

2,460

O Q1A

2,190

2,140

1,730

2,410

3,050

Dec.

2,950

2,720

2,430

2,350

1,860

2,390

2,160

2,160

2,110

1,580

1,500

1,420

1 930

l',830

1,910

i am

2,050

2,330

2 ftflft

2 iun

2 d.Qft

9 9fift

2,130

2

1 en

1,500

3,650

5,670

4 440

3*550

2,790 

2,600

Jan.

2,550

2,230

2,510

2,500

2,620

2.560

2,660

2,310

2,150

2

91ft

2,490

2,410

2,410

2,210

2,100

2,100

2 ion

2,110

2,060

0 AOft

2,100

Q 9in

2,140

O K,f7(\

9 4fifl

2,430

2

fifcA

3,220

4 240

2^840 

3,030

Feb.

3,430

3,730

3,060

2,830

2,580

2, 11C

2,500

2,470

2.220

2,280

2,330

2 nftfl

2,100

2

OQfi

2 180

2

QAft

2,240

2 97ft

2,160

2,070

0 AQA

2,060

2 040

2 Ofift

4,600

7,480

4,480

3 400

Mar.

3,110

2,990

2,870

2,830

2,420

2,440

2,480

2,390

2,400

2

oon

2,380

2,280

2,310

2,350

2 9.7ft

2

9O/I

2,220

2,200

1,870

2 iRft

2

f)Af\

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

1 980

n ftfin

3 340

4^070

5,730 

7,720

Apr.

8,050

8,900

7,380

6,160

4,840

4,610

4,220

3,970

3,230

3,480

3,560

4,010

4,210

A. sno

4,210

4,200

6,000

7,910

9 1 Vt

6,980

6,630

14 onfi

10,300

9

9-1 A

8

91ft

7,210

6 Q4ft

6,410

May.

6,990

7,230

7,090

6,530

6,590

5,730

5,770

5,630

5,600

4,630

4,280

4,540

3,800

3,330

3,090

3,460

8,930

19,500

n

oftfk

C 9QO

6,470

6

AAf\

5,820

5,320

4,730

4 440

4,100

3 7Cfl

4,290 

6,230

June.

5,380

5,860

5,980

5,900

6,980

7,170

8,430

8,910

13,200

15,900

15,800

13,500

12,800

10,900

9

9.7A

8,100

7,940

10,500

12,500

9 910

S

o/vi

7 830

7*610

6,920

5,570

5 «sn

5,380

7,220

6,270

5,230

July.

4,630

3,880

5,750

6,880

7,850

6,380

5,000

5,250

5,410 i *?Qn

3,690

3,240

3,130

3,020

2

QQA

2 ft4fl

2,770

2,820

2 7Kft

2 Ton

2

QQA

2,450

3

et\t\

3

0QA

3,020

2

QOA

2 OCrt

2,680

2,090 

2,690

Aug.

2,630

2,490

2,430

2,470

2,450

2,490

2,570

2,660

6,260

8,130

5,610

3,980

2,950

3,440

3 O1 ft

2,980

2,870

2,780

2 71ft

1,970

2 t&t\

0 Kfifl

2,510

2,950

2

7en

2,570

1,710

2,550

2,620

2,420 

2,330

Sept.

2,350

2,430

1,940

1,880

2,420

2,440

2,380

2,370

2,400

1,970

2,210

2,280

2,260

2,200

2,890

6,020

3,610

2,760

2,610

2,530

a tjnn

2,450

2,520

2

01ft

2 eQn

2,430

2,380

2,400

2 Qftfl

2,970
ANDEOSCOGGIN BIVEE BASIN. 47

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 2,090 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,390 

3,260 

5,670 

4,240 

7,480 

7,720 

14,900 

19,500 

15,900 

7,850 

8,130 

6,020

19,500

Minimum.

1,310 

1,380 

1,420 

2,030 

2,000 

1,870 

3,230 

3,090 

5,230 

2,040 

1,710 

1,940

1,310

Mean.

1,950 

2,170 

2,430 

2,470 

2,750 

2,750 

6,600 

6,060 

8,710 

3,740 

3,050 

2,560

3,770

Per 

square 

mile.

0.93 

1.04 

1.16 

1.18 

1.32 

1.32 

3.16 

2.90 

4.17 

1.79 

1.46 

1.22

1.80

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.07 

1.16 

1.34 

1.36 

1.42 

1.52 

3.53 

3.34 

4.65 

2.06 

1.68 

1.36

24.49

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do 

not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage.

HAOAZXOWAY RIVER AT AZISCOHOS DAM, MAINE.

LOCATION. At the Aziscohos dam, Oxford County, about 15 miles above the mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 215 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Vertical staff in two sections, the lower attached to one of the concrete 

buttresses of the dam and the upper on the concrete gate tower.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Discharge determined from readings of gate openings. 

Gates have been rated by current-meter measurements at a station about a mile 

below the dam.

REGULATION. The storage of about 9,593,000,000 cubic feet is completely regulated, 

and the discharge corresponds to requirements of water users below. The operation of the gates is planned to maintain as nearly as possible a constant flow at 

Berlin, N. H. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Discharge computed and furnished for publication by Walter H. 

Sawyer, agent Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Maine.
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 215 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

898 

148 

88 

935 

1,480 

79 

89 

1,340 

1,960 

1,370 

1,820 

1,430

1,960

Minimum.

76 

84 

86 

88 

77 

78 

79 

89 

110 

130 

99 

98

76

Mean.

147 

97 

86 

213 

798 

79 

83 

672 

1,120 

610 

414 

248

378

Per

square 

mile.

0.684 

.452 

.400 

.991 

3.71 

.367 

.386 

3.13 

5.21 

2.84 

1.92 

1.15

1.76

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.78 

.50 

.46 

1.14 

4.00 

.42 

.44 

3.61 

5.81 

3.27 

2.21 

1.-28

23.92

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches do not 

represent the natural now from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-off 

doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from year to 

year.

LITTLE ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER NEAR SOUTH PARIS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At left end of an old dam at Bisco Falls, 200 feet below highway bridge 

and 5 miles above South Paris, Oxford County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 75 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 14, 1913, to September 30, 1916. Data also in 

annual reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain on left bank installed April 16, 1914; original gage, a vertical staff, 

was destroyed by ice March 2, 1914; from March 18 to April 9, 1914, a chain 

gage on a footbridge was used; all gages referred to same datum and at practically same place. Gage read by G. A. Jackson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At low and medium stages water flows through opening 

at left of old stone dam; opening was enlarged by high water of April 9, 1914; 

water flows over dam at gage height 5.30 feet.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.75 feet at 6 a. m. 

May 18 (discharge, 2,420 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 

1.4 feet at 7 p. m. August 20 (discharge, 16 second-feet); (a somewhat lower 

stage probably occurred on August 21-22, but no record was obtained).

ICE. Control remains open throughout the winter; stage-discharge relation not 

affected by ice.

REGULATION. Storage at Snow's Falls, 1£ miles above the station, and at West 

Paris, 4 miles above, has some effect on regimen of stream.

ACCURACY." Stage-discharge relation changed at the time of high water April 9, 1914; 

otherwise practically permanent. Rating curve well defined below 700 secondfeet and fairly well defined between 700 and 1,800 second-feet. Gage read to 

tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to 

daily gage heights. Results good except for times of sudden changes in stage, 

when the number of gage readings is insufficient to determine accurately the 

mean daily flow.
AFDROSCOGGIF RIVER BASIN.

Discharge measurements of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, during 

 the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 14

Apr. 25

27

May 1

8

18

Made by 

G. C. Danforth. ........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

E. W. Conners.. .......

 ».

Feet. 

1.84

6.58

5.78

5.36

3.12

8.03

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

37.1

586

421

365

140

1,700

Date.

May 18

20

Aug. 23

28

Made by 

G. C. Danforth. ........

.....do.................

G.C. Danforth.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

s,

Feet. 

7.65

4.28

5.48

1.50

3.18

1.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.320

270

345

23.1

147

33.9

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

40

40

68

47

54

61

54

92

84

76

68

68

47

40

47

40

29

34

40

34

29

34

29

29

24

34

68

54

61

124

108

Nov.

68

47

40

47

61

54

47

61

54

47

29

47

61

47

68

84

76

61

54

169

14(1

108

100

76

54

47

47

40

47

124

Dec.

108

100

68

54

40

54

47

47

40

47

34

47

34

34

40

29

29

40

4n

47

47

4n

47

47

40

219

493

270

199

140

132

Jan.

124

108

124

108

92

108

100

92

68

61

54

54

68

68

68

61

54

47

54

54

54

68

art

92

84

92

108

159

132

132

Feb.

159

169

132

124

116

108

108

92

92

108

108

76

.47

68

68

61

54

47

61

54

47

47

54

47

47

219

524

325

219

Mar.

189

159

140

124

108

92

108

108

100

92

100'

76

84

84

76

68

68

61

61

61

68

<%4

. 61

61

68

100

199

493

760

945

Apr.

990

990

865

615

426

442

458

458

384

360

397

458

493

458

411

512

558

990

493

458

372

632

1,320

558

458

384

360

512

512

May.

366

292

219

219

209

169

140

132

124

132

124

116

100

76

92

108

615

1,870

585

442

360

292

259

239

219

199

149

132

124

348

397

June.

219

199

159

169

199

169

149

194

475

1,040

865

558

475

397

303

244

426

675

434

348

303

239

179

140

124

124

159

209

159

159

July.

124

84

502

325

502

325

199

199

159

124

159

149

149

124

92

61

76

68

61

61

100

108

108

84

68

76

54

61

54

47

47

Aug.

40

34

29

24

20

24

24

20

239

314

124

108

84

108

76

47

47

34

24

16

360

132

108

124

132

132

108

54

Sept.

54

54

47

61

32

47

47

29

308

159

92

76

47

47

47

484

249

159

179

124

108

92

140

320

149

140

128

116

108

116

NOTE. No record for Aug. 21-23; discharge probably decreasing Aug. 21-22, and rising suddenly on 

Aug. 23, averaging about 80 second-feet for the 3-day period.

99282° 18 WSP 431 4
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 75 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

April ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

124

169 

493 

179 

524 

945 

1,320 

1,870 

1,040 

502 

360 

484

1,870

Minimum.

29 

29 

29 

47 

47 

54 

326 

76 

124 

47

29

Mean.

53 

67 

86 

89 

117 

164 

555 

285 

316 

140 

91 

126

174

Per 

square 

mile.

0.706 

.893 

1.15 

1.19 

1.56 

2.19 

7.40 

3.80 

4.21 

1.87 

1.21 

1.67

2.32

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.81 

1.00 

1.33 

1.37 

1.68 

2.52 

8.26 

4.38 

4.70 

2.16 

1.40 

1.86

31.47

PRESTJMPSCOT RIVER BASIN.

PRESTTMPSCOT RIVER AT OUTLET OF SEBAGO TT AITP., MAINE.

LOCATION. At outlet dam at Sebago Lake and the hydroelectric plant at Eel Weir 

Falls, Cumberland County, 1 mile below lake outlet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 436 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1887, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. Results of a recomputation of 

all data from 1887 to 1911 are published in the second annual report of Maine 

State Water Storage Commission.

GAGES. On bulkhead of gatehouse at outlet dam and in forebay and tailrace of 

power plant.

DISCHARGE. Prior to March, 1904, discharge was determined from records of opening of gates in dam; since March, 1904, flow from lake has been recorded by three 

Alien meters, one on each of three pairs of 30-inch Hercules wheels; wheels and 

recording meters checked by current-meter measurements, brake tests of wheels, 

and electrical readings of the generator output. Water wasted at regulating 

gates is measured from records of gate openings and coefficients determined from 

current-meter measurements.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Sebago Lake (area, 46 square miles) is under complete regulation. 

Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Entire record furnished by S. D. Warren Co.
PRESUMPSCOT RIVER BASIN. 51

Daily discharge in second-feet, of Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, for 

the year ending Sept, 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10.............

11..............

12... .......... .

13. ............ .

14..............

15..............

16....... .......

17..............

18..............

10

20..............

21. ............ .

22..............

23.. . .......... .

24..............

25.. .......... ..

26.............. sa. .............

28..............

29... ...........

30..............

31... ...........

Oct.

643

520

178

653

622

553

650

583

581

228

632

558

482

637

6%

563

232

635

625

532

637

683

513

225

680

587

670

598

645

597

162

Nov.

562

663

680

550

637

535

208

637

681

587

585

648

628

232

727

691

612

632

605

367

9tfl

662

605

607

472

711?

272

280

808

602

Dec.

687

628

648

585

222

647

, 702

fiQ7

682

627

667

218

612 OAt)

635

623

563

147

612

670

625

638

485

597

417

413

517

613

643

678

Jan.

577

178

644

660

645

670

652

filQ

210

602

622

660

658

672

657

183

660

594

664

Ron

619

610

227

637

640

587

572

577

612

213

680

Feb.

590

624

630

640

570

218

648

589

664

612

650

635

248

CQ7

637

654

fi97

635

filQ

225

640

614

692

(1(19

(Ifl9

212

118

504

580

Mar.

615

672

653

592

232

628

638

' 657

622

630

670

200

607

632

683

603

674

590

W>

610

fi91

638

630

650

578

187

544

507

447

467

368

Apr.

445

93

537

525

638

577

637

543

153

654

552

577

472

CCA

530

152

638

518

vlOO

529

577

542

18

307

453

515

529

502

439

168

May.

555

597

598

588

600

632

138

645

632

684

632

664

638

230

658

635

382

07

434

427

577

510

642

630

627

580

635

212

612

585

 W4

June.

674

795

802

827

937

925

965

1,270

1,620

1,920

1,980

2,000

2,040

2

AQft

2 fl7ft

2,110

2,180

2,200

2 9nn

2,180

2,280

2,440

2,440

9 Ifift

i Ton

1 450

l'320

1,000

828

878

July.

872

757

740

720

1,250

1,520

1,480

QjU.

914

938

952

948

950

928 oin

283

705

722

782

770

774

572

442

640

752

800

724

772

733

305

767

Aug.

798

770

783

708

695

257

802

860

876

874

882

874

252

872

872

815

867

870

867

322

835

847

840

815

847

820

260

850

840

824

825

Sept.

782

620

162

383

755

785

837

824

TOO

293

767

774

810

782

803

645

,323

876

874

764

824

son

862

275

890

888

862

892

885

892

Monthly discharge of Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 436 square miles.]

Month.

November .....................................

March. ........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

683 

727 

702 

690 

692 

683 

654 

684 

2,440 

1,520 

882 

892

2,440

Minimum.

162 

208 

147 

178 

118 

187 

18 

97 

674 

283 

252 

162

18

Mean.

540 

557 

574 

564 

550 

551 

460 

537 

1,620 

818 

758 

724

687

Per 

square 

mile.

1.24 

1.28 

1.32 

1.29 

1.26 

1.26 

1.06 

1.23 

3.72 

1.88 

1.74 

1.66

1.58

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.43 

1.43 

1.52 

1.49 

1.36 

1.45 

1.18 

1.42 

4.15 

2.17 

2.01 

1.85

21.46

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-off 

doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from year to 

year.
52 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

SACO RIVER BASIN. 

SACO RIVER AT CORNISH, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Cornish, York County, half a mile below mouth of

Ossipee River. 

DRAINAGE AHEA. 1,300 square miles (authority, Public Utilities Commission of

Maine).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 4, 1916, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by S. J. Elliott. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered \fith sand and boulders; broken by one

pier at bridge.

ICE. Ice forms to considerable thickness; stage-discharge relation probably affected. 

REGULATION. Power developments at Swan Falls and Kezar Falls probably have

little effect on the.flow. 

ACCURACY. Rating curve not well defined; determinations of discharge withheld

from publication. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily.

Discharge measurements of Saco River at Cornish, Maine, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

Jan. 25

May 1110

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.77

4 on

5.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,630

5,290

9 14ft

Date.

Jraly 15

Aug. 15

Made by 

.....do.................

&,

Feet. 

3.56

2.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,160

2,200

Daily gage height, in feet, of Saco River at Cornish, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

Day.

1................

2................

3................

4................

5................

6................

7................

8................

9................

10................

11................

12................

13................

14................

15................

June.

3.9

4.05

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.2

5.1

5.65

6.0

6.5

6.75

6.6

July.

4.0

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.65

4.4

4.2

3.95

3.9

3.75

3.6

Aug.

2.3

2.2

2.1

2 n

1.95

1 0

1.9

1.85

2.1

2.4

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

Sept.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.48

1.5

1.48

1.45

1.38

1.4

1.38

1.3

1.38

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

1Q

20.. .............

21...............

22

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

June.

6.35

6.3

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.2

5.9

5.5

5.3

5.2

4.95

4.7

4.5

4.2

July.

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

Aug.

2.35

2 25

2.15

2.02

1.92

1.85

1.85

1.62

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.65

1.65

Sept.

2.25

2.48

2.55

2.4

2.32

2.22

2.12

2.05

2.25

2.2

2 2

2.12

2 1

1.92 i a

SACO RIVER AT WEST BTCTON, MAINE.

LOCATION. At hydroelectric plant of Portland Electric Co. at West Buxton, York

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,550 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 19,1907, to September 30, 1916. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

GAGES. One in pond above dam; another in tailrace of power house. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Crest of concrete dam about 300 feet long. 

DISCHARGE. Flow over dam and through rated wheels of power plant determined

by means of hourly gage readings. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.
SACO EIVEE BASIN.

REGULATION. Dams on numerous but comparatively small lakes in basin above station; storage regulation probably affects regimen of stream but not to extent that 

obtains in other basins in Maine where natural storage facilities are better and 

more fully developed.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by Cumberland County Power & Light Co., Portland, Maine.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSaco River at West Buxton, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............ 

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

1,630 

1,600

1,210

1,670

1,760

1,610

1,660

1,620

1,620

1,420

1,960

1,800

1,750

1,690

1,690

1,590

1,210

1,580

1,660

1,720

1,450

1,270

1,460

1,110

1 <MO

i oon

1 300

1,570

1,720

1,640 

1,410

Nov.

1,690 

1,840

1,650

1,760 i sun

1,600

1,180

1,660

1,700

1,820

1,700

1,630

1,600

1,070

1,500

i 4on

1,480

1,470

1,780

2,140

1,740

2,580

2,300

2,200

I

QOfl

2 9ftft

2 94/1

1,560

2,100

2,110

Dec.

2,080 

2,060

1,920

1,800

1,440

1 QfiQ

1,900

1,840

1,800

I

AfiO

1,440

767

1,160

1,150

1,230

I

nn/l

1,230

1,440

1 WO

2,240

2,200

2,040

1 Qfift

1,980

1,670

2,160

3 1 Sift

3,150

3,200

3,000 

3,020

Jan.

2,990 

2,720

3,090

2,760

2,720

2,680

2,590

2,550

2,250

3 run

2,240

2,280

2,410

2,240

2,170

i TOO

2,390

2,180

2,000

1,920

1,770

1,800

1,610

2,200

2 14ft

2 1J/I

2,440

2,630

2,790

2,440 

3,010

Feb.

3,110 

3,190

3,180

3,200

3,170

2,830

3,040

2,820

2,820

2,800

2,770

2,730

2,350

2,460

2,060

2 140

2,020

1,980

1,780

1 4«jn

2,100

1,710

2,120

1,730

1 900

3,520

5,310

4,870

Mar.

4,430 

4,100

3,930

3,760

3,370

3,550

3,740

4,040

3,700

3,740

3,460

3,080

3,380

3,100

3,110

2,990

2,860

2,730

2,410

2,870

2,720

2,740

2,440

2,540

2,350

2,240

2,920

3,230

4,130

5,720 

7,700

Apr.

9,030 

9,940

10,300

9,960

9,820

9,930

9,670

9,250

8,640

8,600

8,440

8,310

7,880

7,410

7,470

7,450

7,680

7,840

8,440

8,330

8,140

7,760

8,840

12,300

13,900

13,500

14,100

13,600

13,100

12,100

May.

11,400 

10,100

9,450

9,120

8,730

8,420

7,830

7,610

7,390

7,000

6,610

6.15C

5,720

5,030

5,170

4,840

6,980

12,400

11,500

11,300

11,100

11,000

10,200

9,390

8,820

8,070

7,400

6,500

6,610

5,940 

5,900

June.

5,540 

5,460

5,230

5,090

5,700

£,610

5,510

5,260

5,820

7,930

9,120

10,400

11,500

12,000

11,600

10,900

10,800

It, 400

11,600

11,600

11,100

10,500

9,970

9,080

8,110

8,530

7,800

7,170

6,660

6,020

July.

5,530 

5,070

5,480

6,820

7,960

7,980

7,700

7,420

7,060

6,760

6,240

5,880

5,380

5,130

4,670

4,160

4,190

3,600

3,200

2,960

3,010

3,300

3,130

3,690

3,360

3,210

3,020

2,950

2,980

2,510 

3,010

Aug.

2,680 

2,450

2,100

2,120

1,800

1,430

2,080

1,610

1,850

1,930

2,550

2,750

2,540

2,730

2,530

2,300

2,220

2,070

1,860

1,480

1,990

1,840

1,590

1,740

1,460

1,530

1,410

1,950

1,550

1,630 

1,690

Sept.

1,640 

1,420

1,400

1,220

1,750

1,390

1,230

1,150

1,070

1,060

1,420

1,510

1,170"

1,140

1,300

1,420

2,280

2,850

2,590

2,400

2,110

2,030

2,060

1,770

2,410

2,090

2,100

1,990

1,970

1,880

Monthly discharge ofSaco River at West Buxton, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 1,550 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

November.....................................

January

March.........................................

April ... .......................................

May...........................................

July......:....................................

September. ...................................

The year...

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,960 

2,580 

3,200 

3,090 

5,590 

7,700 

14,100 

12,400. 

12,000 

7,980 

3,750 

2,850

14,100

HfhiitniiTn1,110

1,070 

767 

1,610 

1,710 

2,240 

7,410 

4,840 

5,090 

2,510 

1,410 

1,060

767

JlffiflTI,

1,550 

1,780 

1,910 

2,380 

2,780 

3,460 

9,690 

8,180 

8,440 

4,750 

1,980 

1,730

4,060

Per 

square 

mile.

1.00 

1,15 

1.23 

1.54 

1.79 

2.23 

6.25 

5.28 

5.45 

3.06 

1.28 

1.12

2.62

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.15 

1.28 

1.42 

1.78 

1.93 

2.57 

6.97 

6.09 

6.08 

3.53 

1.48 

1.25

35.53
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

OSSIPEE RIVER AT CORNISH, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in Cornish, York County, If miles above confluence

with Saco River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 448 square miles (Authority: Public Utilities Commission of

Maine).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 5, 1916, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by 0. W. Adams. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered with sand and gravel, possibly somewhat

shifting; broken by one pier at bridge.

ICE. Ice forms to considerable thickness; stage-discharge relation probably affected. 

REGULATION. Flow affected by dams at Kezar Falls and at outlet of Great Ossipee

Lake. 

ACCURACY. Rating curve not well defined; determinations of discharge withheld

from publication. 4Gage read to half-tenths once daily, occasionally twice daily.

Discharge measurements of Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Made by E. W. Conners.J

Date.

July 6........................................................... ....................

Aug. 15.............................................................................

&,

Feet. 

4.30

2.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,240

847

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1......

2......

3......

4......

5......

6...... 

7......

8......

9...... 

10......

July.

4.25

4.35 

4.0 

3.8

3.6 

3.4

Aug.

2.0

1 95

.1.85

1.8

1.72

1.65 

1.62

1.65

1.9 

2.4

Sept.

1.22

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.05

1.1 

1.15 

1.1

1.1 

1.05

Day.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16. 

17.

18.

19. 

20......

July.

3.2

2.85

2.85

3.0

2.9

2.75 

2.4 

2 25

2.05 

1.9

Aug.

2.38

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.95 

1.8

1.8

1.7 

1.68

Sept.

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.0

1.1

2.32 

2.05 

2 1

2.1

1.8

Day.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26. 

27.

28.

29. 

30. 

31.

July.

1.35

2.05

2.2

2.2

2U5

2.1 

2.05

2.3 

2.25 

2.25

Aug.

1.6

1.55

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.15 

1.3

1.3 

1.25 

1.25

Sept.

1.75

1.6

1.6

1.85

2.0

1.85 

1.85 

1.85

1.75 

1.55

MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN. 

MERRIMACK RIVER AT FRANKLIN JUNCTION, N. H.

LOCATION. At covered wooden bridge of the Boston & Maine Railroad near Franklin 

Junction, Merrimack County, about 1 mile below the confluence of Pemigewasset 

and Winnepesaukee rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,460 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 8,1903, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to floor of bridge on upstream side over the west channel; 

read by F. R. Roers. A gage painted on the downstream right-hand side of the 

center pier is used by the United States Weather Bureau for high-water readings 

but is considerably in error for low stages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Composed of coarse gravel and boulders; fairly permanent.
MEBEIMACK EIVEE BASIN. 55

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.4 feet at 7 a. m. 

May 18 (discharge, 20,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.25 feet at 6 

p. m. September 6 and 7 a. m. September 13 (discharge, 1,280 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for short periods during the winter 

months.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Winnepesaukee, Squam, and New Found 

lakes, and by the operation of mills above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is present. Rating curve fairly well denned below 10,000 second-feet. Stage-discharge 

relation affected by ice for short periods in January and February. Gage read to 

half-tenths twice daily, except Sundays and holidays, when no readings are made; 

accuracy of readings somewhat uncertain. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean of twice-a-day readings. Results fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by the Proprietors of Locks and Canals 

on Merrimack River, Lowell, Mass.

Discharge measurements of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., during the year

ending Sept. 30,1916.

Date.

Sept. 7

Nov. 23

Made by 

Pierce and Thweatt. . . .

.....do..................

£&.

Feet. 

5.72

4.44

4.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,960

1,520

2,140

Date.

Apr. 19

22

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

8.32

7.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,060

6 ' 140

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

1,440

1,440

1.440

1,440

1,500

1,440

1,790

2,050

1,920

1,800

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,550

2,180

2,180

2,180

1,920

1,790

1,670

1,550

1,550

1,500

1,440

1,440

1,550

1,920

1^790

1,920 

1,800

Nov.

1,670

1,670

l'670

1,550

1,550

1,670

1,610

1,550

1,550

1,440

1,550

1,520

1,480

1,450

1^670

1,920

1 670

1,550

1,440

2,580

3,100

2,580

2,180

1,920

1,850

1,920

1,790

1,670

1,550

2,180

Dec.

2,180

2,180

1,920

1,790

1,730

1,670

1,670

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,500

1,440

1,380

1J330

1,380

1,330

1,670

2060

2 440

2,180

2,050

1,670

1,550

1^440

1,500

10,100

6,140

4,450

3,460 

2,860

Jan.

2,600

2,300

2,050

2,050

1,920.

2,180

1,920

l'920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

2,000

2,100

2,000

1,900

1,900

1 800

1,750

1,750

1 850

1,950

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,180

3,460

4,450

3,880 

3,310

Feb.

3,460

3,460

3,460

3,160

3,160

3,080

3,010

2,580

2,440

2,180

2,050

2,050

2,120

2,180

2,180

2,180

2,050

1,920

1,790

1,800

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,920

1,920

2,720

10,000

5,740

4,280

Mar.

3,620

3,310

3,010

2,860

2,580

2,310

2,050

2,180

2,180

2,310

2,100

1,880

1,670

1,790

1,670

1,790

1,790

1,670

1,730

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,920

1,920

1,790

1,980

2,180

3,160

4,280

6 140 

9,080

Apr.

10,100

10,800

11,400

9,920

6,140

6,140

5,740

5,540

4 660

3,780

4,110

4,110

5^740

5,350

5,160

5,350

5,540

5,350

8,030

7,080

6,140

6,140

9,710

13,300

6,560

7,610

6,980

6,140

6 140

6,140

May.

6,140

6,140

6,140

5,740

5,540

4,800

4,460

4,110

3,940

3,780

3,780

3,780

3,620

3,240

2,860

2,720

4,980

20,100

9,500

7,400

6,570

5,740

5,540

4,980

4,280

4,280

3,940

3,780

3,620

3,460 

4,280

June.

4,280

4,110

3,620

4 880

6^140

6,140

5,350

4,980

4,980

8,240

8,870

9,500

9,710

9,290

8,660

6,560

7,450

8,340

9,240

10,100

8,870

8,450

8030

7,820

7,080

6,350

6,140

6,140

4800

4280

July.

3,940

4,110

4,280

7,820

6,770

6,140

5,160

4,450

4,200

3,940

3,940

3,780

3,620

3,310

2,720

2,580

2,440

2,310

2,180

2,050

2,050

1,920

2,120

2,310

2,180

2,180

2,580

2,860

2,720

2,450 

2,180

Aug.

2,050

1,920

1,790

1,730

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,550

1,550

4,450

3,310

2,860

2,320

1,790

1,550

1,670

1,670

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,800

1,670

1,550

1,440 

1,440

Sept.

1,440

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,550

1,550

1,330

1,360

1,380

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,670

2,060

2,440

2,050

1,920

1,670

1,670

1,550

2,000

2,440

2,440

2,180

2,180

1,670

1,790

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 14-23 and Feb. 20-23; discharge ascertained by comparison with records of Merrimack River at Garvins Falls. Discharge estimated for Sundays and other 

days when gage was not read.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,460 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

November. ....................................

January .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

T he year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,180 

3,100 

10,100 

4,450 

10,000 

9,080 

13,300 

20,100 

10,100 

7,820 

4,450 

2,440

20,100

Minimum.

1,440 

1,440 

1,330 

1,750 

1,750 

1,670 

3,780 

2,720 

3,620 

1.920 

1.440 

1,330

1,330

Mean.

1,710 

1,780 

2,300 

2,220 

2,830 

2,590 

6,830 

5,270 

6,950 

3,400 

1,880 

1,680

3,280

Per

square 

mile.

1.17 

1.22 

1.58 

1.52 

1.94 

1.77 

4.68 

3.61 

4.76 

2.33 

1.29 

1.15

2.25

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on. 

drainage' 

area).

1.35 

1.36 

1.82 

1.75 

2.09 

2.04 

5.22 

4.16 

5.31 

2.69 

1.49 

1.28

30.56

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-off 

doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from year to 

year.

MERRIMACK RIVER AT LOWELL, MASS.

LOCATION. At the Boott Mills in Lowell, Middlesex County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,979 square miles above Pawtucket Dam. Prior to March 7, 

1898, when the Metropolitan Water Board l of Boston diverted the flow of South 

Branch of Nashua River, the area was 4,097 2 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1,1848, to May 31,1861; March 1, 1866, to September 

30,1916.

GAGE . Vertical staff in three sections on right bank. Low-water section attached 

to rollway wall, upper section to foundation wall of Boott Mills. Gage read once 

a day at approximately 10.45 a. m.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Rating curves determined from quantity of water 

flowing through the canals and water wheels, and leaking and wasting over Pawtucket Dam at various stages. Tables show only the flow for the 10 hours during 

which mills were operating.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream smooth and regular; right bank a vertical 

mill wall over half a mile long; left bank high and rarely overflows even during 

spring floods. Control probably at Hunts Falls, a short distance below station. 

Control has been altered at various times by removal of ledge rock, boulders, and 

other material. During recent years zero flow occurred at gage height of about 

38.5 feet, referred to datum of gage owned by the Proprietors of Locks and Canals 

on Merrimack River.

DIVERSIONS. Almost the entire flow of South Branch of Nashua River is diverted for 

water supply of metropolitan district of Boston.

REGULATION. Practically the entire low-water flow is regulated by dams and mills 

above station. Tables of discharge show only the 10-hour flow during periods 

when mills are in operation. In very dry seasons entire flow is stored during 

nights, Sundays, and holidays.

COOPERATION. Entire record furnished by the Proprietors of Locks and Canals on 

Merrimack River, Lowell, Mass., through Arthur T. Safford, engineer. Record 

changed to climatic year form by engineers of the Geological Survey.

1 Metropolitan Water Board Fourth Ann. Kept., Jan. 1; 1899., p. 15.

» Examination of water supplies: Massachusetts State Board of Health Kept., 1890, pt. 1, p. 442.
MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN. 57

Ten-hour discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lowell, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3:.............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

5.493

6,156

1,268

6,300

6,372

6,492

6,612

6,588

7,140

3,466

6,924

2,414

6,924

6,660

6,612

7,020

2,185

6,324

6,324

6,444

6,588

6,612

7,140

146

6,420

5,470

5,539

5,585

5,470

6,900

2,652

Nov.

7,452

5,470

5,585

5,539

5,940

7,188

2,170

6,780

5,964

6,036

5,940

6,540

7,020

98

6,708

6,972

7,044

7,140

6,900

7,140

7,308

9,075

8,275

8,150

4,120

7,625

7,092

3,629

7,700

7,500

Dec.

7,525

8,050

7,875

7,260

3,610

7,625

6,372

6,228

6,156

6,780

6,660

165

5,964

5,940

6,108

5,844

5,940

6,708

4,200

o flflft

9,300

8,825

8,400

8,150

5,125

6,468

12,270

10 4 on

15,630

11, 430

9,775

Jan.

8,750

6,900

8 4VI

8,375

8,425

8,575

8,625

8,125

6,132

8,125

8,175

8,050

8,000

7,900

7,452

4,842

8,000

7,750

7,750

7,428

7,380

7,188

 6,420

9,325

9,125

9 0V\

9,700

11,100

11,350

11,050

12,030

Feb.

10,925

10,800

9 77";

9,450

8,375

7,260

8,675

8,000

8,050

8,050

8,125

7 700

4,540

8,250

8,075

7,775

7,825

8,125

7,750

4,863

7,950

3,304

7,380

7,875

7,875

9,825

21,880

25,100

21,950

.......

Mar.

17,330

17,645

12,120

10,550

8,950

9,575

8,875

8,700

8,500

8,625

8,050

6,180

8,175

8,175

8,125

8,075

7,700

5,355

8,000

8,050

8,000

7,925

7,825

7,500

5,424

9

ccn

12,930

17,505

24,400

Apr.

29,230

31, 430

33,950

29,630

24,575

20,830

19,150

17, 610

15,630

15,540

15,240

15,780

16,630

16,700

16,805

17,015

18,100

18,030

17,575

17, 155

15,540

14,280

14,880

23,735

27,550

<)A OOfl

21,705

18, 975

19,500

18, 555

May.

17,400

15,690

14,640

14,040

12,570

12,120

10 200

11, 175

11, 175

10,800

10,625

9,725

8,925

6,660

8,950

8,875

9,725

26,510

34, 110

25,555

18,485

15,870

13,830

13, 470

13,530

12,180

10,975

8,575

10,100

7,116

9,950

June.

10,075

9,900

8,500

7,020

11,225

12,330

11,730

11,225

10,625

12,570

19,430

23,735

21,600

19,430

16,525

14,430

13,680

18,555

22,000

25,380

23,910

20,480

16,700

14,280

11,325

12,420

13, 110

12,270

11,150

10,675

July.

9,475

6,900

6,852

10,100

13,770

12,780

11, 175

9,900

7,212

9,400

9,000

9,125

8,675

7,875

7,500

4,740

7,380

7,500

7,500

7,380

7,260

6,780

4,340

8,125

7,925

7,825

8,575

10,425

10,425

8,250

8,625

Aug.

7,926

7,500

7,500

7,260

6,900

3,250

7,260

6,780

7,188

7,020

8,125

7,380

4,300

7,308

6,972

7,020

6,996

6,900

6,660

770

6,612

6,420

6,420

5,748

7,500

7,140

3,960

7,188

7,260

7,750

7,332

Sept.

7,140

3,160

3,214

2,448

6,540

6,420

6,300

6,372

6,420

2,080

6,252

6,060

5,988

5,988

6,036

6,660

11,275

10,425

8,325

7,380

7,140

7,116

6,708

3,800

7,575

7,500

7,140

7,020

6,972

6,564

NOTE. No record June 19; discharge interpolated^ Figures represent 10-hour flow; those given for Sundays and holidays have not been used in computation of monthly discharge.

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Lowell, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,1916.

Month.

Janwy

February. ............................................................

March

April.................................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

The year............................... ........................

Maximum.

7 140

9,075 10 4 on

12,030

25,100

24,400

33,950

*M lift

25,380

13, 770

8,125

10,425

34, 110

Mfnfrnirm .

5,470

5,470

6

QAA

7,188

7,380

7,500

14,280

S S7H

o cnA

6,780

5,748

5,988

5,470

Mean.

6 404

6,911

8,432

8,631

9,737 in °,IQ

20,440

10 (MO

Id 718

8,933

7,113

fi Q18

9,742

Discharge in second-feet.

NOTE. Determinations based on records of the 10 hours daily during which the mills are operated.
58 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

MEH.B.OCACK: RIVER. AT LAWRENCE, MASS.

LOCATION. At the dam of the Essex Co. in Lawrence, Essex County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1 Total of Merrimack River basin above Lawrence, 4,663 square 

miles; net drainage area, exclusive of diverted parts of Nashua and Sudbury 

River and Lake Cochituate basins, 4,552 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1,1880, to September 30,1916.

COMPUTATIONS OP DISCHARGE. Accurate record is kept of the flow over the dam and 

through the various wheels and gates. This flow includes the water wasted into 

the Merrimack from the Nashua, Sudbury, and Cochituate drainage basins. 

Estimates of the quantity wasted from these basins is furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of Boston and subtracted from the quantity 

measured at Lawrence to obtain the net flow from the net drainage area of 

4,452 square miles.

DIVERSIONS. Practically the entire flow of the South Branch of Nashua River, Sudbury River, and Lake Cochituate is diverted for use by the Metropolitan water 

district of Boston.

REGULATION. Flow regulated to some extent by storage in Lake Winnepesaukee. 

The low water flow of the stream is affected by operation of various power plants 

above Lawrence.

STORAGE. There are several reservoirs in the basin. It is estimated that the water 

surface is about 3.5 per cent of the entire drainage area.

COOPERATION. The entire record has been furnished "by R. A. Hale, principal assistant engineer of the Essex Co. Record changed to climatic year form by engineers of the Geological Survey.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20....... .

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,573 

1,615 

774 

3,955 

3,512

3,249 

3,251 

3,460

2,848 

2,607

4,760 

2,044 

4,653 

3,557 

3,534

2,584 

1,506 

4,461 

3,462 

3,516

3,540 

3,540 

2,492 

802 

3,662

3,163 

2,579 

2,759 

2,613 

2,474 

2,182

Nov.

4,752 

2,957 

2,641 

3,129 

3,526

2,429 

1,255 

4,450 

3,413 

3,255

3,083 

3,420

2,487 

554 

4,156

3,777 

3,674 

3,955 

4,031 

3,555

6,815 

8,350 

6,811 

5,913 

3,745

5,692 

3,532 

3,203 

5,450 

4,313

Dec.

4,325

4,987 

4,961 

3,080 

3,092

5,304 

3,524 

3,648 

3,633 

3,769

2,533 

726 

3,455 

3,665 

3,395

3,367 

3,123 

2,711 

3,305

8,402

8,440 

7,806 

6,879 

6,027 

4,945

6,570 

15,074 

17,081 

15,018 

11,130 

8,976

Jan.

7,333 

6,086 

7,275 

6,762 

6,872

7,299 

7,571 

6,525 

5,951 

6,806

5,807 

5,503 

5,511 

5,938 

4,476

4,985 

6,350 

5,377 

4,672 

4,225

4,349 

3,617 

6,108

8,742 

8,386

8,598 

9,263 

10,522 

10,698 

10,960 

11,628

Feb.

10,281 

9,891 

9,069 

8,623 

7,625

6,792 

7 718 

6,517 

6,351 

6,007

6,056 

4,714 

4,264 

6,275 

5,477

4,804 

5,193 

5,261 

4,380 

4,342

5,987 

3,151 

5,791 

4,658 

4,844

10,006 

19,405 

21,609 

19,243

Mar.

15,509 

12,606 

10,346 

8,503 

7,279

7,822 

6,748 

6,372 

5,981 

6,030

5,276 

4,782 

6,075 

5,553 

5,625

5,501 

5,370 

4,513 

4,150 

5,433

5,104 

5,026 

4,959 

4,799 

3,886

3,828 

8,417 

13,012 

15,362 

18,777 

23,807

Apr.

28,273 

30,031 

32, 778 

29,016 

24,033

20,408 

18,783 

17,000 

15,369 

15,124

14,851 

15,506 

16,074 

16,438 

16,328

16,382 

17,583 

17,498 

16,945 

16,514

15,215 

13,683 

14,654 

22,284 

26,532

23,575 

20,496 

18,841 

18,666 

17,793

May.

16,815 

15,383 

14,187 

13,606 

12,159

11,140 

9,917 

10,245 

9,876 

9,634

9,221

8,277 

6,652 

6,229 

7,144

6,453 

8,616 

24,744 

32,883 

24,671

17,763 

15,388 

13,286 

12,704 

12,562

11,382 

9,570 

8,213 

8,553 

6,740 

8,503

June.

8,459 

8,395 

6,770 

6,733 

10,206

11,396 

10,761 

10,278 

9,572 

11,620

17,940 

21,969 

20,771 

18,519 

15,951

13,829 

13,238 

17,675 

23,051 

24,005

22,624 

19,721 

16,230 

13,403 

11,145

11,728 

12,218 

11,424 

10,071 

9,257

July.

7,593 

6,460 

6,804 

9,545 

13,027

11,856 

10,266 

8,352 

6,854 

7,746

7,038 

6,592 

5,763 

5,755 

4,853

4,372 

5,593 

4,791 

4,621 

3,934

4,378 

2,963 

4,050 

6,664 

6,428

6,360 

7,371 

9,185 

8,148 

7,950 

7,616

Aug.

6,395 

6,558 

6,010 

4,563 

3,162

2,643 

4,611 

3,694 

3,670 

3,888

5,384 

5,165 

3,890 

5,321 

4,335

4,035 

3,744 

3,676 

2,420 

1,032

4,265 

3,368 

3,282 

3,182 

4,038

4,388 

3,820 

5,023 

4,549 

5,131 

4,754

Sept.

4,136 

2,362 

2,971 

2,400 

4,479

3,745 

3,545 

3,402 

2,331 

1,466

4,223 

3,658 

3,147 

3,125 

2,878

3,680 

10,557 

9,776 

7,199 

5,973

5,371 

4,926 

3,391 

3,308 

5,897

5,758 

5,068 

4,458 

4,122 

2,768

NOTE. The above table shows the actual flow at Lawrence; not corrected for water wasted by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board.

* See footnote to tables of weekly discharge.
MERRIMACK RIVER BASIF. 59

Weekly discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass.,fdr the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Weeks arranged in order of dryness.]

Week ending 

SundayGet. 3, 1915...

Oct. 31, 1915...

Nov. 14, 1915..

Nov. 7, 1915... 

Sept. 10.......

Oct. 24, 1915...

Oct. 17, 1915...

Oct. 10, 1915...

Dec. 19, 1915...

Dec. 12, 1915. .

Aug. 20, ......

Aug. 27. ......

Sept. 3.. ......

Nov. 21, 1915..

Dec. 5, 1915....

Aug. 13. ......

July 23. ......

Oct. 1.. .......

Sept. 17.......

Mar.26.. ......

Jan. 23.. ......

Aug.6. .......

Feb. 20.. ......

Mar.19........

Nov. 28, 1915..

Sept. 24. ......

Feb. 13........

Measured 

at Lawrence 

(total 

drainage 

area, 

4,663 

square 

miles).

2,590

2,776

2,952

2,956 

3,053

3,116

3,234

3,269

3,289

3,305

3,509

3,763

4,132

4,280

4,315

4,329

4,333

4 431

4*467

4,719

4,957

4,992

5,105

5,255

5,321

5,575 

5,706

5 

' 947

Wasting 

into Merrimack 

from 

diverted 

drainage 

basins 

(211 

square 

miles).

09

25

28

39

8

34

32

41

117

33

1 %

11

13

72

4211

53

8

12

107

79<yi

276

310

60

12

395

From 

net 

drainage 

area of 

4,452 

square 

miles.

2,558

2,751

2,924

2,917 

3,045

3,082

3,202

3,228

3,172

3,272

3

AQA

3 759

4,119

4,208

4,273

4,316

4,280

4,455

4,612

4,878

4,969

4,829

4,945

5,261

5,694

f\ <W>

Per 

square 

mue of 

net drainage 

area.

0.575

.618

.657

.655 

.684

.692

.719

.725

.712

.735 7s t;

.843

.925

.945

.960

QfiO

.961

QQQ

1.001

1.036

1.096

1.116

1.085

1.111

1.182

1 *»8

1.279

1 247

Week ending 

SundayJuly 16.......

Mar.12. ......

Dec. 26, 1915.. 

July 30. ......

Feb. 27.......

May 14. ......

Feb.6. .......

July9. .......

July2. .......

May 28.......

May7. .......

Mar.5. .......

Apr.16.......

Apr.23. ......

May21. ......

Apr.2. .......

Measured 

at Lawrence 

(total 

drainage 

area, 

4,663 

square 

miles).

6,017

6,144

6,894

7,010

7 445

7,692

7,736

8,591

9 isn

9,529

9 KQfi

9,822

11,528

11,682

11,872

13,315

13,585

15, 815

16,013

17,422

17,468

18,597

19,668

21, 170

22,484

7,960

Wasting 

into Merrimack 

from 

diverted 

drainage 

basins 

(211 

square 

miles).

do

230

128

158

79

300

86

111

126

47

134

66

160

138

124

240

284

289

258

251

243

203

298

330

333

125

From

net

area of 

4,452 

square 

miles.

5,968

5,914

6,766

6,852 

7,366

7,392

7,650

8,480

9,004

9,482

9,462

9,756

11,368

11,544

11,748

13,075

13,301

15,526

15,755

17,171

17,225

18,394

19,370

20,840

22,151

7,835

Per 

square 

mile of 

net drainage 

area.

1.341

1.328

1.520

1.539 

1.655

1.660

1.718

1.905

2.022

2.130

2.125

2.191

2.553

2.593

2.639

2.937

2.988

3.487

3.539

3.857

3.869

4.132

4.351

4.681

4.976

1.760

NOTE. Record of discharge wasted from diverted drainage area based on data furnished by the 

Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of Boston.

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Month.

October. ................

February. ...............

April....................

May.....................

June.....................

July.....................

August................'..

Mean discharge in second-feet.

Measured 

at Lawrence 

(total 

drainage 

area, 4,663 

square 

miles).

2,959 

3,944 

5,902 

6,910 

7,736 

7,950 

19,556 

12,339 

13,965 

6,869 

4,129 

4,337

8,025

Wasting 

into Merrimack from 

diverted 

drainage 

basins (211 

square 

miles).

33 

51 

103 

113 

284 

225 

311 

172 

161 

55 

15 

11

127

From net 

drainage 

area of 

4,452 

square 

miles.

2,926 

3,893 

5,799 

6,797 

7,452 

7,725 

19,245 

12, 167 

13,804 

6,814 

4,114 

4,326

7,898

Per square 

miles of net 

drainage 

area.

0.657 

.874 

1.303 

1.527 

1.674 

1.735 

4.323 

2.733 

3.101 

1.531 

.924 

.972

1.774

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.757 

.975 

1.502 

1.760 

1.805 

2.000 

4.823 

3.151 

3.459 

1.765 

1.065 

1.084

24. 146

Per cent of 

rainfall.

27.4 

34.8 

33.5 

115.8 

36.8 

63.1 

120.9 

81.2 

54.9 

36.9 

41.0 

29.1

53.77

Rainfall 

in 

inches.

2.76 

2.80 

4.48 

1.52 

4.91 

3.17 

3.99 

3.88 

6.30 

4.78 

2.60 

3.72

44.91

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches, shown 

by. the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage.
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

SOTTHEGAN RIVER AT MERRMACK, N. H.

LOCATION. At'the head of Atherton Falls, 7 miles below the mouth of Beaver Brook, 

and about 1^ miles above confluence of the Souhegan with the Merrimack River 

at Merrimack, Hillsboro County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 168 square miles.

RECORDS AVAiLABLE.-^July 13, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Vertical staff on the left bank 40 feet above the falls, used until April 11, 

1911, when it was washed out. Beginning April 32, 1911, a chain gage, attached 

to a tree on the left bank about 350 feet above the falls, was used. October 15, 

1913, a Gurley water-stage recorder was installed near the chain gage; gage 

heights referenced to gage datum by a hook gage inside the well, the chain gage 

being used for auxiliary readings. All gages referred to same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading below the falls at low stages and from 

cable at high stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The channel opposite the gage is a pool in which velocity 

is very low. The control of this pool is a rock ledge at the head of Atherton 

Falls and is permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. 1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 9.6 feet August 5, 

1915 (discharge, 4,930 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.90 feet at 8 a. m. 

September 8, 1909 (discharge, 15 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms on control for short periods in the winter, slightly affecting stagedischarge relation.

REGULATION. Flow affected by the operation of mills at Milford, about 8 miles above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice for short 

periods. Rating curve well denned below 2,000 second-feet. July 13, 1909, 

to October 14, 1913, gage read to hundredths twice daily; October 15, 1913, to 

September 30, 1916, operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory except for 

periods noted. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean 

daily gage heights determined by averaging twice-daily readings (July 13, 1909, 

to Oct. 14, 1913) or mean hourly gage heights (Oct. 15, 1913, to Sept. 30, 1916). 

Results good. Computations have been revised, and the records given in the 

following tables supersede those previously published.

Discharge measurements of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., during 1909-1916.

Date.

1909. 

July 13

Aug. 16

Sept. 20

20 

Dec. 15o

31

1910. 

Mar. 3

29c 

Apr. llo

21c 

June 3

1912.

S

1913.

Oct. 14

Made by 

D.M. Wood.. .........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

Wood and Garratt.....

D.M. Wood...........

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

G.H.Canfleld. ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.22

2.05

1.99

1.99 

3.02

62.37

5.65

4.22 

3.06

3.64 

2.«5

2.10

2.07

2.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

37.7

27.1

20.5

20.4 

215

43.8

1.910

730 

255

518 

115

25.6

25.3

84

Date.

1914.

Feb. 21

July 27

Sept. 21 

Nov. 15

27

1915. 

Mar. 15d

May &

1916. 

Mar. 2

8

8

Apr. 25

25

May 10

10

Aug. 18

18

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

H. W. Fear............

Gage 

height.

Feet. '

2.94

2.09

2.08 

2.05

2.16

2.98

3.25

64.31

«3.60

3.56

5.38

5.33

3.48

3.49

2. IB

2 45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

202

27.7

27.5 

25.9

30.1

223

338

634

397

395

1,470

1.420

400

372

72

74

« Made at covered highway bridge 1| miles above gage.

& Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

c Made at Boston & Maine R. B. bridge near mouth of river.

d Measurement unreliable.

« Some anchor ice floating. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.
MEERIMACK RIVER BASIN. 61

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Souhegan River at Merrimack, JV. H., for the years

ending Sept. 30,^1909-1916.

Day.

1909. 

1......

2......

3......

4......

5......

6......

7......

8......

9......

10......

July.

Day.

1909-10. 

1. .............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

Aug.

30 

27 

24 

27 

30

34 

32

28 

25 

31

Oct.

105 

103 

61 

39 

37

30 

30 

30

28 

27

24

24 

22 

23 

22

22 

28 

30 

32 

33

32 

33

37 

45 

49

48 

43 

37 

39 

39 

37

Sept. Day.

1 

22 11 

22 12 

22 13 

24 14 

30 15

28 16 

21 17 

18 18 

22 19 

22 20

Nov.

37 

37 

33 

34 

37

35 

35 

36 

33 

30

29 

28 

28 

30 

29

30 

28 

30 

26 

25

24 

24 

24 

24 

24

32 

134

87 

68 

83

Dec.

83 

83 

75 

72 

50

59 

52 

92 

61 

52

59 

47 

43 

94 

215

170 

130 

95 

60 

50

50 

45 

45 

45 

45

45 

45 

45 

45 

45 

45

909.

-

July.

39 

43

37

37 

43 

39 

30 

28

Jan.

45 

45 

45 

40 

40

40 

40 

40 

40 

40

40 

40 

40 

40 

40

40 

40 

40 

40 

40

45 

378 

1,710 

1,470 

1,030

653 

447 

447 

447 

400 

447

Feb.

