DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 471

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP THE 

UNITED STATES

1918

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

C. H. PIERCE, C. C. COVERT, and G. C. STEYENS, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the States of 

MAINE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, and NEW YORK

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1921
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 7

Definition of terms......................................................... 8

Explanation of data........................................................ 9

Accuracy of field data and computed records................................. 10

Cooperation................................................................ 11

Division of work.......................................................... 11

Gaging station records...................................................... 12

St. John River basin................................................... 12

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine................................ 12

Machias River basin.................................................... 14

Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine.............................. 14

Union River basin..................................................... 16

West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine.................... 16

Penobscot River basin.................................................. 18

West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine.............. 18

West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine................ 19

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine............................ 21

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine................ 23

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine...................... 25

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine.............................. 27

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine .............................. 29

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine............................. 31

Kennebec River basin.................................................. 33

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine............................... 33

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine............................... 34

Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine............................. 36

Dead River at The Forks, Maine.................................... 38

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine .............................. 39

Androscoggin River basin............................................... 41

Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H............................. 41

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H................................. 43

Androscoggin River at Rumford, Maine............................. 44

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine......................... 45

Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine................... 46

Presumpscot River basin............................................... 48

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine.................. 48

Saco River basin....................................................... 49

Saco River at Cornish, Maine....................................... 49

Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine.................................... 51

Merrimack River basin................................................. 53

Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H............................. 53

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H....................... 60

Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass................................. 62

Smith River near Bristol, N. H..................................... 65

Contoocook River at Elmwood, N. H................................ 66

Blackwater River near Contoocook, N. H............................ 68

Suncook River at North Chichester, N. H............................ 69

3
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging station records Continued.

Merrimack River basin Continued. Page.

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H................................ 70

South Branch of Nashua River near Clinton, Mass................... 72

Sudbury River and Lake Cochituate basins near Framingham and

Cochituate, Mass................................................ 73

Thames River basin. ................................................... 75

Quinebaug River at Jewett City, Conn.............................. 75

Connecticut River basin................................................ 76

Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H................ 76

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H................................. 79

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass.............................. 81

Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt........... 95

White River at West Hartford, Vt.................................. 97

Ashuelot River at Hindsale, N. H................................... 99

Millers River near Winchendon, Mass............................... 101

Millers River at Erving, Mass....................................... 103

Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass............................ 105

Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass................................ 107

East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass......................... 108

Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass................................ 110

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass................................ 112

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass................................ 114

Swift River at West Ware, Mass.................................... 116

Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass............................. 118

Westfield River at Knightville, Mass............................... 120

Westfield River near Westfield, Mass................................ 122

Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass............. 124

Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass.......................... 125

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass................................. 127

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass............................ 129

Housatonic River basin................................................. 131

Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass...................... 131

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn............................ 133

Hudson River basin................................................... 135

Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................... 135

Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y................................. 137

Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.................................... 139

Hudson River at Spier Falls, N, Y................................. 141

Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y.............................. 143

Indian Lake reservoir at Indian Lake, N. Y......................... 144

Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................... 146

Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y.................................. 148

Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y................................... 149

Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y.................................. 151

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y.............................. 153

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y......................... 155

Mohawk River at Crescent dam, N. Y.............................. 157

Delaware River basin................................................. 158

East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y.................. 158

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y................................ 160

Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J................................ 161

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y................................... 163

West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y................. 164
CONTENTS. 5

Gaging station records Continued. Page.

Susquehanna River basin.............................................. 166

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y................................ 166

Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y........................ 168

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y................................. 170

Cohocton River near Campbell, N. Y................................ 172

Mud Creek at Savona, N. Y......................................... 172

Tioga River near Erwins, N. Y...................................... 173

Patuxent River basin................................................. 174

Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md.............................. 174

Potomac River basin...........'........................................ 176

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md................................ 176

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md. .............................. ~. 177

Rappahannock River basin............................................. 179

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va....................... 179

Miscellaneous measurements............................................... 180

Index.................................................................... 181

Appendix: Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources........ I

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; J5, Typical gaging station................. 10

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens continuous; B, Gurley printing;

C, Friez........................................................ 11

FrouRE 1. Rating curves for Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass.......... 82
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC 

SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS, 1918.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1918.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June SO, 1895-1919.

1895.................................................... $12, 500. 00

1896.................................................... 20,000. 00

1897 to 1900, inclusive................................... 50, 000. 00

1901 to 1902, inclusive.................................... 100,000.00

1903 to 1906,inclusive.................................... 200,000.00

1907.................................................... 150,000. 00

1908 to 1910, inclusive.................................... 100, 000. 00

1911 to 1917,inclusive.................................... 150,000. 00

1918.................................................... 175,000.00

1919..................................................... 148,244.10

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 11.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,510 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1918, 1,180 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many

7
8 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918,, PART I.

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In 

connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to 

publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix 

to this report.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each* of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miners' inches, and discharge in secondfeet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of 

cubic feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are 

second-feet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, and acrefeet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." 

A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 

of rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off 

with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation;" an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control;" a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream below the gage which determine the stage-discharge relation 

at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the same 

section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage the gage height to which the surface of the river would fall if 

there were no flow.
STIKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PART I. 9 

EXPIiANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1,1917, and ending September 30,1918. At the beginning of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of snow 

or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes off 

in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, 

on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for the 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist of records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to 

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either from 

direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder that 

gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter. (See Pis. I, II.) The general 

methods are outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of 

river discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to the gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, monthly, 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 

the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the l?ase data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of control, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuations the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean 

daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

If such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean 

daily discharge may be obtained by averaging discharge at regular 

intervals during the day or by using the discharge integrator, an 

instrument operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed ''Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 

"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed ' 'Mean " is the 

average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On this 

average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, which 

are defined on page 8, are based.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanence of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

A paragraph in the description of the station or footnotes added to 

the tables gives information regarding (1) the permanence of the 

stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating 

curve is defined, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency of 

gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage heights to the 

rating table to obtain the daily discharge.1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. 

