Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 168 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 44 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHAKLES D. WALCOTT, DIKECTOK

REPORT

PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS

FOR

THE CALENDAR YEAR 1905

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL

PART IY. Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers and Eastern Gulf of Mexico Drainages

BY

M. R. HALL and JOHN C. HOYT

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1906
Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 168 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 44 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

REPORT

PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS

THE CALENDAR YEAR 1905

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL

PART IV. Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers and Eastern Gulf of Mexico Drainages

M. R. HALL and JOHN C. HOYT

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1906
CONTENTS.

Introduction.............................................................. 7

Organization and scope of work.......................................... 7

Definitions............................................................ 9

Explanation of tables................................................... 10

Fundamental rules for computation...................................... 10

Special rules for computation ........................................... 11

Convenient equivalents................................................. 11

Field methods of measuring stream flow.................................. 12

Office methods of computing run-off...................................... 16

Cooperation and acknowledgments....................................... 18

Santee River drainage basin................................................. 18

Description of basin.................................................... 18

Catawba River near Catawba, S. C....................................... 20

Catawba River near Morganton, N. C..................................... 21

John River near Morganton, N. C........................................ 24

Wateree River near Camden, S. C........................................ 25

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. C............................. 28

Green River near Flat Rock, N. C ....................................... 30

Saluda River near Waterloo, S. C........................................ 30

Saluda River near Ninety Six, S. C....................................... 33

Miscellaneous measurements............................................. 34

Savannah River drainage basin.............................................. 35

Description of basin.................................................... 35

Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Ga...................................... 35

Tugaloo River near Madison, S. C........................................ 38

Savannah River at Woodlawn, S. C...................................... 40

Savannah River at Augusta, Ga......................................... 41

Chauga River near Madison, S. C........................................ 44

Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C.................................. 45

Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga................................ 48

Miscellaneous measurements............................................. 50

Ogeechee River drainage basin............................................... 51

Description of basin.................................................... 51

Cannoochee River near Groveland, Ga.................................... 51

Miscellaneous measurement...........................................:.. 54

Altamaha River drainage basin.............................................. 55

Description of basin.................................................... 55

South River near Snapping Shoals, Ga.................................... 55

Ocmulgee River near Flovilla, Ga........................................ 56

Ocmulgee River at Macon, Ga........................................... 58

Alcovy River near Stewart, Ga.......................................... 61

Yellow River near Stone Mountain, Ga................................... 63

Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga...................................... 63

Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga....................................... 66

Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville, Ga...................... 68

O'conee River at Milledgeville, Ga........................................ 69

Oconee River at Dublin, Ga............................................. 71

Ohoopee River near Reidsville, Ga....................................... 75

Miscellaneous measurements............................................. 78

Apalachicola River drainage basin............................................ 79

Description of basin.................................................... 79

Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga................................... 80

3
4 CONTENTS.

Apalachicola River drainage basin Continued. Page.

Chattahoochee River near Vinings, Ga.................................... 82

Chattahoochee River (lower gage) near Oakdale, Ga........................ 83

Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga................................... 84

Soque River near Demorest, Ga.......................................... 86

Sweetwater Creek near Austell, Ga....................................... 88

Mulberry Creek near Columbus, Ga....................................... 90

Flint River near Woodbury, Ga.......................................... 90

Flint River near Montezuma, Ga......................................... 92

Flint River at Albany, Ga............................................... 94

Big Potato Creek near Thomaston, Ga.................................... 97

Muckalee Creek near Leesburg, Ga....................................... 97

Kinchafoonee Creek near Leesburg, Ga................................... 98

Ichawaynochaway Creek at Milford, Ga................................... 98

Miscellaneous measurements............................................. 99

Choctawhatchee River drainage basin......................................... 102

Description of basin.................................................... 102

Choctawhatchee River near Geneva, Ala.................................. 102

Double Bridges Creek at Geneva, Ala..................................... 103

Pea River at Pera, Ala................................................. 103

Miscellaneous measurements............................................. 106

Escambia River drainage basin.............................................. 106

Description of basin.................................................... 106

Conecuh River at Beck, Ala............................................. 106

Mobile River drainage basin................................................. 109

Description of basin.................................................... 109

Alabama River at Selma, Ala............................................ 109

Etowah River near Ballground, Ga....................................... 113

Etowah River at Canton, Ga............................................ 113

Etowah River near Rome, Ga........................................... 115

Amicalola River near Ballground, Ga..................................... 118

Long Swamp Creek near Ballground, Ga.................................. 118

Coosa River at Riverside, Ala........................................... 119

Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga......................................... 121

Coosawattee River at Carters, Ga........................................ 124

Cartecay River near Cartecay, Ga........................................ 126

Ellijay River at Ellijay, Ga............................................. 127

Mountaintown Creek near Ellijay, Ga..................................... 128

Talking Rock Creek near Carters, Ga.......... '. .......................... 129

Big Cedar Creek near Cavespring, Ga..................................... 129

Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala...................................... 130

Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala...................................... 132

Cahaba River at Centerville, Ala......................................... 134

Tombigbee River at Columbus, Miss...................................... 137

Tombigbee River at Epes, Ala........................................... 139

. Black Warrior River near Cordova, Ala................................... 142

Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Ala................................... 145

Clear Creek near Elk, Ala............................................... 146

Locust Fork of Black Warrior River at Palos, Ala.......................... 148

Miscellaneous measurements............................................. 150

Pearl River drainage basin.................................................. 151

Description of basin.................................................... 151

Pearl River at Jackson, Miss.......'............................-...---.. 152

Index.................................................................... 155
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. Map of the United States, showing location of principal river stations

maintained during 1905.......................................... 8

FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of river, car, gage, etc.................. 13

2. Rating, area, and mean-velocity curves for South Fork of Skykomish

River near Index, Wash......................................... 17

5
PROGRESS REPORT OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS 

FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1905.

PART IT.

By M. R. HALL and JOHN C. HOYT.

INTRODUCTION. 

ORGANIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

The hydrographic work of the United States Geological Survey includes the collection 

of facts concerning and the study of conditions affecting the behavior of water from the 

time it reaches the earth as rain or snow until it joins the oceans or great navigable rivers. 

These investigations became a distinct feature of the work of the Survey in the fall of 

1888, when an instruction camp was established at Embudo, N. Mex. The first specific 

appropriation for gaging streams was made by the act of August 18, 1894, which contained 

an item of $12,500 " for gauging the streams and determining the water supply of the United 

States, including the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells in the arid 

and semiarid sections." (Stat. L., vol. 28, p. 398.)

Since that time the appropriations have been gradually increased, as shown by the 

following table:

Annual appropriation for hydrographic surveys for fiscal years ending June 30,1895 to 1906.

1895........................... $12,500

1896........................... 20,000

1897........................... 50,000

1898........................... 50,000

1899........................... 50,000

1900........................... 50,000

1901.......................... $100,000

1902.......................... 100,000

1903..........:.............. 200,000

1904.......................... 200,000

1905.......................... 200,000

1906........................... 200,000

As a result of the increased appropriations the work has been greatly extended, and at 

the same time it has been more thoroughly systemized by the adoption of standard methods 

and by grouping the States into districts, in each of which a district hydrographer and a 

corps of assistants carry on a comprehensive study of the hydrographic resources.

The chief features of the hydrographic work are the collection of data relating to the 

flow of the surface waters and the study of the conditions affecting this flow. There is 

also collected information concerning river profiles, duration and magnitude of floods, 

water power, etc., which may be of use in hydrographic studies. This work includes the 

study of the hydrography of every important river basin in the United States and is of 

direct value in the commercial and agricultural development of the country.

In order to collect the material from which estimates of daily flow are made, gaging 

stations are established. The selection of a site for a gaging station and the length of 

time it is maintained depend largely upon the physical features and the needs of each 

locality. If the water is to be used for power, special effort is made to obtain informa-
8 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

\

tion concerning the minimum flow; if water is to be stored, the maximum flow receives 

special attention. In all sections of the country permanent stations are maintained for 

general statistical purposes, to show the conditions existing through long periods. They 

are also used as primary stations, and, in connection with short series of measurements, 

serve as a basis for estimating the flow at other points in the drainage basin.

During the calendar year 1905 the division of hydrography has continued measuring 

the flow of streams on the same general lines as in previous years. Many new and improved 

methods have been introduced, by which the accuracy and value of the results have been 

increased. Approximately 800 regular gaging stations were maintained during the year, 

and an exceptionally large number of miscellaneous measurements and special investigations 

were made. "The report of Progress of Stream Measurements," which contains the results 

of this work, is published in a series of fourteen Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, Nos. 

165 to 178, as follows:

No. 165. Atlantic coast of New England drainage. 

No. 166. Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware River drainages.

No. 167. Susquehanna, Gunpowder, Patapsco, Potomac, James, Roanoke, and Yadkin River 

drainages.

No. 168. Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers and Eastern Gulf of Mexico drainages. 

No. 169. Ohio and lower eastern Mississippi river drainages. 

No. 170. Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River drainages.

No. 171. Hudson Bay, and upper eastern and western Mississippi River drainages. 

No. 172. Missouri River drainage.

No. 173. Meramec, Arkansas, Red, and lower western Mississippi river drainages. 

No. 174. Western Gulf of Mexico and Rio Grande drainages. 

No. 175. Colorado River drainage. 

No. 176. The Great Basin drainage.

No. 177. The Great Basin and Pacific Ocean drainages in California. 

No. 178. Columbia River and Puget Sound drainages.

These papers embody the data collected at the regular gaging stations, the results of the 

computations based upon the observations, and such other information as may have a direct 

beai'ing on the subject of study, and include, as far as practicable, descriptions of the basins 

and the streams draining them.

For the purpose of introducing uniformity into the reports for the various years the 

drainages of the United States have been divided into eleven grand divisions, which have 

been again divided into secondary divisions, as shown in the following list. The Progress 

Report has been made to conform to this arrangement, each part containing the data for 

one or more of the secondary divisions. The secondary divisions have in most cases been 

redivided, and the facts have been arranged, as far as practicable, geographically.

List of drainage basins in the United States.

NOBTHEBN ATLANTIC DBAINAGE BASINS.

St. John. - Thames.

St. Croix. Housatonic. 

Penobscot. - Hudson.

Kennebec. Passaic. 

Androscoggin. Raritan.

Presumpscot. Delaware.

Saco. Susquehanna.

Merrimac. Potomac.

Connecticut. Minor Chesapeake Bay.

Blaekstone. Minor Northern Atlantic.

SOUTHEBN ATLANTIC DBAINAGE BASINS.

James. Great Pedee (Yadkin).

Chowan. Santee.

Roanoke. Savannah.

Tar. Ogeechee.

Neuse. Altamaha.

Cape Fear. Minor Southern Atlantic.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 168 PL. I

121 119° 117° 115° 113° 111° 109° 107° 105° 103° 101° 99° 97° 95° 93 91 89 87° 85 81 79 77 75 73° 71° 69° 67

119"______117°______115 113° 111° 109° 107° 105° 103° 101° 99C 97° 95° 93 81" 79" 77

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, SHOWING LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL RIVER STATIONS MAINTAINED DURING 1905.
Suwanee. 

Apalachieola.

ORGANIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO DRAINAGE BASINS.

Pearl.

Minor Eastern Gulf of Mexico.

Mobile.

EASTERN MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASINS.

Lower eastern Mississippi. Upper eastern Mississippi.

Ohio.

ST. LAWRENCE DRAINAGE BASINS.

Lake Superior. 

Lake Michigan. 

Lake Huron. 

Lake St. Clair.

Niagara River.

Lake Ontario.

Lake Champlain (Richelieu River).

Minor St. Lawrence.

Lake Erie.

WESTERN MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASINS.

Upper western Mississippi.

Missouri.

Meramec.

Sabine. 

Neches. 

Trinity. 

Brazos. 

Colorado (of Texas).

Wasatch Mountain. 

Humboldt.

Lower western Mississippi.

Arkansas.

Red.

WESTERN GULF OF MEXICO DRAINAGE BASINS.

Guadelupe.

San Antonio.

Nueces.

Rio Grande.

Minor Western Gulf of Mexico.

COLORADO RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

THE GREAT BASIN.

Sierra Nevada.

Minor streams in Great Basin.

PACIFIC COAST DRAINAGE BASINS.

Southern Pacific. I Columbia.

San Francisco Bay. Puget Sound.

Northern Pacific.

DEFINITIONS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream, the "run-off" or "discharge," is expressed in 

various terms, each of which has become* associated with a certain class of work. These 

terms may be divided into two groups: (1) Those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inch, and run-off in second-feet per square mile; and (2) 

those which represent the actual quantity of water, as run-off in depth in inches and acrefoot. They may be denned as follows:

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second, and is the quantity of water 

flowing in a stream one foot wide, one foot deep, at a rate of one foot per second. It is 

generally used as a fundamental unit from which others are computed.

"Gallons per minute" is generally used in connection with pumping and city water 

supply.

The "miner's inch" is the quantity of water that passes through an orifice one inch 

square under a head which varies locally. It has been commonly used by miners and 

irrigators throughout the West, and is defined by statute in each State in which it is used. 

In most States the California miner's inch is used, which is the fiftieth part of a second-foot.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic.feet of water flowing per 

second from each square mile of area drained, on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly, both as regards time and area.

"Run-off in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area would be covered if all the 

water flowing from it in a given period were conserved and uniformly distributed on the 

surface. It is used for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth 

in inches.
10 STEEAM MEASUEEMENTS IN L905, PART IV.

"Acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, and is the quantity required to cover an 

acre to the depth of one foot. It is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation work. There is a convenient relation between the second-foot and the acre-foot. 

One second-foot flowing for twenty-four hours will deliver 86,400 cubic feet or approximately two acre-feet.

EXPLANATION OF TABLES.

For each regular gaging station are given, as far as available, the following data:

1. Description of station.

2. List of discharge measurements.

3. Gage-height table.

4. Rating table.

5. Table of estimated monthly and yearly discharges and run-off, based upon all the 

facts obtained to date.

The descriptions of stations give such general information about the locality and equipment as would enable the reader to find and use the station, and they also give, as far as 

possible, a complete history of all the changes that have occurred since the establishment 

of the station that would be factors in using the data collected.

The discharge-measurement table gives the results of the discharge measurements made 

during the year, including the date, the name of the hydrographer, the area of cross section, the mean velocity, the gage height, and the discharge in second-feet.

The table of daily gage heights gives the daily fluctuations of the surface of the river 

as found from the mean of the gage readings taken each day. The gage height given in 

the table represents the elevation of the surface of the water above the zero of the gage. 

At most stations the gage is read in the morning and in the evening.

The rating table gives discharges in second-feet corresponding to each stage of the river 

as given by the gage heights.

In the table of estimated monthly discharge, the column headed "Maximum" gives 

the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was highest, and it is the flow as 

given in the rating table for that mean gage height. As the gage height is the mean for 

the day, there might have been short periods when the water was higher and the corresponding discharge larger than given in this column. Likewise in the column of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the average flow for each second during the month. 

Upon this the computations for the two remaining columns, which are defined on page 9, 

are based.

In the computations for the tables of this report the following general and special rules 

have been used:

FUNDAMENTAL RULES FOR COMPUTATION.

1. The highest degree of precision consistent with the rational use of time and money 

is imperative.

2. All items of computation should be expressed by at least two and not more than four 

significant figures.

3. Any measurement in a vertical velocity, mean velocity, or discharge curve whose 

per cent of error is 5 times the average per cent of error of all the other measurements 

should be rejected.

4. In reducing the number of significant figures, or the number of decimal places, by 

dropping the last figure, the following rules apply:

(a) When the figure in the place to be rejected is less than 5, drop it out without changing 

the preceding figure. Example: 1,827.4 becomes 1,827.

(b) When the figure in the place to be rejected is greater than 5, drop it and increase the 

preceding figure by 1. Example: 1,827.6 becomes 1,828.
CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 11

(c) When the figure in the place to be rejected is 5, and it is preceded by an even figure, 

drop the 5. Example: 1,828.5 becomes 1,828.

(d) When the figure in the place to be rejected is 5, and it is preceded by an odd figure, 

drop the 5 and increase the preceding figure by 1. Example: 1,827.5 becomes 1,828.

SPECIAL TITTLES FOR COMPUTATION.

1. Rating tables are to be constructed as close as the data upon which they are based 

will warrant. No decimals are to be used when the discharge is over 50 second-feet.

2. Daily discharges shall be applied directly to the gage heights as they are tabulated.

3. Monthly means are to be carried out to one decimal place when the quantities are 

below 100 second-feet. Between 100 and 10,000 second-feet the last figure in the monthly 

mean shall be a significant figure. This also applies to the yearly mean.

4. Second-feet per square mile and depth in inches for the individual months shall be 

carried out to at least three significant figures, except in the case of decimals where the first 

significant figure is preceded by one or more naughts (0), when the quantity shall be carried 

out to two significant figures. Example: 1.25; 0.125; 0.012; 0.0012. The yearly means 

for these quantities are always to be expressed in three significant figures and at least two 

decimal places.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

1 second-foot equals 50 California miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per minute; equals 

646,272 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot equals 6.23 British imperial gallons per second. 

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet deep, 13.572 inches deep. 

1 second-foot for one year equals 0.000214 cubic mile; equals 31,536,000 cubic feet. 

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour. 

1 second-foot falling 10 feet equals 1.136 horsepower. 

100 California miner's inches equals 15 United States gallons per second. 

100 California miner's inches equals 77 Colorado miner's inches. 

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4 acre-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 130 California miner's inches. 

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.2 acre-feet. 

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot. 

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.44 acre-feet. 

1 million United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet. 

1 million United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 

1 million cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 

1 inch equals 2.54 centimeters. 

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 

1 yard equals 0.9144 meter. 

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 1,760 yards; equals 5,280 feet; equals 63,360 inches. 

1 square yard equals 0.836 square meter. 

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet; equals 4,840 square yards. 

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 

1 square mile equals 259 hectares. 

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter. 

1 cubic foot equals 7.48 gallons; equals 0.804 bushel. 

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 

1 cubic yard equals 0.7646 cubic meter. 

1 cubic mile equals 147,198,000,000 cubic feet. 

1 cubic mile equals 4,667 second-feet for one year.
12 STEEAM MEASUBEMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

1 gallon equals 3.7854 liters. 

1 gallon equals 8.36 pounds of water. 

1 gallon equals 231 cubic inches (liquid measure). 

1 pound equals 0.4536 kilogram. 

1 avoirdupois pound equals 7,000 grains. 

1 troy pound equals 5,760 grams. 

1 meter equals 39.37 inches. Log. 1.5951654. 

1 meter equals 3.280833 feet. Log. 0.5159842. 

1 meter equals 1.093611 yards. Log. 0.0388629. 

1 kilometer equals 3,281 feet; equals five-eighths mile, nearly. 

1 square meter equals 10,764 square feet; equals 1,196 square yards, 

1 hectare equals 2.471 acres

1 cubic meter equals 35.314 cubic feet; equals 1.308 cubic yards. 

1 liter equals 1.0567 quarts. 

1 gram equals 15.43 grains. 

1 kilogram equals 2.2046 pounds 

1 tonneau equals 2,204.6 pounds. 

1 foot per second equals 1.097 kilometers per hour. 

1 foot per second equals 0.68 mile per hour. 

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 atmosphere equals 15 pounds per square inch; 1 ton per square foot; 1 kilogram per square 

centimeter.

Acceleration of gravity equals 32.16 feet per second every second. - 

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second. 

1 horsepower equals 76 kilogram-meters per second. 

1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.8 feet. 

lj horsepower equal about 1 kilowatt.

To calculate water power quickly: ! '~~ii =Net horsepower on water wheel, realizing 80

per cent of the theoretical power.

Quick formula for computing discharge over weirs: Cubicfeetper minute equals 0.4025 \Vhs; l=length 

of weir in inches; h=head in inches flowing over weir, measured from surface of still water.

To change miles to inches on map :

Scale 1:125000, 1 mile=0.50688 inch.

Scale 1:90000, 1 mile=0.70400 inch.

Scale 1:62500, 1 mile= 1.01376 inches.

Scale 1:45000, 1 mile= 1.40800 inches.

FIELD METHODS OP MEASURING STREAM PLOW.

The methods used in collecting these data and in preparing them for publication are 

given in detail in Water-Supply Papers No. 94 (Hydrographic Manual, U. S. Geological 

Survey) and No.-95 (Accuracy of Stream Measurements). In order that persons using this 

report may readily become acquainted with the general methods employed, the following 

brief descriptions are given:

Streams may be divided, with respect to their physical conditions, into three classes:

(1) Those with permanent beds; (2) those with beds which change only during extreme low 

or high water; (3) those with constantly shifting beds. In estimating the daily flow, 

special methods are necessary for each class. The data upon which these estimates are 

based and the methods of collecting them are, however, in general the same.

There are three distinct methods of determining the flow of open-channel streams: (1) 

By measurements of slope and cross section and the use of Chezy's and Kutter's formulas;

(2) by means of a weir; (3) by measurements of the velocity of the current and the area of 

the cross section. The method chosen for any case depends upon the local physical conditions, the degree of accuracy desired, the funds available, and the length of time that the 

record is to be continued.

Slope method. Much information has been collected relative to the coefficients to be used 

in the Chezy formula, v=cv Bs. This has been utilized by Kutter, both in developing his 

formula for c and in determining the values of the coefficient n, which appears therein. 

The results obtained by the slope method are, in general, only roughly approximate, owing 

to the difficulty in obtaining accurate data and the uncertainty of the value for n to be
FIELD METHODS OF MEASURING FLOW. 13

used in Kutter's formula. The most common use of this method is in estimating the flood 

discharge of a stream when the only data available are the cross section, the slope as shown 

by marks along the bank, and a knowledge of the general conditions.

Weir method. When funds are available and the conditions are such that sharp-crested 

weirs can be erected, these offer the best facilities for'determining the flow. If dams are 

suitably situated and constructed, they may be utilized for obtaining reliable estimates of 

flow. The conditions necessary to insure good results may be divided into two classes: (1) 

Those relating to the physical characteristics of the dam itself, and (2) those relating to the 

diversion and use of water around and through the dam.

The physical requirements are as follows: (a) Sufficient height of dam, so that backwater 

will not interfere with free fall over it; (b) absence of leaks of appreciable magnitude; (c) 

topography or abutments which confine the flow over the dam at high stages; (d) level 

crests, which are kept free from obstructions caused by floating logs or ice; (e) crests of a 

typs for which the coefficients to be used in Q=c b Ti^ or some similar standard weir formula, 

are known (see Water-Supply Paper No. 150); (f) either no flash boards or exceptional 

care in reducing leakage through them and in recording their condition.

Preferably there should be no diversion of water through or around the dam. Generally, 

however, the dam is built for purposes of power or navigation, and part or all of the water 

flowing past it is diverted for such uses. This water is measured and added to that passing 

over the dam. To insure accuracy in such estimates the amount of water diverted should 

be reasonably constant. Furthermore, it should be so diverted that it'can be measured,

FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of river, car, gage, etc.

either by a weir, a current meter, or a simple system of water wheels which are of standard 

make, or which have been rated as meters under working conditions, and so installed that 

the gate openings, the heads under which they work, and their angular velocities may be 

accurately observed.

The combination of physical conditions and uses of the water should be such that the 

estimates of flow will not involve, for a critical stage of considerable duration, the use of a 

head, on a broad-crested dam, of less than 6 inches. Moreover, when all other conditions 

are good, the cooperation of the owners or operators of the plant is still essential if reliable 

results are to be obtained.

A gaging station at a weir or dam has the general advantage of continuity of record 

through the period of ice and floods, and the disadvantages of uncertainty of coefficient to 

be used in the weir formula and of complications in the diversion and use of the water.

Velocity me'Jiod. The determination of the quantity of water flowing past a certain 

section of a stream at a given time is termed a discharge measurement. This quantity is 

the product of two factors the mean velocity and the area of the cross section. The 

mean velocity is a function of surface slope, wetted perimeter, roughness of bed, and the 

channel conditions at, above, and below the gaging section. The area depends upon the 

contour of the bed and the fluctuations of the surface. The two principal ways of measuring 

the velocity of a stream are by floats and current meters.
14 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Great care is taken in the selection and equipment of gaging stations for determining 

discharge by velocity measurements in order that the data may have the required degree of 

accuracy. Their essential requirements are practically the same whether the velocity is 

determined by meters or floats. They are located as far as possible where the channel is 

straight both above and below the gaging section; where there are no cross currents, backwater or boils; where the bed of the stream is reasonably free from large projections of a 

permanent character; and where the banks are high and subject to overflow only at flood 

stages. The station must be so far removed from the effects of tributary streams and dams 

or other artificial obstructions that the gage height shall be an index of the discharge.

There are generally pertinent to a gaging station certain permanent or semipermanent 

structures which are usually referred to as equipment. These are a gage for determining 

the fluctuations of the water surface, bench marks to which the datum of the gage is referred, 

permanent marks on a bridge or a tagged line indicating the points of measurement, and 

where the current is swift, some appliance (generally a secondary cable) to hold the meter in 

position in the water. As a rule, the stations are located at bridges if the channel conditions 

are satisfactory, as from them the observations can more readily be made and the cost of 

the equipment is small.

The floats in common use are the surface, subsurface, and tube or rod floats. A corked 

bottle with a flag in the top and weighted at the bottom makes one of the most satisfactory 

surface floats, as it is affected but little by wind. In case of flood measurements, good 

results can be obtained by observing the velocity of floating cakes of ice or debris. In case 

of all surface float measurements coefficients must be used to reduce the observed velocity 

to the mean velocity. The subsurface and tube or rod floats are intended to give directly 

the mean velocity in the vertical. Tubes give excellent results when the channel conditions 

are good, as in canals.

In measuring velocity by a float, observation is made of the time taken by the float to 

pass over the '"run," a selected stretch of river from 50 to 200 feet long. In each discharge 

measurement a large number of velocity determinations are made at different points across 

the stream, and from these observations the mean velocity for the whole section is determined. This may be done by plotting the mean positions of the floats as indicated by the 

distances from the bank as ordinates and the corresponding times as abscissas. A curve 

through these points shows the mean time of run at any point across the stream, and the 

mean time for the whole stream is obtained by dividing the area bounded by this curve and 

its axis by the width. The length of the run divided by the mean time gives the mean 

velocity.

The area used in float measurements is the mean of the areas at the two ends of the run 

and at several intermediate sections.

The essential parts of the current meters in use are a wheel of some type, so constructed 

that the impact of flowing water causes it to revolve, and a device for recording or indicating 

the number of revolutions. The relation between the velocity of the moving water and the 

revolutions of the wheel is determined for each meter. This rating is done by drawing the 

meter through still water for a given distance at different speeds, and noting the number of 

revolutions for each run. From these data a rating table is prepared which gives the velocity 

per second for any number ofrevolutions.

Many kinds of current meters have been constructed. They may, however, be classed in 

two general tpyes: Those in which the wheel is made up of a series of cups, as the Price, and 

those having a screw propeller wheel, as the Haskell. Each meter has been developed for 

use under some special condition. In the case of the small Price meter, which has been 

largely developed and has been extensively used by the United States Geological Survey, 

an attempt has been made to get an instrument which could be used under practically all 

conditions.

Current-meter measurements may be made from a bridge, a cable, a boat, or by wading, 

and gaging stations may be classified in accordance with such use. Fig. 1 shows a typical 

cable station.
FIELD METHODS OF MEASURING FLOW. 15

In making the measurement an arbitrary number of points are laid off on a line perpendicular to the thread of the stream. The points at which the velocity and depth are observed are 

known as measuring points, and are usually fixed at regular intervals, varying from 2 to 20 

feet, depending upon the size and condition of the stream. Perpendiculars dropped from 

the measuring points divide the gaging section into strips. For each strip or pair of strips 

the mean velocity, area, and discharge are determined independently, so that conditions 

existing in one part of the stream may not be extended to parts where they do not apply.

There are in general use three classes of methods of measuring velocity with current meters: 

multiple-point, single-point, and integration.

The three principal multiple-point methods in general use are the vertical velocity-curve; 

0.2 and 0.8 depth; and top, bottom, and mid-depth.

In the vertical velocity-curve method a series of velocity determinations are made in 

each vertical at regular intervals, usually from 0.5 to 1 foot apart. By plotting these velocities as abscissas and their depths as ordiuates, and drawing a smooth curve among the 

resulting points, the vertical velocity-curve is developed. This curve shows graphically the 

magnitude and changes in velocity from the surface to the bottom of the stream. The 

mean velocity in the vertical is then obtained by dividing the area bounded by this velocitycurve and its axis by the depth. On account of the length of time required to make a complete measurement by this method, its use is limited to the determination of coefficients for 

purposes of comparison and to measurements under ice.

In the second multiple point method the meter is held successively at 0.2 and 0.8 of the 

depth and the mean of the velocities at these two points is taken as the mean velocity for 

that vertical. Assuming that the vertical velocity-curve is a common parabola with horizontal axis, the mean of the velocities at 0.22 and 0.79 of the depth will give (closely) the 

mean velocity in the vertical. Actual observations under a wide range of conditions show 

that this second multiple-point method gives the mean velocity very closely for open-water 

conditions where the depth is over 5 feet and the bed comparatively smooth, and moreover 

the indications are that it will hold nearly as well for ice-covered rivers.

In the third multiple-point method the meter is held at mid-depth, at 0.5 foot below the 

surface, and at 0.5 foot above the bottom, and the mean velocity is determined by dividing 

by 6 the sum of the top velocity, 4 times the mid-depth velocity, and the bottom velocity. 

This method may be modified by observing at 0.2, 0.6,-and 0.8 depth.

The single-point method consists in holding the meter either at the depth of the thread of 

mean velocity, or at an arbitrary depth for which the coefficient for reducing to mean velocity 

has been determined.

Extensive experiments by vertical velocity-curves show that the thread of mean velocity 

generally occurs at from 0.5 to 0.7 of the total depth. In general practice the thread of mean 

velocity is considered to be at 0.6 depth, at which point the meter is held in a majority of the 

measurements. A large number of vertical velocity-curve measurements taken on many 

streams and under varying conditions show that the average coefficient for reducing the 

velocity obtained at 0.6 depth to mean velocity is practically unity.

In the other principal single-point method the meter is held near the surface, usually 1 foot 

below, or low enough to be out of the effect of the wind or other disturbing influences. This 

is known as the subsurface method. The coefficient for reducing the velocity taken at the 

subsurface to the mean has been found to be from 0.85 to 0.95, depending upon the stage, 

velocity and channel conditions. The higher the stage the larger the coefficient. This 

method is specially adapted for flood measurements, or when the velocity is so great that the 

meter can not be kept at 0.6 depth.

The vertical-integration method consists in moving the meter at a slow, uniform speed 

from the surface to the bottom and back again to the surface, and noting the number of 

revolutions and the time taken in the operation. This method has the advantage that the 

velocity at each point of the vertical is measured twice. It is well adapted for measurements 

under ice and as a check on the point methods.
16 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN" 1905, PART IV.

The area, which is the other factor in the velocity method of determining the discharge of a 

stream, depends on the stage of the river, which is observed on the gage, and on the general 

contour of the bed of the stream, which is determined by soundings. The soundings are 

usually taken at each measuring point at the time of the discharge measurement, either by 

using the meter and cable, or by a special sounding line or rod. For streams with permanent 

beds standard cross sections are usually taken during low water. These sections serve to 

check the soundings which are taken at the time of the measurements, and from them any 

change which may have taken place in the bed of the stream can be detected. They are also 

of value in obtaining the area for use in computations of high-water measurements, as 

accurate soundings are hard to obtain at high stages.

In computing the discharge measurements from the observed velocities and depths at 

various points of measurement, the measuring section is divided into elementary strips, as 

shown in fig. 1, and the mean velocity, area, and discharge are determined separately for 

either a single or a double strip. The total discharge and the area are the sums of those for 

the various strips, and the mean velocity is obtained by dividing the total discharge by the 

total area.

The determination of the flow of an ice-covered stream is difficult, owing to diversity and 

instability of conditions during the winter period, and also to lack of definite information in 

regard to the laws of flow of water under ice. The method now employed is to make frequent discharge measurements during the frozen periods by the vertical velocity-curve 

method, and to keep an accurate record of the conditions, such as the gage height to the 

surface of the water as it rises in a hole cut in the ice, the thickness and character of the ice, 

etc.

From these data an approximate estimate of the daily flow can be made by constructing a 

rating curve (really a series of curves) similar to that used for open channels, but considering 

in addition to gage heights and discharge, varying thickness of ice. Such data as are available in regard to this subject are published in Water-Supply Paper No. 146, pp. 141-48.

OFFICE METHODS OF COMPUTING RUN-OFF.

There are two principal methods of estimating run-off, depending upon whether or not 

the bed of the stream is permanent.

For stations of streams with permanent beds the first step in computing the run-off is the 

construction of a rating table, which shows the discharge corresponding to any stage of the 

stream. This rating table is applied to the record of stage to determine the amount of water 

flowing. The construction of the rating table depends, upon the method used in measuring 

flow.

For a station at a weir or dam, the basis for the rating table is some standard weir formula. 

The coefficients to be used in its application depend upon the type of dam and other conditions near its crest. After inserting in the weir formula the measured length of crest and 

assumed coefficient, the discharge is computed for various heads, and the rating table constructed.

The data necessary for the construction of a rating table for a velocity-area station are 

the results of the discharge measurements, which include the record of stage of the river at 

the time of measurement, the area of the cross section, the mean velocity of the current, and 

the quantity of water flowing, and a thorough knowledge of the conditions at and in the 

vicinity of the station.

The construction of the rating table depends upon the following laws of flow for open 

permanent channels: (1) The discharge will remain constant so long as conditions at or 

near the gaging station remain constant. (2) Neglecting the change of slope due to the rise 

and fall of the stream, the discharge will be the same whenever the stream is at a given 

stage. (3) The discharge is a function of and increases gradually with the stage.

The plotting of results of the various discharge measurements, using gage heights as 

ordinates, and discharge, mean velocity, and area as abscissas, will define curves which 

show the discharge, mean velocity, and area corresponding to any gage height. For the
OFFICE METHODS OF COMPUTING RUN-OFF. 17

development of these curves there should be therefore a sufficient number of discharge 

measurements to cover the range of the stage of the stream. "Fig. 2 shows a typical rating 

curve with its corresponding mean velocity and area curves.

As the discharge is the product of two factors, the area and the mean velocity, any 

change in either factor will produce a corresponding change in the discharge. Their curves 

are therefore constructed in order to study each independently of the other.

The area curve can be definitely, determined from accurate soundings extending to the 

limits of high water. It is always concave toward the horizontal axis or on a straight 

line, unless the banks of the stream are overhanging.

The form of the mean velocity curve depends chiefly upon the surface slope, the roughness 

of the bed, and the cross section of the stream. Of these the slope is the principal factor. 

In accordance with the relative changes of these factors the curve may be either a straight 

line, convex or concave toward either axis, or a combination of the three. From a careful 

study of the conditions at any gaging station the form which the vertical velocity curve 

will take can be predicted, and it may be extended with reasonable certainty to stages 

beyond the limits of actual measurements. Its principal use is in connection with the area 

curve in locating errors in discharge measurements and in constructing the rating table.

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DISCHARGE IN SECQNO-FgET

FIG. 2. Rating, area, and mean velocity curves for South Fork of Skykomish River near Index,

Wash.

The discharge curve is defined primarily by the measurements of discharge, which are 

studied and weighted in accordance with the local conditions existing at the time of each 

measurement. The curve may, however, best be located between and beyond the measurements by means of curves of area and mean velocity. The discharge curve under normal 

conditions is concave toward the horizontal axis and is generally parabolic in form. 

In the preparation of the rating table the discharge for each tenth or half tenth on the 

gage is taken from the curve. The differences between successive discharges are then 

taken and adjusted according to the law that they shall either be constant or increasing.

The determination of daily discharge of streams with changeable beds is a difficult problem. In case there is a weir or dam available, a condition which seldom exists on streams 

of this class, estimates can be obtained by its use. In case of velocity-area stations frequent 

discharge measurements must be made if the estimates are to be other than rough approximates. For stations with beds which shift slowly or are materially changed only during 

floods, rating tables can be prepared for periods between such changes, and satisfactory 

results obtained with a limited number of measurements, provided that some of them are 

IRK 168 06 2
18 STEEAM MEASUEEMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

taken soon after the change ^occurs. For streams with continually shifting beds, such as 

the Colorado and Rio Grande, discharge measurements should be made every two or three 

days and the discharge for intervening days obtained either by interpolation modified 

by gage height or by Professor Stout's method, which has been described in full in the 

Nineteenth Annual Report, Part IV, p. 323, and in the Engineering News of April 21, 1904. 

This method, or a graphical application of it, is also much used in estimating flow at stations 

where the bed shifts but slowly.

COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Most of the measurements presented in this paper have been obtained through local 

hydrographers. Acknowledgement is extended to other persons and corporations who 

have assisted local hydrographers or have cooperated in any way, either by furnishing 

records of the height of water or by assisting in transportation.

The following list, arranged alphabetically by States, gives the names of the district 

hydrographers and others who have assisted in furnishing and preparing the data contained in this report.

Alabama. District Hydrographer M. R. Hall,« assisted by J. M. Giles, W. E. Hall, B. S. Drane, and 

F. A. Murray. Dr. E. A. Smith, State geologist, has paid the salaries of river observers at Beck, Pera, 

Sturdevant, Jenifer, Riverside, Elk, and Centerville. Gage heights were furnished by the Corps of 

Engineers, U. S. Army, for Palos and Tuscaloosa, and by the United States Weather Bureau observer, 

F. P. Chaflee, for Selma.

Georgia. District Hydrographer M. R. Hall, assisted by J. M. Giles, W. E. Hall, B. S. Drane, F. A. 

Murray, A. T. Mitchelson, and O. P. Hall. Prof. W. S. Yeates, State geologist, has paid the salaries 

of river observers at Tallulah Falls, Groveland, Davisboro, Reidsville, Greensboro, Buckhead, Flovilla, 

Norcross, Demo rest, Freemans, Canton (part of year), Carters, and Cartecay. J. M.Youngblood has 

furnished, without cost, gage heights for Augusta. The following United States Weather Bureau 

officials have furnished gage heights for the United States Weather Bureau stations, as noted in the 

description of stations: D. Fisher, Augusta, Ga.; J. B. Marbury, Atlanta, Ga.; and M. B. Summers, 

Macon, Ga. Transportation has been furnished by J. S. B. Thompson, general agent of the Southern 

Railway; by Thomas K. Scott, general manager of the Georgia Railroad; by James T. Wright, vicepresident and general manager of the Macon, Dublin and Savannah Railroad; by W. L. Mapother, 

first vice-president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. The above transportation was not 

confined to the State of Georgia, but was also furnished for the States of South Carolina, Alabama, 

Mississippi, and Tennessee.

Mississippi. District Hydrographer M. R. Hall, assisted by J. M. Giles and W. E. Hall. Gage 

heights were furnished by the United States Weather Bureau officials for the stations at Yazoo City.

North Carolina. District hydrographer, M. R. Hall, assisted by W. E. Hall and B. S. Drane. Dr. 

C. A. Schenck, director of the Biltmore School of Forestry, paid the gage readers at Davidsons River, 

Sitton, and Pinkbed.

South Carolina. District Hydrographer M. R. Hall, assisted by J. M. Giles, B. S. Drane, A. T. Mitchelson, and F. A. Murray.

SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Santee River is formed in the central part of South Carolina by the junction of Congaree 

and Wateree rivers, flows southeastward, and enters the Atlantic Ocean about 10 miles 

north of Cape Roumain. It has a total length of about 180 miles (following the course of 

the river) and drains an area of about 15,000 square miles. It is a navigable stream for 

its entire length, and of course offers no opportunities for the development of power.

Wateree River, the more northerly of the two parent streams, rises on the eastern slope 

of the Blue Ridge, in McDowell County, N. C., and flows northeastward and then eastward, then bends abruptly to the southeast and flows in this general direction across the 

south central part of North Carolina and the north central part of South Carolina to its 

junction with the Congaree, practically paralleling the course of Yadkin and Pedee rivers. 

This stream, throughout its course in North Carolina and also through that part of its course 

in South Carolina above the mouth of Wateree Creek, is known as Catawba River. The

a Office of the district hydrographer for South Atlantic States and eastern Gulf of Mexico, £ 

court, Atlanta, Ga,
SANTEE KIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 19

total length of the stream is about 270 miles in a straight line, and about 450 miles when 

all the windings are followed.

The Wateree is navigable as far as Camden, but above that point the fall is so great that 

navigation is impracticable. In 1826 and following years the State of South Carolina spent 

large sums in the attempt to render the river navigable by means of locks and dams. Some 

large and important works were constructed at great expense, but the undertaking was 

abandoned before their completion.

The drainage basin resembles that of the Yadkin in many respects, the upper portion 

of the stream flowing between parallel ranges of mountains, from which it receives many 

tributaries, affording much power. The average width of the valley of the main stream 

in North Carolina is only from 15 to 20 miles, and the fall in the main stream is considerable. 

The greater part of the drainage basin is hilly, and the upper portions are mountainous. 

A number of the tributary streams rise and flow for almost their entire course in high 

mountains. About 65 per cent of the upper part of the basin is in forest. Linville and 

John rivers, the principal tributaries in North Carolina, flow in country of this character, 

and their basins are almost entirely forested.

Wateree River crosses the fall line about 5 miles above Camden, S. C., in rapids about 

5 miles in length, with a total fall of about 52 feet. The Great Falls of the Catawba are 

some distance above. This is the largest power in South Carolina and one of the largest 

in the Southern States, the available fall being 173 feet. '

The average rainfall in the basin is about 50 inches, the annual total increasing as the 

stream is ascended. The greatest flood ever experienced on the river was in May, 1901, 

the gage reading at the Rockhill station being 24.15 feet and the measured discharge nearly 

151,000 second-feet, or nearly 50 second-feet per square mile from the drainage basin above 

the station. The greatest flood previously experienced on the stream was in 1865. This 

was only 2 feet lower than the flood of May, 1901, on the lower part of the river, but the 

latter rise exceeded all previous records on the upper part of the river by from 8 to 15 feet.

The minimum flow recorded for the Rockhill station is 1,300 second-feet, or about 0.43 

second-foot per square mile. This occurred in September, 1895 and 1896. The maximum 

flow is about 116 times the minimum. During 1904 the minimum flow was 810 secondfeet at the Catawba station. This was due to the storing of water at the new dam near 

Rockhill.

The Congaree, the second and more southerly of the two streams which by their union 

form the Santee, is formed by the junction of Broad and Saluda rivers between Lexington 

and Richland counties, S. C., whence it flows in a general southeasterly direction, but in a ' 

very tortuous channel, for about 60 miles to its junction with the Wateree. The stream is 

navigable to Columbia, the capital of the State. There it crosses the fall line, giving rise 

to a very fine water power, the only one on the stream, which is being extensively used in 

the manufacturing enterprises of Columbia.

Broad River rises on the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge near Hickory Nut Gap, in the 

southwestern part of McDowell County and the northeastern part of Henderson County, 

N. C., and flows in a general southeasterly direction across a portion of south-central North 

Carolina and north-central South Carolina to its junction with the Saluda at Columbia. 

The length of the river in a straight line is about 128 miles, but it is much greater if the 

course of the river is followed.

In general character the drainage basin closely resembles those of the Yadkin and the 

Catawba. It lies entirely above the fall line, is without lakes, and is well wooded, especially in the upper portion, and the soil is generally loose and porous.

The rainfall of the basin averages about 51 inches, of which about 13 inches fall in spring, 

the same in summer, about 10 in autumn, and about 15 in winter. It is probable that 

the precipitation in the region about the headwaters is much greater than these amounts 

indicate.

The maximum flood recorded at the Alston station on this stream, 25 miles above Columbia, occurred in May, 1901, the estimated discharge being 131,000 second-feet, equivalent
20 STKEAM MEASUBEMENTS IN 1905, PAKT IV.

to about 28 second-feet per square mile. The minimum flow recorded at the same place is 

1,250 second-feet, equivalent to 0.27 second-foot per square mile. This occurred during 

October, 1904. The maximum flow is therefore about 105 times the minimum.

Saluda Kiver is formed in western South Carolina by the junction of North, South, and 

Middle forks, and flows southeastward to its junction with Broad Kiver, the length of the 

stream being about 110 miles in a straight line. The three forks are mountain streams, and 

the character of the drainage basin is similar to that of Broad River.

The average rainfall over the basin of the stream is 51 inches, the amount and seasonal 

distribution being similar to that on the Broad. The maximum flood recorded at the 

Waterloo station on this stream occurred in February, 1902, the rise being 23 feet above 

low water and the estimated discharge being about 18,500 second-feet, equivalent to about 

18 second-feet per square mile. The minimum discharge so far recorded is 200 second-feet, 

or about 0.19 second-foot per square, mile. This occurred during October, 1904. The 

maximum discharge is therefore about 108 times the minimum.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this drainage during 1905:

CATAWBA RIVER NEAR CATAWBA, S. C.

This station was established in order to continue the records on Catawba River after the 

Rockhill station had been abandoned. No very favorable section was found, but this one 

was selected as the most available one, and a temporary gage was put in September 11,1903, 

by J. M. Giles. The station is located at the bridge of the Southern Railway 2 miles southeast of Catawba, S. C., and about 2 miles below the crossing of the Seaboard Air Line.

The channel is straight above and below the bridge. At ordinary stages the river is about 

490 feet wide; at high stages the banks, which are rather high, will overflow to some extent, 

but all water will pass under the bridge and its approaches. The bed is partly rock and will 

probably shift little. The current is sluggish at low water rather too much so for accurate 

work.

Discharge measurements are made from a plank footway on the lower members of the 

bridge. The initial point for soundings is the river edge of the capstone on the left bank 

pier. The bridge is a three-span deck bridge about 520 feet long, with 250 feet of trestle 

approach on the right bank and 160 feet on the left bank. The bridge is not quite at right 

angles with the current and corrections are made to the widths in computing measurements.

The gage is a vertical timber, reading from zero to 12 feet, driven into the bed of the river 

and spiked to a willow tree. It is located on the left bank of the river, about 85 feet above 

the bridge. A second section of the gage is attached to a tree on the bank of a small 

branch about 200 feet from the river and the same distance above the bridge. This section 

extends from 12 to 27 feet. The gage is read twice each day by J.Y. Brice. Bench marks 

were established as follows: (1) The top of the joint plate on the upstream bottom chord 

at a point 44 feet from the initial point, elevation, 31.70 feet. (2) A standard copper plug 

set in a solid rock projecting from water in river about 200 feet above the bridge and opposite point 240 feet from initial point; elevation, 5.73 feet. Elevations refer to datum of

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, p 64; WS 15, p 34; 27, p 27; 36, pp 120-121; 48, p 143; 65, p 247; 83, pp 73-74; 

98, p 42; 127, p 20.'

Discharge: Ann 13, iv, p 64; WS 15, p 34; 27, p 44; 36, p 121; 48, p 143; 65, p 247; 98, p 42; 127, p 20.

Discharge, minimum: WS 36, p 122.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 18, iv, p 65; 19, iv, p 212; 20, iv, p 149; 21, iv, p 123; WS 75, p 58; 127, p 22.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 50.

Gage heights: WSll,pl8; 15, p34; 27, p 37; 36, p 121; 43, p 144; 65, p 248; 83, p 74; 98, p43; 127, p 21,

Hydrographs: Ann 19, iv, p 213; 20, iv, p 149; 21, iv, p 123.

Bating tables: Ann 18, iv, p 65; 19, iv, p 212; WS 27, p 45; 39, p 443; 65, p 320; 127, p 22,
SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 21

Discharge measurements of Catawba River near Catawba, 8. C., in 1905.

Date.

March 13.......

May 29........

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

W. E . Hall ..........................

Width.

Feet. 

475

456

444

470

452

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

5,721

3,916

3,402

2,965

2,696

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.88

1.46

1.60

1.42

.31

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.95

4.15

3.76

3.06

1.55

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

16,460

5,731

5,438

4,221

824

Daily gage height, in feet, ofCatawba River near Catawba, S. C.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.6

2.65

2.45

2.5

2.45

2.4

3.5

3.8

3.7

3.1

2.85

3.2

6.1

8.1

5.4

4.2

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.75

2.85

2.65

2.6

2.45

2.1

2.05

2.4

2.7

2.6

Feb.

2.5

2.45

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.55

2.35

2.7

3.5

3.9

4.5

5.0

7.4

7.7

5.5

3.8

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.7

11.9

11.2

8.2

7.0

5.8

4.7

4.4

4.0

Mar.

3.7

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.0

3.1

2.9

3.1

3.0

3.4

3.8

3.3

3.2

3.0

9 g

2.8

2.75

2.85

2.7

2.7

2.75

2.85

2.65

2.75

2.85

2.65

2.65

2.55

2.5

Apr.

2.55

2.5

2.65

2.5

2.45

3.15

3.25

3.05

2.85

2.85

2.75

2.8

2.7

3.1

3.25

3.15

3.1

2.85

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.4

May.

2.65

2.45

2.4

4.6

'3.35

3.45

4.3

5.4

4.4

3.7

3.45

3.55

3.95

5.2

5.7

6.4

5.6

5.2

4.1

3.45

3.05

3.1

3.45

3.55

3.05

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.1

2.75

2.65

June.

2.65

2.45

2.4

2.25

2.45

2.25

2.1

2.15

2.2

2.1

1.95

2.2

2.25

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

3.9

4.1

3.7

2.9

2.55

2.3

2.5

2.85

2.35

2.2

2.05

1.9

July.

2.05

2.0

3.15

2.85

2.7

6.0

5.8 "

3.8

2.8

2.7

3.05

5.0

11.6

17.3

14.2

8.8

5.4

4.2

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.25

3.55

3.6

3.05

2.95

2.7

2.65

5.0

4.1

3.85

Aug.

3.0

2.7

2.45

2.25

2.95

4.4

3.05

3.45

6.1

6.8

13.4

11.9

9.7

6.6

5.4

4.8

4.4

3.8

3.35

3.05

3.1

4.8

3.4

3.9

4.2

6.2

3.85

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.5

Sept.

2.4

2.55

3.15

2.7

2.7

2.45

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.35

2.3

2.35

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.55

2.55

2.15

2.0

2.35

2.0

1.9

2.25

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.0

Oct.

1.8

1.75

2.05

2.1

2.1

2.1

1.95

1.7

1.95

2.05

2.15

2.1

3.15

2.7

2.05

2.45

2.1

2.1

2.15

2.25

2.2

1.55

1.75

2.05

2.15

2.3

2.25

2.2

J.6

1.9

2.15

Nov.

2.1

2.15

2.25

2.15

1.55

1.75

2.05

2.1

2.05

2.1

2 1

1.5

1.8

2.05

2.05

2.1

2.15

2.2

1.50

1.85

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.15

1.55

1.75

2.2

2.15

2.05

Dec.

2 2

2.3

2.75

4.7

4.6

3.2

2.55

2.4

2.4

4.8

6.3

4.2

3.3

2.95

2.95

3.45

3.4

3.45

2.9

2.95

12.4

13.2

7.2

4.8

3.95

3.55

3.4

3.6

3.95

3.65

3.15

CATAWBA RIVER NEAR MORGANTOK, X. C.

The original station was established June 19, 1900, in connection with the hydrographic 

investigation of the southern Appalachian area, at which time a wire gage was installed on 

the highway bridge on the road from Morganton to Hartland. In May, 1901, the river 

throughout this part of its course rose from 8 to 15 feet higher than ever before known, 

and the bridge and gage were destroyed. The present station was established May 15, 

1903, by E. W. Myers, at the bridge which was built to replace the one carried away by 

the flood of May, 1901. The station is 1 mile north of Morganton and about 200 yards 

below the mouth of Upper Creek.
"22

STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

The channel is straight for about 200 feet above and 600 feet below the station. The 

current is swift. The right bank is low and overflows to a slight extent on account of 

erosion, but all water passes beneath the approach to the bridge. The left bank is high, 

rocky, and wooded. The bed of the stream is rocky, with sand and gravel near the right 

bank.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single-span steel 

highway bridge. The initial point for soundings is the left end of the downstream hand 

rail.

A standard chain gage is attached to the lower chord on the downstream side of the 

bridge; length of chain, 37.60 feet. The gage is read once each day by Hort Edmunson. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The left side of the upper surface of the sixth 

floor beam at the downstream side of the bridge, marked by a spot of white paint and the 

letters "B. M.;" elevation, 34.77 feet. (2) A copper plug set in cement in a rock on the 

left bank 24.3 feet back of the initial point for soundings, 3 feet downstream from the line 

of the downstream truss. It is about 1^ feet above the road and is inclosed in a circle of 

white paint and marked "B. M.;" elevation, 37.37 feet. Elevations refer to the datum 

of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 48, p 140-141; 65, p 247; 83, p 75; 98, pp 45-46; 127, p 23.

Discharge: 48, p 141; 65, p 247; 83, p 75; 98, p 46; 127, p 24.

Discharge, monthly: 83, p 77; 98, p 47; 127, p 26.

Gage heights: 48, p 141; 83, pp 75-76; 98, pp 46-47; 127, p 25.

Rainfall data: 83, p 77.

Rating tables: 83, p 76; 98, p 47; 127, p 25.

Discharge measurements ofCatawba River near Morganton, N. O., in 1905.

Date.

April 19.......

June 27........

November 9. . .

Hydrographer.

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

170

139

171

165

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

482

419

630

460

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.72

1.76

2.43

1.08

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.51

1.35

2.01

1.09

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

827

738

1,529

498
SANTEE RIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 23

Daily gage height, in feet, ofCatawba River near Morganton, N. C.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3.............

4..............

5..............

6.............. 

8..............

9..............

10.............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25...... .......

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.75 

2.2 

1.55

1.45

1.86

2.3

3.8

2.65

2.1

1.95

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.35

1.3

Feb.

1.3

1.25

1.3

1.2

1.3 

1.45 

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.6

2.1

2.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.45

2.3

3.7

3.8

3.6

1 2.9

2.6

2.4

2.2

Mar.

2.05

i.oo'

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8 

1.75 

1.65

1.8

2.2

2 25

2.1

2.00

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.6

1.5

Apr.

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.75

2.05

2.00

1.85

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.4

May.

1.35

1.35

1.5

1.7

1.65

3.3 

2.6 

2.25

2.4

2.5

2.25

2.2

1.95

4.5

4.6

4.8

3.2

2.7

2.45

2.0

2.05

2.0

1.95

3.3

2.55

2.15

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.65

June.

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.35 

1.3 

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.15

1.6

2.3

5.6

4.7

3.2

2.6

2.25

1 9

1.85

1.7

1.55

1.5

1.35

1.65

1.8

r

July.

1.7

1.6

1.65

1.95

3.3 

2.3 

2.0

2.95

1.95

3.2

11.5

8.2

6.2

3.4

2.6

2.4

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.6

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.15

2.1

1.95~

2.00

1.85

1.6

Aug.

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.55 

1.45 

2.0

9 7

4.1 .

6.2

4.2

4.0

3.5

3.6

2.9

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.8

2.0

2.25

1.9

1.75

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.4

Sept.

1.45

1.95

1.8

1.65

1.45

1.4 

1.35 

i 3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

Oct.

1.1

1.05

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1 

1.15 

1.15

1.1

3.4

1.65

1.55

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.15

1.25

1.20

Nov.

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.1

Dec.