333 

290 

290 

269 

230

212 

200 

180 

180 

170

160 

150 

140 

130 

120

120 

110 

100 

90 

80

100 

300 

200 

150 

120

100 

200 

1,030

Aug.

28 

27 

28 

27 

27

26 

29 

44 

115

87

Mar.

4,350 

3,350 

1,880 

1,320 

960

960 

1,550 

1,550 

1,960 

1,710

1,550 

1,550 

1,400 

1,030 

1,100

1,170 

1,100 

1,100 

1,030 

1,100

1,170 

1,170 

1,100 

960 

1,320

1,790 

1,400 

960 

830 

770 

770

Sept. Day.

1909 

22 21. 

22 22. 

21 23. 

25 24. 

21 25.

23 26. 

22 27. 

23 28. 

21 29. 

21 30. 

31.

Apr.

770 

710 

653 

447 

355

333 

333 

355 

355 

333

290 

269 

311 

269 

249

269 

249 

230 

1,030 

710

521 

471 

471 

496 

496

496 

1,470 

960 

546 

423

May.

471 

447 

378 

400 

400

400 

378 

269 

215 

290

290 

290 

249 

249 

230

215

204 

218 

269 

249

230 

400 

290 

208 

174

167 

137 

115 

105 

101 

113

July.

28 

28 

43 

43 

36

28 

45 

37 

37 

32 

32

June.

121 

118 

121 

115 

108

128 

269 

249 

215 

215

311

378 

496 

400 

311

230 

230 

290 

290 

290

290 

269 

249 

230 

208

188 

155 

115 

101 

92

Aug.

79 

79 

49 

47 

44

42 

37 

30 

29 

28 

24

July.

85 

81 

72 

55 

55

50 

47 

45 

50 

58

53 

52 

45 

44 

42

42 

35 

31 

31

28

26 

27 

24 

22 

25

27 

28 

27 

28 

30 

34

Aug.

39

48 

42 

29 

42

35 

34 

39 

36 

64

55 

45 

53 

48 

33

37 

36 

61 

64 

64

83 

41 

36 

32 

31

28 

28 

24 

24 

23 

22

Sept.

24

24 

24 

24

28

32 

39 

68 

187 

155

Sept.

21

21 

21 

24

28

28 

52 

64 

68 

59

66 

47 

34 

29 

29

27 

27 

29 

32 

41

39 

24 

24 

25 

30

32 

32 

33 

31

30
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Souihegan River at Merrimack, N. H., for the years 

ending Sept. 30,1909-1916 Continued.

Day.

1910-11. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1911-12. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

32

47

53

29

32

30

30

32

32

37

35

49

32

37

33

41

42

32

34

37

37

37

41

49

47

49

47

42

39

55

64

48

52

96

104

118

130

120

128

135

128

120

120

88

88

48

45

70

92

610

980

496

600

802

692

411

319

284

246

236

219

201

Nov.

61

59

66

79

98

110

96

87

87

77

66

55

52

53

52

59

47

41

46

52

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

195

204

190

185

178

175

232

260

281

253

225

192

185

225

232

363

327

327

748

530

411

359

284

295

311

335

331

327

335

303

Dec.

68

68

52

50

23

25

24

30

29

30

30

30

29

27

26

25

27

27

27

25

24

24

33

149

250

181

77

110

101

115

103

267

260

274

264

264

207

216

185

274

172

165

188

1QI?

188

190

225

406

692

420

388

281

274

720

1,330

775

665

600

535

363

452

450

Jan.

80

105

360

625

300

190

175

160

120

80

80

85

65

65

60

50

40

35

35

35

45

35

30

30

35

35

85

370

330

180

100

400

400

350

oen

onft

300

300

275

275

250

250

250

250

250

991

225

225

200

200

200

200

200

175

175

175

tv\

i so

150

1 B»fi

150

135

Feb.

85

85

60

50

60

50

40

45

35

40

40

40

40

35 ' 30

25

35

35

35

30

30

25

25

25

25

25

75

300

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

132

135

132

135

140

140

162

148

246

245

250

255

260

260

265

265

267

284

270

250

222

Mar.

290

160

70

55

50

45

40

40

35

50

50

55

60

90

425

1,320

472

378

378

222

378

355

472

472

184

90

424

2,670

1,550

1,710

1,550

207

198

142

140

142

142

148

182

239

239

242

347

1,070

1,440

1,820

2,250

2,170

1,960

1,610

1,400

1,0'0

920

720

488

474

420

388

375

980

2,330

1,540

Apr.

770

333

269

290

250

311

2,045

1,320

710

521

572

510

535

550

830

720

515

465

375

367

355

343

256

281

267

264

253

219

201

213

1,200

1,300

1,260

1,230

1 94ft

1,260

1 300

1,300

1,330

1,330

1,260

1,140

802

540

307

188

281

402

748

748

560

474

492

510

540

560

EAR

267

253

Q47

May.

239

239

253

239

222

195

145

142

140

145

145

138

116

132

135

116

108

104

96

132

88

92

72

92

106

170

165

108

108

84

78

375

9OQ

292

295

303

295

295

343

416

580

456

331

315

311

295

331

665

638

398

371

456

665

638

540

456

267

246

232

219

339

411

June.

64

76

90

60

54

57

201

388

190

130

96

96

239

327

307

201

96

120

120

116

88

80

72

74

72

76

57

44

57

55

447

VJ*\

281

274

260

172

160

160

114

106

100

94

86

84

80

80

76

76

70

64

58

60

64

60

60

57

54

52

37

July.

54

68

70

49

35

35

37

34

34

34

33

31

28

26

24

21

27

26

26

26

26

26

27

24

28

25

25

30

39

80

72

36

QA

34

Q4

"U

35

35

34

32

31

32

31

32

43

52

64

57

60

54

49

60

64

68

64

60

54

46

35

43

41

39

Aug.

72

57

48

57

49

45

35

34

33

32

31

30

27

27

25

25

25

25

24

23

24

26

24

37

35

41

35

45

58

86

106

43

51

48

43

39

34

32

28

28

28

32

36

40

41

48

49

48

180

55

64

60

57

60

64

54

44

39

28

Q/t

34

3^

Sept.

116

118

86

66

41

72

66

54

60

72

41

86

54

43

76

60

54

43

57

54

58

52

55

45

40

31

30

34

42

46

33

32

34

52

58

64

51

51

48

39

39

35

34

32

35

57

72

72

54

45

43

41

40

39

37

35

35

35

35

34
MEBEIMACK RIVER BASIN. 63

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916 Continued.

Day.

1912-13. 

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1913-14. - 

1..............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.. ............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28............ .

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

34

35

36

3311

33

35

V7

35

*3A

35

<u

39

32

in

OK

34

34

34

OK

qo

24

30

92

oqo

180

120

106

100

84

84

51

4O

483

281

253

140

108

88

86

CO

OS

82

84

112

QO

98

IfU

104

68

92

147

274

1QK

165

180

830

720

,*7Q

3A7

303

260

Nov.

72

80

QA

82

on

80

76

434

416

274

185

1O9

17Q

198

665

665

600

998

919

207

ion

1 *A

1 K-K.

242

351

303

207

145

145

OOQ

182

180

185

180

179

155

140

138

CQO

525

343

281

OKA

oen.

204

188

210

201

1QR

213

OA1

170 MK

1A9

 ME

132

120

145

145

Dec.

145

140

OKQ

319

311

424

OA7

264

331

270

213 i<in

140

iin

132

140

145

192

474

384

228 i&n

100

 I CA

138

$1 q

260

OAi

9qQ

1,070

155

oqo

qiQ

O7A

239 on*?

638

545

424

363

411

246

O1 q

239

219

207

Olq

 170

135

145

162

168

1Q9

9S4

OEQ

onfi

160

160

190

180

Jan.

890

555

4Q*>

1 O4n

720

456

420

406

323

OQ1

295

17n

520

384

367

011

040

402

438

456

406

420 11 n

JQO

411

351

qnq

OQO

OOQ

260

170

170

24

210

225 ion

170

1 CO

I4rt

140

30

Qf\

60

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

76

OQQ

303

q-t K

q-tE

qqe

QAO

Feb.

253

246

222

190

172

195

180

82

68

AQ

130

125

19Q

19ft

125

125 loo

116

116

160

216

303

OQO

250

225

204

250

665

510 qA7

343

474

q7K

367

281

260

QK/I

oqo

295 100

225

110

 MK

1 VI

150

040

219

1Q9

170

Ififi

182

1fiC

1QQ

ISft

-too

Mar.

638

520

470

351

319

281

281

170

225

380

438

375

510

580

i 4in

1,010

720

456

492

720

oqA

720

506

555

540

802

1,470

2

QQA

1,400

1 '775 040

242 1 nfin

2 SI ft

2,030

1,680

i ?/in

SOft

77 K.

860

QAO

ono

610 n?n

474

343

395

445

495

550

384

343

OAK

ftOO

OQQ

315

492

1 44O,

9 77/1

2,170

1,200

1,010

Apr.

950

802

570

525

501

510

530

510

438

398

388

775

onn

950

748

610

CftA

411

qoq

qcn

71ft

qil

oeq

oqo

260

225

91 q

406

qoq

1,070

2,030

1,610

QQA

860

775

665

77K

1,470

i inn

1,010

Q£A

860

748

AQ9

665

720

1,010

Qcn

1,010

QAO

610

515

460

470

I

ftOft

2,170 i <iqA

I

ljn

May.

359

335

288

207

185

180

ion

180

158

135

98

155

125

116

116

132

145 idn

ton

116

110

116

inn

K-Irt

eon

434

264

860

sqn

438

Qjrn

748

610

KqA

550

1,070

con

665

605

501

465

420

830

QKA

665

1.070 OKA

393

367

343

OQQ

970

264

1OS

91 q

1OS

155

114

June.

331

228

222

195

180

160

120

104

106

100

100

68

43

78

68

57

54

51

48

64

60

62

52

64

n«

54

54in

48

17

114

132

120

11S

192

185

tort

120

CM

84

79

57

76

76

68

72

QO

K7

51

A9

58

55

55

48

KO

45

nn

July.

42

45

42

40

41

37

43

32

30

30

68

76

43

21

43

66

25

76

60

45

66

34

31

40

57

86

AO

48

70

45

82

60

82

94

92

80

57

82

108

116

(U

95

on

Qfl

104

on

54

64

41

45

40

48

KO

48

52

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

Aug.

64

74

46

82

82

12S

49

30

80

31

32

30

70

116

96

49

49

37

43

76

106

45

60

72

66

49

128

66

106

39

38

43

43

43

43

43

43

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

35

36

31

on

32 33

37

44

60

64

64

43

10

1Q

41

51

37

Sept.

39

41

51

41

45

46

41

35

41

35

34

37

37

37

140

76

78

33

32

33

34

36

292

155

14S

90

55

60

35

48

40

42

45

46

48

41

35

28

30

28

27

28

26

25

27

29

30

29

27

27

27

29

26

27

28

27

27

24

22

25
64

Daily di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

', in second-feet, of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1909-1916 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..........--.-

3..............

4..........-.--

5..............

6...... ....... -

7..........-.--

g

10.. ........... -

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

IS

to

20..............

21..... .........

22..............

OQ

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

Oft

29... ..... ......

30..............

qt

1915-16. 

1..............

2..............

4..............

5... ......... --

6..............

7..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21

22..............

9Q

25........-...--

26..............

97

OQ

OQ

30.............. «>1

Oct.

23

21

22

22

21

22

21

22

22

21

22

23

20

21

21

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

23

23

23

21

62

74

92

148

132

tqc

130

132

190

145

128

125

100

99

108

135

138

tOK

122

110

104

108

100

78

70

80

OR

88

92

on

74

^ov.

21

21

22

22

22

23

23

23

24

24

24

25

25

25

26

26

27

27

27

27

27

27

25

24

25

26

26

45

KQ

52

70

72

70

96

78

Qfi

QS

92

88

Oft

88

84

86

70

68

204

192

138

138

720

Ana

qq-i

Ofro

otq

188

162

170

145

148

oqo

Dec.

64

57

57

64

54

40

33

52

54

43

45

39

34

46

48

64

62

58

49

48

33

43

44

44

40

34

34

34

37

34

41

OOK

188

162

155

142

116

1QC

i°/i

19*

125

180

QA

86

on

Qfi

on

Oft

116

830

775

00 K

t)QA

9Q9

OQJ

665

1 540

Qcn

434

4Ofi

^an.

42

38

37

33

36

33

135

560

264

168

 toe

190

9A*\

295

OQ9

165

128

190

1,200

1 I\fift

665

°,fi7

91(1

195

too

170

IRQ

145

139

120

110

TJv*

°.1Q

ooc

284

111?

474

347

246

9Q9

97S

97fi

267

OQK

OOft

195

1 QQ

168

168 too

neyj

496

1,100 

1,170

Qdf\

eon

515

Feb.

104

104

106

110

114

120

180

260

295

195

158

158

138

138

140

OOE

665

420

442

375

335

9QI?

260

355

I con

9 QTfl

1

OQA

QCA

595 fyii

347

*>fi7

319

978

284

OA7

195

198

178

168

108

iqo

172

1CK

170

170

158

112

too

148

175 oni

93fi

1 860

2*970

1

? con

1

OAA

Mar.

890

830

748

692

610

398

243

225

195

216

216

225

162

168

175

182

188

17*,

162

140

130

158

165

175

192

99^

178

155

165

168

153

son

638

470 f--gn

398

343

307

OtK

363

QQA

oon

9QQ

9Q9

QA7

288

260

OKA

OQQ

239

91ft

239

ooc

91 Q

999

99fi

264

775

1 040

1

* qqn

2

nqn

Apr.

148

150

132

116

175

243

295

355

339

288

402

980

748

483

384

323

288

256

253

242

219

192

185

140

 f eo

182

162

170

178

2 030

2r OOA

1 7on

1,230

1,010

1,010

920

775

AQ9

665

830

1 040

l'040 J 860

830

1 140

l'040 *860

79fi

605

*uft

fUlft

1 °.flft

2,030

1,470

Q^O

Sfifl

1 '980 400

May.

550

483

380

355

292

246

OOE

190

91 ft

999

ofii

1fi9

216

too

140

155 i nn

19S

SA.

QS

.102

119

Sfi

 77K

OQQ

393

284

219

OQA

nof\

1,010

2 7Qfi

' sn9

flifi

520

470

506

OA7

OH

97rt

OQQ

oe«

974

June.

55

66

60

62

52

AQ

38

64

64

58

48

48

OQ

31

oo

07

46

52

68

49

JO

/>rt

55

52

46

46

39

3407

91 Q

192

OQ1

465

339

398

1*040

I'.IOO

748

492

9/19

OQft

7-f O

570

°.ft7

39°.

555

411

OOQ

O7A

9Q9

July.

44

158

, 605

638

351

295

225

204

2,410

1,680

775

506

qcn

284

242

222

1QS

160

IAQ

ifift

201

178

190

162

114

110

188

351

qce

347

256

201 tan

236 q9°.

9O9

210

19/1

145

172 ififi

145

130

tOK

102

Qfl

112

106

102

104

150

1Q9

222

152

207

CQA

OCQ

210

178

Aug.

288

510

530

493

3,850

2,490

1,580

1,200

1,750

1,750

1,100

748

665

665

488

555

550

OQA

295

253

207

180

692

506

402

488

364

239

195

198

228

1CK

139

122

114

104

80

68

96

116

142

162 ton

100

112

116

106

84

70

68

5

0

45

60

108

toe

 ton

92

140

oc

201

148

Sept.

207

175

150

138

120

112

108

118

118

110

102

86

68

88

86

96

84

88

58

49

62

90

112

98

QA

58

54

68

70

68

120

102

82

62

55

70

on

on

88

58

54

60

60

55

76

93d

236

tKO

145

145

125

100

92

142

116

100

Oft

79

7fi

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 15,1909, to Jan. 21,1910; Feb. 7-27,1910; Jan. 1 to 

Mar. 15,1911; Jan. 16-20, Feb. 5-22, and Feb. 29 to Mar. 7,1916. Discharge ascertained by means of gage 

heights, discharge measurements, and climatic records. No records as follows: July 25,1909; July 31, Nov. 

19,21-30, Dec. 25,1910; Nov. 27,1911; Jan. 1-31, Feb. 1-7,18-24,1912; Jan. 16-21,23, Mar. 16-18, July 11-12, 

15,25-31, Aug. 1-13, Sept. 4,7, Oct. 17-29, Nov. 1-14,25-26,1914; Jan. 12-13, Aug. 27,1915: Discharge ascertained by comparison with records at stations in adjacent drainage basins and by interpolation. Jan. 24 to 

Mar. 15,1915, discharge ascertained from readings of chain gage and comparison with records at stations in adjacent drainage basins.
MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN. 65

Monthly discharge of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., for the years ending Sept. 30,

1909-1916.

[Drainage area, 168 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Eun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

1909.

July 13-31..................................... 45

August........................................ 115

September.........................'........... 187

1909-10.

October....................................... 105

November..................................... 134

December..................................... 215

January....................................... 1,710

February...................................... 1,030

March.............. . ...... 4,350

Aprfl................... . .. ... ..... ...... 1.470

May........................................... 471

June......... ... . .

July....................:..;......;.........

August.....................................

September.................................

The year................................ 4,350

1910-11.

October....................................... 64

November..................................... I 110

December..................................... 250

January....................................... 625

February......... ...... ................. 300

March......................................... 2,670

April......... ... .... ...... .: ..... 2,045

May........................ .................. 253

June......... . ....... 388

July........................................... 80

August........................................ 106

September.................................... 118

The year................................ 2,670

1911-12.

October....................................... 980

November..................................... 748

December..................................... 1,330

January....................................... 400

February...................................... 284

March......................................... 2,330

April.......................................... 1,330

May........................................... 665

June.......................................... 447

July........................................... 68

August........................................ 180

September.................................... 72

The year................................ 2,330

1912-13.

October....................................... 232

November... ................................. 665

December............-....-..--..--..-....-..- 1,070

January... . ..... .............. 1,040

February...................................... 393

March.. . ...... .............. 2,890

April.......................................... 950

May........................................... 860

June.... ..... ......... .................... 331

July........................................... 86

August........................................ 128

September.................................... 292

The year................................ 2,890

36.1

39.2

35.2

0.215

.233

.209

22

24

43

40

80

770

230

101

92

22

22

21

38.4

38.5

69.1

267

206

1,420

496

263

226

41.9

41.2

34.9

.229

.229

.411

1.59

1.23

8.45

2.95

1.57

1.35

.249

.245

.208

21 263 1.57

29

41

23

30

25

35

201

72

44

21

23

30

39.8

61.4

59.3

130

50.9

456

497

140

123

37.3

40.0

58.4

21 141

45

175

165

135

132

140

188

219

37

31

28

32

28

24

72

132

260

48

170

213

98

37

21

30

32

21

252

293

383

235

191

832

790

389

124

44.7

47.5

43.7

303

57.0

237

257

435

175

707

498

261

97.0

48.6

65.8

63.5

243

0.237

.365

.353

.774

.303

2.71

2.96

.833

.732

.222

.238

1.50

1.74

2-28 

1-40 

1.14 

4.95 

4.70 

2.32 

.738 

.266 

.283 

.260

l.J

0.339

1.41

1.53

2.59

1.04

4.21

2.96

1.55

.577

.289

.392

.378

1.45

0.15 

.27 

.23

.47

1.83

1.28

9.74

3.29

1.81

1.51

.29

.28

.23

21.25

0.27

.41

.41

.89

.32

3.12

3.30

.96

.82

.26

.27

.39

11.42

1.73

1.94

2.63

1.61

1.23

5.71

5.24

2.68

.82

.31

.33

.29

24.52

0.39

1.57

1.76

2.99

1.08

4.85

3.30

i.79

.64

.33

.45

.42

19.57

99282° 18 WSP 431 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1909-1916 Continued.

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

1913-14.

October....................................... 830

November..................................... 692

December..................................... 638

January....................................... 802

February...................................... 666

March......................................... 2.810

April.......................................... 2,170

May........................................... 1,070

June.......................................... 192

July........................................... 116

August........................................ 64

September.................................... 48

The year................................ 2,810

1914-15.

October....................................... 23

November..................................... 68

December..................................... 64

January....................................... 1,580

February................... . .... ... 2,970

March......................................... ' 890

April..................... ..... ........... 980

May........................................... 550

June............. .. 68

July...................... ..... . .... .. . 2,410

August........................................ 3,850

September.................................... 207

The year................................ 3,850

1915-16.

October....................................... 190

November..................................... 720

December..................................... 1,540

January....................................... 1,170

February............................... . 2,970

March...................................... 2,030

April........................................ . 2,330

May........................................... 2,730

June........................................... 1,580

July........................................... 580

August........................................ 253

September..................................... 239

The year................................ 2,970

120

135

24

110

242

460

114

45

40

30

22

215

216

251

176

260

936

1,020

510

88.2

68.0

41.3

30.7

1.28

1.29

1.49

1.05

1.55

5.57

6.07

3.04

.525

.405

.246

.183

22 318 1.

20

21

33

33

104

130

116

54

31

44

180

49

20

62

108

216

506

219

192

90

45

54

45

21.8

27.3

46.1

263

478

280

278

189

49.0

391

769

97.5

0.130

.162

.274

1.57

2.85

1.67

1.65

1.12

.292

2.33

4.58

.580

1.43

109 

-166 

330 

436 

467 

466 

1,080 

540 

602 

192 

115 

102

382

0.649

.988

1.96

2.60

2.78

2.77

6.43

3.21

3.58

1.14

.685

.607

1.48

1.44

1.72

1.21

1.61

6.42

6.77

3.50

.59

.47

.28

.20

0.15

.18

.32

1.81

2.97

1.92

1.84

1.29

.33

2.69

5.28

.65

19.43

.75

1.10

2.26

3.00

3.00

3.19

7.17

3.70

3.99

1.31

.79

2.27 30.94
MEERIMACK RIVER BASIN. 67

Days of deficiency in discharge of Souhegan River at Herrimack, N. H., during the years

ending Sept. 30,1910-1916.

Discharge in secondfeet.

25....................

30....................

35....................

40....................

45....................

50....................

60....................

70....................

80....................

90....................

100...................

125...................

150...................

175...................

200...................

250.....:.............

300...................

350...................

400...................

500...................

600...................

800... .................

1,000.................

1,500.................

2,000.................

2,500.................

3,000.................

3,500.................

4,000.................

4,500.................

Theoretical horsepower 

per foot 

of fall.

2.8 

3.4 

4.0 

4.5 

5.1

5.7 

6.8 

8.0 

9.1 

10.2

11.4 

14.2 

17.0 

19.8 

22.7

28.4 

34.1 

39.8 

45.5 

56.8

68.2 

' 90.9 

114 

170 

227

284 

341 

398 

455 

511

Days of deficient discharge.

1909-10

23

52 

84 

106 

132

157 

175 

186 

189 

197

202 

222 

228 

236 

239

266 

285 

293 

300 

320

322 

329 

335 

354 

363

363 

363

364 

364 

365

1910-11

11 

47 

81 

108 

129

147 

193 

212 

230

247

258 

279 

290 

294 

301

312 

323 

331

341 

347

353 

357 

358 

360 

363

' 364 

365

1911-12

4 

26

45 

57

68 

87 

104 

110 

116

119 

127 

152 

163 

182

212 

256 

278 

290 

311

321 

337 

342 

359 

363

366

1912-13

2 

3

30 

52 

67

84 

94 

110 

122 

134

139 

157 

187 

198 

217

240 

259 

276 

293 

3.19

336 

348 

357 

364 

364

364 

365

1913-14

3 

22 

29 

44 

58

74 

88 

97 

102 

114

126 

152 

169 

187 

214

238 

260 

273 

282 

295

304 

323 

341 

355 

359

363

365

1914-15

43 

58 

69 

81 

91

105 

123 

139 

140 

148

153 

176 

195 

222 

253

281 

299 

303 

317 

326

334 

347 

351 

354 

361

363 

364 

364 

365

1915-16

1

6 

15 

29 

43

62 

94 

130 

152 

169

201 

230 

249 

264 

283

298 

316 

334 

354 

360

364 

366

NOTE. The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at different rates of discharge, and snows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horsepower 

were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using 

this table, allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which 

may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent.

SOUTH BRANCH OF NASHUA RIVER BASIN (WACHUSETT DRAINAGE BASIN) NEAR 

CLINTON, WORCESTER COUNTY, MASS.

LOCATION. At Wachusett dam near Clinton.

DRAINAGE AREA. 119 square miles 1896 to 1907; 118,19 square miles 1908-1913; 

108.84 square miles 1914-16.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July, 1896, to September, 1916.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Wachusett reservoir and other ponds. 

Beginning with 1897 the determinations of discharge have been corrected for 

gain or loss in the reservoir and ponds so that the record shows approximately the 

natural flow of the stream.

The yield per square mile is the yield of the drainage area including the water 

surfaces. For the years 1897 to 1902, inclusive, the water surface amounted to 

2.2 per cent of the total area; 1903, 2.4 per cent; 1904, 3.6 per cent; 1905, 4.1 per 

cent; 1906, 5.1 per cent; 1907, 6.0 per cent; 1908-1915, 7.0 per cent.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of 

Boston; rearranged to climatic year form by engineers of the Geological Survey.
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

'Yield and rainfall in South Branch of Nashua River basin (Wachusett drainage area) 

near Clinton, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area 108.84 square miles.)

Month.

February. ........................

May..............................

July..............................

September. .......................

Year........................

Total yield 

(million 

gallons).

1,305.3 

1,624.6 

4,586.1 

4,438.2 

5,732.4 

6,380.6 

10,774.4 

5,726.2 

6,706.5 

3,663.9 

957.3 

958.3

52,853.8

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.387

.498 

1.359 

1.315 

1.816 

1.891 

3.300 

1.697 

2.054 

1.086 

.284 

.294

1.327

Secondfeet.

0.599 

.770 

2.103 

2.035 

2.810 

2.926 

5.106 

2.626 

3.178 

1.680 

.439 

.454

2.053

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage . 

area 

(inches).

0.690 

.859 

2.424 

2.346 

3.030 

3.374 

5.696 

3.028 

3.546 

 1.937 

.506 

.506

27. 942

Per 

cent of 

rainfall.

22.6 

27.5 

47.5 

146.7 

50.7 

101.5 

156.0 

90.7 

53.9 

34.2 

29.5 

12.0

59.0

Rainfall 

(inches).

3.05 

3.12 

5.11 

1.60 

5.98 

3.32 

3.65 

3.34 

6.57 

5.66 

1.72 

4.21

47.33

Summary of yield and rainfall in South Branch of Nashua River basin (Wachusett drainage area) near Clinton, Mass., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1897-1916.

[Drainage area, 108.84 square miles.] o

Month.

March. ...........................

May..............................

July..............................

August. ..........................

Year........................

Total yield 

(million 

gallons).

34,973.8 

49,681.1 

78,651.0 

83, 452. 4 

86, 564. 1 

172, 221. 3 

141, 858. 9 

80,806.2 

50, 132. 9 

29,987.4 

29,310.0 

21,374.2

859,013.3

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.518 

.761 

1.165 

1.237 

1.410 

2.552 

2.173 

1.197 

.768 

.444 

.434 

.327

1.081

Secondfeet.

0.801 

1.177 

1.803 

1.913 

2.181 

3.948 

3.361 

1.852 

1.188 

.687 

.672 

.506

1. 673

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.925 

1.313 

2.079 

2.206 

2.288 

4.553 

3.751 

2.136 

1.325 

.793 

.775 

.565

22.709

Per 

cent of 

rainfall.

53.6 

34.9 

53.6 

60.1 

60.0 

110.7 

98.4 

63.6 

36.0 

18.7 

18.5 

16.0

49.5

Rainfall 

(inches).

3.82 

3.76 

3.88 

3.67 

3.82 

4.11 

3.81 

3.36 

3.68 

4.24 

4.19 

3.53

45.87

o Although the drainage area has been changed at different times, quantities in the table correspond 

to the present drainage area.

CONCORD RIVER AT LOWELL, MASS.

LOCATION. At Lawrence Street Bridge in the city of Lowell, Middlesex County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. Concord River above Lowell, 376.5 square miles; net drainage

area, excluding diversions, 301.3 square miles; occasional waste water reaches the

river from diverted drainage above dam No. 1. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1901, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGES. Staff gages on east bank above dam and on west bank above head pates. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Mill use determined from water-wheel ratings checked

by current-meter measurements. Water wasting over dam computed from weir

formula with some corrections for depth.
MEEEIMACK RIVER BASIN". 69

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control formed by crest of dam and head gates to canal. 

Channel of river about 100 feet wide from Lawrence Street Bridge to North Billerica, 4 miles. Pondage drawn on but little.

DIVERSIONS. Run-off from 75.2 square miles above dam No. 1 of Boston Water Works, 

and including Farm Pond, diverted from the upper part of Sudbury River for 

municipal supply for city of Boston. Only waste water from this area reaches 

Concord River.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow somewhat affected by operation of mills between 

North Billerica and Lowell.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by Arthur T. Safford, hydraulic engineer for the 

owners of the water power taken from Wamesit canal. Record changed to climatic year form by engineers of the Geological Survey.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Concord River at Lowell, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..........:...

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

190

190

239

257

257

257

257

310

309

302

279

279

301

257

257

257

258

258

258

257

257 9f;7

257

243

242

Nov.

242

212

213

212

212

213

213

239

257

257

257

257

257

258

258

257

258

«44

355

357

378

345

547

333

331

Dec.

327

316

316

317

311

281

277

257

257

275

257

257

259

259

304

318

674

79*

fiQI

660

701

693

761

818

496

613

Jan.

657

624

599

578

540

620

592

585

523

475

468

376

396

354

338

334

191

365

510

559

466

639

656

605

658

Feb.

618

559

529

529

554

587

447

509

507

535

51 Q

228

222

339

481

530

491

AKf\

486

432

490

60S

1

QOQ

1,451

Mar.

1,370

1,152

904

7S4

668

580

613

553

568

557

PLSQ

614

581

"SfiQ

563

581

MZ1

A19

filQ

^fil

545

561

679

780

988

1,203

1,471

Apr.

1,629

1,829

1,737

1,708

1,635

1,625

1,563

1 544

1 4S1

1 463

1*463

1^379

1,329

1 345

1^310

1,213

1 143

1,076

1 l4fi

1 104.

1 97K

1 1Q9

1 209

1*940

May.

1.373

1,351

1,306

1,270

1,185

1,119

1,062

937

882

825

818

835

555

525

534

716

886

879

1,109

1,035

922

839

74Q

662

ZSY7

June.

478

443

433

452

460

505

489

521

554

651

678

720

800

7715

806

1,065

1,080

1 004

1

1 oo

1,052

997

1 19Q

1,017

7QQ

7*>4

664

July.

614

395

465

465

455

408

OQO

378

363

362

303

295

9JQ

233

253

220

91 S

94Q

313

364

418 42°

491

AQK

464

Aug.

399

389

362

336

234

199

206

263

256

254

9V7

256

235

9V7

237

237

223

94H

161

1Q7

225

217

222

216

186

243

toe

Sept.

59

63

157

219

239

239

248

188

174

158

224

255

254

251

, 253

256

256

256

188

186

191

191

191

NOTE. No records on Sundays and holidays. 

Monthly discharge of Concord River at Lowell, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

 

Month.

October .................................

November ..............................

December. .............................

February ...............................

March

April...................................

Mean discharge in secondfeet;

259

274

439

512

560

734

1,406

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Mean discharge in secondfeet.

915

751

371

246

204

554

NOTE. Means obtained by averaging only daily determinations recorded in preceding table.
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

STTDBTTRY RIVER AND LAKE'COCHITUATE BASINS NEAR FRAMINGS^!! AND 

COCHITTTATE, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASS.

DRAINAGE AREA. Area of Sudbury basin from 1875 to 1878, inclusive, was 77.8 

square miles; 1879-80, 78.2 square miles; 1881-1916, 75.2 square miles. Area of 

Cochituate basin from 1863 to 1909, inclusive, was 18.87 square miles; 1910, 

17.8 square miles; 1911 to 1916,17.58 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Of Sudbury River, January, 1875, to September, 1916; of 

Lake Cochituate, January, 1863, to September, 1916. Sudbury River and Lake 

Cochituate have been studied by the engineers of the city of Boston, the State 

Board of Health of Massachusetts, and the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage 

Board; records of rainfall have been kept in the Sudbury basin since 1875 and 

in the Cochituate basin since 1852, but the latter are considered of doubtful accuracy previous to 1872.

REGULATION. The greater part of the flow from these basins is controlled by storage 

reservoirs constructed by the city of Boston and the Metropolitan Water and 

Sewerage Board. Lake Cochituate, which drains into Sudbury River a short 

distance below Framingham, is controlled as a storage reservoir by the Metropolitan Waterworks. In the Sudbury River basin the water surfaces exposed to 

evaporation have been increased from time to time by the construction of additional storage reservoirs. From 1875 to 1878, inclusive, the water surface amounted 

to 1.9 per cent of the total area; from 1879 to 1884, to 3 per cent; 1885 to 1893, to 

3.4 per cent; 1894 to 1897, to 3.9 per cent; 1898 and subsequent years, 6.5 per cent.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. In determining the run-off of the Sudbury and 

Cochituate drainage areas the water diverted for the municipal supply of Framingham, Natick, and Westboro, which discharge their sewerage outside the 

basins, is taken into consideration; the results, however, are probably less accurate since the sewerage diversion works were constructed. The public water and 

sewerage works were installed in these towns as follows:

Dates of installation of water and sewerage works in Framingham, Natick, and

Westboro.

Town. Water 

supply.

1875

1874

1879

Sewerage 

works.

1889

1896

1892

Water from the Wachusetts drainage area also passes into the reservoirs in the 

Sudbury basin and must be measured to determine the yield of the Sudbury 

basin; the small errors unavoidable in the measurement of large quantities of 

water decrease the accuracy of the determination of the Sudbury water supply 

during months of low yield for years subsequent to 1897.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of 

Boston; form changed to climatic year by engineers of the Geological Survey.
MERBIMACK RIVER BASIN. 71

Yield and rainfall in Sudbury River basin near Framingham, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1916.

[Drainage area, 75.2 square miles.]

Month.

October ...........................

May...............................

June ..............................

July...............................

September ........................

Year........................

Totalyield 

(million 

gallons).

538.2 

589.2 

2,094.2 

2,196.4 

2,956.9 

4,241.7 

6,851.0 

3,354.0 

2,701.9 

i 1,364.7 

181.6 

58.2

27,128.0

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.231 

.261 

.898 

.942 

1.356 

1.820 

3.037 

1.439 

1. 198 

.585 

.078 

.026

.986

Secondfeet.

0.357 

.404 

1.390 

1.458 

2.098 

2.815 

4.699 

2.226 

1.853 

.906 

.121 

.040

1.526

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.412 

.451 

1.602 

1.681 

2.262 

3.245 

5.243 

2.567 

2.068 

1.044 

.139 

.044

20.758

Per 

cent of 

rainfall.

14.0 

16.2 

31.5 

109.8 

38.2 

78.1 

125.1 

74.9 

43.4 

20.2 

6.9 

2.5

47.4

Rainfall 

(inches).

2.95 

2.79 

5.09 

1.53 

5.91 

4.16 

4.19 

3.43 

4.77 

5.17 

2.01 

1.80

43.80

Summary of yield and rainfall in Sudbury River basin near Framingham, Mass., for the 

years ending Sept. SO, 1876-1916.

[Drainage area, 75.2 square miles."]

Month.

March..... ......

April..............................

May..............................

July...............................

Year........................

Totalyield 

(miffion 

gallons).

40,250.1 

69,349.8 

93,134.2 

116,245.2 

146.312.1 

261,710.3 

182, 733. 2 

101.406.9 

43,963.6 

17,264.8 

22.945.3 

20,031.3

1, 115, 346. 8

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.421 

.750 

.974 

1.216 

1.680 

2.738 

1.976 

1.061 

.475 

.181 

.240 

.217

.991

Secondfeet.

0.651 

1.160 

1.507 

1.882 

2.599 4.236- 

3.057 

1.642 

.735 

.279 

.371 

.335

1.533

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.751 

1.294 

1.738 

2.169 

2.803 

4.884 

3.411 

1.893 

.820 

.322 

.428 

.374

20.887

Per 

cent of 

rainfall.

19.6 

34.4 

45.2 

52.9 

67.2 

113.1 

96.3 

57.9 

27.9 

8.7 

11.1 

11.4

46.8

Rainfall 

(inches).

3.84 

3.76 

3.84 

4.10 

' 4.17 

4.32 

3.54 

3.27 

2.94 

3.69 

3.86 

3.29

44.62

a Although the drainage area has been changed at different times, quantities in this table correspond to 

the present drainage area.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Yield and rainfall in Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 17.58 square miles.]

Month.

October ...........................

February .........................

March

April ..............................

May..............................

July........................ .....

Year........................

Totalyield 

(million 

gallons).

166.1 

203.3 

603.5 

585.2 

880.1 

1,214.8 

1,399.6 

892.0 

779.4 

442.1 

116.8 

32.1

7,315.0

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.305 

.385 

1.107 

1.074 

1.726 

2.229 

2.654 

1.637 

1.478 

.811 

.214 

.061

1.137

Secondfeet.

0.472 

.596 

1.713 

1.661 

2.671 

3.449 

4.106 

2.532 

2.287 

1.255 

.332 

.094

1.759

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(Inches).

0.54 

.67 

1.98 

1.91 

2.88 

3.98 

4.58 

2.92 

2.55 

1.45 

.38 

.10

23.94

Per 

cent of 

rainfall.

18.6 

25.8 

28.6 

126.0 

50.9 

86.1 

111.2 

91.2 

46.8 

37.2 

21.8 

8.1

56.3

Rainfall 

(inches).

2.93

2.58 

5.48 

1.52 

5.66 

4.62 

4.12 

3.20 

5.45 

3.89 

1.75 

1.30

42.50

Summary of yield and rainfall in Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass., for the 

years ending Sept. 30, 1864-1916.

[Drainage area, 17.58 square miles.®]

Month.

October. ..........................

February .........................

April..............................

May...............................

July..............................

August ............................

Year........................

Totalyield 

(million 

gallons).

15,175.4 

20,911.2 

26,311.2 

32,007.5 

39,883.2 

62,002.3 

46,581.3 

27, 781. 0 

12, 822. 3 

7, 641. 3 

11, 037. 0 

10, 831. 8

312,985.5

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.525 

.748 

.911 

1.108 

1.515 

2.147 

1.666 

.962 

.459 

.265 

.382 

.388

.920

Secondfeet.

0.813 

1.157 

1.409 

1.714 

2.345 

3.321 

2.578 

1.488 

.710 

.409 

.591 

.600

1.423

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.94 

1.29 

1.62 

1.98 

2.53 

3.83 

2.88 

1.72 

.79 

.47 

.68 

.67

19.40

Per 

cent of 

rainfall.

23.0 

32.8 

45.0 

51.0 

64.2 

89.1 

82.8 

48.2 

26.2 

12.5 

16.6 

19.1

42.9

Rainfall 

(inches).

4.07 

3.94 

3.61 

3.88 

3.94 

4.30 

3.48 

3.57 

3.01 

3.77 

4.09 

3.51

45.17

a The drainage area has been changed at different times, but quantities in this table correspond to the 

present drainage area.

BLACKSTONB BIVER BASIN.

BLACKSTONE RIVER AT ALBION, R. I.

LOCATION. At the dam of the Valley Falls Co. in Albion, Providence County, about 

5 miles below the Massachusetts-Rhode Island State line, and 5£ miles below 

the mouth of Branch River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 433 square miles (321 square milea in Massachusetts and 112 

square miles in Rhode Island).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Water-stage recorder on right bank of pond, 40 feet abpve the dam installed 

August 3, 1915; vertical staff at edge of pond 25 feet above dam used prior to 

installation of water-stage recorder and for auxiliary readings; staff gage in canal 

near wheel intake, and staff gage in lower tailrace.
BLACKSTONE RIVER BASIN. 73

COMPUTATIONS OP DISCHARGE. Flow over dam ascertained from rating curve based 

on current-meter measurements; discharge through wheels ascertained from measurements of flow in canal at various gate openings; records kept of wheel operations, usually at fullgate during working hours, variations in load being carried 

by an auxiliary steam plant.

ICE. Little if any effect from ice.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the flow is regulated by power plants and held in 

storage by dams above the station, causing low flow during hours when mills are 

not in operation and on Sundays.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation for dam remained practically permanent until 

about September 25,1916, when operation of flashboards and sluice gates destroyed 

the value of the record; rating curve fairly well denned below 3,000 second-feet. 

Discharge rating for wheels was not very accurate, as current-meter measurements 

made lat different times did not agree closely. Open-water ratings used throughout the year. Staff gages on pond, canal, and tailrace, read 5 times daily at 

6.15 a. m., 9 a. m., 11.30 a. m., 3 p. m., and 5.30 p. m., to half-tenths. Operation of water-stage recorder was satisfactory except from February 13 to March 

24, when there was ice in the float well; gage heights from staff gage used during 

this period. Owing to lack of full information regarding wheel operation, and 

uncertainties in connection with rating of flow through the wheels, the values 

of daily discharge do not have a high degree of accuracy but the values of mean 

monthly flow are fairly good.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records for staff gages on pond, canal, and tailrace, furnished by Arnold B. Chace, of the Valley Falls Co.

Discharge measurements of Blackstone River at Albion, R. I., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Made by Hardin Thweatt.]

Date.

Aug. 15...............................

Aug. 15...............................

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. o234

6332

Date.

Aug. 16...............................

Aug. 16...............................

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a 245

c318

a In tailrace No. 1; head on-wheels 13.0. 

6 In tailrace No. 2; head on wheels 12.9. 

«In tailrace No. 2; head on wheels 13.0.

of Blackstone River at Albion, R. I., for the year ending Sept.'30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 433 square miles.]

Month.

April..............

Discharge in second-feet.

Mean.

148 

149 

533 

679 

1,090 

1,230 

1,800

Per 

square 

mile.

0.342 

.344 

1.23 

1.57 

2.52 

2.84 

4.16

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.39 

.38 

1.42 

1.81 

2.72 

3.27 

4.64

Month.

July...............

The year. . . .

Discharge in second-feet.

Mean.

1,010 

1,120 

612 

327 

233

743

Per 

square 

mile.

2.33

2.59 

1.41

.755 

.538

1.72

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.69 

2.89 

1.63 

.87 

.60

23.31
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN.

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT ORFORD, N. H.

LOCATION. At covered highway bridge between Orford, N. H., and Fairlee, Vt., 

approximately 10 miles downstream (by river) from the mouth of Waits Eiver.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,100 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 6,1900, to September 30,1916.

GAGES. Inclined staff on left bank 25 feet below bridge; chain attached to upstream 

side of bridge is also used at certain stages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Open-water measurements made from cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and deep, with gravelly bottom; control for 

high stages is probably at the dam at Wilder, 20 miles below station.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 23.5 feet at 7 a. m. 

April 3 (discharge, 32,300 second-feet, stage-discharge relation affected by ice); 

minimum stage recorded, 3.9 feet at 7 a. m. September 3 (discharge, 1,230 

second-feet).

1900-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 33.4 feet at 12 noon March 28, 1913 

(discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, 57,300 second-feet); minimum 24-hour discharge, 288 second-feet, September 28, 1908.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice, usually from December to 

March; ice cover usually remains in place throughout the winter.

REGULATION. About 2,370 million cubic feet of storage has been developed in First 

Connecticut Lake; natural flow not seriously affected by use of stored water prior 

to September 30, 1916.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected at times by use of flashboards at Wilder 

dam and, during the winter, by ice. Two rating curves were used during the 

year, one curve being well defined for ordinary conditions, the other curve fairly 

well defined above 3,000 second-feet and used when flashboards were on the dam 

at Wilder. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying rating table to mean daily gage heights. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by B. S. Barnes.]

Date.

Feb. 8.......................

Gage 

height.

Peel.

«7.20

«9.85

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

3,450

2,910

5,420

Date.

Feb. 16. ......................

Mar. 25. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«7.05

o6.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,890

1,982

o Stage-discharge ^elation affected by ice.

NOTE. Several discharge measurements obtained subsequent to Sept. 30 were used in determining 

the discharge rating curve used from Aug. 29 to Sept. 30.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN". 75

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut,River at Orford, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

0..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

94

25..............

9fi

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,490

2,850

2,650

2,850

2,850

2,850

3,380

3,710

3,710

3,490

3,490

2,850

2,290

2,110

2 Ofift

2,290

2,200

1,870

2,470

2,850

4,260

3,930

3,710

3,710

3,710

3,710

3,710

Nov.

4,260

4 84fl

5,330

5,330

4,840

4,610

4,610

4,500

4,150

3,930

3,820

3,930

4,040

4 040

4,720

4,840

4,720

4,380

4,380

5

/ffifi

5,580

5,580

5,080

4,500

4,150

3,710

3,490

A (\A(\

3,930

Dec.

4,380

4,840

4,500

4,380

3,930

4,150

3,710

3,270

3,160

2,850

2,850

2,750

2,650

2,850

2,750

2,650

2,560

2,850

3,600

4,150

3,380

3,160

3,050

3,270

5,460

10,500

11,600

8,020

6,100

Jan.

4,610

3,930

3,820

3,930

3,820

4,040

4,040

3,820

3,380

2,950

3,050

3,050

2,750

3,050

2,850

2,470

2,380

1,950

1,950

1,950

2,110

2,850

3 930

4^380

4,720

5,460

9,180

13, 200

13,000

11,800

Feb.

11,500

12,000

11,200

9,620

7,740

8,630

5,960

5,330

4,500

4,150

3,710

3,600

3,710

3,380

2

QKA

3,050

2,950

2,850

2

7CA

2,650

2,560

2,470

2

CCA

4,150

8,450

8,020

Mar.

5,460

3,930

3,710

3,270

3,050

2,950

2,750

2,750

2,560

2 d7fi

2,380

2,290

2,200

2,110

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2

9ftn

2,110

2,110

2,110

2 030

2

OQA

2,560

3,600

5,580

10, 100

18,500

Apr.

29,300

31,700

29,900

OK QAA

1Q 3fift

13,200

11,200

10,400

9 470

9 470

9^770

10,700

11 000

11,600

15,200

19,100

20,100

is 9ftft

18,700

21 700

99 inn

20,900

19,700

17,000

12,800

May.

12,600

13.000

13,200

12,600 IQ AHA

11,600

10,100

9,320

8,600

8,020

7 460

6,' 900

7,320

6,630

5,460

K AQA

6,630

17,000

19,300

17,200

 10 Crtrt

10,700

8,880

8,160

7 460

6,630

6,360

6,100

5,330

5,330

6,630

June.

8,300

8,600

6,900

6,360

10,100

13,500

13, 700

13,000

9,920

8,880

H AAA

19 IHA

12,300

10,500

8,880

7 460

6*630

7,040

7,180

8,450

9 77fi

9 030

7,' 600

5,330

4,840

4,960

6,500

7,460

6,630

July.

5,580

4,610

5,200

7,180

10; 700

10,700

8,020

6,100

5,840

6,760

5,960

4 960

4^380

4,150

3,270

3,270

5,960

6,360

4,150

3,490

4,260

5,580

5,700

3,820

3,490

3,270

2,850

Aug.

2,470

2,650

2,950

2,290

2,110

1,950

1,950

1,790

2,850

10,500

13,000

11,000

7,460

4 960

4^150

3,380

2,850

2,470

2,030

1,790

1,500

1,640

1,570

1,640

1,790

1,640

1,640

1,790

1,890

1,910

1,640

Sept.

1,530

1,310

1,280

1,490

2,020

2,150

2,020

1,780

1,540

1,440

1,540

2,290

2,020

1,840

1,540

1,600

2,780

3,450

3,360

9 780

2,570

2,360

2,290

2,360

2.500

2,430

2,150

1,840

1,780

3,020

NoTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 9 to Apr. 4; discharge ascertained by means of 

gage heights, five discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 3,100 square miles.]

Month.

March. ........................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

September. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,260 

5,580 

11,600 

13,300 

12,000 

18,500 

31,700 

19,300 

13,700 

10,700 

13,000 

3,450

31, 700

Minimum.

1,870 

3,490 2, sea

1,950 

2,470 

 ?,030 

9,470 

5,080 

4,840 

2,380 

1,500 

1,280

1,280

Mean.

3,000 

4,510 

4,450 

4,420 

5,190 

3,540 

17,200 

9,550 

8,640 

5,190 

3,330 

2,100

5,910

Per

square 

mile.

0.968 

1.45 

1.44 

1.43 

1.67 

1.14 

5.55 

3.08 

2.79 

1.67 

1.07 

.677

1.91

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.12

1.62 

1.66 

1.65 

' 1.80 

1.31 

6.19 

3.55 

^ 11-

1.92 

1.23 

.76

25.92
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT StTNDERLAND. MASS.

LOCATION. At the five-span steel highway bridge at Sunderland, Franklin County, 

on the road leading to South Deerfield, about 18 miles in a direct line and 24 

miles by river above dam at Holyoke. Deerfield River enters the Connecticut 

from the west about 8 miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 31, 1904, to September 30, 1916. From 1880 to 1899 

records were obtained at Holyoke, Mass.

GAGES. Chain on downstream side of bridge read by V. Lawer. Sanborn waterstage recorder on left bank, installed September 3,1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep, with bottom of coarse gravel and alluvial 

deposits. Control at low stages not well defined but practically permanent; at 

high stages the control is evidently the crest of the dam at Holyoke,

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.75 feet at 7 

a. m. April 3 (discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, 71,900 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 1.25 feet at 11.30 p. m. September 10 (discharge, 1,350 second-feet).

1904-1916: Maximum stage, 30.7 feet during the night of March 28, 1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, computed from extension of 

rating curve, 101,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.6 foot September 28, 1914 (discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, 700 

second-feet).

ICE. The river usually freezes over early in the winter but the ice is likely to break 

up at times of sudden rises in stage and at those times it occasionally forms ice 

jams at Northampton, 10 miles below the station, causing several feet of backwater at the gage.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow affected by operation of power plants" at Vernon, 

Vt., Turners Falls, Mass., and on Deerfield River and Millers River. The effect 

of the regulation is shown by low water at the gage on Sundays and Mondays.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is 

present. Rating curve well defined between 1,500 and 70,000 second-feet. 

Chain gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean of daily gage heights to rating table. Results good except for 

periods of extremely high and low stages and for times of ice effect, for which 

they are fair.

Discharge "measurements of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Bate.

Jan. 22

Feb. 1

4

Made byPierce and Barnes......

R. S. Barnes...........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

09.03

ol6.9

«15.9

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,500

46,800

33,500

Date.

Mar. 24

31

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

08.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,490

50,900

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 77

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 80,1916.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31.. .. ........

Oct.

6,720

5,620

4,210

3,670

6,490

6., 270

6,950

7,420

6,270

6,050

7,660

6,950

5,410

5,410

6,050

6 490

4,590

6,050

5,620

5,620

5,830

7,180

4,030

3,020

4,400

4,790

5,410

6,490

4,400

Nov.

4,790

6,050

6,720

6,720

7,420

7,420

6,950

 ? <W1

5,620

4,790

4,590

5,830

5,620

4,210

4 4on

7,420

7,910

10,100

9 9At\

11,300

11,700

8

fin/\

11 300

9 240

8,420

8,160

8,960

7,420

4,400

7,180

Dec.

9,520

9,240

10,700

10,700

6,490

4,400

7,660

6,490

5,830

5,410

8,960

7,660

5,200

5,830

4 QQO

4,590

4,400

4,400

18,100

11,000

12,000

11,700

11,700

9,810

8,420

23,600

35,300

QO AflA

25,600 IQ onrt

17,400

Jan.

15,300

14,000

10,700

11,700

12,600

11,300

13,000

11,700

8,960

8,420

10,100

9,520

7,910

9,520

7,180

6,490

10,700

11,000

7,180

7,180

8

QOA

16,700

18,100

17,400

17,000

23,600

40 000

61,' 200

57,200

51,000

Feb.

47,000

42,200

38,500

34,000

31,600

24,400

25,600

25,200

17,000

18,400

17,400

17,000

11,700

11 300

1Q RfV)

11,700

14,300

17,000

IQ Qrtft

8,760

4,210

10,400

19 firtft

14,700

17,000

34 800

41,000 QO «nn

9fi &nn

.......