These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the

individual measurements with reference to the

The monthly means for any station may represent with high accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the

mean rating curve.

gage, but the figures

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and ' 'Run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for

1 For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, J. C., 

Accuracy of stream-now data: U. 8. Oeol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 53-59,1916.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 471 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 471 PLATE II

A. STEVENS CONTINUOUS. B. GURLEY PRINTING. 

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
DIVISION" OF WORK. 11

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less 

than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per square 

mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

but .unknown sources of error.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

The hydrometric work in Maine was carried on in cooperation 

with the public utilities commission, Benjamin F. Cleaves, chairman, 

and Paul L. Bean, chief engineer.

In Vermont the work was carried on in cooperation with the State, 

Horace F. Graham, governor, and Herbert M. Mclntosh, State engineer.

The work in New Hampshire was done in cooperation with the 

commission on water conservation and water power, George B. 

Leighton, commissioner.

The work in Massachusetts was carried on in cooperation with the 

commission on waterways and public lands, John N. Cole, chairman.

Financial assistance has been rendered by the New England Power 

Co., the Turners Falls Power & Electric Co., the Connecticut Valley 

Lumber Co., the Holyoke Water Power Co., the International Paper 

Co., the Connecticut Power Co., the Eastern Connecticut Power Co., 

Profile Falls Power Co., and the W. H. McElwain Co.

Work in the State of New York has been conducted under cooperative agreements with the State engineer and surveyor and, since 

July 1, 1911, with the division of waters of the State conservation 

commission.

The water-stage recorder on Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y., 

was inspected by an employee of the Adirondack Electric Power 

Corporation, Glens Falls, N. Y.

The station on Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va., 

was maintained in cooperation with the Spottsylvania Power Co.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in New England were collected and .prepared 

for publication under the direction of C. H. Pierce, district engineer. 

The work in Maine was under the immediate supervision of A. F. 

McAlary, assistant engineer of the public utilities commission, who 

was assisted by H. A. Lancaster. The other assistants in New Eng-
12 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

land were O. W. Hartwell, H. W. Fear, M. R. Stackpole, J. W. Moulton, A. N. Weeks, and Hope Hearn.

Data for stations in New York were collected' and prepared for 

publication under the direction of C. C. Covert, district engineer, 

who was assisted by O. W. Hartwell, E. D. Burchard, A. H. Davison, 

W. A. James, and Helen Kimmey.

For stations in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia, the data were 

collected and prepared for publication under the direction of G. C. 

Stevens, district engineer, who was assisted by H. J. Jackson, B. L. 

Hopkins, M. I. Walters, and J. W. Moulton.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN. 

ST. JOHN RIVER AT VAN BTTREN, MAINE.

LOCATION. At new international bridge at Van Buren, Aroostook County, about 14 

miles above Grand Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,270 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 4, 1908, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gage used since May 6, 1912, painted vertically on second pier from Van 

Buren end of bridge; zero of gage, 407.69 feet above sea level. From 1908 to 1911 

stage was read on a vertical rod attached to pier of sawdust carrier of Hammond's 

mill, about 700 feet below international bridge, but as published, readings are 

reduced to datum of bridge gage. Gage read by W. H. Scott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from international bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control practically permanent. Banks high, rocky, 

cleared, and not subject to overflow except in very high freshets.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 24.5 feet at 8.10 

a. m. May 2 (discharge, 104,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.45 feet 

at 6.30 a. m. October 1 (discharge, 1,820 second-feet). Discharge estimated at 

1,520 second-feet several times in February and March (stage-discharge relation 

affected by ice).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice, usually from December to 

March; estimates based on gage heights at Grand Falls and rating curve derived 

from measurements at Van Buren.

REGULATION. The little storage above for log driving probably does not materially 

affect the flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records 

good.

COOPERATION. Winter-gage heights at Grand Falls furnished by H. S. Ferguscn, 

consulting engineer.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year ending September 30, 1918.
ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN. 13

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1......

2......

3......

4......

5......

6......

7......

8......

9...... 

10......

11......

12...... 

13......

14......

15...... 

16......

17......

18......

19...... 

20......

21......

22......

23......

24......

25...... 

26......

27...... 

28...... 

29...... 

30...... 

31......

Oct.

1,820

2,700

3,060

3,640

4,700

5,140

6,760 

8,980

9,760 

9,500

8,470

7,970 

8,220

8,470

7,970 

8,720

9,500

9,240

10,000 

10,000

9,500

8,470

7,970

7,970

7,720 

9,500

10,800 

14,500 

15,400 

15,700 

24,400

Nov.

47,000

52,500

46,000

38,200

32,300

27,800

24,700 

22,600

20,800 

19,500

17,900

17,200

15,700

13,900

12,800 

12,200

11,900

12,200

12,200 

11,600

11,000

10,200

R 7Qrt

8,960

8,150 

6,320

4,800 

4,510 

4,990 

5,840

Dec.

6,320

6,570

6,840

7,110

6,700

6,190

6,070 

5.400

5,090 

4,990

4,800

4,600 

4,330

4,240

4,240 

4,160

4,240

3,990

3,900 

3,900

3,990

4 080

3' 900

3,740

3,500 

3,580

3,580 

3.280 

2,840 

2,840 

2,700

Jan.