1.1

,1.1

4.3

2.0

1.85

1.45 

1.4 

1.3

4.8

2.6

1.9

1.75

1.6

1.95

2.35

2.1

1.95

1.85

1.7

4.8

2.8

3.3

2.05

1.95

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.75

1.6

Station rating table for Catawoa River near Morganton, N. C., from January 1 to

December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

400

470

550

640

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

740

840

950

1,070

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.80 "

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1,200

1,340

1,490

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.10

2.20

2.30

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1,655

1,835

2,025

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 1 foot and 2.7 feet- The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above 

gage height 2.3 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 195 per tenth. Above gage height 

2.2 feet the table is the same as for 1904.
24 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Estimated monthly discharge ofCatawba River near Morganton, N. C.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 758 square miles.]

Month.

March 1-24. .................................

April 9-30. .................................

July.........................................

October 1-26. . ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,580 

4,950 

1,930 

1,572 

0,900 

8,460 

19,960 

9,030 

1,415 

4,170 

 550 

6,900

Minimum.

470 

550 

840 

740 

690 

470 

950 

740 

470 

435 

435 

470

Mean.

1,438 

1,616 

1,212 

964 

2,311 

1,474 

3,290 

2,259 

670 

710 

476 

1,875

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

inile.

1.90 

2.13 

1.60 

1.27 

3.05 

1.94 

4.34 

2.98 

.884 

.937 

.628 

2.47

Depth in 

inches.

2.19 

2.22 

1.43 

1.04 

3.52 

2.16 

5.00 

3.44 

.986 

.906 

.561 

2.85

RIVER NEAR MORGANTCMSr, ST. C.

This station was established for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous measurements. It is located at the iron highway bridge on the Lenoir road, about 3 miles 

from Morganton, N. C.

The channel is curved for about 300 feet above and straight for 500 feet below the station. The current is swift. Both banks are high, wooded, and not liable to overflow. 

The bed of the stream is rocky along the left bank, which is composed of rock, and sandy 

along the right bank. There is but one channel at all stages.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single-span bridge. 

The initial point for soundings is the left end of the main span, downstream side, over 

the middle of the left pier.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the upper edge of 

the end of a bar extending from the floor beam to a brace at the downstream end of the 

second floor beam from the left pier, 32 feet from the initial point for soundings; elevation, 30.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 48, pp 142-143; 65, p 247; 83, p 77; 127, p 26.

Discharge: 48, p 143; 65, p 247; 83, p 77; 98, p 55; 127, p 27.

Discharge, monthly: 83, p 80.

Gage heights: 48, p 143; 65, p 247; 83, pp 78-79.

Rainfall data: 83, p 80.

Rating table: 83, p 79.

Discharge measurements of John River near Morganton, N. C., in 1905.

Date.

April 19.......

June 27........

Hydrographer.

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

64

63

64

60

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

178

173

207

127

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.60

. 1.38

2.26

1.12

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.66

1.62

2.0

1.28

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

284

239

468

142
SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 25

WATEREE RIVER NEAR CAMDEN, 8. C.

Camden, S. C., is on Wateree River, 45 miles above its mouth and about 5 miles below 

the fall line. A station has been maintained by the United States Weather Bureau since 

1891 at the toll bridge about 2 miles west of Camden.

The channel is 270 feet wide at low water, and is broken by one pier. The current is 

smooth and moderately swift, except at lowest stages. Both banks are high, but are 

liable to overflow at time of floods. Both are open and cultivated, except along the edge, 

where there are trees. The bed is sand and is slightly changeable. The river below has 

a very small slope, which is unfavorable for good rating at high stages, as the position of 

the flood crest will affect the slope largely.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the face of the right-bank abutment. The bridge consists of 

two spans, about 180 feet each, supported by tubular iron piers, and has short wooden 

approaches with brick abutments on both banks.

The Weather Bureau gage is in three sections. Only the third section, reading from 

15 to 32 feet, painted on the upstream cylindrical pier on the right bank, is in good condition. August 12, 1904, a standard chain gage was fastened to a short vertical timber 

resting on the end of a floor beam 40 feet from the right-bank pier and fastened to the 

double rod hanger; length of chain, 43.53 feet. The datum is the.same as that of the 

upper section of the Weather Bureau gage. The bottom of the box is about 3 feet above 

the bridge floor, and is 41.53 feet above the gage datum. Gage heights are furnished by 

the United States Weather Bureau. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The 

top of the upstream end of the floor beam 40 feet from right-bank pier, at a point directly 

under the gage; elevation, 36.85 feet. (2) Two large wire nails driven horizontally into 

a sycamore tree on right bank of river and upstream side of the road, 110 feet from the 

pier; elevation, 31.27 feet. (3) The top of a 2-inch capped pipe post, set about 3 feet 

into the ground and provided with a cross at the bottom to make it permanent; it is 

located on the right bank, about 100 feet to the right of the first iron pier and 15 feet 

upstream from the line of the upper edge of the bridge; elevation, 33.10. Elevations refer 

to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 36, p 123; 98, pp 40-41; 127, pp 27-28. 

Discharge: 98, pp 41, 54; 127, p 28. 

Gage heights: 98, p 41; 127, p 28.

Discharge measurements of Wateree River near Camden, S. C., in 1905.

Date.

March 11. ......

May 27. ........

May 27.........

June 26........

June 26........

October 19.....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

286

299

300

300

275

275

272

Area oi 

section.

Square 

feet.

3,455

4,488

4,328

4,429

2,735

2,816

2,346

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.52

1.83

1.86

1.92

1.05

1.10

0.73

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.80

11.07

10.64

10.90

5.09

5.24

4.33

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

5,275

8,243

8,059

8,524

2,873

3,107

1,708
26 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV,

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wateree River near Camden, S. O.,for 1905.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

-1C

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

6.1

5.4

5.4

5.0

4.9

4.8

6.1

9.3

8.4

8.2

6.7

6.0

8.5

18.1

18.5

12.0

9.4

7 7

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.4

5.8

5.9

5.4

5.1

4.1

4.3

4.0

4.0

5.2

Feb.

4 8

4.7

4.7

4.4

5.4

8.7

14.5

15.1

14.6

20.5

25.3

22.9

16.5

11.1

8.7

7.9

7.7

21.5

28.1

26.5

22.3

19.3

15.5

12.5

11.2

Mar.

9 9

9 1

8.5

8.0

7.5

7.3

7.2

7.8

8.8

10.8

10.8

9.6

8.8

7.6

7.3

7.0

6.6

6.9

6.6

6.6

6.9

6.6

6.4

6.0

6.5

6.0

5.8

5.4

Apr.

e o

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.4

7.0

8.2

7.6

7.0

6.2

6.6

6.4

9.3

9.2

8.2

8.2

7.6

7.2

6.4

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.8

8.0

7.0

5.8

5.8

May.

5.5

5.8

8.8

11.5

8.1

8.8

11.6

12.2

9.9

11.1

9.6

11.2

11.8

13.1

13.8

15.1

14.0

11.7

9 1

7.6

7.1

7.9

11.9

9.6

10.5

9.0

7.4

7.1

6.2

June.

6

*2

5.8

5.3

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.1

4.0

4.5

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.8

8.7

9.0

7.2

6.1

5.6

4.9

5.3

5.6

4.8

4.7

4.3

July.

4.0

3.8

4.2

6.4

5.8

12.2

7.7

5.6

5.4

7.0

16.8

27.0

29.4

26.8

21.6

14.2

10.6

8.8

8.2

7.6

8.0

8.2

8.0

7.4

7.3

6.6

8.0

13.0

10.7

Aug.

8.6

6 9

6.1

5.4

8.8

9.2

8.4

20.3

23.7

25.0

28.5

27.8

24.8

19.6

15.6

16.0

12.2

9.8

8.5

7.8

7.9

10.4

12.4

12.4

15.4

14.2

10.1

8.3

7.5

7.0

Sept.

6

0

6 9

6.4

6.9

6 9

6.8

6.4

6.3

5.6

5.3

5.8

6.3

6.7

6.2

5.2

5.2

4.9

6.9

6.0

5.3

4.9

5.0

4.5

4.4

5.3

4.9

4.7

4.4

4.7

Oct.

4.4

4.1

°. fi

4 9

4 °.

4.8

4.8

4.4

3.9

3.8

4.8

4.8

4.6

7.6

5.6

4.8

5.4

5.0^

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.6

3.8

a 3. 4

4.4

4.4

4.8

4.9

4.8

3.9

a3.0

Nov.

4.5

4.4

4.8

4.6

3

0

a2.85

4.2

4.4

4.0

4.8

4.4

3.8

a2.9

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.5

3.75

o2.9

4.8

4.75

4.5

4.5

4.2

3.8

o3.05

4.35

4.2

Dec.

3 Q

4.3

9

£*

10 9

19 fi

10.4

7.4

5.1

5.55

8.7

13.7

13.8

10.2

7.9

8.2

8.6

8.5

8.3

8.4

7.4

23.0

28.4

26.3

19.6

13.4

10.2

9.0 8.6'

13.0

13.0

9 7

a Extreme low gage heights probably due to storage above.
SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 27

Station rating table for Wateree River near Camden, S. C.,from September 11,1904, to December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

890

970

1,050

1,135

1,220

1,305

1,390

1,475

1,560

1,645

1,730

1,815

1,900

1,990

2,080

2,170

2,260

2,350_

2,440'

2,530

2,620

2,710

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5,50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.10

6.20

6.30

6.40

6.50

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,800

2,890

2,980

3,070

3,160

3,250

3,340

3,430

3,520

3,610

3,700

3,790

3,880

3,970

4,060

4,150

4,245

4,340

4,435

4,530

4,625

4,815

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9.80

10.00

10.20

10.40

10.60

10.80

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,005

5,195

5,385

5,575

5,765

5,955

6,145

6,335

6,525

6,715

6,905

7,095

7,285

7,475

7,665

7,855

8,045

8,235

8,425

8,920

9,420

9,920

Gage 

height.

Feet.

13.00

13.50

14.00

14.50

15.00

15.50

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

 21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

26.00

27.00

28.00

29.00

30.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

10,420

10,920

11,420

11,920

12,420

12,970

13, 520

14, 620

15, 720

16, 820

17,920

19, 120

20,320

21,520

22, 720

23,920

25,220

26,520

27, 820

29,120

30,420

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1904-5. It is well defined 

between gage heights 4.4 feet and 11 feet. Beyond these limits it is uncertain. The high-water estimates are rough approximations.

Estimated monthly discharge of Wateree River near Camden, S. C., for 1904-5. 

[Drainage area, 2,635 square miles.]

Month.

1904. 

September 11-30. ............................

1905.

April. .......................................

May.........................................

July.........................................

Maximum.

6,430

2,350

5,005

11, 520

16,270

27,950

8,235

6,810

12,530

6,525

29,640

28, 470

5,290

5,195

2,620

28,340

29,640

Minimum.

1,475

1,050

1,220

1,645

1,900

2,260

3,160

3,070

3,250

1,900

1,730

3,160

2,260

1,050

930

1,815

930

Mean.

2,390

1,490

2,470

3,717

4,828

11,100

5,206

4,358

7,205

3,025

8,617

10,880

3,468

2,429

2,019

8,946

6,007

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.907

.565

.937

1.41

1.83

4.21

1.98

1.65

2.73

1.15

3.27

4.13

1.32

.922

.766

3.40

2.28 .

Depth in 

inches.

0.675

.504

.558

1.63

2.11

4.38

2.28

1.84

3.15

1.28

3.77

4.76

1.47

1.06

.855

3.92

30.88
STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

BROAD RIVER (OF THE CAROMNAS) AT ALSTON, S. C.

This station was established July 3, 1896, by E. W. Myers at the Southern Railway 

bridge at Alston, S. C., about 27 miles above Columbia.

The channel is straight above the station, but the current is interrupted by a large island 

and passes under the bridge at an angle. Below the bridge the channel is straight for about 

one-half mile. Both banks are high and all water passes beneath the bridge. The bed 

of the stream is of sand and silt and is slightly shifting. There is but one channel at all 

stages, broken only by the piers of the bridge.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the six-span steel railway bridge. The initial point for soundings is the end of the second span nearest the left 

bank, over the center of the pier. At flood stages some water passes behind this point.

During 1905 the bridge was replaced by a new one. The standard chain gage, which 

had been located on the old bridge, was fastened to the outside of the guard rail of the new 

bridge at the third floor beam of the second span from the left bank at the original datum. 

The length of the chain is 39.28 feet. The gage is read twice each day by G. M. Heron. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The right edge of the top of the downstream 

end of the third floor beam from the left end of the second span from the left bank; elevation, 37.91 feet. (2) A standard copper bolt set in rock on the left bank on the hillside 

50 yards from the river and 52 feet downstream from the center line of the trestle approach 

to the bridge, 21.2 feet from the corner of the pump house; elevation, 26.59 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann = Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, p 67; WS 15, p37; 27, p28; 36, p 125; 48, p 146; 65, p 250; 83, p82; 98, p 48; 127, 

pp 28-29.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 68; WS 15, p 37; 27, p 44; 36, p 125; 48, p 146; 65, p 250; 83, p 82; 98, p 48; 127, 

p. 29.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 20, iv, p 151; 21, iv, p 128; 22, iv, p 158; WS 75, p 60; 83, p 84; 98, p 51; 127, 

p. 31.

Discharge, yearly: Ann20, iv, p 50.

Gage heights: WS 11, p 18; 15, p 37; 27, p 39; 36, p 125; 48, p 147; 65, p 250; 83, p 83; 98, p 49; 127, p 30.

Hydrographs: Ann 20, iv, p 152; 21, iv, p 128; 22, iv, p 158; WS 75, p 60.

Rating tables: WS 27, p 45; 39, p 444; 52, p 512; 65, p 320; 83, p 83; 98; p 50; 127, p 30.

Discharge measurements of Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. C., in 1905.

Date.

March 10......

May 25........

June 23........

June 24........

June 24........

October 18. ....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..... .....................

.....dO..;...........................

A. T. Mitchelson....................

.....do..............................

M.R. Hall. .......................!.

W. E. Hall. . ........................

Width.

Feet. 

496

493

553

493

500

502

473

481

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

2,050

2,039

2,597

1,880

1,662

1,892

1,837

1,124

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.23

2.58

2.36

1.80

1.92

1.80

1.53

1.73

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.25

4.57

"5.27

3.58

3.59

3.59

3.11

2.63

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

4,575

5,253

6,143

3,398

3,205

3,413

2,687

1,941

a Gage height doubtful.
SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 2}) 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. C.,for 1905.

Day. .

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

in

11..............

12.............. 

13..............

14..............

15..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

3.9

3.65

3.5

3.8

3.65

3.55

4.0

5.0

4.7

4.35

4.25

4.2

8.4

9.5

5.8

5.0

4.7

4.4

4.45

41

4.2

4.0

3.75

4.1

3.35

3.45

3.7

3.3

Feb.

3.35

3.7

3.55

3.5

3.55

3.45

3.4

4.5

6.5

8.5

8 9

9.0 

11.7

12.1

10.0

7.3

d Q

4.9

1 d Q

12.2

10.0

7.6

6.4

5.6

5.4

Mar.

5.2

4.9

4.6

4.5

4.35

4.2

4.1

4.3

4.25

4.3

4.2

4.35 

5.1

4.7

4.6

4.15

4.05

4.05

3.85

4.05

4.3

4.1

3.55

3.45

3.85

3.75

3.7

Apr.

3.65

3.6

3.5

3.15

3.75

4.05

4.25

3.95

3.85

4.0

4.85

5.0 

4.2

4.25.

4.35

4.4

3.95

^! 4

3.85

3.65

3.6

3.65

3.6

3.35

3.0

3.4

4.9

4.0

3.6

3.7

May.

3.85

3.7

3.35

8.5

6.2

6.0

6.3

6.3

5.2

4 6

6.3 

5.1

8.4

7.7

6.1

6.4

4 9

4.6

4.2

3 9

3 1

7.6

4.95

4.7

6.2

5.8

5.2

4.55

4.25

June.

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.45

3.3

3.0

3.35

3.15

3.25

3.05

3.15

3.0 

2.6

3.0

3.1

3 1

2.9

3.7

^! 7

3.5

3.35

3.85

3.25

2.95

2.5

2.8

2.95

3.2

July.

3.1

6.0

8.8

8.4

6.2

5.5

6.6

5.2

4.2

3.9

5.0

6.1 

10.6

12.8

11.0

8.4

6.0

5.2

4.9

4.35

4.15

4.0

4.2

3.7

3.4

3.55

3.5

3.4

5.6

5.8

4.1

Aug.

3.45

3.3

3.1

3.35

3.35

3.8

3.4

4.65

8.8

7.8

12.2

13.4

11.7

8.8

6.3

5.7

5.4

5.6

5.0

3.8

4.2

4.0

4.8

4.6

6.6

9.4

6.9

4.8

3.9

4.0

3.5

Sept.

3.4

3.3

3.65

4.5

3.6

3.4

3.35

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.55 

3.35

4.6

4.0

3.35

2.9

2.9

2.55

3.55

3.0

2.9

2.85

2.85

2.5

2.2

2.6

2.65

2.65

2.65

Oct.

2.55

2.4

2.05

2.55

2.8

2.78

2.62

2.05

2.55

2.1

2.1

al.8 

3.3

4.0

3.8

2.4

2.3

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.3

2.5

2.28

2.7

3.4

2.55

2.55

2.45

2.92

2.5

2.0

Nov.

2.82

3.8

2.48

2.58

2.4

2.68

2.48

2.78

2.8

2.8

2.92

2.25 

3 9

2.82

2.2

2.12

2.22

2.4

2.68

2.58

2.87

3.2

3.0

2.88

2.92

2.98

2.75

2.58

2.85

2.88

Dec.

2.8

2.8

4.9

8.8

7.0

5.3

4.2

3.95

4.65

8.8

8.0

5.7 

4.85

4.4

4.7

5.1

5.2

4.65

4.4

5.1

18. 7 1

19.0

11.9

6.8

5.7

5.1

4.8

4.6

6.2

5.6

5.0

a Probably due to storing water.

Station rating table for Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. G.,from January 1, 

1904, to December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

990

1,040

1,100

1,170

1,250

1,340

1,440

1,550

1,670

1,800

1,940

2,090

2,250

2,420

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,590

2,770

2,960

3,150

3,350

3,560

3,780

4,010

4,250

4,500

4,750

5,000

5,250

5,500

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,750

6,025

6,300

6,575

6,850

7,125

7,400

7,675

7,950

8,225

8,500

8,775

9,050

9,32s1

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

-7.80

8.00

8.50

9.00

10.00

Discharge.

Second-feel.

9,600

10,200

10,800

11,400

12,000

12,600

13,200

13,800

14,400

15,000

15,650

17,275

18,900

22,150

The above table is based on 29 discharge measurements made during 1901-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 3 feet and 10 feet. Above 10 feet the discharge is approximate.
30 STKEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Estimated monthly discharge of Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. C., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 4,609 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

20,520 

41,600 

7,400 

6,850 

17,600 

5,375 

32,040 

34,400 

5,750 

- 4,250 

4,010 

56,800

56,800

Minimum.

2,770 

2,865 

3,055 

2,250 

2,865 

1,550 

2,420 

2,420 

1,250 

990 

1,186- 

1,940

990

Mean.

5,719 

13,970 

4,780 

4,045 

8,629 

2,873 

9,318 

9,653 

2,590 

1,831 

1,943 

11,720

6,423

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.24 

3.03 

1.04 

.878 

1.87 

.623 

2.02 

2.09 

.562 

.397 

.422 

2.54

1.39

Depth in 

inches.

l.<3 

3.10 

1.20 

.980 

2.16 

.695 

2.33 

2.41 

.627 

.458 

.471 

2.93

18.85

GREEN RIVER NEAR FLAT ROCK, N. C.

This station was. established November 13, 1905, for the purpose of making a series of 

miscellaneous measurements. It is located at a single 50-foot span wagon bridge, 3A miles 

northeast of Flat Rock, N. C., and about the same distance downstream from the crossing 

of the Southern Railway.

The current is good, being fairly swift at lowest water. The bed is partly rock, \vith 

some sand. All the water passes beneath the bridge at all stages.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the top of the 

downstream end of the first floor beam from the left end of the bridge; elevation, 16.00 feet 

above the datum of the assumed gage.

Discharge measurements of Green River near Flat Rock, N. C., in 1905. .

Date. Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall..........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

45

45

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

87

88

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

0.84

.82

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.65

1.65

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

73

72

SALUDA RIVER NEAR WATERLOO, S. C.

This station was established August 30, 1896, by E. W. Myers. It is located at the 

Charleston and Western Carolina Railroad bridge between Coronaca and Waterloo, 3 miles 

from Waterloo and 9 miles from Greenwood. It is 1 mile below the mouth of Reedy River.

The channel is straight for about 600 feet above and below the station. Both banks 

are low and wooded and are subject to overflow, but all of the water passes beneath the 

bridge and its approaches. The channel is broken only by the piers of the bridge and 

trestle bents. The width of the stream at low water is about 200 feet, and the velocity 

is moderate.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge, which is a steel structure of two 

spans of about 125 feet each, with wooden trestles 600 feet long on the left bank and 200 

feet on the right bank. The initial point for soundings is the end of the guard rail of the 

trestle on the left bank,
SANTEE KIVEE, DRAINAGE BASIN. 31

A standard chain gage is located on the downstream side of the bridge, on the span next 

the left bank; length of chain, 45.85 feet. The gage is read once each day by R. N. Cunningham. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) A point on the top surface of the 

downstream end of the first floor beam to the left of the center pier; elevation, 44.64 feet. 

(2) A copper bolt set in a granite bowlder on the right bank of the stream 470 feet from the 

end of the trestle (measured along the railroad track) and 50 feet upstream from the center 

of the track; elevation, 61.44 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv,p68; WS15, p38; 27, p28; 36, p 126; 48, p 147, 65, p 250; 83, p 84; 98, pp 51-52; 

127, pp 32-33,36.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 68; 22, iv, p 159; WS 15, p 38; 36, p 126; 48, p 147; 65, p 250; 83, p 85; 98, p 52; 

127, pp 33, 36.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 20, iv, p 153; 21, iv, p 129; WS 75, p 61; 83, p 86; 98, p 54; 127, p 35.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 50.

Gage heights: WS 11, p 19; 15, p 38; 27, p 39; 36, p 127; 48, p 148; 65, p 251; 83, p 85; 98, pp 52-53; 127, 

p34.

Hydrographs: Ann 20, iv, p 154; 21, iv, p 130; 22, iv, p 159; WS 75,-p 61.

Rating tables: WS27, p46; 39, p 444; 52, p 513; 65, p 320; 83, p86; 98, p53; 127, p 34.

Discharge measurements of Saluda River near Waterloo, 8. C., in 1905.

Date. Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

B. S. Drane.........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

185

192

198

185

185

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

698

838

782

674

595

447

434

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.97

1.97

1.96

1.73

1.8

1.88

1.89

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.87

7.35

7.05

6.32

6.29

5.78

5.66

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,380

1,650

1,532

1,163

1,071

839
32 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

gave, Jicicfnt, In feet, of Saluda Rivfr,near Waterloo, S. C.,for 1905.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.....:........

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jail.

5.6

5.85

5.65

5.55

59

6.8

5.85

5.8

11.0

10.6

8.0

7.2

6.25

6.0

6.05

6.1

6.45

6.3

6.1

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.85

Feb.

5.0

6.1

7.4

8.7

8 5

9.6

12.6

12.6

9.2

7.0

6.9

6.8

14.8

8.6

8.0

7.6

7.4

Mar.

6.5

6.3

6.8

7.2

6.3

7.0

6.8

6.2

6.6

6.2

6.2

6.4

6.3

5.7

6.2

6.3

5.95

Apr.

6.35

6.45

6.3

5.8

5.8

5.65

(\ 7^

5.7

5 95

5.9

May.

6.05

7.4

9.1

8.0

10.2

9.2

9.8

7.4

6.6

6.5

7.1

6.8

6.25

6.65

6.55

6.5

6.45

6.3

7.9

6.65

6.45

June.

6.45

6.0

5.9

4.85

5.1

5.6

5.25

4.7

5.45

5.6

5.55

9.4

7.2

6.35

5.85

5.25

6.85

5.6

5.6

July.

8.8

14.6

15.8

11.2

8.6

9.6

10.8

9.0

7.6

7.2

7.2

10.8

14.2

12.6

9.3

8.2

7.8

7.6

7.2

7.0

6.95

6.2

6.85

5.9

5.75

6.7

6.4

5.4

Aug.

5.5

5. 35

5.55

5. 45

5.5

6.7

5.95

6.9

8.5

8.3

9.4

12.8

12.4

8.8

7.4

10.2

7.4

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.65

6.2

6.25

9.5

6.0

6.25

6.3

5.3

Sept.

6.0

7.4

8.1

6.7

6.5

5.75

6.55

5.5

6.1

6.45

5.45

5.6

5.95

5.65

6.15

5.2

5.85

5.6

5.5

4.6

5.4

5.55

5.45

5.4

5.5

Oct.

5:7

4.75

5.45

5.6

5.6

5.45

5.65

4.85

5.55

5.85

8.1

5.85

5.8

5.5

5.6

5.9

5.55

5.7

5.7

5.65

5.65

6.5

Nov.

5.85

5.55

5.9

5.7

5.45

5.3

5.7

5.8

5.8

5.2

5.7

5.75

5.45

5.75

5.75

5.2

5.5

6.1

5.95

5.9 '

5.0

4.65

4.65

5.2

5.7

Dec.

5. C5

5. C5

8.8

12.8

8.9

7.4

6.35

6. 25

8.6

10.6

8.8

7.9

6.7

6.4

7.0

6.7

6.95

6.8

12.0

15.0

14 7

9.0

8.4

7.9

7.5

6.9

7.7

8.0

7.6

7.6

NOTE. The gage was 

above, the one reading

read only once a day; and as there was a great daily fluctuation, caused by dams 

can not be relied on as giving the mean daily gage height.

Station rating table for Saluda River near Waterlcofrom January 1,1904, to December 31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

200

219

240

262

286

312

340

370

402

436

472

510

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.10

6.20

Discharge.

Second-feef. 

550

592

636

682

730

780

830

880

930

985

1,040

1,095

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.30

6.40

6.50

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

Dischar-ge.

Second-feet. 

1,150

1,205

1,260

1,320

1,380

1,440

1,500

1,560

1,690

1,820

1,960

2,100

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9.80

10.00

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

2,250

2,400

2,560

2,725

2,900

3,085

3,280

3,485

3,700

3,920

4,150

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 5 feet and 7 feet. Above 7 feet the curve is somewhat uncertain. Above gage" 

height 10 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 120 per tenth.
SANTEE EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 33

Estimated monthly discharge of Saluda River near Waterloo, S. C.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,056 square miles.]

Month.

February 6-7, 9-28. . .........................

May.........................................

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,350 

9,910 

1,690 

1,410 

4,390 

3,485 

11,110 

7,510 

2,325 

2,325 

1,625 

10, 150

Minimum.

706 

510 

755 

592 

830 

402 

682 

636 

370 

419 

386 

805

Mean.

1,324 

3,319 

1,191 

971 

1,688 

1,008 

3,447 

2,080 

941 

865 

793 

2,821

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.25 

3.14 

1.13 

.920 

1.60 

.955 

3. 26 

1.97 

.891 

.819 

.751 

2.67

Depth in 

inches.

1.30

2.57 

1.30 

1.03 

1.84 

1.07 

3.76 

2.27 

.994 

.944 

.838 

3.08

,SAI/UDA RIVER NEAR NINETY SIX, S. C.

This is a temporary station, located at the highway bridge' known as Watts Bridge, 

about 6 miles northeast of Ninety Six, S. C. It was established in 1905, in an endeavor to 

find a better measuring section than the one at the Waterloo station.

The channel is slightly curved both above and below the station. Both banks will overflow for 800 to 1,000 feet at highest water, but only an exceptional flood will go beyond the 

abutments of the bridge. The current is swift and somewhat irregular. The bed is partly 

rock.

A temporary gage was read twice each day during a part of November and December, 

1C05. The average of the two daily gage readings is published, but it is doubtful if these 

give the true mean daily gage heights, owing to the stored water above. The bench mark 

is the top of the downstream end of the second-floor beam from the right-bank pier; elevation, 29.00 feet above gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Saluda River near Ninety Six, 8. C., in 1905.

Date.

October 21.....

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall..........................

.....do... ...........................

Width.

Feet. 

156

156

156

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

609

524

4%

Mean 

velocity.

Feet, per 

second.

2.09

2.03

2.13

Gage 

height.

. Feet. 

4.81

3.47

3.34

Dis-'

charge.

Secondfeet.

1,273

1,062

1,057

IRB 168 06 3
STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Saluda River near Ninety Six, S. C.,for 1905.

Day.

1.. ...........

3.............

4.............

8.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

Oct. Nov.

2.9

2.2

2.65

2.9

3.3

2.25

O C

2 9

2.7

Dec.

2.95

7.9

5.7

5.0 

4.4

6.7

7.2

Day.

12............ 

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............ 

19............

20............

21............

Oct. Nov.

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.65

2.6

Dec.

6.6 

5.1

4.7

5.1

4.8

4.4 

4.6

Day.

22............ 

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

31............

Oct.

2.3

2.9

2.9

3.3

3.2

3.2

2.3

3.0

Nov.

2.48 

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.8

2.9 

2.7

2.7

Dec.

8.0

8.0

8.1

4.9

0.4

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements made in Santee River 

drainage basin during 1905:

Green River near Rutherfordton, N. C. A measurement was made April 18, 1905, at Cox 

Bridge, 9 miles from Rutherfordton, N. C. The bench mark is the top of iron plate over 

eyebar over downstream end of first-floor beam from the left end of the bridge; elevation, 

23.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 86 feet; area, 137 square feet; mean velocity, 1.80 feet per second; gage height, 1.08 feet; discharge, 247 second-feet.

Muddy Creek near Bridgewater, N. C. A measurement was made April 19, 1905, at a 

bridge near Bridgewater, N. C. The bench mark is a head of a copper nail driven into the 

top edge of the downstream edge of the floor beam toward the right bank; elevation, 7.00 

feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 58 feet; area, 68 square feet; mean velocity, 1.41 feet per second; gage height, 1.24 feet; discharge, 96 second-feet.

Saluda River at ChappeUs, S. C. A measurement was made June 27, 1905, from the 

upstream side of a wooden highway bridge, about 400 feet from the Southern Railway 

depot at Chappells, S. C. The bench mark is the top of the upstream stringer, 18 feet ironi 

the right end of the bridge; elevation, 31.56 feet above the datum of the assumed gage. 

The discharge of a small channel, which could not be measured, was estimated at 15 secondfeet.

Width, 91 feet; area, 532 square feet; mean velocity, 2.04 feet per second; gage height, 2.26 feet; discharge, 1,083 second-feet.

Saluda River at Columbia, S. C. Measurements were made by R. H. Anderson, in investigating power possibilities at Columbia. He assumed the zero of the gage to be the height 

of the water at the lowest measurement.

Date.

October 10. .................

October 11 ..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.15

.00

1.05

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

760

600

2,400

Date.

Do..... ............... .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0 40

.35

on

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,050

950

Saluda River near Newberry, S. C. Measurements were made from Higgins Ferry Bridge, 

8 miles southwest of Newberry, S. C. The initial point for soundings is the center of the 

downstream tubular pier at the left bank. The bench mark is the top of the downstream
SAVANNAH RIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 35

end of the second iron crossbeam from the left-bank tubular pier; elevation, 29.00 feet 

above the datum of the assumed gage.

March 16: Width, 138 feet; area, 730 square feet; mean velocity, 2.43 feet per second; gage height, 4.05 

feet; discharge, 1,778 second-feet.

October 20: Width, 133 feet; area, 465 square feet; mean velocity, 1.81 feet per second; gage height, 

2.43 feet; discharge, 841 second-feet.

Saluda River near Prosperity, S. C. Measurements were made from the upstream side 

of a new steel bridge 8 miles south of Prosperity and about 1J miles downstream from 

Wise's ferry. The initial point for soundings is the right end of the bridge at the upstream 

side. The bench mark is the top of the upstream end of the first crossbeam from the right 

end of the bridge; elevation, 31.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

March 15: Width, 182 feet; area, 1,163 square feet; mean velocity, 1.71 feet per second; gage height, 

3.35 feet; discharge, 1,986 second-feet.

May 30: Width, 180 feet; area, 860 square feet; mean velocity, 1.70 feet per second; gage height, ^.V4 

feet; discharge, 1,463second-feet.

SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OP BASIK.

Savannah River is formed by the junction of Tugaloo and Seneca rivers, which unite 

about 100 miles above Augusta, Ga. It flows in a southeasterly direction, forming the 

boundary between Georgia and South Carolina, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean near 

Savannah, Ga. It is navigable to Augusta, which is at the fall line.

Seneca River is formed by the junction of Little and Keowee rivers, about 5 miles northeast of Seneca, S. C. Both of these tributaries rise in the Blue Ridge in North Carolina 

and the northwestern part of South Carolina.

Tugaloo River is formed by the junction of Chattooga and Tallulah rivers, which join 

at the west corner of Oconee County, S. C. It flows in a southeasterly direction, and is a 

part of the boundary between Georgia and South Carolina. Chattooga River rises in Jackson 

County, N. C., and flows in a southwesterly direction along the boundary between Georgia 

and South Carolina. Tallulah River rises in Macon County, N. C., and the northwestern 

part of Rabun County, Ga., and flows in a southeasterly direction. Parts of its course are 

cut through solid rock for hundreds of feet, forming canyons and steep bluffs. Throughout 

its entire length the fall is very great, and at Tallulah Falls the stream drops more than 500 

feet in a short distance.

Broad River joins the Savannah at the southeast corner of Elbert County, Ga. It rises 

in Habersham and Bank counties and flows in a southeasterly direction to the southeast 

corner of Madison County, Ga., where South Fork joins it. Thence it flows east to Savannah 

River. Its drainage is from a rolling country, and there is a considerable amount of fall 

at various points. At Anthony Shoals the fall is more than 50 feet in a sho^t distance. 

Above Augusta, Ga., there is much fall, which can be developed for water power. With 

exception of the large plant at Augusta, very little of this is being used.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this drainage during 1905-

TALLULAH RIVEK AT TALLULAH FALLS, GA.

This station was originally established August 29, 1900, by M. R. Hall, and records of 

gage heights were obtained until October 19, 1900. The record was resumed January 18, 

1901, and maintained until December 31, 1901. The station was reestablished July 10, 

1904, when bench marks were determined and regular gage readings begun. The station 

is located at the wagon bridge about one-fourth mile above the falls and about the same 

distance from the village of Tallulah Falls, Ga.

The channel is nearly straight for 300 feet above and 200 feet below the station. The 

current is swift. Both banks are high, wooded, rocky bluffs and are not subject to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of rock and is rough and permanent. There is but 

one channel at all stages,
36 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Discharge measurements are made from the iron wagon bridge, which has a single span of 

100 feet and rests on timber piers. The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge 

on the upstream side at the left bank.

The original gage is a vertical rod, spiked to a small maple tree on the left bank of the 

river about 50 feet above the bridge. June 21, 1905, a 5-foot rod gage was fastened vertically to the solid rock on the right bank 25 feet above the bridge. The datum is the same 

as that of the original gage. The gage is read once each day by J. T. McKay, who is paid 

by the Georgia Geological Survey. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top 

of a large rock on the right bank, about 30 feet above the bridge; elevation, 7.50 feet. (2) 

A copper plug set in the solid rock on the right bank, about 7 feet to the right of the new 

gage and 27 feet upstream from the upper edge of the bridge; elevation, 7.05 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 48, p 148; 65, p 251; 127, pp 37-38. 

Discharge: 48, p 148; 65, p 251; 98, p 71; 127, p 38. 

Discharge, monthly: 75, p 62; 127, p 39. 

Gage heights: 48, p 148; 65, p 252; 127, p 38. 

Rating tables: 52, p 513; 65, p 320; 127, p 39.

Discharge measurements ofTallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

May 11........

Mflv 97

May 28........

June 21...... .

June 22...... .

July 18........

July 18........

October 24....

Hydrographer.

W.E.Hall...........................

W. E. Hall..........................

.....do...............................

A. T. Mitchelson ....................

.....do...............................

Hall and Hoyt ......................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

Width.

Feet. 

60

58

60

60

60

(JO

61

57

56

56

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

419

428

410

406

388

412

421

424

389

340

339

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.12

1.41

1.64

1.68

.97

1.50

1.67

1.60

.81

.67

.58

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.70

1.83

2.10

2.10

1.34

1.77

2.08

2.08

1.15

.89

.82

' Discharge.

Secondfeet.

471

605

673

681

375

621

705

683

317

228

198
SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 37

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1....

2....

0

4....

5....

6....

7....

g

10....

11....

12....

13....

14....

15....

16....

17....

18.-..

19

20....

21....

22. ...

23. ...

24. ...

25. ...

26. ...

27....

28. ...

29. . . .

30. . . .

31....

Statio

f

Jan.

1.1 

1.0 

1.0

g

.9 

1.0 

1.8

1.3 

1.1 

1.0 

1.1 

6.5 

3.2 

2.3

1.9

1.6

1.5 

1.4 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.2 

1.3 

1.3 

1.1 

1 i

g

......... 1.0

Feb.

1.2 

1.1 

1.1

1.2

1.2 

1.5

1.8 

2.7 

2.5 

2.3 

2.1 

3.2 

2.3

2.1

1 R

1.7 

1.5 

1.4 

2.5 

3.3 

3.0 

2.7 

2.4 

2.2 

2.0 

2.0

1.9

Mar.

1.8 

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.6 

1.7 

1.7

1.8 

3.5 

2.8 

2.3 

2.0 

1.8 

2.8

1.7 

1.7

.1-7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.7

2.0 

1.9 

1.7 

1.7 

1.8 

1.7

1.7 

1.6 

1.6

Apr.

1.6 

1.6

1.8 

1.6 

1.7

1.7 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.6 

1.6 

1.7

1.7

1 G

1.7 

1.7 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.6 

1.6 

1.7

1 R

1.7

1.6 

1-9

May.

1.7 

1.6

1 8

2.1

2.0 

2.9 

2.9

2.2 

2.1 

1.8 

1.7 

1.6 

1.6

1.7

3

1

2.3 

2.0 

1.8 

1.6 

1.6 

1.8 

2.3 

2.5 

1.8 

1.9 

1.4

1.3

1.4 

1.2

June.

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.2 

1.2

1.4 

1.3 

1.3 

1.4 

1.3 

1.2 

1 2

1.3

1.4

1.3 

1.4 

1.6 

1.7 

1.6 

1.8 

1.5 

1.3 

1.3 

1.2 

1 2

1.2

1.3 

1.4

July.

3.5 

1.9 

1.4

1 G

2.0 

4.2 

1.3

1.7 

1.6 

1.7 

3.5 

4.6 

3.4 

4 4

Aug.

1.4 

1.4

1 3

1 ^

1.4 

1.4 

1.3

2.3 

2.1 

2.2 

2.5 

2.6 

2.5 

2.6

3.0 2.0 

24 18

2.3 

2.1 

2.0 

2.1 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

1.6 

1.7

1.6

1.6 

1.4 

1.4

1.7 

1.7 

1.5 

1.6. 

1.5 

1.4 

1.5 

1.4 

1.5 

1.5 

1.4

1.4

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

Sept.

1.1 

1.1

g

 .9 

1.1 

1.0

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

.9

1.1 

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.9 

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.9 

.9 

.8

.8

.8 

.9

Oct.

0.8 

.9 

.9

1.1

.9 

.9

.8

.8 

1.1 

1.2 

3.1 

1.5 

1.3

1

-1

1.1

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.9 

.9 

1.4

1 Q

1.2

1.0 

.9 

.9

Nov.

0.9 

.9 

.9

.9

1.0 

.9 

.9

.9 

.9 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

.8

.9 

.9 

.9 

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.8 

.9 

1.0 

1.0

.8

.8 

.9

Dec.

0.9 

1.0 

4.5

2 9

2.5 

1.3 

1.2

1.4 

4.7 

2.8 

2.1 

1.8 

1.6 

1.6

1.7 

1.6

1.7 

1.5 

1.5 

2.3 

2.1 

2.0 

2.4 

2.4 

2.5 

2.4

2.1

1.9 

1.7 

1.8

n rating table for Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Ga.,from July 15, 1904, to December 31, 1905.

Gage, 

height.

Feet. 

.0.40 

.50 

.60 

.70 

.80 

.90 

1.00

Discharge. ^

Second-feet. Feet. 

125 1.10 

145 1.20 

165 I 1.30 

185 1.40 

210 1. 50 

235 1. 60 

260 1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

290 

320 

355 

395 

435 

480 

525

hSgSt. Ms^rge.

Feet. Second-feet. 

1.80 575 

1.90 630 

2. 00 685 

2. 10 740 

2. 20 800 

2. 30 860 

2. 40 930

height. (jftge "Hi discharge. «^h Q rtrp

Feet. Second-feet 

2.50 1,000 

2.60 1,070 

2.70 1,145 

2.80 1,220 

2.90 1,300 

3.00 1,380

The above table is based on 23 discharge measurements made during 1904-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 0.4 foot and 2 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above 

3 feet gage height the discharge has been estimated.
38 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Estimated monthly discharge ofTallulah River at TaUulah Fatts, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 191 square miles.]

Month.

April. .......................................

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet."

Maximum.

4,360 

1,635 

1,805 

630 

1,465 

575 

2,740 

1,070 

290 

' 1, 465 

260 

2,825

4,360

Minimum.

235 

290 

435 

395 

290 

290 

355 

290 

210 

210 

210 

235

210

Mean.

526 

744 

649 

490 

650 

369 

900 

537 

' 254 

312 

230 

793

538

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.75 

3.90 

3.40 

2.57 

3.40 

1.93 

4.71 

2.81 

1.33 

1.63 

1.20 

4.15

2.82

Depth in

inches.

3.17 

4.06 

3.92

2.87 

3.92 

2.15 

5.43 

3.24 

1.48 

1.88 

1.34 

4.78

38.24

TTJGALOO RIVER JfBAR MADISON, S. C.

This station was originally established July 19, 1898, at Cooks Ferry and was discontinued December 31, 1901, when the ferry was moved. It was reestablished July 7, 1903, 

by M. R. Hall, at Holcombs Ferry, 1 mile west of Madison, S. C., and 900 feet below the 

Southern Railway bridge. This station is about 1J miles above the point where the old 

station was located.

The bed of the river is sandy and the current is moderately swift. The channel is about 

160 feet wide and is fairly uniform in width and general appearance for some distance, 

being straight for 1,000 feet or more both above and below the station. The banks are 

both moderately high, but will overflow for about 200 feet on the right bank and 250 feet 

on the left. Both are open and cultivated except for a few trees along the edge of the river. 

These conditions make it possible to obtain fairly good float measurements at the time of 

floods.

Discharge measurements are made from the ferryboat, or a small boat which is held 

in place by a cable stretched across the river. The initial point for soundings is the land 

side of the windlass used for stretching the cable; it is located on the right bank. Distances are measured along the hand line which is used to pull the boat across the river.

The gage consists of a vertical timber in three sections. The first section reads from 1 

to 16 feet and is attached to a sycamore tree on the left bank, about 30 feet above the ferry 

landing. The second section reads from 16 to 22 feet and is attached to a sycamore tree 

on the left bank, about 18 feet above the ferry landing. The third section reads from 21 

to 31 feet and is fastened to a locust tree on the left bank at the forks of the road, about 

175 feet from the ferry landing. The gage is read once each day by T. A. Spencer. Bench 

marks were established as follows: (1) A nail in a willow tree on the right bank, 20 feet 

below the ferry landing; elevation, 7 feet. (2) Two large nails in the locust tree to which 

the third section of the gage is fastened; elevation, 22 feet. (3) A copper plug set in solid 

rock on the north side of the railroad 10| feet from the north rail and about 400 feet east 

of the east end of the" Southern Railway bridge; elevation, 44.27 feet. (4) Geological 

Survey standard bronze tablet marked "666 Atlanta" on the right-bank pier of the Southern Railway bridge; elevation, 35.37 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage. 

Bench mark No. 4 is 665.47 feet above sea level.
SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 89

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS Water-Supply Paper).

Description: WS27,p28; 36, pp 127-128; 48, p 149; 65, p 252; 98, pp 67-68; 127, pp 39-40.

Discharge: WS36,pl28; 48, p 149; 65, p 252; 98, p 68; 127, p 40.

Disebargp. monthly: Ann 20. iv, p 162; 21, iv, p 131; 22, iv, p 160; WS 75, p 63; 98, p 69;127,pp 42.

Gage heights: WS 27, p 40; 36, p 128; 48, p 149; 65, p 253; 98, p 69; 127, p 41.

Hydrographs: Ann20,iv, p!62; 21,iv,pl31; 22, iv, p 160.

Rating tables: WS 27, p 46; 39, p 444; 52, p 513; 65, p 320; 98, p 69; 127, p 41.

Discharge measurements ofTugaloo River near Madison, 8. C., in 1905.

Date.

March7. ......

March 20 ......

March 21 ......

May 1 .........

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do.......... ...................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width

Feet. 

165

163

163

163

164

151

160

160

160

Area of 

section .

Square 

feet.

 584

585

691

731

596

458

445

43o

373

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.26

2.13

2.25

2.46

2.12

1.91

2.18

2.03

1.72

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.38

3.25

3.75

4.00

3.31

2.56

2.78

2.66

2.13

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,317

1,243

1,552

1,795

1,264

874

970

880

641

Daily gage height, in feet, ofTugaloo River near Madison, S. C.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6 .............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11 ..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

IS..............

13..............

£0..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.9

4.4

2.8

2.4

2.4

2.3

11.8

8.7

5.3

4.0

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.0

2.1

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.4

Feb.

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.2

3.2

4.0

3.4

7.3

6.6

4.9

4.5

7.9

5.8

4.8 

4.0

3.9

3.5

3.3

7.1

9.5

6.9

'5.9

5.1

4.7

4.4

4.1

4.0

Mar.

3.8

3.6

3.5

.3.4

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.3

4.6

5.1

4.3

4.0

4.0

3.7 

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.5

4.1

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

Apr.

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.9

3.1

2.9

2.95

3.5

3.2

3.0 

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.7

3.5

S.3

3.0

4.0

May.

3.4

3.1

3.5

4.5

4.1

5.8

6.2

5.0

4.6

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.2 

5.9

4.6

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.5

6.2

6.6

4.5

4.3

4.9

5.4

4.6

4.1

3.0

June.

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3-1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

r.7

2.9 

3.4

3.6

3.1

2.9

3.2

3.4

3.8

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.65

2.6

15.0

July.

21.5

7.1

4.9

4.1

4.8

4.7

4.8

4.1

4.0

4.0

7.7

14.0

10.3

14.5

8.0 

6.7

6.0

5.3

5.3

5.3

4.7

4.5

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.5

Aug.

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

d.3

3.5

3.3

4.5

4.6

6.2

6.7

6.4

0.8

6.0

5.3 

4.7

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.9

3.8

4.0

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

Sept.

3.0

3.8

3.7

3 9

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.85

2.75

2.7

2.75

2.9

2.7

2.6 

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

Oct.

2.35

2.35

2.3

3.2

2.6

2.4

2,35

2.3

2.3

2.4

7.4

4.0

3.5

2.6

2.6 

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.3

2.35

2.3

2.35

2.9

2.7

2..'i

2.45

2.4

2.4

Nov.

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.2 

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.55

2.35

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.25

2.15

2.15

2.2

Dee.

2.2

2.1

12.3

5.2

3.7

3.1

2.85

2.8

12.6

7.0

5.0

4.2

3.8

3.5

3.9 

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.4

7.0

 5.2

4.4

4.6

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.5

4.5

3.9

3.6
STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating tablf for Tugaloo River near Madison, 8. C.,from January 1 to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40'

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

600

640

680

725

770

820

870

925

980

1,035

1,095

1,155

1,215

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

t 3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10'

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,275

1,340

1,405

1,470

1,540

1,610

1,680

1,755

1,830

1,910

1,990

2,070

2,155

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,240

2,325

2,410

2,500

2,590

2,680

2,770

2,860

2,960

3,060

3,160

3,260

3,360

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,460

3,560

3,760

3,960

4,160

4,360

4,560

4,780

5,000

5,220

5,440

5,660

The above table is based on 10 discharge measurements made during 1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 2 feet and 4 feet. Above 4 teet the table is unce ta,in, the high water estini-.t,<^ 

being rough approximations. Above gage height 8 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference 

being 120 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge ofTugaloo River near Madison, S. C.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 593 square miles.]

Month.

April........................................

May.........................................

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,220 

7,460 

2,680 

1,755 

4,160 

14,060 

21,860 

4,360 

1,610 

5,000 

845 

11, 180

21,860

Minimum.

520 

680 

1,095 

898 

1,155 

870 

1,405 

1,095 

725 

725 

640 

640

520

Mean.

1,442 

2,494 

1,466 

1,107 

2,087 

1,572 

4,025 

1,986 

942 

996 

704 

2,414

1,770

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.43 

4.21 

2.47 

1.87 

3.52 

2.65 

6.79 

3.35 

1.59 

1.68 

1.19 

4.07

2.98

Depth in 

inches.

2.80 

4.38 

2.85 

2.09 

4.06 

2.96 

7.83 

3.86 

1.77 

1.94 

1.33 

4.69

40.56

SAVAN^TAH RIVER AT WOODLAWN, 8. C,

This station was established November 9, 1905, by M. R. Hall. It is located at the 

Charleston and Western Carolina Eailway bridge, 1,000 feet from the depot at Woodlawn, 

S. C., 17 miles above Augusta, Ga., and 10 miles above the Augusta water-power dam.

The flow of the river is almost natural at this point, being affected very slightly by stored 

water mostly from Seneca River. The river is divided by a low island into two channels. 

The east channel is the main part of the river, as there is very little water flowing in the 

west channel at ordinary stages and probably none at the lowest stage. The channel is 

practically straight at the station. The left bank is high and will not overflow except 

under the short trestle approach. The island and the bank for a short distance west of the
SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 41

west channel will overflow. The current is swift, and is good in the greater part of the 

section at low water, but at places it is broken and irregular or is sloping with the direction of 

the section. The bed of the stream is mostly rock, the considerable roughness of which 

causes' the irregularities in the current above mentioned. Careful measurements should 

give good results at this station.

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the railroad .bridge, which 

is in four spans over the east channel and a single span over the west channel. Across 

the island between the two channels there is about 900 feet of wooden trestle.

The present gage is a vertical rod attached to a timber which is driven into the bed of the 

river and spiked to a tree on the left bank about 40 feet upstream from the bridge. It is 

read twice each day by M. A. Palmore. The bench mark is the top of the upstream end of 

the second floor beam from the left end of the bridge; elevation, 37.00feet above the datum 

of the gage.

Discharge measurements of Savannah River at Woodlawn, S. ., in 1905.

Date. Hydrographer.

M. R . Hall ........ .....:......'......

Width.

Feet. 

409

417

Area oi 

section.

Square 

feet.

2,116

2,203

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.52

1.39

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.49

3.31

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

3, 216

3,066

Daily gage height, in feet, of Savannah River at Woodlawn, S. C.,for 1905.

Day.

1....... ........

2........:......

3...............

4..... .........

5...............

C. ..............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

Nov.

3.55

0 EC

4.1

Dec.

3.65

3.6

5.9

12.1

9.2

6.2

5.0

4.6

5.4

11.6

9.4

1 Day.

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

Nov.

4.1

3.45

3.55

3.5

3.45

3.45

3.5

3.3

3.4

Dec.

6.9

5.6

5.4

5.8

0.2

5.9

5.3

5.0

7.2

15.5

Day.

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

2(i. .............

27..............

28

29..............

11

Nov.

4.0

3.75

3.55

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.75

3.7

Dec.

14.0

9.8

7.3

6:3

5.8

5.. 4

5.4

7.8

7.3

6.2

SAVANNAH RIVER AT AUGUSTA, GA.

Observations of river heights have been maintained since 1875 by the city of Augusta, 

Ga., at the city highway bridge.

The channel is straight for a long distance, above and below the bridge and is about 560 

feet wide at low water. The banks are high, but will overflow at times under a part of the 

length of the approaches and, at very high stages, for a long distance on either side of the 

river beyond the ends of the bridge. The bed of the stream is sandy and undergoes considerable change. The current is swift.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the North Augusta 

bridge at Thirteenth street in the city of Augusta. This bridge consists of three spans, 

each 208 feet long, with 319 feet of wooden approach on the right bank and 259 feet on the 

left. The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge at the right bank on the downstream side.

The gage, located at the Fifth Street Bridge, 1 mile below the measuring station, is a 

vertical timber fastened to the first bridge pier which is in the water, on the side of the pier
STREAM MEASUREMENTS IK 1905, PART IV.

near the upstream corner, facing the right bank. Readings are made four times each day 

by J. M. Youngblood, keeper of the city bridge, usually at 6 a. m., 12 m., 6 p. m., and 9 p. m. 

The 6 a. m. readings are those used by the Weather Bureau, but in the publications of the 

United States Geological Survey since 1900 the average of all four of the daily readings is 

used and is reduced to feet and tenths of a foot. The zero of the gage is the datum of all the 

city levels, and any city bench mark can therefore be used. A point is established on the 

North Augusta bridge from which to measure down with a steel tape. This is the top of th^ 

plate through which the top pipe of the bridge fencing passes, which is riveted to the right 

side of the intermediate post at the downstream end of the third floor beam from the 

right-bank end of the bridge, and at ordinary stages it is 55.00 feet above water, less the 

reading of the gage.

The United States Weather Bureau has published the results of its observations in a 

volume entitled "Stages of Water at River Stations," as follows: Those for 1875 to 1889 

are given in part 3, those for 1890 to 1892 in part 4, and those for 1893 to 1895 in part 5.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; Bull=Bulletin; WS=WaterSupply Paper):

Description: Ann 14, ii, p 147; 18, iv, p 75; Bull 140, pp 72-73; WS 27, pp 28-31; 36, p 130; 48, p 150; 65, p

254; 83, pp 87-88; 98, p 57; 127, pp 42-43.

Discharge: Ann 19, iv, p 227; WS 27, p 44; 36, p 131; 48, p 150; 65, p 254; 83, p 88; 98, p 58; 127, p 43. 

Discharge, flood: Ann 14, ii, p 149. 

Discharge, monthly: Ann 14, ii, pp 147-148; 18, iv, pp 76-77; 20, iv, pp 160, 165; 21, iv, 135; 22, iv, p 162;

WS 27, p 30; 75, p 64; 83, p 89; 68, p 59; 127, p 45. 

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, pp 50, 51.

Gage heights: Bull 140, p 73; WS 27, pp 41-42; 36, p 131; 48, p 151; 65, p 255; 83, p 88; 98, p 58; 127, p 44. 

Hydrographs: Ann 20, iv, p 165; 21, iv, p 135; 22, iv, p 162; WS 75, p 64. 

Rating tables: WS 27, p 29; 39, p 444; 52, p 513; 65, p 320, 83, p 89; 98, p 59; 127, p 45.

Discharge measurements of Savannah River at Augusta, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

April 12. .......

Hydrographer.

M.R. Hall... ........................

M. R. Hall. ..........................

.....do ..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

528

533

532

563

531

526

Area oi 

section.