Mar.

22,500

20,300

18,400

16,700

16,400

7,910

12,300

19 «nn

12,300

11,000

11,000

8,690

ft QRA

11,000

10,300

9,520

11,000

5,830

5,200

8,420

8,420

O QftA

Q Qfifl

10 400

5,620

6,950

16,000

o/i nnA

33 600

5,460

Apr.

58,200

62,800

70,100

61,500

53,900

51,000

45,900

34,400

32,800

31,200

33,600

QQ rtflft

38,100

37,700

37,700

41,000

41,800

43 000

44 700

42,600

45,900

Cft KAft

EQ QflO

50,300

45 900

43,500

39 000

.......

May.

37,300

34,400

32,800

30,400

29,600

27,200

27,200

18,800

23,300

21,400

19,900

17,000 IQ tynn

10,100

8,420

14,700

20,600

43,900

45,900

dn fion

34,800

31,200

oe Oflfl

22,900

91 'Tfirt

21,000

18,400

19 Ann

9,810 19 Ann

13,000

June.

13,300

14,000

14,700

17,000

15,700

17,400

21,700

21,700

22,900

21,400

22,900

24,800

OC AtV)

26,000

24 000

18,100

21,000

29,600

26,800 98 Ann

29,200

24,800

24,000

17,400

16,000

15,300

16,000

16,000

14,300

19 fiftfl

July.

12,600

10,100

10,100

16,700

16,000

20,600

21,400

16,400

11,300

13,300

11,000

10,100

12,600

11,300

6,050

7,420

10,100

7 oin

5,830

9,810

7 910

ft QRA

6 490

19 ftftft

12,000

19,500

17 400

15,700

10,700

9,520

Aug.

9,530

8,160

5,200

4 000

5,200

2,720

3,850

4 TQft

4,990

9,240

9,810

16,000

17 4ftfl

10,700

8,160

7,910

5,830

5,200

3,170

3,330

4,590

4,400

5,200

5,620

3,850

2,320

3,330

4,790

5,830

5,200

Sept.

4,590

4,790

3,170

2,450

3,850

5,200

4,210

4,030

2,870

2,080

3,020

4,590

4,590

4,030

4 ?on

14,000

11,700

8,420

6,270

7,180

6,270

6,720

6,270

3,330

6 4an

6,950

6,050

5,620

8,420

NOTE. Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Apr. 2; discharge ascertained by means of gage 

heights, five discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with records of flow at Orford 

and Turners Palls.

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 8,000 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. . ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,660 

11,700 

35,300 

61,200 

47,000 

54,600 

70,100 

45,900 

29,600 

21,400 

17,400 

14,000

70,100

Minimum.

3,020 

3,500 

4,400 

7,180 

4,210 

5,620 

31,200 

8,420 

12,600 

5,830 

2,320 

2,080

2,080

Mean.

5,690 

7,200 

11,600 

16,900 

21,900 

13,700 

46,000 

24,100 

20,400 

11,900 

6,370 

5,650

15,900

Per 

square 

mile.

0.711 

0.900 

1.45 

2.11 

2.74 

1.71 

5.75 

3.01 

2.55 

1.49 

.796 

.706

1.99

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.82 

1.00 

1.67 

2.43 

2.96 

1.97 

6.42 

3.47 

2.84 

1.72 

.92 

.79

27.01
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

PASSTTMPSIC RIVER AT PIERCE'S HILLS, NEAR ST. JOHNSBURY, VT.

LOCATION. At suspension footbridge Just below Pierce's mills, about 2 miles below 

mouth of Sheldon Branch, 4 miles above mouth of Moose River, and 5 miles north 

of St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 237 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 26, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Staff, in two sections; low-water section a vertical staff bolted to ledge just 

above bridge; high-water section an inclined staff bolted to ledge below bridge; 

read by Joseph Cox.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge or by wading below the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of ledge rock partly covered wi.th gravel 

and alluvial deposits. At high stages the control is probably at the dam near 

Centervale.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.9 feet at 7 a. m. 

March 31 (discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, 3,210 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded during year, 1.4 feet at 5.30 p. m. August 19 

(discharge, 109 second-feet).

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 14.8 feet during the night of March 27, 

1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge not computed); minimum stage recorded, zero flow at various times due to water being held back by 

mills.

ICE. River freezes over at the control, causing the stage-discharge relation to be 

seriously affected; ice jams occasionally form below the gage.

REGULATION. There is a small diurnal fluctuation caused by the operation of Pierce's 

mills, just above station, and by other mills farther upstream. The effect of the 

diurnal fluctuation was studied by means of a portable automatic gage from 

August 16 to September 11,1914. Although the results obtained from twice-a-day 

gage heights were found to be occasionally in error for individual days, yet the 

values of mean discharge for the period as determined from twice-a-day gage 

heights and from hourly values were found to be identical.

ACCURACY. The stage-discharge relation has remained practically permanent, but 

individual discharge measurements frequently show a large percentage of error, 

probably due to fluctuation in stage during the measurement. Rating curve 

fairly well denned below 2,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage 

heights. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., 

during the year ending Sept, 30,1916.

[Made by R. S. Barnes.]

Date.

Dec. 16...... .....................

Feb. 9..........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

ol.79

62.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

213

326

Date.

Mar. 26...........................

height.

Feet. 

62.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

191

a Partly frozen over at control. Stage-discharge relation not affected. 

6 Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 79

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce1 s mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. .............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. ./...........

30..............

31..............

Oct.

189

202

260

202

260

500

290

2301

230

202

189

176

176

176

245

216

176

176

202

460

305

290

230

202

202

189

9Qn

216

202

216

260

Nov.

216

216

202

216

216

202

202

202

189

202

189

176

189

189

-230

320

230

189

164

530

405

320

275

230

189

176

189

230

230

460

Dec.

305

202

260

202

202

189

176

176

189

164

176

176

216

176

202

176

176

260

560 ?fln

290 94n

202

230

9Qfl

1,660

1,410

870

530

530

405

Jan.

460

530 eon

d.fif\

460

*nfl

fiflft

500 wo

360

290

290

230

275

202

202

152

202

176

176

164

202

750

640

530

600

TOO

2,060

1,760

1,220

1,170

Feb.

1,410

1,120 oin

750

670

600

530

360

360

290

290

260

260

260

260

202

176

176

176

176

176

152

130

152

152

560

950

910

750

Mar.

670

600

560

460

460

390

360

290

290

290

290

320

290

290

230

202

176

152

176

152

130 i^n

130

130 iin

152

260

600

1,760

2,660

3,140

Apr.

2,360

2,360

1,220

950

750

710

790

750

710

600

710

910

830

1,000

790

oin

1,170

2,060

1,760

1,080

670

1,220

2,240

1,510

1,310

1,170

950

910

830

830

May.

830

750

670

1,000

670

600

530

500

500

460

500

420

375

340

320

420

1,220

2,480

1,170

790

600

530

500

460

420

390

OCA

320

340

500

870

June.

530

390

320

1,310

910

750

560

460

420

600

oin

670

530

670

460

390

460

460

460

1,000

600

dfiO

375

320

305

360

275

640

420

Sim

July.

320

275

san

750

640

405

320

710 <w\

340

420

360

500

320

94 5

230

290

260

230

202

176

202

830

360

260

216 wn

230

202

189

275

Aug.

94 »

176

164

164

164

IfiQ

152

164

I

CftA.

1 660

670

cnfl

360

290

230

ono

ISO

176

141

152

141

152

152

176

164

164

 152

202

230

189

202

Sept.

152

245

OQft

176

216

202

176

176

460

230

176

152

152

141

152

530

94 fi

189

202

152

164

141

164

176

176

152

152

130

152

2,060

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 9-25, Feb. 4-27, and Mar. 3-28; discharge ascertained by means of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Passumpsic River at Pierce 1 s "mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., for 

me year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 237 square miles.]

Month. '

February. .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

500 

530 

1,660 

2,060 

1,410 

3,140 

2,360 

2,480 

1,310 

830 

1,660 

2,060

3,140

Minimum.

176 

164 

164 

152 

130 

130 

600 

320 

275 

176 

141 

130

130

Mean.

235 

239 

365 

544 

454 

512 

1,140 

640 

550 

370 

306 

261

466

Per

square 

mile.

0.992 

1.01 

1.54 

2.30 

1.92 

2.16 

4.81 

2.70 

2.32 

1.56 

1.29 

1.10

1.97

Run-off 

(depth in 

incnes on 

drainage 

area).

1.14 

1.13 

1.78 

2.65 

2.07 

2.49 

5.37 

3.11 

2.59 

1.80 

1.49 

1.23

26.85
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT.

LOCATION. About 500 feet above the highway bridge in the village of West Hartford, 

Windsor County, and 7 miles above the mouth of the river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 687 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 9, 1915, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank; read by F. P. Morse.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 1,500 feet below the gage or by wading. 

' CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and of fairly uniform cross section at measuring section; covered with gravel and small boulders. Control formed by rock 

ledge 100 feet below the gage, and well defined.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded from June 9,1915, to September 

30, 1916, 10.7 feet at 7 a. m. April 2, 1916 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 10,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.33 feet at 6 

a. m. August 29, 1916 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 40 

second-feet). The high water of March 27, 1913, reached a stage of 18.9 feet, 

as determined from reference mark on scale platform opposite gage (discharge 

not determined).

ICE. River freezes over at the gage; control remains partly open, although ice on the 

rocks and along the shore affects the stage-discharge relation for short periods.

REGULATION. There are several power plants on main stream and tributaries above 

the station, the nearest being that of the Vermont Copper Co. at Sharon; the 

operation of this plant causes a small diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is 

present. Rating curve fairly well defined between 150 and 5,000 second-feet. 

Staff gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying rating table to mean daily gage heights. Results good.

Discharge measurements of White River at West Hartford, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 30r 1916.

Date.

Nov. 22

21

Jan. 11

Feb. 7

15

Mar. 20

21

Made by 

C.H. Pierce............

R. S.Barnes...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.17

3.52

4.10

o4.35

o5.04

4.08

3

QQ

3.96

Discharge.

. Sec.-ft. 

715

376

718

748

936

668

617

627

Date.

Apr. 7

86

96

20

21

25

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

6.59

6.12

6.22

6.56

6.45

7.30

1 7(1

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,170

2,220

2,310

3,280

3,090

4,230

2,120

a Stage discharge relation affected by ice. 

b Measurement of doubtful accuracy.
CONNECTICUT EIVER BASIN. 81

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

5........'......

6..............

7.... ..........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

210

225

275

337

9Q3

410

410

315

275

240

240

225

210

195

257

410

315

295

275

315

315

275

225

225

257

257

295

275

275

875

Nov.

337

315

295

295

295

295

295

97 «;

275

275

295

257

257

275

315

597

487

337

460

880

880

745

597

515

435

385

410

385

487

685

Dec.

625

460

515

487

OCA

385

Qflfl

295

257

295

315

410

360

275

275

275

295

360

597

950

715

542

460

487

542

2.960

2,310

1.740

1,270

1,100

915

Jan.

71 E;

Q5ft

QfJfl

915 o-in

1.180

1

KA(\

1,100

950

777

745

745

745

715

Tit\

515

K49

542

515

487

542

715

2,310

2,310

1,640

1,540

3,680

7,820

4,130

2,430

2,690

Feb.

4.130

2 Qfifl

2,070

1,450

QOt

985 oaf;

810

810

810

01 A

625

685

625

715

745

777 iif\

715

AOK

542

597

655

625

845

1.180

3,380

1,740

1,450

Mar.

1 360

I.'STO

1,180

1 ISA

1,100

1.020

915

1,100

950

810

71 f\

810

810

745

625

597

/JOE

570

597

flOE

625

570

U9

542

570

685

' 845

1,360

2,190

3,680

5,080

Apr.

6,080

8 onn

4,760

3,830

2 QAO

3 91O

3

OQA

2 RQA

2 AQO

2 1^O

2 AQO

3 940

3,240

3,240

2 Qftfl

3,240

3

OQA

4,440

3,680

3 OOA

2,960

3,100

5,570

6,080

4,440

3.980

3,380

2.960

2,690

2,960

May.

2 QAD

2 Kfif\

i ofift

2,070

1 850

1 640

1*540

1*540

I 1, 540

1 360

1,180

1,020

950

915

880

845

2,820

5,910

3,100

2,310

1,960

1,640

1,740

1,740

1,450

1,270

1,180

1,020

1,100

1,020

1,850

June.

1

1QA

Qen

915

1 fidO

1 d%I\

1,360

1 1 aft

1,020

1 97O

1 740

I

QOA

i Qfin

1,740

1,740

1 360

1.270

I

ocfi

2,310

1,960

2 fiQO

1,960

1,640

1,360

1,180

1,180

1,270

1,020

1,540

1,180

1,020

July.

OAK

 74 K

1 A40

1 360

1

? KJ A

1,270

AKA

OAK

71*

AK*?

655

597

745

625

570

435

515

410

435

OCA

315

487

1,100

810

597

542

515

655

460

385

360

Aug.

315

275

9H7

275

OC7

240

195

OAK

225

OK7

97 "I

OvtA

225 991;

210

169

195

168

180

195

9Qt

295

156

148

142

142

on

195

180

Sept.

IfiK

142

177

174

1 'U?

14O

1^

165

174

128

159

120

Od

108

108

295

9^n

240

225 list

195

130

122 in

177

168

174

171

 145

1,020

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 10-21 and Feb. 4-14; discharge ascertained by means 

of gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 687 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

410 

880 

2,960 

7,820 

4,130 

5,080 

8,900 

5,910 

2,690 

1,640 

315 

1,020

8,900

Minimum.

195 

257 

257 

487 

542 

542 

2,430 

845 

915 

315 

90 

94

' 90

Mean.

280 

. 421 

684 

1,480 

1,180 

1,110 

3,770 

1,770 

1,500 

714 

217 

193

1,110

Per 

square 

mile.

0.408 

.613 

.996 

2.15 

1.72 

1.62 

5.49 

2.58 

2.18 

1.04 

.316 

.281

1.62

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.47 

.68 

1.15 

2.48 

1.86 

1.87 

6.12 

2.97 

2.43 

1.20 

.36 

.31

21.90

99282° 18 WSP 431 6
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

ASHTTELOT RIVER AT HHTSDALE, N. H.

LOCATION. At the lower steel highway bridge about a quarter of a mile below dam 

of Fisfc Paper Co. and li miles above mouth of river at Hinsdale, Cheshire County.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 440 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 22, 1907, to December 31, 1909, and July 11, 1914, 

to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge; read by T. W. Golden.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered with coarse gravel and boulders. Control 

is a short distance below gage and is practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the period July 11,1914, 

to September 30, 1916, 7.5 feet at 5 p. m. February 26, 1915 (discharge from 

extension of rating curve, 5,190 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.0 feet at 

4 p. m. October 4,1914 (discharge from extension of rating curve, 10 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms below bridge on control, affecting stage-discharge relation for short 

periods.

REGULATION. The mills immediately above the station are operated continuously, 

except on Sundays and holidays, and cause some fluctuation in stage. Storage 

in mill ponds above has some effect on the distribution of flow.

ACCURACY.- Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when ice is 

present. Rating curve fairly well defined below 4,000 second-feet. Gage read 

to hundredths twice daily. Discharge ascertained by applying mean of twicedaily gage heights to rating table.

Discharge measurements of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H., during the years ending

Sept. 30, 1915-1916.

Date.

1914. 

Nov. 7

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

9 79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

88

Date.

1916.

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. ' 

553

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H.,for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1914-1916.

Day.

1914.

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

10............

July. Aug.

115

68

86

102

72

129

96

Qi

55

106

Sept.

231

17Q

155

150

124

54

94

86

104

Day.

1914. 

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

1Q

20............

July.

145

on

209

179

139

132

142

124

86

129

Aug.

118

155

137

139

158

120

170

122

124

115

Sept.

88

65

49

102

129

106

111

96

142

55

Day.

1914. 

21............

22.............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

July.

115

142

120

96

106

82

161

98

Qfi

132

111

Aug.

139

185

129

209

182

145

185

155

185

118

255

Sept..

68

129

82

98

62

94

98

45

68

98
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 83

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H.,for the years ending 

Sept. 30,1914-1916 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1. .............

2..............

3... ...........

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20.........:....

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29....:.........

30..............

31..............

1915-16. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..... ........

23..............

24.............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

90

139

134

36

142

134

124

68

34

134

55

106

134

124

98

111

102

209

106

111

127

86

79

96

118

96

77

75

94

65

191

200

96

300

400

400

350

310

286

200

278

239

273

255

239,

215

264

255

239

260

273

215

155

129

161

170

278

375

375

264

255

Nov.

34

65

79

90

96

75

90

86

102

134

150

82

65

68

111

155

170

155

161

150

179

106

111

127

106

72

68

75

51

94

245

235

215

235

215

235

150

191

150

161

134

161

170

86

191

350

400

300

340

375

375

460

460

390

325

264

239

215

182

278

Dec.

142

102

90

170

155

120

203

170

185

118

185

161

115

155

111

82

111

96

111

90

127

90

102

104

52

52

52

49

55

55

170

350

375

340

273

200

167

197

223

155

182

209

264

286

255

223

203

265

325 -900

1,100

1,050

900

900

900

730

1,260

2,200

3,140

2,860

1,910

1,210

Jan.

142

111

46

111

106

170

555

490

296

400

310

350

460

350

282

179

161

660

1,790

2,440

2,300

660

375

264

278

375

375

340

340

291

310

855

 60

730

666

520

400

300

243

223

197

255

490

730

590

555

520

555

590

695

1,000

1.160

1,380

1,670

1,430

1,320

1,430

1,790

1,910

2,040

1,790

1,320

Feb.

460

460

460

520

4nn

400

520

520

400

400

400

325

278

300

400

1,380

1,670

1,380

1,050

660

350

325

950

730

3,860

5,000

4,150

2,720

1,490

1,000

1,050

1,000

1,000

1,000

900

730

555

460

325

215

206

215

300

255

300

375

255

255

278

300

235

325

400

2,040

2,720

2,720

2,170

Mar.

1,670

1,430

770

770

590

520

440

350

340

490

460

375

350

300

400

430

4 fin

375

320

300

310

239

330

350

345

320

239

350

340

350

330

1,790

1,320

1,050

810

695

730

660

730

660

630

590

520

460

400

300

300

291

291

350

400

430

460

460

460

460

460

490

520

1.790

3,290

3,860

Apr.

310

305

282

291

<?ift

264

350

430

520

810

1,100

2,170

2,440

2,300

1,550

950

730

625

345

330

400

460

490

400

375

460

460

375

340

695

4,010

4,440

3,860

3,220

2,580

2,440

2,300

2,170

1,910

1,670

1,670

1,430

1,380

1,610

1,790

2,170

2,170

2,240

2,300

2,720

2,580

2.300

2,440

2. 860

3,290

3,000

2,300

2,040

2,170

1,670

May.

1,100

1,430

1,380

1,380

1,050

810

660

695

590

520

520

490

400

350

340

320

330

400

350

345

264

255

215

200

185

170

191

243

212

134

152

1,610

1,320

1,10Q

1,000

950

855

730

770

770

695

625

590

590

520

555

490

695

1,490

2,170

1,670

1,260

950

900

730

810

810

660

590

520

590

Mm

June.

170

191

179

179

155

72

96

111

142

209

150

179

111

118

124

161

170

161

124

68

161

129

161

142

122

134

90

124

142

170

520

' 460

460

660

900

1,160

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,160

1,430

1,670

1,430

1 430

1,320

1,210

1,320

1,430

1,670

1,910

2,040

2,300

1,380

1,100

810

770

810

730

695

660

July.

273

520

1,050

1,320

1,050

810

660

900

4,870

4,150

3,290

2,300

1,260

960

660

625

660

730

810

660

770

660

590

460

590

278

430

660

660

770

730

625

625

660

730

695

770

660

590

430

400

350

350

340

320

350

235

188

200

167

161

155

247

330

375

350

375

2,860

2,170

1,670

1,380

1,000

Aug.

695

660

660

1,910

3,580

3,000

730

810

1,430

1,260

1,430

1,320

1,320

1,210

1,050

900

855

810

660

625

625

695

950

950

790

625

490

490

400

350

350

625

282

231

264

310

300

243

223

320

400

400

350

330

286

310

310

310

273

264

227

179

155

231

520

660

660

590

400

400

345

375

Sept.

350

300

291

264

155

185

179

191

155

158

142

60

203

209

247

191

155

161

60

179

223

730

540

340

350

129

179

223

235

215

460

400

400

273

296

273

255

300

264

255

260

215

200

161

300

2,170

2,300

2,040

1,320

770

660

490

590

730

1,000

520

460

460

460

730

. ,,. . .

15-21, Feb. 3-25, Mar. 8-14,1916. Discharge ascertained by correcting gage heights for backwater by means 

of observer's notes and climatic data.
84

Monthly di

SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 

1914-1916.

[Drainage area, 440 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

July 11-31.................. ...................

August................... ..... ....

September ....................................

1914-15. 

October.......................... ....... ....

November. ....................................

December ................ ..... . .... ...

March.................... . ..... ..... ....

April ......................................:...

June. ............................ ............

July. ...................................

August................... ......

September ....................... ....... ....

The year ................................

1915-16. October ..........

November. ......... ..... ...

December ........................ ....... ....

January.......... ......

February......................... ....... ....

March........... . .

April..................... . ... . .....

June. ............ ....

July...........................................

August........... . . . 

September............... ......

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

209 

255 

231

209 

179 

203 

2,440 

5,000 

1,670 

2,440 

1,430 

209 

4.870 

3,580 

730

5,000

400 

460 

3,140 

2,040 

2,720 

3,860 

4,440 

2,170 

2,300 

2,860 

660 

2,300

4,440

Minimum.

82 

55 

45

34 

34 

49 

46 

278 

239 

264 

134 

68 

273 

350 

60

34

96 

86 

155 

197 

206 

291 

1,380 

490 

460 

155 

155 

161

86

Mean.

125 

134 

102

103 

104 

115 

494 

1,090 

470 

696 

506 

142 

1,100 

1,020 

233

504

255 

258 

760 

903 

796 

828 

2,420 

888 

1,150 

637 

348 

634

820

Per 

square 

mile.

a 284 

.305 

.232

.234 

.236 

.264 

1.12 

2.48 

1.07 

1.58 

1.15 

.323 

2.50 

2.32 

.530

1.15

a 580 

.586 

1.73 

2.05 

1.81 

1.88 

5.50 

2.02 

2.61 

1.45 

.791 

1.44

1.86

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

a 21

.35 

.26

.27 

.26 

.30 

1.29 

2.58 

1.23 

1.76 

1.33 

.36 

2.88 

2.68 

.59

15.53

0.67 

.65 

1.99 

2.36 

1.95 

2.17 

6.14 

2.33 

2.91 

1.67 

.91 

1.61

25.36

MILLERS RIVER HEAR WINCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge known as Nolans Bridge, about half a mile 

below the mouth of Sip Pond Brook and 2 miles west of Winchendon, Worcester 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 80.0 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 5 to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge read by Arthur Lehman. Foxboro water-stage recorder installed July 27, 1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered with gravel and alluvial deposits. Control 

for low and medium stages is about 100 feet below gage, and is clearly defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the period June 5 to 

September 30, 5.53 feet at 6 p. m. June 19 (discharge by extension of rating curve, 

677 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during period, 2.81 feet at 6 p. m. 

July 2 and 7 a. m. July 17 (discharge by extension of rating curve, 14 secondfeet).

REGULATION. The distribution of flow is affected by operation of power plants at 

Winchendon and by storage in Lake Monomonac and other reservoirs.
CONNECTICUT BIVER BASIN. 85

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation apparently permanent. Bating curve fairly 

well defined between 20 and 300 second-feet. Chain gage read to hundredth^ 

twice daily. Operation of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory, but sufficient 

records were obtained by it to indicate that the mean gage height from chain 

gage readings represented fairly well the mean for the day. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean of twice-daily gage heights to rating table. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Millers River near Winchendon, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

May 22

30

30

July 28

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

4.13

3.64

3.93

4.23

4.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

226

160

172

249

324

Date.

Aug. 8

23

23,

24

Made byEC. W. Fear ............

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

h».

Feet. 

3.74

2.97

2.98

3.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

137

23.2

24.0

90

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Millers River near Winchendon, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. ..............

2. ............. .

3.. .............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

June.

135

125

123

Q9

125

133

o!80

402

399

330

243

July.

59

ol5

133

99

200

123

135

Q9

o37

99

172

105

inn

95

68

Aug.

91

86

84

102

39

a 30

80

89

80

78

63

61

o33

58

109

^

Sept.

63

50

o27

22

46

73

68

60

42

o22

48

66

71

59

125

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

91

22............... <w

24...............

25...............

26...............

97

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

June.

188

357

o249

504

300

165

288 IQ>;

07

<»99

288

208

178

137

117

July.

»15

82

80

71

55

CO

«41

At)

111

58

86

11i

208

o83

14Q

Aug.

77

54*LA

29

35

39

48

74

31

44

»19

52

41

77

QQ

Sept.

220

a 73 MQ

188

109

78

68

105

o!49

330

185

84

t 83

95

178

o Sunday.

Monthly discharge of Millers River near Winchendon, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 80 square miles.]

Month.

June 5-30.. ....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

504 

354 

109 

330

Minimum.

92 

15 

19 

22

Mean.

218 

103 

60.9 

97.8.

Per 

square 

mile.

2.72 

1.29 

.761 

1.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.63 

1.49 

.88 

1.36
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

MILLERS RIVER AT ERVING, MASS.

LOCATION. At downstream end of chair factory at Erving, Franklin County, about 

8 miles above the confluence of Millers River with Connecticut River and below 

all important tributaries.

DRAINAGE AREA. 372 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 1, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Vertical staff attached to downstream end of factory; read by C. H. Gary. 

Automatic water-stage recorder installed in gage house on right bank July 1,1915; 

gage heights referenced to gage datum by a hook gage inside the well.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL ANB CONTROL. Channel covered with coarse gravel and boulders; control 

section is a short distance below the gage and is practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

4.95 feet at 8.15 a. m. April 2 (discharge, 3,830 second-feet); minimum stage 

during year from water-stage recorder, 0.95 foot at noon December 14 (discharge, 

4.5 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 5.6 feet at 4 p. m. February 25, 1915 

(discharge, 5,160 second-feet); 1 minimum stage, practically no flow at various 

times during 1915, water being held back by dams above the gage.

ICE. River freezes over below the gage at various times during the winter; ice considerably broken by rising and falling stages due to power operation.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow affected by operation of various power plants and 

storage reservoirs above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is 

present. Rating curve well defined below 4,000 second-feet. Staff gage read 

to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage heights from water-stage recorder to rating table. For periods when 

continuous gage-height record was not obtained the staff gage records were used 

with corrections as determined by various comparisons with the water-stage 

recorder. Results good, except for times of ice effect, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Millers River at Erving, Mass., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Date.

Oct. 3

31

Jan. 6

7 

7

21

Feb. 2

2 

3

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

E. 8. Barnes...........

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.59

3.61

23.63

3.15 

3.29 

3.25

23.20

3.85

3.68 

3.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

94

1,440

1.300

907 

'969 

908

555

1,670

1,490 

1,200

Date.

Feb. 3

Mar. 20

21

Apr. 2 

3 

5

6

6

Aug. 10

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.45

2.92

3.04

4.96 

4.94 

4.33

4.24

4.14

2.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,200

720

$19

3,850 

3,820 

2,530

2,280

2,110

444

o Stage discharge relation affected by ice.

»Supersedes maximum published in Water-Supply Paper 415.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN". 87

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Millers River at Eroing, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

224

176

147

305

213

355

213

330

272

232

264

248

256

228

248

355

141

276

410

325

310

292

330

48

260

202

198

209

205

74

Nov.

252

187

190

ton

260

9O9

44

166

180

198

190

173

41

240

9^K

268

240

280

>wn

440

365

oeft

335

248

284

248

187

236

240

Dec.

280

268

252

220

101

244

213

220

236

240

232

63

272

202

288

430

456

450

700

oco

860

860

7Ofi

748

644

1,220

2,410

1,850

i <v>n

1,260

1,220

Jan.

1,250

812

852

941

708

740

836

1,050

1,230

1,850

1,030

860

724

724

700

570

700

570

510

510

450

510

1,050

860

846

914

1,150

1 540 i ifin

1,270

1 9W

Feb.

1,260

1,200

1,130

1,050

950

700

700

950

860

630

630

510

510

630

630

570

450

510

510

450

450

450

450

510

510

2,710

2 (wn

S ojn

9 (wn

Mar.

2,240

1,720

1,340

1,180

960

941

844

708

788

724

679

686

672

693

582

558

740

Q9?

672

658

618

564

606

716

606

644

7RA.

1,370

1,630

2,240

3

*>Art

Apr.

3,590

3,710

3,470

2,920

2,420

2,160

1,880

1,690

1,490

1,450

1 ^M

1,760

1,910

1,910

1,990

1,840

1,800

1,720

1,450

1,380

1 240

l'l70

1 >Wft

1,910

2,070

1,780

1,680

1,470

1 480

1*390

May.

1,350

1,150

1,010

950

932

828

672

772

844

852

756

651

612

425

510

582

1,000 1 oon

1 8IY1

i 3on

1,020

1,050

860

905

820

686

679

480

570

510

570

June.

618

558

480

450

435

644

686

672

612

700.

878

1,190

1,120

923

852

740

941

1,320

1,470

1 440

1,260

1,120

990

686

570

onz

960

820 fioa

522

July.

540

425

395

618

658

716

606

522

450

528

522

558

445

474

390

280

345

320

370

300

355

410

252

445

486

510

1,000

1,520

1,410

1,040

780

Aug.

686

534

504

385

375

300

335

276

492

430

425

380

310

340

335

310

330

272

190

81

272

288

202

292

445

340

198

375

380

405

3fift

Sept.

360

264

166

160

228

236

205

244

240

116

244

205

220

183

390

1,120

1,030 -780

796

700

498

410

480

828

869

748

606

516

420

700

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 15-24 and Feb. 4-25, 1916; discharge ascertained 

by means of gage heights, one discharge measurement, observer's notes regarding ice conditions, and 

weather records.

Monthly discharge of Millers River at Erring, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 372 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

November. ....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September.... . ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

410 

540 

2,410 

1,850 

3,240 

3,360 

3,710 

1,990 

1,470 

1,520 

686 

1,120

3,710

Minimum.

48 

41 

63 

450 

450 

558 

1,170 

425 

435 

252 

81 

116

41

Mean.

243 

244 

633 

922 

1,000 

1,010 

1,930 

878 

842 

570 

350 

465

755

Per 

square 

mile.

0.653 

.656 

1.70 

2.48 

2.69 

2.72 

5.19 

2.36 

2.26 

1.53 

.941 

1.25

2.03

Run-off 

(depth to 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.75 

.73 

1.96 

2.86 

2.90 

3.14 

5.79 

2.72 

2.52 

1.76 

1.08 

1.40

27.61

SIP POND BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. About 50 feet above highway bridge one-fourth mile below the Massachusetts-New Hampshire State line, 1J miles below the outlet of Sip Pond, and 

3 miles northwest of Winchendon, Worcester County.
SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

DRAINAGE AREA. 18.8 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 29 to September 30,1916.

GAGES. Sloping staff gage on right bank; read by W. G. Greenall. Stevens 8-day 

water-stage recorder temporarily installed June 30, used except when removed 

for safety at times of high water.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and covered with boulders immediately 

above and below gage. Control clearly defined. Considerable aquatic vegetation in the channel during summer months.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the period May 29 to 

September 30, 3.71 feet at 4 p. m. July 28 (discharge by extension of rating 

curve, 82 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during period, 1.88 feet at 7 a. m. 

September 15 (discharge by extension of rating curve, 5 second-feet).

REGULATION. The distribution of flow is considerably affected by operation of mills 

at State Line, N. H., and by storage in Pearly Pond and Sip Pond.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly at about the time of installation of water-stage recorder; two rating curves have been used, one applicable 

May 22 to June 29, and the other July 30 to September 30; curves practically 

parallel, differing by 0.10 foot in gage height, and fairly well defined between 

9 and 60 second-feet. Sloping staff gage read to hundredths twice daily. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory from the time of its installation June 30, 

except when it was removed for safety at times of high water. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Ma-17 99

30

30

July 24

Made by 

HardinThweatt.......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.99

2.22

2.32

2.45

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

51

16.6

20.9

22 8

20.7

Date.

Aug. 8

8

24

Sept. 17

Made by 

H.W. Pear. ...........

Hardin Thweatt. ......

H.W.Fear. ...........

HardinThweatt.......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.30

2.36

2.11

2 62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

16.5

18.1

9.8

28.7

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ..............

2.................

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.... ...I.........

9.................

10.................

11.................

12.................

13.................

14.................

15.................

May. June.

22

26

18

14

24

25

24

22

22

25

50

w

52

53

AX

July.

16

14

22

34

41

32

24

17

19

24

18

18

20

16

12

Aug.

30

26

22

19

20

13

16

20

22

20

16

12

10

15

16

Sept.

12

8.5

7.5

12

12

10

6.6

12

5.6

10

10

9.2

8.2

15

Day.

16.................

17.................

18.................

19.................

20.. ...............

21.................

22.................

23.................

24.................

25.................

26.................

27.................

28.................

29.................

30.................

31.................

May.

30

26

30

June.

40

42

56

67

69

65

55

46

30

34

46

42

38

31

21

July.

7.7

12

13

12

9.7

13

14

10

1614'

18

27

94

78

58

45

Aug.

15

15

14

15

8

14

13

1 K

18

15

12

Q 7

16

19

15

11

Se'pt.

37

 3145

44

34

VI

25

91

57

70

53

35

11

29

47

NOTE. Daily discharge based on twice-daily reading of sloping staff gage for the following periods: 

May 29 to June 29, July 28-31, and Sept. 25-27; for all other days water-stage recorder was used.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 89

Monthly discharge of Sip Pond Brook near Winehendon, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 18.8 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

VaTimriTTi30 

69 

94 

30 

70

MiniTniiTn.

26 

14 

7.7 

8.0 

5.6

Mean.

28.7 

38.6 

24.8 

16.2 

25.0

Per 

square 

mile.

1.53 

2.05 

1.322 

.862 

1.33

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

2.29 

1.52 

.99 

1.48

PRIEST BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge 3 miles above confluence of Priest Brook with Miller

River and 3J miles west of Winehendon, Worcester County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 18.8 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 25 to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Sloping staff on left bank 200 feet below highway bridge; read by R. D.

Hutchinson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel above the station is straight, with fairly uniform

section and gravel bottom. Control is formed by the foundation of an old dam

30 feet below the gage and is permanent. 

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the period May 25 to

September 30, 4.26 feet at 7 p. m. July 27 (discharge, 176 second-feet); minimum

stage recorded during period, 2.40 feet at 7 p. m. August 22, 7 p. m. September

11, 7 a. m. and 7 p. m. September 14, and at 7 a. m. September 15 (discharge, by

extension of rating curve, 2.0 second-feet). 

REGULATION. Flow not appreciably affected by regulation. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between

5 and 180 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Priest Brook near Winehendon, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

May 22

30

June 2 

30

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

3.23

3.11

3.09 

2.99

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

33.9

25.6

25.6 

20.4

Date.

July 28

Aug. 8

24 

Sept. 18

Made byEl. W. Fear .............

.....do................. 

Hardin Thweatt .......

«,

Feet.

4.18

2.66

3.08 

3.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

161

6.1

27.0 

65
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.... .............

2.................

3.................

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.................

9.................

10.................

11.................

12.................

13.................

14.................

15.................

May. June.

26

24

17

31

28

24

33

30

27

30

59

36

48

41

32

July.

18

30

AQ

45

33

34

21

99

99

97

99

18

20

18

Aug.

28 '

99

19

28

20

20

8.8

4.8

25

27

18

16

14

18

20

Sept.

& o

7.7

2.6

O e

9 fi

4

O

12

5.6

11

3.8

9 1

3.4

4.0

9 n

8.0

Day.

16.................

17.................

18.................

10

20.................

91

22.................

23.................

94

25.................

26.................

27.................

28.................

29.................

30.................

31.................

May.

33

28

24

20

21

27

33

June.

28

39

70

74

78

72

62

46

38

32

51

46

31

26

22

July.

17

16

16

16

12

16

16

23

20

20

21

85

144

74

41

34

Aug.

12

10

8.0

6.8

15

5.0

3.0

10

23

12

12

3.0

14

16

10

9.6

Sept.

127

62

58

50

40

33

31

35

92

62

47

38

31

31

57

Monthly discharge of Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 18.8 square miles.]

Month.

May 25-31... ................ ....I... ..........

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

33

78 

144 

28 

127

Minimum.

20 

17 

12 

3.0 

2.0

Mean.

26.6 

40.0 

31.2 

14.8 

29.1

Per 

square 

mile.

1.41 

2.13 

1.66 

.786 

1.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

2.38 

1.91 

.91 

1.73

OTTER RIVER NEAR GARDNER, MASS.

LOCATION. At concrete-arch bridge just above outlet of Wilder and Kneeland brooks 

about 1 mile west of Gardner, Worcester County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 20.0 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 28 to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff bolted to downstream side of highway culvert; read by Alfred 

Cavalier.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The growth of aquatic vegetation in the channel during 

the summer months seriously affects the control.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the period June 29 to 

September 30, 2.24 feet at 6.30 a. m. July 28 (discharge, 50 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during period, 0.68 foot at 6.30 p. m. August 17 (discharge, 

8.6 second-feet).

REGULATION. The operation of a filter plant one-fourth mile above the gage causes 

occasional fluctuations in discharge.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by growth of aquatic vegetation, and frequent discharge measurements are required. The form of the standard curve is fairly well defined. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by method of shifting control, applying corrected gage 

heights to rating table for the standard curve. Results fair.
CONNECTICUT EIVER BASIN. 91

Discharge measurements of Otter River near Gardner, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

July 28

Aug. 9

9

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

A

Feet. 

1.61

2.20

1.33

1.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

48.2

47.5

23.0

23.0

Date.

Aiiir 99

26

Sept. 18

Made by 

.....do..................

«.

Feet. 

1.06

1.21

1.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

13.1

20.4

16.9

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter River near Gardner, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1...... ..................

2........................

3........................

4........................

5........................

6........................

7........................

8........................

9. .......................

10........................

11........................

12........................

13........................

14........................

IS........................

June. July.

35

30

30

40

38

42

37

30

25

23

33

38

35

30

30

Aug.

30

31

25

23

20

19

17

1Q

23

22

23

17

15

15

19

Sept.

18

16

19

17

15

14

12

16

17

15

13

15

.12

11

10

Day.

16........................

17........................

18........................

19........................

20........................

21........................

22........................

OO

24........................

25........................

26........................

27........................

28........................

29 .....................

30........................

31........................

June.

48

42

35

July.

28

25

28

31

30

27

31

35

35

33

35

44

48

42

35

31

Aug.

18

9.4

10

14

12

11

12

1^

19

17

15

15

16

20

20

18

Sept.

16

18

18

17

16

17

15

13

16

16

14

17

18

19

25

Monthly discharge of Otter River near Gardner, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 20.0 square miles.]

Month.

July.................... ......................

Discharge in second-feet.

T^faximntn.

48 

48 

31 

25

Minimum.

35 

23 

9.4 

10

Mean.

41.7 

33.4 

18.0 

15.8

Per

square 

mile.

2.08 

1.67 

.900 

.790

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.23 

1.92 

1.04

.88

EAST BRANCH OF TTJXLY RIVER NEAR ATHOL, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge half a mile below the mouth of Lawrence Brook and 

3J miles north of Athol, Worcester County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 50.2 square miles..

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 13 to September 30) 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff on downstream side of right abutment; read by W. A. Thompson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Two channels under bridge, one channel above; about 200 

feet below the gage the channel is divided by an island, and the control sections 

are formed by rocks and boulders in the two channels; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the period June 13 to 

September 30, -2.94 feet at 7 p. m. July 28 (discharge, by extension of rating 

curve, 300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during period, 0.46 foot at 6.30 

a. m. September 15 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, 10 second-feet).
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

DIVEHSIONS. About half a mile below the station water is diverted through a canal 

into Packard Pond. A discharge measurement July 1, 1916, near the outlet 

into Packard Pond, showed a flow of 10.7 second-feet diverted through the canal.

REGULATION. Flow not seriously affected by regulation.

AcctiEACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between 35 and 200 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results good.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

July 1

Aug. 9

Made by 

.....do.................

H.W. Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.32

1.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

151

51

52

Date. Made by 

H.W. Fear. ...........

Hardin Thweatt .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.54

1.86

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

74

121

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1................

3...... ..........

4...... ..........

5................

6................

7................

9................

10................

11................

12................

13................

14................

15................

June.

151

135

117

July.

54

41

57

80

Q9

85

69

M

4Q

54

4Q

43

qc

47

43

Aug.

105

79

59

47

37

31

23

24

50

. 60

47

41

38

41

36

Sept.

26

20

16

15

14

14

16

16

18

14

12

12

11

11

15

Day.

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

June.

100

122

193

200

205

188

159

134

110

96

117

124

103

84

74

July.

28

29

26

20

18

17

18

44

51

44

49

156

289

222

162

129

Aug.

26

21

16

14

14

14

13

13

 64

78

57

38

42

52

44

34

Sept.

228

W1

177

140

112

89

70

76

157

141

110

76

69

61

113

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 50.2 square miles.]

Month.

June 13-30. . ...................................

July............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

205 

289 

105 

231

Minimum.

74 

17 

13 

11

Mean.

134

69.5 

40.6 

69.3

Per 

square 

mile.

2.67 

1.38 

.809 

1.38

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.79 

1.59 

.93 

1.54
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIS'. 93

MOSS BROOK AT WENDELL DEPOT, MASS.

LOCATION. About one-fourth mile above confluence with Millers River and onefourth mile from Wendell Depot, Franklin County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 12.2 square miles.

RECOBDS AVAILABLE. June 7 to September 30, 1916. From June 4 to October 16, 

1909, records were obtained at a station near the mouth of the stream, and from 

April 25 to August 27,1910, at a weir a short distance below the present location.

GAGE. Sloping staff on left bank; read by C. M. Porter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel composed principally of ledge rock and boulders. 

Control permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the period June 7 to 

September 30, 2.16 feet at 8 a. m. June 18 (discharge by extension of rating 

curve, 46 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during period, 0.89 foot at 6.15 

p. m. September 14, and 7.15 a. m. September 15 (discharge by extension of rating 

curve, 1.0 second-foot).

REGULATION. Flow not affected by regulation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well denned between 

4 and 20 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

8

July 1

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage

Feet. 

1.59

1.58

1.39.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

16.0

16.1

9.4

Date.

10

26

Made by 

H. W. Fear.. ..........

Hardin Thweatt .......

H. W. Fear............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.26

1.26

1.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5.8

6.2

4.7

, in second-feet, of Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1916.

- Day.

1. ........ ......

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

June.

20

16

17

22

28

28

22

18

15

July.

9.7

8.1

16

13

12

10

8.1

7.8

11

12

8.6

8.4

8.1

10

8.1

Aug.

8.6

7.0

6.1

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.5

6.1

7.0

, 5.7

4.6

4.8

7.0

5.2

3.5

Sept.

2.5

2.2

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.7

2.0

1.8

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

6.6

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

June.

15

34

44

37

40

30

24

20

15

20

27

21

16

13

11

July.

6.6

6.6

6.6

5.2

A Q

5.2

7 f.

17

12

8.1

15

38

24

17

12

10

Aug.

3.0

 > 7

2.2

2.0

O 1

2.0

1.8

1.7

9.2

5.2

4.2

3.8

5.9

5.7

4.0

3.0

Sept.

36

91

11

10

7.5

6.1

4.8

10

17

11

7.3

5.9

4.8

4.8

10
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Moss Brook, at Wendell Depot, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 12.2 square miles.]

Month.

June 7-30. .....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

44 

38 

9.2 

36

Minimum.

11

4.3 

1.7 

1.0

Mean.

23.0 

11.2 

4.62 

6.83

Per 

square 

mile.

1.89 

.918 

.379 

.560

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.69 

, 1.06 

.44 

.62

DEERFIELD RIVER AT CHARLEMONT, MASS.

LOCATION. One mile below the village of Charlemont, Franklin County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 362 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 19, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank, referenced to gage datum by a hook 

gage inside the well; an outside sloping staff gage is used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered with coarse gravel and boulders; fairly 

uniform section; control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

8.1 feet at 3 p. m. December 26 (discharge, 11,500 second-feet); minimum stage 

during year from water-stage recorder, 1.58 feet at 5 p. m. September 4 (discharge, 

68 second-feet).

1913-1916: Maximum stage, 15.7 feet on July 8, 1915 (discharge computed 

from extension of rating curve, 45,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

1.35 feet on September 21 and November 3,1914 (discharge, 23 second-feet). .

ICE. River usually frozen over during the greater part of the winter; ice jams 

occasionally form below the gage, causing several feet of backwater.

REGULATION. Flow during low and medium stages largely regulated by a storage 

reservoir at Somerset, Vt. Several power plants above the station cause diurnal 

fluctuation.

ACCURACY . Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is present. 

Rating curve well defined. The operation of the water-stage recorder was satisfactory throughout the year except for short periods as shown in the footnote to 

the daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: Oct. 1 to Dec. 

10, by applying rating table to mean gage height of each 2-hour period; Dec. 11 

to July 2, by applying rating table to mean gage height as determined by averaging 

gage heights for twelve 2-hour periods each day, except when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice (see footnote to daily-discharge table); July 3 to Sept. 

30, by discharge integrator. Results excellent.

Discharge measurements of Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 1

Jan. 23

31

Apr. 4

Made by 

.....do.................

Jtsa

Feet. 

2.62

«5.84

3.55

4.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

589

3,790

1,450

2,680

Date.

28

29

Made by 

.....do.................

tt.

Feet. 

3.87

4.58

4.38

2.98

Disharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,950

2,870

2,480

840

Stage discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 95

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2...:..........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

547

507

485

591

538

1,010

679

647

560

398

443

591

612

586

fins

fifin

502

489

fifin

634

661

517

507

304

475

644

1,250

766

586

562

641

Nov.

719

718

658

«i4t»

669

498

403

468

588

540

413

KAQ

420

358

685

1,050

647

417

764

2,580

1 360

I

nflA

812

fi(U

587

con

*\t(A.

481

626

952

Dec.

760

648

514

388

370

382

605

663

74<5

663

570

305

577

830

838

822

862

1,900

3,760

1,900

1,250

915

Q7A

870

626

4 880

3,' 760

2,110

1,410

i nnn

77C

Jan.

730

678

655

466

605

1,050

960

620

435

535

w»

535

570

640

435

4/lfl

500

370

400

605

fifx;

1,150

3 *>tn

1,970

1,360

1,770

3,950

7,170

3,570

1 840

l'530

Feb.

3,950

2,550

1,470

1,050

862

915

915

549

663

723

598

461

290

383

wn

"715

1570

500

370

260

570

A4fl

cnfl

570

1,360

6,150

2;710

1,050

753

Mar.

723

715

678

400

tnfl

605

435

435

400

336

370

400

370

370

. 370

260

285

310

370

310

285

310

90 K

260

285

400

790

1,360

2,110

2

Qfit)

4 ' 880

Apr.

5,440

6,780

3,480

2,480

1,970

2,110

2,040

1,590

1,330

1,210

1,180

1,900

2,180

2,110

1 Q7fl

2,250

3,040

3,390

2 400

2^790

2,630

3,300

4 460

4,' 880

3,660

3,760

2,870

2,870

2,550

3,040

May.

3,040

2,950

2,400

2,180

1,840

1,330

1,270

1,360

2,180

1,340

978

822

626

388

619

598

4,460

3,210

1,410

1,270

i nfi(\

846

<K1

I ftfifl

806

670

514

507

619

485

678

June.

460

394

570

1,200

708

942

708

514

753

822

753

897

678

528

521

542"

2,480

2,320

1,470

1,900

1,470

1,110

888

700

549

888

605

472

453

407

July.

370

336

457

653

463

391

305

315

305

481

369

335

631

1,650

755

336

485

400

496

594

435

730

700

555

735

905

1,180

943

618

351

360

Aug.

570

578

659

572

619

551

340

509

554

452

330

255

203

191

307

285

504

457

263

316

684

523

450

467

300

296

275

456

437

385

446

Sept.

415

350

315

254

295

387

474

410

357

310

294

354

365

362

965

1,510

648

283

340

392

377

340

370

478

393

389

363

300

359

730

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 8-23, Feb. 15-25, and Mar. 2-29; discharge ascertained by means of gage heights, one discharge measurement, comparisons with power-plant records at 

Shelbume Falls, and weather records. No record by water-stage recorder Feb. 15-17, May 18-20, June 

21-23,30, July 1,26; record interpolated graphically.

Monthly discharge of Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., for the year ending Sept,

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 362 square miles.]

Month.

December. .............

February. ..............

April...................

May....................

June ..

July....................

Observed discharge (second-feet).

Maximum.

1,250 

2,580 

4,880 

7,170 

6,150 

4,880 

6,780 

4,460 

2,480 

1,650 

659 

1,510

7,170

Minimum,

304 

358 

305 

370 

260 

260 

1,180 

388 

394 

305 

191 

254

191

Mean.

600 

715 

1,180 

1,290 

1,130 

728 

2,860 

1,370 

890 

569 

427 

439,

1,010

Gain or loss 

in storage at 

Somerset, 

Vt. (millions of 

cubic feet).°

-288 

- 52 

-143 

+230 

+ 116 

+ 78 

+576 

+464 

+183 

- 47 

-648 -335

! Discharge without 

storage 

(second-feet).

Mean.

492 

695 

1,130 

1,380 

1,180 

757 

3.080 

1,540 

961 

552 

185 

310

1,010

Per 

square 

mile.

1.36 

1.92 

3.12 

3.81 

3.26 

2.09 

8.51 

4.25 

2.65 

1.52 

.511 

.856

2.79

Kun-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.57 

2.14 

3.60 

4.39 

3.52 

2.41 

9.50 

4.90 

2.96 

1.75 

.59 

.96

38.29

o The increase or decrease of water held in storage at Somerset, Vt., during the month Kas been computed 

by engineers of the Geological Survey from data of storage increase or decrease furnished by the company 

operating the reservoir.
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

WARE RIVER AT GIBBS CROSSING, MASS.

LOCATION. Between the highway and electric railway bridges at Gibbs Crossing 

about three-fourths of a mile above the mouth of Beaver Brook and 3 milea below 

Ware, Hampshire County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 201 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 20,1912, to September 30,1916.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on the right bank referred to gage 

datum by a hook gage inside of well; inclined staff gage used for auxiliary read- 

. ings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the electric railway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and subject to a growth of aquatic vegetation during the summer months. Control free from weeds and at ordinary stages 

well denned at a section near the gage; at high stages the control is probably at 

the dam at Thorndike, 4 miles below the gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

5.15 feet at 10 a. m. March 31 (discharge, 2,370 second-feet); minimum stage 

during year from water-stage recorder, 1.42 feet at 12 noon October 31, and at 

5 a. m. November 8 (discharge, 18 second-feet).

1912-1916: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 5.9 feet on March 2, 1914 

(discharge, 2,770 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.20 feet on October 26, 

1914 (discharge, 5.0 second-feet).

ICE. Ice usually forms on the river for short periods during the winter and affects 

the stage-discharge relation; the large diurnal variation in flow prevents a rigid 

ice cover, and the backwater effect is variable.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of mills at Ware, which at low stages 

causes a large variation in discharge on days when the mills are in operation, 

and a low discharge on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except during ice 

periods. Rating curve well denned. The operation of water-stage recorder was 

satisfactory throughout the year except for short periods, as shown in footnote to 

the discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: October 1 to April 

28 by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights; April 29 to September 

30 by discharge integrator. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by Hardin Thweatt.]

Date.

Jan. 19........................

19........................

,s.

Feet. 

o3.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

406

223

Date.

Mar. 28. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,060

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER .BASIN.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ware River at Gibbs

ending Sept. 30,1916.

97

, Mass., for the year

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.........."....

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

79

51

29

68

68

79

105

125

105

130

142

127

93

81

89

79

54

132

99

105

103

107

69

28

107

91

109

107

83

54

20

Nov.