2,700

2,700

2,580

2,580

2,460

2,460

2,240 

2,240

2,360 

2,360

2,360

2,360 

2,360

2,240

2,300 

2,240

2,140

2,140

2,140 

2,140

2,140

2 1/m

2,080

2,030

2,030 

2,030

2,030 

1,930 

1,930 

1,930 

1,930

Feb.

1,880

1,880

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,640 

1,640

1,640 

1,640

1,560

1,560 

1,600

1,560

1,690 

1,640

1,640

1 fidft

1,520 

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,640 

1 640

1*690 

1,640

Mar.

1,640

1,640

1,640

1,640

1,640

1,640

1,520 

1,520

1,520 

1,520

1,520

1,520 

1,520

1,520

1,560 

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,520 

1,640

1,780

1,780

1,640

1,520

1,520 

1,520

1,560 

1,690 

1,930 

2,030 

2,300

Apr.

2,580

3,580

4,080

4,990

5,840

7,400

10,100 

12,900

14,100 

14,500

14,900

15,300 

17,400

20,500

23,700 

25,000

35,200

42,500

37,700 

34,500

32,300

31,900

34,500

40,600

48,000 

50,000

49,500 

50,000 

53,000 

63,600

May.

87,500

104,000

102,000

94,000

81,000

69,000

58f600 

57,500

63,000 

66,000

67,800

67,800 

61,900

59,200

61,900 

59,200

53,500

48,000

43,500 

41,000

39,600

38,600

38,600

37,200

35,000 

32,300

29,000 

26,600 

26,200 

27,000 

25,100

June.

22,900

21,800

20,800

19,500

18,200

16,900

16,000 

15,700

15,700 

15,400

15,400

13,900 

13,600

14,500

17,900 

18,800

16,600

13,900

12,500 

11,100

10,000

9,240

9,760

17,200

29,400

00 Qftft

27,000 

22,200 

19,500 

17,200

July.

17,200

15,700

15,700

15,100

13,600

12,200

11,100 

10,300

12,200 

26,200

46,500

46,500 

41,000

35,400

31,100 

31,900

32,300

31,500

29,800 

27,000

24,000

20,800

19,500

18,200

16,900 

15,700

15,100 

16,000 

14,800 

13,300 

14,800

Aug.

24,400

25,500

21,200

16,900

14,200

12,500

11,600 

11,100

11,400 

10,800

10,000

8,470 

7,480

7,240

6,760 

6,050

5,590

5,820

5,820 

5,820

5,360

4,920

4,700

4,050

3,840 

3,840

3,440 

3,440 

3,250 

3,250 

3,060

Sept.

2,880

2,880

2,880

3,060

3,250

3,440

4,920 

6,050

6,760 

7,240

6,050

5,360 

4,480

4,480

5,360 

7,480

11,100

10,300

10,000 

11,400

13,600

15,100

18,800

20,800

18,500 

15,700

13,600 

13,600 

16,900 

21,800

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 23 to Apr. 17; discharge tor this period determined 

from gage heights at Grand Falls and rating curve derived from measurements at Van Buren.

Monthly discharge of St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

[Drainage area, 8,270 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

September. ...................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

24,400 

52,500 

7,110 

2,700 

1,880 

2,300 

63,600 

104,000 

32,300 

46,500 

25,500 

21,8dO

104,000

Minimum.

1,820 

4,510 

2,700 

1,930 

1 520 

1,520 

2,580 

25,100 

9,240 

10,300 

3,060 

2,880

1,520

Mean.

8,920 

18,100 

4,570 

2,240 

1,630 

1,630 

26,700 

54,900 

17,500 

22,300 

8,770 

9,590

14,800

Per 

square 

mile.

1.08 

2.19 

.553 

.271 

.197 

.197 

3.23 

6.64 

2.11 

2.70 

1.06 

1.16

1.79

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.24 

2.44 

.64 

.31 

.21 

.23 

3.60 

7.66 

2.35 

3.11 

1.22 

1.29

24.30
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

MACHIAS RIVER BASIN. 

HACHIA.S RIVER AT WHITNEYVILLE, HAUTE.

LOCATION. At a wooden highway bridge in Whitneyville, Washington County, 200 

feet below a storage dam and 4 miles above Machias.

DRAINAGE AREA. 465 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 17, 1903, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain installed on the wooden highway bridge October 10, 1911; prior to 

October 3, 1905, chain gage on the Washington County Railroad bridge, threefourths of a mile downstream; October 3, 1905, to October 9, 1911, staff gage on 

highway bridge at datum of present chain gage. Gage read by I. S. Albee.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.0 feet at 3 p. m. 

April 22 and 3.30 p. m. April 23 (discharge, 5,900 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded 3.25 feet on August 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 (discharge, 160 second-feet).

ICE. River usually remains open at the gage but ice farther downstream occasionally 

affects the stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. Opening and closing of gates in storage dam immediately above station each day during low stages of the river cause considerable fluctuation; 

some log driving every year and jams of short duration occasionally occur.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 100 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read 

to tenths once daily, except from December 15 to March 30, when it was read 

three times a week. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table and making corrections for effect of ice during the winter. 

Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 5

Feb. 16

Made by 

A. F. McAlary... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«4.30 "5.1

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

308

538

Date.

Mar. 16

Aug. 11

Made by 

A. F. McAlary.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a 4. SO

4.23

Discharge.

Sec.-tt. 

474

640

» Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
MACHIAS EIVEE BASIN. 15

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

770

980

860

711

654

711

860

860

980

980

i 9<tn

1,700

2

0Aft

1 860

1*540

i cun

1 540 i* ^.10.

