What Every Member of the 

Trade Community Should Know About: 

Turbojets, 

Turbopropellers and 

Other Gas Turbines, 

(HTSUS 8411) and 

Parts Thereof 

AN INFORMED COMPLIANCE PUBLICATION 

MAY 2009 
Turbojets, Turboproppellers and Other Gas Turbines, (HTSUS 8411) and Parts Thereof 

May 2009 

NOTICE:

This publication is intended to provide guidance and information to the trade community. 

It reflects the position on or interpretation of the applicable laws or regulations by U.S. 

Customs and Border Protection (CBP) as of the date of publication, which is shown on 

the front cover. It does not in any way replace or supersede those laws or regulations. 

Only the latest official version of the laws or regulations is authoritative. 

Publication History 

First Published: January 2000 

Revised March 2004 

Reviewed With No Changes May 2005 

Reviewed With No Changes March 2006 

Revised September 2008 

Revised May 2009 

PRINTING NOTE: 

This publication was designed for electronic distribution via the CBP website 

(http://www.cbp.gov) and is being distributed in a variety of formats. It was originally set 

up in Microsoft Word 2003®. Pagination and margins in downloaded versions may vary 

depending upon which word processor or printer you use. If you wish to maintain the 

original settings, you may wish to download the .pdf version, which can then be printed 

using the freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader®. 

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PREFACE 

On December 8, 1993, Title VI of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation 

Act (Pub. L. 103-182, 107 Stat. 2057), also known as the Customs Modernization or “Mod” Act, 

became effective. These provisions amended many sections of the Tariff Act of 1930 and 

related laws. 

Two new concepts that emerge from the Mod Act are “informed compliance” and “shared 

responsibility,” which are premised on the idea that in order to maximize voluntary compliance 

with laws and regulations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the trade community needs to 

be clearly and completely informed of its legal obligations. Accordingly, the Mod Act imposes a 

greater obligation on CBP to provide the public with improved information concerning the trade 

community's rights and responsibilities under customs regulations and related laws. In addition, 

both the trade and U.S. Customs and Border Protection share responsibility for carrying out 

these requirements. For example, under Section 484 of the Tariff Act, as amended (19 U.S.C. 

1484), the importer of record is responsible for using reasonable care to enter, classify and 

determine the value of imported merchandise and to provide any other information necessary to 

enable U.S. Customs and Border Protection to properly assess duties, collect accurate 

statistics, and determine whether other applicable legal requirements, if any, have been met. 

CBP is then responsible for fixing the final classification and value of the merchandise. An 

importer of record’s failure to exercise reasonable care could delay release of the merchandise 

and, in some cases, could result in the imposition of penalties. 

Regulations and Rulings (RR) of the Office of International Trade has been given a major role in 

meeting the informed compliance responsibilities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. In 

order to provide information to the public, CBP has issued a series of informed compliance 

publications on new or revised requirements, regulations or procedures, and a variety of 

classification and valuation issues. 

This publication, prepared by the National Commodity Specialist Division of Regulations and 

Rulings is entitled "Turbojets, Turbopropellers and Other Gas Turbines, (HTSUS 8411) and 

Parts Thereof.” It provides guidance regarding the classification of these items. We sincerely 

hope that this material, together with seminars and increased access to rulings of U.S. Customs 

and Border Protection, will help the trade community to improve voluntary compliance with 

customs laws and to understand the relevant administrative processes. 

The material in this publication is provided for general information purposes only. Because 

many complicated factors can be involved in customs issues, an importer may wish to obtain a 

ruling under Regulations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 19 C.F.R. Part 177, or to 

obtain advice from an expert who specializes in customs matters, for example, a licensed 

customs broker, attorney or consultant. 

Comments and suggestions are welcomed and should be addressed to the Executive Director, 

Regulations and Rulings, Office of International Trade, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 

1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, (Mint Annex), Washington, D.C. 20229. 