79

87

81

79

76

54

21

60

72

71

flQ

74

54

24

85

140

130

116

123

153

211

228

232

171

111

162

89

99

145

137

Dec.

116

120

109

81

37

123

95

97

QQ

101

44

83

120

159

137

113

183

1,000

923

620

432

368

333

276

850

1,230

1,080

870

628

438

Jan.

468

393 ins

398

333

550

557

398

311

324

338

306

311

315

256

236

200 win

200

236

306

373

860

620

522

536

676

860

763

550

522

Feb.

KOO

4CU

358

353

373

324

383

368

272

297

268

256

204

236

236

220

200

220

220

200

200

200

193

221

306

1,410

1,820

1,440

1,310

Mar.

1 040

«7QA

668

557

487

487

450

432

378

408

383

315

S«8

363

343

329

329

315

302

343

297

284

280

302

256

378

wu

901

1,300

1,640

9 *)Afi

Apr.

2.160

2 *)Af\

2,100

1 680

1^240

1,160

1,110

1,020 oias

Qfl7

1,020

1,070

1,090

1,120

1,200

1,120

1,030

945

820

763

718

745

912

1,060

1 030

965

OfWI

840

885

845

May.

cm

700 6°0

725

720

620

555

575 Aon

455

. 420

380

OCR

325

375

380

635

1,130

990

860

680

600

530

540

500

425

365

325

380

365

370

June.

360

310

210

265

360

430

410

385

350

380

560

690 fiwi

590

490

440

565

Ton

880

835

690

590

510

420

360

540

505

480

Mft

385

July.

300

255

330

415

OQA

425

355

325

300

375

360

305

94n

245

165

160

140

135

110

85

95

50

260 4fin

360

385

835

1,640

1,120

755

605

Aug.

Vtfl

420

360

300

210

275

285

300

415

390

320

245

228

260

280

190

170

180

115

75

180

140

135

130

120

85

100

140

165

165

130

Sept.

1^1;

on

40

100

110

120

110

110

75

35

90

100

100

100

130

95

145

175

220

150

125

120

80

.45

145

130

, 130

130

130

90

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 16-20 and Feb. 14-22? discharge ascertained by 

means of gage heights, two discharge measurements, and weather records. No record by water-stage 

recorder Apr. 26-27, July 3-10, and Sept. 27-28; flow estimated by comparison with records at stations 

in adjacent drainage basins.

Monthly discharge of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 201 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

January. ......................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June.... .......................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

142 

232 

1,230 

860 

1,820 

2,240 

2,240 

1,130 

880 

1,640 

500 

220

2,240

'MrnjTiiiiin.

20 

21 

37 

200 

193 

256 

718 

325 

210 

50 

75 

35

20

Mean.

87.5 

108 

353 

430 

452 

566 

1,120 

555 

496 

393 

226 

112

407

Per 

square 

mile.

0.435 

.537 

1.76 

2.14 

2.25 

2.82 

5.57 

2.76 

2.47 

1.96 

1.12 

.557

2.02

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.50 

.60 

2.03 

2.47 

2.43 

'3.25 

6.21 

3.18 

2.76 

2.26 

1.29 

.62

27.60

99282° IS WSP 431-
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

SWIFT RIVER AT WEST WARE, MASS.

LOCATION. About 1,000 feet below the old wooden dam opposite the WestWare 

station of the Boston & Albany Railroad, about 6 miles downstream from Enfield, Hampshire County, and 3 miles below the confluence of East and West 

branches of Swift River.

DRAINAGE. 186 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 15, 1910, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on left bank, referenced to gage 

datum by means of a hook gage inside the well; an inclined staff gage is used for 

auxiliary readings. Prior to August 25, 1912, a chain gage on footbridge 600 

feet upstream from the present station.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and alluvial deposits; some aquatic vegetation in 

channel during summer. Control practically permanent at ordinary stages; at 

high stages the control is probably at the dam at Bondsville, 4 miles below the

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

8.45 feet at 12.30 noon April 3 (discharge, 1,970 «econd-feet); minimum stage 

during year from water-stage recorder, 1.64 feet at 1.30 a. m. December 14 (discharge, 47 second-feet).

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 9.1 feet on February 26, 1915 '(discharge 

 by extension of rating curve, 2,240 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.36 

feet on September 22, 1914 (discharge, 22 second-feet).

ICE. River usually freezes over for short periods during the winter and the stagedischarge relation is somewhat affected by the ice.

REGULATION. Operation of mills at Enfield, 6 miles above the station, affects distribution of flow at low and medium stages, but has only a slight effect when 

the mean daily discharge is over 200 second-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation appears to have changed slightly, the greatest 

change being for the high stages when the control is influenced by backwater 

from the dam at Bondsville. Rating curve well defined below 1,200 second-feet. 

No record by water-stage recorder December 31 to January 3, and February 24 

to March 29. Apart of the old timber dam above the station was carried out by 

high water on April 3, leaving debris at the gage which affected the operation of 

water-stage recorder until July 20; gage heights during this period corrected by the 

aid of reading by observer on outside staff gage, and by comparison with hydrographs of near-by streams. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table 

to mean daily gage heights determined by inspection of gage-height graph, or, 

for days of considerable fluctuation, by averaging the mean gage heights of 4-hour 

periods. Results from December 31 to July 20 are only fair, but are good for the 

remainder of the year.

Discharge measurements of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Jan. 27

27 

27

Mar. 30

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.10

4.12 

4.15

5.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

630

585 

604

968

Date.

Mar. 30

July 20 

Aug. 12

12

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

H. W.Fear... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.55

2.48 

2.77

2.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,070

181 

220

220
CONNECTICUT KIVEE BASIN". 99

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

89

96

110

109

110

130

127

154

182

188

156

149

130

121

127

145

141

136

127

136

143

137

136

127

109

101

109

Qfi

107

100

96

Nov.

101

104

101

102

104

100

98

98

84

85

85

86

82

84

110

123

143

166

168

194

225

277

232

210

184

156

150

145

143

150

Dec.

156

152

137

128

121

117

115

120

117

109

109

98

94

82

100

101

112

215

402

550

610

550

447

376

333

595

848

1,100

1,000

812

738

Jan.

665

591

518

444

397

447

420

394

368

355

332

324

314

330

292

280

255

240

220

210

210

187

410

475

505

505

610

742

830

742

672

Feb.

625

565

490

460

420

390

365

340

315

305

290

280

265

255

250

245

240

235

230

210

215

220

220

,230

290

830

1,200

1,100

1,000

Mar.

985

840

770

690

635

625

590

545

470

460

440

395

420

410

360

340

335

320

300

320

300

300

290

300

275

370

535

785

900

1,000

1 9on

Apr.

1,590

1,740

1,770

1,590

1,400

1,200

1,100

965

895

848

830 -865

930

1,040

1,120

1,100

1,040

930

848

725

690

772

708

778

812

795

725

640

610

580

May.

565

550

535

520

475

442

425

433

447

420

368

325

280

250

262

330

447

690

882

830

655

550

475

447

420

394

368

330

312

304

909

June.

272

262

243

255

304

36S

394

394

355

338

355

490

505

447

368

363

433

520

610

690

707

640

550

447

389

447

461

381

330

267

July.

232

210

232

280

342

447

433

330

280

304

280

255

243

255

221

180

170

170

180

150

147

160

208

257

228

239

363

610

830

812

625

Aug.

461

340

270

228

200

188

174

176

217

234

241

236

221

202

182

174

164

150

137

118

132

109

121

160

196

202

194

186

213

223

208

Sept.

182

162

143

136

T25

132

136

128

121

120

123

109

109

109

127

248

314

325

297

262

234

200

188

270

307

325

300

262

245

292

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 7-10, 15-19, and Feb. 4-24; discharge ascertained 

by means of gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. No record by water-stage recorder Dec. 

31 to Jan. 3, and Feb. 24 to Mar. 29; flow estimated by comparison with bydrographs of near-by streams.

Monthly discharge of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 80,1916. 

[Drainage area, 186 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

Juno...

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

188 

277 

1,100 

830 

1,200 

1,290 

1,770 

882 

707 

830 

461 

325

1,770

Minimum.

89 

82 

82 

210 

210 

275 

580 

250 

243 

147 

109 

109

82

Mean.

127 

136 

340

429 

417 

535 

988 

452 

420 

312 

202 

201

379

Per 

square 

mile.

0.683 

.731 

1.83 

2.31 

2.24 

2.88 

5.31 

2.43 

2.26 

1.68 

1.09 

1.08

2.04

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.79 

.82 

2.11 

2.66 

2.42 

3.32 

5.92 

2.80 

2.52 

1.94 

1.26 

1.20

27.76
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

QTJABOAG RIVER AT WEST BRIMFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At the two-span highway bridge, in Hampden County, near the West 

Brimfield station of the Boston & Albany Railroad; one-third of a mile above the 

mouth of Blodgett Mill Brook.

DRAINAGE AREA. 150 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 23, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder at downstream end of center pier of 

bridge, referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside of well. Vertical staff is used for auxiliary readings. Prior to August 19, 1912, a vertical staff 

on upstream side of right abutment of bridge at same datum as present gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading near bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed covered with boulders, gravel, and alluvial 

deposits; control practically permanent.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year from water-stage 

recorder, 4.23 feet at 7.45 a. m. April 3 (discharge, 1,210 second-feet); (a stage of 

5.05 feet was recorded at 12 noon January 19, but the water was held back by an 

ice jam); minimum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 1.72 feet at 4.30 

a. m. September 15 (discharge, 20 second-feet).

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 4.9 feet on March 1,1910 (discharge, 1,660 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.40 feet on September 17 and 18, 1910 

(discharge, 2.5 second-feet).

ICE. Ice usually forms on the river for short periods during the -winter and affects the 

stage-discharge relation; the large diurnal variation in flow prevents a rigid ice 

cover, and the backwater effect is variable.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of power plants at West Warren, 3 miles 

above station, which at low stages causes a large variation in discharge on days 

when the mills are in operation and a low discharge on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except during ice periods. 

Rating curve well defined. The operation of the water-stage recorder was satisfactory throughout the year except for short periods as shown in the footnote to 

daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: October 1 to March 

28, by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights determined by planimeter; 

March 29 to September 30, by discharge integrator. Results excellent.

Discharge measurements of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date. "

Dec. 17

Jan. 17

Made by 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

o2.93

O O QA

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

175

iQfi

Date.

Mar. 29

A iirp 11

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.40

2.72

Discharge.

Sec.-jt. 

660

256

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT1 E1VEB BASIN, 101

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Quaboag River at West BrimfieU, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

59

61

56

63

78

94

100

110

110

Od

118

110

100

101

105

110

on

100

110

110

130

130

110

136

125

113

110

91

77

Nov.

101

96

87

87

98

81

69

87

O4

83

69

71

69

46

105

94

89

87

110

154

I'M

145

125

118

110

130

98

98

125

110

Dec.

ifw

98

Oft

Qfi

65

105

87

83

67

73

73

60

73

90

110

125

176

210

401

284

250

210

210

222

238

391

306

455

455

325

293

Jan.

Idfl

9051

270

9nn

OKA

417

391

365

OA(\

91 f\

340

90S

302

OQO

270

Ofifl

230

onn

230

QRA

9O7

380

401

370

1Q1

417

407

380

385

~ 385

Feb.

380

360

350

97A

OCA

325

325

oon

OO9,

9 5n

OKA

145

145

210

175

175

145

175

175

175

175

175

175

175

210

797

688

783

774

Mar.

774

7IW5

7dQ

7fK»

682

661

640 575'

483

444

d9Q

407

, 380

340

315

9O3

OOQ

9 7 A.

OKA

OCA

250

270

250

250

ou

ono

417

537

640

985

Apr.

1

f\AK

1,080

1,100

1,090

1,040

O71

887

842

DAA

755

74 K

735

703

750

761

732

705

641

579

575

551

551

!>87

584 MA

530

510

523

KOI

507

May.

486 d<;4

426

AKf)

49*

A n9.

389

qoo

343

QQA

9O7

OK4

263

9>W

263

t\A K

*n*

455

418

405

4QA

OQA

365

353

<w;

308

OfiA

9*iQ

260

O9fi

235

June.

215

200

177

184

189

211

9fl7

9fl7

225

246

OQK

338

9A(\

no A

OO7

313

3?n

OAK

497

JKQ

49O

421

4O51

363

Qj?O

376

OOA

303

971

239

July.

202

190

220

onn

204

1Q3

159

151

167

162

158

155

156

141

135

147

14fi

131

|QQ

1QS

ion

220

440

588

KJY\

4S4

463

Aug.

JOO

400

O.7Q

OKI oon"

306

OQQ

3fA

«i5in *>no

283

971

95 A

949.

91 %

206

104

1QA

169

1 AQ

155

1fi9

14.fi

138

tQK

148

135

131

128

Sept.

120

102

104

IftO

105

00

100

110

97

90

ft4

QQ

163

151

1 P\A

1 PtA

146

142

145

123

130

112

105

102

110

137

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14-18, 21-23; Dec. 31 to Jan. 4; Jan. 7-12, 16-21; 

Feb. 8-25; and Mar. 15-24; discharge ascertained by means of gage heights, 2 discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. No record by water-stage recorder Oct. 5, 7-9, 12-13,16-24, and 

Dec. 10-13; flow estimated by comparison with records at stations on near-by streams.

Monthly discharge of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 150 square miles.]

9-

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

136 

154 

455 

417 

797 

985 

1,100 

486 

453 

588 

423 

163

1,100

Minimum.

56 

46 

60 

176 

145 

250 

507 

226 

177 

121 

128 

84

46

Mean.

101 

99.0 

188 

320 

305 

473 

732 

347 

305 

220 

234 

119

287

Per 

square 

mile.

0.673 

.660 

1.25 

2.13 

2.03 

3.15 

4.88 

2.31 

2.03 

1.47 

1.56 

.793

1.91

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.78 

.74 

1.44 

2.46 

2.19 

3.63 

5.44 

2.66 

2.26 

1.70 

1.80 

.88

25.98
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I. 

WESTFIELD RIVER AT KHIGHTVILLE, MASS.

LOCATION. At single-span steel highway bridge known locally as Pitcher Bridge, in 

Knightville, Hampshire County, 1 mile north of outlet of Norwich Lake, and 

about 3 miles above confluence with Middle Branch of Westfield River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 162 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 26,1909, to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Chain attached to downstream side of highway bridge; read by J. A. Burr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough, composed of boulders and ledge rock; 

control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.24 feet at 8 

a. m. February 26 (discharge, determined by extension of rating curve, 2,910 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 1 foot at 5 p. m. September 

13, and 7 a. m. September 14 (discharge, 28 second-feet).

1909-1916: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 8.9 feet on March 27, 1913 

(discharge, 5,100 second-feet); (a gage height of 9.4 feet was recorded at 9.15 

a. m. January 22, 1910, but channel was probably obstructed by ice at that 

time); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot on August 10, 1913 (discharge, 4 

second-feet).

ICE. Ice usually forms in the river early in the winter, affecting the stage-discharge 

relation, but is generally carried out by the first sudden rise in stage, leaving the 

channel clear; these conditions may be repeated several times during the winter.

REGULATION. Plow not seriously affected by regulation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation has probably remained permanent, except 

during ice periods, although individual discharge measurements have at times 

appeared erratic; the rough and irregular channel causes difficulty in securing 

accurate discharge measurements. Rating curve fairly well defined below 2,000 

second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily, except during the winter, 

when it is read once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table 

to mean daily gage heights. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 26

Made by 

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o2.38

2.83

2.38

Discharge.

&ee.-ft. 

300

4Q7

316

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RTVEK BASIN. 103

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield River at Knightvilk, Mass., for the year ending

' Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

88

94

204

129

121

222

158

372

238

17Q

139

121

112

101

1 %&

207

1>5/5

129

174

143

116

Q7

O7

94

O7*>

207

1KQ

139

116

Nov.

116

112

104

112

112

129

112

104

108

QQ

97

on

90

87

153

255

17Q

131

238

730

445

255

207

183

166

153

158 iiys

166

979

Dec.

201

179

172

129

19Q

129

129

129

179

166

141

19O

129

129

19Q

129

350

1,180

790

V19

330

979

Q1A

2,280

1,180

Qon

670

495

420

Jan.

420

395

395

330

855

550

610

272

238

238

222

255

291

238

222

207

1 XA

1O9

222

350

1 240

7Qfi

s&n

855

1,710

2,280

1,310

855

TOO

Feb.

1,440

920

670

495

550

495

470

310

350

OKA

310

01 ft

9Q1

207

ooo

192

238

222

999

999

207

207

238

238

470

2,580

1,570

855

670

Mar.

580

470

445

395

372

330

330

310

310

310

272

255

272

272

238

222

238

222

two

9*\fi

oec

272

O7O

222

OQO

330

495

790

985

I

qort

1,920

Apr.

1,990

2,060

1,310

1,310

1,180

1,240

1,180

985

790

790

855

1,380

1,180

1,500

1 440

1,310

1,310

1,050

1,050

985

920

1,050

1,310

1,380

1,050

855

730

855

920

730

May.

610

523

470

495

420

373

350

495

395

350

310

291

255

207

222

255

1,210

985

580

ocn

9Q1

445

R79

330

272

238

207

201

999

999

June.

176

156

158

550

372

310

255

222

330

372

395

420

255

255

207

204

670

580

OAK

550

330

291

238

196

238

255

238

187

158

134

July.

112

101

238

222

153

143

123

103

272

207

in

134

148

310

163

116

104

151

125

94

148

143

148

134

QQ

174

790 395

255

158

134

Aug.

118

99

87

79

90

88

76

70

199

123

110

104

94

79

67

61

59

56

50

38

42

36

88

310

123

82

64

103

118

80

59

Sept.

53

48

46

44

4ff

40

60

50

38

30

32

35

26

25

153

855

196

134

121

94

79

71

82

207

121

90

79

71

60

522

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 5-18, 22-24; Jan. 10-22; and Feb. 13-24; discharge 

ascertained by means of gage heights, 2 discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Westfield River at Knightvilk, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 162 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

November. ....................................

February......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

372 

730 

2,280 

2,280 

2,580 

1,920 

2,060 

1,210 

670 

790 

310 

855

2,580

Minimum.

88 

87 

129 

153 

192 

222 

730 

201 

134 

94 

36 

25

25

Mean.

155 

177 

404 

569 

535 

435 

1,160 

399 

303 

186 

92 

117

376

Per 

square 

mile.

0.957 

1.09 

2.49 

3.51 

3.30 

2.69 

7.16 

2.46 

1.87 

1.15 

.568 

.722

2.32

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.10 

1.22 

2.87 

4.05 

3.56 

3.10 

7.99 

2.84 

2.09 

1.33 

.66 

. .81

31.62
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

WESTFIELD RIVER NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At the point known locally as Trap Rock Crossing, about 3 miles east of 

Westfield, Hampden County, 1 mile below the mouth of Big Brook, and 2 miles 

below the mouth of Westfield Little River.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 496 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 27, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank, with hook gage 

inside well; an inclined staff gage is used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered with gravel and alluvial deposits; riffle of 

boulders about 200 feet below gage forms control at low and medium stages. 

At high stages control is probably formed by crest of storage dam at Mittineague, 

3 miles below the station.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 11.73 

feet at 12 p. m. April 1 (discharge, 8,850 second-feet); minimum stage during year 

from water-stage recorder, 3.19 feet at 9 p, m. September 2 (discharge, 101 secondfeet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 17.4 feet on August 4, 1915 (discharge, 

by extension of rating curve, 17,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.02 

feet on September 24, 1914 (discharge, 46 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice for short periods during the 

winter.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted from Westfield Little River and carried to Springfield for municipal use.

REGULATION, Several power plants above the station cause some diurnal fluctuation 

of flow; the nearest dam is at Westfield.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except during ice periods. 

Rating curve well defined. The operation of the water-stage recorder was satisfactory throughout the year except for short periods as shown in the footnote to 

daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: October 1 to 

July 2, by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights determined by planimeter; July 3 to September 30, by discharge integrator. Results excellent.

Discharge measurements of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by Hardin Thweatt.J

Date.

26...

Mar. 25...

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o4.83

6.46

4.49

Discharge.

Sec.-/<. 

530

2,260

668

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT BIVEE BASIN. 105

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 20.......'.......

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

Q1

Oct.

252

252

340

390

348

390

460

500

654

. 465

440

320

332

312

300

372

332

348

300

328

368

360

288

248

292

300

300

490

372

352

9sn

Nov.

308

292

308

288

308

300

248

300

264

248

332

248

240

184

292

690

560

430

684

1,670

1.630

71ft

605

540

470

485

455

400

470

605

Dec.

540

445

430

415

260

360

320

340

320

300

260

280

268

320

280

292

300

430

2,600

2,120

1,550

1 190

1,050

960

870

4,650

3,900

2,500

1,830

1,430 i ion

Jan.

1,120

1,120

1,050

990

990

1,830

1,430

1,050

810

750

720

660

660

690

530

530

580

580

555

480

480

9QO

4,520

2,120

2,350

1,830

3,900

5,860

3,320

1,990

1,870

Feb.

3,000

2,210

1,630

1,360

1,260

1,260

1,260

930

930

900

7sn

720

630

580

COA

530

530

480

455

455

430

405

405

405

1,120

6,280

3,430

2,400

1,550

Mar.

i dff\

1 190

1^120

1,020

onn

sin

RJ.fl

900

ft7fl

R7fl

7SA

690

780

7ftfl

fiftA

648

A&l

fiOrt

654

AOn

666

648

630

666

690

840

1,330

1 Q^fl

2,600

3,900

6,140

Apr.

6,280

6 OKA

4 260

3' 430

2

0 Art

3,100 9 onn

2 OCA

2,030

1,910

2,120

3,210

3 nnn

3 7Cft

4

QQA

3 9in

3,000

2,800

2,210

2,120

1,990

2,080

2,120

2,600

1,990

1,910

1,710

1,710

1,910

1,550

May.

1,330

1,160

1,050

1,050

QQft

<wn

ft7ft

1,020

oon

QQA

840

720

666

KftR

690

7*tfl

2,550

2 Ann

1,550

i ion

990

870

870

900

900

750

672

570

648

580

648

June.

545

495

415

930

cm

1,020

7CA

666

960

1,080

1 190

l)l60

840

750

642

720

1,990

1,670

1,220

1,360

1,020

930

810

720

720

960

840

666

590

500

July.

460 *>on

AQA

768

587

525

450

408

625

585

515

477

690

658

420

465

418

470

375

370

480

817

628

485

540

1,290

1,270

810

552

C1C

Aug.

Ann

007

Q*rA

290

QSK

258

290

QKC

350

432

353

- 271

270

97.1

345

237

238

237

220

263

215

213

152

375

465

387

274

265

337

290

278

Sept.

247

OO«I

141

181

226

9i o

99fl

232

131

91 a

227

174

181

410

1,990

785

498

445

315

305

265

388

360

435

335

269

248

254

805

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 10-21 and Feb. 13-24; discharge ascertained by means 

of gage heights, 2 discharge measurements, and weather records. No record by water-stage recorder Nov. 

16-18, Dec. 17-24. Mar. 9-10, and May 4-6; daily discharge estimated by comparison with records at KnightTille and Goss Heights.

Monthly discharge of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 496 square miles.]

Month.

October. ...............

December ..............

January................

March..................

April...................

May....................

June _ ................

July....................

August.................

Observed discharge in secondfeet.

Maximum.

654 

1,670 

4,650 

5,860 

.6,280 

6,140 

6,850 

2,600 

1,990 

1,290 

465 

1,990

6,850

Minimum.

248 

184 

260 

480 

405 

630 

1,550 

565 

415 

370 

152 

131

131

Mean.

358 

487 

1,030 

1,490 

1,270 

1,190 

2,840 

995 

899 

586 

302 

364

982

Diversion 

from Westfield Little 

River 

(millions of 

gallons).

332.4 

309.3 

313.2 

362.1 

309.4 

346.4 

340.5 

354.2 

342.6 

362.3 

372.5 

350.3

4,095.2

Total discharge 

(second-feet).

Mean.

375 

503 

1,050 

1,500 

1,290 

1,210 

2,860 

1,010 

917 

604 

321 

382

999

Per 

square 

mile.

0.756 

1.01 

2.12 

3.02 

2.60 

2.44 

5.77 

2.04 

1.85 

1.22 

.647 

.770

2.01

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.87 

1.13 

2.44 

3.48 

2.80 

2.81 

6.44 

2.35 

2.06 

1.41 

.75 

.86

27.40

NOTE. The effect of storage in Borden Brook reservoir not taken into account in computing the total 

discharge.
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

MIDDLE BRANCH OF WESTFTELD RIVER AT GOSS HEIGHTS, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in Goss Heights, Hampshire County, about 1J miles 

above village of Huntington, and half a mile above confluence of Middle and 

North branches of Westfield River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 53 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 14, 1910, to September 30, 1916.-

GAGES. Water-stage recorder on upstream side of bridge abutment on right bank, 

with hook gage inside of well. Inclined staff is used for auxiliary readings. 

Prior to September 8, 1912, a chain gage on upstream side of bridge was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered with coarse gravel and boulders; control 

somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

7.7 feet on February 26, but channel was obstructed by ice at that time; maximum 

discharge probably occurred at 8 a. m. December 26 (discharge, by extension of 

rating curve, 2,900 second-feet); minimum stage during year from water-stage 

recorder, 0.89 foot at 4 a. m. November 14 (discharge, 2.3 second-feet).

1910-1916: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 7.33 feet at 9 p. m. July 8, 

1915 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, 4,500 second-feet); (a gage height 

of 7.7 feet was recorded on February 26, 1916, but channel was obstructed by 

ice at that time); minimum stage recorded, 0.70 foot on October 26-27, 1914 

(discharge, practically zero).

ICE. River usually frozen over during the greater part of the winter; ice jams occasionally form below the gage causing several feet of backwater.

REGULATION. Flow slightly affected at times by operation of small power plant' 

about 2 miles above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in January, 1916. 

Rating curve used previous to January 22 was well denned below 1,300 secondfeet; curve used after that date well denned by discharge measurements 

below 400 second-feet and very nearly parallel to the old curve, above 400 

second-feet, the new curve was extended as a parallel curve. Stage-discharge 

relation seriously affected by ice during December, January, February, and 

March. Two different water-stage recorders were used during the year, but the 

results were not entirely satisfactory on account of stopping of the clock. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights determined by inspection of gage height graph. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Dec. 23

Tan 9f\

26

May 12

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

AT,

Feet. 

o2.60

1.70

2.04

1.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

80

181

317

70

Date.

May 12

July 19

A 11 IT 14.

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt.......

C. H. Pierce............

Hardin Thweatt .......

Gage

height.

Feet. 

1.22

1.11

.92

.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

70

AA ^

19.1

12.2

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
COHHECTICtTT BIVER BASIN. 107

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

S.. ............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

8.4

8.9

14

15

16

18

15

35

35

21

16

9.4

6.4

7.9

12

18

18

19

8.4

12

1.4

12

9.4

11

12

8.9

26

23

16

12

12

Nov.

10

5.6

9.4

9.4

6.0

6.4

6.4

6.0

5.2

4.8

4.8

4.8

2.9

2.9

14

32

12

7.4

24

109

51

33

23

20

20

18

13

13

24

33

Dec.

23

21

12

12

12

10

9

11

12

9

9

9

12

12

12

12

80

611

742

421

256

158

65

<V7

204

1,040

426

238

158

143

130

Jan.

124

117

104

104

124

263

173

104

80

80

92

80

104

104

38

47

47

47

47

47

80

221

635

255

182

340

835

965

655

220

234

Feb.

510

291

220

188

143

117

93

82

72

62

58

52

50

48

48

46

46

46

46

46

44

44

44

44

188

1,370

595

435

340

Mar.

238

188

158

140

125

110

98

86

78

72

86

62

58

52

48

46

44

43

41

40

38

37

35

35

35

43

117

255

540

835

965

Apr.

1.030

1 000

645

475

440

460

415

304

252

224

271

500

400

655

595

475

470

410

291

287

271

313

450

440

291

919

217

224

220

170

May.

143

125

115

110

100

86

89

146

107

84

78

64

56

48

60

68

520

304

191

149

125

105

146

152

117

98

86

80

74

70

66

t*

June.

54

43

60

135

84

112

70

62

100

125

158

135

93

76

64

86

238

176

125

143

105

96

72

62

86

107

68

54

41

34

July.

30

26

78

56

40

34

 26

21

26

31

31

26

22

50

34

24

19

20

20

16

21

26

26

21

17

40

OS

100

41

28

24

Aug.

22

22

20

20

18

18

18

18

30

24

18

15

15

14

12

11

30

25

15

12

11

11

11

42

20

is

16

14

18

16

13

Sept.

12

11

11

9.5

9.5

9.5

9

9

9

9

9

9

8

8

50

158

56

34

28

24

20ift

18

30

28

oo

1 8

16

16

80

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 4-18, 21-24; Jan. 7-22; Feb. 5 to Mar. 29; discharge 

ascertained by means of gage heights, 3 discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with 

other records in the Westfield River basin. No record by water-stage recorder, July 30-31; Aug. 1-11,23-27; 

Sept. 11-15,18-30; daily discharge estimated by comparison with records at Knightville and Westfleld.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 53 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

December .....................................

February ......................................

April.......................................... iwW

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

35 

109 

1,040 

965 

1,370 

965 

1,030 

520 

238 

100 

42 

158

1,370

Minimum.

6.4 

2.9 

9.0 

38 

44 

35 

170 

48 

34 

17 

11 

8.0

2.9

Mean.

15.2 

17.7 

159 

211 

185 

153 

415 

121 

95.5 

34.6 

18.3 

25.0

120

Per 

square 

mile.

0.287 

.334 

3.00 

3.98 

3.49 

2.89 

7.83 

2.28 

1.80 

.653 

.345 

.472

2.26

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.33 

.37 

3.46 

4.59 

3.76 

3.33 

8.74 

2.63 

2.01 

.75 

.40 

.53

30.90
108 SURFACE WATER StJPPLY, 1916, PART 1.

WEST BRANCH OF WESTFIELD RIVER AT CHESTER, MASS.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge about 500 feet above the Boston & Albany Bailroad bridge in the town of Chester, Hampden County, and about 400 feet below 

the mouth of Walker Brook.

DRAINAGE AREA. 73 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 29 to December 18,1915. Two discharge measurements in 1910 and 1911.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge read by Elmer Hunt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered with coarse gravel and boulders. Riffles 

about 300 feet below the station form the control section.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during period September 29 to 

December 18, 1915, 3.70 feet at 4 p. m. December 17; minimum stage recorded, 

2.28 feet at 8 a. m. November 2.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during winter.

REGULATION. Several small power developments on the main stream and Walker 

Brook above the station affect the distribution of flow at low stages.

ACCURACY. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Data insufficient to warrant 

determination of daily discharge; results of discharge measurements and twicedaily gage heights are given.

Discliarge measurements of West Branch of Westfield River at Chester, Mass., during 1910-

1915.

Date.

1910. 

Oct. 15

1911. 

Apr. 15

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt... .........

.....do...................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

04.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

33.2

651

Date.

1915. 

Sept. 29

Nov. 9

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.44

2.68

Discharge.

St£.-ft.

35.3

48.1

o Water surface referenced to iron beam in bridge and later reduced to present datum of gage.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 109

Gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Westfteld River at Chester, Mass. ,for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1915-16.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24.............. 

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

September.

A.M.

Time.

.......

7.30

Gage 

height.

.......

2.35

P.M.

Time.

3.00 

6.00

Gage 

height.

.......

2.45 

2.31

October.

A.M.

Time.

7.30 

8.00 

8.00 

7.30 

7.00

8.00 

7.00 

7.30 

7.30 

8.30

8.00 

7.00 

7.30 

7.30 

7.30

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

7.30 

7.00

7.00 

7.30 

8.00 

8.30 

8.' 00

7.30 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00

Gage 

height.

2.33 

2.35 

2.74 

2.60 

2.44

2.63 

2.65 

2.62 

2.92 

2.34

2.63 

2.30 

2.45 

2.40 

2.55

2.66 

2.55 

2.63 

2.50 

2.50

2.71 

2.55

2.58 

2.47

2.48

2.52 

3.18 

2.90 

2.86 

2.76 

2.56

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.30 

5.30

5.30 

6.00 

6.00 

5.30 

5.30

5.30 

5.30 

5.30 

5.30 

5.30

5.30 

5.00 

5.30 

5.00 

5.30

5.00 

5.00 

5.30 

5.30 

5.30

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5JK)

Gage 

height.

2.34 

2.68 

2.65 

2.58 

2.55

2.92 

2.63 

3.14 

2.86 

2.61

2.54

2.58 

2.44 

2.54. 

2.54

2.64 

2.55 

2.58 

2.48 

2.47

2.80 

2.62 

2.54 

2. .50 

2.42

2.53 

3.06 

2.79 

2.70 

2.62 

2.65

November.

A.M.

Time.

7.30 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

7.30 

8.00

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

7.30 

8.00

8.00 

8.00 

- 8.30 

7.30 

8.00

Gage, 

height.

2.56 

2.28 

2.60 

2.52

2.54

2.54

2.58 

2.58 

2.53

2.78

2.79 

2.80 

2.83 

2.55 

2.90

2.90 

2.93 

2.90 

3.00

3.57

3.08 

3.10 

3-03 

3.02 

3.00

2.80 

2.90

2.78 

2.78 

3.. 15

P.M.

Time.

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

4.30

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00

5.00 

4.30 

4.45 

5.00 

5.00

Gage 

height.

2.42 

2.55 

2.58 

2.60 

2.68

2.58 

2.55 

2.62 

2.70

2.78

2.78 

2.80 

2.90 

2.56 

3.40

2.52 

2.90 

2.97 

3.50 

3.37

3.05 

3-06 

2.99 

2.98 

2.97

2.70 

2.93

2.78 

3.05 

3.07

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

December.

A.M.

Time.

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.30 

8.00

Gage 

height.

2.93 

2.98 

2.89 

3.00 

3.04

3.09 

2.88 

3.04 

2.90 

3.04

P.M.

Time.

5.00 

5.00 

4.30 

4.30 

4.30

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

4.45 

4.30

£ft

3.00 

2.98 

2.91 

3.01 

3.05

3.10 

2.81 

2.78 

3.01 

3.00

Day.

11...............

19

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

10

20...............

December.

A.M.

Time.

8.30 

7.30 

7.30 

8.00 

8.00

8.00 

9.00 

8.30

&,

3.10 

3.11 

3.37 

3.31 

3.35

3.35 

3.67 

3.60

P.M.

Time.

4.30 

4.30 

4.30 

3.00 

5.00

4.30 

4.00

«.

3.14 

3.20 

3.20 

3.35 

3.45

3.51 

3.70
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

WESTFtELD LITTLE RIVER NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At the diversion dam of the Springfield waterworks, in the town of Russell, 

Hampden County, 3 miles below the confluence of Pebble and Borden brooks, 

and about 3 miles west of Westfield. Originally (July, 1905, to December, 1909) 

a short distance below Borden Brook near Cobble Mountain.

DRAINAGE AREA. 43 square miles at original site; 48 square miles at present site.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 13, 1905, to September 30,1916.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. At the original site below Borden Brook (used 

1905-1909) the discharge was determined by methods commonly employed at 

current-meter gaging stations. From August, 1906, to September, 1907, a 30-foot 

weir was maintained a short distance below the gage. 1

Since March 1, 1910, high-water flow determined from continuous records of 

head on concrete diversion dam (crest length, 155.4 feet), for which coefficients 

have been deduced from experiments at Cornell University; low-water flow, 

less than 163 second-feet, determined from continuous record of head on a 12-foot 

sharp-crested weir without end contractions, the crest being 2.55 feet below that 

of the dam. Water diverted to city of Springfield is measured by a 54-inch 

Venturi meter, using continuous record chart. Daily record corrected for storage 

in a reservoir on Borden Brook about 5 miles above station, but owing to the time 

required for water to reach the dam and the natural storage along the stream 

the* record as corrected does not represent exactly the natural flow of the stream 

at all times.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge for 24 hours recorded during year, 

864 second-feet, February 26; minimum discharge for 24 hours recorded, 0.4 

second-foot, September 14.

1909-1916: Maximum discharge for 24 hours, 1,490 second-feet, March 28, 1914; 

minimum discharge apparently zero at "various times when the water released 

from the reservoir was equal to or greater than the total flow at the diversion dam.

DIVERSIONS. Record of water diverted at station for municipal supply of Springfield 

included in records as published.

COOPERATION. Data collected and compiled under the direction of E. E. Lochridge, 

chief engineer, board of water commissiSners, Springfield, Mass.

i Results obtained by weir and current-meter methods are compared in U. S. Geol. Survey "Water 

Supply Papers 201, pp. 105-110, and 241, pp. 164-168.
CONNECTICUT BIVEB BASIN. Ill

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6i.. ...........

7..............

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

IQ

14..............

15-. ......... .--

16..............

17-...........--

18..............

10

20..............

21..............

22.. . .......... - 

23..............

24..............

25-.-.-.........

26..............

27..............

28- ...

29..............

30.............. si. ..:.:. .......

Oct.

13.4

24.3

23.6

28.7

21.5

31.5

on Q

71.3

60.3

A.9 5

32.8

28.9

24.4

09 A

Of Q

21.4

19.3

20.8

17.0

00 O

44 1

35.8

27.6

22.6

19 7

19 6

97 0

30.4

97 A.

25.5

22.0

Nov.

19.6

20.4 OA a

20.8

9/1 K

21.9

20.1

20.8

20.3

21.2

16.1

14.6

17.0

14 4

40 6

56.6

87 7

32.4

84.8

169

107

66.8

60.0

44 2

46.2

41.6

37.3

3&0

42.0

52.5

Dec.

40.3

OK 9

33.1

25.1 24 0

25.3

99 7

21.5

24.7

20.1

17.4

16.0

16.2

31.5

ftQ A

124

OK7

316

236

162

122

105

tno

t JO

824

o.<58

243

tsn

147

106

Jan.

107

101

86.4

67.7

SQ 7

167

117

CO t

61.3

62.2

70 Q

63.5

69.8 fin A

42.0

55.4

41.8

45 6

47.0

52.2

61.0

236

283

151

161

OOA

408

464

286

181

t7C

Feb.

193

171

19J2

107

98.0

OQ 0

SS 7

58.5

64 4

59 9

49.0

53.0

46 4

45.4

52.5

42.8

44.8

A.1 7

A9 1

40.1

38.0

40 2

41.7

45.1

381

864 qii

1fi7

172

Mar.

136

QO 0

80.1

70 7

ert c

43.3

43.8 54 9

44 4

.0 o

40 Q

"40 7

52.1 49 0

48 9

46 6

44.0

43 Q

43 7

Ofi C

45.0

90 A

35.8

25.5

en O

69.7

95 0

tfiO

ton

394

549

Apr.

696

tAfi

070

o-ie

°.S1

247

017

268

507

381

663

610

489

398

413

390

301

260

321

386

ofiQ

268

9«JK

173

196

200

t*vd

May.

112

109

GO 9

124

tno

oo 7

ft? t

OO O

77.6

AQ S

63.1

47.8

42.7

OQ O

50.0

s1? ft

407

Q£O

149

99 8

78.2

87.3

OO R

71.1

49 9

49-8

48.0

46.3

43.8

AA 0

June.

or o

91 9

oe *;

38.3

105

93 4

69.5

155

177

168

134

fno

74.6

63.3

OS *

<*ii

QQA

169

174

ion

Q_E e

81.1

67.0

91 4

106

66.6

5&0 45 8

35.1

July.

28.4

OO A

85.5

53.3

AjR *\

44 I

oo A

OO O

60.5

on a

56.5

46.2

77.4

92.1

AO (3

46 3

39.7

57.1 &n °.

or o

40 4

78.0

150

86.1

63.1

147

258

O1 A

86.1

70.4

60.4

Aug.

43.9

OA C

21.6 16 9

14.6

15.4

22.9

26.0

O1 9.

20.4

24. 3

17.6 14 9

iq o

ol8.7

24.1

6.0

5.0

5.1

3.2

7 4

23.6

82.0

21.9

17.3

13.4 in n

23.2

20.1

3.8

Sept.

10.5

O G

6.8

15.6

11.4

o e

4.0 7 9

9.5

4.5

7.4

.4

164

16673 9

42 9

28.2

22.9

15 9

13.4

91.8

48 4

29 9

21.1

18.7

19.6

60.4

155

o Discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 48 square miles.]

Month.

March .................................... ...

April..........................................

May.......................... ........... ...

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

71.3 

169 

824 

464 

864 

549 

696 

407 

311 

258 

82.0 

166

864

Minimum.

13.4 

14.4 

16.0 

41.8 

38.0 

25.5 

154 

39.8 

25.2 

25.2 

3.2 

.4

.4

Mean.

28.5 

42.9 

139 

133 

125 

.88.9 

358 

93.1 

103 

73.7 

20.5 

36.7

103

Per 

square 

mile.

a 594

.894 

2.90 

2.77 

2.60 

1.85 

7.46 

1.94 

2.15 

1.54 

.427 

.765

2.15

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

1.00 

3.34 

3.19 

2.80 

2.13 

8.32 

2.24 

2.40 

1.78 

.49 

.85

29.22
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&16, PART I.

BORDER BROOK NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At the outlet of Borden Brook reservoir in the town of Granville, 2 miles 

above the confluence of Borden and Pebble brooks and about 8 miles west of 

Westfield.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1910, to September 30, 1916.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow determined from a continuous record of the 

head on a 5-foot sharp-crested weir without end contractions. The results are 

then corrected for the apparent gain or loss in stored water in the reservoir but 

no allowance is made for evaporation.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Ma'ximurn 24-hour flow recorded during year, 142 secondfeet on April 1; minimum apparent flow, 0.0 second-feet at various times when 

the apparent storage release was equal to or greater than the measured flow at the 

weir.

1910-1916: Maximum 24-hour flow recorded, 294 second-feet on October 21, 

1911; minimum apparent flow, 0.0 second-feet.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by the board of water commissioners of Springfield through E. E. Lochridge, chief engineer.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. . ... . ....

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

9S

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

9.3

.1

.2

.3

.4

. .4

.4

.3

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

Nov.

0.2

.2

.1

.1

.2

.1

40

24

24

12

19

3.5

5.0

3.2

2.2 o '9

9 8

2.8

Dec.

.5

.7

63

46

29

34

32

14

17

107

101

62

51

qC

30

Jan.

19

16

15

14

1.4

8.6

8.6

8.1

7.6

7.6

7 a

7.6

7.2

6.7

6.7

6.7

5.8

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

7.8

11

11

38

59

92

75

40

28

32

Feb.

32

OA

15

19

16

14

12

4.3

5.0

4.6

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

3.2

1.7

129

108

49

44tf\

Mar.

50

29

13

15

13

4.6

5.0

5.0

4.6

q C

9 Pi

2.2

1 9

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6.

6.3

18

25

75

9Q

16

48

V7

102

124

Apr.

142

96

66

66

59

59

50

50

40

50

40la

50

115

78

50

59

40

50

31

31

31

46

28

8.7

1ft

19

on

91

19

May.

6.3

12

25

18

5.4

12

13

11

8.6

6.2

27

87itfi

32

18

19

17

15

4.2

11

q /i

4.4

4 4

4.4

June.

0.4

34

12

13

16

30

26

01

17

18

2.0

4.6

20

34

29

32

31

14

5.4

9 0

6.8

99

15

5.7

o o

July

3.3

2.5

25

9 O

12

8.2

5.0

1 O

4.2

19

7.0

10

11

98

40

09

19

3.5

7.2

Aug.

3.3

1.2

17

11

11

Sept.

67

11

11

11

22

11

97

^

NOTE. Discharge determined by subtracting from the quantity of water passing over the weir the 

quantity apparently released from the reservoir, or by adding the amount apparently stored in the reservoir, as indicated by elevation of water surface in the reservoir. As no allowance has been made for evaporation and seepage from the reservoir, the results show the natural flow at the outlet of the reservoir only 

approximately. For days for which discharge is not given, the amount apparently released from storage 

was equal to or greater than the amount passing over the weir.
CONNECTICUT BIVEB BASIN. 113

Monthly discharge of Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 8 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

tl&y............. ..............................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9.3 

40 

107 

92 

129 

124 

142 

87 

34 

40 

17 

67

142

Minimum.

1.4

8.7

Mean.

0.51 

4.74 

20.6 

18.3 

19.5 

20.6 

50.0 

13.5 

14.4 

7.31 

1.40 

5.33

14.6

Per 

square 

mile.

0.064 

.592 

2.58 

2.29 

2.44 

2.58 

6.25 

1.69 

1.80 

.914 

.175 

.666

1.82

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on ' 

drainage 

area).

0.07 

.66 

2.97 

2.64 

2.63 

2.97 

6.97 

1.95 

2.01 

1.05 

.20 

.74

24.86

NOTE, For months for which no minimum is given see footnote to daily discharge. 

FARMINGTON RIVER NEAR NEW BOSTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge a quarter of a mile below Clam River and about 1 

mile south of New Boston, Berkshire County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 92.7 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 27, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on left bank, downstream side of 

bridge, with hook gage inside the well; vertical staff on bridge abutment is 

used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rocky and filled with boulders; control practically 

permanent, except as affected by removal of rocks in measuring section.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year from water-stage 

recorder, 6.72 feet at 10 a. m. December 26 (discharge, by extension of rating 

curve, 2,120 second-feet). A stage of 8.75 was recorded at 4 a. m. February 26, 

but the water was held back by an ice jam. Minimum stage during year from 

water-stage recorder, 2.80 feet at 2 p. m. September 22 (discharge, 36 secondfeet).

1913-1916: Maximum open water stage from water-stage recorder, 7.64 feet on 

October 26,1913 (discharge, 3,200 second-feet); minimum stage from water-stage 

recorder, 2.22 feet on August 27,1913 (discharge, 4.4 second-feet).

ICE. River usually frozen over during greater part of winter; ice jams occasionally 

form below the gage causing several feet of backwater.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Otis reservoir about 5 miles above New 

Boston and by operation of a woodworking shop just above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when ice is 

present. Rating curve well defined. The operation of water-stage recorder was 

satisfactory throughout the year except for short periods as shown in footnote to 

daily discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table 

to mean daily gage heights determined by inspection of gage height graph or, 

for days of considerable fluctuation, by averaging the means of four-hour periods. 

Results only fair for winter but good for open-water periods. 

99282° 18 WSP 431 8
114 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

Discharge measurements of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., dwing the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by Hardin Thweatt.]

Date.

Ttaf* 9ft

height.

Feet. 

4 54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

A.V7

Date.

Jan. 21. ......................

««.

Feet. 

4.06

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

253

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

U..... .........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

25

26........:.....

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Oct.

40

51

61

65

61

88

77

107

112

98

80

81

78

75

73

45

40

39

40

65

86

56

55

68

94

131

162

116

112

105

100

Nov.

93

84

84

82

85

78

77

75

85

47

76

77

68

85

102

141

107

104

112

OftQ

151

122

98

85

7H

67

65

65

67

85

Dec.

77

71

68

66

66

63

60

56

54

52

51

50

48

47

46

45

44

238

550

JCC

one

356

337

302

254

1,060

875

680

525

435

V7H

Jan.

320

320

286

9fiQ

302

415

356

OQA

253

224

210

185

173

173

151

151

141

141

131

151

01^,1

375

575

JOE

375

525

QAf\

1.140

710

<;nft

Feb.

625

435

337

254

254

238

210

162

162

151

151

151

151

141

173

151

112

112

199

122

105

210

650

ROC

435

415

Mar.

320

224

197

141

141

162

162

131

. 122

112

105

105

105

OS

on

on

on

100

on

90

100

100

100

120

110

120

130

175

240

650

980

Apr.

1,220

1,220

875

710

550

550

500 AA*\

395

356

356

500

575

710

Q4.1

710

710

625

525

455

415

435

525

525

478

415

375

375

41 <;

356

May.

320

238

197

224

185

173

151

151

141

141

122

114

106

100

105

114

356

356

269

210

173

162

185

185

162

141

122

122

122

118

114

June.

96

88

87

151

131

151

122

118

120

118

122

131

131

122

122

131

254

269

210

210

173

162

141

131

131

210

131

112

100

82

July.

64

63

112

131

105

99

84

77

122

141

122

107

162

337

141

106

100

106

96

80

QQ

112

108

105

OK

114

151

118

94

78

70

Aug.

70

63

60

56

102

110

114

122

141

120

112

107

105

105

102

102

102

98

96

QA

Oft

110

122

197

141

131

131

122

131

131

122

Sept.

118

118

114

112

112

114

110

107

107

108

102

99

99

98

141

320

131

141

62

51

if.

37

40

(U

52

41

41

35

46

141

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 7-18, Jan. 9-20, Feb. 13-26, and Mar. 15-29: discharge ascertained by means of [gage heights, observer's notes, weather records, and comparison of gageheight graph with similar hydrographs for stations in nearby drainage basins. No recordTby water-stage 

recorder Dec. 10-13 and Apr. 7-8,18; daily discharge estimated by comparison with records at stations 

on near-by streams.
HOUSATONTC RIVER BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Farmington River near New Boston,

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 92.7 square miles.]

115

,, for the year ending

Month.

October. . .....................................

January .......................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

162 

269 

1,060 

1,140 

650 

980 

1,220 

356 

269 

337 

197 

320

1,220

Minimum.

39 

47 

44 

131 

105 

90 

356 

100 

82 

63 

56 

35

35

Mean.

79.4 

93.7 

252 

349 

239 

177 

575 

174 

142 

113 

110 

96.9

200

Per 

square 

mile.

0.857 

1.01 

2.72 

3.76 

2.58 

1.91 

6.20 

1.88 

1.53 

1.22 

1.19 

1.05

2.16

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.99 

1.13 

3.14 

4.34 

2.78 

2.20 

6.92 

2.17 

1.71 

1.41 

1.37 

1.17

29.33

HOTJSATONIC RIVER BASIN. 

HOTTSATONIC RIVER NEAR GREAT BARRXKGTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about one-fourth mile northeast of Van Deusenville 

station of New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (Berkshire division) and 

2 miles north of Great Barrington, Berkshire County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 280 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 17, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Inclined staff attached to concrete anchorages on downstream side of left 

abutment of highway bridge; vertical high-water section attached to bridge 

abutment; read by Martin Love.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of highway bridge or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; control practically 

permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.0 feet at 5 p. m. 

March 31 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, 5,300 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded during year, 0.8 foot at 7 a. m. November 7 (discharge, 22 secondfeet).

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 8.0 feet on March 31, 1916 (approximate 

discharge, 5,300 second-feet). Zero flow recorded at various times caused by 

storage of water at Housatonic.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by ice for short periods during 

 the winter.

REGULATION. Storage above dam of a paper mill at Housatonic, about a mile above 

station, causes low flow on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation evidently changed during the high water of 

December, 1915. Rating curve used before December 26 well defined below 

1,700 second-feet; curve used after that date fairly well defined by discharge 

measurements below 1,400 second-feet and by shape of old curve. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for a few days in February. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying the rating table 

to mean daily gage heights. Results fair.
116 SUKFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

Discharge measurements of Housatonic River near Great.Barrington, Mass., during

year ending Sept. 30,1916.

[Made by Hardin Thweatt.]

Date.

Jan. 23..... ...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.09

3.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

996

1,250

Date.

Sept. 13.. ....................

13......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.67

1.65

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

181

179

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ilousatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

355

180

122

375

275

101

225

355

255

210

295

335

315

275

275

75

150

225

255

275

255

165

75

100

150

195

165

255

225

135

125

Nov.

ISO

225

153

180

210

150

48

165

180

ISO

195

240

1Q1

150

100

125

315

295

315

255

255

195

110

147

275

210

210

87

165

165

Dec.

210

315

335

255

153

165

225

210

275

100

67

87

122

165

150

141

195

840

1,820

1,190

1,050

910

875

550

3,700

3,140

3,050

2,330

2 AQA

1,280

Jan.

1,060

850

990

7Qft

820

oon

QOft

920

670

700

730

700

JQA

390

340

340

520

don

340

440

365

550

1,200

ooft

1 060

i i^in

1,600

3,050

3,140

2 CAA

1,760

Feb.