Square 

feet. 

3,306

3,480

2,961

4,392

3,155

2,603

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second. 

1.61

1.68

1.72

2.25

1.65

1.68

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.72

8.04

7.35

10.10

7.78

6.70

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

5,333

5,867

5,092

9,882

5,204

4,3C5
SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Savannah River at Augusta, 6a.,for 1905.

43

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

(i. .............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

is.........:....

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

<il

Jan.

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.5

8.6

8.8

8.0

7.7

7.7

12.0

17.9

H.2

10.8

9.2

8.7

8.4

8.2

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.0

7.7

7.5

7.2

7.0

6.8

7.2 

7.2

Feb.

7.2

7.1

. 7.2

7.0

7.2

7.1

7 Q

9.0

13.4

16.9

17.2

16.4

23.5

25.3

20.9

16.3

12.5

10.8

10.2

10.1

18.0

23.5

20.2

15.fi

12.4

11.4

10.7

9.7

Mar.

9.6

9.4

9.1

8.8

8.6

9.0

8.1

8.2

8.5

8.5

8.7

10.6

12.3

9.8

9.9

9.3

8.9

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.7

9.0

8.6

8.2

8.4

8.4

7.6

7.6

7.8 

7.5

Apr.

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.8

8.1

8.2

7.4

7.7

8.3

7.9

8.5

8.8

8.4

8.2

8.2

7.3

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.1

6.9

6.rf

6.9

7.0

7.0

7.3

7.7

9.2

May.

6.6

8.6

8.3

10.9

12.3

11.0

11.5

18.1

15.0

12.1

10.0

9.0

8.3

7.9

7.9

7.8

7.9

9.4

8.2

7.6

7.4

7.8

8.4

14.6

14.2

11.4

9.7

9.5

9.6

9.4

8 7

June.

8.1

7.9

7.7

7.1

7.2

7.2

7.0

7.1

6.8

6.6

6.2

6.7

6.4

6.6

7.4

7.6

7.4

7.7

7.8

7.5

7.1

7.1

7.8

7.8

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.6

6.8

6.5

July.

11.3

22.6

20.2

12.3

9.6

9.5

13.1

12.1

10.4

9.3

8.1

11.5

18.4

20.7

16.5

13.1

11.1

9.3

9.5

9.3

9.1

8.4

7.6

7.9

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.3

7.6

7.7

7 Q

Aug.

6.8

6.9

7.0

6.9

6.7

6.4

6.7

7.3

9.1

11.1

9.3

12.6

13.8

13.3

10.6

9.5

9.6

9.4

8.8

8.5

8.5

7.8

7.9

8.7

9.2

10.9

10.5

9.0

8.1

7.7 

7.2

Sept.

7.1

7.0

9.2

9.5

8.2

7.6

7.1

6.9

6.8

6.5

6.8

6.6

6.3

6.6

7.0

6.7

5.9

6.5

6.3

5.6

6.2

6.1

6.1

5.4

5.8

5.7

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.2

Oct.

5.0

5.8

5.3

5.6

6.4

7.5

6.6

5.4

6.0

5.8

6.3

6.6

9.8

7.9

6.7

6.8

 6.5

6.5

6.4

6.5

6.0

5.8

6.5

5.8

6.1

5 9

5.J

6.1

6.5

6.4 

6.1

Nov.

6.2

6.1

6.1

5.9

6.0

6.3

6.1

5.6

6.2

6.1

6.4

7.6

7.2

6.5

6.3

6.4

6.3

6.2

5.6

6.2

6.1

6.5

7.0

6.4

6.4

5.4

6.5

6.3

6.4

6.3

Dec.

6.3

6.1

8.1

20.6

20.3

12.6

9.3

8.4

9.4

19.0

18.2

14.0

10.6

9.4

9.9

11.2

10.4

9.6

9.1

10.2

27.«

27.5

21.5

16.2

12.4

10.8

9.8

9.7

14.3

14.0 

12.9

NOTE. The gage-height records can be considered as only approximately representing the mean daily 

heights.
44 STREAM MEASUREMENTS , 1905, PART .IV.

Station rating table for Savannah River at Augusta, Ga.,from January 1 to December 31,1905.

Gage 

height. ,

Feet.

5.00

5.10

'5.20

5.30

 5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

'5.80

5.90

6.00

6.10

6.20

6.30

6.40

6.50

6.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,650

2,725

2,800

2,880

2,960

3,045

3,130

3,220

3, 310

3,400

3,495

3,590

3,690

3,790

3,890

3,990

4,090

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.10

7.20

7.30

7.40

7.50

7.60

' 7.70

7.80

7.90

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

4,190

4,300

4,410

4,520

4,630

4,740

4,860

4,980

5,100

5,220

5,340

5,470

5,600

5,740

6,050

6,400

6,800

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9.80

10.00

10.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

7,200

7,600

8,000

8,400

8,800

3,200

9,600

10,000

10. 40 10, 400

10.60

10.80

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00

10,800

11,200

11,600

12, 650

13,700

14, 750

15,800

Gage 

heigh^.

Feet.

13.50

14.00

'15. 00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

26.00

27.00

28.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

16,850

17, 900

20,100

22, 400

24,800

27,500

30,100

33,300

36,900

41,000

45,800

52,000

60,000

68,800

77, 600

86,400

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1902-1905. It is fairly well defined 

between gage heights 6.6 feet and 13 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above gage 

height 8.3 feet the table,is the same as that of 1903.

Estimated monthly discharge of Savannah River at Augusta, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 7,294 square miles.]

Month.

May. .......................... .... ... .

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

25,800 

62,640 

14,330 

8,000 

27,580 

5,890 

43,880 

17,480 

8,600 

9,200 

5,220 

82,880

82,880

Minimum.

4,300 

4,520 

5,100 

4,410 

4,090 

3,690 

4,860 

3,890 

2,800 

2,650 

2,960 

3,590

2,650

Mean.

7,075 

18,780 

7,275 

5,416 

9,764 

4,704 

12,620 

7,745 

4,218 

3,916 

3,789 

19,270

8,714

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.970 

2.57 

.997 

.743 

1.34 

.645 

1.73 

1.06 

.578 

.537 

.519 

2.64

1.19

Depth in 

inches.

1.12 

2.68 

1.15 

.829 

1.54 

.7:0 

1.99 

1.22 

.645 

.619 

.579 

3.04

16.13

CHAIIGA RIVER NEAR MADISON, S. C.

A station was established on Chauga River at Bryan wagon bridge, 2 miles east of 

Madison and 1 mile above the mouth of the river, by M. R. Hall, and measurements were 

made during 1900 and 1901, in connection with the old station on Tugaloo River at Cook's 

ferry, near Madison. When the Tugaloo River station was reestablished in 1903 the 

Chauga River station was also reestablished for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous measurements.

The channel is straight for about 500 feet above the station; below it is curved for about 

50 feet and then straight. The current is swift. The right bank is high, clean, and liable
SAVANNAH ETVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

to overflow during freshets. The left bank is high, rocky, wooded, and is not subject to 

overflow. Floods can not be measured, as high water goes over the bridge.

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the single-span wooden 

bridge. The bridge is supported by log cribs which are filled with rock and anchored to 

bed rock. The initial point for soundings is the top of the anchor bolt in the upstream 

corner of the right-bank abutment.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench marks. No. 1 is the top of the 

downstream guard rail 7 feet from the right bank; elevation, 10.00 feet. No. 2 is a large 

nail driven horizontally into the -center of the downstream end of the lowest cross log of 

the right-bank crib abutment; elevation, 4.50 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of 

the assumed gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 127, p. 46. 

Discharge: 98, p. 70; 127, p. 46.

Discharge measurements ofChauga River near Madison, S. 0., in 1905.

Date.

May 1 .........

June 29........

Hydrographer.

A. T. Mitchelson. ...................

Width.

Feet, 

41

38

Area ot 

section.

Square 

feet.

78

67

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second. .

.1.74

1.55

Gage 

height.

. Feet. 

1.23

.97

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

136

104

SENECA RIVER NEAR CLEMSON COLLEGE, S. C.

This station was established as a regular station December 8, 1903, by M. R. Hall, at 

which time a standard chain gage and the bench marks were established. A vertical gage 

had been put in July 19, 1903, and records obtained from it for a portion of the time. Both 

gages are referred to the same datum. The station is located at the highway bridge about 

3 miles south of Clemson College, ,S. C., and about 300 feet up the river from the crossing of 

the Blue Ridge Railroad.

At ordinary stages the channel is about 150 feet wide. The right bank is high and will 

not overflow, but the left bank will overflow for a considerable width at a gage height of 

about 23 feet. The bed of the river is sandy. The current is moderate; At low stages 

there is a daily fluctuation of about 1 foot in the gage heights, caused by the operations of 

water powers above.

The standard chain gage is located on the lower chord on the downstream side of the 

bridge; length of chain, 31.82 feet. The vertical gage is in 5-foot sections, fastened to the 

iron braces between the cylinders of the right-bank pier. Both gages are in good condition, 

except that mud accumulates at the lower end of the vertical gage. The gage is read twice 

each day by M. L. Sanders. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the 

upstream cylinder of the right-bank pier at a point marked ('B. M." by chisel cuts; elevation, 28.95 feet. (2) A copper plug set in rock on the right bank under the railroad bridge, 

and about 20 feet to the right of the center pier; elevation, 10.27 feet. (3) A bench cut on 

the root of a hickory tree at the fork of the roads, about 100 feet from the right-bank end 

of the bridge; elevation, 30.52 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 98, pp 65-66; 127, pp 46-47. 

Discharge: 98, p 66; 127, pp 47-48. 

Discharge, monthly: 98, p 67; 127, p 49. 

Gage heights: 98, p 66; 127, p 48. 

Rating table: 98, p 67; 127, p 49.
46 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C., in 1905.

March 8....... 

March 20. ......

May 1.........

J. M. Giles......................... 

.....do.............................

.....do.............................

.....do.............................

Feet 

14 

14

14

14

14

14

Square

feet.

6 538 

« 540 

 8 474 

9 591 

9 - 489 

9 462

Feet per 

second.

2.03 

1.89 

1.88 

2.04 

2.05 

2.16

Feet. 

3.75 

3.60 

3.43 

4.09 

3.59 

3.69

Secondfeel..

1,093 

1,023 

890 

1,204 

996 

1,000

Daily gage height, in feet, of Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Jan.

2.6 

2.55 

2.7 

2.65 

3.0 

2.45 

5.0 

3.5 

3.3 

3.1 

2.8 

12.2 

12.0 

6.5 

4.6 

4.2 

4.3 

4.2 

3.9 

4.2 

4.0 

4.1 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

2.95 

3.1 

2.75 

2.55 

3.1 

3.0

Feb.

2.95 

3.1 

2.95 

3.1 

3.3 

3.5 

4.2 

5.1 

8.8 

7.5 

6.0 

6. 3 

10.3 

7.2 

5.4 

4.5 

4.7 

4.3 

4.0 

6.2 

11.2 

8.0 

6.1 

5.4 

5.2 

5.0 

4.6 

4.2

Mar.

4.7 

4.3 

4.4 

4.1 

4.1 

4.2 

4.1 

3.4 

4.0 

4.2 

4.4 

4.2 

4.5 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3. 6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.7 

3.7 

3.1 

3.2 

3.3 

3.5 

3.5 

3.2 

3.1 

3.0

Apr.

3.1 

3.2 

3.1 

3.0 

3.4 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.4 

2.9 

3.0 

2.8 

3.2 

2.85 

3.1 

3.2 

3.2 

2.8 

2.85 

3.0 

2.85 

2.95 

2.7 

2.8 

2.75 

3.2 

2.7 

3.0 

2.95 

3.6

May.

3.4 

3.4 

4.3 

6.6 

6.0 

5.6 

7.4 

5.2 

5.2 

4.0 

3.1 

2.9 

2.8 

3.4 

3.4 

3.9 

3.0 

3.1 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

4.5 

5.4 

6.4 

4.2 

4.6 

5.4 

4.2 

4.6 

4.8 

4.2

June.

3.6 

3.6 

3.4 

3.4 

3.2 

3.2 

3.2 

3.2 

2.95 

3.0 

3.2 

3.1 

3.1 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.2 

3.6 

3.4 

3.7 

4.4 

4.6 

4.0 

3.6 

3.2 

3.0 

2.8 

2.85 

2.9 

4.0

July.

16.5 

12.7 

5.6 

4.6 

6.4 

6.4 

5.5 

4.8 

4.2 

4.5 

8.2 

16.2 

13.9 

13.5 

8.6 

6.0 

5.3 

5.1 

3.5 

3.1 

3.3 

4.2 

4.2 

4.2 

4.2 

4.0 

4.3 

3.6 

4.2 

3.7 

4.0

Aug.

3.4 

3.0 

3.0 

3.1 

4.4 

3.6 

3.8 

3.5 

6.4 

4.2 

11.0 

8.6 

6.9 

5.4 

6.0 

6.2 

5.9 

5.2 

5.1 

4.6 

4.6 

4.5 

4.6 

4.2 

6.5 

7.1 

4.6 

4.1 

3.8 

3.8 

3.4

Sept.

3.4 

4.1 

3.6 

4.2 

4.3 

4.2 

3.4 

3.3 

3.4 

3.2 

3.3 

3.1 

3.4 

3.5 

3.2 

2.85 

3.4 

3.2 

3.4 

3.0 

3.0 

2.85 

3.2 

3.6 

3.2 

3.0 

3.1 

2.9 

2.4 

2.45

Oct. Nov.

2.25 

2.3 

3.3 

3.8 

3.0 

2.65 

2.65 

2.7 

2.4 

2.6 

11.1 

7.0 

4.4 

2.6 

2.95 

3.1 

3.1 

3.0 

3.0 

2.75 

2.75 

2.95 

2.95 

2.95 

2.95 

3.2 

3.2 

3.2 

2.9 

2.95 

2.95

3.0 

2.95 

2.85 

2.75 

2.75 

2.75 

2.65 

2.6 

2.6 

2.5 

2.6 

2.7 

2.75 

2.75 

2.45 

2.5 

2.5 

2.55 

2.75 

3.6 

3.0 

2.95 

2.85 

2.65 

2.75 

2.45 

3.0 

2.75 

2.35 

2.35

Dec.

2.6 

2.65 

16.0 

8.2 

5.4 

4.7 

4.0 

4.4 

13.0 

8.6 

6.4 

5.4 

5.1 

4.7 

6.6 

6.5 

4.6 

4.2 

4.2 

4.2 

9.6 

6.2 

5.2 

6.0 

6.1 

5.8 

5.5 

5.0 

5.0 

5.1 

5.8
SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 47

Station rating table for Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C., from January 1, 1904, to

December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

285

310

336

363

391

420

450

481

512

544

577

610

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

644

678

713

749

785

822

859

897

936

975

1,015

1,055

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,096

1,138

1,180

1,222

1,265

1,308

1,351

1,395

1,440

1,485

1,530

1,575

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,620

1,720

1,820

1,920

2,020

2,120

2,230

2,340

2,450

2,560

2,670

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is fairly well defined 

between gage heights 1.4 feet and 6 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above 7 

feet,the discharge is estimated.

Estimated monthly discharge of Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 646 square miles.]

Month.

May.........................................

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,530 

4,980 

1,485 

1,015 

2,890 

1,440 

7,895 

4,870 

1,308 

4,925 

1,015 

7,620

7,895

Minimum.

594 

767 

785 

678 

713 

713 

822 

785 

577 

528 

561 

644

528

Mean.

1,287 

1,926 

1,100 

817 

1,370 

921 

2,433 

1,675 

905 

967 

688 

2,199

1,357

Run-oft.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.99 

2.98 

1.70 

1.26 

2.12 

1.43 

3.77 

2.59 

1.40 

1.50 

1.07 

3.40

2.10

Depth in 

inches.

2.29 

3.10 

1.96 

1.41 

2.44 

1.60 

4.35 

2.99 

1.56 

1.73 

1.19 

3.92

28.54
48 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

BROAD RIVER (OF GEORGIA) NEAR CARLTON, GA.

This station was established May 27, 1897, by M. E. Hall. The gage is now maintained 

and the observer paid by the United States Weather Bureau. The station is located at 

the Seaboard Air Line bridge 3 miles east of Carlton, Ga., and 2 m les above the mouth of 

the South Fork.

The channel above and below the station is straight for 500 feet. The right bank is high 

and is not liable to overflow. The left bank is low for about 400 feet, below which it is 

high and rocky. It overflows at a gage height of about 16 feet. The bed of the stream is 

sand and gravel and is somewhat changeable.

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the bridge of two spans of 

125 feet each, with trestle approaches 340 feet long on the left bank and 50 feet long on the 

right bank. The initial point for soundings is the end of the iron bridge on the right bank, 

upstream side.

A standard chain gage is fastened to the guard rail, with its bottom resting on the 

upstream end of the cross-ties. The center of the pulley is 39.5 feet from the initial point 

for soundings. The length of the chain is 54 feet. The gage is read once each day by S. P. 

Powers, jr. During the low water of October 1 to December 31, 1905, the gage was read 

twice each day. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the upstream 

iron girder under the cross-ties at a point about 40 feet from the initial point for soundings; 

elevation, 51 feet. (2) The top of the capstone of the right-bank pier at a point under the 

upstream side of the end of the bridge; elevation, 30.78 feet. (3) A copper plug set in 

solid rock in the railroad cut 1,135 feet from the west end of the iron bridge, 11 feet north 

of the center of the track, and at about the same elevation as the bottom of the cross-ties; 

elevation, 57.67 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage, which is 384 feet above 

sea level.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: WS 15, p 40; 27, p 31; 36, pp 131-132; 48, p 151; 65, p 255; 83, p 92; 98, p 63; 127, p 50. 

Discharge: WS 15, p 40; 27, p 44; 36, p 132; 48, p 151; 49, p 207; 65, p 255; 83, p 93; 98, p 63; 127, p 51, 

Discharge, monthly: Ann 19, iv, p 227; 20, iv, p 163; 21, iv, p 132; 22, iv, p 163; WS 75, p 65; 83, p 94; 

98, p 65; 127, p 52.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: WS 15, p 40; 27, p 42; 36, p 132; 48, p 152; 65, p 256; 83, p 93; 98, p 64; 127, p 51. 

Hydrographs: Ann 19, iv, p 226; 20, iv, p 163; 21, iv, p 133; 22, iv, p 163. 

Rating tables: Ann 19, iv, p 226; WS 27, p46; 39, p 444; 52, p 513; 65, p 321; 83, p94; 98, p64; 127, p 52.

Discharge measurements of Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga., in 1905. ,

Date.

March 18. .....

Hydrographer.

J.M. Giles.........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

172

172

164

Area ol 

section.

Square 

feet.

413

409

442

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.80

1.86

1.45

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.50

2.50

2.25

Discharge

Secondfeet.

745

762

642
SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 49

Daily gage height, in feet, of Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

f)A

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.6

2.7

2.4

2.2

2

0

9 8

6.1

6 0

3.5

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.6

2

e

9 4 A4

2 9

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

Feb.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.6

3.0

4.0

5.7

5.4

4.4

6.6

6.4

4.7

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.8

3.0

7.8

8.5

5.0

3.7

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.7

Mar.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.6

i5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Apr.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

May.

2.2

2.1

2.2

5.3

3.4

4.9

6.8

6.9

4.4

3.4

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.4

4.5

4.4

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.3

June.

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

2.1

1.9

3.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.7

1.9

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

July.

6.3

4.3

3.0

2.2

2.4

8.2

3.6

2.8

2.0

2.0

3.9

3.6

5.0

4.4

3.8

3.0

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.6

2.0

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

 1.7

Aug

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

3.1

2.2

2.7

3.2

4.0

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.2

2r2

2.8

2.6

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.7

Sept.

1.6

3.0

2.4

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

 1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.3

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Oct.

1.4

1.5

1.6

2.0

2.2

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

2.0

2.6

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7 .

Nov.

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

' 1.7

1.65

'1,65

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

I.ft

-1.6-

M

1.6

1.65

1.95

1.9

1.7

1.7

-1.7

2.1

2.1

1.95

1.8

1.75

Dec.

1.7

1.7

9.4

8.4

4.2

3.5

3.0

2.5

7.0

7.9

5.4

4.3

3.3

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.6

4.3

7.8

5.7

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

3.3

2.9

2.6

IRR 168 06-
50 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga., from January 1, 1904,

December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50 

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

^.70

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

270

305 

340

380

420

460

510

560

610

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

1 3.00 

: 3.10

3.20

3.30

3-40

3.50

! 3.60

- 3.70

670 3. 80

730

790

850

920

990

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,060

1,130 

1,200

1,280

1,360

1,440

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.50 

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

1,520 l| 5.00

1,600

1,680

1,770

1,860

1,950

2,040

2,130

2,220

5.20

5.40

5.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,320

2,420 

2,520

2,620

2,720

2,820

2,920

3,140

3,360

3,600

5.80 3,840

G. 00

6.20

6.40

4,100

4,360

4,620

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.60

6.80 

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

4,880

5,140 

5,400

5,680

5,960

6,240

6,520

6,800

7,080

7,360

7,640

7,920

8,200

8,950

The ahove table is hased on discharge measurements made during 1900-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 1.5 feet and 5.3 feet. The extension of the curve above 5.3 feet is based on one 

measurement at 9.1 feet.

Estimated monthly discharge of Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 762 square miles.]

Month.

January... 

February.. 

March.....

April......

May.......

June.......

July.......

August....

September. 

October... 

November. 

December..

The year.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,230

7,500

850

670

5,270

1,130

7,080

1,950

1,130

850

560

8,800

8,800

Minimum.

510

510

560

510

560

340

380

340

270

270

340

380

270

Mean.

' 934

2,046

1 687

 555

1,392

514

1,277

630

382

407

397

2,184

950

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.23

2.69

.902

.728

1.83

.675

1.68

.827

.501

.534

.521

2.87

1.25

Depth in 

inches.

1.42

2.80

1.04

.812

2.11

.753

1.94

.953

.559

.616

.581

3.31

16.89

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IX SAVAXXAH RIVER 1>RAIXAGE

BASIN.

The following is a Hst of miscellaneous discharge measurements made in Savannah Eiver 

drainage basin during 1905:

Chattooga River near Tallulah Falls, Ga. This river joins the Tallu]ah River and forms 

Tugaloo River. A measurement was made November 16, 1905, from a small boat at a 

point about 5 miles northeast of Tallulah Falls, Ga., at a narrow channel about 1,000 feet 

b#Iow Atkins Ferry and opposite B. H. Atkins's residence. There is a small shoal about 

150 feet below and one 300 feet above the point of measurement. At the time of flood in
OGEECHEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 51

1876 the water is said to have been 36 to 40 feet higher than the present stage and did much 

damage to property. The bench mark is the center of the head of a wire nail driven 

horizontally into a sycamore stump which stands on the right bank about 200 feet above 

the point of measurement; elevation, 6.13 feet above the datum of the assumed gage. 

The gage height at the same time at the regular station on Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls 

was 0.82 foot.

 Width, 107 feet; area, 442 square feet; mean velocity, 0.77 foot per second; gage height, 2.00 feet; discharge, 339 second-feet.

Little River near Washington, 6a. Two measurements were made June 6, 1905, near 

Washington, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the downstream wooden stringer under 

the cross ties at the center of the first span of the railroad bridge at the right bank; elevation, 29.00 fee^t above the datum of the assumed gage.

Measurement at bridge of Washington Branch of Georgia Railroad: Width, 37 feet; area, 59 square 

feet; mean velocity, 0.58 foot per second; gage height, 1.40 feet; discharge, 34 second-feet.

Measurement at wagon bridge, 400 feet above railroad bridge: Width, 47 feet; area, 185 square feet; 

mean velocity, 0.19 foot per second; gage height, 1.40 feet; discharge, 35 second-feet.

Panther Creek near Tallulah Falls, Oa. A measurement was made June 22,1905, a short 

distance below where the Tallulah Falls Railroad crosses Panther Creek, near Tallulah Falls, 

Ga. The stage of the creek was probably somewhat high at the time of gaging, owing to 

showers the day before.

Width, 9 feet; area, 5.85 square feet; mean velocity, 1.17 feet per second; discharge, 6.82 second-feet.

Tugaloo River near Madison, S. C. A measurement was made November 18, 1905, at 

Prathers Bridge, about 8 miles above the Southern Railway bridge near Madison, S. C. 

The initial point for soundings is the left end of the upstream guard rail at the end of the 

approach. The bench mark is the top of the upstream end of the second wooden cross beam 

from the left end of the bridge; elevation, 28.38 feet above the datum of the assumed gage. 

The gage height at the time by the gage at the regular station near Madison was 2.14 feet.

Width, 137 feet; area, 276 square feet; mean velocity, 2.22 feet per second; gage height, 2.15 feet; discharge, 614 second-feet.

OGEECHEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Ogeechee River is formed by the junction of Williamsons Swamp Creek and Rocky Comfort Creek in Jefferson County, Ga., and drains a small basin in southeastern Georgia lying 

between the Savannah and Altamaha basins. Ogeechee River flows in a southeasterly 

direction and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Its main tributary is Cannoochee River, 

which rises in Emanuel County, Ga., flows southeastward, and joins the Ogeechee about 

20 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The streams in this basin flow through a country that 

is mostly low. The current is generally good, but the fall available for power is probably 

small. The bank on one side or the other or the stream is generally low and swampy.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this drainage during 1905.

CANNOOCHEE RIVER NEAR GROVEL AND, GA.

This station was established June 12, 1903, by F. A. Murray. It is located at Moody's 

bridge, 3 miles south of Groveland, Bryan County, Ga.

The channel is straight for about 300 feet above and 400 feet below the station. The 

current is swift in the main channel, but sluggish near the banks. Both banks are of clay 

and sand and overflow at from 15 to 16 feet gage height. The bed of the stream is of 

silt and is shifting. There is but one channel at all stages, broken by the piers of the bridge, 

up to the height at which the river overflows its banks.
52 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the nine-span wooden 

highway bridge. The initial point for soundings is the outer edge of the post which supports 

the end of the hand rail on the downstream side of the bridge on the left bank.

The original gage, reading from 0 to 17 feet, is nailed to the right side of the upstream post 

of the fourth bent from the left bank. From 17 to 20 feet the post is graduated to feet and 

half feet. A new gage, reading from 0 to 10 feet, is fastened to the left-bank side of the 

upstream post of the third bent from the left bank, this being the first bent in the water at 

ordinary stages. Another section of the gage, reading from 5 to 10 feet, is fastened to a 

gum tree on the left bank 25 feet above the bridge. This gage faces the bridge and is used 

for the stages which it covers. The gage is read once each day by J. M. Edwards. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the bridge floor at the fourth bent 

from the left end of the bridge on the upstream side opposite a point 61 feet from the 

initial point for soundings, marked by a cross and the letters "B. M." cut in the floor; 

elevation, 20 feet. (2) A spike in a pine tree which stands near the upstream side of the 

road 15 feet from the left end of the bridge and 9 feet upstream from the line of the edge 

of the bridge; elevation, 20.12 feet. (3) Two large wire nails driven into the tree to which 

the third section of the gage is fastened; elevation, 5.30 feet. Two more nails are also 

driven at the 8-foot mark.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 98, pp. 71-72; 127, pp. 56-57. 

Discharge: 98, pp. 72, 79; 127, p. 57. 

Discharge, monthly: 98, p. 74; 127, p. 59. 

Gage heights: 98, pp. 72-73; 127, p. 58. 

Rating table: 98, p. 73; 127, p. 58.

Discharge measurements of Cannoochee River near Groveland, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

April 26. .......

April 26........

June 12........

July 27. ........

July 27 *.......

Hydrographer.

.....do..............................

A. T. Mitchelson..... ...............

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width

Feet. 

104

104

87

88

78

55

55

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

694

694

209

280

103

45

44

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.51

1.51

.14

.50

1.29

.51

.61

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.17

6.14

1.60

2.51

2.50

1.25

1.26

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,051

1,050

30

140

133

23

27

a. Made at different section.
OGEECHEE EIVER DEAINAGE BASIN.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofCannoochee River near Groveland, Ga.,for 1905.

53

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

15..............

16..............

17... ...........

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

99 22.. t...........

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.0

3 5

. 4.0

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.3

Feb.

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.6

4.0

4.7

5.3

5.6

6.6

8.1

10.1

11.2

11 9

13.1

14.8

14.5

13.1

11.0

10.5

11.6

11.7

11.5

13.0

12.0

10.7

Mar.

9 8

8.7

7.7

7.5

7.0

6.3

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.7

8.0

10.4

13 4

14.2

14.1

13.8

13.7

13.0

12.1

11.2

10.2

9.2

8.0

8.9

7.6

6.9

6.7

6.5

6.2

Apr.

6.2

6.2

5.5

5.3

5.1

5.4

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

6.0

6.0

6.4

7 9

7.4

9.2

6.8

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.9

6.1

6.1

5.8

5.4

5.0

May.

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.0

3.4

3.0

3 0

3.0

2.9

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

June.

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.0

9 fi

2.8

3.3

3.0

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.8

July.

2.0

2.2

2.5

2.4

2.3

3.7

4.5

7.4

7.5

7.7

7 9

8.0

7 9

6.5

6.5

G. 5

6.0

6.2

6.3

5.3

3.8

3.2

3.1

2.6

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.9

Aug.

3.0

3.9

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.3

2.6

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.0

5.0

5.6

6.0

4.2

3.3

3.0

3.2

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.4

Sept.

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.4

2.0

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

Oct.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1 5

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Nov.

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

13

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

Dec.

1.3

1.3

1.8

9 J.A9

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.8

3.0

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.1

3.6

4.3

4.2

4.8

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.7
54 STREAM MEASUREMENTS I1ST 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Gannoochee River near Oroveland, Ga.,from January 1 to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

i eight.

Feet.

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

23

27

32

38

44

51

58

66

75

85

96

107

119

131

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10 

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

144

158

172

187

*^03

220

238

257

276

296

317

338

360

382

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

405

453

503

554

606

660

714

769

825

882

940

1,000

1,060

1,121

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.50

10.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,183

1,245

1,309

1,373

1,438

1,504

1,570

1,638

1,706

1,775

1,845

1,915

2,095

2,275

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is fairly well defined 

between gage heights 1.2 feet and 6.2 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above 

gage height 10 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 37.5 per tenth. Above 3.4 feet the 

table is the same as for 1904.

Estimated monthly discharge of C'annoochee River near Oroveland, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 960 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

May. ........................................

July.........................................

Maximum.

528

4,075

3,850

1,987

633

257

1,570

940

238

44

38

687

4,075

Minimum.

144

238

1,000

660

119

44

75

75

38

27

27

27

27

Mean.

279

1,885

2,050

976

299

102

G49

297

84.6

32.2

29.5

295

582

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

.291

1.96

2.14

1.02

.311

.106

.676

.309

.088

.034

.031

.307

.606

Depth in 

inches.

.336

2.04

2.47

1.14

.358

.118

.779

.356

.098

.039

.035

.354

8.12

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENT IN OGEECHEE RIVER DRAINAGE

BASIN.

v The following miscellaneous discharge measurement was made in Ogeechee River drainage 

basin during 1905:

Lotts Creek near Oroveland, Oa. A measurement was made June, 12, 1905, at a point 2 

miles from Groveland, one-half mile above the mouth of the creek. 

Width, 16 feet; area, 11.4 square feet; mean velocity, 1.18 feet per second; discharge, 13 second-feet.
STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV. 55

ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN, 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Altamaha River is formed by the junction of Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers, which unite 

at the southern boundary of Montgomery County, Ga. Ohoopee River is also a tributary 

and enters it from the north side, about 50 miles below the junction of the Oconee and 

Ocmulgee. The Altamaha River drainage basin is entirely within the State of Georgia. 

The river rises in the north-central part and flows in a southeasterly direction, emptying 

into the Atlantic Ocean near Darien. Below the junction of the Oconee and Oomulgee 

and for a long distance above on both rivers there is no great amount of fall. Steamboat 

navigation is carried on from Darien to Macon on the Ocmulgee, and to Dublin, and at 

times to Milledgeville, on the Oconee.

Ohoopee River rises in Washington County and flows in a southeasterly direction to 

the Altamaha. It flows from low hills of southeastern Georgia into the flat pine lands. 

Though it has not so much fall as the more northern streams, it has considerable fall that 

can be developed into power.

Oconee River ris;s on the southern slope of the Chattahoocb.ee Ridge, in Hall County, 

and joins the Middle Oconee on the southwest boundary of Clarke County. Thence it 

flows in a southeasterly direction to ths Altamaha. Apalachee River is a large tributary, 

which rises in Gwinnett and Walton counties and enters the Oconee near the southeast 

corner of Morgan County. Little River enters the main stream at the comer of Putnam, 

Hancock, and Baldwin counties, about 15 miles above Milledgeville, Ga. These tributaries have much fall, and a small part of it is developed. The Oconee has a fall of 250^ 

feet in 45 miles. It has some very large waterpowers available from its source down to 

Milledgeville, where it crosses the fall line.

Ocmulgee River, the westernmost of the main tributaries, rises in the north-central part 

of Georgia on the southern slope of the Chattahoochee Ridge, in Fulton, Dekalb, and Gwinnett counties. It is for ned by tht% junction of Yellow and South rivers just south of 

the south corner of Newton County. Yellow River rises in Gwinnett County and flows 

in a southerly direction into the Ocmulgee. South River rises in Fulton and Dekalb counties 

and flows in a southeasterly direction. Alcovy River joins the Ocmulgee about 5 miles, 

below the junction of South and Yellow rivers. Towaliga River enters the Ocmulgee at 

about the southwest corner of Jasper County.

All these tributaries rise in and flow through a very hilly pountry and have a great deal 

of fall. Ocmulgee River has a fall of over 210 feet in 35 miles. The last fall of much size 

is only a few miles above Macon, Ga.

The following pages give the results of data collected in this drainage during 1905. 

SOUTH RIVER NEAR SNAPPING SHOALS, GEORGIA.

This station was established in 1905 for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

discharge measurements. It is located at a four-span wooden bridge, known as Butlers 

Bridge, about 15 miles south from Conyers, Ga., and 4 miles above Snapping Shoals, where 

there is a large amount of fall.

The current is smooth and is fairly swift at lowest water. It is broken by one pier at 

low water. The right bank may overflow beyond the bridge approach at high floods. 

The left bank will not overflow. The bed is sandy and will probably change.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the top of the downstream end, at the edge of the floor, of the first wooden floor beam from the left end of the. 

third span from the left bank.; eWation, 25.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.
56 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of South River near Snapping Shoals, Georgia, in 1905.

Date.

October 23. ....

October 24. ....

Hydrographer.

M.R. Hall. ..........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

83

83

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

87

98

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.38

1.38

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.46

3.56

Discharge.

Se fondfeet.

120

135

OCMULGEE RIVER NEAR FLOVILLA, GA.

A station was established July 26, 1901, on Ocmulgee Eiver at Lamars Ferry, one-half 

mile below Lamar's mill and 5 miles east of Flovilla, Ga. The object of this station was to 

compare the discharge of the river at this point with its discharge below, at Macon, through 

the low-water season. The gage and bench marks were washed away by a flood February 

27, 1902. The station was reestablished June 18, 1903, at Lamars Ferry, by M. R. Hall.

The channel is straight for 1,000 feet above and 5,000 feet below the station. The current is swift and regular. The right bank is high, but overflows at extreme high water. 

The left bank is somewhat lower. The bed of the stream is sandy and shifting, and there 

is but one channel.

Discharge measurements are made from the ferryboat. The initial point for soundings 

is the windlass on the right bank.

The vertical gage is in three sections. The first section, reading from 0 to 5 feet, is fastened to a willow tree at the mouth of a small branch about 20 feet above the ferry landing 

on the right bank. The sscond section, reading from 5 to 15 feet, is nailed to an ash tree 

about 60 feet from the river up the same branch. The third section, reading from 15 to 

25 feet, is attached to a cottonwood tree on the bank of the same branch, about 200 feet 

from the river. No attempt was made to place this gage on the same datum as the old 

one. The gage is read ones each day by B. S. White, who is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey. During the low-water period from October 1 to December 31, 1905, the gage 

was read twice each day. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) A nail driven 

into a large cottonwood tree about 200 feet from the river, on the branch on which the 

gage is located; elevation, 14.00 feet. (2) A cross in the solid rock, 100 feet uphill from 

the first bench mark and 140 feet north from the wagon road, at a point 250 feet west of 

the ferry; elevation, 34.24 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 65, p 262; 83, p 110; 98, pp 97-98; 127, pp 63- 4. 

Discharge: 65, p 262; 83, pp 110,113; 98, p 98; 127, p 64. 

Discharge, monthly: 75, p 75; 83, p 111; 98, p 99; 127, p 66. 

Gage heights: 65, p 263; 83, p 110; 98, p 98; 127, p 65. 

Rating tables: 65, p 321; 83, p 110; 98, p 99; 127, p 65.

Discharge measurements of Ocmulgee River near FloviUa, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

March 25......

July 24........

Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall.. ........................

M. R. Hall ..........................

Width.

Feet. 

210

216

200

185

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

685

657

324

201

300

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.69

1.63

1.53

1.46

1.58

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.88

1.16

.34

- .32

97

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,155

1,074

496

293

474
ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 57

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOcmvlgee River near Flovitta, 6a.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.-....--......

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17....... ....- ..

18..............

19..............

20..............

Zl... ...........

22.............. 

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29. .............

30. .............

31..............

Jan.

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.8

1.8

1.4

1.5

2.0

6.2

6.9

6.0

2.1

2.8

2.6

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.8 

1.7

-1.6

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.5

Feb.

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.5

5.0

6.9

7.1

6.2

5.5

12.6

10.5

7.2

5.0

4.2

4.0

3.5

3.3

5.5

6.6 

5.3

4.3

3.9

3.6

3.2

2.8-

Mar.

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.1

2 0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.4

2.1

2.4

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.2

1.9

1.9

1.8

1 7

2.5

2 0

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.4

Apr.

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

2 2

2.0

1.8

2.2

4.3

3.0

2.4

2.1

1.9

1.5

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.3 

1.3

1 3

1.3

1.0

May.

1.4

1.3

3.0

3.2

2

C

1.8

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

1.5

1.4

1.3

'1.0

.8

.6

.8

3 9

4.0

3 c

9 9

2.0

1 9

1.7

1.5

June.

1.0

.8

.8

.7

.7

.6

.5

.4

.2

.0

.0

1.7

1.0

.7

1.2

1.1

.9

.7

.4

.2 

1.8

2 3

1 ^

1.9

July.

6.0

6.0

2.4

2.5

2 1

3.7

2.6

2.4

1.7

4.3

3.4

7.0

4.0

2.9

2.1

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.0

9

.6

3

.6

1.9

.8

.2

Aug.

0.5

.4

.3

.0

.1

2

.5

2.1

2.5

2.9

9.2

6.3

4.3

5.8

3.7

2.2

2.0

1.4

1.1

.9

.8 

.7

2 5

1.2

.7 i

.3

Sept.

0.3

.7

1.6

.5

.6

.3

-.1

.2

' .0

__ 1

- 1

.1

.1

.2

.0

.1

.0

- .2

- .2

- .3

_ o

- .4.

- .5

- .6

_ ^

Oct.

-0.2

.4

1.15

.65

.60

46

.25

__ 1

- .15

.05

.8

1.05

.75

.5

.35

.3

.4

.3

.42

.72

.0

.0 

.0

.2

.6

.35

.3

Nov.

0.35

.25

.20

.15

.1

.5

.4

.3

.9

3.5

2.55

1.75

1.25

1.0

.65

.25

.4

.5

.45

.55

.6

.58

.5

.5

.5

.75

.85

80

.75

Dec.

0.65

.65

11.2

14.4

10.4

4.8

4.0

3.4

6.6

8.6

6.1

4.2

4.0

3.6

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.0

1.9

7.2

9.3 

5.0

6.0

5.2

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.8

3.'6

3.5
58 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART iv.

Station rating taUefor Ocmulgee River near Flovitta, Ga.,froin January 1 to December 31,1905.

height. Discharge.

Feet. Second-feet.

- .6 220

- .5

- .4

- .3

- .2

- .1

.0

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

245

270

295

325

355

385

415

445

475

510

545

580

615

650

hSgrt. D^rge.

Feet.

0.90

Second-feet.

690

1.00 730

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2:iO

2.20

2.30

770

810

850

895

940

985

1,030

1,075

1,120

1,170

1,220

1,270

1,320

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

TMsoharee uiscnarge. height Ga£e 

Second-feet.

1,370

1,420

1,470

1,525

1,580

1,635

1,690

1,820

1,950

2,080

2,210

2,350

2,490

2,640

2,790

Feet.

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.50

10.50

11.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,940

3,090

3,240

3,, 395

3,555

3,715

3,875

4,035

4,195

4,355

4,515

4,075

5,085

7,650

8,100

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1904-05. It is fairly well defined 

between gage heights -0.5 foot and 5.5 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits, being 

based on logarithmic extension above 7 feet. Above gage height 3 feet the table is the same as that for 

1904.

Estimated monthly discharge of Ocmulgee River near Flovitta, 6a.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,500 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

January... 

February.. 

March.....

April......

May.......

June.......

July.......

August....

September. 

October... 

November. 

December..

The year.

Maximum.

4,595

9,540

1,690

2,565

2,350

1,320

4,675

6,530

985

790

2,015

11,340

11,340

Minimum.

770

895

895

730

580

385

445

385

220

325

415

598

220

Mean.

1,328

2,917

1,212

1,071

1,107

722

1,457

1,273

402

512

651

3,592

1,354

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.885

1.94

.808

.714

.738

.481

.971

.849

.268

.341

.434

2.39

.902

Depth in 

inches.

1.02

2.02

.932

.797

.851

.537

1.12

.979

.299

.393

.484

2.76

12.19

OCMULGEE RIVER AT MACON, GA.

A station was established at Macon, Ga., January 21, 1893, by the United States Weather 

Bureau. Discharge measurements were begun by the United States Geological Survey in 

1895, and a wire gage was established on the bridge of the Macon, Dublin and Savannah 

Railroad and was set on the same datum as the Weather Bureau gage. For a time gageheight records were maintained by the Geological Survey, as the Weather Bureau records 

were for a part of the year only and were discontinued altogether from June 30, 1897, to 

June 1, 1899. Since June 1, 1899, the Weather Bureau gage-height records have been 

taken continuously and have been furnished to the Geological Survey.
ALTA.MAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 59

The channel is straight and without obstructions, except for one bridge pier. The banks 

are high and not subject to overflow. The, bad of the river is soft and changeable.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the Fifth Street Bridge, 

an iron bridge of two 190-foot spans, located about 500 feet above the railroad bridge. The 

initial point for soundings is the end of the iron hand rail of the footway at the right bank 

on the downstream side.

The Weather Bureau gage is a heavy timber bolted to the downstream portion of the 

right-bank stone pier of the Central ef Georgia Railway bridge. October 9,1905, a standard 

chain gage was installed on the Fifth Street Bridge, on the outside of the latticed railing of 

the downstream footway at a point 85 feet from the right-bank end; length of chain, 40.83 

feet. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the iron rim of the sidewalk 

80 feet from the initial point for soundings; elevation, 34.42 feet. (2) The top of a castiron post at the end of the hand rail on the right bank, downstream side, of the Fifth Street 

Bridge; elevation, 37.37 feet. (3) The top of the downstream side of the capstone of the 

right-bank abutment of the Central of <3«orgia Railway bridge; elevation, 32.30 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; Bull == Bullet in; WS=WaterSupply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, pp 79-80; 19, iv, p230; Bull 140, p 74; WS15, p44; 27,p32; 36, pp 136-137; 48, p 

155; 65, p 264; 83, p 107; 98,pp94-&5; 127, pp 66-67.

Discharge : Ann 18, iv, p 80; 19, iv, pp 230-231; Bull 140, p 75; WS 15, p 44 ; 27, p 44 ; 36, p 137 ; 48, p 

155; 83, p 107 ; 65, p 265; 98, p 95; 127, p 67.

Discharge, low-water: Ann 18, iv, p 84.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 18, iv, pp 82-83; 19, iv, p232; 20, iv, pp 161, 171; 21, iv, p 139; 22,iv,p 172; 

WS 75, p 75; 83, p 109; 98, p 97; 127, p 69.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: Bull 140, p 75; WS 11, pp 21-23; 15,p44; 27,p43; 36, p 137; 48, p 156; 65, p 265; 83, p 108; 

98, pp 95-96; 127, p 68.

Hydrographs: Annl8,iv,p84; 19,iv,p233; 20,iv,pl72; 21,iv,pl39; 22,iv,pl73.

Rainfall and run-off relation: Ann 20, iv, p 161.

Rating tables: Ann 18, iv, pp 81-82; 19, iv. p 232; WS 27, p 46; 39, p 444; 52, p 513; 65, p 321; 83, p 109; 

98, p 96; 127, p 68.

Discharge measurements ofOcmidgee River at Macon, Oa., in 1905.

Date.

March 14......

September 28 . .

Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall....... ................... 

A. T. Mitchelson ....................

W. E Hall..........................

M.R. Hall. .........................

Width.

Feet.

270 

209

195

127 

150

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

2,269 

1,350

1,090

786 

309

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.12

.58

.71

.41 

1.83

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.88 

1.22

.71

- .39

.46

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

2,554 

789

772

321 

565

Made at different section.
60 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOcmulgee River at Macon, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

10..............

11.........:....

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.............. 

23..............

25..............

26..............

27. ............. 

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.7

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.7

3.0

2.4

2.1

1 9

5.3

9 0

7.9

5.0

3.8

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

1.9 

1.7

2.0

2.0

2.0

Feb.

3.2

6.2

13.3

11.4

10.3

10.7

16 4

15.4

12.7

7.7

6.4

8.0

9.6 

9.1

7 ^

5.0 

4.5

Mar.

3.9

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.7

3.4

c 7

C A

4.4

3.9

4.3 

4.2

3

C

3.4

3.2

2.7

2.5

2.4

Apr.

3.3

3.3

3.0

2.7

3.3

5.3

4

0

Q A

2.4

2.2 

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

May.

2.9

2.7

4.6

3.6

3 8

3.4

3.0

2.7

1.8

4.0

2.5

1.8

1.7

1.6 

4.0 

3.8

4.9

4.4

3.5

2.9

2.9

2.5

June.

2.1

1.8

1.6

2.3

2.0

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.0

.8

g

1.8

3.8

1.1

4.8

1.8

2.5

2.5

July.

3.0

6.7

7.9

7.5

5.0

3.5

3.9

4.5

3.9

3!2

3.7

- 6.7

6.6

8.2

6.7

3.3

2.7

2.3

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.8 

1.3

.9

2.1 

1.7

1.2

1.1

1.0

Aug.

0.8

.8

.6

.4

.0

_ j

_ j

2.2

4.4

3.5

3.4

10.6

7.4

6.2

6.3

4.2

3.5

3.2

1.9

1.5

1.3 

1.2

2.9

2.3

1.5 

1.2

1.1

.9

1.4

Sept.

0.7

1.7

2.4

2.2

2.2

1.5

1.3

.8

.4

.2

- .1

.6

o

_ 9

- .3

- .5

- .5 

 .5

_ 9

- .3

- .3

- .2

Oct

0.6

1.0

1.2

2.9

2.0

1.5

1.15

97

 M

1.3

1.5

1.2 ;

.43

.34

.26 

.16

g

1.3 

1.1

1.25

1.1

.74

Nov.

07

.6

.4

.43

.44

07 .37

.32

.65

.62

.85

3.3

4.2

3.4

2.3

1.85

1.7

1.35

1.2

1.12

1.1

.6

.6

.8

.6

.6

.7 

.9

1.1

g

Dec.

0.8

.8

1.7

13.0

15.0

10.4

6.7 '5.1

6.9

11.6

11.2

8.3

6.7

4.9

6.6

5.9

5.4

4.6

4.1 '4.9

16.7

15.1 

12.4

9 4

7.9

5.8 

4.7

6.4

5.8

4.8

Station rating table for Ocmulgee River at Macon, Ga., from January 1 to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.60

- .50

- .40

- .30

- .20

- .10

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

270

295

320

345

370

400

430

460

490

520

550

580

610

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

640

670

700

730

760

795

830

865

900

935

970

1,005

1,040

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,075

1,110

1,150

1,190

1,230

1,270

1,315

1,360

1,405 .

1,450

1,500

1,550

1,600

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,650

1,700

1,750

1,800

1,855

1,910

1,965

2,020

2,130

2,250

2,370

2,490

2,610

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is well denned between gage heights 0.4 foot and 5 feet. For gage heights above 5 feet the discharge has been estimated from 1903 measurements.
ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 61

Estimated monthly discharge ofOcmulgee River at Macon, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 2~, 425 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,170 

23,980 

2,940 

3,315 

2,460 

2,400 

4,560 

6,830 

1,230 

1,450 

2,130 

25,240

25,240

Minimum.

970 

1,040 

1,230 

1,075 

935 

640 

700 

400 

270 

466 

526 

670

270

Mean.

' 1,599 

5,307 

1,816 

1,484 

1,539 

1,072 

1,878 

1,466 

533 

- 696 

810 

5,580

1,982

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.659 

2.19 

.749 

.612 

.635 

442 

.774 

.605 

.220 

.287 

.334 

2.30

.817

Depth in 

inches.

0.760 

2.28 

.864 

.683 

.732 

.493 

.892 

.698 

.246 

.331 

.373 

2.65

11.00

AL.COVY RIVER NEAR STEWART, GA.

This station was established September 16, 1905, by M. R. Hall. It is located at a 

wooden wagon bridge known as " Waters Bridge," about 15 miles south of Covington, 

Ga., and 5 miles from Stewart, Ga. The bridge is below the mouth of Bear Creek and 

about 4 miles from the mouth of the river. The station is important because it is a short 

distance below a large amount of fall at the old Newton factory site.

The channel curves to the left bank about 45° in 300 feet above the station and is straight 

for 1,000 feet below the station. The right bank is high and will not overflow. The 

left bank may overflow about 200 feet at high floods. The channel above and below 

appears to contain much sand, which is shifting, though the bed is mostly rock in the part 

under the right span of the bridge, to which nearly all of the flow is confined at lowest stage 

of water.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge of three spans of about 50 feet each.

A vertical staff gage is attached to a birch tree at the right edge of the water, 12 feet 

upstream from the bridge. It is read once each day by A. J. White. The bench mark is 

a cross and circles cut on a solid rock outcrop at the right edge of the water, just under the 

downstream side of the bridge; elevation, 2.36 feet above the datum of the gage.

Discharge measurements of Alcovy River- near Stewart, Ga., in 1905 and 19D6.

Date.

1905.

1906.

Hydrosrrapher.

M. R. Hall. .........................

.....do....... .......................

.....do. ...... .......................

.....do..............................

W. E. Hall.......... .:....'........

..I.. do. ...... .......................

Width.

Feet. 

36

36

54

54

73

73

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

48

 48

61

62

255

259

Mean 

velocity,

Feet per 

second.

1.00

1.00

1.73

1.68

2.27'

2.32

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1,54

1.55

2.03

2/or

' ! 4.80

4.82

Discharge.

feet. 

48

48

106

 105

580

600
62 STKEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Alcovy River near Stewart, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1................

3................

4................

5................

6.................

7................

8................

9................

10................

11................

12................

13. ...............

14................

15................

16................

Sept.

1.55

Oct.

1.65

1.6

1.6

1-7

1.75

2.0

2.05

1.75

1.75

1.65

2.0

1.8

1.95

2.05

2.0

1.95

Nov.

1.95

1.8

1.6

1.65

1.7

1.75

3.3

2 7

2.45

Dec.

2.05

7.0

5.3

6.3

5.2

5.2

5.2

4.8

4 2

Day.

17...............

18 ...............

19 ...............

20 ...........!...

21 ...............

22 ...............

23 ...............

24 ...............

25 ...............

26 ..............

27 ...............

28 ...............

29 ...............

30 ...............

31 ...............

Sept.

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.5

Oct.

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.65

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.95

1.9

1.9

Nov.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.15

Dec.

4.2

4 0

3.8

5.8

7.5

7.0

7.0

6.0

5.5

4.8

4.4

4.4

4.2

Station rating table for Alcovy River near Stewart, 6a.,from September 16 to December 31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

.2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

34

44

55

66

77

88

100

112

124

136

150

164

178

192

206

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

220

236

252

268

284

300

318

336

354

372

392

412

432

452

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

474

496

518

540

564

588

612

636

662

688

714

740

768

796

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

824

852

880

910

970

1,030

1,090

1,150

1,210

1,274

1,338

1,402

1,466

1,530

The above table is based on six discharge measurements made during 1905 and 1906. It is fairly well 

denned between gage heights 1.4 feet and 5 feet. The table has been extended bey9nd these limits.

Estimated monthly discharge of Alcovy River near Stewart, Oa.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 395 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month,

September 16-30 .............................

Maximum.

72

ioe

284

1,466

Minimum.

39

55

55

106

Mean.

52.9

76.5

117

766

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.134

.194

.296

1.94

Depth in 

inches.

0.075

.224

.330

2.24
ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 63

YELLOW RIVER NEAR STONE MOUNTAIN, GA.

This station was established in 1905 for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

measurements. It is located at the single-span bridge known as Sextons Bridge, about 6 

miles east from Stone Mountain, Ga., and 2| miles above the old Annistown factory site, 

where there is a large amount of fall.

The section is good for measurements, but the bed is sandy and shifting.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the top of the 

downstream end of the floor beam at the middle of the span; elevation, 21.00 feet above 

the datum of the assumed gage.

Discharge measurements of Yellow River near Stone Mountain, Ga., in 1905.

Date. Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

45

39

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

107

54

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

.90

1.06

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.96

1.78

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

96

57

APALACHEE RIVER NEAR BUCKHEAD, GA.

This station was established February 13,1901, by M. K. Hall. It is located at the iron 

wagon bridge over Apalachee River, about 3J miles north of Buckhead, Ga.

At ordinary stages the channel is about 80 feet wide, and it is only slightly curved above 

and below the bridge. The bed of the stream is part rock and part sand. The current 

is moderately swift and is somewhat broken and irregular on account of ruins of old pier 

bases about 50 feet upstream. The right bank is low for a distance of 400 feet and will 

overflow at a gage height of 10 feet. The low portion is thickly covered with trees and 

a brushy growth, which will greatly retard the flood water passing over it. The left 

bank is high and will not overflow, except to a short distance up the steep slope.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, the initial 

point being the outside of the iron pier at the left bank, downstream side. The bridge is 

a single span 103 feet long, supported by tubular piers. Its trestle approaches are about 

500 feet long on the right bank and about 100 feet on the left.

The original gage consisted of two sections; the first section, reading from 0 to 10 feet, 

was fastened to a small ash tree on the left bank about 100 feet below the bridge. The 

second section, reading from 6 to 20 feet, was nailed to the upstream post of the last 

wooden bent next to the iron bridge, on the right bank. March 22, 1905, a standard chain 

gage was attached to the upstream side o"f the bridge, in the third panel from the right 

bank; length of the chain, 30.70 feet. The gage was read once each day by G. A. J. Adams, 

except for three months during low water when readings were made twice each day. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the iron pier from the right bank, 

downstream side; elevation, 25.00 feet. (2) The top of the downstream end of the first floor 

beam from the right bank; elevation, 25.50 feet. (3) A copper plug set in solid rock 10 

feet west of the upstream tubular pier on the right bank and 3 feet upstream from the 

line of the upper edge of the bridge; elevation, 3.73 feet. Elevations refer to the datum 

of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 65, p 258; 83, p 104; 98, pp 90-91; 127, pp 72-73. 