1,700

1,860

1 860 i* >un

1,540

1

KA(\

2,030

i sfin

1,540

1 f\Af\

1 KAfl

1 %d(l

i fidn

Nov.

1,380

1 3Sft

1 94f)

1 240

I'lOO

1,100

1,100

980

980

980

i 94n

1,100

1,100

980

860

770

711

711

711

711

711

711

ftfifi

1,100

1,100

1 94fl

1

0 on

1,380

1,100

770

Dec.

598

C44

*un

eon

490

460

4 fin

44/1

44fi

410

410

410

410

410

410

410

410

410 'ion

Oftfl

tfin

OfiA

Dfin

360

Dfift

360 ofin

360

360

<tfifi

ton

Jan.

360

360

360 o^n

01 fl

01 n

310 sin

340

360

OfiA

Oftfj

360

360

Ofifi

°.fin

360

360 oftn

360

°.fin

01 n

290

270

270

97fi

97n

270

270

270

97fl

Feb.

270

97n

97ft

97ft

97fi

9*7/1

97fi

270

270

97fi

270

97n

270

270

390

540

eon

490

490

4Qfl

/ton

490

490

520

580

fiin

740

860

Mar.

860

800

snrt

800

QTIA

7in

680

660

640

K0f\

EOfl

490

490

Afin

470

490

520

520 f\dn

580

con

580 finn

640

fun

660

fiSfi

79n

7dn

800

Apr.

920

1 9VI

1,860

2 200

2

J Kfin

2 660

2

7KA

2 QV1

2 950

3 1 VI

2

QKA

2 950

2

7KA

2.750

2

7KA

2

7KA.

2

QCA

2 950

2

* QKA

2

QCA

2 Q*f\

5 900

5*900

5.600

5

f)Af\

A *»fin

3,150

3,150

3,550

3,750

May.

4,150

4 800

3,'750

3,150

2 OCA

2 K7fl

2,030

1,860 i Cy*n

1 *;Aft

1,540

1 ftfiA

2,030

2,390

2 r;7fl

2 950

3

* 1 CA

3,350

3,350

3 1 £A

2

7KA

2,570

2

00/1

2,210

2,030

1 860

1*700

1,700 i <un

i >Ufl

1,388

June.

1,380

1,380

1,380 i 9in

1,240

1,100

1,100

1,240

1 94fl

1 94n

1,100

1,100

1,240

1,240

1 94fl

1 94ft

1,240

1,100

1 100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,860

1,700

1 *M\

i 94ft

1,100

860

711

598

July.

490

387

387

387

387

438

860

1,700

1,540

1,380

1,380

1,100

980

860

770

711

711

711

711

711

654

598

544

544

544

544

544

490

490

438

338

Aug.

244

200

160

160

160

160

160

200

200

490

654

682

740

740

740

740

740

626

571

517

464

412

412

412

362

314

267

221

178

178

178

Sept.

178

221

221

314

362

412

412

412

412

412

412

412

362

362

362

362

362

362

464

682

1,380

1,860

1,940

1,940

1,460

1,240

2,120

3,950

3,150

2,750

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 3 to Apr. 5; discharge for this period computed 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

[Drainage area, 465 square miles.]

Month.

May... ........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,210 

1,380 

598 

360 

860 

860 

5,900 

4,800 

1,860 

1,700 

740 

3,950

5,900

Minimum.

654 

711 

360 

270 

270 

460 

920 

1,380 

598 

338 

160 

178

160

Mean.

1,390 

1,020 

416 

325 

411 

630 

3,180 

2,460 

1,200 

720 

396 

976

1,090

Per 

square 

mile.

2.99 

2.19 

.895 

.699 

.884 

1.35 

6.84 

5.29 

2.58 

1.55 

.854 

2.10

2.34

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.45 

2.44 

1.03 

.81 

.92 

1.56 

7.63 

6.10 

2.88 

1.79 

.98 

2.34

31.93
16 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

TTNION RIVER BASIN. 

WEST BRANCH OF UNION RIVER AT AMHERST, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge three-fourths of a mile west of Amherst post office, 

Hancock County, on road to Bangor, 1 mile below highway bridge at old tannery 

dam.

BRAIN AGE ABE A. 140 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1909, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain, installed June 2, 1910, at same datum as old vertical gage nailed to 

log abutment; read by Mrs. Emma Sumner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; unlikely to change except in unusual flood.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.9 feet at 9 a. m. 

and 4 p. m. April 24 (discharge, 1,440 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.2 

feet at 8 a. m. and 4 p. m. October 5 (discharge, 16 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated as 12 second-feet February 9 and 10, but stage-discharge relation was affected by ice at the time.

ICE. Surface ice forms to a considerable thickness and anchor ice is found at the 

measuring section; stage-discharge relation seriously affected.

REGULATION. Regimen of stream only slightly affected by operation of the few 

log-driving dams above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

backwater from ice and occasional log jams. Rating curve well defined below 

1,100 second-feet. Gage read to half -tenths twice daily, except from December 

1 to March 30, when it was read three times a week. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying mean daily gage height to rating table and making corrections for 

effect of ice during the winter. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

20

Mar. 22

June 15

Made by 

.....do..................

&,

Feet. 

o9.25

o7.80

o9.ll

5.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

201

68

179

68

Date. Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.74

5.47

5.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

76

36.2

35.9

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
UNION BIVEE BASIN. , 17

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

62

39

39

68

16

50

68

- 74

nn

159

174

217

255

304

347

347

461

KQO

347

347

392

392

SQ9

532

410

182

190

208

245

415

Nov.