2,080

2,160

1,920

1 600

1^200

820

Q9fl

820

790

730

550

415 ion

390

ton

390

don

640

640

465

490

580

465

465

580

670

1,130

1,060

790

Mar.

730

700

640

550 ion

ion

465

280

520

520

520

415

390

520

465

490

415

390

365

440

490

465

440

465

390

300

490

700

1,280

1,680

3,900

Apr.

3,500

4,200

3,900

3,140

2,420

1,920

1,920

1,680

1,280

1,360

1,280

1,130

1,760

1,760

2,960

2,780

2,510

2,240

1,920

1,680

1,520

1,360

1,360

1,600

1,760

1,600

1,280

1,280

1,060

990

May.

990

820

760

640

610

760

465

610

550

550

550

440

390

320

205

390

520

700

990

520

365

490

610

490

580

390

415

220

365

340

300

June.

340

340

280

365

415

550

550

440

390

340

300

300

A4f\

390

300

280

240

365

465

465

440

465

136

190 jfin

300

440

365

340

205

July.

390

300

300

365

415

390

340

220

300

260

415

340

300

415

520

190

Odn

300

390

300

300

365

260

300 s(fin

280

320

280

150

220

280

Aug.

280

205

220

190

220

116

240

190

220

205

175

128

idn

260 ion

190

190

140

140

48

124

14ft

160

220

175

132

73

160

150

220

160

Sept.

160

65

57

120

110

on

205 idn

102

110

150

100

122

550

390

520

390

365

280

260

190

112

51

108

160

175

92

160

240

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Feb. 13-16; discharge ascertained by means of gage 

heights, observer's notes, and weather records.
HOUSATONIC EIVEE BASIN. 117

Monthly discharge of Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., for the

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 280 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

November. ....................................

December .....................................

January .......................................

February. .....................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

375 

315 

3,700 

3,140 

2,160 

3,900 

4,200 

990 

550 

520 

280 

550

4,200

Minimum.

75 

48 

67 

340 

390 

280 

990 

205 

136 

150 

48 

51

48

Mean.

222 

189 

842 

1,000 

829 

655 

1,970 

527 

357 

313 

174 

189

604

Per 

square 

mile.

0.793 

.675 

3.01 

3.57 

2.96 

2.34 

7.04 

1.88 

1.28 

1.12 

.621 

.675

2.16

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.91 

.75 

3.47 

4.12 

3.19 

2.70 

7.86 

2.17 

1.43 

1.29 

.72 

.75

29.36

HOTJSATONIC RIVER AT FALLS VILLAGE, CONN.

LOCATION. About half a mile below the power plant of the Connecticut Power Co. 

at Falls Village, Litchfield County, 23 miles north of Gaylordsville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 644 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 11, 1912, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on left bank; staff gage inside the 

well and vertical staff on river bank 25 feet upstream; chain gage 300 feet upstream 

used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep and fairly uniform in cross section; one 

channel at all stages. Control not clearly defined except at low stages; probably 

permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

11.45 feet at 10 a. m., April 3 (discharge, 6,960 second-feet); stage practically 

zero flow at various times during August and September, owing to storage of 

water above power plant.

1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 13.3 feet on March 29, 1914 (discharge, 

8,830 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, zero flow at various times owing to 

storage of water above power plant.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by ice for short periods during 

the winter.

REGULATION. The flow at low water is completely regulated by the power plant at 

Falls Village.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, open-water rating curve 

used throughout the year. Rating curve developed for chain gage and well 

defined between 200 and 3,000 second-feet, above 3,000 second-feet curve 

extended by logarithmic plotting, using results of 3 float measurements made 

between gage heights 12 and 13 feet, rating table for gage heights from waterstage recorder derived from chain gage rating curve by applying a correction for 

slope between the two gages. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory 

throughout the year except for occasional days as indicated in the footnote to. 

the daily discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: October 1 to
118 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

July 31 by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights determined by 

planimeter; August 1 to September 30, by use of discharge integrator. Results 

excellent.

COOPEBATION. All discharge measurements and computations prior to March 1,1916, 

made by engineers of Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation.

Discharge measurements of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by Hardin Thweatt.]

Date.

Aug. 18.. .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

657

Date. Gage

Feet. 

2.68

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

639

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

436

512

297

678

492

460

583

583

725

294

632

472

547

468

472

460

19S

440

404

538

534

476

444

193

360

392

392

380

464

534

199

Nov.

520

388

424

420

404

311

202

384

400

380

360

283

300

193

408

432

408

440

556

855

664

755

516

664

255

560

480

238

596

420

Dec.

412

428

432

408

220

460

396

380

356

484

412

269

504

945

619

496

480

845

1,830

2,880

3,050

2,770

2,480

2,230

2,040

3,800

5,340

5,670

5,220

4,360

3,560

Jan.

2,740

2,340

1,880

2,120

2,060

2,170

2,430

2,200

1,870

1,650

1,550

1,490

1.430

1,540

1,540

1 4IYI

1,180

1,420

1,500

1,360

1,340

1,440

2 7fin

2,850

2,550

2,480

3,170

4,290

4,770

4,690

4,100

Feb.

3,740

3,650

3,360

2,910

2,590

2,320

1,960

1,640

1,660

1,580

1,460

1,260

1,110

1,200.

1,120

i 9on

1,320

1,240

1,450

1,370

1,340

1,000

1,080

1,160.

1,180

2,650

2 din

2 t\fti

2 9W1

Mar.

1,980

1,740

1,560

1,390

1,310

1 14fl

1.170

1,310

1,250

1,120

1,020

1,100

1,120

1 (Ufl

1,040

1.200

1,200

1,120

1,070

1,070

895

995

920

845

7Q1

698

1,100

1,500

3,110

4 eon

Apr.

5,830

6,620

6,720

6,080

5,150

4,360

3,840

3,610

3,250

3^040

2,830

2,690

2,970

3.180

4,060

4,360

4,140

3,840

3,540

3,250

2,900

2,690"

2,760

2,900

2 onn

2,690

2,420

2,230

2 ifin

1,980

May.

1,800

1,620

1,440

1,560

1,500

1,390

1,120

1,310

1 170

1,220

1,070

1 020

795

540

945

820

1,020

1,680

1,680

1 44fl

1,220

1,120

945

1,120

1,120

995

845

459

1,070

415

Q7n

June.

920

720

675

603

1,040

1,040

945

845

970

820

403

970

745

698

698

675

603

630

1,070

1,070

1,070

970

870

720

274

870

820

870

745

720

July.

576

274

423

945

1,020

770

770

720

340

945

1,040

870

1,020

2,300

1,860

1,190

1,070

1,020

1 100

920

995

820

284

698

630

795

1,120

1,170

770

532

630

Aug.

700

570

560

590

530

300

580

470

640

550

550

450

150

650

 565

530

360

430

370

133

460

325

255

410

435

440

120

540

325

405

395

Sept.

395

. 250

70

200

350

335

285

235

300

100

265

230

240

230

360

1,220

1 *920 280

540

685

535

410

640

28Q

410

425

460

420

4fin

935

NOTE. Jan. 2-3, record from water-stage recorder unreliable; discharge estimated.
HOUSATONIC EIVEE BASIN. 119

Monthly discharge of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 644 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

March. ........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

725 

855 

5,670 

4,770 

3,740 

4,590 

6,720 

1,800 

1,070 

2.300 

700 

1,280

6,720

Minimum.

193 

193 

220 

1,180 

1,000 

698 

1,980 

415 

274 

274 

120 

70

70

Mean.

450 

441 

1,730 

2,270 

1,870 

1,380 

3,630 

1,140 

802 

890 

445 

449

1,290

Per 

square 

mile.

0.699 

.685 

2.69 

3.52 

2.90 

2.14 

5.64 

1.77 

1.25 

1.38 

.691 

.697

2.00

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.81 

.76 

3.10 

4.06 

3.13 

2.47 

6.29 

2.04 

1.40 

1.59 

.80 

.78

27.23

POMPERAUG RIVER AT BENNETTS BRIDGE, CONN.

LOCATION. About one-fifth mile above the confluence of the Pomperaug with Housatonic River, one-fourth mile north of Bennetts Bridge, New Haven County, and 

1 mile east of the Sandy Hook Railroad station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 89.3 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Inclined staff in three parts, attached to rock ledge and to tree on right bank; 

read by W. H. Ingram.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable at gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel irregular and covered with gravel and boulders. 

Control is formed by large rocks about 100 feet below the gage and is sharply 

defined.

EXTREMES OP'DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.4 feet at 5 p. m. 

December 26 (discharge, 2,080 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.92 foot 

at 7 a. m. September 13, 14, and 15 (discharge, 19 second-feet).

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7.4 feet March 2, 1914 (discharge, 2,520 

. second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.68 foot September 20, 1914 (discharge, 

7.7 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms on control and river below the gage, affecting the stage-discharge 

relation.

REGULATION. Power plants at South Britain, 2J miles above the station, cause a 

small diurnal fluctuation at low stages.

ACCURACY. Control has been changed at various times in previous years due to 

obstructions. Rating curve well defined below 400 second-feet; above that it is 

parallel to 1913 and 1914 curves. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice-daily, except 

in winter, when it was read once a day. Discharge ascertained by applying 

rating table to mean daily gage heights. Results good.
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by Hardin Thweatt.]

Date.

Dec 21

Jan. 22 ............................

Mar. 27 ...........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

"2.74

o3.ll

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

223

161

295

Date.

Mar.27. .........................

Aug. 17. .........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.86

1.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

318

385

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

48

78

112

84

77

89

77

197

165

106

87

77

70

67

74

65

61

57

54

62

78

70

61

56

55

52

82

78

70

61

' 57

Nov.

54

54

51

48

51

51

47

47

48

50

47

47

46

45

60

97

71

61

88

257

135

112

97

89

84

79

72

74

75

78

Dec.

72

67

65

58

56

56

51

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

56

154

535

270

245

197

175

175

175

2,010

680

500

425

320

220

Jan.

220

245

232

175

197

605

270

245

220

208

197

197

208

220

197

175

175

175

165

165

154

154

154

154

208

270

425

410

282

245

245

Feb.

257

220

208

220

197

175

208

165

154

154

144

135

126

118

118

118

118

118

118

110

110

103

103

103

103

1,520

570

380

320

Mar.

282

232

208

197

175

165

154

154

154

154

144

135

165

154

135

135

154

154

118

118

110

106

106

106

103

115

295

605

950

1.730

1,270

Apr.

1,100

1,050

800

605

470

380

350

308

350

365

320

295

282

440

410

295

270

258

220

197

197

220

258

220

197

175

164

164

164

144

May.

135

126

118

126

118

115

no

109

154

110

101

87

79

75

95

112

500

258

175

135

116

106

144

154

126

103

91

112

175

144

144

June.

109

87

84

106

100

164

103

135

118

115

115

126

96

83

75

75

470

258

220

245

154

154

116

101

118

175

110

96

83

70

July.

62

57

144

115

83

72

64

54

61

96

92

92

87

232

106

79

68

67

57

51

51

54

55

50

47

91

126

115

71

58

55

Aug.

48

42

40

38

36

36

36

45

97

61

96

66

50

41

37

33

35

32

30

28

27

27

27

61

41

33

32

41

62

41

34

Sept.

33

29

27

27

28

23

25

25

25

22

20

20

20

21

22

106

41

33

61

44

33

30

30

30

29

27

26.

24 25

175

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6-25, Jan. 8-24, and Feb. 12-25. Discharge ascertained from gage heights corrected for backwater by means of two discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records.
HUDSON BIVER BASIN, 121

Monthly discharge of Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1916.

[Drainage area, 89.3 square miles.]

Month.

October..... ..... .. ...................

November. ....................................

December. ....................................

January......... .... ........... ... . .....

February. ............................... ^ .....

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June......... . ......

July.............. ... ... ..... .....

August. .......................................

September. ....................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

197 

257 

2.010 

605 

1,520 

1.730 

1.100 

500 

470 

232 

97 

175

2,010

Minimum.

48 

45 

47 

154 

103 

106 

144 

75 

70 

47 

27 

20

20

Mean.

78.3 

73.8 

225 

232 

224 

283 

356 

137 

135 

81.0 

43.6 

36.0

159

Per 

square 

mile.

0.877 

.826 

2.52 

2.60 

2.51 

3.17 

3.99 

1.53 

1.51 

.907 

.488 

.403

1.78

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

- 1.01 

.92 

2.90 

3.00 

2.71 

3.66 

4.45 

1.76 

1.68 

1.05 

.56 

.45

24.15

HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 

HUDSON RIVER. NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. 7.

LOCATION. About 1 mile below the mouth of Cedar Biver, 14, miles above the mouth 

of Indian Biver and 6 miles northeast of Indian Lake village, Hamilton County.

DRAINAGE AREA, 418 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

BECORDS AVAILABLE. August 30 to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Gurley printing water-stage recorder on right bank. Inspected by John A. 

Bolton.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 100 yards below gage or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid ledge overlain with coarse gravel; probably permanent.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice,

BEGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation due to logging operations for a short time 

during the spring months. Seasonal distribution of flow is natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Bating curve fairly 

well defined between 75 and 600 second-feet. Operations of recorder satisfactory. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table. Besults good.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916. .

[Made by O. W. Hartwell.]

Date.

Aug. 31...........................

height.

Feet. 

1.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

87

Date.

Aug. 31. ........................

AT,

Feet. 

1.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

86
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER AT THTTRMAN, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Delaware & Hudson Railroad bridge near Thurman railroad station, 

Warren Comity, about half a mile below mouth of Schroon River and about 13 

milea above the mouth of Sacandaga River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,550 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 1, 1907, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE.-^-Chain, at upstream side of center of left bridge span; S. H. Spencer, observer.

DISCHAIMJE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.77 feet at 4 p. m. 

May 18 (discharge, 16,900 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.43 feet at 8 a. m. and 

4 p. m. September 29 (discharge, 704 second-feet).

1907-1916: Maximum stage, 12.5 feet during the late evening of March 27,1913, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (approximate discharge, 46,000 secondfeet), minimum stage recorded, 2.12 feet at 8.55 a. m. and 6.20 p. m. September 

30, 1913 (discharge, 290 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Gage observations usually 

suspended. Discharge estimated from records at North Creek and River bank.

REGULATION. Discharge is regulated to some extent by the storage reservoirs at 

Indian Lake and Schroon Lake and the mills on the Schroon River.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent affected by ice during 

large part of the period from December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well 

defined between 550 and 20,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundreds twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. 

Results good. Estimated results during frozen period fairly good.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 8

Feb. 17

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

<l 47

05.15

Discharge.

Sec.-/*,

2,140

Pate.

Aug. 10

Made by 

O. W.Hartwell........

£R

Feet. 

6.51

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.~ft. 

11,800

1,340

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 125

Daily discharge, m second-feet, of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO,-1916.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7. ..........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16........................... 

17........................... 

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22........................... 

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

1,080

1,150

1,080

1,150

1,150

2,370

2,720

2,370

1,640

1,380

1,460

1,220

1,220

1,460

1,460

1,460 

1,300 

1,300

1,460

1,640

1,940 

1,940 

1,380

1,150

1,080

960

1,550

1 4fin

1,640

1,550

1,460

Nov.

1,550

1,380

1,460

1,460

1,220

1,220

1,150

1,300

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,220

1,640 

1,940 

1,640

1,550

2,370

2,600 

2,260 

2,040

1,740

1,550

1,220

1,150

i inn

1,550

1,840

Dec.

1,940

1,840

1,640

1,550

1,460

1

OfW\

1,150

1,080

1,150

960

........

........

........

Apr.

9,000

11,400

9,860

9,140

8,100

7,760

7 430

6,470

6,170

5,580

5,580

5,870

6,170

5,870

5,870

5,870 

6,780 

8,100

7,430

6,470

5,870 

5,870 

9,140

12,500

11,700

10,200

9,860

9,860

10,200

7,760

May.

8,440

7,430

8,440

7,100

8,100

7,100

5,580

4,140

4,140

5,580

3,200

5,290

3,200

2,370

2,370

6,470 

7,760 

16,200

13,700

9,500

8,440 

8,100 

5,580

11,000

6,170

6,470

7,100

4 140

4' 140

8,440

5,000

June.

3,860

3,460

3,080

3,080

3,080

2,840

2,720

2,600

2,480

2,840

2,480

2,840

2,960

2 sun

2,600

2,600 

3,080 

2,480

3,860

3,590

4,140 

3,200 

2,840

2,840

2,480

2,600

2,260

2,370

2,260

2,260

July.

1,940

1,460

1,840

2,040

2,150

i Rdn

1 74ft

1,460

1,220'

1,550

1,300

1,220

1,220

2,370

2,260

1,940 

1,840 

1,300

1,080

1,020

905 

850 

960

1,300

1,740

1,220

960

1,020

850

805

1,220

Aug.

1,020

1,020

905

960

850

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,460

1,220

1,300

1,220

1,220

1 220

1,150

1,080 

1,080 

905

1,080

1,220

1,150 

1,300 

1,460

1,380

1,380

1,080

1,220

1,380

1,220

960

1,020

Sept.

1,080

1,080

1,020

1,150

1,220

1 iiai

1,150

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,080

960

1,080

Qfifl

1,300

1,300 

1,150 

960

610

960

1,020 

1,020 

1,460

1,940

1,460

1,220

1,150

720

720

760

NOTE. Daily discharge Dec. 11 to Mar. 31, not computed because of ice. No gage-height record Pec. 15 

to Apr. 1. Daily discharge Apr. 1, estimated.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30 1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,550 square miles.)

Month.

December. ....................................

March.........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,720 

2,600

12,500 

16,200 

4,140 

2,370 

1,460 

1,940

16,200

Minimum.

960 

960

5,580 

2,370 

2,260 

805 

850 

610

610

Mean.

1,490 

1,500 

1,320 

2,610 

3,450 

3,100 

7,930 

6,800 

2,890 

1,440 

1,170 

1,090

2,890

Per 

square 

mile.

0.961 

.968 

.852 

1.68 

2.23 

2.00 

5.12 

4.39 

1.86 

.929 

.755 

.703

1.86

Run-off 

(depth in 

incfieson 

drainage 

area).

1.11 

1.08 

.98 

1.94 

2.40 

2.31 

5.71 

5.06 

2.08 

1.07 

.87 

.78

25.39

NOTE. Mean discharge Dec. 11 to Mar. 31 estimated by comparison with records of flow 01 adjacent 

streams; discharge Dec. 11-31 estimated at 1,280 second-feet. The monthly discharge in scjond-feet 

per square mile and the run-off depthin inches shown by the table do not represent the natural flowfrom the 

basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the 

natural flow.
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER AT MECHANICVXLLE, N. T.

LOCATION. At the Duncan dam of the West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co., in Mechanicville, Saratoga County, 3,700 feet above Anthony Kill and 1£ miles below Hoosic 

River and about 39 miles above Mohawk Elver.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1888 to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Water-stage recorder at the dam, installed in 1910; previous to that date staff

COMPUTATIONS OP DISCHARGE. Discharge over spillway determined from a rating 

curve based on United States Geological Survey coefficients for dams of ogee 

section. Discharge through turbines estimated from records of their operation.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 35,800 second-feet 

April 2; minimum daily discharge, 882 second-feet August 27.

1888-1936: Maximum discharge recorded, 120,000 second-feet at 6 a. m. March 

28,1913. 1 The plant is occasionally shut down and the flow of the river stored in 

the pond so that the discharge below the station becomes practically zero.

DIVERSIONS. Water diverted above this station into the Champlain canal. During 

1915 a barge canal lock through the Duncan dam was completed and put into 

operation. No correction was made for these two diversions.

COOPERATION. Records computed and furnished by Mr. W. J. Barnes, engineer of 

the West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Mechanwvilk, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6.. ........... .'

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

3,833

3,279

2,000

3,230

3,231

4,192

5,363

5,158

5,156

4,259

4,341

4,481

4,266

4,069

4,101

4,147

6,484

4,540

4,644

4,753

5,025

4,502

5,347

4,243

4,111

4,138

3,843

3,984

3,843

5,140 

3,512

Nov.

3,655

4,507

3,357

3,572

4,243

3,505

2,223

3,194

3,420

3,686

3,232

2,513

2,852

1,573

2,786

2,699

3,110

4 554

5,075

4,978

7,181

8,209

7,826

6,893

4 QKfi

4,831

4,638

2,426

4,303

6,072

Dec.

5,577

5,536

5,247

4,746

3,963

3,937

3,760

3,595

2,919

2,714

2,564

2,290

3,009

2,761

2,954

2,647

2,464

A OAK

11,741

10,201

7,501

6,827

5,871

8,778

6,746

22,719

13,030

8,859

9,552 

7,623

Jan.

7,410

6,919

7,465

6,918

6,148

7,600

7,517

6,277

4,761

6,865

6,248

6,768

6,810

6,347

5,955

4,534

6,107

5,679

5,209

4,973

5,287

8,622

13,405

11,395

11,964

12,804

19,762

25,693

25,628

24,315 

24,899

Feb.

21,614

18,378

14,994

17,353

14,174

13,442

14,964

10,835

9,044

9,746

7,943

6,420

6,250

6,517

6,454

6,525

6,733

7,005

6,435

5,329

6,471

5,292

6,505

7 4fl7

13,024

14,361

13,067

11,010

Mar.

9,720

9,360

10,173

8,571

8,316

8,751

7,892

7,822

7,263

6,891

5,971

6,515

7,149

6,482

6,238

6,248

4,806

6,085

5,874

7,096

7,164

6,605

5,677

5,500

6,355

5,774

6,937

9,258

16,442

26,389 

32,955

Apr.

32,839

35,845

31,820

31,626

28,624

25,761

24,349

21,869

19,780

18, 134

16,409

16,953

17,569

19,968

20,777

19,640

19,938

22,223

20,678

19,028

18,987

19,781

21,526

25,230

25,625

25,639

23,864

24,021

20,447

19,549

May.

18,189

16, 151

15,570

14,948

14,230

12,413

11,920

11,514

12,494

11,434

9,441

8,025

7,240

6,701

6,424

6,517

14,790

24,379

26,977

19,646

18,594

17,848

14,577

14,087

14,244

11,549

10,289

8,277

7,822

8,270 

9,225

June.

7,467

6,929

6,580

7,078

7,264

5,975

5,423

5,632

4,892

4,425

4,831

5,905

5,554

5,823

5,465

5,621

5,520

9,261

11,076

10,961

10,592

9,845

8,657

6,854

6,774

6,873

6,697

6,980

6,176

5,785

July.

4,197

4,265

7^117

6,807

7,464

6,610

4,227

5,728

4, 751

4,073

4,107

3,905

3,474

4,257

4,062

3,961

4,397

4,026

3,975

3,144

2,287

2,172

1,443

2,811

2,787

3,529

3,531

3,041

2,180

1,544 

3,011

Aug.

2,422

2,111

2,219

2,217.

1,668

1,099

1,877

1,574

1,798

2,103

2,223

1,881

930

1,934

1,966

1,814

1,847

1,557

1,389

1,209

1,495

1,189

1,275

1,927

1,584

1,490

882

1,592

2,205

2,649

1,758

Sept.

1,551

1,217

999

1,023

1,673

1,889

2,074

 1,657

1,495

902

1,147

1,703

1,854

1,770

1,926

2,406

2,056

3,021

2,829

2,140

1,912

2,034

1,864

1,086

2,438

3,231

3,102

2,531

2,392

1,705

NOTE. See "Diversions" above.

i Highest known flood prior to this time occurred April, 1869. Calculated discharge, 70,000 second-feet. 

See Water Supply Paper 65, p. 51, and report of U. S. Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways, Pt. I, pp.

377-388.
HUDSON" RIVER BASIN". 129

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y".,for the year ending Sept. 80,

1916. 

[Drainage area, 4,500 square miles.]

Month.

December. .....................................

February.......................................

April...........................................

May...... ......................................

June...........................................

July............................................

September. . . __ ..............................

The year .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,484 

8,209 

22,719 

25,693 

21,614 

32,955 

35,845 

26,977 

11,076 

7,464 

2,422 

3,231

35,845

Minim iiiri2,000 

1,573 

2,290 

4,534 

5,292 

4,806 

16,409 

6,424 

4,425 

1,443 

882 

902

882

Mean.

4,300 

4,200 

6,630 

10,000 

10,100 

8,910 

22,900 

13,000 

6,900 

3,930 

1,710 

1,920

7,850

Per 

square 

mile.

0.956 

.933 

1.47 

2.22 

2.24 

1.98 

5.09 

2.89 

1.53 

.873 

.380 

.427

1.74

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.10 

1.04 

1.70 

2.56 

2.42 

2.28 

5.68 

3.33 

1.71 

1.01 

' .44 

.48

23.75

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches shown 

by the table do not represent the natural flow in the basin because of artificial storage. See "Diversions" 

above.

CEDAR RIVER NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge about 2 miles west of Indian Lake Village, 

Hamilton County, 8 miles by river above Rock River, 10 miles by river below 

Wakely dam and about 12 miles above the mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 85 square miles. (Measured on topographic maps.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 15, 1911, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain, at downstream side of bridge; Chauncy Hill, observer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and large boulders; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.15 feet at 6 

p. m. May 17 (discharge about 3,700 second-feet); minimum stage 2.2 feet at 7 

p. m. September 7 (discharge, 8 second-feet).

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 12.15 feet at 6 p. m. May 17, 1916 (discharge, about 3,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.10 feet at 4 p. m. 

September 27, 1915 (discharge, about 5 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Cedar River flow is controlled by a lumberman's dam (Wakely dam) 

which is used to make flood waves during the spring for log-driving.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Affected by ice from 

December to March. Rating curve well denned between 15 and 600 second-feet. 

Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Results good except during logdriving operations in the spring.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

15

Made by 

..,..do .................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3

OE

3.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

94

96

Date.

May 27

Aug. 20

Made by 

.....do..................

AT,

Feet. 

3.70

2.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

165

54

99282° 18 WSP 431 9
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1.... ................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Oct.

27

27

27

27

344

478

9Qfi

Q7A

Q7A

979

184

199

80

74

86

80

100

on.

<y?

68

100

86

86

74

80

80

100

74

86

86

74

Nov.

107

80

80

107

80

86

86

80

86

86

100

74

56

74

370

668

478

272

114

260

396

979

184

9O.4

184

204

272

248

Apr.

634

422

Attf\

248

248

OQft

422

478

924

2,800

2,700

450

396

2,600

May.

344

450

538

1,340

320

308

9fl4

478

478 MB

602

272

146

164

1,820

2,700

1,780

1,000

1,420

634

924

1,780

634

570

508

CAQ

100

886

320

146

June.

320

308

O7A

478

422

370

QQ«

450

602

478

Q7A

*>AA

344

226

248

284

215

184

204

204

174

164

130

146

114

114

100

86

86

July.

86

100

114 inn

86

86

86 inn

86

fi9

68fifi

184

9Qfi

one

184

114

100

100

44

44

74

138

308

272

86

80

68

68

74

62

Aug.

60

57

54

69

on

60

CO

60

100

80

74

74

74

R9

R9

54

54

50

49

^f\

44

47

54

54

54

54

44

 44

36

36

36

Sept.

33

28

28

27

91

15

10

18

24

f)A

24

24

24

74

74

fi9

54

Wl

38

38

34

40

40

40

34

27

30

27

42

34

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 1-4 not computed because of eflect of ice. No gage-height record Dee. 5 to 

Apr. 15.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1916.

[Drainage area, 85 square miles.]

Month.

April 16-30...... ..............................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

478 

668 

2,800 

2,700 

602 

308 

. 100 

74

Minimum.

27 

56 

248 

100 

86 

44 

36 

10

Mean.

133 

196 

1,060 

746 

278 

117 

56.9 

34.6

Per 

square 

mile.

1.56 

2.31

12.48 

8.78 

3.27 

1.38 

.670 

.407

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.80 

2.58 

6.96 

10.12 

3.65 

1.59 

.77 

.45

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches shown 

by the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage.
HUDSOF RIVER BASIN. 131 

INDIAN LAKE RESERVOIR NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. T.

LOCATION. At the masonry storage dam at the outlet of Indian Lake, about 2 miles 

south of Indian Lake village, Hamilton County, and about 7J miles above the 

mouth of Indian River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 131 square miles, including about 9.3 square miles of water surface of Indian Lake at the elevation of the spillway of the dam (measured on 

topographic map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Records of stage and gate openings July 22, 1900, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Elevation of water surface in reservoir determined by a chain gage at the 

dam; prior to November 17,1911, a staff gage was used or readings were obtained 

by measuring down from a bench mark; read once daily by Lester Sevarie. 

Sluice-gate openings determined by graduated scales near gate stems in gatehouse.

STORAGE DAM. The masonry storage dam was completed in 1899 and replaced a 

lumbering dam at the same site. The spillway is in 5 sections, having a total 

effective length of 88.7 feet, a mean crest elevation of 33.38 feet above reservoir 

gage datum, and 1,650 feet above mean sea level. There are two logways, one 

15 feet wide with bottom at elevation 24.12 feet reservoir gage datum, the other 

14 feet wide with bottom at elevation 32.48 feet reservoir gage datum. The 

discharge at ordinary stages is through one or both of two 5-foot circular sluice 

gates, controlled independently, and taking water from separate wells in the gatehouse.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Discharge over the spillway is determined by 

means of a rating curve based on experiments made in the hydraulic laboratory 

of Cornell University. 1 Rating curves for the sluice gates have been determined 

from current-meter measurements at the gaging station on Indian River threefourths mile below the dam. The results are withheld for further study.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 36.8 feet May 18-19; 

minimum stage recorded, 17.05 feet September 30.

1900-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 38.8 feet March 28, 1913; minimum stage 

recorded, 2.0 feet March 9-18, 1907; and January 3-17, 1910.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the flow of Indian River is completely regulated 

by the reservoir. Water is held in storage until needed to supplement the flow 

of the upper Hudson during the low water period. The storage capacity is about 

4.7 billion cubic feet, equivalent to a flow of about 600 second-feet for 90 days.

i See U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 200, pages 190-192.
132 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Indian Lake Reservoir at Indian Lake, N. 3*1, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

32.85

32.75

32.65

32.55

32.8

33.0

33.1

33.3

33.35

33.4

33.45

33.5

33.35

33.2

33.1

33.0

32.9

32.8

32.7

32.6

32.45

32.35

32.35

32.4

32.4

32.25

32.05

31.85

31.6

31.4 

31.2

Nov.

31.0

30.75

30.55

30.3

30.0

29.8

29.6

29.4

29.2

29.0

28.8

28.6

28.4

28.2

28.0

27.8

27.6

27.4

27.0

27.4

27.55

27.65

27.75

27.85

27.9

28.05

28.1

28.15

28.25

28.4

Dec.

28.55

28.7

28.85

28.95

29.0

29.05

29.1

29.15

29.25

29.35

29.25

29.15

28.9

28.8

28.7

28.6

28.5

28.45

28.65

28.7

28.75

28.8

28.85

28.9

28.8

28.75

28.7

28.65

28.8

28.95 

29.05

Jan.

29.15

29.25

29.35

29.45

29.5

29.6

29.75

29.85

29.95

30 1

30.2

30.25

30.3

30.35

30.4

30.5

30.6

30.65

30.7

30.5

30.3

30.15

30.0

29.85

9Q 7

29.65

29.75

30.1

30.65

30.95 

31.25

Feb.

31.55

31.8

32.0

32.15

32.3

32.45

32.6

32.65

32.7

32.75

32.8

32.85

32.9

32.95

33.0

32.85

32.7

32.5

32.25

32.0

31.75

31.4

31.05

30.7

30.4

30.2

30.3

30.5

30 7

:::::::

Mar.

30.8

30.9

30.95

30.95

30.75

30.6

30.45

30.25

30.05

29.85

29.55

29.15

28.8

28.4

28.0

27.6

27.25

26.85

26.5

26.15

25.8

25.45

25.15

24.75

24.35

23.95

23.6

23.25

23.0

22.85 

23.2

Apr.

23.65

24.2

24.7

25.25

25.65

25.85

26.2

26.4

26.65

26.85

27.0

27.25

27.55

27.85

28.15

28.5

29.05

29.5

30.1

30.5

30.95

31.45

32.05

32.65

33.2

33.8

34.25

34.7

35.0

35.2

May.

35.45

35.65

35.85

35.95

36.0

35.95

35.85

35.75

35.7

35.65

35.6

35.55

35.4

35.3

35.2

35.4

36.1

36.8

36.8

36.65

36.4

36.25

36.05

35.95

35.85

35.7

35.6

35.45

35.3

35.25 

35.2

June.

35.1

35.0

34.95

34.9

34.85

34.75

34.65

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.7

34.7

34.65

34.6

34.5

34.45

34.8

34.9

34.95

35.0

35.05

35.00

34.95

34.85

34.8

34.75

34.6

34.55

34.5

34.45

July.

34.4

34.35

34.5

34.45

34.4

34.4

34.35

34.3

34.25

34.2

34.15

34.1

34.35

34.45

34.45

34.4

34.35

34.3

34.25

34.2

34.15

34.1

34.15

34.2

34.25

34.2

34.15

34.1

34.05

33.9 

33.8

Aug.

33.65

33.5

33.35

33.15

33.0

32.8

32.6

32.4

32. 15

31.9

31.75

31.45

31.15

30.9

30.65

30.4

30.25

29.95

29.6

29.3

28.9

28.5

28.1

27.5

27.3

26.8

26.45

26.05

25.7

25.35 

25.0

Sept.

24.65

24.3

23.9

23.5

23.1

22.8

22.4

22:05

21.7

21.45

21.0

20.65

20.3

19.9

19.8

19.5

19.3

19.35

19.1

18.7

18.45

17.9

17.8

17.8

17.5

17.4

17.3

17.2

17.1

17.05

Gate openings, in inches, at Indian Lake Reservoir near Indian Lake, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 12, 1 p. m., to Oct. 18, 6 p. m. ..................................................

Oct. 18, 6 p. m., to Oct. 22, 7 a. m ...................................................

Oct. 25, 3 p. m., to Nov. 20, 1 p. m ..................................................

Dec. 25, 6 a. m., to Dec. 28, 11 a. m. .................................................

Jan. 19. 3 p. m., to Jan. 26, 6 p. m ...................................................

Feb. 15, 4 p. m., to Feb. 16, 10a.m.................................................

Feb. 21, 3 p.m., to Feb. 26, 12m....................................................

Mar. 4, 10 a. m., to Mar. 30, 1 p. m ..................................................

Mar. 10, 12 m., to Mar . 30. 1 p. m ....................................................

Aug. 4, 1 p. m., to Aug. 12, 3 p, m. .................................................

Aug. 17, 4 p. m., to Aug. 20, 1 p. m .................................................

Sept. 10, 7 a. m. to Sept. 16, 7 p. m. .................................................

Sept. 18, 4 p.m., to Sept. 25, *p.m... ..............................................

Sept. 18, 4 p.m., to Sept. 30, 12p.m................................................

Sluice 

gate A 

open.

30 

30 

60 

60 

30 

60 

60 

36 

60

60

30 

60

20 

50 

30 

40 

60

60

Sluice 

gateB 

open.

30

60

60

60
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 133

INDIAN RIVER NEAR. INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. About three-quarters of a mile below the dam .at the outlet of Indian 

Lake, 1 mile above Big Brook, 2 miles south of Indian Lake village, Hamilton 

County, and 6J miles above the mouth.

DRAINAGE AKEA. 132 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1914; June 5 to September 30, 1916; 

also miscellaneous measurements in 1911.

GAGE. Gurley repeating water-stage recorder installed August 30, 1916, on right 

bank in a pool about 150 feet above the rapids which form the control. Prior to 

August 30,1916, a vertical staff at same location and datum was used. Gage read 

by Lester Sevarie.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 75 feet below the gage, or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rough and rocky; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. 1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7.8 feet at 4 p. m. 

March 28, 1913 (discharge about 3,460 second-feet); practically no flow when 

gates at Indian Lake are closed.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the discharge is completely regulated by operation 

of the sluice gates at Indian Lake dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 15 and 1,250 second-feet. Gage read to half 

tenths twice weekly. Discharge October 1 to August 29, ascertained by applying gage heights to rating table. Discharge August 30 to September 30 ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights, obtained from recorder graph by 

inspection, to rating table, except on days of considerable fluctuation for which 

mean discharge was ascertained by weighting discharge for irregular intervals.

Discharge measurements of Indian River near Indian Lake N. !F"M during the year ending

Sept: 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 15

15

June 26

Made by 

E . D. Burchard ..........................................................

.....do....................................................................

O.W.Hartwell... .......................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.45

2.44

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

403

402

270
134

Daily dit

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

re, in second-feet, of Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year 

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2.. ........... -

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13.. ............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

369

385

385

385

385

603

603

303

Nov.

564

564

564

436

526

v 11

11

10

Dec.

10

13

16

322

322

14

14

603

11

Jan.

13

14

14

16

16

564

603

603

32

Feb.

35

35

37

35

603

603

897

32

Mar.

35

564

Kfi4

897

853

853

853

853

853

Apn

4

4

4

4

8

16

18

224

250

May.

603

643

526

453

1,030

1,030

603

489

369

June.

307

278

264

250

264

292

264

250

July.-

212

200

189

189

200

178

168

158

402

Aug.

369

603

603

603

603

603

810

767

788

788

Sept.

810

810

810

810

788

788

788

767

746

746

746

746

725

725

725

725

338

53

607

 704

684

684

684

664

578

232

232

230

227

222

NOTE. Mean discharge for September, 613 second-feet.

SCHROON RIVER AT RIVERBANK, XT. Y.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge near Riverbank post office, Warren County, 

near Tumblehead Falls, about 9 miles below Schroon Lake and about 9 miles 

north of Warrensburg.

DRAINAGE AREA. 534 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 2, 1907 to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain, on upstream side of bridge; read by J. H. Roberts.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; occasionally shifting. Logs become lodged on 

the control for a portion of nearly every year.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.02 feet at 8 

a. m. May 19 (discharge, about 3,600 second-feet; stage-discharge relation affected 

by logs lodged on the control); minimum stage recorded, 1.16 feet at 3 p. m. 

September 29 and 30 (discharge, 89 second-feet).

1907-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.7 feet at 5 p. m. March 28, 1913 (discharge, about 13,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.85 foot at 5 p. m. 

October 17, 1909 (discharge, 28 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Schroon and Brant lakes.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent during the year except as 

follows: Affected by ice for portions of the period from December to March, 

and by logs on the control for short periods in April, May, and June. Rating 

curve well defined between 150'and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to 

rating table. Results good for periods when the stage-discharge relation is not 

affected by ice or logs. Results fairly good for other periods.
HUDSON BITER BASIN. 135

Discharge measurements of Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 13

Dec. 29

26

Feb. 16

Mar. 4

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

.....do..................

.....do..... .............

.....do..................

.....do.................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

2.32

2.16

03.00

9 79

03.57

o3.73

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

450

379

705

648

876

1,290

Date.

27

May 25

A TUT Q

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

65.43

5.56

64.77

63.60

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,950

3.330

2,070

1,050

2.00

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

6 Stage-discharge relation affected by logs lodging on control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y'.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2... ...........

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30..............

01

Oct.

388

388

333

351

369

- 388

468

468

490

468

468

468

468

468

468

468

497

407

468

468

490

468

447

447

427

427

427

dO7

Nov.

427

407

407

388

407

388

369

369

369

388

388

351

333

316

333

351

369

333

369

388

333

447

447

447

333

216

125

 468

512

535

Dec.

535

535

535

535

512

535

512

512

A(\(\

512

468

468

447

468

460

447

447

468

468

468

447

447

447

388

351

333

407

535

535

Jan.

535

560

585

610

635

635

662

662

fiQfl

690

777

' 718

635

610

585

560

535

535

512

512

535

585

610

610

610

718

800

860

1,130

1,370

1,550

Feb.

1,640

1,740

1,740

1,640

1,550

1,370

1,370

1,370

I

ooft

1,130

1,130

920

860

860

860

800

772

745

718

690

662

662

662

635

772

1,130

1,210

1,460

Mar.

1,550

1,370

1,370 i oon

1,210

1,130

1,130

i nfifi

oon

Qon

920

800

800

800

745

745

690

800

800

SOO

745

772

718

662

662

610

635

635

860

920

1,290

Apr.

1,740

2,150

2 79fl

2,960

2,960

2 Qfifl

2 dfift

2,370

2 ii?n

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,260

9 9fin

2,260

2,370

2,480

2,370

2,260

2,260

2,480

2,960

3,340

3,470

3,340

3,080

2,840

2,720

May.

2,370

2,260

2

f\Af\

1,940

1,840

1,840

1,550

1,460

1,550

1,460

1 9on

1,210

800

1,060

860

1,550

3,080

3,600

3,600

3,340

2,840

2,600

2,370

2,150

1,840

1,840

1,740

1,290

1,130

1,130

June.

1,060

1,060

990

990

990

1,290

1,130

1,210

1 460

1^370

745

1,290

1,210

1,060

1,060

1,210

920

990

1,290

'1,290

1,130

1,060

1,290

1,210

1,060

920

920

860

800

772

July.

745

690

718

745

690

662

447

447

635

585

560

512

512

490

535

388

248

248

248

232

232

248

232

248

232

232

232

232

232

232

216

Aug.

216

216

232

201

216

201

216

201

201

201

186

186

186

186

172

172

186

172

172

145

172

172

172

169

158

150

145

153

161

148

132

Sept.

142

158

158

140

281

248

248

232

216

172

186

186

164

186

186

201

161

186

172

158

150

145

172

216

201

169

172

140

93

93

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 12-17, Dec. 29 to Jan. 22, Feb. 14-24j Mar. 30 to Apr. 24, and May 15 to June 

11 estimated, because of backwater from ice or logs, from discharge measurements, weather records, 

and study of gage-height graph.
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

SACANDAGA RIVER AT HADLEY, N. T.

LOCATION. About half a mile west of railroad station at Hadley, Saratoga County,

a mile above mouth of river, and 4£ miles below site of proposed storage dam at

Conklingville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,060 square miles. Measured on topographic maps. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1911, to September 30, 1916. September 13, 1907,

to December 31,1910, at upper bridge station; September 24,1909, to midsummer

of 1911 at lower bridge station. 

GAGE. Gurley graph water-stage recorder in a concrete shelter on the left bank,

installed January 6, 1916, replacing a Barrett and Lawrence recorder, inspected

142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

HOOSIC RIVER NEAR EAGLE BRIDGE, N. Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile below Wajloomsac River and 1£ miles above Owl Kill and 

Eagle Bridge, Rensselaer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 512 square mijes. (Measured on topographic maps.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE . August 13, 1910, to September 30, 1916. September 25,1903, 

to December 31,1908, at BusMrk, 4 miles below present station.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank near residence of James Russell; prior to August 17, 

1914, chain gage, 400 feet above present site. Gage read by Mrs. Vashti Russell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable half mile below gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.0 feet at noon 

December 26 (discharge, about 13,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

2.75 feet at 7.30 a. m. and 5 p. m. September 10 (discharge, 54 second-feet).

1910-1916: Maximum stage not recorded, as gage used prior to August 17, 1914, 

could not be reached at high stages; minimum stage recorded, 6.1 feet at 5 p. m. 

September 14,1913 (discharge, practically zero). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage on Walloomsac River and at Hoosick Falls, 

about 2 miles above gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent during year, except as 

affected by ice during a large part of period, December to March. Rating 

curve well defined between 75 and 7,000 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage heights to rating table. Results good except for periods of low water, 

when semidaily gage heights may not indicate the true mean and during periods 

when the stage-discharge relation is affected by ice. Results fair for the latter 

periods.

Discharge measurements ofHoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 11

11

11

20

20

Jan. 5 

28

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0 KG

3.40

3.56

4.82

5.00 

5 41

4.94 

8.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

010

260

306

1,160

1,260 

1,710

1.250

K CAfl

Date.

28

29

29

Feb. 21 

Mar. 9

25 

May 31

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

8.61

8.65

7.14

6.96

o4.53 

o7.20

o5.48 

4.34

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6,220

3,890

3,590

594 

646

370 

736
HUDSON BIVER BASIN. 143

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.. .......... ..

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23 ....

24..............

25

26..............

27.. ...... ......

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

420

370

420

470

395

780

555

615

555

470

498

370

420

348

555

780

498

645

420

IL&&

395

420

445

280

470

395

645

585

525

470

585

Nov.

498

370

445

395

445

498

370

445

420

420

325

420

445

302

445

820

710

555

525

1,060

678

900

555

645

525

710

585

525

678

745

Dec.

645

585

615

555

395

585

470

470

420

420

420

325

585

395

445

420

525

2,120

5,730

3,070

2,230

1,900

1,790

1,690

1 ion

8,640

5,410

3,460

2,580

2,120

I fion

Jan.

1,690

1,490

1,490

1,290

1,290

2,230

1,690

1,290

1,080

920

845

775

705

670

638

638

605

605

605

638

880

4,170

3,880

2,460

2,120

2 04fl

3,600

5,730

0 74fl

2,460

2,340

Feb.

4,170

2,820

2,230

2,010

1,690

1,490

1,590

1,390

1,490

1,490

1,260

1,040

880

810

740

670

638

605

605

605

605

605

605

605

670

4,930

1,900

1,490

1 OftA

Mar.

1,160

1,040

960

845

810

775

705

670

638

605

575

545

545

515

485

458

430

430

402

402

375

375

375

375

375

375

458

670

1,300

6

0QA

Apr.

6,390

8,440

5,090

3,330

3,070

2,700

2,820

2,230

1,900

1,900

1,900

2,340

2,340

2,700

4,020

2,940

3,200

3,600

2,700

2,580

2,580

3,070

3,460

2,940

2,940

2,460

2,340

2 19ft

2,010

May.

2,120

1,900

1,790

1,590

1,290

1,390

1,160

1,390

2,340

1,590

1,290

1,020

1,020

900

900

860

1,490

2,340

1,790

1,390

1,160

1,060

1,060

1 94fl

980

 900

780

678

678

585

780

June.

678

615

525

860

710

820

678

585

555

585

525

645

585

645

555

615

615

1,290

980

1,160

860

710

645

498

445

780

645

555

445

420

July.

325

260

820

645

645

445

370

302

260

420

348

348

555

1,390

710

470

555

525

445

445

348

420

710

555

470

525

980

585

470

395

420

Aug.

395

325

240

260

260

220

105

280

525

302

260

220

220

325

260

182

182

200

165

119

165

165

182

182

165

182

119

302

325

240

220

Sept.

165

240

133

83

182

200

220

182

149

95

200

182

165

182

220

1,160

470

420

302

280

220

200

200

420

395

220

182

182

182

348

NOTE. Discharge, Jan. 9-20 and Feb. 11 to Mar. 29, estimated because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather records and study of gage-height graph. No gage-height record Dec. 22,23, Jan. 24-26, 

and Feb. 15-28; discharge estimated.

Monthly discharge of Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. T., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 512 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

780 

1,060 

8,640 

5,730 

4,930 

4,930 

8,440 

2,340 

1 1,290 

1,390 

525 

1,160

8,640

Minimum.

280 

302 

325 

605 

605 

375 

1,900 

585 

420 

260 

105 

83

83

Mean.

491 

549 

1,680 

1,770 

1,410 

935 

3,120 

1,270 

674 

521 

235 

259

1,070

Per 

square 

mile.

0.959 

1.07 

3.28 

3.46 

2.75 

1.83 

6.09 

2.48 

1.32 

1.02 

.459 

.506

2.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

mches on 

drainage 

area).

1.09 

1.11

3.78 

3.99 

2.97 

2.11 

6.80 

2.86 

. 1.47 

1.18 

.53 

.56

28.53
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I. 

MOHAWK RIVER AT VISCHER FERRY DAM, N. T.

LOCATION. At the Vischer Ferry dam of the Barge Canal (Lock No. 7), 1 mile above 

Stony Creek and Vischer Ferry, about 7 miles below Schenectady, Schenectady 

County and about 11 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,400 square miles. (Measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 24, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Stevens water-stage recorder (showing head on crest of spillway) in the 

southerly corner of the basin near upper end of Barge canal lock; inclined staff 

at foot of an old bridge abutment about 100 feet above Vischer Ferry, read June 

24 to December 16, 1913 and May 24 to June 2, 1914; staff gage in masonry of 

outer lock wall, just above upper gates, read March 30 to May 23, 1914 and March 

30 to August 17, 1916. Datum of staff gage 12.1 feet lower than that of recorder. 

Gurley water-stage recorder in the northerly (out stream) corner of the basin, used 

December 17,1913 to March 29.1914 and May 24,1914 to February 23,1916. This 

gage was destroyed by ice April 2, 1916, and the record from February 24 to date 

was lost with it. Water-stage recorder inspected by an engineer from Albany 

office of United States Geological Survey; staff gage read by lock tenders.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading below the dam at low water during 

1913-14. During the spring of 1915 the Crescent dam (next downstream) was 

closed, making further measurements impossible. No provision for measurements 

at medium and high stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The control is the crest of the spillway.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.0 feet (staff gage 

in masonry of outer lock) at 2 p. m. April 2 (discharge, about 113,000 second-feet); 

Minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 0.37 feet at 11.20 a. m. September 4 

(discharge, 1,050 second-feet).

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7.6 feet just before noon March 28, 1914, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, estimated by New York 

state engineer, 140,000 second-feet). This stage lasted but a few moments and was 

caused by the breaking of an ice jam near Schenectady.

DIVERSIONS. Water was diverted into Erie canal at temporary lock in north end of 

dam prior to December, 1914.

Barge Canal Lock No. 7, at the south end of dam, was put in operation May 15, 

1915. The following tables of discharge include the flow over the spillway and 

through the lock and water wheels.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of dams upstream.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve fairly well defined 

between 400 and 2,500 second-feet, based on theoretic coefficients for higher stages. 

Operation of the water-stage recorder fairly satisfactory for periods when the record 

is available. Gage in masonry of outer lock wall; read hourly March 30 to April 

2 inclusive and twice daily April 3 to August 17, 1916. Mean daily gage height 

based on semi-daily observations; probably somewhat in error during periods 

of low water. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table; for days of considerable fluctuation by averaging the hourly discharge . Results fairly good for periods of low water when the water-stage recorders 

were in operation; fair for'other periods excepting March, for which they may be 

poor.

No discharge measurements made during the year.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 145

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. T.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

l..............

2..............

3......- ....

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11... ........ ...

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

4,710

2,960

4,450

5,270

4,970

9,170

11,400

8,550

6,160

5,480

4,240

3,290

3' 120

3,420

4,980

8,650

7,750

5,420

6,950

8,650

6,050

4,240

3,970

3,400

3,080

3,400

3,810

3,150

3,070 

2,690

Nov.

3,340

3,310

2,760

2,380

3,010

3,410

3,330

2.780

3,240

3,010

2,510

2,910

2,450

2,750

2,830

6,750

6,540

5,410

4,330

9,920

11,700

10,200

8,350

6,240

5,940

5,310

5,510

4,780

5,310'

5,940

Dec.

6,040

6,830

4,960

3,860

2,980

2,740

3,300

3,300

3,540

5,480

9,790

5,930

3,380

2,150

1,870

2,150

2,820

3,780

5,840

9,020

7,820

6,420

5,300

5,120

4 Q4fl

6,720

15,000

14,100

11,800

8,220 

7,020

Jan.

6,220

6,820

10^300

11,400

10,900

17,200

24,600

17,100

13,500

9,350

9,570

9,570

8,520

8,820

8,320

7,720

7,020

6,720

6,120

6,420

7,020

7,320

21,000

21,000

16,200

15,400

21,700

31,600

32,400

19,600 

14,900

Feb.

19,600

19,600

13,000

9,460

8,120

8,420

8,420

7,420

7,220

7,120

7,020

6,720

6,420

6,020

5,570

5,120

4,670

4,490

4,220

4,220

4,400

A cun

4 Q4n

4,760

4,670

6,120

7,620

7,520

7,420

Mar.

7,220

6,920

6,620

6,420

6,020

5,750

5,570

5,390

5,120

4,850

4,760

4,580

4,400

4,310

4,220

4,130

4,130

4,040

4,040

4,220

5,930

6,520

6,220

5,840

5,570

5,300

5,120

6,820

18,200

29,200 

45,500

Apr.

50,200

70,000

40,100

32,400

21,700

24,600

23,100

16,200

14,600

13,000

15,600

21,700

21,700

17,500

26,800

21,000

18,900

17,500

16,200

14,200

12,400

13,600

19 600

19^600

16,200

14,200

13,600

13,600

13,000

11,800

May.