Discharge: 65, p 259; 83, p 104; 98, p 91; 127, p 73. 

Discharge monthly: 75, pp 66, 74; 83, p 106; 98, p 92; 127, p 75. 

Gage heights: 65, p 259; 83, p 105; 98, p 91; 127, p 74. 

Rating tables: 65, p 321; 83, p 106; 98, p 92; 127, p 74.
64 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

March 23 ......

May 11.......:

Jnue 8 .........

October 30. ....

October 31.....

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall..................... ....

.....do..............................

.....do...............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

85

80

79

79

75

75

68

79

77

Area of 

section.

Sqvmre 

feet.

233

215

187

186

157

154

117

166

172

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.62

1.27

1.19

1.12

1.00

1.02

.83

1.11

1.06

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.30

1.74

1.44

1.41

1.13

1.13

.80

1.38

1.39

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

379

273

223

208

157

157

97

185

183

Daily gage height, in feet, of Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga.,for 1905.

Bay.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..'...........

20. .............

21..............

, j 

22. .."...........

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28...:..........

29..............

30.:............

o-l

.

Jan.

2.0

1.8

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

4.7

5.0

4.2

3.0

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1

0

Feb.

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.5

3.4

5.6

7.8

9.0

11.4

9 0

4.2

3.7

3.3

0 O

7.3

4.8

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.9

s

Mar.

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.5

9 ^

2.6

2.7

3.1

2.8

2.7

1 O

2.3

 2:0

Apr.

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.25

2.25

2.3

2.2

2.2

1.9

2.0

2.0

1 9

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

May.

2.4

2.1

2.2

3.5

3.3

3.4

2.4

2.5

2.2

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.5

0 1

O 0

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.2

3.3

4.7

4.7

3.1

2.5

2.9

3.1

June.

2.0

1.8

1.95

2.1

1.65

1.85

1.65

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.35

.85

1 35

1.4

1.35

1.35

2.05

1.5

1.0

1.35

3.8

4.6

3.4

3.3

2.2

1.85

3.1

2.35

1.95

July.

2.8

6.4

9.0

3.3

2.0

2.3

5.4

10.2

5.5

3.0

2.65

2.7

2.75

2.6

2.35

1.9

1.5

1.75

1.7

3.6

1.95

1.7

1.7

1.0

2.15

2.1

1.75

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.65

Aug.

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.0

1.0

1.95

4.3

4.4

4.4

5.3

3.6

4.7

3.4

2.7

7.6

2.7

2.3

1.65

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.4

«.78

1.2

1.1

1.0

Sept.

1.05

2.7

3.1

2.1

.72

.4

.15

.1

.0

.92

a.65

.91

.94

.88

.95

.92

.88

a.52

.85

.73

.66

.75

.82

.78

a. 41

.63

.6

.67

.65

.65

Oct.

0.86

a.52

.62

1.05

1.45

1.3

1.15

1.1

a.51

1.25

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.2

a. 68

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

.92

a.59

1.15

1.1

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

«.85

1.35

Nov.

1.3

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

«.71

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.4

2.6

2.3

1.95

1.6

1.55

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.35

1.0

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

 1/3

1.35

1.65

1.55

1.4

Dec.

1.4

1.55

4.6

13.7

10.5

5.5

2.95

3.2

6.4

9.7

9.0

5.0

4.2

3.6

3.6

4.7

3.8

3.0

2.7

4.2

11.0

14.0

9.9

5.7

4.2

3.7

3.4.

3.8

4.2

4.0

4.0

a During low water the Monday gage heights are lower than natural flow on account of storing water 

on Sundays at High Shoals Factory, 25 miles above the station.
ALTAMAHA EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 65

Station rating table for Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga., from January 1 to December

31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

44

54

66

78

92

108

124

142

160

180

200

220

242

264

286

310

334

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

358

384

410

436

464

492

520

550

580

610

640

670

700

730

760

790

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

. 4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

820

. 850

880

910

970

1,030

1,090

1,150

1,210

1,270

1,330

1,390

1,450

1,510

1,570

1,630

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,690

1,750

1,810

1,870

1,930

1,990

2,050

2,110

2,260

2,410

2,560

2,710

11.00 3,010

12.00

13.00

14.00

3,310

3,610

3,910

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is fairly well defined 

between gage heights 0.8 foot and 7.3 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits.

Estimated monthly discharge of Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 440 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

April ........................................

May........................................

July.........................................

August ......................................

Maximum.

1,210

3,130

640

410

1,120

1,090

2,770

1,990

640

210

492

3,910

3,910

Minimum.

286

286

310

264

160

100

124

a 44

a45

a55

a79

200

044

Mean.

423

1,074

448

346

469

345

624

462

145

139

209

1,371

505

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.961

2.44

1.02

.786

1.07

.784

1.42

1.05

.330

 .316

.475

3.12

1.15

Depth in 

inches.

1.11

2.54

1.18

.877

1.23

.875

1.64

1.21

.368

.364

.530

3.60

15.52

« See note to gage-height table, p. 64.

IRR 168 06 5
66 STREAM MEASUREMENTS 1905, PART IV.

OCONEE RIVER NEAR GREENSBORO, GA.

This station was established July 25, 1903, by M. R. Hall. It is located at the new 

wagon bridge, about 5 miles west of Greensboro, on the road to Madison, Ga.

Ordinarily the river is about 120 feet wide. The bed is sandy and shifting. The channel 

is nearly straight, and the current is regular. The right bank is high and rocky, with the 

exception of a low bench under the bridge and approach. The left bank is low, and will 

overflow at a gage height of about 12 to 15 feet to the end of the approach, a distance of 

about 600 feet, and extreme high water may pass beyond the end of the approach.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the.bridge. The initial 

point for soundings is the end of the iron trestle on the right bank, downstream side. The 

bridge is of two spans. The first one from the right bank is 80 feet long, and is not over 

the water except at time of floods. The main span over the river is 144 feet long. There 

are also 52 feet of iron trestle and about 40 feet of wooden trestle on the right bank and 253 

feet of iron trestle and about 325 feet of wooden trestle on the left bank.

A standard chain gage is fastened to the lower chord of the downstream side of the 

bridge 163 to 165 feet from the initial point for soundings; length of chain, 38.73 feet. The 

gage is read once each day by M. A. Stevens, except during three months of the low-water 

period, when it is read twice each day. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The 

top of the downstream end of the second floor beam from the right-bank pier; elevation, 

36.00 feet. (2) A copper plug set in the rock under the upstream side of the bridge opposite 

a point 84 feet from the initial point for soundings; elevation, 13.55 feet. (3) Point on a 

hickory tree 26 feet downstream from the end of the wooden trestle on the right bank; elevation, 33.15 feet. (4) The concrete foundation under the iron post below the initial point 

for soundings; elevation, 27.58 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey: ,

Description: 98, pp 88-89; 127, pp 75-76. 

Discharge: 98, p 89; 127, p 76. 

Discharge, monthly: 127, p 78. 

Gage heights: 98, p 90; 127, p 77. 

Rating table: 127, p 77.

Discharge measurements ofOconee River near Greensboro, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

May 11........

October 30. ....

October 30. ....

November 25 . .

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall. . .........................

..... do ..............................

.....do................. . .. ... ...

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet.

116

116

91

91

91

91

111

Area cf 

section.

Square 

feet.

4fiS

469

326

317

248

252

213

216

253

Mean 

velocity.

Feet -per 

second.

1.89

1.59

1.62

1.36

1.31

1 **d

1.5

1.61

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.32

2.48

1.36

1.30

77

.74

.74

.73

1.03

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

826

886

519

514

338

331

328

325

407
ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 67 

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOconee River near Greensboro, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1.............. 

2... ...........

3..............

5..............

6..............

9..............

11..............

12..............

1 *?

14.............. 

15..............

17..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23... ...........

24..............

25..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.2 

2.1

2.0

1 9

1.7

2.7

2.4

1.9

8.5 

6.2

3.7

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.3

19.9

17

1.5

1.8

1.7

1.9

Feb.

1.9 

2.0

2.0

2.0

4.0

4.8 

6 9

7.2

8.0

11.4

12.5 

10.7

4.9

4.0

3.7

4.2

8.1

9.6

10.3

7.0

5.2

4.2

3.5

3.2

Mar.

3.2 

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

9 7

2.6

2.6 

2.7

2.6

3.0

9 Pi

2.0

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.8

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

Apr.

2.1 

2.1

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.4

2.2

9 f\

9 n

2.0 

1.9 

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

May:

2.0 

2.0

2.6

4.0

3.6

9 t:

2.0

1.9 

1.6 

2.0

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.6

2.0

7.5

0.5

4.1

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.5

June.

2.3 

2.0

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.5 

1.5 

1.6

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.6

2.7

2.8

2.4

2.0

1.8

2.0

July.

2.2 

2.0

2.1

6.0

11.2

5.0

3

1

2

0

C 1

4.4

4.3 

3.6 

2 9

2.1

2.0

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.4

1.6

1.9

1.9

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.0

Aug.

1.4 

1.3

1 3

1.0

A

'I

1.4 

4.3

3

4

4.4

4.6

4.3 

5.4

C (\

5.6

4.6

2 2

2.4

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.7

3.4

4.4

2.2

1.75

1.6

1.15

1.1

Sept.

1.25 

1.85

1.3

1.15

q

.85

.8

q

1.1

.95 

.95

.65

.35

.8

.8

.6

.55

.35

.20

.50

.45

.4

.45

.5

Oct.

0.4 

.15

.85

1.55

.85

.8

.9

.95

1.2 

.9

1.1

1.05

1.05

.95

.50

.45

.7

.75

.8

.8

.75

.7

.55

.6

Nov.

0. 1

.55-

.7

.95

1.7 

1.35 

1.25

1.2

1.0

1.05

1.25

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.8

1.4

1.3

Dec,

1.3 

1.1

8

1

4.0

3.8

8.1

E A

3.4 

4.2

3.9

3 A

3.2

4.0

12.7

14,0

10.5

6.6

5.8

4.6

3.6

3.4

4.0

4.0

3.8

NOTE. On account of a daily fluctuation caused by developed powers above two readings a day were 

made during the last four months. The low days during this period can be attributed to stored water, 

and do not represent the natural flow.
68 STEEAM MEASUKEMENTS IN 1905, PAKT IV.

Station rating table for Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga.,from January 1 to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

195

220

245

270

295

320

345

375

405 '435

465

495

525

555

585

620

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

655

690

725

760

795

830

865

900

935

970

1,010

1,050

1,090

1,130

1,170

1,210

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,250

1,295

1,340

1,385

1,430

1,475

1,520

1,620

1,720

1,820

1,920

2,020

2,120

2,220

2,330

2,440

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

10.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,550

2,660

2,770

2,880

3,000

3,120

3,240

3,360

3,480

3,610

3,740

4,065

4,410

4,760

5, 110

5,465

The above table is based on the discharge measurements made during 1903-5. It is well defined 

between gage heights 0.7 foot and 4 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above 

gage height 10.4 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 75 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

July.......--.-.--.......-..-.-..........--..

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,065 

 6,965 

1,170 

865 

3,420 

1,010 

5,990 

2,330 

672 

570 

918 

8,090

Minimum.

555 

690 

760 

585 

555 

435 

405 

220 

195 

185 

282 

435

8,090 185

Mean.

970 

2,497 

937 

698 

1,156 

646 

1,195 

978 

348 

372 

470 

3,086

1,113

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.882 

2.27 

.852 

.635 

1.05 

.587 

1.09 

.889 

.316 

.338 

.427 

2.81

1.01

Depth in 

inches.

1.02 

2.36 

.982 

.708 

1.21 

.655 

1.26 

1.02 

.353 

.390 

.476 

3.24

13.67

NOTE. For minimum flow see note to gage-height table, p. 67. 

OCONEE RIVER AT FRALEYS FERRY, NEAR MTLLEDGEVII/LE, GA.

This station is located at Fraleys Ferry, about 6 miles above Milledgeville, Ga., and about 

4 miles below the mouth of Little River, for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

measurements. This point, being above the dam at Milledgeville, has a nearly natural flow, 

being but slightly affected by the dams a great distance upstream.

The channel is straight for some distance above and below the station. The current is 

moderate or slow at low stages. The bed is sandy and changing, but the rock shoals below 

will probably control the water level at the station.
ALT AM AH A EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 69

Discharge measurements are made from the ferryboat or from a small boat controlled 

by the ferry cable along which the distances are marked. Measurements can be made 

at low and medium stages only, as the current soon becomes too great for safety in boat 

measurements. '

During a short period in October and November, 1905, gage-height records were maintained by Charles F. Howe, who put in a temporary gage and has furnished the records 

to the Geological Survey. These gage heights, which are the means of four readings daily, 

and the discharge measurements which were made form a much more accurate basis for 

estimating the flow for the period which they cover than the records for the station at 

Milledgeville, 6 miles below. The bench mark is a nail driven horizontally into an ash tree 

on the right bank about 200 feet above the ferry; elevation, 10.00 feet above the datum of 

the gage.

Discharge measurements ofOconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville,Ga.,in 1904and

1905.

Date.

1904.

September 20..

1905.

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall..................'........

M. R. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

270

270

272

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

1,310

1,108

1,551

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

0.79

.50

.63

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.90

4.35

5.02

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,030

547

985

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville,Ga., for 1905.

Day.

1.. ............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

Oct. Nov.

4.85

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.65

4.8

4.85

5.0

6.0

Day.

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

Oct.

4.7

4.7

Nov.

6.0

5.2

Day.

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

4.65

4.55

4.55

4.45

4.8

4.8

4.85

4.8

4.85

Nov.

OCCHSTEE RIVER AT MILLEDGEVILLE, GA.

This station was established August 22, 1903, by M. R. Hall, though several discharge 

measurements were made before that time. The first one was made October 19, 1895, by 

C. C . Babb. The bench mark to which the present gage is referred was used to get the water 

height at the time of each of these measurements. The station is located at the iron highway bridge in the eastern part of Milledgeville, Ga.

At low water the river is about 300 feet wide, including two piers, and often a sand bar of 

considerable extent in the third span. This bar sometimes practically stops the third-span 

channel, leaving the river about 200 feet wide. The bed is sandy and shifting and the water 

is shallow and swift. These conditions are unfavorable to accurate measurements as well 

as a constant rating. The channel is only slightly curved. Both banks are high and will 

not overflow.
70 STEEAM MEASUEEMENTS IN 1905, PAKT IV.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, and the 

initial point for soundings is the end of the iron bridge at the right bank, downstream side. 

The bridge consists of four spans, 100 feet, 150 feet, 150 feet, and 80 feet long, respectively, 

beginning at the right-bank end, and short wooden trestles about 25 feet long at each end.

A standard chain gage, established in August, 1904, is fastened to the intermediate posts 

on the upstream side of the third panel of the second span from the right bank. The gage is 

read once each day by J. A. Brooks, who is paid by the United States Weather Bureau. 

The bottom of the gage box is 43.80 feet above the datum of the gage, and the length of 

the chain is 45.80 feet. The bench mark is the top of the third floor beam from the pier on 

the east bank, downstream end; elevation, 39.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey ( WS=Water-Supply Paper; Bull=Bulletin):

Description: WS 98, pp 87-88; 127, pp 78-79.

Discharge: Bull 140, pp 73-74; WS 49, p 207; 83, p 113; 98, p 88; 127, p 79.

Discharge, monthly: WS 127, p 81.

Gage heights: WS 98, p 88; 127, p 80.

Rating table: WS 127, p 80.

Discharge measurements ofOconee River at MiUedgeviUe, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

June 9 .........

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall.... ......................

.....do..............................

W. E. Hall..........................

.....do...............................

Width.

Feet. 

289

256

282

281

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

726

547

571

511

617

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.57

1.95

1.53

1.39

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.73

1.64

1.20

.95

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,867

1,064

874

712
ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 71

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOconee River at MittedgeinUe, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12

13..............

14

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. ............. 

19. .............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Jan.

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.4

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.6

3.3

6.3

7.0

5.0

3.8

3.0 

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.8

Feb.

9 1

9 1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.3

3.0

11.0

9.7

8.5

10.3

21.0

14.7

10.0

6.5

5.3 

4.6

4.3

7.8

10.2

9.6

8.6

6.3

4.9

4.3

3.9

Mar.

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.0

9 Q

2.9

2.9

3.3

3.3

4.5

4.5

4.3

3.7

3.4

3.1 

3.1

3.0

4.2

4.7

3.6

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

Apr.

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.5

2 Q

3 1

2.9

2.8

4.5

4.3

3.7

5.9

3.9

3.1

3.2

3.1

2.8 

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.3

3.1

May.

3.0

2.8

4.0

4.0

4.6

4.7

3.7

5.2

4.3

3.6

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.0

3.2

2.7 

2.4

2.1

1.9

2.2

3.3

6.6

7.3

6.2

4.9

3.5

3.1

3.0

3.5

June.

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.5

1 4

1.5

1.6

1.6

2.5 

2.1

1.9

1.7

2.5

4.3

3.2

2.8

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.7

July.

2.6

3.3

6.4

5.4

2.9

2.3

3.0

8.0

8.9

4.2

3.6

4.5

4.8

3.6

3.8

2.7

2.2

1.9 

1.8

1.7

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.5

2.1

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.5

Aug.

1 Q

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.0

.8

n

;!

5.0

4.0

6.8

6.5

4.9

4.9

4.0

13.0 

5.7

2.7

1.8

1.8

.1

q A

2

Q

3.6

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.2

Sept.

1.3

5.4

4.4

q A

9 Q

1 Q

1 K

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

q

.8

1.2

.9

1.0

.8

.8 

.7

7

.8

.6

4

.5

.5

.4

.1

.2

.4

Oct.

0.3

.6

1.6

2.5

1.5

1.3

1.15

.8

.87

.73

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.1

.98

1.1

.82 

.93

.9

.85

.63

.68

.63

.87

.87

1.03

.95

.92

.88

Nov.

0.93

1.0

.92

.8

.77

.75

.8

1.0

1.2

2.3

3.7

2.5

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.2 

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.6

1.3

Dec.

1.2

1.1

2.3

8.7

11.4

11.6

5.4

3.4

3.8

9.6

10.8

10.2

6.1

4.1

6.1

6.2

5.0

4.2 

3.5

4.4

18.8

18.1

15.1

10.5

6.5

5.0

4.3

3.9

6.6

6.1

4.8

NOTE. As this station is just below a mill, estimates based on the gage height can not be considered 

even approximately correct. From October 6 to November 6 an attempt was made to obtain a proper 

mean gage height by making six readings daily. For the rest of the time only one reading was made.

OCONEE RIVER AT DUBLIN, GA.

A station was established by the United States Weather Bureau in 1894 at Dublin, Ga., 

about 60 miles above the junction of the Oconee with the Ocmulgee. Records were kept, 

with the exception of the summer months of 1896, until April 30,1897, when the station was 

discontinued. In 1898 discharge measurements were commenced by the United States 

Geological Survey, and February 11 an observer was employed to read the gage. October 

15, 1898, the Weather Bureau again adopted the station and has maintained the gage and 

furnished gage heights to the Geological Survey continuously since that time.

The ordinary width of the river is about 235 feet. At a gage height of about 20 feet the 

left bank begins to overflow, and it is practically covered to the end of the approach at 25 

feet. This ground is thickly covered with a brushy growth, which will no doubt cause the 

velocity of the water overflowing it to be small. The right bank does not overflow. The 

bed of the stream is of loose rock, sand, and gravel. The channel is straight and the current 

is swift and fairly uniform, except where it is broken by the three bridge piers.

.Discharge measurements are made from the iron highway bridge, which consists of a 

draw span between two other spans of 75 feet each. The total length of the, bridge proper 

is 320 feet. On the left bank, which is low, there are 1,100 feet of iron-frame trestle
72 STREAM MEASUBEMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

approach. There is also a short trestle on the right bank, which is high. The initial point 

for soundings is the end of the bridge at the right bank, on the upstream side.

The gage is a heavy timber bolted to the downstream side of the center pier of the 

Wrightsville and Tennille Eailroad bridge, 500 feet downstream from the highway bridge.

The bridge is a drawbridge, and the pier to which the gage is attached is the circular 

center pier of the draw span. A secondary sloping gage, reading from 1.6 to + 1-9 feet, is 

attached to a solid rock on the right bank about 25 feet above the railroad bridge. The gage 

is read once each day byE. F. Mathis. Bench marks were established as follows: (].) The 

top of the upstream end of the floor beam on top of the first tubular pier of the wagon )ridge 

from the right bank; elevation, 41.30 feet. (2) A point on the fifth step from the bottom 

at the south entrance of the court-house, 6 inches from the east end of the step; elevation, 

82.51 feet. (3) The top of the granite water table 2J feet west of the southeast corner of 

the court-house; elevation, 80.97 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Eeport; WS=Water-Supply Pape

Description: Ann 19, iv, pp 227-228; WS 15, p 42; 27, p 31; 36 p 133; 48, p 152; 65, p 259; 83, p96 

84-85; 127, pp 81-82.

Discharge: WS 15, p 42; 27, p 44; 36, p 133; 48, p 152; 65, p 259; 83, p 97; 98, p 85; 127, p 83.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 20, iv, pp 161, 170; 21, iv, p 136; 22, iv, p 164; WS 75, pp 68, 75; 83, p 

p 87; 127, p 85.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: WS 11, pp 19-20; 15, p 42; 27, p 43; 36, p 134; 48, p 153; 65, p 260; 83, p 97; 98, pp 

127, p 84.

Hydrographs: Ann 20, iv, p 170; 21, iv, p 137; 22, iv, p 164; WS 75, p 68.

Rainfall and run-off relation: Ann 20, iv, p 161.

Rating tables: WS 27, p 46; 39, p 444; 52, p 513; 65, p 321; 83, p 98; 98, p 86; 127, p 84.

Discharge measurements ofOconee River at Dublin, Ga., in 1905.

98, pp

85-86;

Date.

April 25. .......

April 25. .......

July 31. ........

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall..........................

.....do...............................

... ..do.... .................... .......

F. A. Murray ....................... 

.....do..............................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

Width.

Feet. 

260

210

226

194

215

192 

196

204

204

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

2,760

1,166

1,187

872

789

726 

661

683

678

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

3.00

2.26

2 12

1.36

1.51

1.65 

1.40

1.29

1.26

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.03

1.14

1.11

-- .60

- .60

- .62 

- .97

- .98

- .99

ch

8

)isirge.

'.ond- 

>.et.

8,283

2,631

2,518

1,187

1,192

1,201 

929

882

856
ALTAMAHA EIVEE DEAINAGE BASIN. 73

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOconee River at Dublin, Ga., for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

Ifi..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

25..............

27. .............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.1

1.7

1.0

.4

1.2

1 K

1 f»

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.1

1.7

4.2

5.0

4.5

3.3

2.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.2

1.2

.9

.7

.6

.6

.7

Feb.

0.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

1 H

3

D

5.9

7.7

8.8

12.5

14.5

16.8

19.5

19.5

18.0

16.0

13.8

10.5

8.5

8.8

9.4

9.8

10.3

9.8

7.5

Mar.

5.4

4.4

3.9

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.8

3.3

4.3

5.8

7.3

7.3

6.6

5.4

4.4

3.5

3.0

3.8

4.8

5.2

4.3

3.8

3.3

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.2

1.9

Apr.

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.8

2.3

2.1

3.1

3.9

3.7

5.0

5.3

4.0

3.3

2.9

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.0

May.

1.4

1.7

1 9

2.5

3.9

4.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

2 4

1.8

1.3

.9

.6

.3

.6

1.2

1.2

.8

.4

.2

.4

1.9

4.0

5.5

5.8

4.3

2.8

1.9

1.7

June.

2.2

1.6

1.2

.9

.6

_ o

_ 4

- .5

- .5

- .5

- .5

- .1

- .3

- .3

+ .3

- .1

 .2

+ -2

2.0

1.0

.4

.3

.3

July.

0.8

1.3

.9

3.3

4.3

2.2

g

1.1

5.5

5.0

3.0

3.0

3.8

2.7

2.3

1.4

.6

9

_ 1

- .2

_ g

- .2

- .3

_ 4

+ .3

- .1

- .3

- .5

- .5

Aug.

-0.7

- .6

- .8

- .8

__ Q

-1.1

i

3.0

3.0

4.2

5.0

4.0

3.8

2 8

4.9

5.8

3.0

1.0

.5

.1

1.2

1.3

1.5

.8

.1

- .3

Sept.

-0.5

__ g

1.2

2.8

1.8

1.6

.8

_ K

: ;

- .6

- .7

- .6

- .8

__ g

__ g

-1.0

-1.1

-1.1

-1.0

-1.2

-1.21 O

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2

Oct.

-1.2

-1.2

-1.3

-1.2

-1.1

_ 4

- .6

- .8

- .9

__ g

- .7

- .7

- .6

__ g

_ g

_ g

- .9

_ g

-1.0

-1.1

-1.1

1.0

- .8

- .7

- .7

_ 7

Nov.

-0.7

- .6

- .6

- .8

_ g

- .9

- .9

_ g

_ g

- .8

- .4

.0

1.4

1.2

2

.1

_ ^

_ o

- .4

- .5

__ g

- .6

_ 7

- .5

_ 2

_ 4

 4

_ 5

 4

_ 4

Dec.

-0.3

- .4

- .2

.5

4.0

5.8

6.4

6.6

5.4

3.4

5.5

6.4

6.8

7.1

7.0

6.7

6.0

5/5

4.2

3.0

6.3

8.7

9.5

11.0

13.5

14.0

12.0

8.0

7.0

7.2
74 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station, rating table for Oconee River at Dublin, Oa.,from January 1 to December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-1.30

-1.20

-1.10

 1.00

- .90

- .80

- .70

- .60

- .50

- .40

- .30

- .20

- .10

0.00

.10

.20

.30

.40 .50~

.60

.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

690

750

810

875

945

1,015

1,090

1,165

1,240

1,320

1,400

1,480

1,560

1,640

1,720

1,800

1,880

1,960

2,040

2,120

2,200

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,280

2,360

2,440

2,520

2,605

2,690

2,775

2,860

2,945

3,030

3,115

3,200

3,285

3,370

3,455

3,540

3,625

3,710

3,795

3,880

3,970

Gage 

height

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3,50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.2C

4. 4C

4.6C

4.8C

5. OC

5.2f

5.4f

5.6f

5.8f

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights-1 loot and + 7 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above 

gage height 14 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 170 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Oconee River at Dublin, Oa., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 4,182 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

December. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,050 

27,450 

8,550 

6,350 

6,870 

3,455 

6,550 

6,055 

3,970 

1,960 

2,775 

19,120

27, 450

Minimum.

1,960 

2,120 

3,200 

2,440 

1,800 

1,240 

1,240 

810 

750 

690 

945 

1,320

G90

Mean.

3,021 

11,260 

5,082 

3,506 

3,538 

1,947 

2,839 

2,685 

1,346 

1,019 

1,346 

8,121

3,810

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

.722 

2.69 

1.22 

.838 

.846 

.466 

.679 

.642 

.322 

.244 

.322 

1.94

.911

Depth in 

inches.

.832 

2.80 

1.41 

.935 

.975 

.520 

.783 

.740 

.359 

.281 

.359 

2.24

12.23
ALTAMAHA EIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 75

OHOOPBE RIVER NEAR REIDSVII/LE, GA.

This station was established June 13, 1903, by F. A. Murray. It is located at the 

wooden highway bridge known as Sheppards Bridge, 4J miles west of Reidsville, Ga.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The initial 

point for soundings is the outer edge of the first cross beam at the left end of the bridge, 

downstream side.

The original gage consisted of two 5-foot sections spiked to the bridge and a third section fastened to a cypress tree on the left bank above the bridge. June 10, 1905, the 

gage was changed to the right side of the second bent from the left bank. It is fastened 

to the bent in four 5-foot sections. The gage is read by J. D. Swain, who is paid by the 

Georgia Geological Survey. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the 

cap of the fifth bent from the left end of the bridge on the upstream side, opposite a point 

106 feet from the initial point for soundings; elevation, 20.00 feet. (2) Two nails driven 

horizontally into the downstream side of a cypress tree on the left bank, about 120 feet 

above the bridge; elevation, 8.00 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 98, pp 81-82; 127, pp 85-86. 

Discharge: 98, p 82; 127, p 86. 

Discharge, monthlyj 98, p 84; 127, p 88. 

Gage heights: 98, pp 82-83; 127, p 87. 

Rating table: 98, p 83; 127, p 87.

Discharge measurements ofOJioopee River near Reidsville, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

March 17. ......

April 27 .......

July 28. ........

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall ..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

141

141

114

118

110

69

70

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

1,755

1,755

1,137

533

638

96

93

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.39

2.37

1.44

.21

.57

.59

.60

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

11.90

11.90

6.38

1.01

2.31

.36

.34

Discharge.

Secondfeet. 

4,204

4,163

1,635

114

363

57

" 56

a Made at different section.
76 STEEAM MEASUEEMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOhoopee River near Reidsville, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7.... ..........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.. ............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27....... ......

28..............

29..............

30..............

31 ..............

Jan.

2.8

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.7

q n

o Q

3.5

3.9

4.8

5.0

5.2

5.5

5.5

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.6

Feb.

3.6

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.5

q 7

4.2

4.5

5.0

c 7

5.9

6.8

8.6

10.2

12.7

15.9

19.0

15.0

14.6

13.7

11.8

11.6

12.0

12.5

11.1

10.5

Mar.

9 7

9 1

8.7

8.2

7.9

7 c

7.2

7.0

6.8

7.1

7.4

8.9

10.5

11.3

11.7

11.9

11.9

11.6

11.1

10.4

9 6

9.0

8.5

ft *?

ft n

7 9

7 ft

7.4

7.1

6.7

Apr.

5 Q

5.2

5.1

C 9

5.6

5.4

5.0

4 9

5 9

5.5

6.1

6.7

7.6

7 9

8.2

7.2

7.2

6.5

6.1

6.8

.7.0

6 9

C (1

May.

t; 3

t; 9

5.1

5.3

4.8

4.0

3 7

3

c

3 9

9 Q

97

9 4

2.1

1.9

1 9

2.3

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.6

3 A

3 9

3 9

2.8

9 A

2.0

June.

1 9

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

9

Q

8

1.8

1.4

1.8

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.5

' 1.3

1.3

1.3

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

July.

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.2

 ? 4

5.1

5.8

6.0

6

Q

5 A

5.8

5.2

4.5

4.8

5.0

4.7

3.8

3.0

2.6

2.1

1 ft

1.7

9 3

2 9

2 7

2.6

Aug.

2.5

2.4

2.1

2.0

1.7

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.8

2.0

2.8

3.7

3.1

3.0

9 7

2.5

2.5

2.1

2.1

9 Q

3 1

2.9

2

C

2.1

Sept.

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.4

1.7

2.0

1.7

1.4

1.1

.9

.8

7

.7

.9

"

1.5

1.3

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

Oct.

0.7

.8

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.6

.6

.5

.5

.

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

q

3

.4

7

9

.8

Nov.

0.7

.6

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

1.5

1.8

1.6

1.2

1.1

.9

9

Q

1

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

Dec.

0.6

.6

9

1.0

1.9

2.6

2.6

2.2

1 &

1 9

2.0

2.1

2.1

1.8

- 1.9

2.3

2.3

3 9

3.3

4 1

5.6

6 8

Q A

7 Q

7 9

7.6

7 K

7 Q

8.2
ALTAMAHA EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 77

Station rating table for Ohoopee River near ReidsviUe, Ga.,from January 1, 1904, to December 31,1905.

height.

Feet.

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

50

57

65

74

83

93

104

115

127

140

153

167

182

197

213

230

247

265

283

302

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

321

341

361

382

403

425

447

470

494

519

545

572

600

629

659

690

722

755

824

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

895

968

1,043.

1,120

1,198

1,277

1,357

1,438

1,520

1,602

1,685

1,771

1,860

1,950

7.20 2,042

7.40 2,136

7.60

7.80

8.00

2,232

2,330

2,430

Gage 

height.

Feet. -

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9.80

10.00

10.20

10.40

10.60

10.80

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,531

2,633

2,737

2,843

2,950

3,058

3,167

3,277

3,388

3,500

3,617

3,738

3,862

3,989

4,120

4,460

4,820

5,198

5,590

The above table is based on 26 discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is well denned 

between gage heights 0.0 and 11 feet. Above gage height 11 feet the table is determined by one measurement at 14 feet. The discharge is only approximate above 13 feet.

Estimated monthly discharge of Ohoopee River near Reidsvitte, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,280 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,317 

10,390 

4,746 

2,531 

1,237 

247 

1,643 

659 

265 

115 

230 

2,531

10,390

Minimum.

.321 

572 

1,815 

1,081 

247 

93 

115 

115 

65 

50 

57 

74

50

Mean.

744 

3,512 

2,989 

1,625 

588 

154 

750 

349 

126 

69.4 

89.9 

860

988

Run-ofl.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.581 

2.74 

2.34 

1.27 

.459 

.120. 

.586 

.273 

.098 

.054 

.070 

.672

..772

Depth in 

inches.

0.670 

2.85 

2.70 

1.42 

.529 

.134 

.676 

.315 

.109 

.062 

.078 

.775

10.32
78 RTEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE

BASIN.

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements made in Altamaha River 

drainage basin during 1905:

Brazsell Creek near Reidsville, Ga. A measurement was made by wading at a narrow 

channel one-fourth mile above the mouth and one-half mile from the regular gaging station 

on Ohoopee River at Reidsville, Ga. The gage height by the gage at the Ohoopee River 

station at the same time was 2.35 feet.

Width, 12 feet; area, 6.6 square feet; mean velocity, 0.85 foot per second; discharge, 5.6 second-feel.

Jacks Creek at Annieslown, Ga. A measurement was made from a foot log on the river 

road about one-fourth mile above Hayden's Bridge, about one-half mile from Anniestown, 

Ga. The bench mark is the head of a large wire nail driven into the downstream face of a 

double-trunk birch tree on the right bank, 20 feet below the road; elevation, 5.00 feet above 

the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 8.5 feet; area, 3.7 square feet; mean velocity, 1.32 feet per second; gage height, 1.88 feet; discharge, 4.9 second-feet.

Little River near Milledgeville, Ga. This stream enters Oconee River from the right. It 

was measured from the downstream side of a wooden highway bridge 9 miles north of Milledgeville, Ga., 1 mile above the mouth. The initial point for soundings is the end of the 

hand rail at the left bank. The bench mark is a copper brand in the top of the downstream 

end of the cross beam at the first pier from the left bank; elevation, 15.00 feet above the 

datum of the assumed gage.

September 15: Width, 99 feet; area, 92 square feet; mean velocity, 1.23 feet per second; gage height, 

3.51 feet; discharge, 113 second-feet.

November 24: Width, 119 feet; area, 132 square feet; mean velocity, 1.55 feet per second; gage height, 

3.86 feet; discharge, 205 second-feet.

Little Ocmvlgee River at Lumber City, Ga. A measurement was made July 26, 1905, by 

wading about 90 feet upstream from the wagon bridge on which a bench mark was established in September, 1904, three-fourths mile northeast of Lumber City, Ga. The bench 

mark is the top of the downstream end of the cap of the second bent from the right bank; 

elevation, 23.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 48 feet; area, 25 square feet; mean velociy, 1.64 feet per second; gage height, 1.46 feet; discharge, 41 second-feet.

Little Ocmulgee River at Wilcox, Ga. A measurement was made July 25,1905, at a wooden 

wagon bridge 1\ miles from Lumber City and one-eighth mile from Wilcox Station, Ga. The 

bench mark is the center of a lag screw driven into the end of the second floor beam from the 

right bank on the downstream side; elevation, 18.00 feet above the datum of the assumed

Width, 52.5 feet; area, 61.5 square feet; mean velocity, 0.58 foot per second; gage height, 1.25 feet; discharge, 35.5 second-feet.

Ohoopee River near Ohoopee, Ga. A measurement was made July 29,1905, from the downstream side of a wooden highway bridge about 2 miles southeast of Ohoopee, Ga., above the 

mouth of Pendletons Creek. The initial point for soundings is the end of the hand rail at 

the left bank, downstream side. The bench mark is the top of the upstream end of the cap 

of the bent, 64 feet from the left end of the hand rail; elevation, 19.00 feet above the 

datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 84 feet; area, 314 square feet; mean velocity, 0.57 foot per second; gage height, 4.22 feet; discharge, 180 second-feet.

Pendletons Creek near Lyons, Ga. A measurement was made July 29, 1905, from a new 

wooden highway bridge 3J miles east of Lyons, Ga., about one-half mile above the crossing of 

the Seaboard Air Line. Bench marks established for former measurements at this point 

were carried away by a flood. A new bench mark was established, the top of the down-
APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 79

stream end of the cap of the third bent from the right-bank end of the bridge; elevation, 

17.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 74 feet; area, 341 square feet; mean velocity, 1.23 feet per second; gage height, 7.58 feet; discharge, 438 second-feet.

Snapping Shoals Creek at Snapping Shoals, Ga. A measurement was made October 24, 

1905, at a bridge about 80 feet above the mouth of Snapping Shoals Creek, 400 feet below the 

gage on South River at Snapping Shoals, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the wooden 

stringer 13J feet from the left-bank end; elevation, 12.00 feet above the datum of the 

assumed gage.

Width, 21 feet; area, 12 square feet; mean velocity, 1.17 feet per second; gage height, 0.54 foot; discharge, 14 second-feet.

South River at Snapping Shoals, Ga. A measurement was made on South River October 24,1905, from a boat, just below the mouth of Snapping Shoals Creek, and about 500 feet 

below the wagon bridge at Snapping Shoals, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the first floor beam of the bridge to the left of the center pier; elevation, 

26.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 78feet; area, 122 square feet; mean velocity, 1.18feet per second; gage height, 3.00 feet; discharge, 144 second-feet.

Sugar Greek at Wilcox, Ga. A measurement was made July 25, 1905, at a new wagon 

bridge 75 feet upstream from the Southern Railway bridge at Wilcox, Ga. The bench mark 

is the top of the downstream wooden stringer 126 feet from the right end of the downstream 

hand rail of the bridge; elevation, 22.06 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 15 feet; area, 18 square feet; mean velocity, 0.30 foot per second; gage height, 3.88 feet; discharge, 5.5 second-feet.

Yellow River near Lithonia, Ga. Measurements were made from a wagon bridge about 4 

miles north of Lithonia, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the downstream corner of the 

right-bank stone abutment; elevation, 16.55 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

September 15: Width, 28 feet; area, 40 square feet; mean velocity, 1.70 feet per second; gage height, 

1.96 feet; discharge, 68 second-feet.

APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION Or BASIN.

Apalachicola River is formed by the union of Flint and Chattahoochee rivers at the 

Georgia-Florida line. It flows in a southerly direction through Florida to the Gulf of Mexico. 

It is navigable, and boats run up Flint River to Albany, Ga., and up Chattahoochee River to 

Columbus, Ga.

Flint River rises in Fulton County, Ga., a few miles south of Atlanta. It flows in a southerly direction to Talbot County, southeastward to Macon County, southward to Worth 

County, and southwestward to Apalachicola River. It drains the south-central portion of 

Georgia, extending from Atlanta south to the Florida line. The tributaries of Flint River 

are mainly large creeks with much fall. The principal ones among these are Whitewater, 

Whiteoak, Redoak, Elkins, Big Potato, Muckalee, Kinchafoonee, Ichawaynochaway, and 

Spring creeks.

Flint River has many good water powers on its course. Between a point opposite Woodbury, Ga., and a point opposite Knoxville, Ga., in Crawford County, a distance of about 45 

miles, the river falls 334 feet. Very little of its power is yet developed.

Chattahoochee River rises in the Blue Ridge, in White County, and flows in a southwesterly direction until it reaches the Alabama line at the southeast corner of Troup County, Ga. 

Thence it flows in a southerly direction, forming the western boundary of Georgia, until it 

flows into Apalachicola River at the southern boundary of the State. It drains almost all 

the north-central, middle-western, and southwestern portions of Georgia, and has a drainage 

area of 4,900 square miles at Columbus, Ga., which is at the fall line.
80 STKEAM MEASUKEMENTS IN 1905, PAKT IV.

Soque River joins the Chattahoochee on the western edge of Habersham County. This 

river rises in Habersham County and flows in a southwesterly direction. It has considerable fall, dropping as much as 40 feet within a few hundred feet.

Farther down the Chattahoochee, at the west boundary of Hall County, Chestatee River 

enters. It rises in Lumpkin County and flows in a southerly direction through a very hilly 

and steep country and has much fall all along its course.

From its source down to Columbus, Ga., Chattahoochee River is an excellent water-power 

stream. From the lower edge of Lumpkin County down to Columbus, Ga., there is a fall of 

over 850 feet, 366 feet of this fall being between West Point and Columbus. All along its 

course there are many small tributaries flowing from a high, hilly country. These have much 

fall, and many water powers are available.

The following pages give the results of data collected in this drainage during 1905:

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER NEAR NORCROSS, GA.

This station was established June 10,1902, by M. R. Hall. It is located at Medlock's toll 

bridge, about 4J miles north of Norcross, Ga. This point is above the mouth of Johns Creek 

and below the mouth of Sewannee Creek.

The channel is slightly curved for 600 feet above and 700 feet below the station. The current is sluggish at low stages, but not excessively so, and the discharge measurements are 

considered good at the lowest stage. The right bank is high and will overflow only for 50 

feet from the water's edge; the left bank will overflow for about 800 feet at a gage height of 

from 16 to 18 feet. The bed of the stream is sandy and probably changes.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single-span bridge and 

its approaches. The initial point for soundings is 50 feet to the right of the center of the 

downstream tubular pier on the right bank.

The original gage was a vertical staff attached to an oak tree on the right bank 100 feet 

above the bridge. A chain gage, established March 14, 1903, was read in connection with 

the vertical gage until June 28,1905, when a standard chain gage was attached to the downstream lower chord of the first panel from the right bank; length of chain, 30.36 feet. The 

gage is read twice each day by W. O. Medlock, who is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the iron pier on the right bank, 

downstream side,; elevation, 27.00 feet. (2) A copper plug set in a stone post set flush with the 

surface of the ground at the side of the road just outside of the toll bridge, on the right bank, 

in line with the downstream side of the bridge and 145 feet from the center of the pier at the 

right-bank end of the bridge; elevation, 26.92 feet. (3) The bottom of the gage box at the 

pulley; elevation, 28.36 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers of 

the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 98, pp 121-122; 127, pp 92-93. 

Discharge: 83, p 127; 98, p 122; 127, p 93. 

Discharge, monthly: 98, p 124; 127, p 95. 

Gage heights: 98, p 123; 127, p 94. 

Rating table: 98, p 123; 127, p 94. f
APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 81

Discharge measurements of Chattahoochee River near Nor cross, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

May 27........

May'27........

September 22..

October 28. ....

October 28. ....

October 28. ....

Hydrographer.

B. S. Drane.........................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

M.R. Hall. .........................

M. R. Hall..........................

M. R. Hall. .........................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

Width.

Feet. 

224

994

224

184

184

163

166

165

160

159

163

163

163

197

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

3,221

3

1 7Q

3,129

1,811

1,770

1,342

1,403

1 «Q

1,135

938

1,040

1,018

1,025

1,018

2,375

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

5.00

4

Qfi

4.73

2.57

2.54

1.45

1.65

1.65

1.00

.76

.70

1.02

1.03

1.02

4.01

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.26

11.82

5.29

5.05

2.94

3.19

3.16

2.01

1.51

1.52

1.90

1.92

1.90

8.56

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

16,120

15,780

14,790

4,653

4,501

1,949

2,320

2,209

1,139

713

733

1,035

1,054

1,042

9,521

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga., for 1905.

Day.

2..............

0

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

OK

26. .............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

O1

Jan.

2.0

1 OS

1.93

1.83

3.15

2.9

2.35

2.2

2.2

6.5

11.9

5.3

3.7 

3.1

2.8

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.35

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.25

2.35

2.1

2.1

2.1

Feb.

2.15

2.1

2.0

9 9

2.95

3.3

5.1

6.7

5.1

4.3

7.7

6.7

4.3 '3.6

3.3

3.1

2.95

4.1

11.5

6.9

5.1

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.3

3.2

Mar.

3 A

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.7

2.7

2.9

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.8 

2.7

2.6

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.65

3.2

2.85

2.7

9 (\

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5

Apr.

2.4

9 3

9 ^

2.45

9 (\ ~

2.6

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.5

2.4 

2.6

 2.45

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.6

May.

2 65

2.4

Q 3

3.0

3 i

5.3

4.5

4.6

3.5

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5 

3.9

4.0

3.1

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.8

4.0

6.0

4 0

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.6

June.

2.5

2.4

9 Q^

9 O

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.1

2.1 

2.35

2.45

2.3

2.15

2.1

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.3

2.15

2.0

2.1

2.05

2.4

2.25

July.

10.5

6.1

3.3

9 7

3.2

3.8

4.2

3.2

2.85

3.7

5.2

7.4

6.0

4.0

4.2 

3.6

2 9

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.2

2 2

Aug.

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.9

1.85

1.9

2.3

2.6

2.7

3.6

3.8

4.2

3.6

3.8 

2.9

2.65

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.25

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.85

Sept.

1.8

2.15

2.25

1.95

1.85

l.S

1.75

1.72

1.73

1.7

1.68

1.9

1.75

1.72

1.63 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.52

1.53

1.5

1.47

1.48

1.6

1.25

1.42

1.47

Oct.

1.72

1.82

1.68

1.72

1.95

1.72

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.58

 2.7

3.5

2.2

1.9

1.82 

1.82

1.88

1.78

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.68

1.62

1.62

1.68

1.82

2.2

1.95

1.8

1.75

1.75

Nov.

1.72

1.7

1.68

1.68

1.65

1.68'

1.82

2.2

1.92

2.1

1.88

1.25

1.2

1.25

2.15 

-1.92

1.98

1.82

1.75

1.75

1.95

1.88

1.78

1.57

1.52

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.52

Dec,

1.48

1.6

8.4

7.6

3.6

2.9

2.65

2.85

7.2

8.1

4.4

3.4

3.0

2.85

2.95 

3.1.

2 9

2.75

2.6

3.2

5.8

5.2

3.8

3.8

3.4

3.2

2.95

2.9

3.0

3.1

2.85

NOTE. Low gage heights can be accounted for as resulting from storage at the Gainesville waterpower plant.

IER 168 06 6
82 STKEAM MEASUKEMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

Station rating table for Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga., from January 1, 1904, to

December 31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

480 2. 50

515

560

615

680

750

830

920

"1,015

1,120

1,225

1,330

1,435

1,540

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,645

1,750

1,860

1,970

2,080

2,190

2,300

2,410

2,520

2,630

2,745

2,860

2,975

3,090

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,205

3,320

3,440

3,560

3,680

3,800

3,920

4,045

.4,170

4,295

4,425

4,555

4,815

5,075

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,345

5,615

5,885

6,160

6,440

6,720

7,005

7,295

7,585

7,885

8,185

8,49"

8,805

9,125

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1902-1905 and is well defined. 

Estimated monthly discharge of Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,170 square miles.]

Month.

April........................................

July................'.........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

15, 570 

14,820 

2,520 

1,750 

5,885 

1,860 

13,030 

3,560 

1,382 

2,745 

1,330 

9,445

15,570

Minimum.

948 

1*, 120 

1,540 

1,330 

1,540 

1,120 

1,225 

968 

538 

680 

515 

667

515

Mean.

2,238 

3,753 

1,899 

1,540 

2,552 

1,381 

2,786 

1,609 

824 

991 

893 

3,225

1,974

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.91 

3.21 

1.62 

1.32 

2.18 

1.18 

2.38 

1.38 

.704 

.847 

.763 

2.76

1.69

Depth in 

inches.

2.20 

3.34 

1.87 

1.47 

2.51 

1.32 

2.74 

1.59 

.786 

.970 

.851 

3.18

22. 8S

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER NEAR VININGS, GA.

This station was established in 1905, for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

measurements, at a new iron highway bridge 1 mile east of Vinings, Ga., and about 10 miles 

northwest of Atlanta, Ga. It is about 10 miles below the developed power at Bull Sluice.

The current of the section is fairly good, and regular, and while the bed is probably somewhat shifting there is a stretch of swift water immediately below, running among permanent 

rocks which will probably control the water level at the station. The left bank is high and 

will not overflow; the right bank is only about 20 feet above low water for a width of 900 feet 

and will overflow during very high floods.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge of two 140-foot spans, with 50 feet 

of wooden approach at the left bank and 100 feet at the right bank.
APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 83

No gage has been established. The effect of the water power above being to cause a great 

amount of fluctuation in the flow, the mean daily gage height can be obtained only by the 

use of an automatic recording gage, and until this is accomplished the measurements are 

made mainly as investigations relative to the accuracy of the rating in case the original 

Chattahoochee River station which was located at Oakdale, 4 miles below, should be continued at this place. Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the 

top of the upstream end of the second floor beam from the left bank; elevation, 31.00 feet 

above the datum of the assumed gage.

* 

Discharge measurements of Chattahoochee River near Vinings, Oa., in 1905.

Date.

October 17 ....

Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall....... ...................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

M.R. Hall. .........................

.....do...............................

Width.

Feet. 

249

250

256

238

242

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

1,130

1,081

1,057

761

820

Mean 

 velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.74

1.85

1.76

1.12

1.22

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.51

4.68

4.57

3.43

3.74

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,966

2,003

1,861

856

1,002

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER (LOWER GAGE) NEAR OAKDALE, GA.

This station was established in 1805, for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

measurements, at a new iron highway bridge just below the old Mason and Turners Ferry, 

where the Oakdale "lower gage" was maintained as a regular station during parts of the 

years 1898 and 1899. It is 1 \ miles below the Southern Railway bridge where the Oakdale station was located.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge of two 130-foot spans, with 300 feet 

of wooden approach at the right bank and 730 feet at the left. At high floods both banks 

will overflow to the extent of the bridge approaches, but can not get beyond at either 

end. The current is mostly swift and is irregular at places.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the top of the downstream end of the second-floor beam from the right bank; elevation, 35.00 feet above the 

datum of the assumed gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; Bull=Bulletin; WS=WaterSupply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, pp 85-87; Bull 140, pp 75-76; WS 15, p 46; 27, p 47;-36, pp 139-140; 48, p 158; 

65, p 269; 83, p 122; 98, pp 119-120; 127, pp 95-96.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 87; Bull 140, p 76; WS 15, p 46; 27, p 57; 36, p 140; 48, p 158; 65, p 269; 83, p 

122; 98, p 120; 127, p 96.

Discharge, monthly: Annl8,iv,p89; 19, iv",p236; 20, iv, pp 180,182; 21,iv,pl40; 22,iv,pl91; WS75, 

p 79; 83, p 124; 98, p 121; 127, p 98.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: Bull 140, p 77; WS 11, pp 23-24; 15, p46; 27,p50; 36, pp 141-142; 48, p 159; 65, p 270; 83, 

p 123; 98, p 120; 127, p 97.

Hydrographs: Ann 18, iv, p 89; 19, iv, p 236; 20, iv, p 182; 21, iv, p 141; 22, iv, p 191.

Rainfall and run-off relation: Ann 20, iv, p 181.

Rating tables: Ann 18, iv, p 88; 19, iv, p 235; WS 27, p 58; 39, pp 444, 445; 52,"p 513; 65, p 322; 86, p 

124; 98, p 121; 127, p 97.
84 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV. 

Discharge measurements of CJiattahoochee Elver (lower gage) near Oakdale, Ga., In 1905.

Date.

April 28.......

May 25........

May 25........

Ilydrographer.

M. R. Hall.. ... .. .......

W. E. Hall.......... ...... .......

A. T. Mitchelson ...................

Width.

Feet. 

236

254

254

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

553

1,572

1,625

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.32

2.98

2.98

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.11

8.16

8.30

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,284

4,687

4,845

C HATTAHOOCHEE RIVER AT WEST POINT, GA.

This station was established July 30, 1896, by M. E. Hall, and the gage is now maintained by the United States Weather Bureau. It is located at the Montgomery street 

wagon bridge.

The channel is straight for about 2,000 feet above and 3,000 feet below the station. The 

current has a fair velocity, except at low stages. The right bank is high and overflows 

only at high water, when most of the town is covered. The left bank is somewhat lower 

and overflows for about 800 feet at a gage height of 20 feet. The bed ot the stream is of 

sand and gravel and is unstable.

The bridge from which discharge measurements are made is in three spans, with short 

approaches from each end. The floor of the bridge is about 24 feet above low water. The 

initial point for soundings is the end of the hand rail on the right bank, downstream side 

of the bridge.

A standard chain gage is fastened to the outside of the iron railing of the downstream 

footway at a point 122 feet from the initial point for soundings; length of chain, 29.26 

feet.^ Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the downstream end of 

the second iron floor beam under the bridge floor from the right-bank end of the bridge; 

elevation, 24.19 feet. (2) The top of the thirty-eighth milepost on the Franklin and West 

Point survey of the United States Engineers. This post is a cast-iron cap 6 inches square, 

set in concrete, and approximately on a level with the ground, It is marked "U. S. 38." 

A raised point in the center of the cap is the bench mark; elevation, 15.68 feet. The location of this post is on the right bank of the river, 340 feet upstream from the wagon bridge 

and 50 feet from the edge of the river. It is 60 feet south of the Episcopal Church. (3) The 

top of the first marble block and bottom of the second marble block of the Confederate 

monument in the center of the street, 1,300 feet from the initial point for soundings and 

860 feet from the east end of the bridge; elevation, 25.56 feet. Elevations refer to the 

datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Eeport; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, pp 90-91; WS 15, p 47; 27, p 47; 36, p 142; 48, p 159, 65, p 270; 83, pp 119-120; 

98, pp 116-117; 127, pp 98-99.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 91; 19, iv, p 237; WS 15, p 47; 27, p 57; 36, p 142; 48, p 159; 65, p 270; 83, p 120; 

98, p 117; 127, p 99.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 18, iv, p 92; 19, iv, p 239; 20, iv, pp 180,183; 21, iv, p 141; 22, iv, p 192; WS 

75, p 80; 83, p 121; 98, p 119; 127, p 101.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: WS 11, p 24; 15, p 47; 27, p 51; 36, p 143; 48, p IfiO; 65, p 271; 83, p 120; 98, pp 117-118 ' 

127, p 100.

Hydrographs: Ann 19, iv, p 239; 20, iv, p 183; 21, iv, p 142; 22, iv, p 192; WS 75, p 80.

Rainfall and run-off relation: Ann 20, iv, p 181.

Rating tables: Ann 18, iv, p 91; 19, iv, p 238; WS 27, p 58; 39, p 445; 52, p 514; 65, p 322; 83, p 121; 98 

p 118; 127, p 100.
APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 85

Discharge measurements of CJmttahoochee River at West Point, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

March 24. .....

October 28. ....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

389

377

377

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

3,151

2,662

2,655

Mean, 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.28

.77

.85

Gage, 

height.

Feet. 

3.28

2.30

2.30

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

4,026

2,048

2,252

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga,, for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

Q

io... ...........

11

In

13.-----..--.-..

14-----...--....

15..............

16-----..--.....

17..--.....-....

18..............

19

20..............