392 *438

461

461

438

415

438

438

415

392

392

347

369

347

347

325

304

284

94 H

208

174

144

245

284

245

240

230

220

210

200

Dec.

240

240

240

240

240

240

240

230

230

230

230

200

200

200

210

210

200

200

200

190

180

190

160

135

130

120

115

115

115

105

Tan.

100

94

 94

94

94

115

135

135

135

135

130

130

130

135

135

135

135

130

120

120

120

130

135

130

115

105

94

80

74

68

68

Feb.

68

68

50

34

39

44

34

24

12

12

29

50

74

88

74

80

88

100

100

105

100

88

88

74

62

74

88

115

Mar.

160

210

200

190

200

210

200

190

180

175

175

175

190

210

210

210

145

id*

135

190

210

230

240

240

260

300

350

350

Apr.

420

480

540

560

640

680

740

780

832

832

860

900

800

864

930

1,040

1,040

1,040

965

897

930

1,320

1,400

1,440

1,400

1,360

1,160

1,120

1,000

1,200

May.

1,280

1,200

1,000

930

930

800

508

304

199

182

438

438

347

392

392

264

284

264

1QQ

159

159

159

174

152

182

129

136

122

94

80

80

June.

190

190

114

107

107

62

80

80

80

62

62

62

62

68

68

50

44

62

74

68

50

74

107

208

166

114

56

144

107

50

July.

217

226

236

304

304

245

325

284

484

438

369

304

264

144

159

264

508

461

392

325

304

255

245

208

190

174

144

129

114

107

107

Aug.

94

87

87

87

74

74

62

62

114

217

208

190

174

129

68

34

50

80

62

56

62

62

56

50

50

44

39

34

34

29

29

Sept.

27

24

29

29

37

62

107

144

94

39

29

39

50

87

56

39

44

44

122

347

532

556

392

325

325

580

930

864

656

580

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by Ice Nov. 26 to Apr. 8 and Apr. 11-12. Discharge for these 

periods computed from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 140 square miles].

Month.

December.....................................

February ......................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May

July...........................................

August........................................

The year................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

532 

461 

240 

135 

115 

350 

1,440 

1,280 

208 

508 

217 

930

1,440

Minimum.

16 

144 

105 

68 

12 

135 

420 

80 

44 

107 

29 

24

12

Mean.

247 

322 

193 

115 

66.5 

206 

939 

386 

92.3 

265 

80.6 

240

263

Per 

square 

mile.

1.76 

2.30 

1.38 

.821 

.475 

1.47 

6.71 

2.76 

.659 

1.89 

.576 

1.71

1.88

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.03 

2.57 

1.59 

.95 

.49 

1.70 

7.49 

3.18 

.74 

2.18 

.66 

1.91

25.49

498° 21 WSP471-
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART i.

PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 

WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER AT MILLINOCKET, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Quakish Lake dam and Millinocket mill of Great Northern Paper Co., 

at Millinocket, Penobscot County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,880 square miles. ,

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 11, 1901, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Water-stage recorder at Quakish Lake dam and gages in fore bay and tailrace at mill.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Crest of concrete dam.

DISCHARGE. Flow computed by considering the flow over the dam, the flow through 

the wheels, and the water used through log sluices and filters. The wheels were 

rated at Holyoke, Mass., before being placed in position, and were tested later 

by numerous tube-float and current-meter measurements. Ratings for four new 

wheels installed in 1917 are based on acceptance test on one unit after installation, the discharge at various gate openings being measured by the use of Pitot 

tubes. When the flow of the river is less than 3,000 second-feet, all the water 

generally flows through the wheels of the mill.

ICE. Determination of discharge not seriously affected by ice; Ferguson Pond, 

just above entrance to canal, eliminates effect from anchor ice.

REGULATION. Dams at outlets of North Twin and Ripogenus lakes store water on a 

surface of about 73 square miles, with a capacity of about 41.5 billion cubic feet. 

Except during the time (usually in August) when excess water has to be supplied for log driving on the river below Millinocket and for a short time during 

the spring freshet, run-off is regulated by storage. Determination corrected for 

storage.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by engineers of Great Northern Paper Co.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,880 square miles].

Month.

July.......................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Observed.

Mean.

2,920 

3,460 

2,900 

2,780 

3,460 

3,940 

3,380 

2,970 

2,940 

4,800 

3,080 

2,820

3,290

Corrected for storage.

Mean.

3,140 

3,610 

1,520 

627 

300 

206 

8,180 

8,190 

2,510 

5,480 

2,170 

2,400

3,210

Per 

square 

mile.

1.67 

1.92 

.809 

.334 

.160 

.110 

4.35 

4.36 

1.34 

2.91 

1.15 

1.28

1.71

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.92 

2.14 

.93 

.39 

.17 

.13 

4.85 

5.03 

1.50 

3.36 

1.33 

1.43

23.18
PEFOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 19

WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER NEAR MEDWAY, MAINE.

LOCATION. Just above Nichatou Rapids, half a mile above mouth of East Branch of 

Penobscot Eiver and town of Medway, Penobscot County, and 2 miles below 

East Millinocket.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,100 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 20,1916, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Chain on left bank; read by A. T. Reed; Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder 

on left bank installed August 4,1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed fairly smooth at measuring section; covered with rocks 

and boulders above and below gage. Channel divides a few hundred feet below 

gage, but practically entire flow passes to left of Nichatou Island. Control formed 

by Nichatou Island and head of Nichatou Rapids; somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

7.11 feet at 1 p. m. July 16 (discharge, 11,500 second-feet); minimum stage during 

year from water-stage recorder, 2.09 feet at 10 a. m. September 2 (discharge, from 

extension of rating curve, about 1,140 second-feet).