Sandra L. Bell 

Executive Director, Regulations and Rulings 

Office of International Trade 

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TURBO-JETS, TURBO-PROPELLERS AND OTHER GAS TURBINES ...7

Turbojet/Turbofan....................................................................................................... 10

Turboprop................................................................................................................... 11

Turboshaft .................................................................................................................. 11

Parts........................................................................................................................... 12

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION...................................................................16

The Internet................................................................................................................ 16

Customs Regulations ................................................................................................. 16

Customs Bulletin ........................................................................................................ 16

Importing into the United States ................................................................................. 17

Informed Compliance Publications............................................................................. 17

Value Publications...................................................................................................... 18

“Your Comments are Important”................................................................................. 19

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TURBO-JETS, TURBO-PROPELLERS AND OTHER GAS TURBINES 

This Informed Compliance Publication is being issued in order to examine and clarify 

the scope of the merchandise that is included in heading 8411 of the Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) which provides for turbojets, turbopropellers, 

other gas turbines and parts thereof. It includes the Explanatory Notes (ENs) 

discussing heading 8411 and notes the relationship between the way the various 

subheading groups of 8411 are listed in the HTSUS and further expanded upon in the 

ENs. 

The subheadings in question are as follows: 

8411 Turbojets, turbopropellers and other gas 

 turbines, and parts thereof: 

 Turbojets: 

8411.11 Of a thrust not exceeding 25 kN: 

8411.11.4000 Aircraft turbines 

8411.11.8000 Other 

8411.12 Of a thrust exceeding 25 kN: 

8411.12.4000 Aircraft turbines 

8411.12.8000 Other 

 Turbopropellers: 

8411.21 Of a power not exceeding 1,100 kW: 

8411.21.4000 Aircraft turbines 

8411.21.8000 Other 

8411.22 Of a power exceeding 1,100 kW: 

8411.22.4000 Aircraft turbines 

8411.22.8000 Other 

 Other gas turbines: 

8411.81 Of a power not exceeding 5,000 kW: 

8411.81.4000 Aircraft turbines 

8411.81.8000 Other 

8411.82 Of a power exceeding 5,000 kW: 

8411.82.4000 Aircraft turbines 

8411.82.8000 Other 

There are three subheading groups to heading 8411: subheadings 8411.11 and 

8411.12 cover turbojets; subheadings 8411.21 and 8411.22 cover turbopropellers; and 

subheadings 8411.81 and 8411.82 cover other gas turbines - the subheadings for parts 

are discussed separately in this publication. These three subheading groups can best 

be understood by referring to their “equivalent” paragraphs in the Harmonized 

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Commodity Description and Coding System Explanatory Notes (ENs), which constitute 

the official interpretation of the Harmonized System. While not legally binding on the 

contracting parties, and therefore not dispositive, the ENs provide a commentary on the 

scope of each heading of the Harmonized System and are thus useful in ascertaining 

the classification of merchandise under the System. Customs believes the ENs should 

always be consulted. See T.D. 89-80, 54 Fed. Reg. 35127, 35128 (Aug. 23, 1989). 

The Explanatory Notes to heading 8411 are divided into three major groups: 8411(A) - 

Turbo-jets (which also includes turbofan engines); 8411(B) - Turbo-propellers; and 

8411(C) - Other gas turbines. Classification of gas turbines, of whatever kind, is 

simplified by the direct comparison of subheadings and ENs. 

A review of the Explanatory Notes for heading 8411, in part, defines the turbines of this 

heading. The ENs state, in part: 

This heading covers turbo-jets, turbo-propellers and other gas 

turbines. 

The turbines of this heading are, in general, internal combustion engines 

which do not usually require any external source of heat as does, for 

example, a steam turbine. 

(A) TURBO-JETS 

A turbo-jet consists of a compressor, a combustion system, a turbine and a 

nozzle, which is a convergent duct placed in the exhaust pipe. The hot 

pressurized gas exiting from the turbine is converted to a high velocity gas 

stream by the nozzle. The reaction of this gas stream acting on the engine 

provides the motive force which may be used to power aircraft. In its simplest 

form the compressor and turbine are accommodated on a single shaft. In more 

complex designs the compressor is made in two parts (a two spool compressor) 

in which the spool of each part is driven by its own turbine through concentric 

shafting. Another variation is to add a ducted fan usually at the inlet to the 

compressor and drive this either by a third turbine or connect it to the first 

compressor spool. The fan acts in the nature of a ducted propeller, most of its 

output bypassing the compressor and turbine and joining the exhaust jet to 

provide extra thrust. This version is sometimes called a “bypass fan jet”. 