21

00

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.............. 

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.3

0 0

2.6

2.8

2.6

3.0

2.7

3.4

12.6

10.6

10.2

5.5

4.0

36

34

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.3

2.3 

2.4

2.5

2.5

Feb.

2.6

2.5

o 4

2.4

. 2.7

3.0

3.2

4.0

8.5

8.3

7.3

7.0

9.2

8.9

8.5

6.1

4.8

4.3

3.9

3.8

4.5

6.9

9.3

6.0

4.9

4.4

4.0

3.8

Mar.

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.6

3.3

3.1

3.6

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.5

3.6

3.3

3.4

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.8 

2.8

2.8

2.7

Apr.

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.8

2.9

2.9

0 Q

0 0

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.8

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.0 

2.0

2.6

May.

3.3

2.5

2.7

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.1

2.9

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.3

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.8

3.0

3.7

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.9

4.1

4.0

5.0

4.1

3.5 

3.2

3.1

2.9

June.

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.2

2.5

2.2

2.9

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.9

2.2

2.2 

2.4

3.1

July2.8

4.4

7.8

4.9

3.2

2.9

3.9

4.9

7.8

4.8

4.2

^ 5.8

8.7

8.2

5.4

3.9

3.7

3.2

2.8

2.5

2.7

2.0

2.5

2.3

«.3

2.7

2.5

2.0 

1.4

2.6

2.3

Aug.

2.2

2.0

1.3

2.0

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.5

2.6

2.7

3.0

4.1

5.2

5.5

4.6

6.2

4.7

4.4

3.5

2.8

2.6

2.2

2.8

3.4

4.0

3.7

3.0

2.6 

2.0

2.1

2.0

Sept.

1.9

1.8

2.2

2.5

2.9

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3 

1.3

1.5

Oct.

1.99 

3.6

2.7

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.8

2.35

2.7

2.35

2.9

2.5

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.8

1:9

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.72

1.85

2.8

2.7

2.25 

2.1

2.0

1.98

Nov.

1.88

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.9

1.85

1.76

1.95

1.88

2.0

2.8

3.0

2.5

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.05

1.98

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.98

2.0

2.1 

2.1

2.1

.......

Dec.

2.15

1.98

10.6

13.6

10.2

6.2

4.2

5.3

9.8

8.8

8.9

6.4

4.6

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.5

5.4

9.4

8 7

7.1

6.0

4.9

4.4

4.0

3.8 

3.8

3.6

3.6

NOTE. From October 1 to December 31 two readings a day were made, before that, only one reading
86 STBEAM MEASUKEMJENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

Station rating \alle for Ohattahoochee River at West Point, Ga., from January 1, 1904, to

December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

800

850

920

1,000

1,090

1,180

1,280

1,380

1,490

1,600

1,720

1,840

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,970

2,100

2,240

2,380

2,530

2,680

2,840

3,000

3,170

3,340

3,520

1

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,700

3,890

4,080

4,280

4,500

4,720

4,940

5,160

5,380

5,830

6,290

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

6,760

7,240

7,740

8,240

8,740

9,260

9,780

10,300

10, 840

11,380

11,940

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 1.2 feet and 11.4 feet. Above gage height 6.5 feet the rating curve is a tangent, 

the difference being 290 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 3,300 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

29,340 

19,770 

4,500 

3,890 

7,740 

3,520 

18,030 

10,840 

3,170 

4,500 

3,340 

32,240

32,240

Minimum.

2,100 

2,380 

2,840 

1,840 

2,380 

1,380 

1,180 

1,090 

1,090 

1,280 

1,556 

1,816

1,090

Mean.

5,363 

8,915 

3,733 

2,930 

3,869 

2,257 

5,724 

3,743 

1,505 

2,032 

1,923 

10,380

4,365

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.63 

2.70 

1.13 

.888 

1.17 

.684 

1.73 

1.13 

.456 

.616 

.583 

3.15

1.32

Depth in 

inches.

1.88 

2.81 

1.30 

.991 

1,35 

.763 

1.99 

1.30 

.509 

.710 

' .650 

3.63

17.88

SOQTJE RIVER XEAR DEMOKEST, G A.

This station was established July 16, 1904, by M. K. Hall. It is located at Cannon 

Bridge, on the road from Cornelia to Acorn, 2J miles from Demorest and about 4 miles 

above the mouth of the river.

The channel is curved for 500 feet above and slightly curved for 500 feet below the station. The current is swift. Both banks are high and wooded. The right bank overflows 

during extreme high water. The bed of the stream is composed largely of rock and is permanent. There is but one channel at all stages.

Discharge measurements are made from the single-span wooden wagon bridge. The 

bridge has a 28-foot approach on the left bank and a 90-foot approach on the right bank. 

The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge on the upstream side at the left bank.

The gage is in two sections; the first is a vertical staff, reading from 0 to 10 feet, fastened 

to the sill and upstream post of the trestle bent at the left bank. An additional section,
APALACHICOLA EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 87

established September 12, 1905, is a vertical staff, reading from 0.7 foot to 6 feet, fastened 

to the stump of an ironwood tree on the right bank about 20 feet above the bridge. The 

gage is read once, each day by Charles Cannon. Bench marks were established as follows: 

(1) The top of' the upstream end of the right-bank wooden pier, marked with white paint; 

elevation, 21.20 feet. (2) A nail in the stump of the ironwood tree,-to which the second 

section of the gage is attached; elevation, 6.00 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the

A description of this station, gage-height and discharge data, and rating table, are contained in Water-Supply Paper of the United States Geological Survey No. 127, pages 102-103.

Discharge measurements of Soque River near Demorest, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

March 2. .......

May 27. ........

July 19. ........

October 23.....

 Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall... .......................

.....do..............................

Hoyt and Hall ......................

M. R. Hall.......-.-.--....-.--.-...

Width.

Feet. 

81 

81 

81 

81 

81 

81

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

235 

241 

237 

152 

143 

156

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.22 

1.38 

1.38 

1.29 

1.37 

1.08

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.12 

2.41 

2.26 

1.81 

1.81 

1.71

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

287 

334 

327 

196 

196 

168

Daily gage height, in feet, of Soque River near Demorest, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3-.....-.,.....

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 

15..............

16..............

17 .

18..............

19. .............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

2.25

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8

7.4

3.8

2.15 

2.1

2.0

1 Q

1.9

1.85

1.85

1 Q

1

Q

1 Q

1.75

1.75

1.7

2.0

1.9

1 8

1.7

1.7

Feb.

1.75

1.75

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.9

2.0

2.0

3.5

3.4

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.2

2.2

O 1

7.1

5.4

3.1

2

0

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.25

Mar.

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.4

2.15

2.2

2.15

2.1 

2.1

2.05

2.05

-0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2 0

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.9

Apr.

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8 '

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.8 

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.95

1.9

May.

1.9

1.95

2.1

2.0

1.95

3.5

3.35

9 4

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

1.9 

3.7

3.4

2.9

'1

2.0

2.0

2.1

4.0

2.8

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.8

2.7

2.1

June.

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.9

3.0

2.6

9 4

2 2

1.95 

1.8

1.95

2.1

2.0

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.1

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.85

11.9

July.

8.6

3.1

2.3

2.0

1.9

3.9

3.1

2 1

9 \

3.1

3.0

3.5

2 7

6.9 

4.3

4.3

2.7

2.3

4.1

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.1

2 1

2.0

1.95

2.0

2. 1

2.1

2.1

Aug.

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.7

2.7

2.3

2.8

4 2

3.5

2.6

2.5 

3.4

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.1

1.95

2.0

1.75

1.65

Sept.

1 Q

1 Q

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.8

Oct.

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.75

3.5

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.85 

. 1.8

1.8

1.8

18

1.8

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.75

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

Nov.

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

Dec.

1.7

1.7

6.8

3.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.95

6.6

3.0

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1 

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

3.1

3.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.1
88 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Soque River near Demorest, Ga.,from January 1 to December 31,1S05.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

151

171

193

217

243

271

300

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

330

361

393

426

460

495

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

531

568

606

645

685

725

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

>. 00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

770

815

860

905

950

1,000

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1904-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights, 1.6 feet and 4.2 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above 

gage height 4 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 50 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Soque River near Demorest, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 112 square miles.]

Month.-

April ........................................

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,700 

2,550 

361 

300 

1,000 

4,950 

3,300 

1,100 

217 

770 

217 

2,400

4,950

Minimum.

151 

182 

217 

193 

217 

193 

217 

161 

151 

171 

161 

171

151

Mean.

314 

527 

257 

210 

390 

455 

626 

343 

190 

222 

175 

474

349

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.80 

4.71 

2 29 

1.88 

3.48 

4.06 

5.59 

3.06 

1.70 

1.98 

1.56 

4.23

3.12

Depth in 

inches.

3.23 

4.90 

2.64 

2.10 

4.01 

4.53 

6.44 

3.53 

1.90 

2.28 

1.74 

4.88

42. 18

SWEETWATER CREEK JTEAR AITST-EI/L, GA.

This station was established May 6, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is located at the south 

side of Lithia Springs Park, near Austell, Ga. The station is maintained in cooperation 

with the Georgia Geological Survey, by which the gage reader is paid.

The channel is straight for about 300 feet above and 200 feet below the gage. The 

current is sluggish above the gage; below it is swift for about 50 feet at several places, 

with sluggish water between. Both banks are high and wooded, the right being composed 

of rock, and are not liable to overflow. There is but one channel at all stages.

Discharge measurements are made from a boat at low and ordinary stages about 400 

yards below the gage. High-water measurements are made from Strickland's wagon 

bridge, 1J miles down stream.

The gage is in two sections. The first section is an inclined staff, reading to 8 feet, 

fastened to solid rock on the right bank. The second section is a vertical staff, reading 

from 8 to 16 feet, fastened to a maple tree on the right bank about 100 feet upstream. 

The gage is read twice each day by J. L. Causey. Bench marks were established as follows: 

(1) A nail in a small maple on the right bank about 200 feet below the gage; elevation, 

5.00 feet. (2) A cross cut on a large rock about 10 feet south of the sloping section of the 

elevation, 10.00 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.
APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 89

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, p 93; 127, pp 103. 119.

Discharge: Ann 19, iv, p 240; WS 36, p 141; 83, pp 127, 128; 127, pp 104, 119.

Gage heights: WS 127, p 104.

Discharge measurements of Sweetwater Creek near AusteU, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

March 7 6 ......

October 7 «... .

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall.........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

M. R. HaU. .........................

.....do..............................

W. E. Hall.........................

.....do..............................

M. R. Hall..........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

67

67

65

45

45

35

35

42

42

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

283

280

. 263

146

142

126

126

119

118

Mean, 

velocity.

Feet per 

second. 

0.80

.78

.76

1.01

.96

3.56

3.48

1.03

1.01

Gage. . 

height.

Feet. 

3.02

3.01

2.80

2.13

2.10

4.44

4.44

1.91

1.89

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

227

220

200

147

136

448

438

123

119

a At boat landing below gage.

6 1,000 feet below gage.

c Measurement made one-third mile east of Austell, Ga.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sweetwater Creek near Austell, Oa.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

.8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

^!1

Jan.

2.1

2.05

2.1

2.05

2.0

3.3

2.8

2.75

2.55

2.3

2.8

11.2

14.4

11.4

4.7

3.4

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.45

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.4

Feb.

3.0

2.6

2.45

2.55

2.5

2.55

4.4

7.2

10.2

8.6

6.0

6.5

6.8

6.4

6.0

5.6

5.3

5.2

6.6

7.1

6 9

5.5

4.4

3.7

3.4

3.2

3.2

Mar.

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.85

3.4

4.0

4.1

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.75.

2.7

2.85

3.7

3.7

3.1

2.85

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.5

Apr.

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.55

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.8

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.55

2.8

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2 2

2.15

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.5

2.6

May.

2.75

2.35

2.45

2.55

2.35

2.45

2.1

2.15

2.4

2.1

1.75

1.65

1.65

1.7

2.85

4.0

2.7

2.05

1.9

1.85

2.45

° 9

5.1

4.5

3.3

2.7

2 4

2.3

2.3

2.0

June.

1.75

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.55

1.35

1 45

1.25

1.25

1.0

1.15

1.45

1.55

1.55

1.45

1.35

1.5

1.95

1.4

2.7

2.5

2.1

2.85

3.0

3.6

2.7

July.

4.0

3.6

9 55

2.2

5.6

4.6

11.6

8.6

8.8

9.2

16.7

3.4

2.9

2.65

2.3

2.25

2.3

2.1

1.85

2.4

1.9

1.75

1 9

2.15

1.8

Aug.

1.8

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.45

1.8

3.1

3.4

4.7

8.2

4.4

3.9

4.4

3.9

3.8

3.6

2.8

2.65

2.85

3.9

5.8

6.5

4.1

2.8

2.05

1.9

1.7

1.7

Sept.

1.85

1.95

2.1

3.3

2.7

2.55

1.65

1.55

1.55

1.0

1.1

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.35

1.35

1.45

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.25

1.25

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.15

1.15

1.65

Oct.

7.2

5.4

2.8

2.45

1.85

1.6

2.4

2.35

2.2

2.0

1.95

2.0

2.1

1.4

1.8

1.7

1.75

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.85

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.8

1 7^

Nov.

1.85

1.7

1.55

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.8

1.8

2.6

3.4

3.0

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.95

2.0

1.95

2.05

1.9

1.95

2.1

2.5

2.65

2.6

2.25

2.02

Dec.

2.05

2.45

9.6

12.9

6.7

4.0

3.6

5.8

10.2

11.6

6.4

4.0

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.6

5.2

6.4

6.1

5.7

5.2

4.9

4.4

4.0

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.4
90 STREAM MEASUREMENTS TN 1905, PART IV.

MULBERRY CREEK NEAR COLUMBUS, GA.

This station was established June 23, 1904, by W. E. Hall, for the purpose of making 

a series of miscellaneous measurements. It is located at Mitchells Bridge, about 16 miles 

north of Columbus, Ga., and 12 miles south of Hamilton, Ga. Mulberry Creek is a tributary of Chattahoochee River, which it enters about 6 miles west of the station.

The channel is straight for about 50 feet above and 200 feet below the bridge. The 

current is rather sluggish above and swift below the station. Both banks are high and 

not liable to overflow. The right bank is clean; the left bank is wooded and covered 

with brush. The bed of the stream is composed of rock and sand. There is but one channel 

at all stages, broken by one wooden pier. The bottom is very uneven, causing the current 

to change directions during low water.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the two-span highway 

bridge, resting upon stone abutments and center wooden pile bent. The initial point for 

soundings is the left end of the bridge on the downstream side.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the top of the 

downstream end of the wooden cap of center pile bent; elevation, 32.00 feet above the 

datum of the assumed gage.

A description of this station and discharge data are contained in Water-Supply Paper 

of the United States Geological Survey No. 127, page 105.

Discharge measurements of Mulberry Creek near Columbus, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

June 17........

September 26 . .

Hydrograplier.

-

W. E. Hall..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. , 

41

41

34

34

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

68

68

0038

38

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.13

1.21

.44

.46

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.63

1.63

1.00

1.01

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

77

82

16.6

17.7

FLINT RIVER NEAR WOOIJBURY, GA.

Measurements of the flow of Flint River were made during 1897 and 1898 at Molina, Ga., 

but the river bed was so shifting that the station was discontinued June 2, 1898. Two 

measurements were made in 1899 at the Macon and Birmingham Railroad bridge, 

near Woodbury, Ga., 5 miles below the Molina station. March 29, 1900, a gage was put 

in near this bridge and the station was reestablished.

The channel above and below the station is slightly curved for 800 feet. Above gage 

height 10 feet the banks are subject to overflow for a width of 300 or 400 feet, but all 

water passes beneath the bridge and its approaches. The bridge and its piers are oblique 

to the-direction of the current, and the bed is rough and irregular and mostly permanent.

Discharge measurements are made from the Macon and Birmingham Railroad bridge. 

This is a two-span iron bridge, each span being 150 feet long and supported by brick piers. 

There are wooden trestle approaches, about 150 feet long on the right bank and 225 feet 

long on the left. The initial point for soundings is the end of the iron bridge, on the right 

bank, downstream side.

The gage is in 5-foot sections; the part reading from zero to 10 feet is attached to a 

willow tree on the left bank about 300 feet above the bridge and 50 feet below Riggins's 

old ferry; the section reading from 10 to 15 feet is fastened to a sweet-gum tree 50 feet 

from the left bank and 150 feet upstream from the bridge. This gage was maintained 

by the Georgia geological survey until November 1, 1900, when it was adopted by the 

United States Weather Bureau. The observer is G. A. Wright, who is paid by the Weather 

Bureau. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the downstream end 

of the second and third crossbeams from the left-bank end of the bridge; elevation, 27.00 feet. 

(2) A cut in the hickory tree on the upstream side of the old ferry landing, 50 feet from
APALACHICOLA EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 91

the left bank of the river and about 75 feet upstream from the gage; elevation, 7.00 feet. 

(3) A copper plug set in solid rock on the west side of the river about 100 feet from the 

water and 100 feet upstream from a point opposite the gage; elevation, 16.29 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage, which is 660 feet above sea level.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: WS 48, pp 157-158; 65, pp 265-266; '83, p 117; 98, pp 113-114; 127, pp 105-100, 119.

Discharge: Ann 19, iv, p 240; WS 48, p. 158; 65, p 266; 83, p 118; 98, p 114; 127, pp 106, 119.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 22, iv, p 190; WS 75, p 78; 83, p 119; 98, p 116; 127, p 109.

Gage heights: WS 48, p 158; 65, p 266; 83, p 118; 98, p 115; 127, p 107.

Hydrograph: Ann 22, iv, p 190.

Rating tables: WS 52, p 513; 65, p 321; 83, p 119; 98, p 115; 127, p 108.

Discharge measurements of Flint River near Woodbury, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

March 10.......

April 21. .......

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall... ...................... .

M.R. Hall............. .............

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

253

246

235

238

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

885

644

620

622

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second. 

0.95

.84

.49

.28

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.91

.52

.03

-.28

Discharge.

Secondfeet. 

844

544

307

173

Daily gage height, in feet, of Flint River ne,ar Woodbury, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1

..............

a::::::::::::" ;-----

6..............

7... ...........

8... ...........

q

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13.....---......

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18.. ............

19.............. 

20. .............

21

99

23..... .........

24..............

25. .............

26. .............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

01

Jan.

0.9

.6

.7 

.6

.5

.5

.6

.7

.6

.9

2.1

2.0

1 Q ;;

1.3

1.0

.8 

.8

.8

.7

.0

.5

.4

.3

.3

.4

Feb.

0.5

.5

.4 

.4

.6

1.0

1.9

3.0

3.2

2.7

3.5

5.4

C.3

4.9

3,5

2.5

1.7 

1.5

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.0

Mar.

1.0

.9

.8

.6

.8

.8

.8

.8

.9

1.0

i i

 

1.3

1.2

1.0

.9

q

g

.7 

.6

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.0

.7

.7

.6

.0

Apr.

0.6

.5

.5 

.5

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.0

.8

.8

.8

.7

.6 

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.5

.6

May.

0.7

.6

.7 

1.2

1.4

1.3

.9

.8

.8

.4

.3

.3

.4

.5

.3 

o

,4

.8

.5

.3

,-,

June.

0.1

.2

9

.0

_ 9

-.2

.2

.1

.1 

.0

.0

.4

0

.1

.3

July.

1.7

2.0

2.0 

1.5

1.3

1.0

.6

q

1.2

1.2

.7

.6

.4

.2

.1 

.4

.1

.3

.0

-.1

.3

.1

.0

.1

.3

.1

Aug.

0.1

.0

__ 1

-.1

_ o

0

_ 3

9

.5

9 9

2.3

2 3

f) i

2.0

1.8

3.9

1.5

.8

.6

.4

.4

1.2

1.0

.9

.1

Sept.

0.0

.0

2 

.6

.3

.0

_ Q

_ 2

.0

_'i

_ ,

-.:-}

-.4

 .4

-.4

_ 4

 4

Oct.

0.3

.6

.4 

.6

.7

.4

9

.0

-.1

.0

.1

.3

.4

.4

.3

.2

.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

-.1

.8

.0

5

.3

.3

Nov.

- 0.2

.1

.1 

.1

.1

.0

.1

.1

.1

9

q

1.1

1.0

.8

.6

.4

. .3

.2

o

2

.2

o

o

o

.3

Dec.

0.4

.3

2.9 

4.0

5.0

4.4

3.4

2.1

2.7

2.9

3.0

2.7

2.1

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.4

].3

1.2 

2.5

 5.3

5.4

4.8

4.5

2.8

2.2

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3
92 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Flint River near Woodbury, Ga.,from January 1,1904, to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

- 0.50

-.40

-.30

-.20

-.10

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

120

150

180

210

240

280

320

360

410

470

540

620

705

800

900

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1..40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,005

1,115

1,225

1,340

1,455

1,570

1,685

1,800

1,920

2,040

2,160

2,280

2,400

2,520

2,640

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,760

2,890

3,020

3,150

3,280

3,410

3,545

3,680

3,820

3,960

4,100

4,240

4,390

4,540

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.50

J7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

4,690

4,840

5,160

5,480

5,820

6,160

6,520

6,880

7,260

 7, 640

8,040

8,450

9,550

10, 750

The above table is based on 21 discharge measurements made during 1901-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 0.3 foot and 4.5 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits, being based on one measurement at 9.2 feet.

Estimated monthly discharge of Flint River near Woodbury, Oa.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 988 square miles.]

Month.

July. ..................... ......... ..........

The year. ..............................

Jjiscfla:

Maximum.

2,280

9,100

1,340

1,225

1,455

540

2,890

4,690

620

800

1,115

7,260

9,100

-ge in second

Minimum.

410

470

540

470

360

210

240

180

120

240

280

410

120

-leet.

Mean.

837

2,454

885

751

627

334

789

1,164

251

412

446

3,016

997

.KunSecond-feet 

per square 

mile.

.847

2.48

.896

.760

.635

.338

.799

1.18

.254

.417

.451

3.05

1.01

3H.

Depth iu 

inches.

.976

2.58

1.03

.848

.732

.377

.921

1.36

.283

.481

.503

3.52

13.61

FLINT BIVER NEAR MONTEZUMA, GA.

This station is located at the iron highway bridge about 1 mile west of Montezuma, Ga. 

Some discharge measurements had already been made at this point when the United States 

Weather Bureau established a standard chain gage on the bridge, late in 1904. During 

1905 the daily gage heights have been furnished by the Weather Bureau.

The channel is slightly curved above and below the station, which is near the point of 

reverse between the curves. The current is moderate. The right bank will overflow for a 

great distance at about 12 feet above low water. It is mostly covered with a dense growth 

of brush. The left bank is not apt to overflow. The bed is sandy and probably shifting 

and the current is slow at low stage, especially near the left bank.
APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 93

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge of two 100-foot spans, with a short 

trestle approach on the left bank and a very long one across the marshy ground on the 

right bank. The initial point for soundings is the end of the left-bank approach, downstream side.

The gage is located on the upstream side of the right span of the bridge near -the middle 

pier. The bench mark is the top of the upstream tubular pier at the middle of the bridge; 

elevation, 28.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Discharge measurements of Flint River near Montesuma, Ga.

Date.

1901. 

July 18.........

1904.

1905.

October 12. ....

Hydrographer.

.....do...............................

W.E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet.

188

198

195

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

1,976

1,300

1,553

1,393

1,326

Mean, 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.21

.75

1.03

.90

.86

Gage, 

height.

Feet. 

4.38

1.85

3.15

2.41

2.25

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

2,398

971

1,608

1,249

1,148

Daily gage "height, in feet, of Flint River near Montezuma, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

9

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7

g

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29. .............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

5.1

4.4

4.1

4.7

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.4

4.0

4.6

7.6

7.2

6.4

5.7

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.3

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

Feb.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.5

3.7

5.4

7.4

9.2

10.5

12.0

14.0

15.0

17.3

17.1

15.5

13.9

12.5

10.0

9 0

8.5

9 0

9 3

9.5

8.0

7.2

6.5

Mar.

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

6.0

6.4

6.7

8.2

8.6

6.7

6.0

5.5

5.2

5.0

5.8

6.4

8.0

7.2

6.6

6.0

5.7

5.2

4.9

4.7

4.5

Apr.

4.3

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.3

4.8

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.5

5.6

7.6

8.5

7.1

5.7

5.0

4.7

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.0

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.7

May.

3.6

3.6

4.5

5.3

6.0

5.7

5.6

6.3

6.2

4.8

4.3

3.9

3.5

3.2

3.2

5.1

6.6

5.6

4.8

3.6

3.5

3.3

4.6

6.0

6.2

5.2

5.0

4.2

3.6

3.7

June.

4.0

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.1

3.2

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.5

3.4

2.9

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.9

July.

3.3

5.1

6.5

7.5

7.5

5.8

5.0

3.9

3.2

2.5

2.5

3.0

4.0

4.4

4.0

3.7

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.2

2

n

1 9

1.8

Aug.

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

2.3

5.2

6.6

7.0

7.6

8.2

7.7

7.4

7.1

7.7

7.4

5.0

3.7

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.7

4.3

3.5

q 9

2.8

2.5

Sept.

2.3

3.3

4.6

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.2

2.5

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

2.7

2.9

2.3

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.4

Oct.

1.8

4.1

4.0

3.2

3.3

3.0

3.4

2.9

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.4

3.7

3.4

3.0

2.2

Nov.

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.6

4.1

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.0

3.2

2.9

2.5

2.5

2.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.0

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

Dec.

2.4

2.3

2.6

3.9

7.0

8.2

9.0

9.7

9.9

8.8

8.7

8.5

8.6

8.2

7.0

6.2

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.6

8.0

10.0

11.7

13.7

13.9

13.0

11.8

9.4

7 9

6.8

6.6
94 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

FLINT RIVER AT ALBANY, GA.

This station was originally established by the United States Weather Bureau April 10, 

1893, and has been maintained from that date to the present. Discharge measurements 

by the Geological Survey were begun at this station in 1901, and the gage-height records 

furnished by the Weather Bureau have been used, except for a portion of the year 1903. 

The present observer, D. W. Brosnan, is paid by the United States Weather Bureau.

The channel above the station is straight for about 1,000-feet and is rough. Below the 

station the channel is straight for 700 feet. The river overflows both banks, but only 

under the approaches to the bridge. The bed is constant, but is rough, and the current is 

irregular.

Discharge measurements are made from the two-span railroad bridge of the Atlantic 

Coast Line, which is 325 feet long, with 475 feet of trestle approach on the right bank and 

240 feet on the left Lank. The initial point for soundings is the center of the tubular iron 

pier on the upstream side of the bridge on the left bank.

The gage was washed out and replaced in 1898. It was again injured in 1902, and was 

replaced by a new gage June 17, 1902. The new gage was set 0.75 foot lower than the old 

gage as it existed prior to June 17, 1902. The gage heights were corrected from January 

1 to June 17, 1902, inclusive, to correspond with the new gage. The Weather Bureau gage 

is attached to the Dougherty County Bridge, located about 700 feet below the Atlantic 

Coast Line bridge. It is in three sections. Section No. 1 is attached to the crib around 

the middle piers and extends to 4 feet above zero. Section No. 2 is spiked to a green 

cypress tree just above the bridge on the west bank of the river, and reads from 2 to 17 

feet. Section No. 3 is spiked to a cedar post 16 feet high. This section begins at 17 feet 

and reads to 32 feet.

A standard chain gage belonging to the United States Geological Survey was installed 

April 20, 1904. It is fastened to the hand railing of the downstream footway of the Dougherty County Bridge near the middle of the west spaa. The gage was accurately set to correspond with the bench marks previously established, and its readings agree with the standard portion of the Weather Bureau gage. The bottom of the box is 45.34 feet above the 

zero of the gage, and the length of the chain is 47.34 feet.

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) A copper plug set in the downstream corner 

of the brick abutment on the right bank under the Dougherty County Bridge; elevation, 

33.81 feet. . (2) The top of the first crossbeam from the right bank, upstream end of the 

railroad bridge; elevation, 43.20 feet. (3) A chisel mark on the tubular pier of the wagon 

bridge on the right bank, downstream side; elevation, 10.00feet. (4) The top of the third 

granite block of the Confederate monument at the center of Jackson and Pine streets. This 

is at the bottom of the polished block which bears the inscription; elevation, 61.09 feet. 

Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 27, p 4"; 36, p 138; 48, pp 156-157; 65, p 26G; 83, pp 114-115; 98, pp 105-107; 127, pp 109-111.

Discharge: 65, p 266; S3, p 115; 98, p 107; 127, p 111.

Discharge, monthly: 83, p 117; 98, p 108; 127, p 113. 

Gage heights: 27, pp 49-50; 36, p 139; 48, p 157; 65, p 267; 83, pp 115-116; 98, p 107; 127, p 112.

Rating tables: 83, p 116; 98, p 108; 127, p 113.
APALAOHIOOLA RIVEE DEAINAGE BASIN. 95

Discharge measurements of Flint River at Albany, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

April 26.......

Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall................. .........

.....do..............................

W.E. Hall. .........................

Width.

Feet. 

242

226

220

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

2,212

1,470

1, 551

1,436

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second. 

2.89

2.09

2.34

1.84

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.38

1.42

1.82

.79

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

6,398

3,073

3,t>34

2,640

Daily gage height, in feet, of Flint River at Albany, 6a.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

9

3..............

4..............

5..............

1... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.............. 

13.............. 

14 .............

15..............

16..............

17.............. 

18.............. 

19..............

20.............. 

21..............

22..............

23

24..............

25....... .......

26..............

28..............

29. .............

30..............

Jan.

4.2

3.8

2.6

2.0

2.3

2.7

2.7

2.3

2.1 

2.6 

3.4

4.6

6.0

6.4 

6.1 

5.6

4.8 

4.0

3.6 

3.4

3 3

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.8

2 5

2.3

Feb.

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

9 9

2.6

3.2

5.2

6.7

8.3

10.9 

15. 5 

18.4

21.4

25.2

25.3 

24.5 

23.8

22.7 

21.2

19.1 

17.0

14.0

12.0

lo'.i

9.0

Mar.

8.0

7.2

6.7

6.3

5.9

c 7

5.2

5.8

6.0

7.8 

9.6 

10.7

10.3

10.1

9.3

8.1 

7.0

6.3 

8.0

9.3 

10.1

9.7

9.5

8.2

7.2

6.4

5.8 

5.4

Apr.

5.0

4.7

4

K

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.2

5.0

5.4

5.6

6.0 

7.9 

9 4

10.6

J.S

9.1 

7.6 

6.3

ft. 4

4,8

4.7 

4.9

4.9

4.7

' 4.4

4.4

4.4

4.6

4.7

May.

4.G

4.2

4.9

5.9

6.4

6.7

6.6

5.4

\ <J

4.0 

3.6

2 7

2.5

2.7 

3.7

4.8

5.0 

4.3

3.5

o c

4.3

4.5

5.4 "4.4

3.7

?..o

Juno.

2.8

3.1

3.2

2.7

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.4

1.2

1.1 

1.0 

1.0

1.6 

1.9 

2.0

2.4 

1.8

2.0

1.6

1.9

2.4

2.5

0 9

1.5

1.4

1.8

July.

1.9

2.4

3.0

4.0

4.4

4.4

4.0

o q

9 2

1.5

1.6 

1.7 

1.5

1.3

1.8

1.8 

1.4

1.2 

1.0

.9

.7

.8

.5

.8

.8

Aug.

0.5

.4

.4

.4

.2

9

5

1 ^

3.1

4.2 

5 9

5.6

5.8

o 8 

5.2 

4.6

4.5 

4.6

3.8 

2.4

1.7

1.4

1.7

1.7

l.d 

1.1

Sept.

0.8

.8

1.1

1.6

2.5

2.0

1.6

1.5

.7

. - 3 

.5 

.3

0

.1

.4 

.4

0

.1

.0

.0

-.1

-.1'

_ 0

_ 9

_ 4

_ 2

-.3

Oct.

0.0

1.0

1.8

2.5

2 2

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.6

l.S

1.7

.9

.8 

.8

.3

.8

.9 

.5

.7 

.5

.4 

.4

.3

.0

.4

.6

1.3

1.3

1.4

Nov.

1.2

.8

.7

.6

.6

.4

.6

.5

.3

.4

.8

1.2 

1.9 

3.1

2.4

2.7

1.7 

1.6 

1 2

1.2 

1.0

.8 

.6

.6

.8

.7

1.0

1.0

.9

Dec.

0.8

.7

1.1

1.3

9 2

3.6

4.5

5.1

6.0

6.6

7.0

6.J 

6.5 

G.O

6.4

6.3

5.7 

5.55 

5.3

6.3 

6.0

6.8 

9.2

10.9

11.8

12.6

13.4

13.6

13.3

11.9

9.8
96 STKEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Flint River at Albany, Ga.,from January 1,1904, to December 31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-.50

-.40

-.30

-.20

-.10

0.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,480

1,560

1,645

1,730

1,815

1,900

1,985

2,070

2,155

2,240

2,330

2,420

2,510

2,600

2,690

2,780

2,870

2,960

3, 050

3,140

3, 235

3,330

Gage 

he.ight.

Feet.

1.70'

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,425

3,520

3,615

3,710

3,805

3,900

4,000

4,100

4,200

4,300

4,400

4,500

4,600

4,700

4,805

4,910

5, 015

5,120

5,225

5,330

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20'

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

5,435 7.80

5,540

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,645

5,750

5,970

6,190

6,410

6,630

6,850

7,080

7,310

7,540

7,770

8,000

8,230

8,460

8,690

8,920

9,150

9,380

9,610

9,840

10, 070

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

10.50

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00

13.50

14.00

14.50

15.00

15.50

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

10,300

10,900

11,500

12,100

12, 700

13, 350

14,000

14, 675

15,350

16,050

16, 750

17, 525

18,300

19, 150

20,000

20, 850

21,700

23,400

25,200

27,000

28,900

The above table is based on 22 discharge measurements made during 1902-190.5. It is well defined 

between gage heights 0 and 6 feet. Above gage height 6 feet the table is approximate.

Estimated monthly discharge of Flint-River at Albany, Ga.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 5,000 square miles.]

Month.

April ........................................

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,460 

38,970 

13,610 

13,480 

8,805 

4,910 

6,190 

7,885 

4,200 

4,200 

4,805 

17,680

38,970

Minimum.

3,710 

3,900 

6,965 

5,750 

4,200 

2,780 

2,330 

1,985 

1,560 

1,900 

2,155 

2,510

1,560

Mean.

5,156 

17,540 

9,862 

7,622 

6,348 

3,636 

3,532 

4,140 

2,343 

2,794 

2,854 

9,232

6,255

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.03 

3.51 

1.97 

1.52 

1.27 

.727 

.706 

.828 

.469 

.559 

.571 

1.85

1.25

Depth in 

inches.

1.19 

3.66 

2.27 

1.70 

1.46 

.811 

.814 

.955 

.523 

.644 

.637 

2.13

16.79
APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIIST. 97

BIG POTATO CREEK NEAR THOMASTON, GA.

This station was established in 1904 for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

measurements. It is located at the highway bridge about 5 miles southwest of Thomaston 

Ga., 200 yards above Daniel's old gristmill.

The channel is curved for about 200 feet above and straight for 300 feet below the station. The current is fairly swift except at very low stages. Both banks are subject to 

occasional overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of rock and gravel, free from vegetation, and probably constant. There is but one channel at all stages, broken during the 

higher water by the piers of the bridge.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single-span iron 

bridge, which has trestle approaches of about 100 feet at each end. The initial point for 

soundings is the left end of the bridge on the downstream side.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench marks, which are as follows: (1) 

The top of the downstream end of the first floor beam from the left bank; elevation, 23.00 

feet. (2) A chisel mark on the intermediate post at the downstream end of the second floor 

beam; elevation, 28.00 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the assumed gage.

A description of this station and discharge data are contained in Water-Supply Paper of 

the United States Geological Survey No. 127, pp. 114, 120.

Discharge measurements of Big Potato Creek near Thomaston, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

September 21 6.

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall..........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

30

69

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

21

96

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.48

.21

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.60

1.53

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

31

20

a 700 feet below bridge.

6 Measured at Daniel's mill bridge.

NOTE. There is a mill some distance above this point, which affects the flow more than was at first 

thought, making the discharge measurement of little or no value.

MUCK ALEE CREEK NEAR LEESBURG, GA.

This station was established in 1905 for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

low-water measurements in connection with the regular station on Kinchafoonee Creek. It 

is located about 3 miles east of Leesburg, Ga., at a wooden highway bridge consisting of 

two truss spans, with trestle approaches about 50 feet each.

The current is slow at low water. The right bank will overflow at moderately heigh water 

for a long distance.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the top of the 

upstream end of the wooden cap of the middle bent of the bridge; elevation, 17.00 feet 

above the datum of the assumed gage.

Discharge measurements at this station are contained in Water-Supply Paper of the 

United States Geological Survey No. 98, p. 128.

Discharge measurements of Muckalee Creek near Leesburg, Ga., in 1905.

Date. Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall..........................

.Width.

Feet. 

73

G8

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

244

300

Mean, 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

0.79

.96

Gage, 

height.

Feet. 

2.02

2.75

Discharge.

Secondfeet. 

192

288

IRE 168 06-
98 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

KINCHAFOONEE CREEK NEAR LEESBURG, GA.

This station was established August 30, 1905, by F. A. Murray. It. is located at the iron 

highway bridge 1 mile east of Leesburg, Ga.

The channel is nearly straight for about 400 feet above and below the station, and the 

current is mostly swift. The right bank is lower than the bridge and will probably overflow at times around the end of the bridge approach. The left bank will not overflow. 

The bed of the stream is sandy, and the current is good, except for a small amount of sluggish water at the left bank.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single-span bridge. 

The initial point for soundings is the left end of the bridge.

The present gage is a temporary vertical rod, which was intended for low-water observations, attached to a cypress tree at the right edge of the water 150 feet above the bridge. 

It was read by J. M. Johnson until December 1, 1905. The bench mark is the top of the 

downstream end of the second floor beam from the left end of the bridge; elevation, 23.00 

feet above the datum of the gage.

Discharge data at this station are contained in Water-Supply Paper of the United States 

Geological Survey, No. 98, p. 128.

Discharge measurements of Kinchafoonee Creek near Leesburg, Ga., in 1905.

Date. Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall.. ........................

Width.

Feet. 

90

90

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

180

238

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.20

1.35

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.98

1.70

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

216

323

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kinchafoonee Creek near Leesburg, Ga., for 1905.

Day.

1.. ...............

9

3.................

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.................

10.................

11............... .

12.................

13.................

14.............. ..

15............ ....

10.................

Aug. Sept.

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.8

.9

1.0

Oct.

1.8

3.0

2.9

2.6

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.8

1 9

1.7

1.6

Nov.

1.45

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1 9

1.3

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.0

Dec.

1.7

1

Day.

17.................

18.................

19.................

20.................

21...,...........\.

22.. ...............

23.................

24.................

25. ................

26. ................

27.................

28.................

29.................

30.................

31.................

Aug.

1.0

1.0

Sept.

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

.8

1.0

Oct.

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1 ^

1.5

1.55

1.5

Nov.

1.8

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.7

1.8

1.7

Dec.

IOHAWAYNOCHAWAY CREEK AT MIL-FORD, GA.

This station was established August 29, 1905, by F. A. Murray. It is located at the 

wagon bridge at Milford, Ga., 9 miles east of Leary, Ga., the railway point from which it 

is reached.

The channel is straight for 800 feet above and balow the bridge. The current is moderately swift and is smooth except where it is broken by the bridge bents.
APALACBICOLA EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 99

Discharge measurements ars made from tho downstream side of the bridge, an old 

wooden structure supported by bants, six of which are in the water at ordinary stages. 

The initial point for soundings is the end of the hand rail at the left bank, downstream side.

The present gage is a temporary staff for low-water observations attached to the downstream post of the first bent from the left bank. It is read once each day by W. J. Kidd. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the upstream cap of the first 

bent from the left bank; elevation, 15.00 feet. (2) A nail in a cypress tree at the left edge 

of the water, 30 feet below the bridge; elevation, 10.00 feet. Elevations refer to the datum 

of the gage.

Discharge measurements of Ichawaynochaway Creek at Milford, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

October 16. ....

Hyd rographer.

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

Ill

116

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

458

452

Mean 

velocity.

feet per 

second.

0.79

.85

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.89

3.05

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

364

386

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ichawaynochaway Creek at Milford, Ga., for 1905.

Day.

1.................

2.................

3.................

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.................

9.................

10.................

11.................

12.................

13..*..............

14.................

15.................

16.................

Aug. Sept.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.55

2 7

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.9

Oct.

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.5

3.1

3.15

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

Nov.

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.15

3.25

3.35

3.4

3.45

3.5

3.55

3.6

3.6

3.6

Dec.

2.9

2.9

2.95

3.0

3.1

3.25

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.65

3.7

3.9

4.0

4.05

4.05

Day.

17.................

1 Q

1O

20.................

91

22.................

OQ

24.................

OK

26.................

27.................

00

29.................

30.................

31.................

Aug.

......

2.9

2.85

2.8

Sept.

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.62

2.92

Oct.

3.05

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.35

3.5

3.45

3.3

3.2

3.15

3.05

Nov.

"3.55

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

Dec.

4.05

4.0

4.0

4.15

4.7

5.0

5.5

6.0

5.9

5.4

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN APALACHICOJLA 

DRAINAGE BASIN.

RIVER

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements made in Apalachicola 

River drainage basin during 1905:

Blue Spring near Albany, Ga. This spring is located about 4 miles below Albany, Ga., 

on the county road leading to Hardaway. A measurement was made of the two channels 

through which the water flows from the spring April 26, 1905.

Width, 33 feet; area, 30 square feet; mean velocity, 2.30 feet per second; discharge, 69 second-feet.

Buck Creek near Montezuma, Ga.- This stream enters Flint River from the right about 1 

mile west of Montezuma, Ga. A measurement was made August 23, 1905, at an old tramroad trestle about 1 mile above the mouth of the creek. The bench mark is the top of the 

upstream end of the cap of the first bent from the left edge of the stream; elevation, 12.00 

feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 49 feet; area, 118 square feet; mean velocity, 1.42 feet per second; gage height, 2.20 feet; discharge, 167 second-feet.
100 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Cliattalioochee River near Columbus, Ga. A measurement was mad? September 25, 1905, 

from a boat held by cabb stretched across the. channels of the river about 8 miles upstream 

from Columbus and about 1J miles above the mouth of Standingboy Creek. The bench 

mark is the top of a large wire nail which is driven into the baso of an ash tree which stands 

about 25 feet'below Narramore's spring branch; elevation, 5.00 f?et above the datum of 

the assumed gage.

Width, 282 feet; area, 1,150 square, feet; mean velocity, 0.98 foot per second; gage height, 1.75 feet; 

discharge, 1,125 second-feet.

ChicTcasawhachee Creek 'Hear Newton, Ga. A measurement was made August 26, 1905, 

at McRainey Bridge, about 10 miles west of Newton, Ga. The initial point for soundings 

is the end of the bridge at the left bank, downstream side. The bench mark is the top of 

the downstream end of the middle bent of the bridge; elevation, 12.50 feet above the datum 

of the assumed gage.

Width, 35 feet; area, 38 square feet; mean velocity, 0.92 foot per second; gage height, 0.80 foot; discharge, 35 second-feet.

Coolawahee Creek near Newton, Ga. A measurement was made August 28, 1905, from 

the downstream side of a wooden wagon bridge about 1 mile north of Newton, Ga. The 

bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the floor plank at a point 1 foot to the 

left of the center post; elevation, 11.50 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 23 feet; area, 24 square feet; mean velocity, 1.62 feet per second; gage height, 0.70 foot; discharge, 25.5 second-feet.

Elkins Creek near Thunder, Ga. Measurements were made, during 1905 at a wooden 

wagon bridge 1 mile north of Thunder, Ga., about 200 feet ielow a small gristmill. As 

the flow at low water depends on the operation of the mill, the measured discharges do not 

give the natural flow of the stream. The bench mark is a notch and copper nails on 

the upstream main brace of the truss of the bridge, 85 feet from the left end of the truss; 

elevation, 24.00 feet above, the datum of the assumed gage.

 April 21: Width, 42 feet; area, 38 square feet; mean velocity, 1.79 feet per second; gage height, 2.07 

feet; discharge, 68 second-feet.

September 27: Width, 28 feet; area, 10 square feet; mean velocity, 0.73 foot per second; gage height, 

1.45 feet; discharge, 7.3 second-feet.

Flint River near Thomaston, Ga. A measurement was made September 20, 1905, at 

Barkers Bridge, about 7 miles west of Thomaston, Ga. The bench mark is the tSp of 

the upstream end of the first floor beam from the middle pier in the first iron span from 

the right bank; elevation, 35.00 feet above the datum, of the assumed gage.

Width, 136 feet; area, 158 square feet; mean velocity, 1.39 feet per second; gage height, 5.00 feet; 

discharge, 219 second-feet.

Flint River near Woodbury, Ga. A measurement was made April 21, 1905, from the 

downstream side of Powells Bridge, about 5 miles above the regular gaging station near 

Woodbury, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the right upstream post of the first pier 

from the right bank; elevation, 15 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 143 feet; area, 479 square feet; mean velocity, 1.05 feet per second; gage height, 5.47 feet; discharge, 502 second-feet.

Hazel Creek near Demorest, Ga. Measurements were made from the upstream side of a 

wooden highway bridge 1 mile north of Demorest, on the Porter Mills road. The bench 

mark is the top of the upstream end of the second crossbeam from the right-bank end of 

the bridge; elevation, 15.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

September 5: Width, 27 feet; area, 24 square feet; mean velocity, 1.37 feet per second; gage height, 

0.82 foot; discharge, 33 second-feet.

October 23: Width, 27 feet; area, 20 square feet; mean velocity, 1.15 feet per second; gage height, 

0.71 foot; discharge, 23 second-feet.
APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 101

Ichawaynockaway Creek at Barnetts Bridge, near Newton, 6a. A measurement was made 

August 26, 1905, from the downstream side of Barnetts Bridge, 10 miles southwest of 

Newton, Ga. The initial point for soundings is the left end of the bridge approach, downstream side. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the second iron crossbeam from the left-bank pier; elevation, 29.50 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 84 feet; area, 196 square feet; mean velocity, 2.62 feet per second; gage height, 1.30 feet; discharge, 513 second-feet.

Ichawaynochaway Creek at Rents Bridge, near Newton, 6a. A measurement was made 

August 26, 1905, from the downstream side of Rentz Bridge, about 12 miles west of Newton, Ga. The initial point for soundings is the end of the downstream hand rail at the left 

bank. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the cap of the bsnt which 

stands in the middle of the creek: elevation, 14.50 feet above the datum of the assumed

Width, 76 feet; area, 355 square feet; mean velocity, 1.31 feet per second; gage height, 2.20 feet; discharge, 465 second-feet.

Ichawaynochaway Creek near WiUiamsburg, Ga. A measurement was made April 27, 

1905, at the Central of Georgia Railway bridge, \\ miles from WiUiamsburg, Ga. The 

bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the third bent from the left bank; elevation, 20.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 92 feet; area, 727 square feet; mean velocity, 1.06 feet per second; gage height, 7.66 feet; discharge, 767 second-feet.

Red Oalc Creek near Woodoury, Ga. This^ stream enters Flint River from the right, 5 

miles above the regular gaging station on Flint River near Woodbury, Ga. A measurement was made September 27, 1905, at a wooden wagon bridge about 1 mile above the 

mouth of the creek. The bench mark is the top of the first post from the right-bank edge, 

downstream side, 15 feet from a large white-oak tree; elevation, 20.00 feet above the datum 

of the assumed gage.

Width, 32 feet; area, 12 square feet; mean velocity, 0.83 foot per second; gage height, 2.25 feet; discharge, 10 second-feet.

Warm Springs at Warm Springs, Ga. These springs are located one-half mile from 

Warm Springs, Ga., a station on the Southern Railway. Two discharge measurements 

were .made March 10, 1905, about 300 feet below the springs and about 75 feet above the 

.mouth of the branch, which is formed by the united flow of the several springs. April 20, 

1905, two measurements were made about 6 feet below the end of the stone walls at the 

outlet from the bath house.

March 10: Width, 5 feet; area, 2.8 square feet; mean velocity, 1.14 feet per second; discharge, 3.2 

second-feet.

April 20: Width, 4 feet; area, 1.52 square feet; mean velocity, 0.97 foot per second; discharge, 1.47 

second-feet.

April 20: Width, 2.6 feet; area, 2.12 square feet; mean velocity, 0.69 foot per second; discharge, 1.48 

second-feet.

Whitewater Creek near Montezuma, Ga. This stream enters Flint River from the right. 

A measurement was made August 31, 1905, from the downstream side of a wooden highway 

bridge, locally known as the Lower Whitewater Bridge, about 4 miles northwest of Montezuma, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the cap of the third 

bent from the right bank; elevation, 12.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 71 feet; area, 275 square feet; mean velocity, 0.94 foot per second; gage height, 2.14 feet; discharge, 260 second-feet.
102 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Choctawhatchee Kiver drains the southeastern part of Alabama and that portion of 

Florida lying immediately south. The main river rises in Barbour County, Ala., a short 

distance west of Eufaula, Ala., and flows in a southwesterly and southerly direction through 

Choctawhatchee Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. Pea Eiver is the principal tributary and 

enters from the west at Geneva, Ala. This branch is the longer of the two, measured above 

their junction, having its head in Bullock County, near Union Springs, Ala. Double 

Bridges Creek is an important but small tributary lying between the main branches and 

entering Choctawhatchee Kiver just above the mouth of Pea River. These are all moderately swift streams, even at low water, and at places the fall is sufficient to make considerable shoals or rapids and offer practicable sites for water-power developments.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this drainage during 1905.

CHOCTAWHATCHEE KIVER NEAR GENEVA, ALA.

This station was established August 26, 1£04, by M. R. Hall. It is located at a wagon 

bridge about 1 mile from Geneva and one-fourth mile from Eunola, Ala. The station is 

about three-fourths mile above the mouth of Double Bridges Creek, and is also near the 

junction with Pea River. Backwater from both of these streams will affect the gage 

heights during times of unequal rise, and the station was maintained only temporarily 

for low-water measurements. Daily gage readings were discontinued December 31, 1904, 

since which time the station has been maintained for miscellaneous low-water measurements.

The channel is straight for 200 feet above and for one-half mile below the bridge. The 

current has a fair velocity. The right bank is a sand bluff about 27 feet high. There are 

a few trees on the face of the bluff and the top is wooded. The left bank is an overhanging 

rock cliff to a height of about 10 feet, above which it is sandy, and slopes gradually to a 

total height of about 27 feet. The bed of the stream is composed of firm sand for the greater 

part, there being some rock at the left bank, and is clean and permanent. There is but 

one channel at all but very high stages, when both banks overflow and a second channel 

is formed by lower ground some distance from the river on the right bank.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the three-span drawbridge, having about 50 feet of trestle approach on either end. The initial point for soundings is the left end of the iron bridge on the downstream side.

The gage is a vertical scale, reading from 1 to 9 feet, and continued on the timber to 

which it is attached. This timber is fastened to the upstream side of a heavy pile which 

was a part of the right bent of an old bridge that occupied the site of the present one. This 

pile is the second from the downstream end of a line of five set up and down stream. Bench 

marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the downstream end of the fourth floor 

beam from the right end of the bridge, this being the first beam from the left end of the 

span; elevation, 32.00 feet. (2) A large wire nail in the river side of a cypress tree on 

the right bank about 140 feet below the bridge; elevation, 12.07 feet. Elevations refer to 

the datum of the gage.

A description of this station and gage-height and discharge data are contained in WaterSupply Paper of the United States Geological Survey No. 127, pp. 121-122.

Discharge measurements of Choctawhatchee River near Geneva, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

March 29......

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

118

117

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

1,215

1,134

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.83

1.25

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.05

5.50

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

2,223

1,416
CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 103

DOUBLE BRIDGES CREEK AT GENEVA, ALA.

This station was established August 26, 1£04, by M. R. Hall. It is located at the wagon 

bridge on the outskirts of Geneva, Ala., about three-fourths of a mile above the mouth of 

the creek. During high water the gage heights are affected by backwater from Choctawhatchee River, and the station was maintained only temporarily for low-water measurements. Daily gage readings were discontinued December 31, 1S04, since which time the 

station has been maintained for miscellaneous low-water measurements.

The channel is curved for about 200 feet above and straight for about 600 feet below the 

station. The current has a good velocity. Both banks are about 15 or 17 feet high, 

wooded except at the bridge, and are subject to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and is clean except near the r'ght bank, where a half-burled tree forms an 

obstruction. There is but one channel at all stages.

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the single-span iron bridge. 

The initial point for soundings is the upstream side of the left end of the bridge.

The gage is a vertical staff fastened to the upstream side of a cypress tree on the left 

bank, about 100 feet below the bridge. Bench marks were establ'shed as follows: (1) The 

bottom of the upstream end of the first floor beam from the left end of the bridge; elevation, 19.80 feet. (2) A chisel cut and white-paint mark on the intermediate post 6 feet 

above bench mark No. 1; elevation, 25.80 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

A description of this station and gage-height and discharge data are contained in WaterSupply Paper of the United States Geological Survey No. 127, pp. 122-123.

Discharge measurements of Double Bridges Creek at Geneva, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

March 29 ......

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

55

60

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

156

268

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.45

1.93

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.15

4.25

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

227

518

PEA RIVER AT PERA, ALA.

This station was established August 27, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is located at the Elton 

wagon bridge, about one-half mile west of Pera, Ala., a station on the Georgiana and 

Graceville branch of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

The channel curves to the left about 150 feet above the station, which tends to throw 

the greatest current velocity along the right bank, and is straight below the station for 

about 1,000 feet The current has a fair velocity. The right bank is composed of rock, 

vertical for about 20 feet from low-water level, and is free from vegetation. The left 

bank is composed of sand and mud, rising gradually. It is wooded above and below, but 

cleared at the bridge. Both banks are subject to overflow during extreme high water. 

The bed of the stream is composed of smooth rock toward the right bank and sand toward 

the left. There is one channel at all stages.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single-span bridge. 

The initial point for soundings is the outside of the downstream tubular iron pier at the 

right bank.

A standard chain gage is fastened to the top plank of the upstream railing of the bridge, 

with the pulley end of the box abutted against the intermediate post over the second 

floor beam from the right bank; length of chain, 48.20 feet. The gage is read once each 

day by W. G. Early, who is paid by the Alabama Geological Survey. Bench marks were 

established as follows: (1) The top of the downstream end of the first floor from the right 

pier; elevation, 42.00 feet. (2) A chisel mark on the intermediate post at the downstream 

end of the first floor beam from the right bank, 5 feet above bench mark No. 1; elevation, 

47.00 feet. (3) The top of the upstream end of the second floor beam from the right bank;
104 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

elevation, 42.03 feet. (4) A chisel mark on the post 4.97 fact above bench mark No. 3; 

elevation, 47.00 feet. (5) A chisel mark on the iron cap of the downstream tubular pier at 

the right end of the bridge; elevation, 41.04 feet. (6) A wire nail in a cut on the root of 

a large water-oak tree on the left bank, about 50 feet from the river and 40 feet above 

the end of the bridge approach; elevation, 34.73 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of 

the gage.