10,100

9,560

9,010

10,100

10,600

9,010

7010

7,010

7,510

4,660

5,110

3,370

3,370

2,570

1,880

4,230

16,800

26,800

23,100

15,600

10,600

8,540

10,600

11,800

8,530

6,520

6,530

5,130

6,020

5,140 

3 380

June.

4,230

3,380

5,120

3,800

5,130

6,020

4,680

4,700

4,680

4,230

3,380

1,880

6,030

5,120

5,560

4,220

8,040

7,550

8,530

7,520

7,540

5,130

5,140

4,230

3,790

4,240

3,390

8,540

6,020

5,150

July.

2,610

3,010

4,230

8,060

5,120

3,790

3,380

2,260

1,900

2,210

3,790

1,880

2,220

1,880

6,020

3,840

2,610

2,220

2,980

2,240

2,600

1,890

1,580

3,390

2,240

1,880

3,390

3,800

3,000

3,410 

2,220

Aug.

3,380

1,890

2,220

1,880

1,890

1,300

1,560

1,260

1,880

1,250

1,240

1,550

1,580

1,550

1,260

1,880

2, 240

2,080

1,630

1,800

1,430

1^380

1,420

1,200

1,480

1,880

1 950

1,740

1,760

1.880 

1,750

Sept.

1,740

1,670

1,510

1,460

1,480

1,660

1,740

1,420

1,560

1,510

1,080

1,030

1,120

1,080

2,090

3,400

2,080

1,320

1,080

880

1,070

1,250

2,780

1,900

1,630

1,670

2,280

1,810

2,010

3,450

NOTE. No gage-height record Dec. 13,14, Feb. 24 to Mar. 27, excepting Mar. 3, 9, 11, 17, and 21. No 

gage-height record Sept. 15-17 and 23-25. Discharge over spillway interpolated. Discharge Feb. 13-19, 

inclusive, estimated because of ice in the float well.

Monthly discharge of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage orea, 3,400 square miles.]

Month.

November. ...................... ... ........

March. ........................................

April..........................................

June.... .......................................

July. ....................................

August. . ......................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,400 

11,700 

15,000 

32,400 

19,600 

45,500 

70,000 

26,800 

8,540 

8,060 

3,380 

3,450

70,000

Minimum.

2,690 

2,380 

1,870 

6,120 

4,220 

4,040 

11,800 

1,880 

1,880 

1,580 

1,200 

880

880

Mean.

5,210 

4,880 

5,880 

13,400 

7,420 

7,840 

21,500 

8,700 

5,230 

3,090 

1,720 

1^690

7,200

, Per 

square 

mile.

1.53 

1.44 

1.73 

3.94 

2.18 

2.31 

6.33 

2.56 

1.54 

.909 

.506 

.497

2.12

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.76 

1.61 

1.99 

4.54 

2.35 

2.66 

7.06 

2.95 

1.72 

1.05 

.58 

.55

28.82

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown by 

the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial regulation and storage; the 

yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored 

water is held over from year to year.

99282° 18 WSP 431 10
146 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

ALPLATTS KILL NEAR CHARLTON, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about half a mile southwest of the village of Oharlton, 

Saratoga County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 24.9 square miles (measured by engineers of State of New York 

Conservation Commission).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 12,1913, to October 14,1916, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Barrett and Lawrence hydro-chronograph on left bank, just above bridge; 

installed March 23, 1916; Stevens water-stage recorder in operation October 5 to 

December 18, 1915, inclusive. Water-stage recorder inspected by E. B. Litts.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and large boulders; shifting occasionally.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

14.12 feet at 10 p. m. March 30, stage-discharge relation affected by ice; ( discharge, not computed); minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 9.42 feet at 2 

p. m. August 15 (discharge, 0.3 second-feet).

1913-1916: Maximum stage from water-stage recorder, 15.3 feet at 3.30 a. m. 

July 27, 1915 (discharge, not determined). Practically no flow August 16 to 29 

and September 5 to 21, 1913.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; winter discharge not determined.

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation is caused during the spring months by the 

operation of a gristmill a short distance upstream.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent between shifts at times of 

flood. Rating curves fairly well denned between 5 and 100 second-feet from 

October 1 to December 18. Rating curve used April 1 to May 17 not well denned. 

Rating curve used May 17 to October 14,1916, well denned for low stages. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to the rating^ table mean daily gage height, determined by inspecting gage 

height graph or for days of considerable fluctuation, by averaging the hourly 

discharge. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y.,,during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 5

5

14

14

" 1414

Nov. 16

16

Made by 

.....do.................

O.W. Hartwell........

.....do.................

O.W. Hartwell........

E. D. Burchard ........

.....do.................

,».

Feet. 

10.40

10.69

9.98

9.85

9.78

10.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

45.4

85

14.5

8.6

6.5

5.9

40.5

25.2

Date.

Apr. 19

19

2

2

2

July 18

Made by 

.....do.................

K. D. Burchard. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

C.C. Covert..... .......

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

10.46

10.50

9.70

9.70

9.70

9.64

9 (U

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

63

67

4.18

4.42

4.36

4 91

3.37

3.28
HUDSON BIVEK BASIN. 147

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. V., for the period Oct.

1, 1915, to Oct. 16, 1916.

Day.

1......

2......

3......

4......

6......

6......

7......

8......

9......

10......

11......

12......

13......

14......

15......

16...:..

17......

18......

19......

20......

21......

22......

23......

24......

25......

26......

27......

28......

29......

30

31......

Oct.

34

18

15

12

9.4

8.3

11

6.3

7.7

100

36

21

17

17

20

21

13

12

11

9.4

12

39

21

16

14

12

Nov.

10

9.8

9.4

8.0

16

21

9.4

8.8

13

9.0

7.6

7.3

9.7

6.3

36

33

17

14

54

125

53

40

27

25

2o

18

20

18

47

50

Dec.

22

17

15

17

8.0

7.3

12

6.4

5.4

Jan.

i

Feb. Mar. Apr.

316

287

475

316

196

172

202

339

202

308

236

14. K

133

110

76

62

55

104

167

133

76

t*R

44

46

39

32

May.

26

23

22

36

93

23

16

28

42

23

20

14

12

11

11

13

460

106

44

23

18

16

50

28

17

12

9.6

8.8

8.2

8.0

7.4

June.

6.6

4.6

4.3

6.8

7.7

16

19

7.4

11

14

15

13

11

&0

5.7

26

30

23

u

41

18

14

8.2

8.8

15

14

28

96

19

11

July.

7.4

6.6

w

64

93

13

as

6.8

6.0

7.4

12

6.8

as

16a2

6.0

4.3

4.7

5.2

4.6

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.2

3.6

4.4

4.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

Aug.

2.2

1.4

1.1

1.1

1

0

1.3

1.1

.8

1.0

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.0

1.0

1.0

.8

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.0

2.8

7.0

4.3

3.3

2.8

3.1

4.2

3.7

3.0

Sept.

2.5

2.7

2.8

2.1

2.4

4.0

4.3

4.2

3.9

3.1

as

2.2

1.8

1.4

5.8

9.8

5.3

4.4

4.0

3.7

3.1

2.8

2.8

2.8

as

2.8

2.7

2.5

3.1

7.6

Oct.

5.0

4 n

3.6

3.2

3 1

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.8

10

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 12 to Mar. 31 not determined, because of ice. Mean discharge Apr. 1-3 estimated 

at 520 second-feet. New rating curve used beginning Apr. 1 and a second new curve beginning May 17.

Monthly discharge ofAlplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 24.9 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May.........................-.'................

Jnly ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

100 

125 

22

460 

96 

64 

7.0 

9.8

Minimum.

6.3 

6.3 

5.4 

32

7.4 

4.3 

2.8

as 

ao

Mean.

iao

24.7 

11.7 

201 

37.4 

18.3 iai

2.0

3.5

Per 

square 

mile.

0.723 

.992 

.470 

&07 

1.50 

.735 

.405 

.083 

.140

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.83 

1.11 

.19 

9.00 

1.73 

.82 

.47 

.10 

.16
148 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

DELAWARE RIVER BASIN. 

EAST BRANCH OF DELAWARE RIVER AT FISH EDDY, N. 7.

LOCATION. At the railway bridge in the village of Fish Eddy, Delaware County, 

about 4 miles below the mouth of Beaver Hill, and 5£ miles above the confluence 

of East and West branches.

DRAINAGE AREA. 790 square miles (measured on post-route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 19, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Records were 

obtained at Hancock, about 4 miles below from October 14,1902, to December 31, 

1912.

GAGE. Staff, in two sections on downstream end of left pier of railroad bridge; read 

by J. P. Lyons.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge about 200 feet above 

the gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; occasionally shifting. During the last two 

years the control has scoured out during the spring freshet and then returned to 

its original condition later in the season. '

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.8 feet at 7 a. m. 

April 2, stage-discharge relation affected by ice (discharge about 16,600 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded during year, 1.90 feet on September 13 and 14 

(discharge, 198 second-feet).

1912-1916: Maximum stage, 17.4 feet during the afternoon of March 27, 1913, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge about 33,500 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 1.64 feet at 5 p. m. October 12, 14, and 15, 1914 (discharge, 97 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation apparently permanent except for two or three 

months immediately following the spring flood; affected by ice during a large 

part of the period from December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well defined 

between 200 and 20,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. 

Results good during open water periods when the rating is established. Results 

fair during periods when the stage-discharge relation is affected by ice and when 

the rating is apparently shifting.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. 30,1916.

Date.

Feb. 19

29

Mar. 17

29 

Apr. 2 

3

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o9.20

a 7. 27

a5.18

a7.20

7.05 

11.66 

8.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,380

398

2,650

1,090

5,830 

16,600 

9,050

Date.

May 17

17

22 

26

Made by 

A. H. Davison. ........

.....do..................

C.C. Covert............

E. D. Burchard........

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.58

3.82

3.69

2.21

2.21 

2.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,400

1,550

1,310

306

302 

276

a. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
DELAWARE BIVEB BASIN. 149

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. T., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3....'..........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

815

1,000

1,410

1,160

1,160

1,040

1,590

1,410

1,320

1,080

1,080

960

885

850

850

885

780

710

745

710

650

590

560

530

480

480

590

650

560

530

480

Nov.

458

480

480

480

505

505

480

458

530

530

505

505

505

480

560

920

710

650

710

2,210

1,690

1,500

1,410

1,240

1,160

1,080

1,080

1,000

1,000

1,080

Dec.

920

850

780

745

710

680

680

680

620

530

4,230

5,260

4,230

2,670

2,320

2,100

1,890

1,890

6,960

4,730

3,910

2,920

2,550

2,100

Jan.

2,100

2

7Qrt

2,670

2,320

2,100

2,920

2 7on

2,430

1,890

1,790

1,990

1,890

2,320

1,990

1,410

1,080

920

885

885

1,080

1,690

9,260

7,560

4,230

3,320

2,920

6 190

11,100

8,390

5,620

4,560

Feb.

8,180

4,900

4,730

3,320

2

7Qrt

2,550

2 A Oft

1,790

i son

i 7on

1,500

1,320

1,080

885

710

590

505

458

398

370

350

370

390

480

710

9,700

5,080

4,560

2,550

Mar.

2,100 i con

1,590

1,240

1,160

780

745

1,040

815

710

650

650

650

650

780

1,000

1,040

1,000

960

920

1,280

850

815

815

850

1,000

1,690

4,070

5,620

6,000

10,800

Apr.

11,100

15,500

8,820

7 760

6^000

5,620

5,810

4,900

4

OOA

3 4fiA

2,920

4,390

7,160

8,600

8,180

7,760

7,160

5,620

4,560

4,560

5,440

5,810

4,900

4,390

4,230

4,230

4,390

3,910

3,180

May.

2,920

2 7Qrt

2,430

2,550

1,990

1 QQft

1,890

1

7Qrt

1,590

1,160

1,080

1,160

1,080

1 040

1,040

1,410

1,790

1,590

1,240

1,160

1,160

2,210

2,550

2,320

1,790

1,690

1,890

1,790

1,690

1,410

June.

1,160

1 040

1^080

1,590

1,320

1,160

1,160

1,410

1,320

i 94n

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,080

960

1,240

1,080

1,890

1,890

2,320

1,890

1,690

1,410

1,320

1,410

1,240

1,160

1,500

1,080

960

July.

1,000

650 1 son

1,410

1,080

920

710

1,410

9 91ft

2,100

1,240

885

1,690

4,230

2,100

1,690

1,500

1,320

1,160

920

710

710

710

620

530

3,320

5,260

3,910

2,100

1,990

1,890

Aug.

1,410

1 A4ft

815

885

flQft

5Qft

EOA

eon

920

1,160

885

680

TOO

530

480

430

430

385

385

340

300

300

300

430

408

300

650

650

590

530

480

Sept. '

408

OAO

qrtA

q^A

OOrt

262

262

320

262

245

228

213

198

198

680

1,320

710

650

530

430

300

300

300

281

245

245

228

228

228

300

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 11-17, Jan. 14-22 and Feb. 13 to Mar. 27 estimated, because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph. Former rating probably not applicable 

Apr. 14 to July 14; slightly revised for low gage-heights and used for period beginning July 15.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

(Drainage area, 790 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

September ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,590 

2,210 

6,960 

11,100 

9,700 

10,800 

15,500 

2,920 

2,320 

5,260 

1,410 

1,320

15,500

Minimum .

480 

458 

480 

885 

350 

650 

2,920 

1,040 

960 

530 

300 

213

213

Mean.

856 

830 

1,900 

3,330 

2,280 

1,750 

5,980 

1,750 

1,340 

1,670 

602 

363

1,880

Per 

square 

mile.

1.08 

1.05 

2.41 

4.22 

2.89 

2.22 

7.57 

2.22 

1.70 

2.11 

.762 

.459

2.38

Run-off 

{depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.24 

1.17 

2.78 

4.86 

3.12 

2.56 

8.45 

, 2.56 

1.90 

2.43 

.88 

.51

32.46
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

DELAWARE RIVER AT PORT JERVIS, N. T.

LOCATION. At the toll bridge at Port Jervis, Orange County, 1 mile above Neversink 

River, and 6 miles below Mongaup River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,250 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 12,1904, to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Staff, in two sections; the upper section vertical and attached to downstream 

end of left abutment; the lower section inclined, about 30 feet downstream'from 

upper section. Prior to June 20,1914, a chain gage on the bridge was used. Gage 

read by Mrs. Bella Fuller.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; occasionally shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 12 feet during the night of 

April 1, determined from high-water mark (discharge, 59,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.69 feet at 8 a. m. September 13 (discharge, 870 second-feet). 

1904-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 16 feet at 8 a. m. March 28,1914 (discharge, 

92,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot at 8 a. m. September 22 

and 23, 1908 (discharge, 175 second-feet).

ICE. Stage discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation shifting; affected by ice during large part of 

January and February. Rating curve used April 2 to September 30 well denned 

between 1,000 and 8,000 second-feet. Probably coincides with other well-defined 

curves outside these limits. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results 

good for periods when the stage-discharge relation is not affected by ice and fairly 

good for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y'., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 27

May 19

Sept. 24

Made by 

.....do.................

E.D. Burchard........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.97

8.62

4.20

2.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

31,200

6,950

1,380

- Date.

25

25

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.57

2.52

2.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,200

2,100

2,010
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN. 151

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6............;.

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.............. 

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,890 

2,680 

3,830 

4,360 

3,830

4,090 

4,640 

4,360 

3,830 

3,340

'3, 110 

2,890 

2,890 

2,680 

2,680

2,480 

2,890 

2,680 

2,480 

2,480

2,680 

2,680 

2,480 

2,100 

1,920

2,010 

2,100 

2,480 

2,290 

2,200 

2,100

Nov.

2,010 

1,920 

1,920 

1,920 

1,920

2,010 

2,100 

2,200 

1,920 

2,100

1,920 

2,010 

2,010 

2,010 

1,920

2,200 

3,340 

2,890 

3,110

7,160 

6,470 

6,510

4*. 360

4,090 

3,830 

3,830 

3,580 

3,580

Dec.

3,340 

3,340 

3,110

2,480

2 dSO ,tau

2,290 

2,290 

2,290 

2,480 

2,480

2,100 

1,920 

1,840 

1,840 

1,920

2,100 

2,480 

3,340 

17,400 

15,100

10,300 

8,660 

7,160 

7,160 

7*. 160

7,160 

20,500 

14,600 

13,000 

9,460 

8,660

Jan.

7,890 

9,460 

13,500 

10,700 

9,060

12,600 

13,000 

8,660 

8,270 

7,520

6,810 

7,520 

6,810 

7,520 

6,810

6,140 

5,210 

4,640 

3,580 

3,830

4,640 

5,210 

27,500 

15,700 

19,200

16,800 

15,700 

28,200 

27,500 

17,400 

14,600

Feb.

16,800 

19,200 

13,500 

12,100 

10,300

9,460 

7,520 

5,510 

4,640 

3,830

3,340 

3,110

2,680 

2,480 

2,480

2,290 

2,200 

2,100 

2,100 

2,100

2,100 

2,290 

3,110 

3 340 

3*. 830

21,800 

28,200 

16,800 

12,600

Mar.

8,660 

7,890 

7,160 

7,890 

5,820

4,920 

3,830 

4,090

4*. 360

4,090 

3,830 

3,830 

4,360 

3,830

2,890 

2,890 

3,580 

3,830 

3,580

3,580 

3,340 

3,110 

3,110 

3,340

3,830 

5,510 

9,060 

15,100 

27,500 

46,000

Apr.

60,900 

55,800 

46,000 

33,500 

26,800

23,900 

20,500 

18,600 

15,700 

14,600

13,600 

12,600 

16,800 

21,800 

32,700

20 500 

19*200 

18,000 

16,200 

13,100

11,200 

11,200 

12,600 

14,100 

12,600

11,200 

13,100 

16,800 

14,100 

11,600

May.

9,840 

9,010 

8,200 

7,430 

7,060

6,350 

5,680 

5,680 

7,060 

6,010

5,360 

4,460 

4,180 

3,650 

3,650

3,400 

4,750 

7,430 

6,700 

5,680

5,360 

4,460 

4,750 

9,010 

7,430

6,700 

9,420 

5,360 

8,600 

7,810 

6,700

June.

6,010 

8,600 

7,810 

8,200 

6,700

5,360 

4,750 

6,010 

8,200 

6,700

6,010 

6,350 

6,010 

'5,360 

5,050

4,750 

9,010 

10,300 

8,200 

8,200

7,810 

6,700 

6,010 

5,360 

4,750

5,360 

4,750 

5,050 

4,750 

4,180

July.

3,650 

3,160 

3,160 

3,650 

3,400

3,160 

2,690 

2,260 

2,690 

3,400

3,910 

4,460 

4,750 

6,700 

9,010

5,360 

4,460 

4,180 

3,650 

3,160

2,690 

2,260 

2,260 

2,470 

2,260

12,100 

22,500 

16,200 

10,700 

7,430 

6,010

Aug.

5,050 

4,180 

3,650 

3,160 

2,690

2,470 

2,260 

2,070 

2,260 

2,690

2,920 

2,470 

2,470 

2,070 

1,890

1,720 

1*550 

1,550 

1,390 

1,240

1,110 

1,110 

 1,050 

990 

1,110

1,390 

2,260 

1,800 

2,070 

2,260 

2,070

Sept.

1,800 

1,470 

1,240 

1,110 

1,110

1,110 

1,240 

1,110 

1,110 

1,110

1,050 

935

880 

990 

1,800

4,750 

4,460 

3,160 

2,470 

1,800

1,640 

1,640 

1,390 

1,470 

2,260

1,800 

1,720 

1,390 

1,390 

1,720

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 13-17 and Feb. 11-21 estimated because of ice, from weather records, study of 

gage-height graph, and comparison with records of flow at Fish Eddy. New rating curve used for period

Monthly discharge of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 3,250 square miles.-]

Month.

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,640 

9,060 

20,500 

28,200 

28,200 

46,000 

55,800 

9,840 

10,300 

22,500 

5,050 

4,750

55,800

Minimum.

1,920 

1,920 

1,840 

3,580 

2,100 

2,890 

11,200 

3,400 

4,180 

2,260 

990 

880

880

Mean.

2,910 

3,250 

6,150 

11,400 

7,650 

7,070 

20,600 

6,360 

6,410 

5,410 

2,160 

1,700

6,740

Per 

square 

mile.

0.895 

1.00 

1.89 

3.49 

2.35 

2.17 

6.34 

1.96 

1.97 

1.66 

.665 

.523

2.07

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.03 

1.12 

2.18 

4.02 

2.53 

2.50 

7.07 

2.26 

2.20 

1.91 

.77 

.58

28.17

DELAWARE RIVER AT REEGELSVILLE, N. J.

LOCATION. At the toll suspension bridge between Biegelsville, N. J., and Riegelsville, Pa., 600 feet above Musconetcong River, and 9 miles below Lehigh River. 

DRAINAGE ABBA. 6,430 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE.' July 3, 1906, to September 30, 1916.
152 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1916, PABT I.

GAGE. Staff in three sections installed November 14,1914, on left bank (New Jersey 

side) at upstream side of bridge; lower section inclined, middle and upper sections vertical. Prior to November 14, 1914, chain gage attached to upstream 

side of bridge. Gage read by J. H. Deemer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL .1 Large boulders; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.3 feet at 8 a. m. 

April 3 (discharge, 97,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.4 feet at 

4 p. m. September 14 (discharge, 2,160 second-feet).

1906-1916: Maximum stage 1 recorded, 25.0 feet March 28, 1913 (discharge, 

144,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.78 feet November 6, 1914 

(discharge 1,170 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania canal diverts about 250 

second-feet from Lehigh River near its mouth from about the last of March to 

the middle of December each year.

ACCURACY. Discharge relation practically permanent; not seriously affected by ice 

during the year. Eating curve well denned. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice 

a day. Daily discharge obtained by applying rating curve to mean daily gage 

heights. Results good.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. J. Jackson: 

September 1, 1916: Gage height, 3.19 feet; discharge, 3,850 second-feet. Canal 

was measured also and discharge found to be 233 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.

2.

3. 

4. 

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. .

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16. 

17.

18.

19. 

20.

21.

22. 

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.....

Oct.

4,420

4,710

5,310 

6,850 

6,540

6,540

6,540

7,490

6,850

5,920

5,610

5,010

4,710

4,710

4,420

4,140 

4,140

4,140

4,420 

4,710

5,920 

5,010 

5,010

4,420

3,880

3,880

3,880

3,880

4,420

4,140

3,880

Nov.

3,880

3,630

3,390 

3,390 

3,390

3,390

3,280

3,390

3,390

3,390

3,390

3,390

3,390

3,280

3,390

3,880 

4,420

4,710

5,010 

9,160

13,500 

12,000 

10,200

9,160

8,150

7,490

7,170

6,850

6,540

6,230

........

.

Dec.

6,230

5,920

5,610 

5,310 

5,310

5,010

4,420

4,420

4,140

3,880

3,390

3,160

3,390

3; 160

2,940

3,160 

4,140

5,310

15,400 

29,900

21,600 

15,800 

13,100

12,700

12,400

15,400

29,900

30,400

26,600

18,800

16,300

Jan.

14,600

15,000

20,700 

22,600 

18,000

18,800

24,000

19,700

13,900

13,100

13,100

14,200

14,600

17, 100

12,400

11,200 

10,500

8,150

6,850 

7,170

7,490 

9,500 

14,200

34,500

23,500

19,700

21,600

30,400

43,100

34,500

25,600

Feb.

22,600

30,400

25,600 

19,300 

16,300

15,400

14,600

12,000

10,200

10,500

9,840

8,820

7,820

5,310

6,230

6,540 

7,490

8,150

7 170 

6,230

6,230 

5,920 

6,230

6,540

7,490

17,100

31,000

27,100

19,300

........

. 

Mar.

17,500

16.700

13,900 

11,600 

10,900

9,500

7,830

9,500

8,820

9,160

8,820

8,160

8,820

11,600

10,500

8,820 

7,170

7,170

7,490 

7,490

7,820 

8,480 

7,490

7,490

7,820

10,900

15,400

21,600

33,900

46,400

81,600

Apr.

90,700

86,100

90,700 

58,800 

49,700

38,700

36,900

33,300

29,900

27,700

25,000

23,000

26,100

33,300

54,600

50,400 

38,100

33,980

31,000 

26,100

22,600 

21,600 

23,000

26,100

22,600

20,700

21,100

24,500

26,600

22,600

........

May.

19,700

17,500

15,800 

15,000 

14,600

13,900

12,400

.11,600

11,600

12,400

11,200

9,840

9,160

8,150

8,150

8,150 

9,160

11,600

12,700 

11,600

10,200 

9,160 

9,160

11,200

13,900

12,000

10,200

9,160

9,500

14,200

12,400

June.

10,500

9,500

8,480 

8,820 

11,600

9,840

9,160

11,600

12,700

12,700

11,600

11,600

10,900

9,840

9,160

8,820 

18,400

26,600

21,100 

18,800

17,100 

16,300 

14,600

12,400

10,900

10,900

10,500

10,200

12,000

10,200

......

July.

8,820

7,490

9,160 

7,490 

7,490

7,170

6,230

5,610

5,310

6,230

9,500

9,500

9,160

9,160

12,000

11,200

8,480

9,840

 8,480 

7,820

6,850 

10,200 

7,490

6,540

6,540

23,000

63,100

46,400

29,300

21,600

15,800

Aug.

13,100

10,900

9,500 

8,480 

7,490

7,170

6,850

6,540

5,610

5,920

5,610

5,610

5920

5,610

5,010

4,140 

4,420

3,880

3,630 

3,390

3,390 

3,160 

2,940

2,940

2,940

2,940

2,840

4,140

3,880

3,880

3,880

Sept.

3,880

3,390

2,940 

2,840 

2,730

2,530

2,530

2,730

2,840

2,530

2,340

2,530

2,250

2,250

2,530

5,920 

8,150

6,230

5,610 

4,420

3,630 

3,390 

3,160

3,160

2,940

3,880

3,280

3,050

2,840

3,160

1 It has been estimated that the flood of Oct. 10-11,1903, reached a stage of 41.5 feet with a corresponding 

discharge of 275,000 second-feet.
DELAWARE KIVEE BASIN. 153

Monthly discharge of Delaware River at Riegelsvilk, N. J.,for the year ending Sept. SO.

1916. 

[Drainage area, 6,430 square miles.)

Month.

February. ......................................

July............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7.490 

13,500 

29,900 

43,100 

31,000 

81,600 

90,700 

19,700 

26,600 

63, 100 

13, 100 

8,150

90,700

Minimum.

3,880 

3,280 

2,940 

6,850 

' 5,310 

7,170 

20,700 

8,150 

8,480 

5,310 

2,840 

2,250

2,250

Mean.

5,020 

5,530 

10,900 

18,000 

13,000 

14,500 

37,200 

11,800 

12,600 

13,000 

5,350 

3,460

12,500

Per

square 

mile.

0.820 

.899 

1.71 

2.80 

2.02 

2.27 

5.82 

1.87 

1.99 

2.05 

.871 

.575

1.97

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.95 

1.00 

1.97 

3.23 

2.18 

2.62 

6.49 

2.16 

2.22 

2.36 

1.00 

.64

26.82

NOTE. To allow for water diverted by the canal, 250 second-feet was added to computed mean discharge Oct. 1 to Dec. 12 and Mar. 15 to Sept. 30, before computing discharge per square mile; first three 

columns of table therefore indicate actual quantity of water in the river; the two remaining columns represent the total run-off from drainage area above Riegelsvflle including the discharge of the canal.

BEAVER KILL AT COOKS FALLS, XT. Y.

LOCATION. At the covered highway bridge in Cooks Falls, Delaware County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 236 square miles (measured on post route and topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff in two sections bolted to rock on left bank under the bridge; 

read by J. L. Rosa.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading a short distance 

down stream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel, boulders and solid ledge; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.4 feet at 1 p. m. 

July 26 (discharge, 5,880 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.90 foot from 

7.15 a. m. September 12 to 7.10 a. m. September 13 (discharge, 49 second-feet). 

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.9 feet at 5 p. m. March 28, 1914 (discharge, about 7,770 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.80 foot at 5 p. m. 

September 19 and from 5 p. m. October 9 to 8 a. m. October 15, 1914 (discharge, 

39 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice during parts of the period from December to March inclusive. Rating curve 

well defined between 50 and 4,500 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table. Results good for periods when the stage-discharge is not affected 

by ice; fair for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept.. 30,1916.

Date.

Mar. 28

28

29

3

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.16

4.38

4.54 

5.79

5.92

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

1,260

1,420

1,480 

2,380

2,520

Date.

May 18

Sept. 22

23 

23

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2.90

1.21

1.22 

1.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

557

106

103 

104
154 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

387

490

525

455

690

830

690

605

525

490

455

404

387

371

387

355

323

308

293

293

278

263

249

235

208

222

355

293

263

235

222

Nov.

208

208

208

208

235

222

208

208

263

249

222

208

208

208

339

387

308

263

387

1,040

735

645

565

490

455

421

421

387

387

355

Dec.

323

293

293

263

249

235 222

208

235

208

182

2,800

1,660

1,150

830

645

565

565

880

930

830

690

645

645

645

Jan.

605

780

645

605

880

930

565

438

387

308

525

525

645

565

404

355

323

293

293

278

1,800

1,590

1,040

930

1,040

4

rtrrfl

2,560

1,660

1,520

Feb.

2,880

1,940

1,390

930

830

880

735

565

605

525

421

404

355

308

263

222

195

170

147

136

114

114

114

136

182

293

1,150

1,660

Mar.

980

830

605

525

455

404

371

339

308

293

278

263

263

278

293

323

339

339

323

339

355

387

421

490

565

645

830

1,270

1,590

2,160

3,310

Apr.

3,580

3,760

2,560

2,240

1,800

1,660

1,940

1,660

1,390

1,150

1,090

1,660

1,520

2,640

2,480

2,090

2,090

2,240

1,590

1,390

1,390

1,800

1,730

1,460

1,270

1,330

1,270

1,210

1,150

1,090

May.

1,040

830

735

690

645

605

565

565 '525

490

455

421

421

387

387

323

323

830

930

830

735

735

830

780

645

565

525

645

645

565

490

June.

421

387

421

735

490

421

387

490

387

387

421

387

355

355

293

355

1,590

930

880

980

780

690

645

565

525

490

421

645

438

387

July.

323

323

735

. 525

455

355

339

293

308

490

371

355

490

525

438

387

355

355

323

323

308

308

308

371 293*

3,760

2,560

1,210

880

645

525

Aug.

490

421

371

355

308

293

293

404

308

278

263

263

235

208

158

147

136

118

114

110

104

85

80

158

195

355

278

235

208

158

136

Sept.

114

94

80

68

61

278

182

132

104

80

61

49

55

61

438

565

235

208

132

110

90

85

98

125

94

90

73

73

90

182

NOTE. No gage-height record Dec. 12-17, Jan. 18-21, Feb. 14-27, and Mar. 5-25. Discharge estimated 

from weather records and comparison with records of flow at Fish Eddy.

Monthly discharge of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 236 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

November.. . ..................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

830 

1,040 

2,800 

4,050 

2,880 

3,310 

3,760 

1,040 

1,590 

3,760 

490 

565

3^760

Minimum.

208 

208 

158 

278 

114 

263 

1,090 

323 

293 

293 

80 

50

50

Mean.

390 

355 

562 

945 

709 

651 

1,810 

618 

555 

621 

234 

137

630

Per 

square 

mile.

1.65 

1.50 

2.38 

4.00 

3,00 

2.76 

7.67 

2.62 

2.35 

2.63 

.99 

.58

2.67

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.90 

1.67 

2.74 

4.61 

3.24 

3.18 

8.56 

3.02 

2.62 

3.03 

1.14 

.65

36.36
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN. 155

WEST BRANCH OF DELAWARE RIVER AT HALE EDDY, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge in the village of Hale Eddy, Delaware County,

8 miles below the power dam of the Deposit Electric Co., and 8J miles above

junction with the East Branch of Delaware River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 611 square miles (measured on Post Route Map). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 15, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Records were

obtained at Hancock, about 4 miles below, from October 15, 1902, to December

31, 1912. 

GAGE. Vertical staff in four sections, attached to rocks near the right abutment of

the bridge and to the abutment. Gage read by William Seeley. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 400 feet below gage installed

in July, 1916. Previous measurements made from the highway bridge or by

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; practically permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.6 feet at 8 a. m.

April 2 (discharge, 17,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.75 feet at

5 p. m. August 22 (discharge, 118 second-feet).

1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 1 15.3 feet at 5 p. m. March 27, 1913 (discharge, approximately 25,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot at

6 p. m. September 21, 1913 (discharge, 34 second-feet).

ICE. -Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well 

denned between 300 and 18,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table. Results good for periods during which the stage-discharge relation 

is not affected by ice; fair for other periods.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y'., during 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Jan. 18

Feb. 18

28

Mar. 16

30

31 

31

31

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o3.10

o4.59

4.59

«4.90

8.40

9.90 

9.84

12.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

625

554

1,900

481

6,970

10,000 

9,760

15,600

Date.

Apr. 1

May 16

July 26

Sept. 16 

26

26

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

E. D. Burchard. .......

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

11.09

10.05

7.11

3.11

2.63

3.69

2.84

2.87

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12,400

10,000

4.640

663

429

1,040 

520

546

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

1 The observer states that on October 10,1893, the water rose to an elevation indicated by a nail in a tree 

near the gage. This nail is at gage height 20.3 feet. No data available indicating whether the present 

rating curve is applicable to this gage height.
156 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1916, PAET I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, JV. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31...... ........

Oct.

182

348

552

445

552

880

700

652

470

420

395

395

325

302

348

1,070

610

525

498

552

552

4.08

420

370

348

325

370

420

348

325

302

Nov.

302

280

260

240

260

260

240

260

280

280

280

240

240

260

370

580

552

445

525

880

880

880

760

760

700

640

640

610

580

610

Dec.

552

4.QB

445

420

395

370

395

395

370

325

302

280

260

280

200

165

165

2,510

3,680

3,010

2,060

1,660

1,740

1,420

1,280

4,950

4,680

3,450

2,810

2,060

1 * 660

Jan.

1,820

2,510

2,910

1 980

1 Qftfl

4,160

2,610

2,060

1,420

1,420

1,740

I Cflfl

1,420

1,900

1 000

880

760

640

525

552

640

2,810

5,370

2,610

2,330

2,610

3,450

4,950

4,420

2,710

2,610

Feb.

4,420

3,010

2,420

9 nfift

1 7Aft

1,580

1,420 i nnn

1,000

1 000

820

820

760

640

610

610

640

700

525

420

498

610

580

580

640

4 000

2, 500

1,870

1,600

Mar.

1,330

1,160

925

785

660

605

530

455

410

365

325

305

285

285

388

480

455

432

410

388

365

345

325

325

365

555

1,000

3,030

5,520

6,700

U ftftft

Apr.

10,600

16,500

8,000

7,060

4,880

4,580

4,580

3,740

3,370

2,820

2,620

3,490

4,280

5,840

6,180

4,580

4,140

4,580

3,490

2,820

2,620

2,820

3,490

2,920

2,820

2,720

2,820

2,820

2,520

2,050

May.

1,870

1,510

1,420

1,510

1,330

1,160

1,160

1,780

1,330

1,080

1,000

855

720

660

660

660

1,330

1,870

1,330

1,160

1,080

1,000

2,230

1,870

1,510

1,240

1,080

4,330

1,160

1,000

1,000

June.

«55

720

855

1,160

925

1,000

855

1,160

1,160

1,000

1,160

1,160

1,000

925

855

1,000

1,510

855

1,000

1,160

1,080

1,000

785

660

720

855

720

855

720

505

July.

470

395

370

370

370

325

240

240

240

1,140

552

420

2,240

3,010

1,660

1,280

1,000

1,140

760

580

498

420

420

325

280

420

1,660

1,140

880

670

640

Aug.

552

420

880

260

260

220

240

165

220

280

700

420

370

280

260

152

200

182

152

138

138

115

165

200

260

165

182

498

760

610

348

Sept.

240

220

200

182

182

165

152

552

260

200

200

152

138

165

325

1,000

580

420

348

302

240

200

2,510

880

640

498

445

370

420

880

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 11-17, Jan. 16-21, Feb. 15-25, and Feb. 29-Mar. 27, estimated because of ice, 

from discharge measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph. New rating table used 

for period beginning Feb. 26.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 611 square miles.]

Month.

December....... ...............................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

'Discharge in second-feet.

TyraitiTniini1,070 

880 

4,950 

5,370 

4,420 

11,600 

16,500 

2,230 

1,510 

3,010 

760 

2,510

16,500

Minimum.

182 

240 

165 

525 

420 

285 

2,050 

660 

505 

240 

115 

138

115

Mean.

464 

470 

1,380 

2,200 

1,350 

1,330 

4,520 

1,250 

940 

779 

316 

436

1,280

Per 

square 

mile.

0.759 

.769 

2.26 

3.60 

2.21 

2.18 

7.40 

2.05 

1.54 

1.27 

.517 

.714

2.10

Uun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.88 

.86 

2.61 

4.15 

2.38 

2.51 

8.26 

2.36 

1.72 

1.46 

..60 

.80

28.59
SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1916, PART I. 157

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN. 

SUSQTTEHANNA RIVER AT CONKLIN, H. Y.

LOCATION. -At the steel highway bridge just below Conklin, Broome County, 5 miles 

below Big Snake Creek and 8 miles above Chenango Elver.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 13, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Records were 

obtained at Binghamton, 8 miles below, from July 31,1901, to December 31, 

1912.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on left bank, just below the bridge, installed 

October 4, 1914. Prior to that date, staff in two sections, the lower section inclined; the upper vertical, attached to left abutment. Recorder inspected by 

Mrs. Cora Ames.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage 'during year from water-stage recorder, 

16.48 feet at 5.30 a. m. April 2 (discharge, 42,100 second-feet); minimum stage from 

water-stage recorder, 2.48 feet August 21, 23, 24, and 26 (discharge, 518 secondfeet).

1901-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 19.74 feet at the former station in Binghamton at 7.40 a. m. March 2, 1902 (discharge, about 62,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.32 feet at 8.20 a. m. and 4 p. m. September 16, 1913 (discharge, 106 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice 

. for a large portion of the period from January to March. Rating curve well 

defined between 250 and 55,000 second-feet. Operation of the water-stage 

recorder fairly satisfactory throughout year. Daily discharge ascertained by' 

applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Gage heights determined by 

inspecting gage height graph or by averaging hourly gage heights. Results 

good except for periods when the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice; 

fair for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Susguehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., during ike year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Tan Id

19

26

Mar. 14

Made by 

E. D. Bnrchard. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

»6.32

04.76

4.24

«7.30

«4.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,810

2,400

2,320

5,270

2,070

Date.

Mar. 22

10

May 13

Sept. 15

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

«.

Feet. 

«4.41

9.82

8.34

4.45

2.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 1 stun

16,200

11,400 9 fion

733

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
158 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10......... 

11.........

12......... 

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18......... 

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24......... 

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

,31.........

Oct.

1,350

1,570

2,210

2,510

2,510

4,230

4,140

3,240

2,670

2,360 

2,140

1,940 

1,940

1,750

1,880

6,170

5,060

3,590 

3,160

3,680

4,140

2,990

2,670

2

qon

9 91 n

2,510

2,360

2,140

2,070

Nov.

2,000

1,940

1,880

1,810

1,750

1,880

2,070

i sfifi

.......

"i,"520"

1,570

1 940

2,670

2,830

2 QQfi

2,670

2,670

2,590

2,360

Dec.

2,360

2,210

2,070

2,000

1,940

1,880

1,690

1,570

1,570

1,400 

1,460

1,400 

1,270

1,230

1,260

1,300

1,520

3,770 

8,280

8,040

6,860

5,500

4,230 

4 430

12 300

15' 200

11,800

9 cfln

8,040 ft* sfin

Jan.

6,170

8,760

12,600

11,000

9,240

12,800

15,200

11,000

8,040

6,630 

6,860

6,400 

5,720

5,810

4 640

3,500

2,910

2,510 24.no

2,590

3 9dn

5,940

13,700

14,300 

10,800

9 240 ii'soo

15,200

14,600

10,500

Feb.

11,300

11,300

8,520

6,400

5,060

5,280

5,060

4,330

5,500

2,910 

2,670

2,440 

2,360

2,280

2 93(1

2,510

2,510

2,510 

2,440

2,440

2,440

2,440

9 Ififl

2,360

4 74(1

6,170

5,060

3

QAn

........

Mar.

3,330

2,830

2,510

2,360

2,280

2,210

2,280

2,510

O CQn

2,510 

2,440

2,210 

2,070

2,000

1 940

1,940

1,880

1,880 

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,810 i fifin

2 440

5' 060

10,800

14,000

19,700 11 onn

Apr.

35,000

41,800

40,300

31,500

21,100

17,700

17,100

15,200

12,800

11,300 

10,500

11,800 

14,300

17,100

18,400

16,400

13,700

12,800 

12,300

10,000

8,760

9,740

11,800

11,800 

10,500

9,500

10,000

9,740

8,280

6,860

May.

5,720

4,950

4,430

4,430

4,530

3,950

3,590

3,950

4,330

4,430 

3,680

3,160 

2,590

2,360

2,210

2,070

3,330

8,520 

7,800

5,940

4,840

3,950

4,530

5,940 

5,170

4,140

3,420

3,680

3,770

3,160

2

QQA

June.

2,750

2,280

2,750

3,680

3,420

2,910

2,830

3,420

3,330

3,420 

3,330

3,500 

3,160

2,670

2,280

2,910

3,500

2,990 

2,990

3,420

3,500

3,080

2,670

2,210 

1,940

1,940

1,880

1,880

1,810

1,810

July.

1,570

1,350

1,400

1,350

1,750

1,570

1,400

1,250

1,250

1,390 

1,940

4,120 

6,000

5,790

5,500

4,710

3,180

2,070 

2,070

1,750

1,350

1,260

1,200

2,280 

1,690

1,630

1,810

2,070

1,690

1,400

1 

' 300

Aug.

1,170

1,050

898

842

818

712

726

677

663

670 

677

782 

747

677

621

565

.565

551 

537

524

518

524

518

518 

524

518

593

600

747

719

677

Sept.

635

558

544

530

530

530

530

530

789

740 

670

659 

659

706

796

970

1,460

1,310 

922

796

712

670

1,400

3,860 

3,500

2,360

1,940

1,690

1>690

2,440

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 14-20 and Feb. 10 to Mar. 25 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph. No gage-height record Nov. 3-5, 9-12, 14, 15, 

18-24, Jan. 15,16, Feb. 10-12, Feb. 28 to Mar. 21, except Mar. 4,11,14-18; no gage-height record July 9,10, 

12-14, 16, 17, and Sept. 12-14; discharge given estimated by comparison with records of flow, Chenango 

and Chemung rivers.

Monthly discharge of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 2,350 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,170

15,200 

15,200 

11,300 

31,900 

41,800 

7,800 

3,680 

6,000 

1,170 

3,860

41,800

Minimum.

1,350 

1,570 

1,230 

2,400 

2,280 

1,810 

6,860 

2,070 

1,810 

1,200 

518 

530

518

Mean.

2,810 

2,270 

4,440 

8,460 

4,210 

4,460 

15,900 

4,240 

2,810 

2,230 

675 

1,170

4,470

Per 

square 

mile.

1.20 

.966 

1.89 

3.60 

1.79 

1.90 

6.76 

1.80 

1.19 

.949 

.287 

.497

1.90

Run-off 

(depth in 

indies on 

drainage

area).

1.38

1.08 

2.18 

4.15 

1.93 

2.19 

7.54 

2.08 

1.33 

1.09 

.33 

.55

25.83

NOTE. Mean discharge Nov. 9-12 estimated 1,630 second-feet, Nov. 18-24, 2,860 second-feet.
STJSQTJEHANNA EIVER BASIN. 159

CHENANGO RIVER NEAR CHENANGO FORKS, N. 7.

LOCATION. About If miles below Tioughnioga River, 2 miles by road below Chenango 

Forks post office, Broome Comity, and llf miles above Binghamton and the 

mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,380 square miles (revised). See "Diversions."

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 11, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Records were 

obtained at Binghamton July 31, 1901, to December 31, 1911.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on the left bank on the farm of Erastus Ingraham. Prior to that date inclined staff on left bank. Water-stage recorder inspected by Erastus Ingraham.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 100 feet above the gage or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand, gravel, and small cobblestones; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

12.18 feet from noon until 1 p. m. April 2 (discharge, 27,900 second-feet); minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 2.50 feet from 1 until 2 p. m. August 23 

(discharge 210 second-feet).

1901-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 12.18 feet from noon until 1 p. m. April 2, 

1916 (discharge, 27,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.5 feet at the 

former station in Binghamton at 8 a. m. August 28, 1909 (discharge, 10 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. The run-off from 87.3 square miles at head of Chenango River and 

from 15.7 square miles from Tioughnioga River is stored in reservoirs and, except 

for discharge by spillways, is diverted out of the drainage area to the Erie Canal 

and is not included in the following tables. These two areas have been subtracted from the total drainage area, leaving net area of 1,380 square miles.

ACCUEACT. Stage^discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice for a large part of the period from January to March inclusive. Rating curve 

well defined between 120 and 35,000 second-feet. Operation of the water-stage 

recorder fairly satisfactory throughout year. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying to the rating table mean daily gage heights, determined by inspecting 

gage-height graph or for days of considerable fluctuation by averaging the hourly 

discharge.

Discharge measurements of Chenango River at Chenango Forks, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Jan. 20

Feb. 16

24

Mar. 15

23

7

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

« 4. 05

a 6. 76

a4.83

8 34

7.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,660

1,960

1,380

1,210

1,27:

13,100

11,200

Date.

15

20

Sept. 14

14

30

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.56

3.57

5 IQ

2.52

9 t\d.

4.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,220

1,230

3 QQft

215

223

2 540

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
160 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chenango River at Chenango Forks, N. Y., for the

year ending Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1...........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8............

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Oct.

1,430

2,750

4,390

2,970

3,570

5,800

4,280

3,260

2,700

?

AAf\

2,270

1,940

1,700

1,550

8,070

7,650

4,060

3,060

4,480

6,050

4,170

3,260

2,700

2,360

2,100

1,940

2,270

2,180

2,020

2,020

2,020

Nov.

1,700

1,570

1,570

1,550

1,860

2,360

1,940

1,680

1,700

1,740

1,520

1,420

1,580

1,520

1,960

3,290

2,020

2,080

4,190

3,960

3 750

3,260

2,880

2,610

2,440

2,360

2,270

2,100

2,030

Dec.

1,870

1,710

1,640

1,520

1,360

1,320

1,280

1,260

1,280

1,180

1,140

1,200

1,230

1,230

1,130

1,200

1,340 i 7on

6,310

4,960

4,060

3,350

2,970

2,700

2,720

7,430

6,570

5,190

4 170

4,610

4,610

Jan.

4,660

6,310

10,300

7,370

6,310

12,100

9,700

6,180

4,720

4,280

3 OAT)

3,450

3,060

2,620

2,190

1,870

1 710

1 680

1,740

1,780

3,750

9 4nn

6,830

5,310

5,430

7,650

10,600

8,500

5,680

4,840

Feb.'

7,930

6,310

4,060

3,160

2,880

2,880

2,700

2,270

1,860

2,100

1,780

1,720

1,560

1,640

1,710

1,710

1,710

1 640

1^560

1,560

1,710

1,710

1,640

1,480

1,870

3,910

3,340

2 Q7fl

Mar.

2,790

2,360

1,870

1 640

1,340

1,200

1,410

1,790

1 790

1,790

1,710

1 640

1 640

1,560

1,000

1,200

1,410

1,340

1 410

1,340

1,410

1,340

1,340

1.340

1,560

1,790

2,790

5,880

13,400

15,800

on Ron

Apr.

24,200

27,000

22,200

16,200

12,400

12,400

11,200

9,400

7-930

7,100

6,700

8.500

9 700

.10,600

12^100

9,700

8,500

7 osn

6,960

5,550

5,680

7,650

10,000

8 800

6,960

6,050

5,920

5,680

4,840

4,060

May.

3,750

3.750

3,860

3,650

2,790

2,360

2,270

2,270

2,360

2,100

1,780

1,520

1,340

1,230

1,180

1,170

5,310

8,800

8,500

3,960

3,060

2,610

4,610

4,960

3,260

2,610

2,180

2,520

2.180

1,860

1,780

June.

1,520

1,310

1,940

3,650

2,520

2,020

1,660

1,780

2,100

2,020

2,700

3 860

2,880

2,100

1,780

3,160

5,430

3 550

3 350

4^500

3,530

3,260

2,610

2,270

1,860

1,660

1,420

2,700

2,440

1,680

July.

1,420

1,220

1,130

1 380

1,260

1.090

948

860

794

827

805

730

1,940

1,570

1,220

937

860

816

710

622

555

538

530

1,000

753

611

582

853

487

446

422

Aug.

414

382

368

352

368

348

322

322

303

297

297

322

330

330

330

315

297

279

267

250

242

242

242

246

250

242

242

261

297

291

267

Sept.

255

242

232

237

255

255

352

430

530

390

315

285

261

255

430

970

720

546

462

398

330

322

1,280

1.620

970

772

650

574

670

784

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 13-20 and Feb. 14 to Mar. 30, estimated because of ice. from discharge measurements, weather records and study of gage-height graph. No gage-height record Noy. 30 to Dec. 4, Dec. 12, 

16-18, July 24-28, and Sept. 30; discharge interpolated. .

Monthly discharge of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,070 

4,190 

7,430 

12,100 

7,930 

20,600 

27,000 

8,800 

5,430 

1,940 

414 

1,620

27,000

Minimum.

1,430 

1,420 

1,130 

1,680 

1,480 

1,000 

4,060 

1,170 

1,310 

422 

242 

232

232

Mean.

3,270 

2580 

2,720 

5,340 

2,620 

3,210 

10,100 

3,080 

2,580 

901 

300 

526

3,070

Per 

square 

mile.

2.37 

1.87 

1.97 

3.87 

1.90 

2.33 

7.32 

2.23 

1.87 

.653 

.217 

.381

2.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.73

2.09 

2.27 

4.46 

2.05 

2.69 

8.17 

2.57 

2.09 

.75 

.25 

.42

30.54

NOTE. See "Diversions" in station description.
SUSQUEHAFFA RIVER BASIF. 161

CHEMUNG RIVER AT CHEMUNG, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge about midway between Chemung, Chemung 

County, N, Y., and Willawana, Pa., half a mile upstream from the State line and 

about 10 miles above the mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,440 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 11, 1903, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Tape gage at the upstream side of the right span of the bridge. Gage read 

by D. L. Orcutt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; occasionally shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 17.46 feet at 

5 a. m. June 18 (discharge, about 63,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

1.83 feet at 5 p. m. September 3 (discharge, 222 second-feet).

1903-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 17.46 feet at 5 a. m. June 18, 1916 (discharge, about 63,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.47 feet at 7 a. m. 

August 14, 1911 (discharge 49 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Power is developed above the station, the largest plant being at 

Elmira, N. Y.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation subject to change; affected by ice for a large 

part of the period from December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well defined 

between 200 and 45,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. 

Results good except for periods diiring which the stage discharge relation was 

affected by ice; fair for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Dec. 20

Jan. 17

Feb. 17

23

Mar. 14

Apr. 1

2 

3

3 

3

Made by 

0.0. Covert............

E.D. Burchard........

O.W.Hartwell........

 E.D. Burchard........

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a4.15

o2.93

03.28

03.05

03.56

14.08

14.30 

10.26

9.88 

9.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,270

833

811

Q91

40,100

42,000 91 inn

19,500 

17,200

Date.

11

29

May 10

10

June 10 

July 25

Sept. 13 

13

Made by 

.....do. ................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

8.72

7.65

6.27

7.10

q no

3.90

6.06 

9 fin

1.93 

1.92

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

15,300

11,400

6,820

9

OQA

2 1fiA

2,140

6,470 

710

260 

271

a Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice. 

99282° 17 WSP 431 11
162 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..-...-.....-.