(B) TURBO-PROPELLERS 

Such engines are similar to turbo-jets, but have a further turbine downstream of the 

compressor turbine, which is coupled to a conventional propeller such as is used on 

piston engine aircraft. This latter turbine is sometimes referred to as a “free turbine”, 

meaning that it is not mechanically coupled to the compressor and compressor turbine 

shaft. Thus most of the hot pressurized gas leaving the compressor turbine is 

converted into shaft power by the free turbine instead of being expanded in a nozzle as 

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May 2009 

is the case in turbo-jets. In some cases, the gases leaving the free turbine may be 

expanded in a nozzle to provide auxiliary jet power and assist the propeller.

(C) OTHER GAS TURBINES 

This group includes industrial gas-turbine units which are either specifically 

designed for industrial use or adapt turbo-jets or turbo-propeller units for uses 

other than providing motive power for aircraft. 

There are two types of cycles: 

(1) The simple cycle, in which air is ingested and compressed by the 

compressor, heated in the combustion system and passed through 

the turbine, finally exhausting to the atmosphere. 

(2) The regenerative cycle, in which air is ingested, compressed and 

passed through the air pipes of a regenerator. The air is preheated by the turbine exhaust and is then passed to the 

combustion system where it is further heated by the addition of fuel. 

The air/gas mixture passes through the turbine and is exhausted 

through the hot gas side of the regenerator and finally to the 

atmosphere. 

There are two types of designs: 

(a) The single-shaft gas turbine unit, in which the compressor and 

turbine are built on a single shaft, the turbine providing power to 

rotate the compressor and to drive rotating machinery through a 

coupling. This type of drive is most effective for constant speed 

applications such as electrical power generation. 

(b) The two-shaft gas turbine unit, in which the compressor, 

combustion system and compressor turbine are accommodated in 

one unit generally called a gas generator, whilst a second turbine 

on a separate shaft receives the heated and pressurized gas from 

the exhaust of the gas generator. This second turbine known as 

the power turbine is coupled to a driven unit, such as a compressor 

or pump. Two-shaft gas turbines are normally applied where load 

demand variations require a range of power and rotational speed 

from the gas turbine. 

These gas turbines are used for marine craft and locomotives, for electrical 

power generation, and for mechanical drives in the oil and gas, pipeline and 

petrochemical industries. 

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The EN for 8411(C) speaks of "industrial gas-turbine units which are either specifically 

designed for industrial use or adapt turbo-jets or turbo-propeller units for uses other 

than providing motive power for aircraft." Following General Rule of Interpretation 1, 

HTSUS, one might suppose that the “adapted” turbojets and turboprops would continue 

to be properly classified in either subheading group 8411.11/12 or subheading group 

8411.21/22, as appropriate. But “adapted” turbojets or turbopropellers, as we shall see, 

are not within the eo nomine scope of the appropriate turbojet or turbopropeller 

subheading groups, but are more correctly classifiable in either subheading 8411.81 or 

8411.81, depending on their power output. (See HQ 967102 of September 27, 2004). 

The gas turbine engine, sometimes commonly referred to as the jet engine based upon 

its operation rather than its use, is an internal combustion engine which produces 

energy and performs "work" by the controlled burning of a fuel. As with an internal 

combustion piston engine, the gas turbine takes in air, compresses it, mixes it with fuel, 

burns the mixture and vents the exhaust gas. In the piston engine (see headings 8407 

and 8408), the burning is cyclic and the combusted air/fuel mixture drives a piston and 

crank to produce shaft power. In the gas turbine, however, the combustion is 

continuous and the expanding gas, which is a result of heating and burning, is “put to 

work” by either being forced out through a nozzle at the rear of the engine to produce 

thrust, used to power another turbine for purposes of producing shaft power, or a 

combination of both. 