A description of this station and gage height and discharge data are contained in WaterSupply Paper of* the United States Geological Survey No. 127, pp. 123-124.

Discharge measurements of Pea River at Pera, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

March 28......

March 30

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

89

89

84

84

73

73

75

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

686

687

617

620

456

456

425

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.14

2.14

1.97

1.98

1.27

1.32

1.27

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

G. 81

6.84

G. 13

6.14

3.99

4.00

4.07

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,468

1,473

1,213

1,225

579

604

638

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pea River at Pera, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

3. .............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..--..--......

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.. ............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Jan.

5.6

5.2

4.7

4.4

4.1

4.1

6.0

4.9

4.6

4.3

4.1

4.0

9.0

11.7

8.8

7.6

6.9

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.6

5.1

4.9

5.0

8.5

5 9

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.1

Feb.

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.7

6.1

7.0

9 4

15.2

12.1

16.2

22.5

26.0

27.1

29.4

28.8

24.0

18.8

in K

12.0

11.0

10.3

9.7

9 4

8

0

-------

Mar.

7. G

7.5

7.3

7.1

0.9

G. 7

6.G

9.2

9.0

9.3

10.1

9.5

7.7

7 4

7 9

7.1

in C

9.6

8.7

8.3

8.6

7 9

7.4

6

0

6.4

6.1

5.9

Apr.

5.7

5.G

5.2

5.8

9.6

8.0

G.G

6.0

6.0

8.6

14.2

11.5

9.2

7.8

7.0

5.8

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.5

5.5

5.0

A C

May.

 4 6

4 9

4.4

4.7

'4.7

4. G

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.0

3 9

Q 7

13.3

10.3

8.2

7.0

5.3

4.9

4 ?

5.9

5.7

6.2

5.9

5.3

4.7

5.1

June.

5.4

5 9

5.8

5.0

4.7

4.4

3.8

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.8

q Q

3.4

3.0

3.0

3.9

q 7

5 7

q A

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.7

q 7

6.2

.......

July.

5.9

5.0

4.6

4.3

3.9

3.9

3.2

2.9

2.8

3.0

5.3

5.0

4.2

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.0

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.6

2.9

q q

4.3

Aug.

5.2

10.9

8.4

7.1

6.7

5.6

4.2

3.5

4.0

6.3

7.5

8.7

7.6

6.8

6.1

6.6

7.4

7.4

7.0

4 4

3.8

3.6

5 4

6.1

5.1

4.0

3.5

3.3

Sept.

3.0

2.9

2. 6

5.8

5.6

3.5

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

5.1

4.8

3.5

3.5

2.9

2.8

2.7

0 o

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.1

2 A

2.1

2.0

Oct.

5.3

4.6

4.6

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.5

3.0

2.9

3.7

7.1

6.1

4.9

4.7

3.9

4.9

4.5

4.0

3.7

q A

3 3

*> 1

q n

9 8

2.7

3 0

3 3

3 4

q q

q q

3.2

Nov.

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.7

3.4

3.3

3.0

3.1

4.4

4.5

4.4

4 1

3.9

3.6

3.2

q i

3 1

3 A

3.0

3 7

3 7

3 7

3

c

q A

Dec.

3.2

3.3

7.4

12.0

8.7

8.6

7.7

6.6

8.5

8.7

8.6

8. G

7.8

8.5

10.1

9 4

8.4

7.6

6.8

9 1

1 o o

20.7

22.4

no Q

16.6

107

12.2

10.7
CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVE'R DRAINAGE BASIN. 105

Station rating table for Pea River at Pera, Ala., from August 27, 1904, to December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

150

160

171

182

194

206

218

230

242

258

274

290

306

324

342

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

360

378

396

414

432

450

468

488

508

528

548

568

590

612

634

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

656

680

704

728

754

780

806

834

862

920

980

1,040

1,105

1,175

Gage 

height. Discharge.

! 

Feet. 'Second-feet.

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

1,245

1,315

1,385

1,460

1,540

1,620

1,700

1,780

1,860

1,940

2,030

2,120

2,210

2,300

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1904-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 4 feet and 7 feet. Above 7 feet the curve is uncertain. High-water estimates 

are rough approximations. Above gage height 8.8 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference 

being 50 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Pea River at Pera, Ala., for 1904-1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,180 square miles.]

Month.

1904. 

August 27-31 ................................

1905.

April ........................................

May.........................................

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,740 

950 

258 

342 

1,940

3,750 

12,600 

3,300 

5,500 

4,550 

1,245 

1,140 

3,350 

1,105 

1,580 

728 

9,300

12,600

Minimum.

780 

171 

150 

160 

274

612 

754 

1,140 

728 

508 

324 

258 

468 

242 

360 

360 

450

242

Mean.

1,369 

375 

176 

267 

791

1,186 

4,745 

1,910 

1,779 

1,115 

600 

517 

1,214 

431 

606 

499 

3,623

\, 519

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.16 

.318 

.149 

.226 

.670

1.01 

4.02 

1.62 

1.51 

.945 

.508 

.438 

1.03 

.365 

.514 

.423 

3.07

1.29

Depth in 

inches.

0.216 

.355

.172 

.252

'.772

1.16 

4.19 

1.87 

1.68 

1.09 

.567 

.505 

1.19 

.407 

.593 

.472 

3.54

17.26
106 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER 

DRAINAGE BASIN.

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements made in Choctawhatchee 

River drainage basin during 1905:

CTioctawhatchee River near Elba Junction, Ala. A measurement was made October 17, 

1905, from the downstream side of the Atlantic Coast Line bridge near Elba Junction, Ala. 

The initial point for soundings is the right end of the bridge on the dowstream side. The 

bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the first floor beam from the right end 

of the bridge: elevation, 40.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 93 feet; area, 582 square feet; mean velocity, 0.74 fpot per second; gage height, 5.53 feet 

discharge, 430 second-feet.

Pea River at Elba, Ala. -A measurement was made October 17, 1905, from the downstream side of a single-span iron highway bridge at Elba, Ala. The initial point for 

soundings is the center of the downstream pier at the right end of the bridge. The bench 

mark is a chisel mark and the letters "B. M." cut in the top of the outer member of the 

downstream chords between the second and third floor beams at a point 45 feet from the 

initial point for soundings; elevation, 48.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 100 feet; area, 202 square feet; mean velocity, 2.25 feet per second; gage height, 3.59 feet; 

discharge, 455 second-feet.

Whitewater River near Elba, Ala. This stream enters Pea River from the right. It was 

measured October 17,1905, from the downstream side of an iron highway bridge near Elba, 

Ala., 150 feet above the mouth of the river. The bench mark is the center of a steel pin 

which connects the second downstream vert'cal post from the r'ght end of the bridge to 

the second floor beam; elevation, 42.44 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 58 feet; area, 148 square feet; mean velocity, 1.57 feet per second; gage height, 3.59 feet; discharge, 232 second-feet.

ESCAMBIA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Escambia River drains the south-central portion of Alabama and empties into the 

Gulf of Mexico through Escambia Bay and Pensacola Bay. Conecuh River joins the 

Escambia about 5 miles south of the Alabama-Florida State line, and is very much the 

larger of the two branches. Conecuh River rises in Bullock County, Ala., very close to 

the headwaters of Pea River in the Choctawhatchee drainage, and flows south westward 

throughout its course. Pigeon and Patsaliga creeks, both from the west, are the principal 

tributaries of Conecuh River. The Conecuh and its tributaries are swift streams and at 

places there are rocky shoals and rapids.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this drainage during 1905.

CONECUH RIVER AT BECK, ALA.

This station was establ'shed August 24, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is located at Simnions 

Bridge at Beck, Ala., about 12 miles below the mouth of Patsaliga Creek. The nearest 

railway station is Andalusia, Ala., 8 miles east, on the Central of Georgia and Louisville 

and Nashville railways. *

The channel is straight for 600 feet above and for one-half mile below the station. The 

current is fairly swift. Both banks are steep. The right bank is composed of rock to a 

height of about 8 feet, then earth covered with bushes to a total height of about 30 feet, 

and is subject to overflow. The left bank is composed of rock to a height of from 15 to 20 

feet, then earth covered with bushes to a total height of about 35 feet, and overflows 

only at extreme high water. The bed of the stream is composed of fine sand, there being 

some smooth rock along the left bank. There are some sunken logs in the section which 

obstruct the current to some extent. There is one channel at all stages.
ESCAMBIA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 107

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the iron bridge. The 

bridge consists of a main span of 125 feet, with a 50-foot span at each end. The approach 

on the right bank is 50 feet of wooden and 90 feet of iron trestle; on the left bank 20 

feet of wooden trestle. The initial point for soundings is the end of the iron bridge, at 

the left bank on the upstream side.

A standard chain gage is fastened to the channel-iron railing post which is riveted to 

the upstream end of the first floor beam of the main span, 72 feet from the initial point 

for soundings; length of chain, 53.50 feet. The gage is read once each day by W. R. 

Duggan, who is paid by the Alabama Geological Survey. Bench marks were established 

as follows: (1) The top of the upstream end of the first iron floor beam of the main span 

from the left pier; elevation, 47.50 feet. (2) The top of the iron channel-bar post to 

which the gage is fastened; elevation, 52.17 feet. (3) A cross chisled on the upper side of 

the upstream tubular pier at the left end of the main span; elevation, 47.13 feet. (4) A 

copper plug set in the concrete filling of the short tubular pier at the left end of the iron 

bridge, downstream side; elevation, 42.21 feet. Elevations refer to datum of the gage.

A description of this station and gage-height and discharge data are contained in WaterSupply Paper of the United States Geological Survey No. 127, pp. 125-126.

Discharge measurements of Conecuh River at Beck, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

March 27......

March 31 ......

June 13........

October 19.....

Hydrographer.

J.M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

W.E.Hall....... -.............-.,-.

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

121

117

108

114

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

686

521

249

332

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.42

2.02

1.16

1.23

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.03

3.77

1.43

2.03

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

1,658

1,055

288

.408
108 STEEAM MEASUKEMENTS IN 1905, PABT IV.

Daily gage height, infeetj of Conecuh River at Beck, Ala., for 198&.

Day.

1. .............

2. .............

3..-. ...........

4..............

5.. ............

6..............

7. ...........'..

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21 ..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31 ..............

Jan.

3.4

3.4

3.1

2.7

2.5

2.7

3.0

3.4

3.0

3.2

2.9

3.4

5.6

5.8

5.3

5.1

4 Q

4.4

4.6

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.5

4.3

4.5

4.8

4.3

3.9

3.8

q 7

3.6

Feb.

3.4

3.2

3.2

4 6

7.4

10.8

10.6

9.0

15.6

20.2

21.9

22.5

90 o

24.1

21.1

Q 1

Q O

7.5

6.7

6.4

6.0

.......

.......

Mar.

5.7

K A

K 9

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.6

46

48

5.5

5.6

5.6

E q

5

0

5.0

4

0

4.5

5

0

6.0

5 6

f; 9

4 6

42

4.0

3.8

Apr.

3.6

3.6

q A

3

0

3 Q

4.0

3 9

3.8

3.5

3.8

3.4

4.2

7.0

6.8

5

0

5

0

5.7

5 7

5

E

46

3.6

3 4

q 9

a 9

q A

9 QE

2

(*E

May.

2.6

2.55

2.45

o r;

2.45

2

0

2.2

3.0

2.35

2.2

2.5

2.2

2.05

5.8

5

0

5.5

K A

4.5

4 0

o 7

4.5

0. 1

q 1

q 1

0 A

3 4

June.

4.7

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.3

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.9

O Q

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

2.5

1.85

2.0-

2.25

2.1

2.05

2.15

3.5

3.0

A O

July.

2.7

3.0

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

2.7

2.4

2.15

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.85

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.35

1.4

2 A

2.4

Aug.

1.75

4.1

2.85

2.9

3.0

2.7

2.35

2.0

2.4

2.7

2.1

3.4

4.4

3.8

3.6

4.9

4.3

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.0

Sept.

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.8

1.8

2.05

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.45

1.4

1 1.44 

2.0

1.7

1.65

2.0

1.9

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.2

«wE^

1.1

1.1

1.4

1.7

 1.75

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.7

2.4

3.6

q 1 3.1

3.0

2.9

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.1

1.85

2/0

2.3

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.55-

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.8

1.7

-Nov.

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.55

1.4

1.35

1.5

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.0

Dec.

2.0

2.2

4.6

3.4

4.0

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.5

3.7

3.8

4.2

4.4

4.5

47

4.7

4.6

7.1

8.9

8.3

8.1

9.0

8.9 8*5

8.4

10.0

10.4

Q 3

8

0

Station rating table for Conecuh River at Beck, Ah., from August 24,1904, to December 31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

187

197

208

220

233

247

262

278

295

313

332

352

373

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

395

418

443

470

500

530

565

600

640

680

720

760

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

800

840

885

930

975

1,020

1,065

1,110

1,155

1,200

1,245

1,290

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

. 1,340

1,390

1,440

1,490

1,540

1,590

1,640

1,750

1,860

1,970

2,080

2,190

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1904-5. It is well defined 

between gage heights 1.2 feet and 5 feet. Above 6 feet the table is uncertain. High-water estimates 

are rough approximations. Above gage height 6 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference 

being 60 per tenth.
MOBILE KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Estimated monthly discharge ofConecuh River at Beck, Ala., for 1904-5. 

[Drainage area, 1.290 square miles.]

109

Month.

1904.

1905.

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,025 

1,832 

262 

362 

1,340

2,080 

13,050 

2,190 

2,790 

2,080 

1,490 

720 

1,590 

406 

975 

600 

4,830

13,050

Minimum.

680 

220 

187 

197 

295

530 

800 

1,065 

582 

406 

295 

247 

342 

226 

233 

270 

395

226

Mean.

1,176 

454 

210 

282 

601

1,123 

5,537 

1,698 

1,221 

873 

556 

377 

780 

309 

411 

371 

2,181

1,286

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.912 

.352 

.163 

.219 

.466

.871 

4.29 

1.32 

.947 

.677 

.431 

.292 

.605 

.240 

.319 

.288 

1.69

.997

Depth in 

inches.

0.271 

.393 

.188 

.244 

.637

1.00

4.47 

1.52 

1.06 

.780 

.481 

.337 

.698 

.268 

.368 

.321 

1.95

13.25

MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

This is the largest drainage basin in Georgia and Alabama, and is designated the Mobile 

basin because its waters all enter the Gulf through Mobile River at Mobile, Ala. It is formed 

as follows: Beginning at the headwaters, Cartecay and Ellijay rivers unite at Ellijay, Ga., 

to form Coosawattee River. Just above Resaca, Ga., this unitss with the Conasauga to 

form Oostanaula River. At Rome, Ga., the Oostanaula and the Etowah units to form 

Coosa River. Six miles above Montgomery, Ala., the Coosa and the Tallapoosa unite to 

form Alabama River, and not far from the coast the Tombigbee unites with the Alabama to 

form Mobile River, which flows into Mobile Bay, an arm of the Gulf of Mexico.

Cahaba River is the principal tributary of the Alabama and joins it about 10 miles below 

Selma. Hillabee Creek flows into Tallapoosa River just above Sturdevant and near Alexander. Talladega Creek is a tributary of the Coosa.

Tombigbee River rises in the northeastern part of Mississippi and enters Alabama in 

Pickens County. Its principal tributary is the Black Warrior, which is formed by the junction of Mulberry Fork and Sipsey Fork. Locust Fork enters the Black Warrior some 

distance below the junction.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this drainage during 1905.

ALABAMA RIVER AT SELMA, ALA.

This station, which was originally established by the United States Engineer Corps, is 

now maintained by the United States Weather Bureau. It is located at the iron highway 

bridge one block from Water street, Selma, Ala.

The channel above the station is slightly curved for 1,000 feet and straight for 2,000 feet 

below the station. The velocity is good and the current is regular. The right bank is high
110 STBEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

and rocky and will not overflow. The left bank is high, but overflows at extreme high water. 

The bed is mostly soft blue rock and the water is confined to one channel.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge and the trestle approach on the left 

bank. The initial point for soundings is the end of the drawbridge on the right bank, 

upstream side.

The gage is in two sections. The first section, reading from 3 to +5.1 feet, is fastened 

to the lower side of the cofferdam on the second pier; the upper section, reading from 5.1 to 

55 feet, is fastened to the draw pier. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top 

of the capstone of the pivot pier; elevation, 56.00 feet. (2) The edge of the coping on the 

right-bank abutment, just under the downstream side of the drawbridge; elevation, 59.51 

feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply 

Papers of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 36, p 155; 48. p 169; 65, p 282; 83, p 131; 98, pp 131-132; 127, pp 127-128.

Discharge: 48, p 169; 65, p 282; 98, p-132; 127, p 128.

Discharge, monthly: 75, p 92; 83, p 133; 98, p 134; 127, p 130.

Gage heights: 36, p 155; 48, p 170; 65, p 282; 83, p 131; 98, p 132; 127, p 129.

Hydrograph: 75,p94.

Rating tables: 65, p 323; 83, p 132; 98, p 133; 127, p 129.

Discharge measurements of Alabama River at Selma, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

May 20.........

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

M. tt.Hall.........................

W. E. Hall..................!......

Width.

Feet. 

432

439

440

457

462

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

7,870

9,259

9,648

7,799

7,633

Mean, 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

4.12

4.32

4.32

3.94

3.86

height.

Feet. 

11.05

14.00

14.90

11.94

11.00

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

32,420

40,370

41,650

30,740

29,440

a Measurement made at Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge during rapid rise of the river.
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. Ill

Daily gage height, in feet, of Alabama River at Selma, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

1... ...........

2... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8

g

10..............

11......... ...

12......... ...

13..............

14.......... ...

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

7.0

6.9

6.5

5.4

4.2

3.3

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

S.7

5.0

13.2

25.5

30.3

32.8

33.0

33.0

27.0

22.1

17.0

10.6

8.5

7.2

7.0

6.6

5.8

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.8

Feb.

4.3

6.0

6.2

5.7

5.6

6.2

9.7

13.7

18.5

240

29.5

33.6

37.5

39.9

41.4

42.0

41.4

39.2

34.7

29.3

22.2

17.6

17.4

20.2

21.9

22.4

22.2

21.4

Mar.

19.9

17.0

13.0

10.5

9.0

8.2

7.8

7.2

7.2

7.7

8.6

9.7

9.5

9.5

9.5

9.3

8.5

7.8

7.2

- 8.0

13.5

20.9

23.0

22.6

20.0

16.3

13.6

11.0

9.5

8.2

7.6

Apr.

7.0

6.4

6.0

6.0

5.7

5.6

5.6

6.0

6.7

8.3

8.5

7.5

7.3

7.5

8.1

8.3

8.3

7.9

7.0

6.0

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.0

May.

5.2

6.0

6.0

6.5

6.8

6.8

6.2

6.0

6.0

7.8

8.5

7.5

6.3

5.5

5.0

6.0

8.2

11.4

12.0

12.0

11.3

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

12.8

13.8

15.9

16.8

17.3

14.0

June.

12.6

10.4

8.0

6.0

6.0

4.5

3.8

3.0

2.8

2.4

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.5

uly.

5.0

6.8

6.5

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.2

2.5

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.8

7.0

7.6

8.6

8.4

7.6

4.8

4.5

3.5

3.0

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Aug.

2.2

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.0

2.0

4.0

5.0

8.4

7.6

7.6

8.5

9.5

10.0

9.6

8.7

7.4

5.0

4.7

4.5

4,3

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.6

Sept.

2.4

2.4

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.8

.6

.6

.4

.2

.0

- .4

- .4

.4

.4

.4

.0

- .2

- .4

_ 4

~ .6

-1.0

-1.4

-1.4

-1.4

-------

Oct.

-1.4

-1.4

-1.4

-1.2

.8

.0

.0

.9

.9

.9

1.1

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.4

1.8

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.0

.5

.5

.5

1.0

.5

.5

1.0

Nov.

0.8

.8

.8

.4

.4

.4

.2

.2

.2

.2

.4

.4

. 6

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.0

.6

.6

.6

.6

.4

.2

.2

.2

.2

.0

.0

.0

Dec.

0.0

.2

2.4

4.6

13.8

16.7

17.5

17.5

16.6

14.6

14.6

16.0

18.4

19.0

18.6

16.4

12.6

11.0

9.5

10.5

12.6

17.9

' 20.7

23.6

25.0

25.4

24.0

. 20.8

17.0

146

13.5
112 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

Station rating table for Alabama River at Selma, Ala., from January 1,1904, to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-2.00

-1.90

-1.80

-1.70

-1.60

-1.50

-1.40

-1.30

-1.20

-1.10

-1.00

- .90

- .80

- .70

- .60

- .50

- .40

- .30

- .20

- .10

0.00

.10

.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,000

3,150

3,300

3,450

3,600

3,750

3,900

4,050

4,200

4,350

4,500

4,660

4,820

4,980

5,140

5,300

5,460

5,620

5,780

5,940

6,100

6,270

6,440

Gage 

height.

Feet.

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

6,610

6,780

6,950

7,120

7,290

7,460

7,630

7,800

7,980

8,160

8,340

8,520 

8,700

8,880

9,060

9,240

9,420

9,600

9,790

9,980

10, 170

10,360

Gage 

height. Discharge.

Feet. ' Second-feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

aso

400

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

10,550

10, 740

10,930

11,120

11,310

11,500

11,880

12,260

12,640

13,020

13,400

13,800

14,200

14,600

15,000

15,400

15,820

16, 240

16,660

17,080

17,500

17,920

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50,

10.00

10.50

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00

ia50

1400

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

18, 340

18,760

19,180

19,600

20,700

21,800

22,900

24,000

25,150

26", 300

27,450

28,600

29,800

31,000

32,200

33,450

34,700

36,000

38,600

41,300

44,000

46,700

The above table is fairly well defined to gage height 34 feet. It has been extended beyond this limit. 

Above gage height 18 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 275 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Alabama River at Selma, Ala., for 1905. 

\ [Drainage area, 15,400 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

The year ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

87,950 

112,700 

60,450 

22,900 

44,810 

32,450 

23, 120 

26,300 

10,360 

11,500 

8,160 

67,050

112, 700

Minimum.

10,550 

14,000 

20,040 

15,000 

15,400 

8,520 

8,880 

8,880 

3,900 

3,900 

6,100 

6,100

3,900

Mean.

31,290 

60,380 

1 30,840 

18,290 

25,000 

12,100 

13,780 

14,660 

6,651 

7,728 

6,952 

39,670

22,280

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.03 

3.92 

2.00 

1.19 

1.62 

.786 

.895 

.952 

.432 

.502 

.451 

2.58

1.45

Depth in 

inches.

2.34 

408 

2.31 

1.33 

1.87 

.877 

1.03 

1.10 

.482 

.579 

.503 

2.97

19.47
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIIST. 113

ETOWAH RIVER NEAR BALLGROTJKD, GA.

This station was established in 1905 for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

discharge measurements. It is located at an iron highway bridge about 1\ miles south 

of Ballground, Ga., and half a mile below the mouth of Long Swamp Creek.

The channel is nearly straight for 300 feet above and 600 feet below the station. The 

current is moderately swift and fairly good for measurement. The left bank is high and will 

not overflow, but the right bank is low and cultivated for about £00 feet and will overflow at a gage height of about 16 feet above low water. The bed of the river is partly rock.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge of two iron spans. The left span is 

110 feet long, and spans the entire river except at floods. The other span, which is over 

low ground on the right bank, is 100 feet long, and there is also 90 feet of wooden trestle 

on the right bank.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the top of the 

upstream end of the first floor beam to the left of the middle pier; elevation, 28.00 feet 

above the datum of the assumed gage.

Discharge measurements ofEtowah River near BaUground, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

June 24 ........

Hydrographer.

O.P.Hall. .........................

M.R. Hall................. ........

Width.

Feet. 

81

Area of 

section.

 

Square 

feet.

314

239

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.43

1.71

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.10

2.24

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

763

408

ETOWAII RIVER AT CAKTON, GA.

This station was established in 1892 by the United States Weather Bureau. Measurements were begun in 1896 by the United States Geological Survey. It is located at the 

wagon bridge in Canton, Ga., one-half mile above the mouth of Canton Creek and 1,000 

feet upstream from the Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railway station.

The channel is straight for 1,000 feet above and 500 feet below the bridge. The current 

is affected by a fish-trap dam about 1 foot high, which has caused much trouble by being 

occasionally washed away and built up again. Up to gage height, 3 feet, the river is only 

116 feet wide and flows between the piers on its lower banks. Up to about 14 feet it is 

confined between its upper banks, which are the abutments at the outer ends of the 

approaches. Above this point it begins to overflow the bottom lands. The bed is fairly 

constant.

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the iron highway bridge. 

The initial point for soundings is the river side of the right-bank pier at the end of the 

main span.

The gage is a heavy vertical timber, fastened to the edge of the left-bank pier, on the 

upstream side. The gage is read once each day by J. M. McAfee, who is paid by the United 

States Weather Bureau for six months of the year and by the Georgia Geological Survey 

for the other six months. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) A cut on a silvermaple tree on the east side of the road, 20 feet from the end of the bridge, on the south 

or left bank of the river; elevation, 20.36 feet. (2) A cut on a persimmon tree 4 feet 

from the upper side of the bridge and 10 feet toward the river from the south end of the 

bridge; elevation, 16.88 feet. (3) The center of the head of a large wire nail, driven 

horizontally into the river side of a walnut tree on the east side of the road, 25 feet north 

of the north end of the bridge; elevation, 18.52 feet. (4) The top of the iron bar on the 

top of the left-bank pier at the end of the center span of the bridge, upstream side; elevation, 23.39 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage. 

. IRE 168 06 8
114 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, pp 94-95; WS 15, p 48; 27, pp 47-48; 36, pp 143-144; 48, p 160; 65, p 275; 83, p 

148; 98, pp 153-154; 127, pp 130-131, 175.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 95; WS 15, p 48; 27, p 57; 36, p. 144; 48, p 160; 65, p 275; 83, p 149; 98, p 154; 

127, p 131, 175.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 18, iv, p 96; 19, iv, p 242; 20, iv, pp 181, 189; 21, iv, p 145; 22, iv, p 193; WS 

75, p 89; 83, p. 151; 98, p 156; 127, p 133.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, if, p 51.

Gage heights: WS 11, pp 25-27; 15, p 48; 27, p 51; 36, p 144; 48, p 161;,65, p 276; 83, p 149; 98, p 155 

127, p 132.

Hydrographs: Ann 18, iv, p 96; 19, iv, p 243; 20, iv, p 190; 21, iv, p 145; 22, iv, p 193.

Rainfall and run-off relation: Ann 20, iv, p 181.

Rating tables: Ann 18, iv, p 95; 19, iv, p 242; WS 27, p 58; 39, p 445; 52, p 514; 65, p 322; 83, p 150; 98, 

pp 155-156; 127, p 132.

Discharge measurements ofEtowah River at Canton, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

January 21 ...-

April 20.. ......

October 18.....

October 18.....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ..........................

B. S. Drane. . . ..................... 

W. E. Hall.........................

O. P. Hall. .........................

M. R. Hall.............. ..........

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do......... .....................

.....do..............................

Width.

, Feet. 

112

112 

112

113

111

106

106

108

108

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

545

545 

545

502

514

449

449

445

445

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.30

1.30 

1.26

1.43

1.53

1.18

1.18

.98

.98

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.67

.67 

.67

.61

.49

.14

.14

.14

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

720

710

716

531

434

434
MOBILE KTVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Etonian River at Canton Ga.,for 1905.

115

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28'. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Jan.

0.5

.5

.6

.5

.5

.8

.7

.6

.7

9 4

2.2

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

Feb.

0.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

1.2

3.7

9 ft

1.5

4.8

2.8

1.8

g

1.8

9 9

O Q

2.0

1 1

1.0

.8

.8

.8

Mar.

.7

.6

.6

.8

.8

1.7

1.0

g

g

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

3.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

.9

g

g

.8

.8

.8

Apr.

0.7

.7

.7

.7

1 *?

1.0

1.0

1.0

.7

1.0

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

1.3

May.

0.8

.7

.6

1.5

g

2

c

1.4

2.3

1.1

.9

g

.8

.7

7

.7

6.5

1.9

g

.9

.8

June.

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.7

.7

.6

1.4

2.3

3.7

2.0

1.1

g

g

.9

July.

1.0

.8

.6

1 S

1.7

g

1.7

2.1

7.0

2 n

1.5

.7

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

0

1 *?

.5

Aug.

0.5

.4

.3

2.5

2.0

1.5

.8

.5

.5

.4

.4

.3

.3

0

.8

.4

.2

.2

Sept.

0 9

2.0

.6

c

.4

0

.1

.5

.3

.0

_ ^

-.1

.0

.0

Oct.

.4

.4

.3

.3

.1

.1

3.0

3.1

.4

.2

.1

.3

.2

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.1

.5

.3

.1

.1

Nov.

0.1

.0

.0

.0

.1

.1

.2

.3

o

.2

.2

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.2

.4

.3

.2

.4

.5

.3

.3

.2

Dec.

0.3

.3

15.2

7.5

1.8

1.2

.9

1.0

6.5

3.4

1.8

1.0

.8

.6

.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

.9

3.1

2.0

1.6

1 1

1.0

.8

1.0

.8

ETOWAH RIVER KEAR ROME, GA.

This station was established August 17, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is located at Freemans 

Ferry, about 5 miles above Rome, Ga.

The channel is straight for about 3,000 feet above and 1,000 feet below the station. The 

current is swift. There is a small shoal of rock about 50 feet below the gaging section. 

About 1,000 feet below there is an old fish-trap dam, but this has not been used for years, 

and is probably constant. Both banks are high, but are subject to overflow during high 

water. The bed of the stream is composed of small rock and pebbles, and is uniform and 

permanent. There is but one channel at all stages, the water being about 2.5 feet deep at 

low water.

Discharge measurements are made from a small boat, the meter being suspended from the 

ferry cable. Measurements can be made from the bridge at Rome, as no large quantity of 

water enters the river between the ferry and that place. Gage heights may be obtained at 

Rome by telephoning the observer. The initial point for soundings is the center of the 

windlass for the ferry cable on the left bank of the river.

The original gage, reading from 0 to 7 feet, is securely attached to a sycamore tree at 

left edge of river, about 250 feet below the ferry. A second section, reading from 7 to 20 

feet, is attached to a post located 10 feet upstream from the first section and 10 feet from 

the edge of the river at low water. A third section, reading from 20 to 30 feet, is attached
116 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905. PART IV.

to a maple tree opposite the post and 15 feet farther from the water's edge. The gage is 

rea,d once each day by W. A. Gresham, who is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) Head of lag screw driven into root of maple, 

to which gage 20 to 30 feet is attached; elevation, 19.26 feet. (2) Head of nail driven into 

root of maple tree 100 feet up river from gage; elevation, 22.18 feet. (3) Center mark on 

copper plug set horizontally in brick wall of F. B. Freeman's residence, on east end of house, 

near northeast corner, just below floor level; elevation, 27.99 feet. Elevations refer to the 

datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: WS 98, pp 151-152; 127, pp 133-134.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 109; 19, iv, p 252; WS 98, p 152; 127, p 134.

Discharge, monthly: WS 98, p 153; 127, p 135. »

Gage heights: WS 98, p 152; 127, p 135.

Rating table: WS 98, p 153; 127, p 135.

Discharge measurements ofEtowah River near Rome, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

May 12. .......

July 24.........

October 9......

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall..........................

M.R. Hall...... ....................

W. E. Hall ..........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

297

300

300

293

293

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

1,077

873

761

681

Mean, 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.29

1.84

1.53

1.27

1.25

Gage, 

height.

Feet. 

3.10

2.40

2.11

1.76

1.76

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

2,468

1,613

1,168

862

850
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 117

Daily gage height, in feet, of Etowah River near Rome, 6a.,for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

OQ

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..

30.............. 

31..............

Jan.

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.35

2.3

2.2

3.4

4.7

15.7

9.3

6.2

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9- 

2.4

Feb.

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.2

3.0'

7.7

8.4

5.9

4.3

4.5

7.4

4.7

3.7

3.3

3.2

3.0

3

0

11.0

10.0

5.8

4.5

3.8

3.5

3.2

3.1

.......

Mar.

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.9

3.3

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

4.2

3.5

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5 

2.5

Apr.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.7

2.6

2.8

2.6

2.6

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

May.

2.9

2.5

2.4

2.4

3.0

3.3

2.8

3.3

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

4.9

4.8

3.8

2.7

2.4

2.8

3.5

4.2

9.0

4.8

3.6

3.6

3.2

2.8

2.6 

2.5

June.

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.3

o 5

2.9

2.5

2.6

3.8

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.8

3.0

2.8

July.

2.4

3.2

2.9

2.4

2.5

2.8

4.6

4.1

4.4

4.8

3.9

7.0

6.0

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

o 3

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.3 

2.2

Aug.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.5

9 2.9Q

3.8

3.1

2.9

5.1

4.0

3.4

2.6

2.5

2

C

2.4

2.3

2.3

3.0

3.0

2.6

2.3

 2.3

2.2

2.0 

1.9

Sept.

1.9

2.0

2.5

3.0

2.9

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.9

3.0

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

Oct.

2.7

2.8

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

2.1

3.0

3.7

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.3

2.4

1.9

1.9

Nov.

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6-

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

3.3

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.1

2.0

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.0

Dee.

2.0

2.1

15.2

16.2

9.1

3.9

3.0

4.1

13.5

9.4

4.5

3.8

4.1

4.5

4.9

3.8

3.6

3.2

2.9

4.0

4.2

3.8

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3 

3.0

Station rating table for Etowah River near Rome, Ga.,from August 17,1904, to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

360

425

495

570

650

Gage, 

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

735

830

930

1,035

1,145

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,260

1,380

1,500

1,625

1,755

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,890

2,030

2,175

2,320

The above table is based on 10 discharge measurements made during 1904-1905. It is well defined.

NOTE. This station was established for low-water records, and these only are reliable. The above 

rating table is applicable only to gage heights less than 3 feet. As it does iiot apply to the higher gage 

heights, no monthly estimates have been made.
118 STKEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

AMICALOLA RIVER NEAR BALLGROTJND, GA.

This station was established in 1905 for the purpose of making miscellaneous discharge 

measurements. It is located at Hollensheds Bridge, one-fourth of a mile above Heard's 

mill and about 15 miles northeast of Ballground, Ga.

Discharge measurements are made from the two-span covered bridge, about 150 feet in 

total length. The meter can be let down through the floor at the side of the bridge, but 

the current under the bridge is rough and not good for measurements. Some of the measurements were made about 40 feet below the bridge. The stream is important, and a 

good section is difficult to find, but it is probable that a better place than this will be found.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is a point on top of 

the downstream end of the wooden floor beam, 25 feet from the left-bank pier; elevation, 

17.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Discharge data at this station are contained in Water-Supply Paper of the United States 

Geological Survey No. 27, page 45.

Discharge measurements of Amicalola Greek near Ballground, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

June 23........

November 16 « .

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall..........................

M. R. Hall. .........................

.....do.-. ............................

Width.

Feet. 

66

38

40

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

75

67

65

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.46

1.61

1.54

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.58

1.35

1.35

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

184

108

100

a Made at different section. 

LONG SWAMP CREEK NEAR BALLGROUND, GA.

This station was established in 1905 for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

discharge measurements. It is located at a wooden wagon bridge about 2 miles southeast 

from Ballground, Ga., and half a mile above the mouth of the creek which empties 

into Etowah River.

The current is swift at the station and above and below it. The bed is sandy, and the water 

is shallow.

Measurements are made from the downstream side of the wooden bridge of three spans 

The middle span, which includes all of the creek at all but high stages, is 50 feet long, and the 

two end spans are 35 feet each.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is a nail driven horizon 

tally into the upstream side of a large sycamore tree on the right bank, about 100 feet below 

the bridge. Elevation, 8.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Discharge data at this station are contained in the Nineteenth Annual Report of the United 

States Geological Survey, Part IV, page 252.

Discharge measurements of Long Swamp Creek near Ballground, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

June 24........

November 15...

Hydrographer.

O.P.Hall.. .........................

M.R. Hall.. .........................

Width.

Feet. 

33

30

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

54

43

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.72

1.19

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.27

.84

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

93

50
MOBILE BIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 119

COOSA RIVER AT RIVERSIDE, At,A.

This station was established September 25, 1896, by M. R. Hall. It is located at the 

Southern Railway bridge, Riverside, Ala., alaout 4 miles below Lock No. 4.

The channel is straight above the station for about 400 feet and below for about 3,000 feet. 

The current is swift, but broken by a ledge of rock 300 feet above the bridge. The channel 

is 614 feet between bridge abutments and is broken by four piers. The width at ordinary 

stages is about 575 feet. Both banks are high. The left bank is liable to overflow, but all 

water passes beneath the bridge. The bed of the stream is rocky and permanent and not 

very rough.

Discharge measurements are made from the railway bridge to which the gage is attached. 

The initial point for soundings is the water face of the abutment on the left bank, downstream side.

A standard chain gage is fastened to the downstream guard rail sit a point 570 feet from the 

initial point for soundings. Length of the chain, 35.02 feet. The gage is read once a day by 

S. T. Waits, who is paid by the Alabama Geological Survey.

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The capstone on the circular pier of the turn 

span; elevation, 26.80 feet. (2) A copper plug set in solid rock on the right bank, about 100 

feet above the bridge; elevation, 11.95 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, pp 99-100; WS 15, p 51; 27, p 48; 36, p 149; 48, p 164; 65, p 279; 83, pp 143-144; 

98, p 146; 127, p 136.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 100; 19, iv, p247; WS 15, p51; 27, p57; 36, pp 149-150; 48, p 164; 65, p 279; 83, 

p 144; 98, p 147; 127, p 136.

Discharge, monthly: Annl8,iv,pl01; 19,iv,p248; 20, iv, p 187; 21, iv,p 150; 22, iv, p 200; WS75,p91; 

83, p 145; 98, p 148; 127, p 138.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: WS 11, p 30; 15, p 52; 27, p 54; 36, p 150; 48, p 165; 65, p 280; 83, p 144; 98, p 147; 127, p 137.

Hydrographs: Ann 19, iv, p 249; 20, iv, p 187; 21, iv, p 150; 22, iv, p 200; WS 75, p 91.

Map: Ann 19, iv, p 246.

Rating tables: Ann 18, iv, p 101; 19, iv, p 248; WS 27, p 58; 39, p 445; 52, p 514; 65, p 322; 83, p 145; 98, 

p 148; 127, p 137.

Discharge measurements qfCoosa River at Riverside, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

February 28... .

February 28... .

Hydrographer.

J.M.Giles...........................

.....do...............................

B. S. Drane. . ........................

W.E.Hall...........................

Width.

Feet. 

563

563

539

503

514

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

7,000

6,546

4,111

3,203

3,451

Mean, 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

3.33

3.23

1.58

.83

.94

Gage, 

height.

Feet. 

7.75

7.20

2.75

1.14

1.51

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

23,320

21,150

6,483

2,643

3,256
120 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofCoosa River at Riverside, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22............ .

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27. .............

28. .............

29............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.0

2.25

2.6

2.95

3.1

3.5

4.0

6.3

11.5 '

12.8

13.0

12.5

11.1

8.3

5.2

4.6

4.0

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

3.0

3.2

3.2

Feb.

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.7

5.4

7.2

9.2

13.1

14.8

14.5

13.1

12.9

12.3

10.2

9.0

7.6

7.0

7.9

10.0

. 12.4

12.6

12.0

9.6

7.2

Mar.

4.9

4.4

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.8

4.5

4.9

4.9

4.6

4.2

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

5.9

6.4

6.7

6.4

4.8

4.2

3.8

3.4

3.2

3.1

Apr.

o f)

2 9

2 9

3.0

3.1

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

2 7

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.7

3.4

May.

3.6

4.0

4.3

4.1

3.7

3.8

4.0

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.0

2.65

3.9

6.7

6.9

6.9

5.6

4.6

4.4

4.1

6.2

8.4

9.9

10.5

8.8

7.0

5.7

4.5

June.

3.9

3.4

3.0

2.7

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.25

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.8

2.8

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.0

2.8

3.6

3.9

July.

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.85

2.8

2.75

3.1

3.7

3.0

4.5

5.2

6.3

6.2

6.0

5.0

3.4

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

Aug.

2.05

2.1

1.9

1.65

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.65

2.7

3.1

3.5

4.1

5.1

4.7

5.1

5.2

5.0

4.7

3.7

3.0

2.5

2.3

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

Sept.

1.75

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.05

2.1

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.4

1.9

2.25'

2.05

1.8

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Oct.

1.0

1.2

1.5

1.85

1.8

1.65

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.55

1.75

2.4

2.6

3.0

3.1

2.8

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

1.8

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.45

1.5

Nov.

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.5

1.5

Dec.

1.5

1.5

3.6

6.1

8.3

' 9.7

9.7

6.1

5.0

6.3

8.9

10.7

9.0

7.6

5.8

6.4

6.8

6.8

6.1

5.3

6.8

8.6

10.4

10.9"

8.6

8.0

6.9

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.4

Station rating table for Ooosa River at Riverside, Ala., from January 1, 1904, to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

,0.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80 

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,150

1,300

1,450

1,605

1,760

1,920 

2,085

2,255

2,435

2,620

2, 810

3,010

3,215

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10 

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,430

3,655

3,890

4,130

4,380

4,635 

4,895

5,160

5,425

5,695

5,970

6,250

6,540

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40 

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

6,835

7,135

7,440

7,750

8,070

8,400 

8,740

9,080

9,430

9,780

10,130

10,480

11,200

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40 

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

11,920

12, 640

13,360

14,080

14,800

15,530 

16, 270

17, 010

17, 750

18, 490

19,230

19,970

20, 710

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1904-5 and several older measurements. It is well defined between gage heights 0.4 foot and 4 feet. Above 4 feet the table is not so 

well defined, as the high-water measurements are more scattered. The high-water discharge is only 

approximate.
MOBILE BIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 121

Estimated monthly discharge ofCoosa River at Riverside, Ala., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 7,065 square miles.]

Month.

May.........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

43,650 

50,310 

20,340 

9,080 

34,400 

10,130 

18,860 

14,800 

5,028 

7,440 

3,215 

35,880

50,310

Minimum.

5,028 

6,250 

7,440 

5,970 

6,110 

4,380 

3,655 

3,112 

2,255 

2,255 

2,528 

3,215

2,255

Mean.

14,500 

30,340 

11,710 

7,266 

14,650 

6,259 

7,990 

6,813 

3,203 

3,921 

2,838 

 21,330

10,900

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.05 

4.29 

1.66 

1.03 

2.07 

.886 

1.13 

.964 

.453 

.555 

.402 

3.02

1.54

Depth in 

inches.

2.36 

4.47 

1.91 

1.15 

2.39 

.988 

1.30 

1.11 

.505 

.640 

.448 

3.48

20.75

OOSTANATTLA RIVER AT BBS AC A, GA.

This station was maintained by the United States Geological Survey from August 1, 1896, 

to April 30, 1899, and was reestablished at the beginning of the year 1905. It is located 

, at the bridge of the Western and Atlantic Railway, in the town of Resaca, 800 feet south 

of the depot.

The channel is slightly curved, the same curve extending about 300 feet above and below 

the bridge. The current is moderate, becoming rather sluggish at low water. The right 

bank is rock at the edge of the water,- and has a solid stone abutment and railroad embankment, which is above high-water level. The left bank is low, cultivated, and overflows during high water 480 feet to the end of the trestle. The bed of the stream is composed of rock 

near the right bank, but other parts appear to be sandy. To the left of the pier it is nearly 

filled up with logs and brush. There is one channel, broken by one pier at ordinary water.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the iron bridge. The 

bridge consists of three spans of 120 feet each, and 480 feet of trestle approach at the left 

bank. The left span of the bridge is entirely outside of the river, except at high water. 

Measurements are also made from a boat at the ferry about 200 feet above the bridge, 

where the section is somewhat better. The initial point for soundings is the end of the 

bridge at the right bank, downstream side.

Gage heights are observed from the United States Weather Bureau gage, which is a 

heavy timber attached vertically to the downstream side of the center pier of the bridge. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the downstream end of the second 

crossbeam from the right bank; elevation, 38.94 feet. (2) A cross mark on the top of 

the limestone bowlder on the north side of the river, about 130 feet from the end of the 

railroad bridge and 40 feet west of the railroad track; elevation, 34.23 feet. Elevations 

refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, p 98; WS 15, p 50; 27,p48; 36, pp 146-147; 48, p 162; 65, p 277; 127, pp 138-139.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 99; WS 15, p 50; 27, p 57; 36, p 147; 48, p 162.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 19, iv, p 245; 20, iv, pp 181-190; 21, iv, p 147; 22, iv, p 198; WS 75, p 90.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: WS 11, pp 28-30; 15, p 50; 27, p 52; 36, p 147; 48, p 163; 65, p 278.

Hydrographs: Ann 19, iv, p 246; 20. iv, p 190; 21, iv, p 148; 22, iv, p 198.

Rainfall and run-off relation: Ann 20, iv, p 181.

Rating tables: Ann 18, iv, p 93, 19, iv, p 245, WS 27, p 58; 39, p 445; 52, p 514; 65, p 322.
122 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART TV. 

Discharge measurements of Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga.

Date.

1904. 

September 26 a.

1905.

1906.

H y d rographe r.

O. P. Hall..........................

.....do..............................

M. R. Hall........ ........'..........

O. P. Hall..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

M. R. Hall...... ....................

Width.

Feet.

158

138

177

156

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

676

774

614

1,173

873

828

1,079

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

0.40

.55

.97

2.15

1.53

.72

2.01

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.95

1.57

1.79

5.10

3.30

1.91

4.60

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

273

427

598

2,521

1,339

596

2,167

« Made at different section. 

Daily gage height fin feet, of Oost-anaula River at Resaca, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1. .............

2... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7...... . ... .

9..............

10..............

11.... ........

12............

13. ............ 

14............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26. ............

27.............

23..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

3.6

3.0

2.6

3.0

4.0

3.6

4.6

K 4

4.0

3.8

3.8

9.0

14.2 

20.2

13.2

4.6

4 °

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

q 9

q 9

3.0

3.2

3.5

Feb.

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.2

6.5

9 0

q 5

18.0

19.8

18.5

17.0

13.0

10.0

7.5

6.5

6.0

K 0

20.2

7 9

6 5

Mar.

5.4

5.2

4.5

4.2

4.3

4.5

7.6

8.6

7.0

6.8

c 9

5.0

4.7

4 6

4 5

4 2

4.3

o e

9.2

5.2

4.6

4 4

4.2

A 9

4 n

Apr.

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

4.8

4.4

4.4

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.0

q o

4 *>

K n

4.8

4.6

4.4

q c

4.0

4.0

q o

q f;

6.2

9.2

May.

8.2

5.0

5.8

5.6

4.8

4 6

6.4

5.8

5.2

4.8

4.2

q o

3.6

W q

9 a

Q C\

5 9

14.0

11.0

o a

5 4

5.0

4.6

4.6

June.

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.8

3.2 

3t\

2

0

9 o

3

f\

3 2

3

0

3 2

3 9

4.0

6.0

5.0

3 4

3 2

5 2

4.2 '4.2

July.

6.0

5.6

4.4

3.6

3.2

3 4

4.8

5.0

7.4

8.8

5 Q

4.0

q o

4.0

3.6

3 9

q A

q A

2 Q

2

O

2 4

2.4

4.0

3.0

2 8

Aug.

2.6

2.3

2.0

1.8

1 £

2 n

2.8

6.0

4.6

7.6 

4 2

6 2

6.8

0 0

5 4

4.7

Q O

3 4

9 £

9 £

4.0

3 8

3 4

2

0

2.6

2.2

Sept.

2.0

3.2

2.6

2.8

2.4

2.2

2,0

1.8

1.8

1.6

5.0

4.0

9 8

9 9

2 2

2.0

1 0

1 0

1

C

1 Q

1.8

1 9

1 9

1 fiPi

1.85

1.85

Oct.

1.9

1.9

1.95

2 8

3.1

2.7

2.0

1.9

1.9

3.1

5.2

3.7

2 Q

2.9

2

7C

2.4

2.3

2 9

2,1

2 9

2 7

2.4

2.4

2.4

Nov.

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2 1

2.1

2.2

2 2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1 

2.1

2 0

3

n

2.4

2 2

2.2

2.3

2.9

9 ^

2.3

2.3

2.5

Dec.

2.4

2.5

14.1

13.8

9.6

5.4

4. G

8.0

17.4

18.2

12.4

7.6

5.4 

5.1

7.4

8.6

7.4

5.9

K 9

5.4

19 O

12.4

10.0

9 6

7.0

5.6

G. 1

5.9

5.2
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 123

Station rating table for Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga., front, January 1 to December

31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

420

455

495

5.10

585

630

680

730

780

830

880

935

990

1,045

1,100

1,155

1,215

1,275

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

Discharge.

Se.cond-feet.

1,335

1,395

1,455

1,520

1,585

1,650

1,715

1,780

1,845

1,910

1,975

2,040

2,110

2,180

2,250

2,320

2,390

2,460

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,530

2,600

2,675

2,750

2,825

2,900

2,975

3,050

3,125

3,200

3,360

3,520

3,680

3,840

4,000

4,160

4,320

4,480

Gage 

height. .

Feet.

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9.80

10.00

10.20

10.40

10.60

10.80

11.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

4,640

4,800

4,980

5,160

5,340

5,520

5,700

5,880

6,060

6,240

6,420

6,600

6,780

6,960

7,140

7,320

7,500

The above table is based on six discharge measurements made during 1904-5 and one high-water 

measurement in 1906. It is well denned between gage heights l!6 feet and 6 feet. Above 6 feet the table 

is uncertain, the high-water estimates being rough approximations. Above gage height 11 feet the 

rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 100 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,614 square miles.]

Month.

July....... . .. .... .......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

16,700 

18,500 

5,880 

5,880 

10,500 

3,200 

5,520 

5,520 

2,460 

2,600 

1,155 

14,700

18,500

Minimum.

935 

1,155 

1,780 

1,520 

1,520 

1,045 

830 

455 

455 

585 

630 

830

455

Mean.

2,876 

7,512 

2,756 

2,123 

3,476 

1,572 

1,793 

1,735 

818 

922 

752 

5,409

2,645

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.78 

4.65 

1.71 

1.32 

2.15 

.974 

1 11 

1.07 

.507 

.571 

.466 

3.35

1.64

Depth in 

inches.

2.05 

4.84 

1.97 

1.47 

2.48 

1.09 

1,28 

1.23 

.566 

.658 

' .520 

3.86

22.01
124 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

COOSAWATTEE RIVER AT CARTERS, GA.

This river is formed by the junction of Ellijay and Cartecay rivers at Ellijay, Ga., and 

flows in a southwesterly direction, joining the Conasauga to form the Oostanaula. Its 

drainage area is for the most part mountainous and covered with forest growth. The 

gaging station was established August 15, 1896, by M. R. Hall, at the iron highway bridge 

at Carters, Murray County, Ga. Carters is at the head of navigation, small boats running 

to Rome, Ga., and the Coosa River below. It is at the foot of the great shoals made by 

this stream in cutting through the Cohutta Mountains.

The channel is curved for 1,000 feet above and 500 feet below the station. The current 

is swift and broken. Both banks are high, but overflow at flood stages. The bed of the 

stream is of gravel and is not liable to change.

Discharge measurements are made from the single-span highway bridge and its 

approaches. The initial point for soundings is the land side of the pier on the right bank.

A standard chain gage is attached to the downstream side of the bridge in the third 

panel from the right bank; length of chain, 36.57 feet. The observer is R. P. Messer, who 

reads the gage once a day. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the 

cylindrical iron pier at the right bank,4 downstream side; elevation, 30.35 feet. (2) The 

top of a stone post set into the ground on the north side of the river, about 300 feet from 

the end of the iron bridge and on the west side of the road leading toward Carter's mill; 

elevation, 22.15 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, pp 96-97; WS 15, p 49; 27, p 48; 36, pp 144-145; 48, p 161; 65, D 276; 83, p 151; 

98, pp 156-157; 127, p 139.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 97; WS15,p49; 27, p 57; 36, p 145; 48, p 161; a5, p 276; 83, p 151; 98, p 157; 127, 

p 140.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 19, iv, p 244; 20 iv, pp 180,191; 21, iv, p 146; 22, iv, p 197; WS 75, p 89; 83, 

p 153; 98, p 159; 127, p 141.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: WS 11, p 27; 15, p 49; 27, p 52; 36, p 146; 48, p 162; 65, p 277; 83, p 152; 98, pp 157-158; 

127, p 140.

Hydrographs: Ann 19, iv, p 244; 20, iv, p 192; 21 iv, p 147; 22, iv, p 197.

Rainfall and run-off relation: Ann 20, iv, p 181.

Rating tables: Ann 18, iv, p 98; 19, iv, p 243; WS 27, p 58; 39, p 445; 52, p 514; 65, p 322; 83, p 153; 98, 

p 158; 127, p 141.

Discharge measurements of Coosawattee River at Garters, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

March 18......

March 28......

September 28. .

Hydrographer.

0. P. Hall.................. .......

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

M. R. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

112

112

112

108

111

111

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

372

389

326

212

384

384

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.28

2.36

2.13

1.70

2.45

2.48

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.10

2.21

1.77

1.02

2.39

2.39

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

848

917

694

361

942

951
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. . 125

Daily gage height, in feet, of Coosawattee River at Carters, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

1.. ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.3

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.1 1.2'

1.3

1.2

1.1

14.5

7.3

4.2

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.4

Feb.

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

3.0

9.5

13.0

5.0

4.0

4.0

6.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.8

14.0

10.0

6.0

4.0

3.5

3.0

3.5

3.3

3.2

Mar.

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.5

3.0

4.2

3.2

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

3.5

3.0

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.5

2.5

Apr.

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.5

2.1

2.0

3.5

May.

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

3.5

5.5

3.3

2.5

2.3

2.4

2.2

7.0

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

June.

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

3.5

3.0

2.0

2.0

July.

1.9

1

Q

1.8

I

D

1 Q

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

3.0

5.0

5.5

4.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

Aug.

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.6

1.6

2.0

4.0

3.0

2.5

2.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1 4

Sept.

1.4

4.2

3.5

2.0

1 6

1.4

1 A

1.35

1.3

i ^

1.3

6.0

2.0

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Oct.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

3.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

"

1 3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

Nov.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.1

2.0

2.1

1.5

1.1

1.1

1.1

Dec.

1.1

2.0

is. a

9.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

12.0

9.6

4.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

5.0

4.0

3.2

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

Station rating table for Coosawattee River at Carters, Ga.,from January 1 to December 31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

325

360

400

440

480

520

560

605

650

695

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

740

785

830

875

920

97fr

1,020

2.60 1,070

2. 70 1, 120

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,170

1,220

1,275

1,330

1,385

1,440

1,500

1,560

1,620

i

height.

Feet.

3. 70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,680

1,740

1,805

1,870

2,000

2,130

2,270

2,410

2,550

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1902-1905. It is well defined between 

gage heights 0.9 foot and 4.5 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above gage 

height 5 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 72 per tenth.
126 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Estimated monthly discharge ofCoosawattee River at Carters, Oa.,for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 531 square miles.]

Month.

May.........................................

July....................................... .

November ......................... .....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,390 

9,030 

3,630 

1,560 

3,990 

1,560 

2,910 

1,870 

3,270 

1,275 

830 

12, 050

12,050

Minimum.