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 9.88 feet at 1 p. m. June 18, 1917 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 20,000 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 1.45 feet at 9.45 a. m. January 7,1917 (discharge, 585 second-feet).

ICE . Ice forms along both banks, but the main channel remains open; stage-discharge 

relation not seriously affected.

REGULATION. Flow at ordinary stages completely regulated by dams and storage 

reservoirs above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation shifted slightly at time of high water in June, 

1917. Rating curve used previous to June, 1917, well defined below 12,000 

second-feet; curve used subsequent to that date well defined between 2,000 and 

12,000 second-feet. Daily discharge ascertained by discharge integrator. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine, during 

the year ending Sept. 30,1918,

Date.

Hay 25 

26

Made by 

Clark and Lancaster. . . . 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.38 

3.48

Discharge.

Sec.-jt. 

3,970 2400

Date.

May 26 

July 16

Made by 

Clark and Lancaster. . . .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.33 

7.14

Discharge.

Sec.-jt. 

3,880 

11,500
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine, 

for the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21.............. 

22.............. 

23.............. 

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,400

2,700

2,750

2,700

2,900

3,200

2,450

2,600

3,300

2,850

2,750

3,050

2,900

2,700

2,800

3,250

3,150

2,950

2,870

3,400

2,950 

3,350 

3,850 

3,750

3,500

3,900

4,150

3,500

3,900 

3,900 

4,400

Nov.

4,500

4,150

4,100

3,600

4,000

3,700

3,800

5,800

9,700

8,800

7 300

4,' 550

4,150

3,750

3,400

3,340

3 OKA

2,750

3,800

4,850

3,900 

3,550 

3,410 

3,500

2,750

3,500

3,600

3

/1CA

3,300 

2,750

Dec.

3,000

2,750

3,100

3,000

3,200

3,250

3,250

3,200

3,050

3,300

3,350

3,500

3,350

3,550

3,550

3,550

3,500

3,300

3,350

3,350

3,350 

3,200 

3,000 

3,000

2,600

3,300

3,100

3

Af)f\

3,400 

3,000 

4,150

Tan.

4,400

4,350

4 650

4,550'

4,200

2,900

3,900

3,700

3,700

3,700

3,900

3,550

3,250

3,750

3,620

3,580

3,400

3,450

3,400

2,800

3,050 

3,150 

3,200 

3,350

3,450

3,350

2,850

3,200

3,350 

3,800 

3,900

Feb.

4,150

4,100

3,450

3,750

3,700

3,900

4,445

4 250

5,100

4,700

5,400

5,400

5,000

4 Qfln

4,900

4,750

4,750

5,600

5,300

4,600 

5,200 

5,800 

3,880

5,600

6,100

6,000

5,800

Mar.

5,700

5,600

4,800

4,800

5,100

5,400

5,200

5,000

5,000

4,200

5,300

5,000

4,800

4,900

d AW

4,700

"4,~666"

5,200

5,300

5,200

5 400

5,400 

6,000 

5,300

Apr.

5,600

5,800

5,800

5,900

5,900

6,000

4,500

5,000

4,900

4,400

4,250

4,200

4,050

3,600

^ QW

4,450

4,500

4,400

4,300

4,200

3,650 

3,900 

4,150 

3,600

3,650

4,100

3,900

3,400

3,350 

3,550

May.

4,000

4,450

4,350

4,400

3,700

3,700

4,200

4,300

4,150

4,000

4,000

3,400

3,650

4,000

3,950

3,950

3,700

3,400

3,000

3,500

4,200 

4,000 

4,150 

4,260

3,800

3,800

3,900

4,200

4,100 

4,200 

4,350

June.

4,000

3,650

3,750

4,200

4,200

3,550

3,250

3,250

2,650

3,000

3,000

3,100

3,000

3,100

3,100

2,650

2,900

3,150

3,050

3,100

3,150 

3,600 

3,550 

4,350

4,200

3,950

3,800

3,700

3,700 

3,050

July.

3,200

3,200

3,150

2,950

3,250

2,950

2,600

4,200

4,500

4,300

4,000

3,550

3,500

5,400

10,000

11,100

9,400

8,500

8,500

8,400

7,900 

8,200 

7,300 

6,700

5,500

4,100

3,550

3,300

3,300 

3,450 

3,450

Aug.

3,600

3,550

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,300

3,300

3,300

3,500

3,500

2,950

3,750

3,750

4,050

4,450

4,250

4,250

3,650

4,150

4,050

3,100 

3,100 

2,950 

2,950

2,550

3,300

2,800

3,050

3,300 

3,400 

3,400

Sept.

4,000

2,000

9 4m

2,600

2,700

2,750

2,800

2,700

3,000

3,100

2,850

2,900

2,900

3,200

2,900

3,400

3,400

3,200

3,400

3,500

3,700 

3,250 

3,400 

3,300

3,250

3,100

3,300

3,500

3,400 

3,250

NOTE. Average discharge Mar. 17-23 estimated at 5,000 second-feet by comparison with records at West 

Enfleld and observer's once-daily gage readings.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 2,100 square miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second^feet. t

Maximum.

4,400 

9,700 

4,150 

4,650 

6,100 

6,000

6,000 

4,450 

4,350 

11,100 

4,450 

4,000

11,100

Minimum.

2,400 

2,750 

2,600 

2,800 

3,450

3,350 

3,000 

2,650 

2,600 

2,550 

2,000

2,000

Mean.

3,190 

4,240 

3,260 

3,590 

4,830 

5,080 

4,430 

3,960 

3,420 

5,270 

3,480 

3,110

3,980

Per 

square 

mile.