In general terms, the "typical" gas turbine has three main components – the compressor 

stage, the combustion chamber and the turbine. Air is drawn in to the front inlet from 

the atmosphere and is compressed as it passes through a series of blades called 

stators (stationary blades) and rotors (blades which are rotating) which is known as the 

compressor. The air is then delivered to the combustion chamber, wherein the engine's 

fuel is sprayed from nozzles and mixed with the compressed air. Combustion of the 

mixture takes place in an annular steel ring or a ring of tubes (burner cans) to produce 

the highest possible temperature and hence expansion of the gas. The rapidly 

expanding gas is forced out of the rear of the engine through the turbine, which consists 

of one or more stages of rotating turbine blades. The turbine blades are attached to a 

shaft which connects to the compressor blades. This allows the shaft to rotate with 

sufficient energy from the gas exhaust stream to keep the compressor rotating at its 

optimum speed. The complete rotating assembly - compressor, shaft and turbine - is 

carried on bearings and is frequently referred to as a "spool". 

Turbojet/Turbofan 

 The turbojet, the simplest and earliest form of gas turbine, is used mainly in high-speed 

aircraft where its relatively low frontal area and high velocity are advantages. The 

Concorde Super Sonic Transport aircraft used turbojet engines as do modern fighter 

jets. 

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The turbofan is a "bypass" engine where part of the air is compressed fully before 

passing into the combustion chamber as it passes through the aforementioned rotors 

and stators. The remainder is compressed to a lesser extent and ducted around the 

burner section. This bypass results in a lower jet velocity but improved propulsion 

efficiency, lower noise levels and reduced fuel consumption. The turbofan is the 

preferred engine for most commercial airliners. 

The power of these engines is measured in pound thrust or so-called kilonewtons (kN). 

Knowledge of the kN is necessary for proper classification of these engines. This 

measurement is the product of the exhaust mass flow per second and the difference 

between the exhaust velocity and the air inlet velocity. Calculation is not easily 

achieved without a computer or slide-rule. The kN's should be noted on the invoice or 

available from the importer or the seller/manufacturer. High thrust output is the hallmark 

of a turbojet/turbofan gas engine. 

Turboprop 

The turboprop is basically a turbojet with an extra turbine which is designed to absorb 

most of the energy remaining in the gas stream after sufficient gas has been used to 

drive the compressor. The power-turbine shaft drives the propeller through a reduction 

gear, usually at the front of the engine. The turboprop is a very efficient engine for lowspeed, low-altitude aircraft. 

Turboshaft 

The turboshaft is similar to a turboprop without a propeller. The power turbine is 

coupled to a reduction gearbox or directly to an output shaft. As with the turboprop, the 

power turbine makes use of as much of the burning gas energy as possible and the 

residual thrust from the exhaust of the gas is very low. Some turboshaft gas turbines 

are not specifically designed for industrial use but are derived or adapted from aircraft 

engines and are sometimes known as aero-derivative engines. While these engines 

were originally designed as aircraft engines, their final design is that of an “other” gas 

turbine whose output is expressed through shaft power and not by thrust. These 

“adapted” engines, along with specifically designed turboshaft gas turbines, form the 

class or kind of good that would be considered under the “other gas turbine” subheading 

group of 8411.81 and 8411.82. A common use of the turboshaft is the helicopter where 

the necessary rotation of the rotor shaft that the lift blades are attached to outweighs 

any requirement for thrust from the turbine’s exhaust. Turboshafts are also widely used 

in industrial and marine applications. 

The power of turboprop and turboshaft engines is measured in kilowatts (kW). A 

kilowatt may be expressed as .7457 of a unit of horsepower. 