400 

520 

786 

695 

718 

650 

560 

500 

360 

325 

325 

400

325

Mean.

1,140 

2,264 

1,144 

868 

1,147 

752 

887 

759 

652 

490 

394 

2,026

1,043

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.15 

4.26 

2.15 

1.62 

2.16 

1.42 

1.67 

1.43 

1.23 

.923 

.742 

3.82

1.96

Depth in 

inches.

2.48 

4.44 

2.48 

1.81 

2.49 

1.58 

1.92 

1.65 

1.37 

1.06 

.828 

4.40

26.51

C ARTEC AY RIVER XEAR C ARTEC AY, GA.

This station was established June 27, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is located at the Cartecay 

Bridge on the public road 6 miles upstream from Ellijay, Ga., and 1§ miles northwest of 

Cartecay, Ga. Turkey Creek enters from the south side and Owltown Creek from the north 

side between this point and Ellijay. There is probably no considerable interference from 

dams above the station.

The channel is straight for about 500 feet above and below the station. The current is 

swift. Both banks are high, but are subject to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of bowlders and is probably permanent, the water flowing in one channel.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single 60-foot span 

wooden bridge. The bridge has an approach on the right bank of 24 feet and on the left bank 

of 26 feet. The initial point for soundings is the edge of the abutment on the right bank, 

downstream side.

The gage is a vertical 10-foot timber, fastened to the sill and downstream post of the 

trestle bent at the right bank. The gage is read once each day by S. A. Burrell, who is paid 

by the Georgia Geological Survey. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the 

first floor beam from the right bank, marked by nails and white paint; elevation, 16.50 feet 

above the datum of the gage.

A description of this station and gage height and discharge data are contained in WaterSupply Paper of the United States Geological Survey No. 127, pp. 142-143 .

Discharge measurements of Cartecay River near Cartecaij, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

June 22........

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall. ......................... .

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

55

56

55

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

69

82

69

Mean 

velocity .

Feet -per 

second.

2.42

2.80

1.99

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.20

1.45

1.07

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

167

230

137
MOBILE ELVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 127

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cartecay River near Cartecay, Ga.,for 1905.

Day.

I........ ......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16......'........

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.............!

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

0.9

QC

.95

.95

.9

1.2

"9 7

2.5

1.7

1.6

1.35

1 ^

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

Feb.

0.95

.95

.9

.85

.9

1.1

1.1

2.1

2.9

2.8

1.6

2.8

1.6

1.5

1.35

6.5

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.5

Mar.

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.35

1 45

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.6

2.6

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.4

Apr.

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.7'

1.4

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.2

1.25

1.5

1.3

1.9

1.8

May.

1.7

.7

.6

.5

.45

1 9

1.6

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

2.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.6

June.

1.5

1.35

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.6

9 3

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1 9

July.

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.35

.2

.2

.2

.2

4.3

3.6

2.7

2.1

1 9

1:3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

Aug.

1.1

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.95

1.6

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

3.6

2.9

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

Sept.

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.9

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

.9

.9

.9

.95

.95

.9

1.0

1.0

1.6

Oct.

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.95

1.0

1.0

.9

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

.9

.9

Nov.

0.9

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

.95

.95

.9

.9

.85

.85

.9

.9

.9

.9

1.0

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.2

Dec.

1.1

1.3

4.6

3.2

2.0

1.8

1.4

1.3

2.5

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4-

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

Station rating table for Cartecay River near Cartecay, Ga., from July 1, 1904, to December

31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.80

.90

1.00

1.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

80

95

113

134

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.20

1.30

1.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

158

185

215

Gage, 

height.

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

249

286

326

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

366

411

456

The above table is based on eight discharge measurements made during 1904-5. It is well defined 

between gage heights 0.8 foot and 1.5 feet. As the highest measurement is at 1.5 feet the table has not 

been extended beyond 2 feet. For that reason no monthly estimates have been made. The table as 

given covers the low-water period.

ELLIJAY RIVER AT ELLIJAY, GA.

This station was established June 28, 1904, by M. R. Hall, for the purpose of making a 

series of miscellaneous measurements. It is located at a wagon bridge about one-half mile 

east of Ellijay, Ga., and about the same distance above the junction of Ellijay and Cartecay
128 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

The channel is straight for about 500 feet above and below the station. The right bank is 

about 12 feet high and the left bank is about 10 feet high. Both banks are bordered by 

fields and are subject to overflow. There is one channel, broken by one wooden pier. The 

bed of the stream is conposed of rock, and the current ranges from very swift above the 

station to sluggish below.

Discharge measurements are made from the open wooden wagon bridge, having two 40- 

foot spans and 50-foot approaches on each bank. The initial point for soundings is the end 

of the bridge at the right bank, on the downstream side.

A gage stafT, reading from 2 to 6 feet, is nailed to the downstream vertical post at the 

right bank, and a bench mark established for reference. Regular gage readings are not 

maintained. The bench mark is a small nail and white paint mark in the downstream 

vertical post at the right bank; elevation, 7.00 feet above datum of the assumed gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers of 

the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 127, p 143.

Discharge: 27, p 45; 36, p 145; 43, p 209; S, p 293; 127, p 144.

Discharge measurements ofEllijay River at Ellijay, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

April 18. .......

June 21... .....

October 16.....

Hydrographer.

0. P7 Hall................ ..........

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

70

72

69

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

85

90

70

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.71

1.73

1.63

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.70

1.78

 1.42

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

145

156

114

M3UXTAINTOWX CREEK 1VEAR ELLIJAY, GA.

This station was established May 10, 1904, by O. P. Hall for the purpose of making a 

series of miscellaneous discharge measurements. It is located at the covered bridge, known 

as Charles Bridge, about 4 miles west of Ellijay, Ga., and about the same distance above 

the mouth of the creek.

The channel is straight for about 500 feet above and 100 feet below the station. Both 

banks are high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream is rocky. The water is 

shallow and swift at the bridge, the better section being at the foot log below the bridge.

The bridge consists of a single span of 54 feet, with short trestle approaches at either end. 

Discharge measurements are made either from the bridge, where the meter is lowered 

through holes in the floor, or at n, foot log half a mile below the bridge. The initial point 

for soundings is tho end of the trestle approach at the right bank.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is a nail driven into the 

vertical post of the main bent under the right end of the bridge 6 feet above the top of the 

mud sill of the bent; elevation, 7.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

A description of this station and gage-height and discharge data are contained in WaterSupply Paper of the United States Geological Survey No. 127, page 144.

Discharge measurements of Mountaintown Creek near EUijay, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

April 19...... .

October 17. ....

Hydrographer.

0. P. Hall...........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

58

53

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

44

36

Mean

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.55

Gage 

height.

Feet.

.93

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

152

92
MOBILE EIVEE DKALNAGE BASIN. 129

TALKING BOCK CREEK NEAR CARTERS, GA.

f

This station was established May 26, 1904, by O. P. Hall for the purpose of making a 

series of miscellaneous discharge measurements. Numerous measurements of the creek 

had previously been made in connection wij/h measurements of the Coosawattee River station. It is located about 3 miles above the mouth of Talking Rock Creek and about the 

same distance east of Carters, Ga.

Both banks are high and will probably not overflow. There is one channel at all stages. 

The section is a good one.

Discharge measurements are made from a boat just above R. L. Hill's boat landing, or 

by wading at a shoal a short distance below.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is a nail in a large elm 

tree on the left bank at R. L. Hill's boat landing; elevation, 7.50 feet above the datum of 

the assumed gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann = Annual Report; WS = Water-Supply Paper):

Description: WS 127, pp. 144-145.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 97; 19 , iv, p 252; WS 27, p 45; 36, p 145; 9, p 209; 127, p 145.

Discharge measurements of Talking Bock Creek near Carters, Ga., in 1905.

Date. Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall. ..........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

33

40

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

36

42

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

3.97

1.21

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.59

1.16

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

143

51

BIG CEDAR CREEK NEAR CAVESPRING, GA.

This station was established in 1905 for the purpose of making a series of miscellaneous 

discharge measurements. It is located at the wagon bridge about 3 miles north of Cavespring, Ga., 1 mile below the Southern Railway bridge and half a mile below the mouth of 

Little Cedar Creek.

The channel is straight for about 200 feet above and 300 feet below the bridge. The right 

bank is low and will overflow to the extent of the 100-foot wooden approach. The left 

bank is high and will not overflow. The bed is of sand and mud, and is therefore probably 

shifting. The current is sluggish at low stages.

Measurements are made from the single iron span 91 feet long. The initial point for 

soundings is the end of the bridge at the left bank, upstream.

Gage heights are determined directly from the bench mark, which is the top of the 

upstream end of the second floor beam from the right-bank end of the bridge; elevation, 

20.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

A description of this station and discharge data are contained in Water-Supply Paper of 

the United States Geological Survey No. 127, page 176.

Discharge measurement of Big Cedar Greek near Gavespring, Ga., in 1905.

Date.

July 25........

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall. .........................

Width.

Feet. 

48

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

211

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

0.55

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.70

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

117

IRE 168 06 9
130 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV. 

CHOCCOLOCCO CREEK NEAR JENIFER ALA.

The gage at this station was established August 20, 1902, by J. M. Giles. Measurements 

were first made by M. R. Hall in 1900. It is located at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge, 1| miles north of Jenifer, Ala. There are small shoals both above and below 

the bridge.

The channel is straight for 1,500 feet above and below the station, and has a width of 

100 feet at low water. The right bank overflows at a gage height of about 6 feet. The 

left bank is high and will not overflow except under the bridge. The bed is rocky and not 

likely to change.

Discharge measurements are made from the single-span bridge and its trestle approach 

on the right bank. The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge on the left bank.

The gage consists of a vertical timber fastened to a birch tree 2Q feet upstream from the 

bridge on the left bank. It reads from 0.3 foot to 10 feet. The observer is W. J. Tolbert, 

who is paid by the Alabama Geological Survey.

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the upstream end of the second 

floor beam from the left bank; elevation, 22.91. feet. (2) A copper plug in the upstream 

wing of the left abutment; elevation, 14.19 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 98, p 144; 127, p 145. 

Discharge: 98, p 145; 127, p 146. 

Discharge, monthly: 98, p 146; 127, p 148. 

Gage heights: 98, p 145; 127, p 147. 

Rating table: 98, p 145; 127, p 147.

Discharge measurements of Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

May 16 ........

Hydrographer.

J.M.Giles...........................

.....do.............................

M. R.Hall...........................

.....do..............................

W.E.Hall.. ........................

Width.

Feet. 

103

103

111

111

88

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

225

225

317

120

224

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.72

1.77

2.48

2.48

.73

1.83

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.80

2.78

3.72

3.74

2.83

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

387

399

785

783

88

409
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 131

Daily gage height, in feet, of Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

1..............

.2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9.............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14 . ... . ....

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19...... ......

20. .............

21.............

22...... ......

23............ .

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29............ .

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.0

2 o

2.0

5.7

7.5

7.1

3.9

3.1

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.7

Feb.

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

3.5

3.6

4.2

6.8

7.5

5.7

4.2

5.1

5.0

4.3

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.3

4 6

3.8

3.5

3.2

2.9

Mar.

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.5 d

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.6

3.4

3.1

2.8

2.75

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.8

5.4

4 0

2.1

2.9

2.8

2.6

Apr.

2.5

2.4

2.4

k. 9 4

2.5

2.55

2.5

2.4

2 4

2.4

2.6

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.25

2 2

9 9

May.

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

3.6

2.7

3.0

2.45

3.0

3.1

3.5

3.5

3.0

June.

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.65

2.3

2.3

2.7

9 QC

2.35

2.3

3.5

2.5

July.

2.45

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.9

3.5

3.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.0

2 A

2.0

2 A

2.0

2.2

Aug.

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.1

3.3

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.9

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

Sept.

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

2.4

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.7

Oct.

1.9

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.8

.1.75

1.8

2.0

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 Q

1 Q

1 Q

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

Nov.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.7

1 7^

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

Dec.

1.9

1.85

4.7

5.0

4.0

2.7

2.5

2.4

3.6

4.6

4.0

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.6

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.8

4.6

4.8

5.0

4.1

3.8

3.3

3.1

2.9

3.2

3.2

3.0

Station rating table for Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., from January 1 to December

31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.70

1.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

68 1. 90

80 2.00

94 2. 10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

108

124

144

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

170

202

236

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

272

310

350

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1C05. It is well denned between 

age heights 1.7 feet and 3.8 feet. Above gage height 2.7 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference 

«ing 42 per tenth. .
132 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Estimated monthly discharge of Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 272 square miles.]

Month.

May.........................................

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,366 

2,366 

1,484 

310 

770 

686 

686 

602 

236 

144 

108 

1,316

2,366

Minimum.

108 

*236 

144 

170 

144 

144 

124 

108 

74 

80 

68 

101

68

Mean.

410 

824 

411 

226 

338 

225 

216 

175 

105 

99.8 

94.5 

625

312

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.50 

3.03 

1.51 

.831 

1.24 

.827 

.794 

.643 

.386 

.367 

.347 

2.30

Depth in 

inches.

1.73 

3.16 

1.74 

.927 

1.43 

.923 

.915 

.741 

.431 

.423 

.387 

2.65

1.15 -15.46

TAULAPOOSA RIVER AT STTJRDBVANT, ALA.

This station was established July 19, 1900, by M. R. Hall. It is located at the Columbus 

and Western Eailroad bridge, one-fourth mile west of Sturdevant. The station, being 

above the dams at Tallassee, is intended to replace the Milstead station. A map and 

profile of Tallapoosa River is published in the Twenty-second Annual Report of the 

United States Geological Survey, Part IV.

The channel is-slightly curved directly above the bridge and for about one-half mile 

below. .The current is swift and much broken by shoals below the bridge, but is sluggish 

at low stages at and near the station. Both banks are high, the right overflowing for about 

150 feet and the left for about 200 feet. The bed is of rock and gravel and is probably 

permanent.

At ordinary stages discharge measurements are made from a footway supported by the 

bracing of the lower chord of the bridge. At low stages measurements are made from a 

boat of by wading about 2,000.feet upstream or about 500 feet below the bridge. The 

initial point for soundings is the end of the iron bridge on the east or left bank, downstream 

side.

The original gage was a staff in two sections. June 10, 1905, a standard chain gage was 

fastened to the lower chord on the downstream side of the second span of the bridge; length 

of the chain, 39.49 feet. The bottom of the gage box is 37.49 feet above the datum of the 

gage. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) A wire nail driven into the southwest 

corner of the second pier on the east bank; elevation, 14.20 feet. (2) A copper plug set in 

solid rock in the bed of the river about 80 feet below the bridge, at a point 400 feet from 

the end of the bridge at the left bank, the rock projecting above the water at ordinary 

stages; elevation, 4.89 feet. (3) A white-paint mark on the downstream end of the lower 

crossbeam at a point 278 feet from the initial point for soundings; elevation, 37.65 feet. 

(4) A cross mark cut on the left side of the second stone pier from the left bank, 7 feet from 

the downstream corner and 6 feet above the ground; elevation, 15.00 feet. Elevations 

refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 48, p 167; 65, p 272; 83, p 137; 

Discharge: 48, p 167; 65, p 272; 83, p 137; 9

S, pp 136-137; 127, p 153. 

, p 137; 127, p 154.
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 133

Discharge, monthly: 83, pp 138-139; 98, p 139; 127, p 156.

Gage heights: 48, p 167; 65, p 272; 83, pp 137-138; 98, pp 137-138; 127, p 155.

Rating tables: 83, p 138; 98, p 138; 127, p 155.

Discharge measurements of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

May 17........

Hydrographer.

.....do...... ................. .......

.....do. .......................... ...

..... do...... -.-...-...-...-...-.... -

.....do........--...-...-..-.....-...

.....do.... ....-...-.-.--..--....-..-

M. R. Hall. .........................

W. E. Hall... ...................... .

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

364

428

428

420

422

406

394

290

175

342

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

2,461

5,556

5,607

4,929

5,103

4,254

. 2, 947

2,008

739

2,300

Mean 

velocity.

Feet -per 

second.

0.81

3.81

3.80

3.16

3.27

2.64

1.43

.46

.52

.80

Cage 

height.

Feet. 

2.28

9.75

9.80

8.15

8.60

6.60

3.88

1.39

.34

2.33

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

2,001

21, 150

21,290

15, 570

16, 670

11,240

4,212

932

385

1,838

a Measured from a boat one-fourth mile above bridge. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

Jan.

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.6

1.7

2.2

1.9

1.7

2.1

1.9

9.0

15.8

10.5

8.0

5.1

3.8

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.2

9 *\

Feb.

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.35

2.5

3.7

4.0

5.4

9.5

8.8

6.6

6.0

8.6

7.7

5.8

4.9

4.3

4.0

3.9

4.2

4.8

5.8

4.9

4.3

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.3

Mar.

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

3.3

3.8

3.9

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

3.3

6.4

6.2

5.1

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2

0

Apr.

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.8

3.1

3.3

3.1

3.6

3.4

3.9

3.8 .

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.85

2.7

2.65

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.6

3.0

May.

2.75

2.55

2.7

2.9

3.0

 2.7

2.4

3.0

3.5

3.1

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.0

3.6

3.9

3.6

2.9

2.6

2.6

3.2

3.6

3.4

3.6

4.0

3.5

2.9*

2.75

2.4

June.

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.8

2.25

1.85

1.7

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.0

1.8

2.2

1.8

2.0

2.2

3.0

2.5

2.3

July.

2.9

2.2

1.9

1.6

1.45

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.8

2.0

2.45

3.9

4.1

3.2

2.6

2.1

1.65

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.2

1.25

1.1

1.0

1.95

1.7

1.4

1.35

2.65

2.2

2.1

Aug.

2.5

2.0

1.6

1.2

1.1

.9

.8

.7

1.6

1.5

3.0

4.4

6.7

4.0

2.9

3.4

7.5

4.6

3.7

3.1

2.6

2.9

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.3

1.8

1.7

2.2

Sept.

2.3

1.4

1.7

2.2

1.9

1.49

1.2

1.1

.9

.8

 .7

1.0

.9

.75

1.0

.9

.7

.6

.6

.5

.5

.45

.4

.3

.25

.2

.1

.1

.1

2

Oct.

0.4

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.9

1.3

1.1

.8

.75

.9

1.5

1.7

1.4

1.25

1.2

1.4

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.4

1.15

1.0

.9

.8

.9

2.4

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.2

Nov.

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.9

1.0

1.2

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.45

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.25

1.4

1.85

Dec.

1.6

1.4

8.4

10.3

7.4

5.5

3.8

3.4

8.4

8.2

6.8

5.8

3.6

3.2

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.5

4.6

8.4

7.7

6.1

5.4

4.6

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.3
134 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., from January 1 to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

296

334

374

416

460

506

554

604

656

710

766

824

885

950

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,020

1,100

1,180

1,270

1,360

1,460

1,560

1,670

1,790

1,910

2,040

2,170

2,300

2,440

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,580

2,730

2,880

3,030

3,190

3,350

3,520

3,690

3,870

4,060

4,250

4,450

4,870

5,310

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,770

6,250

6,760

7,280

7,800

8,330

8,880

9,440

10,000

10,560

11,140

11,740

12,350

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1904-5. It is well defined between 

gage heights 0.4 foot and 10 feet. Above gage height 7 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference 

being 320 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 2,500 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

40, 510 

20,350 

10,560 

4,250 

4, 450 

2,730 

4,660 

13,950 

1,790 

1,910 

1,460 

22,910

40,510

Minimum.

1,100 

1,850 

2.440 

2,040 

1,460 

885 

710 

554 

296 

416 

656 

950

296

Mean.

4,977 

6,897 

3,647 

2,694 

2,744 

1,459 

1,540 

2,754 

677 

929 

889 

7,411

3,052

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.99 

2.76 

1.46 

1.08 

1.10 

.584 

.6ifi 

1.10 

.271 

.372 

.356 

2.96

1.22

Depth in 

inches.

2.29 

2.87 

1.68 

1.20 

1.27 

.652 

.710 

1.27 

.302 

.429 

.397 

3.41

16.48

CAHABA RIVER AT CEKTERVLLLE, ALA.

This station was established August 7, 1901, and is situated at the iron highway bridge 

one-fourth mile west of Centerville, Ala., one-half mile above the Mobile and Ohio Railroad 

bridge.

The channel is straight for 1,500 feet above the station and one-half mile below. The 

current is swift. The right bank overflows at extreme high water. The left bank overflows only under the approach to the bridge. The bed is nearly all rock, and there is but 

one channel, broken by the piers of the bridge.

Discharge measurements are made from the single-span highway bridge supported by
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 135

tubular iron piers. The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge on the left 

bank, downstream side.

The original chain gage was fastened to the timber railing along the downstream side of 

the bridge, about 100 feet from the initial point for soundings. July 12, 1905, a standard 

chain gage was fastened to the downstream side of the fourth panel from the left-bank end 

of the bridge; length of the chain, 48.87 feet. The bottom of the gage box at the pulley 

is 46.87 feet above the datum of the gage. The datum is the same as that of the original 

gage. The observer is W. C. Edwards, who is paid by the Alabama Geological Survey. 

Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The downstream end of'the fourth floor 

beam from the right bank; elevation, 42.85 feet. (2) A chisel cut on the downstream side 

of the downstream pier at the left bank; elevation, 10.00 feet. Elevations refer to the 

datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 65, p 283; 83, p 129; 98, p 129; 127, pp 157-158. 

Discharge: 65, p 283; 83, p 129; 98, p 129; 127, p 158. 

Discharge, monthly: 83, p 130; 98, p 131; 127, p 160. 

Gage heights: 65, p 283; 83, p 129; 98, p 130; 127, p 159. 

Rating tables: 83, p 130; 98, p 130; 127, p 159.

Discharge measurements qfCahaba River at Oentervitte, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

June 28........

July 11.. ......

Hydrographer.

J.M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

.....do. ...... .......................

.....do. ...... .......................

.....do..............................

.....do. ............ .................

W. E.Hall..........................

.....do................--...-.--.-...

.....do.............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

182

202

202

173

172

172

120

120

120

155

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

1,642

2,274

2,352

1,399

1,297

1,274

289

281

281

701

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

2.36

2.23

2.14

2.03

1.93

1.91

1.38

1.38

1.40

1.84

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.85

12.15

12.25

7.36

6.77

6.70

1.90

1.82

1.82

4.44

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

3,882

5,204

5,082

2,842

2,504

2,431

398

388

393

1,287
136 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cahaba River at Centervitte, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

I..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

&..............

7.... ......... .

8--...-...-....

9..............

10..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22 .

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29-.---.---.-...

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 9

25.5

24.2

21.3

11.0

7.0

5.5

4.7

4.3

4.2

3.9

3.5

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

2 4

2

0

2.6

6.5

8.5

Feb.

6.7

5.4

4.6

4.8

7.0

16.5

15.9

17.3

25.9

23.9

13.6

22.8

19.5

15.6

11.2

9 1

7.3

6.5

7.5

12.2

12.5

9 6

7.5

6.7

5.3

4.6

Mar.

4.4

4.3

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.4

4.6

4.0

3.5

3.3

3.0

9 Q

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

6.6

20.4

14.7

11.5

8.3

4 7

4 x.

4.0

3.7

Apr.

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.0

4.4

4.4

4.0

4.8

11.5

6.7

5.0

4.3

4.3

3.8

3.3

3.2

3.7

3.3

3.1

6.7

6.7

6.5

May.

6 9

5.3

4.7

4.2

3.7

3.4

4.0

7.7

9.4

5.3

4.0

3.4

3. 1

2.8

7.2

5.4

4.4

3.6

5.8

10.3

5.7

5 9

3.8

June.

4.0

3.8

3.2

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

3.2

2.0

2.5

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.6

2.0

1.8

2.2

4.4

July.

4.2

3.9

3.5

2.6

2.3

2.0

2.5

2.1

2.0

2.3

5.8

4.6

3.0

2.5

2.1

1 9

].8

1.6

1.6

1.5

3.3

3.3

2.7

2.3 l".8

1.7

2.5

Aug.

2.4

2 1

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.6

2.4

3.1

2.8

3.1

3.0

1 9

3.7

4.6

2.8

4.8

- 4.6

3.5

3.4

3.0

3.1

3.7

4.1

3.0

2.4

1.9

Sept.

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.9 '2.3

2 2

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.8

1.5

. 1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

Oct.

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

2.0

2.1

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.9

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

Nov.

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.6

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.3

1 9

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.5

Dec.

1.3

1.4

11.9

7.1

4.0

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.1

9 1

2.1

3.1

3.9

3.8

3.5

3.2

6.5

 7.5

7 9

10.5

8.5

6 4

4.5

6.3

5.4

4.6

Station rating table for Cahaba River at Centennlle, Ala., from January 1 to December 31,

1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

160

185

211

237

263

290

317

345

373

401

430

459

489

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

519

549

580

611

643

675

707

740

775

811

847

883

920

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

957

995

1,033

1,071

1,110

1,149

1,189

1,229

1,269

1,310

1,352

1,397

1,442

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,491

1,540

1,640

1,740

1,842

1,946

2,050

2,158

2,266

2,374

2,482

2 590

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1903-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 1 foot and 7 feet. Above gage height 7 feet the rating curve is a tanget, the difference being 55 per tenth.
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 137

Estimated monthly discharge ofOahaba River at CenterviUe, Ala., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,040 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,760 

12,980 

9,960 

5,065 

5,450 

1,269 

1,946 

1,442 

519 

611 

345 

5,285

12,980

Minimum.

373 

1,352 

611 

740 

6^5 

317 

290 

237 

185 

185 

160 

237

160

Mean.

2,102 

5,129 

1,774 

1,440 

2,024 

521 

653 

665 

291 

280 

241 

1,496

1,385

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.02 

4.93 

1.71 

1.38 

1.95 

.501 

.628 

.639 

.280 

.269 

.232 

1.44

1.33

Depth in 

inches.

2.33 

5.13 

1.97 

1.54 

2.25 

.559 

.724 

.737 

.312 

.310 

.259 

1.66

17.78

TOMB1GBEE BIVEK AT COLUMBUS, MISS.

This station is located at the county highway bridge at the south end of Main street in 

the city of Columbus, Miss.

The channel is slightly curved for 600 feet above and 1,000 feet below the station. The 

current is sluggish at low stages and very swift above a gage height of 12 feet. The right 

bank is high and seldom overflows. The left bank overflows only under the bridge approach 

at a gage height of 18 to 22 feet. The bed of the stream is of soft limestone or chalk. The 

width of the river at low water is 160 feet. The maximum recorded height of the river was 

on April 8, 1892, when the gage registered 42 feet. The lowest recorded height was on 

October 26, 1893, when the gage reading was 3.9 feet.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge. The initial point for soundings is 

the end of the iron bridge on the right bank, downstream side.

Prior to 1905 the records of the United States Weather Bureau gage were used. This 

gage is located about 1,000 feet below the bridge and 1 mile from the Southern. Rail way 

station. It is a vertical timber set in a cross cut in the nearly vertical bluff on the left bank. 

July 13, 1905, a standard chain gage was attached to the upstream lower chord, 30 feet to 

the right of the center of the draw span of the bridge; length of chain, 48.01 feet. The 

.bottom of the gage box is 41.01 feet above gage datum. The new gage was set to accord 

with bench mark No. 1 on the bridge, the elevation of which is 39.85 feet above datum. 

This bench mark was established several years ago by measuring down to the water surface 

and reading the height of the water on the vertical gage at the same time. It has been used 

for determining the gage height for most of the discharge measurements, as the position of 

the vertical gage makes it difficult to read accurately at low stages. The new gage will 

therefore read with the vertical gage at low and ordinary stages. The gage is read by C. R. 

Shackelford, the bridge watchman. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top 

of the downstream girder at a point 250 feet from the initial point for soundings; elevation, 

39.85 feet. This point is on the movable portion of the drawbridge and may vary in elevation. (2) A copper plug in a tree at the southeast corner of First street and Second avenue; 

elevation, 18.04 feet. (3) The top of the rail at the depot of the Southern Railway; elevation, 55,20 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is 191 feet 

above sea level.
138 STEEAM MEASUEEMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of United States Geological Survey:

Description: 48, pp 174-175; 65, p 285; 83, p 161; 98, pp 166-167; 127, pp 160-161.

Discharge: 65, p 285; 83, p 162; 98, p 167; 127, p 161.

Discharge, monthly: 75, p 97; 83, p 163; 98, p 169; 127, p 163.

Gage heights: 48, p 175; 65, p 285; 83, p 162; 98, pp 167-168; 127, p 162.

Rating tables: 65, p 323; 83, p 163; 98, p 168; 127, p 162.

Discharge measurements ofTomhigbee River at Columbus, Miss., in 1905.

Date.

June 22........

July 13........

November 23...

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

.....do...............................

W. E. Hall... ......................

.....do...............................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

409

389

305

115

182

101

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet. 

7,440

7,295

5,172

1,210

1,522

1,068

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

4.28

4.23

3.76

1.49

2.23

.92

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

20.32

20.05

13. 70

- .82

1.11

- 2.00

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

31,880

30,890

19,430

1,808

3,403

987

Daily gage height, in feet, ofTombigbee River at Columbus, Miss., for 1905.

Day.

1............. .... .. .... .... .......

2.................... ...... ...... ..............

3..................... ..............................

4...................... .............................

5........................... ........................

6....................................................

7....................................................

8....................................................

9....................................................

10....................................................

11.................... ....... .....................

12....................................................

13....................................................

14...................!................................

15....................................................

16. ...................................................

17....................................................

18................ ....................................

19....................................................

20....................................................

21....................................................

22....................................................

23....................................................

24....................................................

25....................................................

26....................................................

27....................................................

28

29..... ...............................................

30. ...................................................

31...........................................".........

July.

l.i

.95

__ 0

-1.25

-1.9

-2.2

-2.5

-2.65

-2.8

-2.95

-3.0

-2.95

-2.05

-2.3

-2.4

-2.15

-2.05

-2.55

-2.15

Aug.

-0.0

-1.1

-1.45

-1.45

-1.5

-1.95

-2.4

-2.25

-1.8

-1.55

4.9

5.7

4.7

4.6

3.3

3.1

3.3

3.2

2.55

1.3

3.5

.7

.4

- .05

- .25

1.75

2.2

1.9

.8

- .7

-1.5

Sept.

-0.9

-2.0

-1.9

-2.1

-1.8

-2.0

-2.2

-2.05

-2.0

-2.9

-2.7

-2.1

-2.0

-1.6

-1.7

-1.7

-1.9

-2.3

-2.6

-2.4

-1.5

-2.4

-2.6

-2.7

-2.6

-2.6

-2.9

-3.0

-3.1

-3.2

Oct.

-2.7

-2.9

- .9

- .2

-1.0

-1.2

-1.0

-1.4

-2.1

-1.9

-1.4

- .9

-1.0

- .7

- .7

1.9

1.3

.6

.2

- .6

-1.6

-2.1

-2.3

-2.4

-2.5

-1.6

-1.8

-1.9

-1.4

-1.6

-1.8

Nov.

-1.9

-2.2

-2.3

-2.4

-2.5

-2.4

-2.4

-2.3

-2.4

-2.1

.7

.7

.8

.9

.6

- .2

- .9

-1.4

-1.6

-1.7

-1.9

-2.0

-2.0

-2.0

-2.0

-2.1

-2.2

-2.3

-2.3

-2.2

Dec.

-2.2

-2.0

-1.3

- .4

- .0

.4

.4

.0

- .4

- .9

-1.1

-1.2

-1.1

-1.0

4.8

6.8

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

7.1

7.0

6.4

7.1

6.8

6.5

6.0

5.0

4.8

4.1

3.5
MOBILE KIVEE DKAlNAGE BASIN. 189

Station-rating table for Tombigbee River at Columbus, Miss., from July 13 to December 31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-3.20

-3.10

-3.00

-2.90

-2.80

-2.70

-2.60

-2.50

-2.40

-2.30

-2.20

-2.10

-2.00

-1.90

-1.80

-1.70

-1.60

-1.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

360

405

450

~ 500

550

605

660

715

770

825

880

940

1,000

1,060

1,120

1,180

1,245

1,310

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-1.40

-1.30

-1.20

-1.10

-1.00

- .90

- .80

- .70

- .60

- .50

- .40

- .30

- .20

- .10

.00

.10

.20

.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,375

1,440

1,510

1,580

1,650

1,725

1,800

1,880

1,960

2,040

2,120

2,200

2,280

2,360

2,440

2,530

2,620

2,710

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,800

2,890

2,980

3,070

3,160

3,250

3,340

3,540

3,740

3,940

4,140

4,340

4,540

4,740

4,950

5,170

5,390

5,610

hSl Discharge.

Feet. Second-feet.

3.40 5,830

3.60

3.80

 4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

6,060

6,300

6,540

6,780

7,020

7,270

7,530

7,790

8,050

8,310

8,570

8,830

9,090

9,740

10,440

11,140

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1904-5. It is well defined between 

gage heights - 2 feet and + 2 feet. The table has been extended above 2 feet, being based on the general 

direction of the 1904 curve.

Estimated monthly discharge ofTomhigbee River at Columbus, Miss., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 4,440 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

Maximum.

3,440

8,700

1,725

4,240

3,250

10,580

Minimum.

450

770

360

500

715

880

Mean.

1,142

3,576

868

1,578

1,369

5,738

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.257

.805

.195

.355

.308

1.29

Depth in 

inches.

0.182

.928

.218

.409

.344

1.49

July 13-31.. 

August.... 

September. 

October... 

November. 

December..

TOMBIGBEE RIVER AT EPES, ALA.

This station was established November 29, 1904, by M- R- Hall. It is located at the 

bridge of the Alabama Great Southern Railway, one-half mile from Epes, Ala. The river 

at this point is navigable.

The channel is straight for 400 feet above and 1,000 feet below the station. The current 

is swift. The right bank is a high stone bluff, clean, and not subject to overflow. The 

left bank is a high earth bank, which begins to overflow at gage height 38 feet. In floods it 

overflows for seven-eighths of a mile under the trestle. The bed of the stream is composed 

of soft blue stone, free from vegetation, and permanent. There is but one channel, broken 

by piers, until the left bank overflows. The depth of the stream is about 9 feet at low 

water.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, consisting 

of stationary span and draw span, with a trestle approach seven-eighths of a mile long at
140 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

the left bank. The initial point for soundings is the end of the draw span at the right bank, 

downstream side.

A standard chain gage is fastened to the downstream chord of the bridge, 150 feet from 

the right bank; length of the chain, 68.72 feet. A gage, graduated from 3.5 to 59 feet, 

is painted on the brick center pier. The chain gage is set to accord with the pier gage at 20 

feet, the graduations of the latter not being accurate. The bench mark is the downstream 

end of the third crossbeam from the right end of the bridge; elevation, 65.65 feet above the 

datum of the gage.

Information in regard to a station formerly maintained at this point is contained in the 

following Water-Supply Papers of the United States Geological Survey: ,

Description: 48, pp 175-176; 65, p 286. 

Discharge: 65, p 286. 

Discharge, monthly: 75, p 98. 

Gage heights: 48, p 176; 65, p 286. 

Hydrograph: 75, p 98. 

Rating table: 65, p 323.

Discharge-measurements ofTombigbee River at Epes, Ala.

Date.

1904.

1905.

May 19......... 

June 26.........

Hydrographer. j Width.

j 

Feet. 

M. R. Hall................... ....... 102

i 

J. M. Giles.......................... 576

.....do............................... 576

.....do.............................. 576

M. R. Hall.......................... 180 

W. E. Hall. ......................... 173

.....do.............................. 250

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

699

12,500

11,860

12,150

1,687 

1,587

3,630

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.39

3.57

3.45

3.51

3.05 

3.14

4.15

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.95

43.0

42.3

42.4

6.43 

5.69

15.57

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

969

44, 630

40,960

42,580

5,149 

4,976

15,070
MOBILE KIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 141

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tombigbee River at Epes, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18... ...........

19..............

20. ......'.......

21..............

22. .............

23. .............

24. .............

25. .............

26

Jan.

9.0 

8.5 

8.0 

7.5 

6.5 

6.0 

5.5 

5.5 

5.5 

7.5 

19.5 

24.0 

26.5 

27.0 

26.5 

25.9 

25.0 

24.5 

24.0 

22.0 

15.5 

13.0 

10.5 

9.5 

8.5 

fi.fi

Feb.

15.5 

15.0 

15.3 

15.7 

21.5 

26.5 

28.5 

38.3 

39.9 

41.5 

42.6 

43.6 

44.7 

45.2 

45.5 

45.6 

45.5 

45.5 

44.9 

44.2 

43.5 

42.9 

42.2 

41.5 

41.0 

40.5

27 fi. 1 40.2

28. .............

29..............

30.............

31..............

6.5 40.0 

10.0

13.5 

14.5

Mar. Apr.

39.6 ' 

37.8 

34.7 

28.5 

22.0 

14.7 

11.2 

9.2 

8.8 

14.4 

18.0 

 18.6 

18.8 

19.8 

20.6 

20.8 

18.7 

15.1 , 

12.0 

12.1 

16.3 

19.6 

22.8 

22.4 

21.5

7.2 

6.8 

6.4 

6.2 

7.8 

10.2 

11.5 

11.4 

11.1 

10.8 

11.0 

14.4 

16.7 

16.2 

15.2 

15.2 

14.0 

12.2 

10.8 

10.0 

9.2 

10.0 

10.5 

10.2 

12.2 

lfi.fi

17.2 15. n

14.6 

11.2 

9.3 

8.0 .

12.6 

11.8 

12.6

May.

16.6 

18.8 

18.8 

17.6 

16.4 

15.0 

12.7 

13.6 

16.6 

18.1 

18.1 

17.6 

17.1 

15.8 

13.5 

9.6 

7.7 

6.9 

6.6 

5.9 

5.6 

5.9 

8.4 

9.3 

7.9 

10.5

13.9

11.8 

8.2 

6.8 

6.7

June.

5.7 

5.3 

4.4 

3.6 

3.2 

2.85 

2.6 

2.35 

2.3 

2.65 

2.4 

2.05 

2.0 

2.4 

2.9 

2.1 

2.0 

3.35 

4.3 

4.2 

4.2 

3.85 

3.8 

4.2 

5.0 

5.8

6.6

6.9 

6.0 

6.2

July.

5.9 

7.8 

8.8 

8.6 

8.8 

9.2 

8.5 

7.8 

7.1 

6.1 

5.7 

7.7 

8.1 

7.0 

6.2 

' 5.0 

4.1 

3.15 

2.8 

2.5 

1.95 

1.65 

1.6 

1.7 

1.65

2.5

2.6 

2.6 

3.3 

3. 25

Aug-.

2.9 

4.0 

5.6 

4.6 

4.1 

3.7 

3.15 

3.05 

2.8 

2.85 

3.4 

8.2 

12.6 

13.1 

12.0 

10.8 

9.9 

10.6 

10.6 

10.2 

8.6 

6.9 

6.4 

6.2 

6.1

fi Q

7.6

8.8 

8.4 

7.5 

fi. 2

Sept.

4. 4 - 

3.2 

2.75 

3.0 

2.6 

2.6 

2.6 

2.8 

2.8 

2.4 

2.0 

'2.0 

2.7 

4.5 

3.25 

3.2 

3.05 

2.85 

2.5 

2.15 

1.9 

2.6 

2.6 

2.2 

2.0 

1.85

1.6 

1.5 

1.3

Oct.

1.3 

2.45 

2.4 

1.95 

4.7 

4.0 

3.5 

3.3 

3.3 

2.9 

2.8 

3.9 

4.3 

4.3 

4.2 

4.3 

6.6 

6.8 

5.9 

5.4 

4.8 

3.65 

2.8 

2.4 

2.2 

2 0

1 __S<i

2.25 

2.5 

2.7 

3 0

Nov.

O Q 6. O

2.55 

2.35 

2.25 

2.05 

1.9 

1.9 

1.8 

1.8 

1.8 

2.25 

3.85 

5.4 

5.5 

5.6 

5.6 

4.8 

4.0 

3.45 

3.1 

2.85 

2.75 

2.55 

2.5 

2.4 

2.4

' 2.25

. 2.2 

2.2 

2.2

Dec.

2.2 

2.2 

2.25 

2.35 

3.6 

4.4 

4.8 

4.9 

4.7 

4.3 

3.95 

3.65 

3.45 

3.45 

4.5 

9.8 

13.6 

13.7 

11.9 

12.3 

14.0 

15.6 

15.7 

15.4 

15.1 

14.6

13.8

13.8 

13.6 

12.7 

11.8

Station-rating table for Tombigbee River at Epes, Ala., from January 1 to December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.30 

1.40 

1.50 

1.60 

1.70 

1.80 

1.90 

2.00 

2.10 

2.20 

2.30

Discharge. ^

Second-feet. Feet. 

1, 195 2. 40 

1,250 2.50 

1,305 2.60 

1, 360 2. 70 

1,420 2.80 

1,480 2.90 

1,540 3.00 

1,600 3.10 

1, 660 3. 20 

1,725 3.30 

1,790 3.40

I Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1,855 

1,925 

1,995 

2,065 

2,140 

2,215 

2,290 

2,370 

2,450 

2,530 

2,610

hSll Di«*arge.

Feet. Second-feet. 

3. 50 2, 690 

3. 60 2, 780 

3.70 2,870 

3.80 2,960 

3.90 3,050 

4. 00 3, 140 

4. 10 3, 230 

4. 20 3, 320 

4. 30 3, 410 

4. 40 3, 500 

4.50 3,590

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.60 

4.70 

4.80 

4.90 

5.00 

5.20 

5.40 

5.60 

5.80 

6.00

Discharge.

Second-feet 

3,680 

3,775 

3,870 

3,965 

4,060 

4,250 

4,450 

4,652 

4,856 

5,060

The above table is based on seven discharge measurements made during 1904-5. It is fairly well 

defined between gage heights 1.8 feet and 15 feet. Above gage height 6 feet the rating curve is a tangent, 

the difference being 104 per tenth.
142 PTEEAM MEASUEEMENT8 IN 1905, PAET IV.

Estimated monthly discharge o/Tombigbee River at Epes, Ala., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 8,830 square miles.]

Month.

July....................................... .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

26,900 

46,240 

40,000 

16,190 

18, 370 

5,996 

8,388 

12,440 

3,590 

5,892 

4,652 

15,150

46,240

Minimum.

4,550 

14,420 

7,140 

5,268 

4,652 

1,600 

1,360 

2,140 

1,195 

1,195 

1,480 

1,725

1,195

Mean.

13,190 

37,330 

18,190 

10, 810 

11,500 

3,096 

4,313 

6,212 

2,000 

2,796 

2,358 

8,076

9,989

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.49 

4.23 

2.06 

1.22 

1.30 

.351 

.488 

.704 

.226 

.317 

.267 

.915

1.13

Depth in 

inches.

1.72 

4.40 

2.38 

1.36 

1.50 

.392 

.563 

.812 

.252 

.364 

.298 

1.05

15.09

BLACK WARRIOR RIVER NEAR CORDOVA, ALA.

This station is located at the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad bridge, 

which crosses the river below the junction of Mulberry and Sipsey forks and about threefourths mile from Cordova, Ala. The gage was established by the United States Weather 

Bureau.

The channel is curved for 500 feet above and straight for 1,000 feet below the station. 

The right bank is a rock bluff and will not overflow. The left bank overflows only under 

the second span of the bridge. The bed of the stream is of rock and is permanent. The 

channel has a width of about 180 feet at low water and about 450 feet at high stages.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the three-span railway 

bridge. The two spans across the river have a total length of 300 feet; the span on the 

left bank is 150 feet long. At low stages measurements are made from a boat or by wading at a point some distance below the bridge.

' From 12 to 55 feet the gage is a vertical timber fastened to the inside of the bridge pier 

on the left bank of the river. Below 12 feet the gage was sloping, but it was out of position and could not be used when the station was established by the United States Geological Survey, May 21, 1900, so a section reading from 1.5 feet to +12.5 feet was fastened 

to a willow tree on the right bank of the river about 200 feet below the bridge. During 

1905 this lower section of the gage was replaced by a section fastened to the rock on the 

right bank just below the bridge. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The top 

of the fourth crossbeam from the right bank, on the downstream side; elevation, 60.09 

feet. (2) A copper plug in the solid rock about 110 feet above the bridge, 50 feet from 

the initial point for soundings; elevation, 32.12 feet. (3) The top of the pier at the left 

bank; elevation, 55.10 feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 48, p 171; 83, p 156; 98, p 161; 127, pp 163-164. 

Discharge: 48, p 171; 83, p 157; 98, p 162; 127, p 164. 

Discharge, monthly: 98, p 163; 127, p 166. 

Gage heights: 48, p 172; 83, p 157; 98, p 162; 127, p 165. 

Rating table: 65, p 323; 83, p 158; 98, p 163; 127, p 166,
MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 143

Discharge measurements of Black Warrior River near Cordova, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

Februarv 14

August 9 <*....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do.........-..-...---...-....-..

.....do.............-..--...---...-..

B. S. Crane.............. -..--......

Width.

Feet. 

174

173

214

214

192

162

183 

178

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

1,378

1,257

2,867

2,849

2,037

908

572 

557

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.73

1.21

0.78

3.80

2.80

.43

.44 

.60

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.90

1.25

8.75

8.65

4.70

 .27

 .46 

 .26

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

2,389

1,516

10,850

10,830

5,700

389

252 

336

a Measured from boat one-fourth mile below Frisco bridge. 

f> Measured from boat one-fourth mile above Frisco bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Black Warrior River near Cordova, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2^... ...........

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11

12..............

1 Q

14..............

15..............

ifi 16..............'J 

17

1 S

19..............

20..............

91

22..........

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.7

1.5

1.3

.9

.3

.4

1.5

1.6

1.3

1.6

3.5

14.9

19.3

12.9

6.4

6.0

4.4

3.2

2.5

2.7

q q

2.9

2.3

2.1

2.0

1 6

1 }

1.2

1.2

3.6

5.1

Feb.

4.2

3.6

3.1

2.7

2.9

- 14.3

14.2

13.9

28.9

30.0

20.0

12.0

10.0

8.8

7.0

6.8

5.0

4.8

4.3

6.8

26.5

22.8

13.2

9.1

6.9

5.5

4.6

4.0

.......

Mar.

3.5

3

-1

2.7

2

K

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.2

16.4

10.0

6.8

5.2

4.2

3.4

2.9

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.4

4.6

5.5

4.5

3.8

3.3

2.9

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.5

Apr.

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.8

.9

1.0

.9

.7

1.1

1.3

1.0

.8

1.5

3.6

3.5

2.5

4.3

May.

5.3

4.0

3.2

9 2.77

2.3

1.9

3.8

7.7

5.3

3.9

3.1

2.4

2.9

2.6

1.8

2.3

2.5

1.8

1.3

1.0

1.0

2.2

3.7

3.9

3.9

3.0

9 5

4.1

2.5

1 9

1.4

June.

1.1

.8

.6

.4

.3

.1

.0

.0

.0

__ I

- .2

- .3

- .3

.0

.0

.0

.0

.1

.1

.1

.2

.3

3.3

3.3

July.

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.5

1.2

1.0

.6

.4

.2

1.3

.7

.5

.3

.1

- .3

- .4

- .5

- .6

- .7

- .8

- .8

- .8

+ .4

+ .9

+ .6

+ .2

- .2

.0

Aug.

+0.2

.0

- .1

- .2

__ 0

- .4

- .4

- .5

- .4

- .2

2.5

1.0

1.7

1.1

1.8

2.3

3.0

1.6

3.6

2.6

1.6

1.1

1.0

2.5

7.5

4.0

2.0

1.3

1.0

1.0

Sept.

0.8

1.8

7.0

8.2

4.0

2.3

2.6

1.0

.9

.6

.5

.5

1.0

1.5

1.0

.3

.0

.0

.0

.1

.5

.3

.0

- .1

- .3

- .3

- .35

- .35

- .35

Oct.

-0.4

- .45

- .6

- .55

- .5

- .15

.0

- .15

- .3

- .45

.6

3.6

1.9

.0

.6

1.2

2.3

1.5

1.1

,8

.6

.4

.4

.4

.7

1.0

1.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

Nov.

0.6

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.4

1.5

1.5

1.3

1.0

.9

.7

.6

.5

.4

.5

.5

.4

.5

.6

.6

.3

.3

.3

.3

.5

Dec.

0.5

.4

1.2

2.7

2.7

2.0

1.5

1.4

2.7

2.8

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.6

2.4

7.0

6.8

5.5

3.7

3.2

5.7

7.3

6.6

7.4

6.8

5.7

4.2

3.7

4.6

4.0

4.4

NOTE. These gage heights are somewhat unQertain,
144 STEEAM MEASUEEMENTS IN 1905, PAET IV.

Station rating table for Black Warrior River near Cordova, Ala., from January 1 to December

31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-1.00

- .90

- .80

- .70

- .60

- .50

- .40

- .30

- .20

- .10

0.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

28

53

80

110

145

190

250

320

400

480

 560

645

730

820

910

1,000

1,090

1,180

1,270

Gage 

height.

Feet.

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,360

1,450

1,540

1,630

1,725

1,820

1,915

2,010

2,110

2,210

2,310

2,410

2,510

2, 615

2,720

2,830

2,945

3,060

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,175

3,290

3,405

3,525

3,645

3.20 3,765

3.30 3,885

3.40 4,005

3.50

3.60

3.70

3 80

3 90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

4,130

4,260

4,390

4,520

4,650

4,780

5,040

5,300

5, 560

5,820

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

fi.80

'.'.OO

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.50

9.00

Discharge .

Second-feet.

6,080

6,340

6,600

6,870

7,150

7,430

7,710

7,990

8,270

8,550

8,830

9,110

9,390

9,670

9,950

10,230

10,930

11,650

The above table is based on discharge measurements made during 1900-1905. It is well defined to 14 

feet. Above gage height 8.8 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 150 per tenth. 

Below gage height 2.6 feet tbe table is the same as for 1964.

Estimated monthly discharge of Black Warrior River near Oordova, Ala., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,900 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

April ........................................

Motr

July.........................................

Maximum.

27, 100

43,150

22, 750

5,170

12,400

3,885

2,830

9,530

10, 510

4,260

1,915

9,390

43,150

Minimum.

820

3,175

1,915

1,090

1,450

320

80

190

285

145

820

910

80

Mean.

4,798

14,280

4,559

1,820

3,889

880

957

1,908

1,753

1,120

1,070

4,571

3,468

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.53

7.52

2.40

.958

2.05

.463

.504

1.00

.923

.589

.563

2.41

1.83

Depth in 

inches.

2.92

7.83

2.77

1.07

2.36

.517

.581

1.15

1.03

.679

.628

2.78

24.32

NOTE. See note to gage-height table, p. 143.
MOBIBL EIVER DKAINAGE BASIN. 145

BLACK WARRIOR RIVER AT TTJSCALOOSA, ALA.

A continuous record of gage heights at Tuscaloosa since 1889 has been kept by the 

United States Engineer Corps. During 1895 and 1896 a number of discharge measurements were also made, from which a rating table was obtained, and since that time measurements of flow have been made by the United States Geological Survey. The station 

is located about one-fourth mile above the Mobile and Ohio Railroad bridge. There are 

three locks and dams within a distance of 3 miles above the station.

The channel is straight for a long distance above and below the station; its width at low 

water is 280 feet and at high stages 625 feet. The current is sluggish at low stages. Both 

banks are high and steep and overflow only at extreme stages. The greater part of the bed 

is of rock and is permanent. There is but one channel, broken by the three bridge piers.

Discharge measurements are made from the iron highway bridge. The initial point 

for soundings is the end of the iron bridge on the left bank, downstream side.

A vertical iron gage is attached to the downstream side of the second pier from the left 

bank of the bridge from which discharge measurements are made. Gage heights are 

furnished by the United States Engineers.

Information in regard to this station is contained hi the following publications of the 

United States Geological Survey (Ann=Annual Report; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

Description: Ann 18, iv, pp 103-105; WS 15, p 57; 27, p 48; 36, p 156; 48, p 170; 65, p 284; 83, p 154; 98, 

pp 159-160; 127, p 167.

Discharge: Ann 18, iv, p 105; WS 15, p 57; 36, p 156; 65, p 284; 98, p 160; 127, p 168.

Discharge, monthly: Ann 18, iv, p 108; 19, iv, p 251; 20, iv, p 194; 21, iv, p 153; 22, iv, p 207; WS 75, p 96; 

83, p 156.

Discharge, yearly: Ann 20, iv, p 51.

Gage heights: WS 11, pp 37-40; 15, p 57; 27, p 56; 36, p 157; 48, p 171; 65, p 285; 83, pp 154-155; 98 p 160; 

127, p 168.

Hydrographs: Ann 18, iv, p 108; 19, iv, p 252; 20, iv, p 195; 21, iv, p 153.

Rating tables: Ann 18, iv, pp 106-107; 19, iv, p 251; WS 27, p 58; 39, p 445; 52, p 514; 65, p 323; 83, p 155

Discharge measurements of Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Ala., in 1905.

Date.

February 20 ...

June 27........

July 11........

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ..........................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

W. E. Hall..........................

Width.

Feet. 

454

507

495

484

250

251

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

9,872

19, 320

16,660

13,440

1,807

1,860

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1.37

3.15

1.52

1.26

1.06

1.35

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

25.45

44.75

39.55

33.00

6.85

7.15

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

13, 500

60,930

25,340

16,880

1,909

2, 516

IKK 168-
146 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

1... ...........

2... ...........

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7....... .......

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31............ .

Jan.

12.1

10.11

9.55

8.4

7.9

7.75

7.65

8.6

9.25

9.1

10.05

20.8

45.6

46.07

40.2

33.51

27.6

23.31

16.4

15.1

14.02

12.7

11.65

11.2

10.1

9.7

9 1

12.15

19.1

Feb.

19.2

17.1

15.1

13.75

13.15

31.8

40.4

40.0

55.35

56.9

54.45

48.98

44.75

42.98

39.35

35.25

31.59

28.68

25.0

47.65

45.2

39.9

34.9

30.5

27.05

Mar.

21.4

18.59

15.8

13.5

12.0

11.3

10.65

10.35

10.4

27.12

23.6

19.3

16.21

13.85

12.45

11.42

10.82

10.15

14.5

21.05

16.2

14.35

13.35

12 03

11.2

10.53

Apr.

9.41

8.95

8.68

8.4

8.5

8.75

8.95

15.5

13.2

11.1

9.85-

9.3

9.0 8."5

8.6

8.6

8.4

7.85

7.65

7.72

8.32

8.15

9.13

10.88

13 4

13.81

13.25

May.

15.75

16.5

15.02

13.3

11.85

10.68

10.4

12.35

18.0

16.8

14.35

12.35

10.81

10.11

9.8

9.7

9.91

10.02

9 8

9.2

9 95

13.15

15.82

14.6

14.51

20.2

16.0

12.51

10.5

June.

9.15

8.95

8.2

7.05

6.58

6.25

5.95

5.8

5.65

5.1

5.08

5.06

5.04

5.0

5.4

5.35

5.4

6.35

7.4

6.4

6.11

5.75

5.85

7.25

6.9

7.28

6.98

6.7

7.8

14.45

July.

15.35

12.8

12.25

10.75

8.75

7.53

7.25

7.15

7.35

7.0

7.02

9.5

12.25

11.75

9.6

8.0

6.9

6.25

5.9

5.6

5.41

5.25

5.1

5.25

«.42

9.35

8.75

7.4

6.58

6.22

6.17

Aug.