1.52 

2.02 

1.55 

1.71 

2.30 

2.42 

2.11 

1.89 

1.63 

2.51 

1.66 

1.48

1.90

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.75 

2.25 

1.79 

1.97 

2.40 

2.79 

2.35 

2.18 

1.82 

2.89 

1.91 

1.65

25.75

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches do not represent the natural run-off from the basin because of storage. (See " Regulation.")
PENOBSCOT EIVER BASIN. 21

PENOBSCOT RIVER AT WEST ENFIELD, HAUTE.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge 1,000 feet below mouth of Piscataquis River 

and 3 miles west of Enfield railroad station, Penobscot County. |

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1,1902, to September 30,1918.

GAGES. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank, downstream side of left bridge 

abutment, used since December 11, 1912, standard chain gage on upstream side 

of bridge used prior to that date; gages set to same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at gage broken by four bridge piers; straight above 

and below the gage. Banks high, rocky, and not subject to overflow. Control 

is at Passadumkeag Rips, about 5 miles below the gage; a wing dam at this point 

is overflowed at about gage height 5.5 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

11.2 feet at 8 p. m. May 2 (discharge, 40,700 second-feet); minimum stage during 

year from water-stage recorder, 2.30 feet at 11 p. m. October 1 (discharge, 3,840 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice from December to April; discharge ascertained by comparison with records at Sunkhaze Rips collected by 

Thomas W. Clark.

REGULATION. Flow since 1900 largely controlled by storage, principally in the lakes 

tributary to the West Branch. Results not corrected for storage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice and occasionally by logs. Rating curve well defined. Operation of waterstage recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ordinarily 

ascertained by applying to rating table average gage height taken from recorder 

sheets and corrections for effect of ice during the winter; at times of serious 

fluctuation in stage the daily discharge is ascertained by using the average of 12 

two-hour periods. Records excellent.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record and several discharge measurements furnished 

by Thomas W. Clark, hydraulic engineer, Oldtown, Maine. Discharge measurements also made by students of the University of Maine, under the diction of 

Prof. H. S. Boardman.

Discharge measurements of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 7

19

Made by &t.

Feet. 

3.15

4.94

Discharge.

Sec.-)t. 

5,950

9,990

Date.

Feb. 7

Made by 

T.W. Clark............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

05.84

63-22

Discharge.

Sec.-tt. 

4,870

5,440

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 6 Stage-discharge relation affected by log jam.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1...... 

2......

3......

4...... 

5......

6...... 

7......

8...... w'.'.'.'.'.. g

11......

12......

13...... 

14......

15......

16...... 

17......

18......

19......

20. .....

21......

22......

23......

24......

25......

26......

27. .....

28......

29......

30...... 

31......

Oct.

4,170 

4,390

4,960

5,070 

5,190

5,420 

5,650

5,190

5,420

5,770

5,770

6,770

8,540 

10,200

10,500

11,500

19 L&J Iftft iUU

11,600

10,800

n

QAA y OUU

10 7AA JO. fUU

13,700

13,700

12,700

13,500

19,000

ic QAA lo, oUU

17.200

16,200

16,600 

24,700

Nov.

34,100 

28,000

24,200

21,500 

19,500

18,000 

17,000

16,600

1Q fiflA lo,OU\J

19 700

17,600

15,200

12,300 

ift sfwi lUj oUU

10,200

9,720 

9 420

8*970

8'260

9 720

9,720

8,680

8,260

8,540

a i9fi Jj l^U

8,100

8,400

6,800

6,900

7,440

Dec.

7,040 

6,910

6,800

7,400 

7,600

7,300 

6,400

6,200

5,800

5 QAA f OUU

6,200

6,300

6,100 

6,000

6,000

6,100 

5,900

5

QAA j oUU

5,900

6,000

6,300

6,200

6,000

5,500

5,200

5,800

5,200

5

OAA 

. OUU

5,300

5,100 

5,000

Jan.

4,900 

5,000

5,200

5,200 

5,300

5,300 

5,100

5,300

5,400

5,500

5,300

5,300

5,300 

4 900

5^000

5,200 

5,200

5,200

5,200

5,200

4,800

4,600

4,700

5,100

5,000

5,200

5

onn ,iUU

4,700

4,500

4,600 

4,900

Feb.

5,100 

5,200

5,300

4,800 

4,700

4,600

d ^, QOfl WAJ

5,000

5,100

5,400

5,200

5,200

5,600 

5,600

5,800

6,000 

69nn , *uu 

5,900

5,900

6,700

6,700

5,900

6,400

6,900

6

KAA j OUU

6,800

7 700

7

OAA j OUU

'.".".".

Mar.

8,000

8 8, 3(V> OUU

8,300

7,200 

7,400

7,900 

8,000

7,700

7,400

7 f , 400 tW

6,700

7,300

7,400 

7,300

7,300

7,200 

6 900

6^400

7,200

7,300

7,400

8,000

8,300

8,400

8,400

9,100

9,100

9 400

9^700

10.500 

11 500

Apr.

13,000 

17,200

21,100

25,300 

24,700

26,000 

26,000

28,300

29 900

29 400

29,400

27 000

25^000 

24 000

24^700

28,800

O1 CAA oitoUU

31,800

30,200

OO QAA 40, OUV

26 500

27 800

34 400

36' 800

37,100

34,700

Q1 fif\fl oijOUU

28,600

26,500

26,800

May.

31,300 

38,600

37,100

32,400 

28,800

25,000 

23,000

23,000

20,800

18,800

17,800

17,400

16,800 

16,800

19, 100

19,100 

17,000

14,600

14,100

12,600

12,100

11,500

11,500

10,700

10,800

10,700

10,000

9,270

9,570

9,720 

9,120

June.