It should be noted that gas turbines imported together with an electric generator, 

along with the generator, constitute an electricity generating set, and are 

classified in heading 8502, HTSUS. Relevant ENs indicate that for purposes of 

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May 2009 

heading 8502, HTSUS, the expression "generating sets" applies to the combination of 

an electric generator and any prime mover other than an electric motor and that 

generating sets consisting of the generator and its prime mover, which are mounted (or 

designed to be mounted) together as one unit or on a common base (see the General 

Explanatory Note to Section XVI), are classified in heading 8502, HTSUS, provided they 

are presented together. Headquarters ruling 087074 of November 21, 1991 provides 

further guidance with respect to the apparent direction of the Explanatory Notes that the 

components of a generating set be mounted, or be designed to be mounted, as one unit 

or on a common base. U.S. Customs Headquarters discussed this requirement in the 

cited ruling: 

It has been suggested that the cited General Explanatory Note may 

support the proposition that there must be substantial physical integration 

of the turbine and generator for these units to constitute a set for tariff 

purposes, and that a mere coupling of the shafts is insufficient in this 

regard. In our opinion, the note [EN] is inconclusive in imposing this 

requirement on the turbine and generator in issue here and, in any event, 

there is substantially more integration of these units than a mere coupling 

of the shafts. This note [EN], therefore, should not be interpreted in such 

a way as to contravene the otherwise clear scope of heading 8502. 

Because the units in issue here are commonly bought and sold together, 

are commercially regarded as generating sets, and possess design 

features that indicate they will be permanently attached to one another, we 

conclude that they are designed to be mounted together as one unit for 

purposes of heading 8502. 

Parts 

The classification of parts of the goods of Section XVI, which includes Chapters 84 and 

85 and heading 8411 HTSUS, is controlled by Note 2 to the section, which states: 

2. Subject to note 1 to this section, note 1 to chapter 84 and to note 1 

to chapter 85, parts of machines (not being parts of the articles of 

heading 8484, 8544, 8545, 8546 or 8547) are to be classified 

according to the following rules: 

(a) Parts which are goods included in any of the headings of 

chapters 84 and 85 (other than headings 8409, 8431, 8448, 

8466, 8473, 8487, 8503, 8522, 8529, 8538 and 8548) are in 

all cases to be classified in their respective headings; 

(b) Other parts, if suitable for use solely or principally with a 

particular kind of machine, or with a number of machines of 

the same heading (including a machine of heading 8479 or 

8543) are to be classified with the machines of that kind or in 

heading 8409, 8431, 8448, 8466, 8473, 8503, 8522, 8529 or 

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8538 as appropriate. However, parts which are equally 

suitable for use principally with the goods of headings 8517 

and 8525 to 8528 are to be classified in heading 8517; 

(c) All other parts are to be classified in heading 8409, 8431, 

8448, 8466, 8473, 8503, 8522, 8529 or 8538 as appropriate 

or, failing that, in heading 8485 or 8548.” 

These notes demonstrate that articles that are parts for use solely or principally with the 

gas turbines of heading 8411, HTSUS, which are not excluded from one of the 

provisions of Section XVI by any of the legal notes referred to above and which are not 

more specifically provided for elsewhere in chapter 84 or 85 by Section Note 2(a) are to 

be classified in heading 8411, in one of the appropriate subheadings below: 

 Parts: 

8411.91 Of turbojets or turbopropellers: 

8411.91.10 Cast-iron parts, not advanced beyond cleaning, and 

machined only for the removal of fins, gates, sprues 

and risers or to permit location in finishing 

machinery..... 

 40 Parts of nonaircraft turbines 

 Parts of aircraft turbines: 

 60 For use in civil aircraft 

 90 Other 

8411.91.90 Other..... 

 40 Parts of nonaircraft turbines 

 Parts of aircraft turbines 

 81 Steel forgings 

 85 Other 

8411.99 Other: 

8411.99.10 Cast-iron parts, not advanced beyond cleaning, and 

machined only for the removal of fins, gates, sprues 

and risers or to permit location in finishing 

machinery..... 

10 Parts of nonaircraft gas turbines 

Parts of aircraft gas turbines: 

40 For use in civil aircraft 

 80 Other 

8411.99.90 Other..... 

Parts of nonaircraft gas turbines: 

 30 Rotors or spindles and rotor or spindle 

 assemblies 

 Other: 

 81 Steel forgings 

 85 Other 

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90 Parts of aircraft gas turbines 

The Explanatory Notes to heading 84.11, give some guidance as to what some of the 

parts are: 

Subject to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see 

the General Explanatory Note to Section XVI), parts of the engines and 

motors of this heading are also classified here (e.g., gas turbine rotors, 

combustion chambers and vents for jet engines, parts of turbo-jet engines 

(stator rings, with or without blades, rotor discs or wheels, with or without 

fins, blades and fins), fuel feed regulators, fuel nozzles). 