11..............

12..............

13..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

488 

808 

2,690 

1,760 

1,430

7,150 

3,040 

2,200 

1,760 

1,370

1,200 

1,040 

895 

808 

1,560

4,640 

2,520 

1,900 

3,040 

8,600

4,420 

3,220 

2,520 

1,900 

1,620

1,490 

1,370 

1,250 

1,200 

1,090 

1,040

Nov.

990 

940 

850 

808 

808

808 

808 

765 

725 

725

645 

645 

645 

474 

645

685 

765 

765 

808 

4,420

3,800 

2,860 

2,520 

2,050 

1,900

1,620 

1,620 

1,760 

1,560 

1,370

Dec.

1,250 

1,090 

1,040 

940 

850

808 

685 

808 

765 

645

560 

530 

502 

488 

516

590 

685 

895 

2,360 

1,760

1,200 

1,040 

940 

940 

940

4,210 

4,000 

3,220 

2,690 

1,490 

1,560

Jan.

1,900 

3,800 

21,800 

8,900 

6,330

24,200 

12,000 

5,820 

4,000 

3,410

3,220 

2,860 

2,520 

1,760 

1,200

940 

808 

725 

725 

725

895 

1,250 

5,570 

2,690 

2,050

2,050 

2,050 

4,000 

4,420 

2,690 

2,200

Feb.

3,600 

4,210 

2,360 

1,560 

1,430

1,760 

1,620 

1,560 

1,200 

1,370

1,310 

1,140 

1,040 

1,040 

1,250

1,140 

1,040 

990 

940 

895

850 

808 

765 

850 

850

895 

990 

1,090 

1,250

Mar.

1,090 

808 

765 

685 

605

560 

590 

645 

940 

1,370

1,200 

1,140 

940 

940 

1,040

1,200 

1,250 

1,370 

1,200 

1,040

940 

895 

850 

765 

850

765 

5,570 

39,700 

51,400 

42,900 

49,400

Apr.

41,700 

39,900 

20,000 

15,300 

11,000

9,380 

7,560 

7,010 

6,000 

5,300

6,240 

9,380 

13,100 

26,600 

30,000

13,500 

9,060 

7,010 

5,300 

4,240

5,530 

18,000 

30,500 

20,800 

12,800

10,000 

11,400 

13,500 

9,380 

6,750

May.

5,300 

4,240 

3,460 

3,460 

3,650

2,930 

2,600 

2,440 

2,290 

2,140

1,860 

1,600 

1,360 

1,250 

1,200

1,200 

12,400 

14,900 

7,010 

4,860

4,040 

2,930 

5,300 

5,760 

4,040

3,280 

2,600 

3,280 

3,460 

2,930 

2,600

June.

2,140 

1,730 

8,750 

18,400 

8,140

5,300 

3,840 

10,400 

8,7.50 

7,280

5,760 

12,000 

7,280 

5,080 

3,840

6,750 

37,600 

42,900 

15,300 

16,800

9,700 

8,440 

6,000 

4,440 

3,650

3,280 

2,600 

7,850 

3,840 

2,600

July.

2,140 

1,730 

1,600 

1,730 

1,860

1,540 

1,300 

1,100 

1,100 

1,150

1,000 

960 

915 

870 

830

790 

750 

670 

670 

630

602 

960 

1,200 

830 

710

630 

1,000 

616 

588 

560 

518

Aug.

464 

432 

419 

389 

464

389 

365 

377 

348 

332

332 

343 

343 

413 

371

348

338 

321

294 

280

260 

250 

240 

240 

240

250 

272, 

260 

316 

288 

282

Sept.

260 

250 

241 

232 

246

241 

532 

484 

419 

371

34$ 

304 

266 

260 

389

710 

, 588 

490 

389 

354

sie

310 

332

294 

288

288 

266 

255 

413 

870

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 12-25, Jan. 14-22, Feb. 13 to Mar. 27, estimated because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, weather records, and study of gage height graph. No gage-height record Aug. 20-25; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 2,440 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,600 

4,420 

4,210 

24,200 

4,210 

51,400 

41,700 

14,900 

42,900 

2,140 

464 

870

51,400

iyf IniiTHiTTi .

488 

474 

488 

725 

765 

560 

5,300 

1,200 

1,730 

518 

240 

232

232

Mean.

2,260 

1,330 

1,290 

4,440 

1,370 

6,880 

14j,200 

4,190 

9,350 

1,020 

331 

367

3,880

Per 

square 

mile.

0.926 

.545 

.529 

1.82 

.561 

2.82 

5.82 

1.72 

3.83 

.418 

.136 

.150

1.59

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.07 

.61 

.61 

2.10 

.60 

3.25 

6.49 

1.98 

4.27 

.48 

.16 

.17

21.79
PATUXENT EIVER BASIN. 163

PATUXENT BIVEB BASIN, 

PATUXENT RIVER NEAR BURTONSVILLE, MD.

LOCATION. At the Columbia turnpike bridge, 1| miles northeast of Burtonsville, 

Montgomery County, and about 4 miles northwest of Laurel.

DRAINAGE AREA. 127 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 21, 1911, to June 15, 1912 (records furnished by United 

States Engineer Office); July 21, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder referred to a staff gage in three sections on left 

bank about 80 feet below highway bridge; prior to July 23, 1914, a vertical staff 

fastened to left side of bridge pier; datum of recorder is 1.29 feet below that of 

gage on pier. Recorder inspected by Columbus Brashears.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks are lined with trees and brush and are overflowed at 

stage of about 10 feet. Control is a flat gravel bar about 300 feet below bridge. 

Current is swift under bridge, but sluggish below bridge to control. Discharge 

measurements indicate that control remained practically permanent from 1911 

to 1914, but shifted during the floods of January and February, 1915.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 8.75 feet at 6.30 p. m. 

July 25 (discharge, 2,260 second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 

1.65 feet at 12.30 p. m. January 17 (discharge, 27 second-feet).

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 14.6 feet at about 9 a. m. January 12, 1915 

(discharge from poorly defined rating curve 5,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 

0.18 foot August 25, 1911 (discharge, 6 second-feet).

ICE. Discharge relation affected by ice during severe winters only.

ACCURACY . Stage-discharge relation remained practically permanent during the year; 

affected by ice for a few days in January. Rating curve well defined between 

50 and 2,000 second-feet. Operation of the water-stage recorder was satisfactory 

throughout the year except for short periods (see footnote to daily discharge 

table). Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Results 

excellent.

Discharge measurements of Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

6

17

17

Made by 

M.I. Walters..........

H. W. Fear............

G. C. Stevens..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.95

1.95

4.42

3.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

62.4

59.1

592

467

Date.

July 26

26

Aug. 16

Made by 

.....do.................

&

Feet. 

5.26

6.70

2.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

875

1,370

77.6
164 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9

10..............

11..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

OK

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

301

 f CQ

78

70

82

100

70

QQ

60

61

65

72

79

74

315

QQ

83

77

on

inn

94

89

82

77

75

92

87

80

74

66

Nov.

50

Kf\

AQ

48

51

53

54

54

CO

60

62

65

65

63

(JO

82

60

53

104

QQ

7^

71

70

68

61

62

65

66

63

54

Dec.

54

54

56

59

60

61

61

CO

61

63

59

56

51

CO

63

60

57

264

178

no

76

72

83

87

81

1*91

101

342

OQfi

163

Jan.

143

157

148

126

117

107

102

91

78

99

120

141

143

QA

79

42

59

73

74

*7C

81

128

85

77

82

81

74

73

120

Feb.

140

158

149

113

116

129

188

1 ^1

129

100

127

133

292

146

136

149

127

148

130

106

104

103

106

OK.7

240

157

113

118

Mar.

107

103

118

104

106

106

99

119

127

102

93

86

87

88

134

131

99

88

85

81

81

226

228

138

121

115

113

381

279

210

168

Apr.

149

135

131

136

131

123

116

135

246

267

155

136

119

121

112

112'

123

130

112

108

110

148

118

106

122

161

158

130

111

.,105

May.

97

93

89

89

148

113

97

102

92

86

83

83

80

79

80

80

134

94

82

77

74

72

133

113

88

77

71

67

68

78

77

June.

68

68

67

66

65

62

100

97

171

161

149

98

84

79

76

445

492

168

114

99

197

160

81

70

93

249

98

90

70

64

July.

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

74

119

183

95

81

344

285

173

111

102

86

78

73

108

206

74

799

1,120

275

179

158

133

124

Aug.

117

108

101

99

105

105

81

83

76

72

68

67

63

63

64

64

60

59

181

67

61

61

Sept.

56

56

55

54

54

50

52

53

79

55

50

45

48

44

94

94

61

59

70

57

51

51

202

82

66

64

63

58

62

70

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 15-21 estimated, because of ice, from study of weather records and gage-height 

graph. Probably slight ice effect Feb. 13-17 but no correction made therefor. No gage-height record 

obtained July 1-8 and Aug. 7-15; discharge estimated as in table for first period and as 85 second-feet 

for second. Discharge July 25-26 ascertained by averaging the hourly discharge.

Monthly discharge of Patwc,ent River near Burtonsville, Md., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area 127 square miles.]

Month.

January..................... .

March ..

April..........................................

May...........................................

June. . ........................................

July...........................................

September. ...................................

The year ................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

315 

104 

342 

157 

292 

381 

267 

148 

492 

1.120 

181 

202

1,120

Minimum.

60 

48 

51 

42 

103 

81 

105 

67 

62 

70 

59 

44

42

Mean.

97.6 

64.2 

102 

101 

145 

133 

136 

90.2 

-130 

179 

83.5 

65.2

110

Per 

square 

mile.

0.769 

.506 

.803 

.795 

1.14 

1.05 

1.07 

.710 

1.02 

1.41 

.657 

.513

.866

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.89 

.56 

.93 

.92 

1.23 

1.21 

1.19 

.82 

1.14 

1.63 

.76 

.57

11.85
POTOMAC EIVEB BASIN. 165

POTOMAC RIVER BASIN. 

POTOMAC RIVER AT POINT OF ROCKS, MD.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge at Point of Rocks, Frederick County, about

one-third mile below Catoctin Creek and 6 miles above Monocacy River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 9,650 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 17, 1895, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Chain, attached to downstream side of left span of bridge, read once daily

by G. H. Hickman. Datum constant since September 2, 1902; prior to this date

datum was 0.45 foot higher than at present. Sea-level elevation of gage datum

is 200.54 feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent. The control is a ledge a few

hundred feet below the station, the ledge extending completely across the river

except for one relatively unimportant channel. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 18.3 feet at 3 p. m.,

March 29 (discharge 124,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.65 foot

at 5 p. m., September 13 (discharge 1,120 second-feet). 

1895-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 39.0 feet on March 2, .1902 (discharge

219,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.38 foot on September 10, 1914 (discharge

540 second-feel).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation little affected by ice. 

DIVERSIONS. The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal parallels the Potomac on the Maryland

side. The average discharge of the canal is 75 to 100 second-feet. The discharge

is not included in the following tables. 

REGULATION. Fluctuation at extremely low stages has been noted and is probably

caused by the operation of power plants on the upper Potomac and tributaries. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice.

Rating curve well defined except at,extremely low water. Gage read to hundredths once daily; during high water read oftener. Daily discharge ascertained

by "applying daily gage heights to rating table. Results excellent except at

extremely low stages, for which they are fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by James E. Stewart and H. W. 

Fear: 

June 13, 1916: Gage height, 3.55 feet; discharge, 11,900 second-feet.
166 STJfcFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md.,for the

ending Sept. 30, 1916,

Day. 

1.. ...........

2.............

3.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.......:.....

13.............

14..............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

6.520

6,520

34,200

20,400

14,100

9,530

9,070

8,620

7,330

6,520

5,750

4,500

3,860

4,330

4,670

4,170

3,860

3,090

2,800

4,Q10

5,750

5,750

4,840

4,330

4,010

3,860

3,390

3

94ft

3,090

2,800

Nov.

1,990

1,740

1,310

2,250

2,120

2,250

3,090

4,010

2,250

2,120

3,090

2,940

2,640

2,940

4,010

2,640

2 800

3' 240

5,750

3,860

4,010

5,380

7,330

6,130

5,380

5,020

4,670

4,840

4,170

3,700

Dec.

3 94fJ

2,800

2,640

2,520

2,380

2,800

2,800

2,660

2,520

2,520

2,380

2,380 2,5">0

2,660

3,090

2,800

2,660

5,380

11,000

14,600

14,100

13,500

5,020

4,840

3,240

5 7Kft

f,750

9,070

9

KQft

9,530

47,600

Jail.

26,800

14,600

19,100

23,600

17,400

13,000

12,000

10,500

9,070

7,330

7 330

7) 750

26,800

26,100

25,500

9,530

8,620

7,750

8,180

8,620

9,070

9,530

9,070

8,620

7

?cn

7 *}^n

6,520

6,130

6,130

8,180

Feb.

19,800

17,400

15,200

14,100

13,000

12,000

12,500

15,200

17,400

15,700

13,500

1,000

16,800

43,000

30,100

21,100

18,000

15,700

14,100

13,000

11,500

10,500

9,530

9,070

9,530

19 fiftft

14,600

14,100

11,500

Mar.

8,620

9,530

10,500

9,530

8,620

9,070

8,620

8,180

9,530

12,500

13,000

12,500

8,620

9,070

9,530

24,200

31,500

16,300

12,500

11,500

10,500

10,000

64,700

54,000

34,200

27,500

24,200

43,700

21,000

78,800

54,000

Apr.

36,300

26,800

22,900

17,400

19,800

18,600

16,800

16,300

16,300

19,800

23,600

23,600

22,300

22,300

21,100

18,000

21,700

13,000

12,000

10,000

10,500

11,000

11,500

14,600

13,000

21,700

38,500

31,500

24,200

20,400

May.

16,300

14,100

12,000

11,000

11,500

12,500

11,500

10,500

9,070

8,180

7,750

7,330

6,920

6,130

6,130

6,130

5,750

6,340

6,920

6,520

6,520

6,920

6,520

5,750

5,750

5,380

5,380

5,020

5,380

5,750

5,380

June.

5,020

4,840

4,500

3,860

3,700

4,010

5,750

6,130

6,520

7,750

15,700

15,200

12,000

12,800

13,500

22,900

49,200

49,200

30,100

19,800

22,300

18,000

15,200

12,000

10,000

10,000

8,180

12,500

11,000

8,180

July.

6,520

5,750

5,750

5,380

8,620

9,530

6,520

4,670

4,010

4,670

4,170

3,090

2,380

2,660

3,090

2,660

4,010

3,860

3,240

2,800

2,520

2,380

2,380

5,750

11,000

33,500

26,800

16,300

11,500

9,070

7,750

Aug.

5,380

4,500

4,170

5,750

5,750

4,670

5,020

4,840

3,700

3,700

3,540

3,540

4,100

4,670

4,840

4,170

3,090

2,940

2,660

2,380

2,250

2,120

2,520

2,800

2,250

2,380

2,380

2,800

3,240

2,800

2,520

Sept.

2,380

2,250

1 460

2,660

2,520

2,520

2,250

2,520

2,520

2,660

2; 800

1,360

1,120

1,460

1,510

1,740

2,800

1,990

1,860

1,460

3,240

3,090

2,800

2,940

2,660

2,380

2,520

2,660

2,800

3,090

Monthly discharge of Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 9,650 square miles.]

Month.

July.... ....... ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

34,200 

7,330 

47,600 

26,800 

43,000 

121,000 

38,500 

16,300 

49,200 

33,500 

5,750 

3,240

121,000

Minimum.

2,800 

1,310 

2,380 

6,130 

9,070 

8,180 

10,000 

5,020 

3,700 

2,380 

2,120 

1,120

1,120

Mean.

6,730 

3,590 

6,650 

12,500 

15,600 

24,700 

19,800 

7,950 

14,000 

7,170 

3,600 

2,330

10,400

Per

square 

mile.

0.697 

.372 

-.689 

1.30 

1.62 

2.56 

2.05 

.824 

1.45 

.743 

.373 

.241

1.08

Run-off 

(depth in, 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.80 

.42 

.79 

1.50 

1.75 

2.95 

2.29 

.95 

1.62 

.86 

.43 

.27

14.63

MCftTOCACY RIVER NEAR FREDERICK, MD.

LOCATION. At county bridge on toll road leading from Frederick, Frederick County, 

to Mount Pleasant, about 3,000 feet below Tuscarora Creek (entering from the 

right) and about 2,000 feet above Israel Creek (entering from the left).

DRAINAGE AREA. 660 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 4, 1896, to September 30, 1916.
POTOMAC KIVEK BASIN. 167

GAGE. Chain attached to downstream side of right span of bridge; read by Eugene 

L. Derr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks lined with trees and brush; overflow at high stages; 

bed composed of gravel and boulders and shifting during extreme floods. Control not well denned.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.7 feet at 6 

p. m., June 16 (discharge, 14,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.05 

feet on several days in September (discharge 78 second-feet).

1896-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 27.2 feet at 11 a. m., January 13, 1915 

(discharge, determined from rating curve used for 1916, 19,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage, 3.54 feet on several days in October, 1910 (discharge, 15 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice only during severe winters.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation remained practically permanent during the 

year and was not affected by ice. Rating curve well denned between 50 and 

15,000 second-feet. Current-meter measurements made after September 30, 

1916, were used to define the curve for high stages and indicate that previous 

curves gave results about 20 per cent too large at high stages. Gage read to 

half-tenths once daily and oftener during high water. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to gage heights. Results good.

The following discharge measurement was made -by James E. Stewart and H. W. 

Fear: 

June 12, 1916: Gage height, 6.02 feet; discharge, 758 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Manocacy River near Frederick, Md., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day,

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,680

3,140

1,170

850

592

592

548

505

485

370

335

318

302

286

286

370

286

286

286

286

1.110

548

388

352

335

352

318

286

286

Nov.

270

255

240

226

226

226

212

212

212

1,290

226

212

212

198

226

800

682

465

485

1,820

1.110

682

465

388

352

352

318

302

286

270

Dec.

270

255

255

240

226

226

212

198

198

171

158

352

286

255

240

240

198

1.290

6,290

1,420

800

638

525

548

728

2,690

1.820

728

5.410

7,730

2,240

Jan.

2,240

2,540

1,680

1.110

1,060

950

850

638

682

705

728

1,060

1,540

750

682

548

592

728

592

548

548

505

465

485

548

525

465

682

1,000

Feb.

720

750

800

682

800

728

1,170

1,060

800

705

682

850

5.410

1,820

1,350

1,170

950

1,350

1,540

950

850

705

aso

2,540

4,730

1,960

1,170

850

Mar.

800

850

750

728

505

682

405

465

750

638

388

352

950

682

548

682

548

570

3,140

7,820

2,240

2,100

1,890

1,820

Q Qdn

4,730

3,140

Apr.

2,240

1,680

1,420

1.420

1J230

1,060

850

1,060

3,910

1,540

1,420

1.170

1,000

900

850

728

682

682

615

592

2,240

1,060

705

1,290

950

728

728

660

May.

638

548

525

318

705

592

505

485

465

370

352

318

318

318

352

388

352

335

302

286

286

388

682

445

388

335

352

405

425

June.

318

255

255

800

281

270

2,690

1,960

2,240

1,680

1,060

900

615

485

5,930

13,300

12,400

4,480

2,320

2,030

1,420

1,960

1,350

1,000

850

705

668

850

570

505

July.

485

445

405

370

335

318

302

286

270

302

370

302

286

302

405

370

335

445

405

302

270

270

1,000

800

2,240

5,580

1,960

1,290

660

525

Aug.

505

525

388

352

465

425

388

370

318

425

286

270

240

240

240

212

226

198

184

198

184

171

198

171

184

171

570

370

302

212

Sept

171

171

146

146

134

146

122

122

99

78

78

88

78

78

7,550

3,440

2,100

286

226

184

146

134

1,290

950

682

226

198

171

171

171
168

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1916.

[Drainage area, 660 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July ...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,140

1,820 

7, 730 

2,540 

5,410 

9,940 

3,910 

705 

13,300 

5,580 

570 

7,550

13,300

Minimum.

286 

198 

158 

465 

682 

318 

592 

286 

255 

270 

171 

78

78

Mean.

571 

441 

1,190 

915 

1,330 

1,910 

1,200 

413 

2.140 

824 

297 

653

990

Per 

square 

mile.

0.865 

.668 

1.80 

1.39 

2.02 

2.89 

1.82 

.626 

3.24 

1.25 

.450 

.989

1.50

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.00 

.75 

2.08 

1.60 

2.18 

3.33 

2.03 

.72 

3.62 

1.44 

.52 

1.10

20.37

OCCOQUAN CREEK NEAR OCCOQUAN, VA.

LOCATION. At Frank Davis's farm, about 1 mile above Beaverdam Creek, about 4^ 

miles upstream and northwest of Occoquan, on the line between Fairfax and 

Prince William counties.

DRAINAGE AREA. 546 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 14, 1913, to May 3, 1916, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Friez water stage recorder on left bank installed April 27,1913, referred to an 

inclined staff on left bank about 150 feet upstream. Observer, Miss Sadie Bradley. 

Previous to installation of recorder, a temporary vertical staff on opposite bank 

was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 75 feet below the recorder, or 

by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and large rocks; control is practically permanent. 

Stage of zero flow at foot gage height, 0.4.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

15.5feetat4p.m.,March 28 (discharge, 11,900 second-feet); minimum stage from 

water stage recorder, 2.10 feet at 5 p. m., December 11 (discharge 50 second-feet). 

1913-1916: Maximum stage 21.2 feet on afternoon of January 13, 1915, determined from flood marks on recorder shelter (discharge determined from extension 

of rating curve, 20,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.39 feet, September 13-18, 1913, discharge, 9.7 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for short periods.

ACCURACY. Discharge relation has remained practically permanent and was affected 

by ice for only a few days during the winter. Gage-height record satisfactory. 

Rating curve well denned between 15 and 10,000 second-feet. Daily discharge 

obtained by discharge integrator except for March 28-29 and April 25-26, which 

are averages of two-hourly values. Because of ice effect, estimated corrections 

were applied to gage height graph January 8-10,16-21, and February 14-18 before 

integrating. Records excellent except at extremely high and low stages and 

periods of ice effect.
POTOMAC ETVER BASIN. 169

Discharge measurements of Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va., during the year ending

Sept. 36,1916.

Date.

Nov. 4

Made byWalters and Stewart . . .

«.

Feet. 

2.21

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

63.6

Date.

Aug. 14

Made by 

Peterson and Walters . .

AT,.

Feet. 

2.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

115

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1................. ...................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26. ...................................

27....................................

28....................................

29. ...................................

30....................................

31................................ ...

Oct.

642

2,010

500

275

200

232

257

235

165

isn

120

114

98

oft

86

82

78

78

108

189

137

107

QK

81

83

82

100

QK

82

Nov.

T>

68

64

63

60

60

60

60

58f;Q

60

63

(20

61

66

64

64

75

92

373

232

146

116

100

88

82

76

77

74

68

Dec.

68

68

67

63

63

58

57

58

60

60

Cfl

57

57

61

85

55

60

81

523

315

194

152

129

114

111

283

fifM

1 090

1^900

861

Jan.

607

612

513

357

277

261

246

190

140

170

720

1,060

QAO

645

355

230

230

190

170

150

150 ion

377

331

91 Q

193

180

168

162

592

935

Feb.

71 %

2,100

2,600

1,010

780

1 140

1*520

841

534

856

697

578

680

470

340

380

520

1,150

740

425

380

337

286

289

2,260

695

445

VT>

Mar.

344

318

378

405

297

' 286

260

245

249

208

186

166

158

160

200

346

238

186

158

149

145

408

1,460

615

436

366

320

7,140

3 OCA

1,790

1,080

Apr.

' 769

603

499

582

485

419

1T7

340

1,210

1,630

739

535

438

380

330

270

241

223

210

190

176

200

325

220

1,170

4 680

2,050

1,200

767

570

May.

454

378

320

Monthly discharge of Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916.

[Drainage area, 546 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,010 

373 

1,900 

1,060 

2,600 

7,140 

4,680

Minimum.

78 

58 

55 

140 

286 

145 

176

Mean.

226 

88.8 

250 

372 

847 

727 

728

Per 

square 

mile.

0.414 

.163 

.458 

.681 

1.55 

1.33 

1.33

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.48 

.18 

.53 

.79 

1.67 

1.53 

1.48
170 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART I.

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN.

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER NEAR FREDERICKSBTTRO, VA.

LOCATION. At the rear of the McWhirt farm, about 1J miles above the dam of the 

Spottsylvania Power Co., and about 3J miles above Fredericksburg, Spottsylvania County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,590 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 19, 1907, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff on right bank installed November 4,1913, to replace chain gage 

destroyed October 31, 1913. Original gage was a vertical staff, which was destroyed February 14,1908, and replaced February 20,1908, by a chain gage under 

the cable. All gages referred to the same datum and at practically same site. 

Gage read by J..W. Franklin and Charles Perry.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable at the gage. At extreme low water 

measurements can be made by wading or from a bridge over the power canal 

below the dam.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Both banks wooded; right bank subject to overflow at 

stage about 15 feet, left bank at about 12 feet. One channel, bed composed of 

boulders and somewhat rough. Current sluggish at extreme low water. Control 

is a rocky section a few hundred feet below the gage; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.5 feet at 9 a. m. 

June 17 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 33,600 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded, 0.88 foot September 23 (discharge, 260 secondfeet).

1907-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 11.0 feet January 13, 1915, determined 

by leveling from flood marks (discharge determined from extension of rating 

curve, 36,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.30 foot at 3 p. m. August 

21, 1914 (discharge 72 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms near gage but seldom in sufficient quantity at control section to affect 

stage-discharge relation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice 

during the year. Rating curve well defined except at extremely high and low 

stages. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results good.

No discharge measurements made during the year.
EAPPAHANNOCK ETVEE BASIF. 171

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

is

14..............

11

16..............

17.............. 

18..............

19..............

20..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,770

4 140

2,570

1,840

1,280

1,040

1,560

1,560

1,480

1,280

1,160

1,100

1,100

1 040

1,040

1,040 

1 040

1^040

1,040

1,620

1,420

1,160

1,040

918

918

975

1,040

975

860

805

Nov.

750

860

QAE

750

718

740

750

740

7W

740

718

740

698

740

7cn

805

805 

718

750

2,920

1,840

1,220

1,040

918

918

860

805

805

750

805

Dec.

7in

698

698

698

687

656

656

616

607

656

560

569

636

698

656

645

676 

805

2,570

1,560

1,280

975

750

698

740

1,040

918

718

1,560

8,010

3,700

Jan.

2,740

2 940

2 fi8fl

1,620

1,480

1,420

1,560

1,420

1,350

1,100

2,400

2,920

2,570

2,400

1,840

1,700

1,560 

1,350

1,160

1,160

i v\n

1,420

1,420

1,280

1,100

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,280

1,420

Feb.

1,560

2,240

5,360

2,920

2,400

2 Ann

2,400

2,080

2,000

2,080

2,080

2,240

2,080

1,700

1,480

1,350

1,840

2 400

1,920

1,700

1,480

1,350

1,350

1,350

4,140

s jon

2,740

2,080

1,840

Mar.

1,770

1,620

2,000

1,920

1,770

1,560

1,420

1,350

1,350

1,280

1,160

1,100

1,040

1,040

1,220

1,280

1,040 

918

918

918

918

1,040

2,000

1,840

1,420

1,350

1,350

12,000

10,100

5,910

3,700

Apr.

3,100

2,920

2 400

2,400

2,240

2,240

2,240

2,240

3,490

3,100

2,570

2,240

,2,080

2,000

1,920

1,700

1,560 

1,480

1,350

1,350

1,280

1,480

1,560

1,480

1,700

5,360

2,920

2,570

2,240

2,080

May.

1,700

1,560

1,480

1,420

1,560

2,740

2,000

1,700

1,560

1,350

1,350

1,220

1,160

1,100

918

975

1, 620

1,620

1,220

1,040

975

918

1,040

1,420

1,220

975

860

805

2,570

8,680

2,920

June.

1,620

1,280

1,040

1,100

805

860

1,620

2,400

4,850

5,630

6,770

3,490

2,570

1,770

2,400

25,100

30,900 

8,010

4,850

3,920

3,490

4,140

3,490

3,490

8,680

5,100

3,100

6,770

4,140

2,740

July.

2,080

1,920

1,770

1,620

1,220

1,160

1,040

975

975

1,040

1,840

1,480

1,160

1,040

975

975

1,160 

11,300

3,100

2,240

1,350

1,160

1,700

2,570

9,390

15,000

7,380

5,100

3,490

2,400

1,800

Aug.

2,240

1,700

1,200

676

687

698

578

510

Sept.

588

578

502

418

526

510

462

425

918

860

598

462

288

598

645

975

* Uo

569

478

323

288

288

260

349

518

349

349

288

336

288

NOTE. Gage not read July 30 to Aug. 23 and Aug. 25-26; discharge July 30-31 and Aug. 25-26 estimated 

as in table; mean discharge Aug. 1-23 estimated 1,400 second-feet by comparison with records of flow of 

adjacent streams.

Monthly discharge of Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,590 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

20,600 

2,920 

8,010 

2,920 

5,360 

12,000 

5,360 

8,680 

30,900 

15,000

975

30,900

Minimum.

805 

698 

560 

1,040 

1,350 

918 

1,280 

805 

805 

975 

510 

260

260

Mean.

1,950 

907 

1,180 

1,600 

2,210 

2,200 

2,240 

1,670 

5,200 

2,920 

1, 310 

491

1,990

Per 

square 

mile.

1.23

.570 

.742 

1.01 

1.39 

1.38 

1.41 

1.05 

3.27 

1.84 

.824 

.309

1.25

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.42 

.64 

.86 

1.16 

1.50 

1.59 

1.57 

1.21 

3.65 

2.12 

.95 

.34

17.01
INDEX.

A. Page. 

Accuracy, degree of........................... 13-14

Aeknoi rfedgments to those aiding........... 14

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 8

Adams, G. F., work of....................... 14

Adirondack Electric Power Corporation, cooperationof..................... 14

Albion, R. I., Blackstone River at........... 72-73

Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y.......... 146-147

Amherst, Maine, West Branch of Union

River at......................... 20-21

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H........ 44-45

at Erroldam, N. H..................... 43-44

at Rumford Falls, Maine............... 46-47

Androscoggin River basin, N. H.-Maine,

streamflowin................... 43-50

Appropriations, table of..................... 7

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H.......... 82-84

Athol, Mass., East Branch of Tully River

near............................. 91-92

Authorization of work....................... 7-8

Aziscohos dam, Maine, Magalloway River at. 47-48

B.

Bangor, Maine, Kenduskeag Stream near... 33-35 

Bames, R. S., work of...................... 14

Bean, P. L., cooperation with.............. 14

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N.Y.......... 153-154

Bennetts Bridge, Conn., Pomperaug River

at............................. 119-121

Berlin, N. H., Androscoggin River at...... 44-45

Blackbridge, N. Y., West Branch of Sacandaga River at.................. 140-141

Blackstone River at Albion, R.I........... 72-73

Blackstone River basin, R. I., stream flow in 72-73 

Borden Brook near Westfleld, Mass........ 112-113

Burchard, E. D., work of.................... 15

Burtonsville, Md., Patuxent River near... 163-164

C. 

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y...... 129-130

Charlemont, Mass., Deerfield River at....... 94-95

Charlton, N. Y., Alplaus Kill near......... 146-147

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y........ 161-162

Chenango River near Chenango Forks,

N.Y........................... 159-160

Chester, Mass., West Branch of Westfleld

River at....................... 108-109

Cleaves, B. F., cooperation with............. 14

Clinton, Mass., South Branch of Nashua

River basin near................. 67-68

Cole, J. N., cooperation with................... 14

Computed results, accuracy of............... 13

Concord River at Lowell, Mass.............. 68-69

Connecticut, cooperation with............... 14

Connecticut Power Co., financial assistance

Of................................ 14

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H....... 74-75

at Sunderland, Mass..................... 76-77

Connecticut River basin, N. H.-Mass.-Vt.,

streamflowin.................. 74-115

Page. 

Connecticut Valley Lumber Co., financial

assistance of..................... 14

Conners, E. W., work of..................... 14

Control, definition of........................ 8

Cooks Falls, N. Y., Beaver Kill at......... 153-154

Cooperation, details of....................... 14

Cornish, Maine, Ossipee River at............ 54

Saco River at............................ 52

Covert, C. C., work of....................... 15

Current meters, view of...................... 10

D.

Danforth, G. C., workof..................... 14

Data, accuracy of............................ 13-14

explanation of........................... 11-13

Davison, A. H., work of..................... 15

Dead River at the Forks, Maine............. 40-42

Dean, H. J., work of......................... 14,15

Deerfleld River at Charlemont, Mass........ 94-95

Deficiency, explanation of table of........... 13

Definition of terms.......................... 8-9

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N.Y....... 150-151

atRiegelsville, N.J................... 151-153

Delaware River, East Branch, at Fish Eddy,

N.Y.......................... 148-149

Delaware River, West Branch, at Hate Eddy,

N.Y.......................... 155-156

Delaware River basin, N. Y.-N. J., stream

flow in........................ 118-156

Discharge, conversion of..................... 9-10

explanation of tables of................... 12-13

Discharge relations, definition of............. 8-9

E.

Eagle Bridge, N. Y., Hoosic River near..... 142-143

Elwood, W. A., work of..................... 14

Equivalents, convenient, table of............ 9-1

Errol dam, N. H., Androscoggin River at.... 43-44

Erving, Mass.,MillersRiverat.............. 86-87

F.

Falls Village, Conn., Housatonic River near 117-119 

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass. 113-115 

Fear, H. W., work of........................ 14,15

Fish Eddy, N. Y., East Branch of Delaware

River at....................... 148-149

Fort Kent, Maine, St. John River at........ 15-16

Foxcroft, Maine, Piscataquis River near..... 29-31

Framingham, Mass., Sudbury River basin

near............................. 70-71

Franklin Junction, N. H., Merrimack River

at............................... 54-56

Frederick, Md., Monopacy River near...... 166-168

Fredericksburg, Va., Rappahannock River

near........................... 170-171

G.

Gaging stations, description of............... 12-13

distribution of........................... 7-8

view of.................................. 10

173
174 INDEX.

Page. 

Gardner, Mass., Otter River near............ 90-91

Gates, C. W., cooperation with.............. 14

Gibbs Crossing, Mass., Ware River at....... 96-97

Goss Heights, Mass., Middle Branch of Westfield Riverat.................. 106-107

Great Barrington, Mass., Housatonic River

near........................... 115-117

Grindstone, Maine, East Branch of Penotascot River at.................... 25-27

H.

Hadley, N. Y., Sacandaga River at........ 138-139

Hale Eddy, N. Y., West Branch of Delaware

Riverat....................... 155-156

Hartwell, O. W., work of.................... 15

Hearn, Hope, work of....................... 14

Hill, W. G., work of......................... 14

Hinsdale, N. H., Ashuelot River at.......... 82-84

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y...... 142-143

Holyoke Water Power Co., financial assistance of.......................... 14

Hope, N. Y., Sacandaga River near....... 136-137

Horsepower, calculation of................... 11

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn... 117-119 

near Great Barrington, Mass........... 115-117

Housatonic River basin, Mass.-Conn., stream

flow in........................ 115-121

Hudson River at Mechanicvme, N. Y..... 128-129

at North Creek, N.Y.................. 122-123

at Spier Falls, N.Y................... 126-127

at Thurman, N. Y.................... 124-125

near Indian Lake, N. Y............... 121-122

Hudson River basin, New York, stream flow

in............................. 121-147

I. 

Indian Lake, N. Y., Cedar River near..... 129-130

Hudson River near.................... 121-122

Indian Lake reservoir near............ 131-132

Indian River near..................... 133-134

International Paper Co., financial assistance

of................................ 14

J.

Jackson, H. J., work of. 

James, W. A., work of..

K.

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine..... 33-35

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine........ 36-38

atWaterviUe,Maine..................... 38-39

Kennebec River basin, Maine, stream flow in. 35-42 

Knightville, Mass., Westfleld River near.. 102-103

L. »

Lake Cochituate basin, Mass., stream flow in. 72 

Lawrence, Mass., Merrimack River at....... 58-59

Lee, Lasley, work of......................... 15

Little Androscoggin River near South Paris,

Maine............................ 48-50

Lowell, Maine, Passadumkeag River at...... 31-33

Lowell, Mass., Concord River at............. 68-69

Merrimack River at..................... 56-57

M. 

McElwain Co., W. H., financial assistance

of................................ 14

Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine....... 18-19

Page.

Machias River basin, Maine, stream flow in.. 18-19 

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine. 47-48 

Maine, cooperation with..................... 14

Massachusetts, cooperation with............... 14

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag,

Maine........................... 27-29

Mechanicville, N. Y., Hudson Riverat..... 128-129

Merrimack, N. H., Souhegan River at........ 60-67

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H. 54-56 

at Lawrence, Mass....................... 58-59

at Lowell, Mass.......................... 56-57

Merrimack Rjver basin, N. H.-Mass, stream

flow in.......................... 54-72

Millers River at Erving, Mass............... 86-87

nearWinchendon,Mass................. 84-85

Millinocket, Maine, West Branch of Penobscot River at.................... 22

Miner's inch, equivalent of.................. 10

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N.Y. 144-145 

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md....... 166-168

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine....... 35-36

Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass......... 93-94

N.

Nashua River basin, South Branch, near 

Clinton, Mass.............................. 67-68

New Boston, Mass., Farmington River near 113-115 

New England Power Co., financial assistance

of................................ 14

New York, cooperation with................. 14

North Creek, N. Y., Hudson River at..... 122-123

O.

Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va....... 168-169

Orford, N. H., Connecticut River at......... 74-75

Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine............. 54

Otter River near Gardner, Mass............. 90-91

P.

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine...... 31-33

Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, Vt...... 78-79

near St. Johnsbury, Vt.................. 78-79

Patuxent River basin, Md., stream flowin. 163-164 

Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md..... 163-164

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine.... 23-25

Penobscot River, East Branch, at Grindstone, Maine.................... 25-27

Penobscot River, West Branch, at Millinocket, Maine................... 22

near Medway,Maine.................... 22-23

Penobscot River basin, Maine, stream flowin. 22-35 

Peterson, B. J., work of..................... 15

Pierce, C. H., preparation of data by........ 14

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine...... 29-31

PointofRocks, Md., Potomac River at.... 165-166

Pomperaug Riverat Bennetts Bridge,Conn. 119-121 

Port Jervis, N. Y., Delaware River at..... 150-151

Potomac Electric Power Co., financial assistance of...........'.....-...-...-. 14

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md..... 165-166

Potomac River basin, Md.-Va., stream flow

in............................. 165-169

Presumpscot River at Sebago Lake outlet,

Maine......................... 50-51

Presumpscot River basin, Maine, stream flow

in............................... 50-51
INDEX. 175

Page. 

Priest Brook near Winehendon, Mass........ 89-90

Public Utilities Commission, Maine, cooperationwith........................ 14

QQuaboag River at West Brimfleld, Mass... 100-101

R. 

Rappahannoek River basin, Va., stream flow

in............................. 170-171

Rappahannoek River near Fredericksburg,

Va............................ 170-171

Rating tables, useof......................... 12

Riegelsville, N. J., Delaware River at...... 151-153

Riverbankj N. Y., Schroon River at....... 134-136

Rumford Falls, Maine, Androscoggin River at 46-47 

Run-ofl, definition of........................ 8

Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y......... 138-139

near Hope, N. Y...................... 136-137

Sacandaga River, West Branch, at Blackbridge, N. Y................... 140-141

near Wells, N.Y...................... 140-141

Saco River at Cornish, Maine................ 52

at West Buxton, Maine.................. 52-53

Saco River basin, Maine, stream flow in...... 52-54

St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine......... 15

at Van Buren, Maine.................... 16-17

St. John River basin, Maine, stream flow in.. 15-17 

St. Johnsbury, Vt., Passumpsic River near.. 78-79 

Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y........ 134-136

Sebago Lake outlet, Maine, Presumpscot

River at........................... 50-51

Sebasticook River at Pittsfleld, Maine....... 42

Second-foot, definition of.................... 8

Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass.... 87-89

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H........ 60-67

South Paris, Maine, Little Androscoggin

Rivernear...................... 48-50

Spier Falls, N. Y., Hudson River at-..... 126-127

Spottsylvania Power Co.,financial assistance

of............................... 14

Stevens, G.C., work of...................... 15

Stewart, J. E., workef...................... 15

Sudbury River basin near Framingham,

Mass., stream flow in............ 70-71

Sunderland, Mass., Connecticut River at.... 76-77

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y...... 157-158

Susquehanna River basin, N. Y., stream

flow-in........................ 157-162

Swift River at West Ware, Mass............ 98-99

T. Page.

Terms, definition of......................... 8-9

The Forks, Maine, Dead River at........... 40-42

Kennebec River at...................... 36-38

Thunnan, N. Y., Hudson River at........ 124-125

Thweatt, Hardin, work of................... 14

Tully River, East Branch, hear Athol, Mass. 91-92 

Turners Falls Power & Electric Co., financial

assistance of..................... 14

U.

Union River, West Branch, at Amherst,

Maine........................... 20-21

Union River basin, Maine, stream flow in... 20-21

V.

Van Buren, Maine, St. John River at....... 16-17

Vermont, cooperation with.................. 14

Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., Mohawk River

at............................. 144-145

W.

Walsh, D. I., cooperation with.............. 14

Walters, M. I., work of...................... 15

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass......... 96-97

Water-stage recorders, use of................ 12

views of................................. 11

Waterville, Maine, Kennebec River at....... 38-39

Wells, N. Y., West Branch of Sacandaga

Rivernear.................... 140-141

Wendell Depot, Mass., Moss Brook at........ 93-94

West Brimfield, Mass., Quaboag River at.. 100-101 

West Buxton, Maine, Saco River at......... 52-53

West Enfleld, Maine, Penobscot River at.... 23-25

Westfield, Mass., Borden Brook near...... 112-113

Westfleld Little River near........... 110-111

Westfleld River near.................. 104-105

Westfleld River at Knightville, Mass...... 102-103

near Westfield, Mass.................. 104-105

Westfleld River, Middle Branch, at Goss

Heights, Mass................. 106-107

Westfield River, West Branch, at Chester,

Mass.......................... 108-109

West Hartford, Vt., White River at......... 80-81

West Ware, Mass., Swift River at........... 98-99

White River at West Hartford, Vt.......... 80-81

Whitney ville, Maine, Machias River at...... 18-19

Winchendon, Mass., Millers River near...... 84-85

Priest Brook near....................... 89-90

Sip Pond Brook near.................... 87-98

Work, division of............................ 14-15

Z.

Zero flow, definition of.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PART I, NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE BASINS

99282° 18 WSP 431 12
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE BASINS.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume 

of flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, 

but it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects 

as irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, monographs, and 

annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published 

annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below.

PART I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin. 

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin. 

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

IX. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins (in three volumes).

This appendix contains, in addition to the list of gaging stations 

and the annotated list of publications relating specifically to the 

section, a similar list of reports that are of general interest in many 

sections and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects; also brief 

references to reports published by State and other organizations 

(p. XXHI).

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below.

in
IV STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Madison, Wis., c/o Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Topeka, Kans., 25 Federal Building.

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Phoenix, Ariz., 417 Fleming Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Cal., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,100 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports indicated in the following table:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A= Annual Report; B=Bulletin; W= Water-Supply Paper.]

Report. 

lOthA, pt. 2...........

Hth A, pt. 2..... ......

12th A, pt. 2... ........

13th A, pt. 3... ........

B 131..................

16th A, pt. 2. ..........

B 140.......... .........

Wll........ ...........

13th A, pt. 4...........

Character of data.

.....do.........................................................

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

(also similar data for some earlier years).

Year.

1884 to Sept.,

1890.

1891. 

1884 to Dec. ai,

1892.

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1898.

1895 and 1896.
STKEAM-GAGI1TO STATIONS. V 

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

W15...................

W16...................

19th A, pt. ^. ..........

W27.. .................

W28........... ........

20thA.pt. 4...........

W 35 to 39.... ..........

21st A, pt. 4...... ......

W 47 to 52.. ............

22dA.pt. 4.... ........

W65, 66..... ...........

W75.. .................

W82to85.............

W97 to 100.. ...........

W 124 to 135... ........

W 165 to 178...........

W201 to 214.. .........

W241to252. ..........

W261to272...........

W281to.292...........

W301 to 312... ........

W321to332... ........

W351to362.. .........

W381to394. ..........

W401to414...........

W431 to 444. ..........

Character of data.

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and 

western United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.................. .....................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

Year.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1898.

1898. 

1899. 

1S99. 

1900. 

1900. 

1901. 1901.' 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basin, the numbers of papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1914. The data for any particular station will be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data for 1902 to 1916 for any station in the area 

covered by Part III are published in Water-Supply Papers 83, 98, 

128, 169, 205, 243, 263, 283, 303, 323, 353, 383, 403, and 433, which 

contain records for the Ohio River basin .for those years.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m

Year.

1899o......

19000......

1901.......

1902.......

1903.......

1904.......

1905.......

1906.......

1907-8..... 

1909.......

1910.......

1911.......

1912.......

1913.......

1914.......

1915.......

1916.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

basins 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35 

47. ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

» 124, ol25, 

P126 

» 166, o!66, 

P167 

n 201,o 202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

635.36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

P 126,127

P 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432

in

Ohio 

River 

basin.

36 

48,* 49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes 

basins.

36 

49 

65,75 

*82,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper 

Mississippi 

River 

basin.

36

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

Jfe83,85 

*98,99,mlOO 

* 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435

VI

Missouri 

River 

basin.

C36.37 

49, /SO 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,2131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436

VII

Lower Mississippi 

River 

basin.

37 

50 

k 65. 66, 75 

*83,84 

*98,99 

k 128, 131

k 169, 173 

4205,209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407 

437

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438

C

1

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utan contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report-Part IV.

* Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James Biver.

< Scioto River.

i Loup and Platte 

with Platte.

* Tributaries of Mi

l Lake Ontario and 

TO Hudson Bay only

n New England Ri

o Hudson River to 

P Susquehanna Riv

3 Platte and Kansa

r Great Basin in C

> Below junction w

* Rogue, Umpqua, 
STREAM-GAGING STATION'S. VII

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The mam stem of any river is determined by 

measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each tributary 

basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

In exception to this rule the records for Mississippi River are given 

in four parts, as indicated on page in, and the records for large lakes 

are taken up in order of streams around the rim of the lake.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The principal streams flowing into the Atlantic Ocean between St. 

John River, Maine-New Brunswick, and York River, Virginia, are 

the St. Croix, Machias, Union, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, 

Saco, Merrimack, Mystic, Blackstone, Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, 

Susquehanna, Potomac, and Rappahannock. The streams drain 

wholly or in part the States of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.

GAGING STATIONS.1

NOTE. Dash after date indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1916. Period after a 

date indicates discontinuance.

ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN.

St. John River near Dickey, Maine, 1910-11. 

St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine, 1905-1915. 

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, 1908-

Allagash River near Allagash, Maine, 1910-11.

St. Francis River at St. Francis, Maine, 1910-11.

Fish River at Wallagrass, Maine, 1903-1908; 1911.

Madawaska River at St. Rose du Degele, Quebec, 1910-11.

Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Maine, 1903-1910.

ST. CROIX RIVER BASIN.

St. Croix River near Woodland (Spragues Falls), Maine, 1902-1911. 

St. Croix River at Baring, Maine, 1914.

West Branch of St. Croix River at Baileyville, Maine, 1910-1912.

MACHIAS RIVER BASIN.

Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, 1903-

1 St. John River to York Elver, inclusive.
VIII STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

UNION RIVER BASIN.

Union River, West Branch (head of Union River), at Amherst, Maine, 1909- 

Union River, West Branch, near Mariaville, Maine, 1909. 

Union River at Ellsworth, Maine, 1909.

East Branch of Union River near Waltham, Maine, 1909.

Webb Brook at Waltham, Maine, 1909.

Green Lake (head of Reeds Brook) at Green Lake, Maine, 1909-1912.

Reeds Brook [Green Lake Stream] at Lakewood, Maine, 1909-1913.

Branch Lake (head of Branch Lake Stream) near Ellsworth, Maine, 1909-1915.

Branch Lake Stream near Ellsworth, Maine, 1909-1914.

. PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN.

Penobscot River, West Branch (head of Penobscot River), atMillinocket, Maine, 1901- 

Penobscot River, West Branch, near Medway, Maine, 1916- 

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, 1901- 

Penobscot River at Sunkhaze rips, near Costigan, Maine, 1899-1900. 

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grand Lake dam, Maine, 1912. 

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, 1902- 

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, 1902- 

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, 1902- 

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, 1915-

Cold Stream Pond (head of Cold Stream), Maine, 1900-1911 (record of opening 

 and closing of pond). 

Cold Stream at Enfield, Maine, 1904-1906. 

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, 1908- 

Orland River:

Phillips Lake outlet near East Holden, Maine, 1904-1908.

ST. GEORGE RIVER BASIN.

St. George River at Union, Maine, 1913-14.

KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN.

Moose River (head of Kennebec River) near Rockwood, Maine, 1902-1908; 1910-1912. 

Moosehead Lake (on Kennebec River) at Greenville, Maine, 1903-1906 (stage only). 

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine (stage only), 1895- 

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, 1901- 

Kennebec River at Bingham, Maine, 1907-1910. 

Kennebec River at North Anson, Maine, 1901-1907. 

Kennebee River at Waterville, Maine, 1892-

Kennebec River at Gardiner, Maine, 1785-1910 (record of opening and closing of 

navigation).

Roach River at Roach River, Maine, 1901-1908.

Dead River near The Foks, Maine, 1901-1907; 1910-

Carrabassett River at North Anson, Maine, 1901-1907.

Sandy River near Farmington, Maine, 1910-1915.

Sandy River near Madison, Maine, 1904-1908.

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine, 1908-

Messalonskee Stream at Waterville, Maine, 1903-1905.

Cobbosseecontee Lake (on Cobbosseecontee Stream), Maine, 1839-1911 (dates of 

opening and closing).

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine, 1890-1915.
STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS. IX

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN.

Rangeley Lake (head of Androscoggin River), Maine, 1879-1911 (dates of opening and

closing).

Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H., 1905- 

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., 1913- 

Androscoggin River at Gorham, N. H., 1903 (fragmentary). 

Androscoggin River at Shelburne, N. H., 1903-1907; 1910. 

Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, 1892-1903; 1905- 

Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Maine, 1902-1908.

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine, 1912-

Auburn Lake, Maine, 1890-1911 (date of opening).

Little Androscoggin River at Bisco Falls, near South Paris, Maine, 1913-

PBESUMPSCOT RIVEB BASIN.

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, 1887-

SACO RIVER BASIN.

Saco River near Center Conway, N. H., 1903-1912. 

Saco River at Cornish, Maine, 1916- 

Saco River at West Buxton, Maine, 1907- 

Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, 1916-

MEBBIMACK BIVER BASIN.

Pemigewasset River (head of Merrimack River) at Plymouth, N. H., 1886-1913. 

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., 1903- 

Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H., 1904-1915. 

Merrimack River at Lowell, Mass., 1848-1861; 1866- 

Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., 1880-

Middle Branch of Pemigewasset River at North Woodstock, N. H., 1911-12.

Lake Winnepesaukee at Lakeport, N. H., 1860-1911. (Stage only.)

Contoocook River at West Hopkinton, N. H., 1903-1907.

Suncook River at East Pembroke, N. H., 1904-5.

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., 1909-

Nashua River:

South Branch of Nashua River, Clinton, Mass., 1896-

Concord River at Lowell, Mass., 1901-

Sudbury River at Framingham, Mass., 1875- 

Lake Cochituate at Cochituate, Mass., 1863-

MYSTIC RIVEB BASIN.

Mystic Lake (on Mystic River) near Boston, Mass., 1878-1897.

CHABLES BIVEB BASIN.

Charles River at Waltham, Mass., 1903-1909.

TAUNTON BIVER BASIN.

Matfield River (head of Taunton River) at Elmwood, Mass., 1909-10. 

Satucket River near Elmwood, Mass., 1909-10.
X STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

PROVIDENCE RIVEE BASIN.