6.25

6.35

6.55

6.2

5.85

5.62

5.45

5.55

5.25

5.2

6.35

6.9

9.45

10.65

9.8

9.65

9.25

11.25

11.0

10.15

13.3

16.85

9.7

8.75

8.5

15.55

23.0

17.4

9.65

8.1

Sept.

7.6

6.7

8.75

15.3

18.05

14.0

10.7

8.75

7.65

6.95

6.45

6.2

6.2

6.45

6.65

6.6

6.2

5.8

5.55

5.4

5.3

5.25

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.15

5

0

A nt:

4.9

Oct.

5.0

4.9

4.9

5.0

4.95

4.92

5.2

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.42

5.65

8.4

8.25

7.35

6.75

6.65

7.7

7.2

6.23

5.9

5.72

5.6

5.6

5.9

7.0

6.75

6.45

Nov.

6.15

5.92

5.8

5.7

5.5

5.45

5.35

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.75

6.78

7.0

6.72

6.4

6.22

6.03

5.9

5.82

5.6

6.0

5.9

5.72

5.6

5.61

5.7

5.8

Dec.

5.72

5.9

6.55

7.65

9.7

10.45

9.55

8.8

8.35

9.1

10.15

10.0

9.35

8.9

9.1

10.8

 16.1

16.2

14.5

13.12

13.02

17.8

21.15

, 20.9

22.6

20.6

17.6

15.35

15.15

15.15

16.7

CLEAR CREEK 1STEAR ELK, ALA.

This station was established June 22, 1904, by M. E. Hall. It is located at the wagon 

bridge 1 mile south of Elk and 15 miles north of Jasper, on the road to Houston. The 

bridge is about one-fourth mile above Clear Creek Falls and 2 miles above the junction 

of Clear Creek with Sipsey Fork of Black Warrior Eiver. This station is maintained in 

cooperation with the Alabama Geological Survey, by which the gage reader is paid.

The channel is straight for about 400 feet above and 500 feet below the station. The 

current above the station is rather sluggish at low stages; below, it is swift and broken. 

The right bank is low, wooded, and is liable to overflow, but all the water passes under 

the bridge and trestle. The left bank is high, rocky, clean, and is not subject to overflow. 

The bed of the stream is composed of rock and clean sand and is permanent. There is 

one channel at all stages.

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the bridge. This is an 

iron bridge, having a single span of 100 feet and a 49-foot trestle approach on the right 

bank. The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge at the left bank, on the 

upstream side. At very low water the current is too sluggish for measurement at the 

bridge, but measurements are made by wading at the falls below.

The gage is a vertical timber fastened to the right side of the right-bank stone pier 

under the upstream side of the bridge. It is read once each day by J. S. Gossett. Bench 

marks were established as follows: (1) The top of the outer, upstream eyebar, at a point
MOBILE EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 147

35 feet from the initial point for soundings; elevation, 17.10 feet. (2) A copper plug set 

in rock on the left bank about 15 feet upstream from the end of the bridge; elevation, 17.04 

feet. Elevations refer to the datum of the gage.

A description of this station and gage-height and discharge data are contained in WaterSupply Paper of the United States Geological Survey No. 127, pp. 169-170.

Discharge measurements of Clear Creek near Elk, Ala., in 1905.

Date. Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

96

96

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

109

109

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

0.98

.95

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.97

.95

Discharge. 

Secondfeet.

106

104

Daily gage height, in feet, of Clear Creek near Elk, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

2..............

3..-..-.-......

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22.............. 

23..............

24..............

25.............. 

26..............

27. ...'..........

28..............

29..............

30..............

31.... .........

Jan.

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.6

3 1

2.3

18

1.3

1 9

1 9

1.2 

1.1

1.1

1.0

9

1.0

1.5

1.4

Feb.

1.3

1.5

2.7

3.8

4.6

2.5

2.1

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

E 9

Q >

2.3 

9 n

1.8

1.7 

1.6

1.5

1.4

Mar.

1 3

1 9

*9

.1

1.0

Q 0

3.0

9 A

1 O

1.5

1.4

1.4

1 3

1 9

1.3

1.3

1.8

1.6 

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

Apr.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1 1

1«P

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.8

May.

1.4

1 3

1.2

1.5

1.4

1 3

1 9

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2 

1.1

1 2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

June.

1.0

9

Q

9

9

9

9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

9

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.0

9

9

.9

9

.9 

9

9

9

.9

.9

July.

1.1

9

.9

.9

1.0

9

.9

1.3

1.1

9

9

.9

9

- .8

.8

.8

.8

.7

9

1.7 

1.2

1.0

9

.9

.9

.9

Aug.

0 9

o

9

.8

.8

.8

-8

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

9

1.0 

1.0

1.0

9

.9

.9

. .9

Sept.

0.8

1.9

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

9

* 9

.9

1.0

1.0

.9

9

9

.8

.8

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

Oct.

0.8

.8

.9

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

1.1

1.8

1.3

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

Nov.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

9

1.4

1.3

1 9

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

9

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Dec.

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.8

1.7

1 f»

1.4

1.8

1.6 

1 9

1.9

1.6 

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3
148 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Clear Creek, near Elk, Ala., from June 23, 1904, to December 31,1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.60

.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

12

24

Ga.ge 

height.

Feet.

0.80

.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

44

76

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

128

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

188

The above table is based on seven discharge measurements made during 1904-5. It is fairly well 

defined. The above table covers the low-water period. As no high-water measurements have been 

made, the monthly estimates have not been made.

LOCUST FORK OF BLACK WARRIOR RIVER AT PALOS, ALA.

Locust Fork of Black Warrior River rises in Blount County, Ala., and, flowing in a southwesterly course, enters Black Warrior River a short distance above Wilmington, Ala; Its 

drainage basin is hilly, and only a small part of its area is in cultivation. The Palos station 

was established November 26, 1901, by the United States Engineer Corps, who furnish the 

daily gage heights to the United States Geological Survey.

The channel is curved for 1,500 feet above the station and is straight for 3,000 feet below. 

At low water the channel is 180 feet wide. There is a ledge of rock about 200 feet below 

the station, with about 3 feet fall. Both banks are high and wooded. The right bank 

overflows at flood stages, but only under the approach to the bridge. The bed is mainly 

of rock and is permanent.

Discharge measurements are made from the mining railroad bridge of the Drennan Coal 

Mining Company, about one-fourth mile below the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad bridge. The bridge has two iron spans of 100 feet each and trestle approaches 

at both ends. Low-water measurements are made by wading, at a shoal one-third mile 

below the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the left-bank end of the iron bridge 

on the downstream side.

The gage is situated on the right bank of the river, just below the Kansas City, Memphis 

and Birmingham Railroad bridge. It is in two sections, the lower or inclined section reading from 0 to 17 feet vertically, and the upper or vertical section reading from 17 to 32 feet. 

The datum of the gage (251.71 feet above Mobile datum) is supposed to be extreme low 

water. High water, April, 1900, was about 37 feet. Bench marks were established as 

follows: (1) The top of the crossbeam at a point 80 feet from the left end of the bridge 

on the downstream side; elevation, 46.70 feet. (2) A copper plug in a water-oak tree on 

the right bank, 20 feet downstream from the gage; elevation, 21.68 feet. Elevations refer 

to the datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey:

Description: 83, p 159; 98, p 164; 127, pp 171-172. 

Discharge: 83, p 159; 98, p 165; 127, p 172. 

Discharge, monthly: 83, p 161; 98, p 166; 127, p 174. 

Gage heights: 83, p 160; 98, p 165; 127, p 173. 

Rating table: 83, p 160; 98, p 166; 127, p 173.
MOBILE TCIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 149

Discharge measurements of Locust Fork of Black Warrior River at Polos, Ala., in 1905.

Date. Hydrographer.

J.M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

B. S. Drane.........................

.....do...............................

Width.

Feet. 

175

157

151

155

155

127

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

570

1,507

943

351

363

280

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

3.87

1.64

.51

.83

.84

.46

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.02

1.98

.72

.50

.50

.30

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

2,205

2,465

484

291

304

129

a Measured at Frisco Railroad bridge. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Locust Fork of Black Warrior River at Polos, Ala., for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

S,... ...........

6..............

T.. ............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

13..............

14. .............

15. .............

16..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

1\. .............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

26. .............

27..............

28. .............

29. .............

30. ............ .

31..............

Jan.

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.8

1.1

1.1

1.6

5.2

12.1

7.2

4.1

2.6

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.9

.9

1.8

1.9

Feb.

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.4

6.9

5.8

20.9

19.0

10.1

5.0

. 5.0

4.9

4.2

3.5

2.9

2.6

2.0

3.5

8.3

7.4

4.9

3.5

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.0

Mar.

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

2.4

2.8

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

Apr.

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.9

1.0

1.Q

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.9

1.0

.9

.8

.9

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.2

May.

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.8

1.5

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.6

2.5

2.0

1.6

1.3

1.4

1.8

2.4

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.7

2.1

1.7

1.4

1.2

June.

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.7

.6

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.5

.7

1.5

1.1

.9

.8

.7

.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.0

1.3

1.4

4.3

3.1

July.

2.0

1.8

2.0

1.4

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

1.7

3.3

2.5

1.7

1.3

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.8

.7

.5

.4

.8

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

1.0

Aug.

0.7

.7

.7

.6

.5

-4

.3

.2

.5

.5

.6

1.0

1.5

1.0

1.7

1.5

1.1

1.0

1.0

2.0

1.0

.9

1.0

3.2

. 4.4

2.1

1.3

1.2

1.1

.9

Sept.

0.7.'9

1.4

1.8

1.4

1.0

9

.5

.6

.6

.5

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

2

.2

.2

Oct.

0.2

.2

.2

.4

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.8

.7

.6

.7

.8

.9

.9

.8

.8

7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.6

.5

.5

Nov.

0.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.5

.7

.8

.9

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6^

.6

.7

.8

.8

Dec.

0.8

.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

1 9

1.8

2.1

1.7

1.3

1.7

1.9

1.6

1.3

1.4

2.5

3.7

3.3

3.0

2.5

2.2

l.t

1.7

2.1

1.7
150 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Locust Fork of Black Warrior River at Polos, Ala., from January 1,

1904, to December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.00 

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

34 

67

110

165

230

305

390

480

580

690

810

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.10 

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

935 

1,070

1,210

1,360

1,515

1,680

1,850

2,020

2,190

2,360

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10 

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,530 

2,710

2,890

3,070

3,250

3,430

3,610

3,800

3,990

4,180

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20 

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

4,560 

4,940

5,320

5,700

6,100

6,500

6,900

7,300

7,700

8,100

The above table is based on 21 discharge measurements made during 1902-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 0.1 foot and 5 feet. Above gage height 5 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the 

difference being 200 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Locust Fork of Black Warrior River at Polos, Ala., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 1,020 square miles.]

Month.

May. ............................... .........

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

22,300 

39,900 

3,800 

1,070 

3,610 

6,700 

4,750 

6,900 

2,020 

690 

690 

5,510

39,900

Minimum.

580 

1,210 

690 

480 

810 

230 

230 

110 

110 

110 

230 

580

110

Mean.

2,767 

8,381 

1,417 

707 

1,686 

1,049 

1,089 

1,143 

459 

463 

383 

2,145

1,807

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.71 

8.22 

1.39 

.693 

1.65 

1.03 

1.07 

1,12 

.450 

.454 

.375 

2.10

1.77

Depth in 

inches.

3.12 

8.56 

1.60 

.773 

1.90 

1.15 

1.23 

1.29 

.502 

.523 

.418 

2.42

23.49

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS I

BASIN.

MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements made in Mobile River 

drainage basin during 1905:

Big Sandy Creek near Dadevitte, Ala. A measurement was made June 7, 1905, from the 

upstream side of Hall's wagon bridge, near Dadeville, Ala. The bench mark is the top of 

the outside wooden stringer on the upstream side of the bridge at the first vertical post 

from the left-bank pier; elevation, 26.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 73 feet; area, 127 square feet; mean velocity, 0.34 foot per second; gage height, 1.65 feet; discharge, 44 second-feet.

Big Wills Creek near Attalla, Ala. A measurement was made July 28, 1905, from the 

downstream side of Ray's bridge, about 2J miles from Attalla, Ala. The bench mark is 

the top of the downstream end of the second-floor beam from the right end of the second
MOBILE AND PEARL RIVER BASINS 151

span from the right-bank end of the bridge; elevation, 25.00 feet above the datum of 

the assumed gage.

Width, 30 feet; area, 73 square feet; mean velocity, 1.49 feet per second; gage height, 3.77 feet; discharge, 109 second-feet.

Black Water Creek near Jasper, Ala. A discharge measurement was made January 28,1905, 

from the upstream side of a single-span iron highway bridge, 100 yards below the dam at 

Camack's mill, 6 miles north of Jasper" Ala. The initial point for soundings is the end of 

the bridge at the right-bank upstream side. The bench mark is the top of the upstream 

eyebar, 49 feet from the right-bank end of the bridge; elevation, 20.00 feet above the datum 

of the assumed gage.

Width, 68 feet; area, 83 square feet; mean velocity, |1.18 [feet per second; gage height, 1.8 feet; discharge, 98 second-feet.

Buck Creek near Helena, Ala. A measurement was made April 3, 1905, from the footbridge and log across Buck Creek at point opposite Helena, Ala. The bench mark is the 

top of tie or base of rail at second crossbeam from the left bank at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge; elevation, 22.00 feet above the datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 73 feet; area, 70 square feet; mean velocity, 1.00 foot per second; gage height, 1.75 feet; discharge, 69 second-feet.

Cahaba River near Tacoa, Ala. Two measurements were made April 3,1905, near Tacoa, 

Ala. The bench mark is the base of rail on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge 

over the third crossbeam from the center pier; elevation, 49.00 feet above the datum of the 

assumed gage.

At section 500 feet above Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge: Width, 64 feet; area, 268 square 

feet; mean velocity, 0.62 foot per second; gage height, 4.65 feet; discharge, 167 second feet.

At section 1,000 feet below mouth of Buck Creek: Width, 116 feet; area, 146 square feet; mean velocity, 

1.55 feet per second; gage height, 4.65 feet; discharge, 227 second-feet.

Cedar Creek near Cavespring, Ga. This stream enters Coosa River about 6 miles northwest of Cavespring, Ga. A measurement was made July 25, 1905, from the upstream side 

of a single-span steel bridge 2J miles northwest of Cavespring and one-fourth mile above 

the Southern Railway bridge. The bench mark is the top of the upstream end of the second 

iron floor beam from the right end of the bridge; elevation, 17.00 feet above the datum of 

the assumed gage.

Width, 68 feet; area, 186 square feet; mean velocity, 0.42 foot per second; gage height, 3.13 feet; discharge, 77 second-feet.

Hillabee Creek near Alexander City, Ala. A regular station was formerly maintained at a 

wooden wagon bridge 6J miles northeast of Alexander City, Ala., on the road leading to 

Newsite. The old gage is still in place. A measurement was made June 9, 1905.

Width, 135 feet; area, 194 square feet; mean velocity, 0.62 foot per second; gage height, 1.15 feet, discharge, 120 second-feet.

Luxapelila Greek at Columbus, Miss. This stream enters Tombigbee River at Columbus, 

Miss. A measurement was made November 24, 1905, from the downstream side of the 

Mobile and Ohio Railroad bridge. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of 

the first floor beam from the right end of the steel truss; elevation, 35.00 feet above the 

datum of the assumed gage.

Width, 110 feet; area, 710 square feet; mean velocity, 0.33 foot per second; gage height, 3.92 feet; discharge, 234 second-feet.

PEARL RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Pearl River rises in the eastern part of Mississippi. It flows south into Lake Borgne, an 

arm of the Gulf of Mexico, forming part of the boundary between Louisiana and Mississippi. 

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this drainage during 1905:
152 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

PEARL RIVER AT JACKSON, MISS.

This station was established June 24, 1901, by K. T. Thomas. It is located at a highway 

bridge, 2 miles from the union station at Jackson, Miss., one-eighth mile above the Alabama 

and Vicksburg Railroad, and two blocks east from the end of the South State, street car line.

The channel makes a 90° curve about 200 feet above the bridge. It is nearly straight for 

about one-fourth mile below the bridge. The right bank is high and rocky and does not 

overflow. The left bank is of cleared ground and overflows at about 20 feet gage height. 

The width of the stream at low stages is about 130 feet and at flood stages about 900 feet. 

The bed is of sand and gravel and is shifting. The current velocity is moderate, but is not 

well distributed, and is broken by an old pier and some short piles under the bridge.

Discharge measurements are made from the single-span highway bridge and from an 

approach of 680 feet of iron trestle on the left bank. The initial point for soundings is the 

end of the bridge on the right bank. At low stages the discharge can be measured by 

wading about one-fourth mile above the bridge

-The original chain gage was fastened to the downstream side of the bridge at a point 130 

feet from the initial point for soundings. On July 14, 1905, this was superseded by a standard chain gage, fastened to the downstream lower chord of the bridge, in the fifth panel 

from the right-bank end of the main span; length of chain, 42.08 feet. The datum of this 

gage is the same as that of the original gage; the bottom of the gage box at the pulley is 40.08 

feet above the datum of the gage. Bench marks were established as follows: (1) The 

downstream end of the top of the iron floor beam, 120 feet from the right-bank end of the 

bridge; elevation, 39.00 feet. The elevation of the bridge floor at this point is 40.15 feet. 

(2) A cross marked on the top of the downstream tubular pier at the right bank; elevation, 

38.88 feet. (3) The top of the upstream latticed iron post supporting the right end of the 

bridge; elevation, 39.11 feet. (4) The head of a small bolt driven vertically into the base 

of an ash tree on the sidewalk on South Jefferson street, about 130 feet from north corner of 

Silas Brown street; elevation, 52.74 feet. Elevations refer to datum of the gage.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the following Water-Supply Papers 

of the United States Geological Survey as follows:

Description: 65, p 286; 83, p 164; 98, p 170; 127, pp 177-178. 

Discharge: 65, p 286; 83, p 165; 98, p 171; 127, p 178. 

Discharge, monthly: 98, p 172; 127, p 180. 

Gage heights: 65, p 287; 83, p 165; 98, p 171; 127, p 179. 

Rating table: 98, p 172; 127, p 179.

Discharge measurements of Pearl River at Jackson, Miss., in 1905.

Date.

February 17...

June 24........

July 14........

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles..........................

.....do..............................

W. E. Hall.........................

.....do..............................

Width.

Feet. 

1,272

1,272

113

117

Area of 

section.

Square 

feet.

14,750

473

503

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per 

second.

1 69

1.68

1.21

1.25

Gage 

height.

Feet.

29.15

2.50

2.50

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

24,690

574

630
PEARL RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 153

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pearl River at Jackson, Miss., for 1905.

Day.

1..............

2.............

3..............

7..............

9..............

10. .............

11.............. 

12..............

14. .............

15. .............

16..............

IS..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Jan.

3.1

3.6

3.1

2.9

2.9

2 9

2.9

6.6

f.3

7.0

7.0

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.1

6.6

6.1

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.1

5.2

5.2

7.5

6.8

Feb.

7.0

6.4

6.0

6 9

9.2

14.7

15.8

19.1

22.3

24.1

25.0

26.9

27.7

28.6

29.0

29.2

28.9

28.6

28.8

28.7

28.2

27.5

26.6

25.7

24.6

23.6

22.7

Mar.

21.3

20.1

18.8

17 9

12.1

10.5

9.7

8.8

9.0

8.7

8

e

8.2

8.1

8.0

7 9

7.6

10.2

10.5

13.5

14.8

16.8

17.4

17.9

17.9

17.3

16.5

15.9

15.5

14.3

Apr.

13.0

11.4

10.6

n

o

12.1

11.4

11.0

11.7

14.7

15.7

15.8

14.8

14.8

14.7

14.4

14.1

13.8

13.1

12.4

11.7

13.9

16.5

17.2

17.6

17.7

17.9

May.

18.6

18.5

18.0

1 7 C

13.8

10.8

10.0 

9.5

Q 3

9.6

11.7

12.6

11.7

11.6

9.2

8.2

11.1

12.2

12.5

12.8

12.0

10.1

8.2

7.3

6.5

June.

5.7

5.2

5.0

4.2

Q 7

3.4

3.1

2.8

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.7

2.7

3.0

3.2

3.5

4.5

5.1

July.

5.1

4 9

4.8

4.7

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.8

9 7

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.6

2.7

2.0

2.5

2.4

2.1

1.8

Aug.

1.8

1.9

1,7

3.0

3'.4

3.0

2.4

2.3

2.2 

2.3

2.5

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.8

4.1

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

5.3

5.7

5.8

Sept.

5.7

5.2

4.2

3 9

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

, 1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

Oct.

3.7

3.5

2.7

3.7

4.5

3.2

3.2

2.0

2.2

3.0 

4.4

4.8

4.2

5.2

5.5

5.3

5.2

4.7

4.1

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.6

Nov.

2.5

2.4

2.3

3.5

3.4

3.5

2.9

3.8

4.5 

4.2

3.9

3.3

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1,8

Dec.

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1 

2.1

2.2

4.4

7.3

6.6

5.7

5.9

6.1

6.6

7.5

8.2

7.9

7.4

7.1

6.8

6.6

6.3

6.0

6.4
154 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1905, PART IV.

Station rating table for Pearl River at Jackson, Miss., from January 1 to December 31, 1905.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

80

88

97

108

120

133

147

162

178

196

216

238

262

288

316

345

375

407

440

475

511

548

587

627

668

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

 3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

710

753

797

842

888

935

982

1,030

1,078

1,126

1,174

1, 223

1,272

1,321

1,370

1,420

1,470

1,520

1,570

1,620

1,670

1,720

1,770

1,870

1,980

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20 ,

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.50

10.00

10.50

11.00

11.50

12.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,090

2,200

2,310

2,420

2,530

2,640

2,750

2,860

2,970

3,080

3,195

3,315

3,435

3,555

3,675

3,795

3,915

4,035

4,335

4,635

4,960

5,285

5,610

5,935

Gage 

height.

Feet.

12.50

13.00

13.50

14.00

14.50

15.00

15.50

16.00

16.50

17.00

17.50

18.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

6,260

6,600

6,950

7,300

7,650

8,000

8,350

8,700

9,100

9,500

9,900

10,300

19. 00 11, 100

20.00 12,000

21.00 12,900

22.00 13,900

23.00

24.00

25.00

26.00

27.00

28.00

29.00

30.00

15,000

16,200

17,500

. 19,000

20,700

22,600

24,500

26,400

The above table is based on 18 discharge measurements made during 1901-1905. It is well defined 

between gage heights 0.3 foot and 8.3 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits, being 

based on one measurement at 24 feet and two at 29 feet. Below 10 feet the table is the same as for 1904.

Estimated monthly discharge of Pearl River at Jackson, Miss., for 1905. 

[Drainage area, 3,120 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,135 

24,880 

13,200 

10,220 

10,780 

2,145 

1,820 

2,200 

2,145 

2,035 

1,520 

3,555

24,880

Minimum.

753 

2,310 

3,195 

5,025 

2,585 

407 

345 

316 

178 

407 

345 

316

178

Mean.

1,963 

16,100 

7,005 

7,236 

5,959 

894 

769 

1,126- 

549 

1,189 

741 

1,694

3,769

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.629 

5.16 

2.25 

2.32 

1.91 

.287 

.246 

.361 

.176 

.381 

.238 

.543

1.21

Depth in 

inches.

.725 

5.37 

2.59 

2.59 

2.20 

.320 

.284 

.416 

.196 

.439 

.266 

.626

16.02
INDEX.

A. Page.

Acknowledgments and cooperation........ 18

Acre-foot, definition of..................... 10

Alabama River at 

Selma, Ala.:

description....................... 109-110

discharge........................... 110

discharge, monthly................. 112

gage heights........................ Ill

rating table........................ 112

Albany, Ga.

Blue Spring near:

description......................... 99

discharge........................... 99

Flint River at:

description......................... 94

discharge........................... 95

discharge, monthly................. 96

gage heights........................ 95

rating table........................ 96

Alcovy River near 

Stewart, Ga.:

description......................... 61

discharge........................... 61

discharge, monthly................. 62

gage heights........................ 62

rating table........................ 62

Alexander City, Ala. 

Hillabee Creek near:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Alston, S. C.

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at:

description......................... 28

discharge........................... 28

discharge, monthly................. 30

gage heights........................ 29

rating table........................ 29

Altamaha River basin:

description of.......................... 55

miscellaneous measurements in........ 78-79

Amicalola River near 

Ballground, Ga.:

description......................... 118

discharge........................... 118

Anniestown, Ga. 

Jacks Creek at:

description......................... 78

discharge........................... 78

Apalachee River near 

Buckhead, Ga.:

description......................... 63

discharge........................... 64

discharge, monthly................. 65

gage heights........................ 64

rating table........................ 65

Apalachicola River basin:

description of.......................... 79-80

miscellaneous measurements in....... 99-101

Attalla, Ala.

Big Wills Creek near:

description....................... 150-151

discharge........................... 151

Augusta, Ga.

Savannah River at:

description......................... 41-42

discharge........................... 42

discharge, monthly................. 44

gage heights........................ 43

rating table..... .................. 44

Austell, Ga. , Sweet water Creek near:

description.......................

discharge.........................

gage heights......................

B.

Ballground, Ga.

Amicalola River near:

description......................... 118

discharge........................... 118

Etowah River near:

description......................... 113

discharge........................... 113

Long Swamp Creek near:

description.................:....... 118

discharge........................... 118

Beck, Ala.

Conecuh River at:

description....................:.. 106-107

discharge........................... 107

discharge, monthly.................. 109

gage heights........................ 108

rating table........................ 108

Big Cedar Creek near 

Cavespring, Ga.:

description............. A.......... 129

discharge........................... 129

Big Potato Creek near 

Thomaston, Ga.:

description......................... 97

discharge........................... 97

Big Sandy Creek near 

Dadeville, Ala.:

description......................... 150

discharge........................... 150

Big Wills Creek near 

Attalla, Ala.:

description....................... 150-151

........................ 151

155
156 INDEX.

Page. 

Black Warrior River at and near 

Cordova, Ala.:

description......................... 142

discharge........................... 143

discharge, monthly................. 144

gage heights........................ 143

rating table........................ 144

Tuscaloosa, Ala.:

description......................... 145

discharge........................... 145

gage heights........................ 14G

Black Warrior River (Locust Fork) at 

Palos, Ala.:

description......................... 148

discharge........................... 149

discharge, monthly................. 150

gage heights........................ 149

rating table........................ 150

Black Water Creek near 

Jasper, Ala.:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Blue Spring near 

Albany, Ga.:

description......................... 99

discharge........................... 99

Brazzell Creek near 

Reidsville, Ga.:

description......................... 78

discharge........................... 78

Bridge water, N. C.

Muddy Creek near:

description......................... 34

discharge........................... 34

Broad River (of Georgia) near 

Carlton, Ga.:

description......................... 48

discharge........................... 48

discharge, monthly................. 50

gage heights........................ 49

rating table........................ 50

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at 

Alston, 8. C.:

description......................... 28

discharge........................... 28

discharge, monthly................. 30

gage heights........................ 29

rating table........................ 29

Buck Creek near 

Helena, Ala.:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Montezuma, Ga.:

description......................... 99

discharge........................... 99

Buckhead, Ga.

Apalachee River near:

description......................... 63

discharge........................... 64

discharge, monthly................. 65

gage heights........................ 64,

rating table........................ 65

C. Page.

Cable station, figure showing............ 13

Cahaba River at and near 

Centerville, Ala.:

description....................... 134-135

discharge........................... 135

discharge, monthly................ 137

gage heights........................ 136

rating table........................ 136

Tacoa, Ala.:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Camden, S. C.

Wateree River near:

description......................... 25

discharge........................... 25

discharge, monthly................. 27

gage heights........................ 26

rating table........................ 27

Cannoochee River near 

Groveland, Ga.:

description......................... 51-52

discharge........................... 52

discharge, monthly................. 54

gage heights........................ 53

rating table........................ 54

Canton, Ga.

Etowah River at:

description....................... 113-114

discharge........................... 114

gage heights........................ 115

Carlton, Ga.

Broad River (of Georgia) near:

description......................... 48

discharge........................... 48

discharge, monthly................. 50

gage heights........................ 49

rating table........................ 50

Cartecay, Ga.

Cartecay Biver near:

description......................... 126

discharge........................... 126

gage heights........................ 127

rating table........................ 127

Cartecay River near 

Cartecay, Ga.:

description......................... 126

discharge........................... 126

gage heights........................ 127

rating table........................ 127

Carters, Ga.

Coosawattee River at:

description......................... 124

discharge........................... 124

discharge, monthly................. 126

gage heights........................ 125

rating table........................ 125

Talking Rock Creek near:

description......................... 129

discharge........................... 129
INDEX. 157

Catawba, S. C.

Catawba River near: 

description.......

discharge.........

Catawba River near 

Catawba, S. C.:

description......................... 20

discharge........................... 21

gage heights........................ 21

Morganton, N. C.:

description......................... 21-22

discharge........................... 22

discharge, monthly................. 24

gage heights........................ 23

rating table........................ 23

Cavespring, Ga.

Big Cedar Creek near:

description......................... 129

discharge........................... 129

Cedar Creek near:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Cedar Creek nearCaves pring, Ga.:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Centerville, Ala.

Cahaba River at:

description..-..-.....-..-.....-.. 134-135

discharge........................... 135

discharge, monthly................. 137

gage heights........................ 136

rating table........................ 136

Chaflee, F. P., acknowledgment to......... 18

Chappells, S. C.

Saluda River at:

description......................... 34

discharge........................... 34

Chattahoochee River at and near 

Columbus, Ga.:

description......................... 100

discharge.....-.....-.--..-.....---. 100

Norcross, Ga.:

description......................... 80

discharge........................... 81

discharge, monthly................. 82

gage heights........................ 81

rating table........................ 82

Oakdale (lower gage), Ga.:

description......................... 83

discharge........................... 84

Vinings, Ga.:

description......................... 82-83

discharge........................... 83

West Point, Ga.:

description......................... 84

discharge........................... 85

discharge, monthly................. 86

gage heights........................ 85

rating table........................ 86

Chattooga River near 

Tallulah Falls, Ga.:

description......................... 50-51

discharge.......................... 51

Chauga River near 

Madison, S. C.:

description......................... 44-45

discharge......................... 45

Chickasawhachee Creek near 

Newton, Ga.:

description......................... 100

discharge........................... 100

Choccolocco Creek near 

Jenifer, Ala.:

description......................... 130

discharge........................... 130

discharge, monthly................. 132

gage heights........................ 131

rating table........................ 131

Choctawhatchee River near 

Elba Junction, Ala.:

description......................... 106

discharge........................... 106

Geneva, Ala.:

description......................... 102

discharge........................... 102

Choctawhatchee River basin:

description of.......................... 102

miscellaneous measurements in........ 106

Clear Creek near 

Elk, Ala.:

description....................... 146-147

discharge........................... 147

gage heights........................ 147

rating table........................ 148

Clemson College, S. C.

Seneca River near:

description......................... 45

discharge........................... 46

discharge, monthly................. 47

gage heights........................ 46

rating table........................ 47

Columbia, S. C.

Saluda River at:

description......................... 34

discharge........................... 34

Columbus, Ga.

Chattahoochee River near:

description......................... 100

discharge........................... 100

Mulberry Creek near:

description ......................... 90

discharge........................... 90

Columbus, Miss.

Luxapelila Creek at:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Tombigbee River at:

description....................... 137-138

discharge........................... 138

discharge, monthly................ 139

gage heights........................ 138

rating table........................ 139

Computation, methods of.................. 12-18

rules for................................ 10-11

 Conecuh River at 

Beck, Ala.:

description....................... 106-107

discharge........................... 107
158 INDEX.

Conecuh River at Continued. 

Beck, Ala. Continued.

discharge, monthly.........

gage heights................

rating table................

Coolawahee Creek near 

Newton, Ga.:

description.................

discharge...................

Cooperation and acknowledgments. 

Coosa River at 

Riverside, Ala.:

description.................

discharge...................

discharge, monthly.........

gage heights................

rating table................

Coosawattee River at 

Carters, Ga.:

description.................

discharge...................

discharge, monthly.........

gage heights................

rating table................

Cordova, Ala.

Black Warrior River near:

description.................

discharge...................

discharge, monthly.........

rating table........................

Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, acknowledgment to.....................

Current meters, classes of..................

methods of using.......................

D. 

Dadeville, Ala.

Big Sandy Creek near:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Demorest, Ga.

Hazel Creek near:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Soque River near:

description.........................

discharge...........................

discharge, monthly.................

gage heights........................

rating table........................

Discharge, methods of measuring and computing ..........................

Double Bridges Creek at 

Geneva, Ala.:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Drainage basins, list of....................

Drane, B. S., acknowledgment to..........

Dublin, Ga.

Oconee River at:

description.........................

discharge...........................

discharge, monthly.................

gage heights........................

rating table........................

109

100

100

18

119

119

121

120

120

124

124

126

125

125

142

143

144

143

144

18

14

14-15

150

150

100

100

86-87 

87

87

12-18

103

103

8-9

18

71-72 

72 

74

73

74

E. 

Elba, Ala.

Pea River at:

description......................... 106

discharge........................... 106

Whitewater River near:

description......................... 106

discharge........................... 106

Elba Junction, Ala.

Choctawhatchee River near:

description......................... 106

discharge........................... 106

Elk, Ala.

Clear Creek near:

description....................... 147-147

discharge........................... 147

gage heights........................ 147

rating table........................ 148

Elkins Creek near 

Thunder, Ga.:

description......................... 100

discharge........................... 100

Ellijay, Ga.

Ellijay River at 

description....................... 127-128

discharge........................... 128

Mountaintown Creek near:

description......................... 128

discharge........................... 128

Ellijay River at 

Ellijay, Ga.:

description....................... 127-128

........................ 128

Epes, Ala.

Tombigbee River at:

description....................... 139-140

discharge........................... 140

discharge, monthly................. 142

gage heights........................ 141

rating table........................ 141

Equivalents, table of....................... 11-12

Escarnbia River basin:

description of.......................... 106

Etowah River at and near 

Ballground, Ga.:

description......................... 113

discharge........................... 113

Canton, Ga.:

description....................... 113-114

discharge........................... 114

gage-heights........................ 115

Rome, Ga.:

description....................... 115-116

discharge........................... 116

gage heights........................ 117

rating table........................ 117

F.

Fisher, D., acknowledgment to. 

Flat Rock, N. C.

Green River near:

description.............

discharge...............

18

30

30
INDEX. 159

Flint River at and near 

Albany, Ga.:

description.........

discharge...........

discharge, monthly.

Page.

94

95

96

95

rating table...................... 96

Montezuma, Ga.:

description......................... 92-93

discharge-.......................... 93

gage heights........................ 93

Thomaston, Ga.:

description......................... 100

discharge........................... 100

Woodbury, Ga.:

description..................... 90-91,100

discharge.......................... 91,100

discharge, monthly. .*............... 92

gage heights........................ 91

rating table........................ 92

Floats, use of, in measuring discharge..... 14

Flovilla, Ga.

Ocmulgee River near:

description......................... 56

discharge........................... 56

discharge, monthly................. 58

gage heights........................ 57

rating table........................ 58

Fraleys Ferry (near Milledgeville), Ga. 

Oconee River at:

description......................... 68-69

discharge........................... 69

gage heights........................ 69

H. Page. 

18 

18 

18

G.

Gaging stations, equipment of........... 14

Geneva, Ala.

Choctawhatcliee River near:

description......................... 102

discharge........................... 102

Double Bridges Creek near:

description......................... 103

discharge........................... 103

Giles, J. M., acknowledgment to........... 18

Green River near: 

Flat Rock, N. C.:

description......................... 30

discharge........................... 30

Rutherfordton, N. C:

description......................... 34

discharge........................... 34

Greensboro, Ga.

Oconee River near:

description......................... 66

discharge........................... 66

discharge, monthly................. 68

gage heights ....................... 67

rating tables....................... 68

Groveland, Ga.

Cannoochee River near:

description......................... 51-52

discharge........................... 52

discharge, monthly................. 54

gage heights........................ 53

rating- table........................ 54

Lotts Creek near:

description......................... 54

discharge........................... 54

Hall, M. R., district covered by..........

Hall, O. P., acknowledgment to..........

Hall, W. E., acknowledgment to.........

Hazel Creek near 

Demorest, Ga.:

description......................... 100

discharge........................... 100

Helena, Ala.

Buck Creek near:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Hillabee Creek near 

Alexander City, Ala. 1.

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Hydrographers, list of..................... 18

Hydrographic surveys, annual appropriations for........................ 7

organization and scope of.............. 7-9

I. 

Ice-covered streams, method of measuring

flow of.......................... 16

Ichawaynochaway Creek at and near 

Milford, Ga.:

description......................... 98-99

discharge........................... 99

gage heights........................ 99

Newton (at Barnetts Bridge), Ga.:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Newton (at Rentz Bridge), Ga.:

description.......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Williamsburg, Ga.:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Index, Wash., Skykomish River (South 

Fork) near, rating, area, and 

mean-velocity curves for, figure 

showing........................ 17

J.

Jacks Creek at 

Anniestown, Ga.:

description......................... 78

discharge........................... 78

Jackson, Miss. 

Pearl River at:

description......................... 152

discharge........................... 152

. discharge, monthly................. 154

gage heights........................ 153

rating table........................ 154

Jasper, Ala.

Black Water Creek near:

description......................... 151

discharge........................... 151

Jenifer, Ala.

Choccolocco Creek near:

description......................... 130

discharge........................... 130

discharge, monthly................. 132

gage heights........................ 131

rating table........................ 131

John River near 

Morganton, N. C.:

description......................... 24

..........;...........,. 24
160 INDEX.

K.

Kinchafoonee Greek near 

Leesburg, Ga.:

description-........

discharge...........

gage heights........

L. 

Leesburg, Ga.

Kinchafoonee Creek near:

description.........................

discharge...........................

gage heights........................

Muckalee Creek near:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Lithonia, Ga.

Yellow River near:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Little Ocmulgee River at 

Lumber City, Ga.:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Wilcox, Ga.: '

description.........................

discharge,...........................

Little River near 

Milledgeville, Ga.:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Washington, Ga.:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Locust Fork of Black Warrior River. See 

Black Warrior River (Locust 

Fork).

Long Swamp Creek near 

Ballground, Ga.:

description.........................

discharge............................

Lotts Creek near 

Groveland, Ga.:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Lumber City, Ga.

Little Ocmulgee River at:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Luxapelila Creek at 

Columbus, Miss.:

description.........................

discharge...........................

Lyons, Ga.

Pendletons Creek near:

description.........................

discharge...........................

M.

118

118

78

151

151

78-79 

78

Macon, Ga.

Ocmulgee River at:

description......................... 58-59

discharge........................... 59

discharge, monthly................. 61

gage heights........................ 60

rating table........................ 60

Madison, S. C. Page. 

Chauga River near:

description......................... 44-45

discharge........................... 45

Tugaloo River near:

description...................... 38-39,51

discharge........................... 39,51

discharge, monthly................. 40

gage heights........................ 39

rating table........................ 40

Mapother, W. L., acknowledgment to. ... 18

Marbury, J. B., acknowledgment to....... 18

Methods of measuring and computing

stream flow, description of..... 12-18

Milford, Ga.

Ichawaynochaway Creek at:

description......................... 98-99

discharge........................... 99

gage heights........................ 99

Milledgeville, Ga.

Little River near:

description......................... 78

discharge........................... 78

Oconee River at:

description......................... 69-70

discharge........................... 70

gage heights........................ 71

Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry near:

description......................... 68-69

discharge........................... 69

gage heights........................ 69

Miner's inch, definition of.................. 9

Mitchelson, A. T., acknowledgment to..... 18

Mobile River basin:

description of.......................... 109

miscellaneous measurements in....... 150-151

Montezuma, Ga. 

Buck Creek near:

description......................... 99

discharge........................... 99

Flint River near:

description......................... 92-93

discharge........................... 93

gage heights........................ 93

Whitewater Creek near:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Morganton, N. C.

Catawba River near:

description......................... 21-22

i discharge........................... 22

discharge, monthly............... x . 24

gage heights........................ 23

rating table........................ 23

John River near:

description..........1.............. 24

discharge........................... 24

Mountaintown Creek near 

Ellijay, Ga.:

description......................... 128

discharge........................... 128

Muckalee Creek near - 

Leesburg, Ga.:

description......................... 97

discharge...................'........ 97
INDEX. 161

Muddy Creek near Page. 

Bridgewater, N. C.:

description......................... 34

discharge........................... 34

Mulberry Creek nearColumbus, Ga.:

description......................... 90

discharge........................... 90

.Multiple-point method, of measuring discharge, description of.......... 15

Murray, F. A., acknowledgment to........ 18

N. 

Newberry, S. C.

Saluda River near:

description......................... 34-35

discharge........................... 35

Newton, Ga.

Chickasawhachee Creek near:

description......................... 100

discharge........................... 100

Coolawahee Creek near:

description......................... 100

discharge.................. ........ 100

Ichawaynochaway Creek at Barnetts

Bridge near: 

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Ichawaynochaway Creek at Rents

Bridge near: 

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Ninety Six, S. C.

Saluda River near:

description..................'....... 33

discharge........................... 33

gage heights........................ 34

Norcross, Ga.

Chattahoochee River near:

description......................... 80

discharge........................... 81

discharge, monthly................. 82

gage heights........................ 81

rating table........................ 82

O. 

Oakdale, Ga.

Chattahoochee River (lower gage) near:

description......................... 83

discharge........................... 84

Ocmulgee River at and near 

Floville, Ga.:

description......................... 56

discharge........................... 56

discharge, monthly................. 58

gage heights........................ 57

rating table........................ 58

Macon, Ga.:

description......................... 58-59

discharge........................... 59

discharge, monthly................. 61

gage heights........................ 60

rating table........................ 60

Oconee River at and near 

Dublin, Ga.:

description......................... 71-72

discharge........................... 72

Oconee River at and nea~ Continued. Page.

Dublin, Ga. Continued.

discharge, monthly................. 74

gage heights........................ 73

rating table........................ 74

Fraleys Ferry (near Milledgeville\ Ga.:

description......................... 68-09

discharge........................... 69

gage heights....................... 69

Greensboro, Ga.:

description......................... 66

discharge........................... 66

discharge, monthly................. 68

gage heights........................ 67

rating table........................ 68

Milledgeville, Ga.:

description......................... 69-70

discharge........................... 70

gage heights........................ 71

Ogeechee River basin:

description of.......................... 51

miscellaneous measurement in......... f.4

Ohoopee, Ga.

Ohoopee River near:

description........ ................ /8

discharge........................... 78

Ohoopee River near 

Ohoopee, Ga.:

description......................... 78

discharge........................... 78

Reidsville, Ga.:

description......................... 75

discharge........................... 75

discharge, monthly................. 77

gage heights........................ 76

rating table......................... 77

Oostanaula River at 

Resaca, Ga.:

description......................... 121

discharge........................... 122

discharge, monthly................. 123

gage heights........................ 122

rating table........................ 123

P. 

Palos, Ala.

Black Warrior River (Locust Fork) at:

description......................... 148

discharge........................... 149

discharge, monthly................. 150

gage heights........................ 149

rating table........................ 150

Panther Creek near 

Tallulah Falls, Ga.:

description......................... 51

discharge........................... 51

Pea River at 

Elba, Ala.:

description......................... 106

discharge........................... 106

Pera, Ala.:

description...................... 103-104

discharge........................... 104

discharge, monthly................. 105

gage heights........................ 104

rating table........................ 105

IRR 168 06- -11
162 INDEX.

Pearl River at Page. 

Jackson, Miss.:

description......................... 152

discharge........................... 152

discharge, monthly................. 154

gage heights........................ 153

rating table........................ 154

Pearl River basin:

description............................. 151

Pendletons Creek ne^ar 

Lyons, Ga.:

description.......................... 78-79

discharge........................... 79

Pera, Ala.

Pea River at:

description....................... 103-104

discharge........................... 104

discharge, monthly................. 105

gage heights........................ 104

rating table........................ 105

Prosperity, S. C.

Saluda River near:

description......................... 35

discharge........................... 35

R.

Rating curves, methods of construction of. 16-17

Rating tables, methods of construction of.. 16,17

Red Oak Creek near 

Woodbury, Ga.:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Reidsville, Ga.

Brazzell Creek near:

description......................... 78

discharge........................... 78

Ohoopee River near:

description......................... 75

discharge........................... 75

discharge, monthly................. 77

gage heights........................ 76

rating table........................ 77

Resaca, Ga.

Oostanaula River at:

description......................... 121

discharge........................... 122

discharge, monthly................. 123

gage heights ....................... 122

rating table........................ 123

Riverside, Ala. 

Coosa River at:

description......................... 119

discharge........................... 119

discharge, monthly.......'.......... 121

gage heights........................ 120

rating table........................ 120

Rome, Ga.

Etowah River near:

description....................... 115-116

discharge........................... 116

gage heights........................ 117

rating table........................ 117

Rules for computation, fundamental and

special.......................... 10-11

Run-off, office methods of computing...... 16-18

in inches, definition of.................. 9

Rutherfordton, N. C. 

Green River near: 

description.... 

discharge......

S.

Saluda River at and near 

Chappells, S. C.:

description......................... 34

discharge........................... 34

Columbia, S. C.:

description......................... 34

discharge........................... 34

Newberry, S. C.:

description......................... 34-35

discharge........................... 35

Ninety Six, S. C.:

description......................... 33

....................... 33

....................... 34

Prosperity, S. C.:

description......................... 35

discharge........................... 35

Waterloo, S. C.:

description......................... 30-31

discharge........................... 31

discharge, monthly................. 33

gage heights...................'..... 32

rating table........................ 32

Santee River basin:

description of.......................... 18-20

miscellaneous measurements in........ 34-35

Savannah River at 

Augusta, Ga.:

description......................... 41-42

discharge........................... 42

discharge, monthly................. 44

gage heights........................ .43

rating table........................ 44

Woodlawn, S. C.:

description......................... 40-41

discharge......... 1......'........... 41

gage heights........................ 41

Savannah River basin:

description of.......................... 35

miscellaneous measurements in........ 50-51

Schenck, C. A., acknowledgment to........ 18

Scott, T. K., acknowledgment to.......... , 18

Second-feet per square mile, definition of... 9 

Second-foot, definition of.................. 9

Selma, Ala.

Alabama River at:

description....................... 109-110

discharge........................... 110

discharge, monthly................. 112

gage heights........................ Ill

rating table........................ 112

Seneca River near 

Clemson College, S. C.:

description......................... 45

discharge........................... 46

discharge, monthly................. 47

gage heights........................ 46

rating table........................ 47

Single-point method of measuring discharge,

description of.................. 15
INDEX. 168

Page.

Skykomish River (South Fork) near Index, 

Wash., rating, area, and mean 

velocity curves for, figure showing............................. 17

Slope method of measuring discharge, use

and value of.................... 12-13

Smich, E. A., acknowledgment to.......... 18

Snapping Shoals, Ga.

Snapping Shoals Creek at:

description......................... 79

discharge........................... 79

South River near:

description...................... 55-56,79

discharge........................... 56,79

Snapping Shoals Creek at 

Snapping Shoals, Ga.:

description......................... 79

discharge........................... 79

Soque River near 

Demorest, Ga.:

description......................... 86-87

discharge........................... 87

discharge, monthly................. 88

gage heights........................ 87

rating table........................ 88

South River near 

Snapping Shoals, Ga.:

description...................... 55,56,79

discharge........................... 56,79

Stewart, Ga.

Alcovy River near:

description......................... 61

discharge........................... 61

discharge, monthly................. 62

gage height s........................ 62

rating table........................ 62

Stone Mountain, Ga. \ 

Yellow River near:

description......................... 63

discharge........................... 63

Stream flow, field methods of measuring... 12-16 

Sturdevant, Ala.

Tallapoosa River at:

description....................... 132-133

discharge........................... 133

discharge, monthly................. 134

gage heights........................ 133

rating table........................ 134

Sugar Creek at 

Wilcox, Ga.:

description......................... 79

discharge........................... 79

Summers, M. B., acknowledgment to...... 18

Sweet water Creek near 

Austell, Ga.:

description.......................

discharge.........................

gage heights......................

T.

Tables, explanation of 10

Tacoa, Ala.

Cahaba River near:

description......................... 151

discharge.......................... 151

Page. 

Talking Rock Creek near 

Carters, Ga.:

description......................... 129

discharge........................... 129

Tallapoosa River at 

Sturdevant, Ala.:

description....................... 132-133

discharge........................... 133

discharge, monthly................. 134

gage heights........................ 133

rating table........................ 134

Tallulah Falls, Ga.

Chattooga River near:

description......................... 50-51

discharge........................... 51

Panther Creek near:

description......................... 51

discharge........................... 51

Tallulah River at:

description......................... 35-36

discharge........................... 36

discharge, monthly................. 38

gage heights........................ 37

rating table........................ 37

Tallulah River at 

Tallulah Falls, Ga.:

description......................... 35-36

discharge........................... 36

discharge, monthly................. 38

gage heights........................ 37

rating table........................ 37

Thomaston, Ga.

 Big Potato Creek near:

description......................... 97

discharge........................... 97

Flint River near:

description......................... 100

discharge........................... 100

Thompson, J. S. B., acknowledgment to... 18 

Thunder, Ga.

Elkins Creek near:

description......................... 100

discharge........................... 100

Tombigbee River at 

Columbus, Miss.:

description....................... 137-138

discharge........................... 138

discharge, monthly................. 139

gage heights........................ 138

rating table........................ 139

Epes, Ala.:

description....................... 139-140

discharge........................... 140

discharge, monthly................. 142

gage heights........................ 141

rating table........................ 141

Tugaloo River near 

Madison, S. C.:

description...................... 38-39,51

discharge........................... 39-51

discharge, monthly................. 40

gage heights...... ................ 39

rating table........................ 40
164 INDEX.

Tuscaloosa, Ala. Page. 

Black Warrior River at:

description......................... 145

discharge........................... 145

gage heights........................ 146

V.

Velocity method of measuring discharge,

description of................... 13-16

Vertical velocity-curve method of measuring discharge, description of.... 15

Vinings, Ga.

Chattahoochee Rivernear:

description......................... 82-83

discharge........................... 83

W.

Warm Springs, Ga. 

WT arm Springs at:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Warm Springs at 

Warm Springs, Ga.:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Washington, Ga.

Little Rivernear:

description......................... 51

discharge........................... 51

W'ateree River near 

Camden, S. 0.:

description......................... 25

discharge........................... 25

discharge, monthly................. 27

gage heights........................ 26

rating table........................ 27

Waterloo, S. C.

Saluda River near:

description......................... 30-31

 discharge........................... 31

discharge, monthly.. .............. 33

gage, heights........................ 32

rating table........................ 32

Weather Bureau officials, acknowledgments

to.............................. 18

Weir method of measuring discharge, requirements of.................. 13

West Point, Ga.

Chattahoochee River at:

description......................... 84

discharge........................... 85

West Point, Ga. Continued. Page.

Chattahoochee River at Continued.

discharge, monthly................. 86

gage heights........................ 85

rating table........................ 86

Whitewater Creek near 

Montezuma, Ga.:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Whitewater River near 

Elba, Ala.:

description......................... 106

discharge........................... 106

Wilcox, Ga.

Little Ocmulgee River at:

description......................... 78

discharge........................... 78

Sugar Creek at:

description......................... 79

discharge........................... 79

Williamsburg, Ga.

Ichawaynochaway Creek near:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Woodbury, Ga.

Flint River near:

description..................... 90-91,100

discharge.......................... 91,100

discharge, monthly................. 92

gage heights........................ 91

rating table........................ 92

Red Oak Creek near:

description......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

Woodlawn, S. C.

Savannah River at:

description..........'............... 40-41

discharge........................... 41

gage heights........................ 41

Wright, J. T., acknowledgment to......... 18

Y.

Yeates, W. S., acknowledgment to......... 18

Yellow I liver near 

Lithonia, Ga.:

description......................... 79

discharge........................... 79

Stone Mountain, Ga.:

description.........'................ 63

discharge........................... 63

Youngblood, J. M., acknowledgment to.... 18
CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL

SURVEY.

[Water-Supply Paper No. 168.]

The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual 

Reports; (2) Monographs; (3) Professional Papers; (4) Bulletins; (5) Mineral 

Resources; (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers; (7) Topographic Atlas of 

United States, folios and separate sheets thereof; (8) Geologic Atlas of United 

States, folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists may be had 

on application.

Most of the above publications may be obtained or consulted in the following 

ways:

1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they 

may be obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application.

2. A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress, 

for distribution.

3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, 

D. C., from whom they may be had at practically cost.

4. 1 Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public 

libraries in the large cities throughout the United States, where they may be 

consulted by those interested.

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of 

subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified 

into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and 

physics; F, -(geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water 

storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investigations; N, Water power; O, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. 

Series P. The hydrographic progress reports contain the results of stream measurements. A 

report is issued for every calendar year, containing the results of data collected during that year. 

These reports were first published as a part of the Director's annual report or as a bulletin; they are 

now published as water-supply and irrigation papers. The following is a list, by years, of the publications containing the progress reports of stream measurements. A detailed index of these reports 

(1888-1903) is published as Water-Supply Paper No. 119.

1888. Tenth Annual Report, Part II.

1889. Eleventh Annual Report, Part II.

1890. Twelfth Annual Report, Part II.

1891. Thirteenth Annual Report, Part III. 

- 1892. Fourteenth Annual Report, Part II.

1893. Bulletin No. 131.

1894. Bulletin No. 131; Sixteenth Annual Report, Part II.

1895. Bulletin No. 140.

1896. Water-Supply Paper No. 11; Eighteenth Annual Report, Part IV.

1897. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 15 and 16; Nineteenth Annual Report, Part IV.

1898. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 27 and 28; Twentieth Annual Report, Part IV.

1899. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39; Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

1900. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52; Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

1901. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 65 and 75. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 66 and 75.

1902. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 82 and 83. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 84 and 85.

I
II SERIES LIST.

1903. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 97 and 98. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 99 and 100.

1904. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 124, 125,126, 127, 128, and 129. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, and 136.

1905. East of Mississippi River, Nos. 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, and 171.

West of Mississippi River, Nos. 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, and 178.

The Geological Survey and the Reclamation Service have suboffiees in different parts of the United 

States, from which hydrographic and reclamation work in the respective localities is carried on and 

where data may be obtained on application. These offices are located as follows:

Boston, Mass., 6 Beacon street; Utica, N. Y., 75 Arcade; Atlanta, Ga., 409 Temple court: Austin, 

Tex., University of Texas; Chicago, 111., 876 Federal Building; Belle Fourche, S. Dak.; Cody, Wyo.; 

Denver, Colo., Chamber of Commerce Building; Salt Lake, Utah; Los Angeles, Cal., 1108 Union Trust 

Building; Phoenix, Ariz.; Carlsbad, N. Mex.; El Paso, Tex.; Billings, Mont.; Huntley, Mont.; Hazen, 

Nev.; Boise, Idaho; North Yakima, Wash.; Portland, Oreg., 351 Washington street.

Correspondence should be addressed to

THK DIRECTOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

APRIL, 1906.

o