An example of separately imported components of a gas turbine (a compressor, 

combustor and power turbine) being classified as parts may be seen in New York ruling 

855576 of September 11, 1990. Similarly, Headquarters ruling 087981 of December 

21, 1990 stated that even two components imported together, the compressor and the 

combustor sections which make up the gas generator of a complete gas turbine, do not 

have the essential character of a complete gas turbine and would be classified as parts. 

Other rulings dealing with the classification of gas turbine components as parts may be 

found in HQ 957578 of February 5, 1998 (mounting base and enclosure for a marine 

gas turbine), HQ 956591 of October 6, 1994 (fan blade panels); NY A84161 of June 5, 

1996 (air accumulator, which works with the fuel flow regulator); NY C88226 of June 1, 

1998 (airseals used in various stages of a jet engine); and NY D87262 of February 2, 

1999 (power section assembly of a turboshaft engine for a helicopter). 

Parts of gas turbines which are classified as a part within the appropriate subheading of 

8411 should be classified therein using the same principle established earlier, that is, 

parts of turbojets and turbopropellers are classified in subheading 8411.91, HTSUS, 

while parts of other gas turbines, including parts for adapted turbojets or turboprops, are 

classified in the provision for the "other" parts subheading of 8411.99, HTSUS. (NY 

J84450 of June 2, 2003) Caution should be exercised when classifying parts for 

adapted turbojets and turboprops to the extent that they are classified in the subheading 

in which their principal use is found. Therefore, a part of an adapted turbojet which is 

principally used in a standard turbojet is to be classified in subheading 8411.91, not 

8411.99 regardless of the intended use of the complete turbojet once adapted to that 

use. It is only those parts for “other gas turbines” which are not designed and 

constructed as turbojets or turboprops that will be classified in subheading 8411.99. (NY 

J84454 of June 2, 2003) 

It is important to note that a new statistical breakout was established in 2009 for “parts: 

steel forgings” under subheadings 8411.91 and 8411.99. Steel forgings are described 

in the Subheading Explanatory Notes to 7326.11 and 7326.19 as being articles that 

have been forged. Excluded under this Chapter 73 EN are “forgings which are products 

falling into other headings...or unfinished forgings which require further working but 

have the essential character of such finished products”. This is in accordance with GRI 

2(a). Therefore, forged steel parts which have the essential character of the final part, 

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but are not in the final state or a part of an assembly, at the time of importation, would 

be classified under the statistical breakout as “parts: steel forgings”. 

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

The Internet 

The home page of U.S. Customs and Border Protection on the Internet’s World Wide 

Web, provides the trade community with current, relevant information regarding CBP 

operations and items of special interest. The site posts information -- which includes 

proposed regulations, news releases, publications and notices, etc. -- that can be 

searched, read on-line, printed or downloaded to your personal computer. The web site 

was established as a trade-friendly mechanism to assist the importing and exporting 

community. The web site also links to the home pages of many other agencies whose 

importing or exporting regulations that U.S. Customs and Border Protection helps to 

enforce. The web site also contains a wealth of information of interest to a broader 

public than the trade community. For instance, the “Know Before You Go” publication 

and traveler awareness campaign is designed to help educate international travelers. 

 

The web address of U.S. Customs and Border Protection is http://www.cbp.gov

Customs Regulations 

The current edition of Customs and Border Protection Regulations of the United States 

is a loose-leaf, subscription publication available from the Superintendent of 

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402; telephone (202) 

512-1800. A bound edition of Title 19, Code of Federal Regulations is also available for 

sale from the same address. All proposed and final regulations are published in the 

Federal Register, which is published daily by the Office of the Federal Register, National 

Archives and Records Administration, and distributed by the Superintendent of 

Documents. Information about on-line access to the Federal Register may be obtained 

by calling (202) 512-1530 between 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. Eastern time. These notices are 

also published in the weekly Customs Bulletin described below. 