Providence River: 

Seekonk River:

Tenmile River near Rumford, R. I., 1909. 

Blackstone River at Woonsocket, R. I., 1904-5. 

Blackstone River at Albion, R. I., 1914- 

Blackstone River at Berkeley, R. I., 1901-2.

Branch River at Branch Village, R. I., 1909-10; 1912-13. 

Woonasquatucket River at Olneyville, R. I., 1910.

PAWTUXET RIVER BASIN.

Pawtuxet River at Harris, R. I., 1909.

PAWCATUCK RIVER BASIN.

Pawcatuck River:

Wood River at Hope Valley, R. I., 1909-10.

THAMES RIVER BASIN.

Thames River:

Quinebaug River:

Shetucket River at Willimantic, Conn., 1904-5.

CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN.

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H., 1900- 

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., 1904- 

Connecticut River at Holyoke, Mass., 1880-1899. 

Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn., 1896-1908.

Israel River above South Branch, near Jefferson Highlands, N. H., 1903-1906. 

Israel River below South Branch, at Jefferson Highlands, N. H., 1903-1907. 

Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., 1909- 

Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt., 1903. 

Ammonoosuc River at Bretton Woods, N. H., 1903-1907.

Zealand River near Twin Mountain, N. H., 1903-1907.

Little River at Twin Mountain, N. H., 1904-5. 

White River at Sharon, Vt., 1903-1904; 1909-1913. 

White River at West Hartford, Vt., 1915- 

Ashuelot River at Winchester, N. H., 1903-1904. 

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H., 1907-1909; 1914- 

Millers River at Wendell, Mass., 1909-1913. 

Millers River near Winchenden, Mass., 1916- 

Millers River at Erving, Mass., 1914-

Sip Pond Brook near Winchenden, Mass., 1916-

Priest Brook near Winchenden, Mass., 1916-

Otter River near Gardner, Mass., 1916-

East Branch Tully River near Athol, Mass., 1916-

Moss Brook at Wendell, Mass., 1909-10; 1916- 

Deerfield River at Hoosac Tunnel, Mass., 1909-1913. 

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., 1913- 

Deerfield River at Shelburne Falls, Mass., 1907-1913. 

Deerfield River at Deerfield, Mass., 1904-5. 

Ware River (head of Chicopee River) at Ware, Mass., 1904-1911. 

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., 1912-

Burnshirt River near Templeton, Mass., 1909.

Swift River at West Ware, Mass., 1910-

Quaboag River at West Warren, Mass., 1903-1907. 

" Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass:, 1909-
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XI

Connecticut River tributaries Continued.

Wesfcfield River at Knightville, Mass., 1909-

Westfield River at Russell, Mass., 1904-5.

Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., 1914-

Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 1910- 

West Branch of Westfield River at Chester, Mass., 1915. 

Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., 1905- 

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., 1910-

Fannington River near New Boston, Mass., 1913-

Salmon River at Leesville, Conn., 1905-6.

HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN.

Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., 1913- 

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., 1912- 

Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn., 1900-1914.

Tenmile River at Dover Plains, N. Y., 1901-1903.

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., 1913-

MIANUS RIVER BASIN.

Mianus River at Bedford, N. Y., 1903. 

Mianus River near Stamford, Conn., 1903.

BYRAM RIVER BASIN.

Byram River, West Branch (head of Byram River), near Port Chester, N. Y., 1903. 

Byram River at Pemberwick, Conn., 1903.

East Branch of Byram River near Greenwich, Conn., 1903.

Middle Branch of Byram River near Riverville, Conn., 1903.

HUDSON RIVER BASIN.

Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1916- 

Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., 1907- 

Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y., 1907- 

Hudson River at Corinth, N. Y., 1904-1912. 

Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y., 1912- 

Hudson River at Fort Edward, N. Y., 1899-1908. 

Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y., 1890-

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1911-

Indian Lake reservoir near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1900-

Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1912-1914; 1915-

Schroon Lake (on Schroon River) at Pottersville, N. Y., 1908-iail.

Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., 1907-

Schroon River at Warrensburg, N. Y., 1895-1902.

Sacandaga River at Wells, N. Y., 1907-1911.

Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y., 1911-

Sacandaga River at Northville, N. Y., 1907-1910.

Sacandaga River near Hadley, N. Y., 1907-1910.

Sacandaga River (at cable) at Hadley, N. Y., 1911-

Sacandaga River at Union Bag & Paper Co.'s mill at Hadley, N. Y., 1909-1911. 

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Whitehouse, N. Y., 1910. 

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, near Wells, N. Y., 1911-

Batten Kill at Battenville, N. Y., 1908.

Fish Creek at Burgoyne, N. Y., 1905; 1908.

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., 1910-

Hoosic River at Buskirk, N. Y., 1903-1908.

Mohawk River at Ridge Mills, near Rome, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Mohawk Kiver at Utica, N. Y., 1901-1903.
XII STTtEAM-GAGIKG STATIONS.

Hudson River tributaries Continued.

Mohawk River at Little Falls, N. Y., 1898-1909; 1912.

Mohawk River at Rocky Rift dam, near Indian Castle, N. Y., 1901.

Mohawk River at Tribes Hill, N. Y., 1912.

Mohawk River at Schenectady, N. Y., 1899-1901.

Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, N. Y., 1898-1901.

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., 1913-

Mohawk River at Dunsbach Ferry, N. Y., 1898-1909.

Mnemile Creek at Stittville, N. Y., 1898-99.

Oriskany Creek at Coleman, N. Y., 1904-1906.

Oriskany Creek at Wood-road bridge, near Oriskany, N. Y., 1901-1904.

Oriskany Creek at State dam, near Oriskany, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Saquoit Creek at New York Mills, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Nail Creek at Utica, N. Y., 1904.

Reels Creek near Deerfield, N. Y., 1901-1904.

Reels Creek at Utica, N. Y., 1901-2.

Johnson Brook at Deerfield, N. Y., 1903-1905.

Starch Factory Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906. 

Graefenberg Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906. 

Sylvan Glen Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906.

West Canada Creek at Wilmurt, N. Y., 1912-13.

West Canada Creek at Twin Rock bridge, near Trenton Falls, N. Y. 1900-1909.

West Canada Creek at Poland, N. Y., 1913.

West Canada Creek at Middleville, N. Y., 1898-1901.

West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, N. Y., 1905-1909; 1912-13.

East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, N. Y., 1898-1909; 1912.

Caroga Creek 3 miles above junction with Mohawk River, N. Y., 1898-99. ,

Cayadutta Creek at Johnstown, N. Y., 1899-1900.

Schoharie Creek at Prattsville, N. Y., 1902-1913.

Scholarie Creek at Schoharie Falls, above Mill Point, N. Y., 1900-1901.

Schoharie Creek at Mill Point, N. Y., 1900-1903.

Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, N. Y., 1898-1901.

Schoharie Creek at Erie Canal aqueduct, below Fort Hunter, N. Y., 1900.

Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y., 1913-1916. 

Quacken Kill at Quacken Kill, N. Y., 1894. 

Normans Kill at Frenchs Mill, N. Y., 1891.

Kinderhook Creek at Wilsons dam, near Garfield, N. Y., 1892-1894. 

Kinderhook Creek at East Nassau, N. Y., 1892-1894. 

Kinderhook Creek at Rossman, N. Y., 1906-1909; 1911-1914. 

Catskill Creek at South Cairo, N. Y., 1901-1907. 

Esopus Creek at Olivebridge, N. Y., 1903-4. 

Esopus Creek near Olivebridge, N. Y., 1906-1913. 

Esopus Creek at Kingston, N. Y., 1901-1909. 

Esopus Creek at Mount Marion, N. Y., 1907-1913. 

Rondout Creek at Rosendale, N. Y., 1901-1903; 1906-1913.

Diversion to Delaware and Hudson Canal at Rosendale, N. Y., 1901-1903; 

1906.

WallkUl River at Newpaltz, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Wappinger Creek at Wappinger Falls, N. Y., 1903-1905. 

Fishkill Creek at Glenham, N. Y.,. 1901-1903. 

Foundry Brook at Cold Spring, N. Y., 1902-3. 

Croton River at Croton dam, near Croton Lake, N. Y., 1870-1899.
STKEAM-GAGING STATIONS. XIII

PASSAIC RIVER BASIN.

Passaic River at Millington, N. J., 1903-1906. 

Passaic River near Chatham, N. J., 1902-1911. 

Passaic River at Two Bridges (Mountain View), N. J., 1901-1903. 

Rockaway River at Boonton, N. J., 1903-4. 

Pompton River at Pompton Plains, N. J., 1903-4. 

Pompton River at Two Bridges (Mountain View), N. J., 1901-1903. 

Ramapo River near Mahwah, N. J., 1903-1906; 1908. 

Wanaque River at Wanaque, N. J., 1903-1905.

RARITAN RIVER BASIN.

Raritan River, South Branch (head of Raritan River), at Stanton, N. J., 1903-1906. 

Raritan River at Finderne, N. J., 1903-1907. 

Raritan River at Boundbrook, N. J., 1903-1909.

North Branch of Raritan River at Pluckemin, N. J., 1903-1906.

Millstone River at Millstone, N. J., 1903-4.

DELAWARE RIVER BASIN.

Delaware River, East Branch (head of Delaware River), at Fish's Eddy, N. Y., 1912- 

Delaware River, East Branch, at Hancock, N. Y., 1902-1912. 

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., 1904- 

Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J., 1906- 

Delaware River at Lambertville, N. J., 1897-1908.

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., 1913-

West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., 1912-

West Branch of Delaware River at Hancock, N. Y., 1902-1912.

Mongaup River near Rio, N. Y., 1909-1913.

Neversink River at Godeffroy, N. Y., 1903; 1909-10; 1911-1914.

Neversink River at Port Jervis, N. Y., 1902-3.

Paulins Kill at Columbia, N. J., 1908-9.

Lehigh River at South Bethlehem, Pa., 1902-1905; 1909-1913.

Lehigh River at Easton, Pa., 1909.

Musconetcong River at Asbury, N. J., 1903.

Musconetcong River near Bloomsbury, N. J., 1903-1907.

Tohickon Creek at Point Pleasant, Pa., 1883-1889; 1901-1913.

Neshaminy Creek below Forks, Pa., 1884-1913.

Schuylkill River near Philadelphia, Pa., 1898-1912. 

Perkiomen Creek near Frederick, Pa., 1884-1913. 

Wissahickon Creek near Philadelphia, Pa., 1897-1902; 1905-6.

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN.

Susquehanna River at Colliersville, N. Y., 1907-8. 

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., 1912- 

Susquehanna River at Binghamton, N. Y., 1901-1912. 

Susquehanna River at Wysox, Pa., 1908-9. 

Susquehanna River at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Susquehanna River at Danville, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Susquehanna River at Harris burg, Pa., 1891-1913. 

Susquehanna River at McCall Ferry, Pa., 1902-1909.

Chenango River at South Oxford, N. Y., 1903.

Chenango River near Greene, N. Y., 1908.

Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., 1912-
XIV STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

Susquehanna River tributaries Continued.

Chenango River at Binghamton, N. Y., 1901-1912.

Eaton Brook, Madison County, N. Y., 1835.

Madison Brook, Madison County, N. Y., 1835.

Tioughnioga River at Chenango Forks, N, Y., 1903. 

Cayuta Creek at Waverly, N. Y., 1898-1902. (Data in Water-Supply Paper 109

only.)

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., 1903- (Data for period prior to 1905 published in Water-Supply Paper 109.)

West Branch of Susquehanna River at Williamsport, Pa., 1895-1913. 

West Branch of Susquehanna River at Allenwood, Pa., 1899-1902. 

Juniata River at Newport, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Broad Creek at Mill Green, Md., 1905-1909. 

Octoraro Creek at Rowlandsville, Md., 1896-1899. 

Deer Creek near Churchville, Md., 1905-1909.

GUNPOWDER RIVER BASIN.

Gunpowder Falls at Glencoe, Md., 1905-1909.

Little Gunpowder Falls near Belair, Md., 1905-1909.

PATAPSCO RIVER BASIN.

Patapsco River at Woodstock, Md., 1896-1909.

PATTJXENT RIVER BASIN.

Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., 1911-12; 1913- 

Patuxent River at Laurel, Md^, 1896-1898.

POTOMAC RIVER BASIN.

Potomac River, North Branch (head of Potomac River), at Piedmont, W. Va., 1899-

1906.

Potomac River, North Branch, at Cumberland, Md., 1894-1897. 

Potomac River at Great Cacapon, W. Va., 1895. 

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md., 1895- 

Potomac River at Great Falls, Md., 1886-1891. 

Potomac River at Chain Bridge, near Washington, D. C., 1892-1895. 

Savage River at Bloomington, Md., 1905-6. 

Georges Creek at Westernport, Md., 1905^6. 

Wills Creek near Cumberland, Md., 1905-6.

South Branch of Potomac River near Springfield, W. Va., 1894-1896; -1899-1906. 

Opequan Creek near Martinsburg, W. Va., 1905-6. 

Tuscarora Creek at Martinsburg, W. Va., 1905. 

Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Md., 1897-1905. 

North River (head of South Fork of Shenandoah River, which is continuation of

main stream) at Port Republic, Va., 1895-1899. 

South Fork of Shenandoah River near Front Royal, Va., 1899-1906. 

Shenandoah River at Millville, W. Va., 1895-1909. 

Cooks Creek at Mount Crawford, Va., 1905-6. 

Middle River:

Lewis Creek near Staunton, Va., 1905-6. 

South River at Basic City, Va., 1905-6. 

South River at Port Republic, Va., 1895-1899. 

Elk Run at Elkton, Va., 1905-6. 

Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Va., 1905-6.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XV

Potomac River tributaries Continued.

Shenandoah River tributaries Continued.

North Fork of Shenandoah River near Riverton, Va., 1899-1906. 

Passage Creek at Buckton, Va., 1905-6. 

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., 1896- 

Goose Creek near Leesburg, Va., 1909-1912. 

Rock Creek at Zoological Park, D. C., 1897-1900. 

Rock Creek at Lyons Mill, D. C., 1892-1894. 

Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va., 1913-1916.

EAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN.

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va., 1907-
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF NORTH ATLANTIC COAST.1

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at price noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 99 

pp., 13 pis. 15c.

Describes the principal rivers of New York and their more important tributaries, and gives 

data on temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and stream flow.

*25. Water resources of the State of New York, Part II, by G.W. Rafter. 1899. 100 

pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Contains discussion of water storage projects on Genesee and Hudson rivers, power development at Niagara Falls, descriptions and early history of State canals, and a chapter on the use 

and value of the water power of the streams and canals; also brief discussion of the water yields 

of sand areas of Long Island.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 

pis. 15c.

Gives elevations and distances along rivers of the United States, also brief descriptions of many 

of the streams, including St. Croix, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, Saco, Merrimack, 

Connecticut, Housatonic, Hudson, Mohawk, Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, 

Juniata, Potomac, and James rivers.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (NebraskaWyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. Revised edition published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 149 (q. v.).

*69. Water powers of the State of Maine, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 124 pp., 14 pis. 

20c.

Discusses briefly the geology and forests of Maine and in somewhat greater detail the drainage 

areas, lake storage, and water powers of the St. Croix, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, 

 Presumpscot, Saco, and St. John rivers, and the minor coastal streams; mentions also developed 

tidal powers.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the water of Raritan, Passaic, and 

Hudson rivers and their tributaries and the damage resulting from pollution.

76. Observations on the flow of .rivers in the vicinity of New York City, by H. A. 

Pressey. 1903. 108 pp., 13 pis. 15c.

Describes methods of measuring stream flow in open channels and under ice, and the quality 

of the river water as determined by tests of turbidity, color, alkalinity, and permanent hardness. The streams considered are Catskill, Esopus, Rondout, and Fishkill creeks, and Wallkill, 

Tenmile, and Housatonic rivers.

» For stream-measurement reports see tables on pages iv-v and vi. 

. XVI
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XVH

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. O. Leighton. 

1903. 192pp. lOc.

Definesessential qualities of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and underground waters, the meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, and the principal sources of 

pollution; chiefly "a review of the more readily available records" of examination of water 

supplies derived from streams in the Merrimacfc, Connecticut, Housatonic, Delaware, and Ohio 

River basins; contains many analyses.

88. The Passaic flood of 1902, by G.B.Hollister and M.O. Leighton. 1903. 56pp., 

15 pis. 15c.

Describes the topography of the area drained by the Passaic and its principal tributaries; 

discusses flood flow and losses caused by the floods, and makes comparison with previous floods; 

suggests construction of dam at Mountain View to control flood flow. See also No. 92.

92. The Passaic flood of 1903, by M. 0. Leighton. 1904. 48 pp., 7 pis. 5c. 

Discusses flood damages and preventive measures. See No. 88.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on the wells and springs of the New England States and New York. 

The reports comprise tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, material penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom. 1904. 75 

pp., 4 pis. 5c.

Describes the physiography, stratigraphic geology, rainfall, streams, ponds, springs, deep and 

artesian wells, and public water supplies of the area mapped on the Germantown, Norristown, 

Philadelphia, and Chester atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey; compares quality 

of Delaware and Schuylkill Eiver waters.

108. Quality of water in the Susquehanna River drainage basin, by M. 0. Leighton, 

with an introductory chapter on physiographic features, by G. B. Hollister. 

1904. 76 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

109. Hydrography of the Susquehanna River drainage basin, by J. C. Hoyt and R. H. 

Anderson. 1905. 215 pp., 29 pis. 25c.

The scope of No. 108 is sufficiently indicated by its title. No. 109 describes the physical features 

of the area drained by the Susquehanna and its tributaries, contains the results of measurements 

of flow at the gaging stations, and discusses precipitation, floods, low water, and water power.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports on water resources, surface and underground, of districts in the North 

Atlantic slope drainage basins, as shown by the following list:

Drilled wells of the Triassic area of the Connecticut Valley, by W. H. C. Pynchon.

Triassic rocks of the Connecticut Valley as a source of water supply,-by M. L. Fuller. Scope 

indicated by title.

Waterresources of the Taconic quadrangle, New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont, by F. B. , Taylor. Discusses rainfall, drainage, water powers, lakes and ponds, underground waters, and 

mineral springs; also quality of spring water as indicated by chemical and sanitary analyses of 

Sand Spring, near WiUiamstown.

Waterresources of the Watkins Glen quadrangle, New York, by Ralph S. Tarr. Discusses 

the use of the surface and underground waters for municipal supplies and their quality as indicated by examination of Sixmile and Fall creeks, and sanitary analyses of well water at Ithaca.

Water resources of the central and southwestern highlands of New Jersey, by Laurence La 

Forge. Treats of population, industries, climate, and soils, lakes, ponds, swamps and rivers, 

mineral springs (with analyses), water power, and the Morris Canal; present and prospective 

sources and quality of municipal supplies.

Waterresources of the Chambersburg and Mercersburg quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by George 

W. Stose. Describes streams and springs.

Waterresources of the Curwensville, Patton, Ebensburg, and Barnesboro quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by F. G. Clapp. Treats briefly of surface and underground waters and their use for 

municipal supplies; gives analyses of waters at Cresson Springs.

Water resources of the Accident and Grantsville quadrangles, Maryland, by G. C. Martin.

Waterresources of the Frostburg and Flintstone quadrangels, Maryland andWest Virginia, by 

G. C. Martin.

99282° 18 WSP 431 13
XVIH STREAM-GAGHSTG STATIONS.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports on water supplies of the North Atlantic States as follows:

Maine, by W. S. Bayley.

New Hampshire, by M. L. Fuller.

Vermont, by G. H. Perkins.

Massachusetts and Rhode Island, by W. O. Crosby.

Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory.

New York, by F. B. Weeks.

New Jersey, by G. N. Knapp.

Pennsylvania, by M. L. Fuller.

Delaware, by N. H. Barton.

Maryland, by N. H. Darton and M. L. Fuller.

District of Columbia, by N. H. Darton and M. L. Fuller.

Virginia, by N. H. Darton and M. L. Fuller.

Each of these reports discusses the resources of the public and private water supplies and 

related subjects, and gives list of pertinent publications; mineral springs are listed and sales of 

mineral water are reported.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c. 

Contains chapter on measurement of rate of underflow on Long Island, N. Y.

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Discusses common salt in coast and inland waters, salt as an index to pollution of streams and 

wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normal 

chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New York.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains several brief reports relating chiefly to areas in the North Atlantic coast drainage 

basins, as follows:

Water resources of the Portsmouth-York region, New Hampshire and Maine, by George Otis 

Smith. Gives results of investigations made for the War Department to determine water supplies available for forts at mouth of harbor.

Water supply from glacial gravels near Augusta, Maine, by George Otis Smith. Describes 

the Silver Lake system of ponds near Augusta and the series of springs at the head of Spring 

Brook.

Water resources of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles, West Virginia, Maryland, and 

Pennsylvania, by George W. Stose and George C. Martin. Describes rocks, springs, and streams. 

in the area at the northernmost bend of the Potomac; discusses history of development, character 

of water (with analysis), flow, and origin of Berkeley Springs.

Water of a gravel-filled valley near Tully, N. Y., by George B. Hollister. Describes character 

of the sands and gravels, the volume of the springs issuing from them, deposits of tufa, the waters 

of the lakes, and the composition of the spring and lake waters; analyses.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 206 

pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Describes floods on Susquehanna and Mohawk rivers and near Johnstown, Pa.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes 

all wellslisted in Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

New York, by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, 

irrigation, dams, underground-water developments, and to indeterminate causes.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XIX

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods in North Atlantic slope drainage basins as follows: Flood on 

Poquonnock River, Connecticut, by T. W. Norcross; flood on the Unadilla and Chenango rivess, 

New York, by E. E. Horton and C. C. Covert; also estimates of flood discharge and frequency 

on Kennebec, Androscoggin, Merrimack, Connecticut, Hudson, Passaic, Baritan, Delaware, 

Susquehanna, and Potomac rivers; gives index to literature on floods on American streams.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, with a history of the sewagedisposal problem, by C.-E. A. Winslow and E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 

25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewage and sewage-disposal 

practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character of crude sewage at 

Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*192. The Potomac River basin (Geographic history; Rainfall and stream flow; Pollution, typhoid fever, and character of water; Relation of soils and forest 

cover to quality and quantity of surface water; Effect of industrial wastes 

on fishes), by H. N. Parker, Bailey Willis, R. H. Bolster, W. W. Ashe, and 

M. C. Marsh. 1907. 364 pp., 10 pis. 60c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*198. Water resources of the Kennebec River basin, Maine, by H. K. Barrows, with a 

section on the quality of Kennebec River water, by G. C. Whipple. 1907. 

235 pp., 7 pis. 30c.

Describes physical characteristics and geology of the basin, the flow of the streams, evaporation, floods, developed and undeveloped water powers, water storage, log driving, and lumbering; under quality of water discusses effect of tides, pollution, and the epidemic of typhoid 

fever in 1902-3; contains gazetteer of rivers, lakes, and ponds.

*223. Underground waters of southern Maine, by F. G. Clapp, with records of deepwells, by W. S. Bayley. 1909. 268 pp., 24 pis. 55c.

Describes physiography, rivers, water-bearing rocks, amount, source, and temperature of the 

ground waters, recovery of waters by springs, collecting galleries and tunnels, and wells; discusses well-drilling methods, municipal water supplies, and the chemical composition of the 

ground waters; gives details for each county.

232. Underground-water resources of Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory, with a study of 

the occurrence of water in crystalline rocks, by E. E. Ellis. 1909. 200 pp., 

5 pis. 20c.

Describes physiographic features, drainage, forests, climate, population and industries, and 

rocks; circulation, amount, temperature, and contamination of ground water; discusses the 

ground waters of the crystalline rocks, the Triassic sandstones and traps, and the glacial drift; the 

quaHtyofthegroundwaters(withanalyses); wellconstruction; temperature,volume,character, 

uses, and production of spring waters.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Androscoggin, 

Hudson, Raritan, Delaware, Susquehanna, Lehigh, Potomac, and Shenandoah rivers.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains four brief reports pertaining especially to districts in the North Atlantic coast drainOccurrence and composition of well waters in the slates of Maine, by F. G. Clapp. Analyses. 

Occurrence and composition of well waters in the granites of New England, by F. G. Clapp.

Discusses proportion of successful wells and water supply and depth. Analyses, 

Composition of mineral springs in Maine, by F. G. Clapp. 

Saline artesian waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, by Samuel Sanford, 

^nderfround waters near Manassas, Va., by F, G. Clapp.
XX STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

279. Water resources of the Penobscot Kiver basin, Maine, by H. K. Barrows and 

C. C. Babb. 1912. 285 pp., 19 pis. 65c.

Describes the typography, drainage, geology, forests, population, industries, transportation 

lines, and precipitation in the basin; gives results of investigations of stream flow at gaging 

stations; discusses relation of run-off to precipitation, evaporation, floods, low water, developed, 

and undeveloped water powers, storage, log driving, and lumbering; contains gazetteer of rivers 

lakes, and ponds.

374. Ground water in the Hartford, Stamford, Salisbury, Willimantic, and Saybrook 

areas, Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory and A. J. Ellis. 1916. 150 pp., 

13 pis. 30c.

Describes occurrence of ground water, methods of developing, and requirements for municipal 

use. Gives, by towns, a description of the surface and ground water and of the public water 

supply, and records of wells and springs.

397. Ground water in the Waterbury area, Connecticut, by A. J. Ellis, under direction 

of H. E. Gregory. 1916. 73 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Describes the geology of the area, the occurrence of ground water, its use for private and 

municipal supply, and methods of developing. Discusses under towns the population and industries, topography, water-bearing formations, surface and ground water, and public supplies, 

and gives records of wells and springs.

415. Surface waters of Massachusetts, by C. H. Pierce and H. J. Dean. 1916. 433 

pp., 12 pis. 45c.

A compilation of available stream-flow data, including the classic records collected on the 

Merrimack at Lowell and Lawrence, on the Connecticut at Holyoke, and on the Cochituate at 

Sudbury by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board, as well as records covering shorter 

periods; prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth ol Massachusetts. Contains a gazetteer of streams, lakes, and ponds.

424. Surface waters of Vermont, by C. H. Pierce. 1917. 218 pp., 14 pis.

A compilation of available stream-flow data; prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth 

of Vermont. Contains a gazetteer of streams, lakes, and ponds.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many ol the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINQTON, D. c.

*Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884-85, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxix, 570 pp., 65 pis. Cloth $2.00. Contains:

* Seacost swamps of the eastern United States, by N. S. Shaler. pp. 353-398. Describes the 

coast swamps of New England; discusses economic problems connected with marine swamps; 

gives a detailed account of selected areas of salt marsh lands, and a list of the principal areas of 

salt marshes between the Hudson River and Portland, Maine.

*Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-89, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1890. 2 parts. *Pt. I Geology, xv, 774 pp., 98 pis. Cloth $2.35. 

Contains:

* General account of the fresh-water morasses of the United States, with a description of the 

Dismal Swamp district of Virginia and North Carolina, by N. S. Shaler, pp. 255-339, Pis. 6 to 

19. Scope indicated by title.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1983. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. Cloth $2.10. Contains:

* The potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses 

cistern water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXI

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Professional papers are distributed iree by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an asterisk may, 

however, be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professional 

papers are of quarto size.

*44. Underground-water resources of Long Island, N. Y., by A. C. Veatch, C. S. 

Slichter, Isaiah Bowman, W. O. Crosby, and R. E. Horton. 1906. 394 pp., 

34 pis. $1.25.

Describes the geologic formations, the source of the ground waters, and requisite conditions 

for flowing wells; the springs, streams, ponds, and lakes; artesian and deep wells; fluctuation 

of ground-water table; blowing wells; waterworks; discusses measurements of velocity of underflow, the results of sizing and nitration tests, and the utilization of stream waters; gives well 

records and notes (with chemical analyses) concerning representative wells.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*138. Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Barton. 

1896. 232 pp., 19 pis.

Describes the general geologic structure of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region and summarizes 

the conditions affecting subterranean water in the Coastal Plain; discusses the general geologic 

relations in New York, southern New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and eastern Georgia; gives for each of the States a list of 

the deep wells and discusses well prospects. The notes on the wells that follow the tabulated 

lists contain many well sections and analyses of the waters.

*264. Record of deep well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners ol oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia, and detailed records of wells at Pleasantville and Atlantic 

Highlands, N. J., and Tully, N. Y. These wells were selected because they give definite 

stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 

New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia, and detailed 

records of wells in Newcastle County, Del.; Cumberland County, Maine; Anne Arundel, St. 

Mary, and Talbot counties, Md.; Hampshire County, Mass.; Monmouth County, N. J., 

Saratoga County, N. Y.; and Lycoming and Somerset counties, Pa. The wells of which detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians 

and parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit ox publication, and the 

maps and description of. each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages oi descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map. 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and 

valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The arealgeology map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structurali Index maps showing areas in the North Atlantic slope basins covered by topographic maps and by 

geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, IT. S. Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.
XXII STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

geology map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The 

economic-geology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. The artesian-water maps show the depth to underground-water 

horizons. Economic-geology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the 

conditions in the areas mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special 

interest to students of geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization of mineral resources.

Folios 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 22 inches), called 

the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher than 163 are published also in. an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in the Geological 

Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or less damaged 

by fire and water, but the folios that are usable are sold at the uniform price 

of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale orders. This rate applies to folios 

in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), also to the library edition of 

Folio 186. The library edition of Folios 185, 187, and higher numbers sells for 

25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually large amount 

of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of Folio 185 and higher numbers 

sells for 50 cents a copy, except Folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a copy. A discount 

of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic 

maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted.

*13. Fredericksburg, Virginia-Maryland. 1894. 5c. 

23. Nomini, Maryland-Virginia. 1896. 5c.

*70. Washington, District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia. 1901.

*83. New York City (Paterson, Harlem, Staten Island, and Brooklyn quadrangles), 

New York-New Jersey. 1902.

Discusses the present and future water supply of New York City.

136. St. Marys, Maryland-Virginia. 1906. 5c. 

Discusses artesian wells.

137. Dover, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey. 1906. 5c.

Describes the shallow and deep wells used as sources of water supply; gives section of well at 

Middletown, Del.

*149. Penobscot Bay, Maine. 1907. 5c.

Describes the wells and springs; gives analysis of spring water from North Bluehill.

152. Patuxent, Maryland-District of Columbia. 1907. 5c. 

Discusses the springs, shallow wells, and artesian wells.

*157. Passaic, New Jersey-New York. 1908.

Discusses the underground water of the quadrangle, including the cities of Newark, Hoboken, 

Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Passaic, Plainfleld, Rahway, and Perth Amboy, and a portion, 

of the city of New York; gives a list of the deep borings in the New Jersey portion of the quadrangle, and notes concerning wells on Staten Island, Long Island ,.Hoffman Island, and Governors Island.

158. Rockland, Maine. 1908. 5c.

Describes the water supply in Knox County, Maine, of which Rockland is the principal city; 

discusses the water obtained from wells drilled in limestone and granite, and the city water 

supply of Camden, Rockport, Rockland, and Thomaston.

160. Accident-Grantsville, Maryland-Pennsylvania-West Virginia. 1908. 5c,

Under "Mineral Resources" the folio describes Youghiogheny and Castleman rivers, Savage 

River, and Georges Creek, and the spring waters; notes possibility of obtaining artesian water.

*161. Franklin Furnace, New Jersey. 1908.

Describes the streams, water powers, and ground waters of a district in northwestern New 

Jersey, mainly in Sussex County but including also a small part of Morris County; gives tabulated list of water powers and of bored wells.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. xxin

*162. FhiladelpMa (Norristown, Germantown, Chester, and Philadelphia quadrangles), Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware. 1909.

Describes the underground waters of the Piedmont Plateau and the Coastal Plain and gives 

a tabulated list of wells; discusses the water supply of Philadelphia and Camden, also suburban towns; gives analysis of filtered water of Pickering Creek.

*167. Trenton, New Jersey-Pennsylvania. 1 1909. 5c.

Describes streams tributary to Raritan and Delaware rivers (including estimates of capacity 

with and without storage) and the springs and wells; discusses also the public water supply of 

Trenton and suburban towns.

169. WatkLns Glen-Catatonk, New York. 1909. 5c.

Describes the rivers, which include tributaties of the Susquehanna and the St. Lawrence, the 

lakes and swamps, and, under "Economic geology," springs and shallow and deep wells; dis. 

cusses also water supply at Ithaca.

170. Mercersburg-Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.2 1909. 5c.

Describes the underground waters, including limestone springs, sandstone springs, and 

wells, and mentions briefly the sources of the water supplies of the principal towns.

182. Choptank, Maryland. 1912.2 5c.

The Choptank quadrangle includes the entire width of Chesapeake Bay and portions of many 

large estuaries.

189. Barnesboro-Patton, Pennsylvania. 1913. 25c.

Discusses the water supply of various towns in the quadrangle.

191. Raritan, New Jersey. 3 1914.

Discusses briefly the surface and ground waters of the quadrangle, the quality, and the utilization of streams for power; gives analysis of water from Raritan River and from Schooley Mountain Spring near Hackettstown.

192. Eastport, Maine. 1914. 25c.

Includes brief account of the water supply of the quadrangle and of the utilization of streams 

for power.

204. Tolchester, Maryland. 1917. 25c. 

Discusses shallow and artesian wells.

MISCELLANEOUS EEPOETS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to tune published reports relating to the water resources 

of various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining 

to the North Atlantic States are the reports of the Maine State Water 

Storage Commission (Augusta), the New Hampshire Forestry Commission (Concord), the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board 

(Boston, Mass.), the New York Stati 

(Albany), the New York State Conservation Commission (Albany), 

the New York State engineer and surveyor (Albany), the various 

commissions on water supply of New York City, the Geological 

Survey of New Jersey (Trenton), State boards of health, and the 

Tenth Census (vol. 16).

The following reports deserve special mention:

Water power of Maine, by Walter Wells, Augusta, 1869. 

Hydrology of the State of New York, by G. W. Rafter: New York State Museum 

Bull. 85, 1905.

Hydrography of Virginia, by N. C. Grover and 1 

Bull. 3, 1906.

,. H. Bolster: Virginia Geol. Survey

1 Octavo edition only.

2 Issued in two editions library (18 by 22 inches) and octa 

a Issued in two editions library (18 by 22 inches), 25c., an< 

desired.

vo (6 by 9 inches). Specify edition desired, 

octavo (6 by 9 inches), 50c. Specify edition
XXTV STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

Underground-water resources of the Coastal Plain province of Virginia, by Samuel 

Sanford: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 5, 1913.

Surface water supply of Virginia, by G, C. Stevens: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 

10,1916.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

commissions, and most of them can be consulted in the public libraries 

of the larger cities.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports that are not readily classifiable 

by drainage basins and that cover a wide range of hydrologic investigations:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. lOc. (See WaterSupply Paper 22.)

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O.- Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, compares wheels of several types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives resume of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streamst experiments on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and 

describes American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications 

relating to sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill: Its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72pp., 14 pis!

*42. The windmill: Its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream"flow 

and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.
STREAM-GAGING STATION'S. XXV

*67. The motions of underground waters, by Ct S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and 

porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of underground water; surface and deep zones 

of flow, and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and 

position of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing wells; describes 

artesian wells at Savannah, Ga.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. 0. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. See also No. 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy.

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by its 

title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from 

notes furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiments relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes the 

manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region about 

Marion, lad., and the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence to underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential condition of artesian flows 

and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and 

J. C. Hoyt. 1905. 115 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Contains results of surveys made to determine location of undeveloped power sites.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.
XXVI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Rio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y.; gives results 

of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quiuton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc. 

Contains brief reports of general interest as foDows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan. 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller. 

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newall, chief engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conferer.ee those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrograpnic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M- O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by "W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. "W. Ro'ss.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during thefrozensenson, by F. H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 206 

pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and area of cross section.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c.

Scope indicated by title.
STREAM-GAGING STATION'S, XXVH

*151. Field assay of water, by M. 0. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness, in connection with studies of the quality of water in various parts of 

the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905, lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. G. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents 

on streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by E. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp., . 

2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery ,of copperas from 

acid-iron wastes, and other processes for disposal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

E. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis. 5c. -

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary district of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.
XXVin STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, by 

E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., Ipl. lOc

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 

91 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under 

the direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton: Undeveloped water powers, 

by M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. 

Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I. Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Rene" 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to 

the development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French parliament; reviews work 

of bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture, and gives resume1 of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c. 

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, 

relative cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells and cisterns.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of 

underground water and artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history 

of well drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods 

and the machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well 

waters and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of 

sinking wells.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. 

Clapp, with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B 

Dole. 1912. 228 pp., 9 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, 

the source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details by 

counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, or 

medicinal uses, methods of purification, and chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays. The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 264 (The 

underground waters of north-central Indiana).
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXIX

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Eio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation.

280. Gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey, 1888 

1910, and Survey publications relating to water resources, compiled by 

B. D. Wood. 1912. 102 pp. lOc.

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 

8 pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water and municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis. 

20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 pis. 

15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

. *(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. 5c. Scope indicated by title.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing recording and other gages and of constructing gage wells 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis. Contains:

(c) Relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(f) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining stream-flow records, by C. H 

Pierce, pp. 131-139.

400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. Contains:

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by Raymond C. Pierce, pp. 39-51.

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur 

J. Ellis. 1917. 39 pp. lOc.

A brief paper published'' merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod 

for locating underground water.
XXX STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate, population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on 

experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 

3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Gal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream's slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the debris."

A highly technical report.

105. Hydraulic mining debris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular study 

be made of portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys affected by detritus from torrential streams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of the subject, 

traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining of earlier decades, the similar 

effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the erosion of the soil, 

and the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now carrying heavy loads of 

debris.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as 

available

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the Importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

1908. 44 pp., 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water, and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reactingvalues, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica 

in river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. 

Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXXI 

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlain, pp. 125 to 

173, PL 21. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 363-561, Pis. 107 to 146. See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, C. E., pp. 191-349, Pis. Ill to 146. 

Discusses the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives 

brief history and legislation; describes canals; discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894). 2 parts. *Pt. II Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses 

cistern water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, Pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the brigin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II Papers chiefly of a theoretic nature, v. 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. ' Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, Pis.

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks; the

depth to which ground water penetrates: gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of

.^ i. ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experi-

-Iptt mental investigations on the flow of air and water through rigid porous media and through

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of

rivers, rate of nitration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, PL 

17. Scope indicated by title.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A= Annual Reports; M= Monograph; B= Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W= Water-Supply Paper; 

GP= Geologic folio. For titles see preceding pages.]

Artesian waters: Essential conditions................ A 5; B 319; P 44; W 67, 114

Bibliographies 1 ............................................... W119,120,163, 280

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretation.... W 151, 236, 259, 274, 364; B 479

Connecticut: Quality of waters; pollution.................... W 79,144, 232, 374, 397

Surface waters............................................... W 162

Underground waters...... W 57,102,110, 149, 232, 374, 397; B 264, 298

Conservation......................................................... W 234, 400a

Debris investigation..................................................... P 86,105

Delaware: Quality of waters........................................ W 258; B 138

Underground waters. ............. W 57,114,149; B 188, 298; GF137,162

District of Columbia: Quality of waters; pollution.............. W 192, 236; B 138

Surface waters................................... W 162,192

Underground waters.......... W 57,114,149; B 138; GF 70,15°

Divining rod............................................................ W 41

Engineering methods.......................... W I, 3,8, 20,41,42,43,56, 64, 94, 95,

110,143,150,180,187, 200, 257, 337, 345e, 371, 375c, e, /, 400e, 400d 

Floods.................................................... W88, 92, 147, 162, 334

India: Irrigation.................................................... A 12; ^T

Ice measurements..................................................... W 181;

Irrigation, general.......................... A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20, 22, 41, 42, Jfev

Legal aspects: Surface waters-................................ W103,152,194, 238

Underground waters........................................ W 122

Maine: Quality of waters; pollution......... W 144, 198, 223, 236, 258; GF 149, 158

Surface waters.................................... A 6; W 69, 162,198, 279

Underground waters............................................... W57,

102,114,145,149, 223, 258; B 264, 298; GF 149,158, )2 

Maryland: Quality of waters; pollution, etc.................... W 145, 192, 236, 58

Surface waters.............................................. W 162 ^92

Underground waters............................................ w J7,

114,145,149; B138, 298; GF13, 23, 70,136,137,152, 160, -"82 

Massachusetts: Quality of waters; pollution......................... W 79,144, 85

Surface waters............................................ W 15

Underground waters.................... W 102,110,114,149; B !98

Mineral springs: Analyses.......................................... A 14, ii; 1 32

Origin, distribution, etc................................. A3 , ii

Lists................................................ B32; V 114

Motions of ground waters..................... A 19, ii; B 319; W 67, 110, 140 155

New Hampshire: Quality of waters; pollution.............................. ^ 144

Underground waters.......... W 61, 102, 114, 145, 149; B 26- 298

i Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

* Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in ab

jcxxn
STEEAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXXIII

New Jersey: Quality of waters; pollution................................... W 79,

110, 236, 258; B 138; GF, 137,157,162,167 

Surface waters........................... W79, 88, 92,110,162;GF 191

Underground waters.......................................... W 61,

110,114,149; B 138,264, 298; GF 83,137,157,161,162,167r 191

New York: Quality of waters; pollution, etc.. W 72, 76, 79,110,144,145, 236; P 44; B138 

Surface waters....................... W 24, 25,44, 76,110,147,162; P 44

Underground waters............................................ W 57, 61,

110,114,140,145,149,155; GF 83,157,169; P 44; B 138, 264, 298 

Pennsylvania: Quality of waters; pollution................................. W 79,

106,108,110,145,236; GF 162,167,170,189 

Surface waters....... W 108,109,110,147,162; GF 160,162,167,189

Underground waters........................................ W 61,

106,110,114,145,149; GF 160, 162,167,170,189; B 264, 298 

Pollution: By industrial wastes........................ W 79,179,186,189, 226, 235

By sewage.............................................. W 72 79, 194

Laws forbidding........................................... W 103, 152

Indices of................................................. W 144, 160

Profiles of rivers....................................................... W 44, 115

Rhode Island: Quality of waters; pollution............................ W 144, 149

Underground waters. .................... W 61,102,114; B 264, 298

River profiles........................................................ W 44, 115

Sanitation: quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation................. W 3, 22,

72, 79,103,110,113,114,144,145,152,160,179,185,

186,189,192,194,198, 226, 229, 235, 236, 255,258, 315

^Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3, 22, 72,113,185,194, 229

^Underground waters: Legal aspects........................................ W 122

 '" Methods of utilization....................... W 114,255,257

Pollution. ...................... W110,144,145,160, 232, 258

-Vermont: Quality of waters; pollution-.................................... W 144

^ Surface waters. ................................................ W 424

^ Underground waters......................... W 102, 110, 114, 149; B 298

Virginia: Quality of waters; pollution, etc.................... W 192; 236, 258; B138

Surface waters........................................ A 10 i, W162,192

Underground waters... W 61,114,149, 258; B 138, 264, 298; GF 13, 23, 70,136 

West Virginia: Quality of waters; pollution........................ W 145,192, 236

Surface waters......................................... W 162,192

Underground waters....................... W 61,145,149; GF 160

t^ndmill papers................................................ W 1, 8,20,41,42

® ' 99282° 18 WSP 431 14

?}V

x

I

tsi

a

M

: T7
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Page.

River, Maine............ vn

Alplaus Kill, N. Y................ xn

;Ammonoosuc River, N. H........ x

Androscoggin River, Maine, N. H.. ix

Androscoggin River, Little, Maine. ix

Antietani Creek, Md.............. xiv

Aroostook River, Maine........... vn

Ashuelot River, N. H............. x

Auburn Lake, Maine.............. ix

Batten Kill, N. Y................. xi

Beaver Kill, N, Y................. xm

Blackstone River, R. I............ x

Borden Brook, Mass.............. xi

Branch Lake, Maine.............. vm

Branch Lake Stream, Maine...... vin

Branch River, R. I................ x

Broad Creek, Md................. xiv

Burntshirt River, Mass........... x

Byram River, Conn.............. xi

Byram River, East Branch, Conn. xi

Byram River,Middle Branch,Conn. xi

Byram River, West Branch, Conn. xi

Canada Creek, East, N. Y.......... xn

Canada Creek, West, N. Y........ xn

Caroga Creek, N. Y............... xn

Carrabassett River, Maine.......... vin

Catskill Creek, N. Y.............. xn

Cayadutta Creek, N. Y............ xn

Cayuta Creek, N. Y............... xiv

Cedar River, N. Y................ xi

Charles River, Mass.............. ix

Chemung River, N. Y............. xiv

Chenango River, N. Y........... xni-xiv

Cobbosseecontee Lake, Maine..... vin

Cobbosseecontee Stream, Maine... vin

Cochituate Lake, Mass............. ix

Cold Stream, Maine............... vin

Cold Stream Pond, Maine.......... vin

Concord River, Mass............... ix

Connecticut River, Mass., N. EL,

Conn........................... x

Contoocook River, N. H.......... ix

Cooks Creek, Va................... xiv

Croton River, N. Y............... xn

Pago.

Dead River, Maine............... vm

Deer Creek, Md................... xiv1

Deerfield River, Mass.............. x

Delaware River, N. J., N. Y...... xin

Delaware River, East Branch, N.Y. xm 

Delaware River, West Branch,

N.Y.......................... xm

Delaware & Hudson Canal, diversion to......................... xn

East Branch or Fork. See name of

main stream.

East Canada Creek, N. Y.......... xn

Eaton Brook, N. Y................ xiv

Elk Run, Va..................... xiv

Esopus Creek, N.Y............... xn

Farmington River, Mass........... xi

FishCreek, N.Y................. xi

FishHll Creek, N. Y.............. xii

Fish River, Maine................ vn

Foundry Brook, N.Y............. xn

Georges Creek, Md............... xiv

Goose Creek, Va................... xv

Graef enberg Creek, N. Y........... xn

Green Lake, Maine............... vnr

Green Lake Stream, Maine........ vm

Gunpowder Falls, Md............. xiv

Gunpowder Falls, Little, Md..... xiv

Hawksbill Creek, Va............. xiv

Hoosic River, N. Y................ xi

Housatonic River, Conn., Mass.... xi

Hudson River, N.Y............:.. xi

Indian Lake reservoir, N.Y....... xi

Indian River, N.Y............... xi

Israel River, N. H................ x

Johnson Brook, N.Y............. xii

Juniata River, Pa................ xiv

Kenduskeag Stream, Maine....... vm

Kennebec River, Maine.......... vm

Kinderhook Creek, N. Y.......... xn

Lehigh River, Pa................. xm

Lewis Creek, Va.................. xiv

Little Androscoggin River, Maine. ix

Little Gunpowder Falls, Md...... xiv

Little River, N. H............... x
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXXV

Mac-bias River, Maine............ vin

Madawaska River, Maine........ vn

Madison Brook, N. Y............. xiv

Magalloway River, Maine......... ix

Matfield River, Mass.............. ix

Mattawamkeag River, Maine...... vin

Merrimack River, Mass., N. H.... ix

Messalonskee Stream, Maine...... vin

Mianus River, Conn., N. Y....... xi

Middle Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

Middle River, Va................ xiv

Millers River, Mass.............. x

Millstone River, N. J............. xm

Mohawk River, N. Y ........... xi-xn

Monocacy River, Md.............. xv

Mongaup River, N. Y............ xm

Moose River, Maine............... vni

Moosehead Lake, Maine........... vin

Moss Brook, Mass.'................. x

Musconetcong River, N. J......... xm

Mystic Lake, Mass................. ix

Nail Creek, N. Y................... xn

Nashua River, Mass............. ix

Nashua River, South Branch,

Mass........................... ix

Neversink River, N. Y.......... xm

Neshaminy Creek, Pa........... xm

Ninemile Creek, N. Y............ xn

Normans Kill, N. Y.............. xn

North River, Va.................. xiv

Occoquan Creek, Va.............. xv

Octoraro Creek, Md................ xiv

Opequan Creek, W. Va............ xiv

Oriskany Creek, N. Y............ xn

Orland River, Maine............. vin

Ossipee River, Maine ............ ix

Otter River, Mass................. x

Passadumkeag River, Maine...... vni

Passage Creek, Va................ xv

Passaic River, N. J.............. xm

Passumpsic River, Vt............. x

Patapsco River, Md............... xiv

Patuxent River, Md............ v . xiv

Paulins Kill, N. J............... xra

Pawcatuck River, R. I............ x

Pawtuxet River, R. I............. x

Pemigewasset River. N. H........ ix

Pemigewasset River, Middle

Branch, N. H.................. ix

Penobscot River, Maine.......... vni

Penobscot River, East Branch,

Maine......................... vin

Page. 

Penobscot River, West Branch,

Maine ........................ vni

Perkiomen Creek, Pa............. xiri

Phillips Lake outlet, Maine ....*.. vni

Piscataquis River, Maine ........ vni

Pomperaug Rivey, Conn.......... xi

Pompton, River N. J.............. xm

Potomac River, D. C., Md.,W.Va. xiv 

Potomac River, North Branch,

Md., W. Va.................... xiv

Potomac River, South Branch, W.

Va............................. xiv

Presumpscot River, Maine....... ix

Priest Brook, Mass................. x

Providence River, R. I........... x

Quaboag River, Mass ............. x

Quacken Kill, N. Y.............. xn

Quinebaug River, Conn.......... x

Ramapo River, N. J............... xm

Rangeley Lake. Maine............ ix

Rappahannock River, Va......... xv

Raritan River, N. J.............. xm

Raritan River, North Branch,N.J. xm

Raritan River, South Branch, N. J. xni t

Reeds Brook, Maine... '. .......... vni

Reels Creek, N. Y................ xn

Roach River, Maine.............. vm

Rockaway River, N. J........... xm

RockCreek, D. C.................. xv

Rondout Creek, N. Y............. xn

Sacandaga River, N. Y........... xi

Sacandaga River, West Branch,

N. Y.......................... xi

Saco River, Maine, N. H.......... ix

St. Croix River, Maine............ vu

St. Croix River, West Branch,

Maine......................... vn

St. Francis River, Maine......... vn

St. George River, Maine.......... vni

St. John River, Maine........... vn

Salmon River, Conn............. xi

Sandy River, Maine.............. vm

Saquoit Creek, N. Y.............. xn

Satucket River, Mass............. ix

Savage River, Md................. xiv

Schoharie Creek, N. Y............ xn

Schroon Lake, N. Y............... xi

Schroon River, N. Y............. xi

Schuylkill River, Pa............ xm

Sebago Lake outlet, Maine........ ix

Sebasticook River, Maine......... vm

Seekonk River, R.I............. x

Shenandoah River, Va........... xiv
XXXVI STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS.

Shenandoah River, North Fork,

Va............................. xv

Shenandoah River. South Fork,

Va............................. xiv

Shetucket River, Conn............ x

South Branch. See name of main

stream. 

South River, Va.................. xiv

Sip Pond Brook, Mass........... x

Souhegan River, N. H............. ix

Starch Factory Creek, N. Y....... xn

Sudbury River, Mass............ ix

Suncook River, N. H............ ix

Susquehanna River, N. Y.. Pa. . . xm 

Susquehanna River, West Branch,

Pa............................ xiv

Swift River, Mass..... 1........... x

Sylvan Glen Creek, N. Y......... xn

Tenmile River, N. Y............ xi

Tenmile River, R. I.............. x

Thames River, Conn.............. x

Tioughnioga River, N. Y......... xiv

Tohickon.Creek, Pa. ............ xm

Tully River, East Branch, Mass... x

Tuscarora Creek, W. Va..........

Union River, Maine.............

Union River, East Branch, Maine, 

Union River, West Branch, Maine. 

Wallkill River, N. Y. ...........

Wanaque River, N. J............

Wappinger Creek, N. Y...........

Ware River, Mass................

Webb Brook, Maine..............

West Canada Creek, N. Y........

Westfield Little River, Mass.......

Westfield River, Mass.............

Westfield River, Middle Branch,

Mass .........................

Westfield River, West Branch, Mass. 

White River, Vt..................

Wills Creek, Md..................

Winnipesaukee Lake, N. H.......

Wissahickon Creek, Pa............

Wood River, R. I.....!.........

Woonasquatucket River, R. I. . . .

Zealand River, N. H. ...........

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

o