Customs Bulletin 

The Customs Bulletin and Decisions (“Customs Bulletin”) is a weekly publication that 

contains decisions, rulings, regulatory proposals, notices and other information of 

interest to the trade community. It also contains decisions issued by the U.S. Court of 

International Trade, as well as customs-related decisions of the U.S. Court of Appeals 

for the Federal Circuit. Each year, the Government Printing Office publishes bound 

volumes of the Customs Bulletin. Subscriptions may be purchased from the 

Superintendent of Documents at the address and phone number listed above. 

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Turbojets, Turboproppellers and Other Gas Turbines, (HTSUS 8411) and Parts Thereof 

May 2009 

Importing into the United States 

This publication provides an overview of the importing process and contains general 

information about import requirements. The current edition of Importing Into the United 

States contains much new and revised material brought about pursuant to the Customs 

Modernization Act (“Mod Act”). The Mod Act has fundamentally altered the relationship 

between importers and U.S. Customs and Border Protection by shifting to the importer 

the legal responsibility for declaring the value, classification, and rate of duty applicable 

to entered merchandise. 

The current edition contains a section entitled "Informed Compliance." A key component 

of informed compliance is the shared responsibility between U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection and the import community, wherein CBP communicates its requirements to 

the importer, and the importer, in turn, uses reasonable care to assure that CBP is 

provided accurate and timely data pertaining to his or her importation. 

Single copies may be obtained from local offices of U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection, or from the Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 

1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20229. An on-line version is 

available at the CBP web site. Importing into the United States is also available for 

sale, in single copies or bulk orders, from the Superintendent of Documents by calling 

(202) 512-1800, or by mail from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing 

Office, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7054. 

Informed Compliance Publications 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection has prepared a number of Informed Compliance 

publications in the “What Every Member of the Trade Community Should Know 

About:...” series. Check the Internet web site http://www.cbp.gov for current 

publications. 

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Turbojets, Turboproppellers and Other Gas Turbines, (HTSUS 8411) and Parts Thereof 

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Value Publications 

Customs Valuation under the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 is a 96-page book 

containing a detailed narrative description of the customs valuation system, the customs 

valuation title of the Trade Agreements Act (§402 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended 

by the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. §1401a)), the Statement of 

Administrative Action which was sent to the U.S. Congress in conjunction with the TAA, 

regulations (19 C.F.R. §§152.000-152.108) implementing the valuation system (a few 

sections of the regulations have been amended subsequent to the publication of the 

book) and questions and answers concerning the valuation system. 

Customs Valuation Encyclopedia (with updates) is comprised of relevant statutory 

provisions, CBP Regulations implementing the statute, portions of the Customs 

Valuation Code, judicial precedent, and administrative rulings involving application of 

valuation law. A copy may be purchased for a nominal charge from the Superintendent 

of Documents, Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-

7054. This publication is also available on the Internet web site of U.S. Customs and 

Border Protection. 

The information provided in this publication is for general information 

purposes only. Recognizing that many complicated factors may be 

involved in customs issues, an importer may wish to obtain a ruling under 

CBP Regulations, 19 C.F.R. Part 177, or obtain advice from an expert 

(such as a licensed Customs Broker, attorney or consultant) who 

specializes in customs matters. Reliance solely on the general 

information in this pamphlet may not be considered reasonable care.

Additional information may also be obtained from U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

ports of entry. Please consult your telephone directory for an office near you. The 

listing will be found under U.S. Government, Department of Homeland Security. 

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Turbojets, Turboproppellers and Other Gas Turbines, (HTSUS 8411) and Parts Thereof 

May 2009 

“Your Comments are Important” 

The Small Business and Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman and 10 regional 

Fairness Boards were established to receive comments from small businesses about 

Federal agency enforcement activities and rate each agency’s responsiveness to small 

business. If you wish to comment on the enforcement actions of U.S. Customs and 

Border Protection, call 1-888-REG-FAIR (1-888-734-3247). 

REPORT SMUGGLING 1-800-BE-ALERT OR 1-800-NO-DROGA 

Visit our Internet web site: http://www.cbp.gov

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