9,120

8,680

8,970

8,970 

8,540

7,980 

7,710

8,680

9,120

7 980

7,570

7,570

7,840 

8,120

8,400

8,120 

7,710

7,440

7,040

6,910

7,710

8,260

11,300

17 400

14' 400

12,000

10,500

9,720

9,270

8,680

July.

7,570 

7,980

7,570

7,170 

6,780

6,650 

6,650

11,700

30,000

33,500

27,000

22,500

21,100 

20,800

25,500

31,600 

31,000

28,000

25,700

22,500

20,400

19,700

18,800

17,400

15,800

13,700

12,000

10,700

9,720

9,870 

10,300

Aug.

9,870 

8,970

8,680

8,680 

8,120

7,980 

7,980

7^710

7,570

7,710

7,300

6,600

6,800 

7,000

7,600

8,500 

8,100

8,100

7,200

6,300

5,700

5,600

5,200

4,900

5,300

5,300

5 4ftfl , *±uu 

5,400

5,500

5,650 

5,530

Sept.

6,010 

5,650

4,730

5,070 

4,960

4,960 

4,840

4,730

4,840

5,070

5,190

4,960

4,960 

6,010

6,910

7,170 

7,170

6,780

7,440

9 800

14,800

17,800

15,800

14,600

13,400

12,500

14,300

22,200

20,400

18,000

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 26-29 and Dec. 3 to Apr. 8; discharge for this period 

computed from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of one discharge measurement at West 

Enfield and numerous discharge measurements and other data at Sunk Haze. Stage-discharge relation 

affected by logjams Aug. 12-29; determinations of discharge for this period based on observed gage heights 

corrected for effect of logs by means of one discharge measurement at West Enfleld and data at Sunk Haze.

Monthly discharge of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 6,600 square miles.]

Month

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

24,700 

34,100 

7,600 

5,500 

7,800 

11,500 

37,100 

38,600 

17,400 

33,500 

9,870 

22,200

38,600

Minimum.

4,170 

6,800 

5,000 

4,500 

4,600 

6,400 

13,000 

9,120 

6,910 

6,650 

4,900 

4,730

4,170

Mean.

10,600 

13,700 

6,080 

5,070 

5,780 

8,010 

27,800 

18,000 

9,060 

17,400 

6,980 

9,370

11,600

Per 

square 

mile.

1.60 

2.07 

.922 

.769 

.874 

1.21 

4.22 

2.72 

1.37 

2.63 

1.06 

1.42

1.74

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.85 

2.31 

1.06 

.89 

.91 

1.40 

4.71 

3-14 

1.53 

3.03 

1.22 

1.58

23.63
PEFOBSCOT BIVEK BASIN. 23

EAST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOX RIVER AX GRINDSTONE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Bangor & Aroostook Railroad bridge half a mile south of railroad station at Grindstone, Penobscot County, one-eighth mile above Grindstone Falls, 

and 8 miles above confluence with West Branch at Medway.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles; includes 270 square miles of Chamberlain 

Lake drainage.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 23,1902, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain attached to railroad bridge; read by R. D. Porter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; stream confined by abutments of 

bridge and broken by one pier at ordinary stages; velocity of current medium at 

moderate and high stages but sluggish at low water.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.7 feet at 4 

p. m. July 9 (discharge, 12,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.4 feet at 

7 a. m. October 1 (discharge, 290 second-feet). Minimum discharge estimated as 

210 second-feet from February 10-17, when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice.

ICE. Ice forms to a considerable thickness at the gage and down to the head of Grindstone Falls, and although the falls usually remain open during the greater part of 

the winter, the stage-discharge relation is somewhat affected.

REGULATION. Several dams maintained at outlets of a number of lakes and ponds 

near source of river are regulated for log driving; during the summer and fall 

gates are generally left open. The basin of the East Branch since about 1840 

includes about 270 square miles of territory draining into Chamberlain Lake that 

formerly drained into the St. John River basin, the diversion being made through 

what is known as the Telos canal. Results not corrected for storage and diversions.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from log 

jams at station and at Grindstone Falls immediately below, and by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well denned between 300 and 9,000 second-feet. Gage 

read to half-tenths once daily (except Sundays), except from November 27 to 

March 30, when it was read three times a week. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage height to rating table and making corrections for effect 

of ice during the winter. Record fair for moderate and high stages but uncertain 

for low stages.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 17

Jan. 28

Mar. 1

27

Made by 

A. F. McAlary.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

H. A. Lancaster. ......

height.

Feet. 

« 5. 15

o5.21

o5.80

«5.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

406

289

583

554

Date.

May 1

18

Aug. 1

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage

height.

Feet. 

8.04

6.88

6.61

t; Ad

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,170

3,080

2,460

QQft

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, 

for the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.............'.

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

290

415

390

365

365

390

450

470

470

500

470

500

730

1,000

1 340

1,600

1,600

1,340

1,340

1 340

i \t\f\

i inn

1,280

1,160

2,850

4 240

3,' 160

3 OArt

2,850

3,160

8,400

Nov.

7,800

6,380

5,590

4,800

3,860

3,490

3,490

3,160

2,850

2,550

2,400

2,320

2,020

1 fdn

1 fifin

1 AAA

1,460

1,460

i 4fin

1 34fl

1,220

1,220

1,100

I

rtA/i

950

815

820

700

620

660

Dec.

560

560

560

560

560

520

520

500

500

500

470

420 4">n

420

A*X\

420

420

420

420

420

420

420

390

360 nftn

3ftfl

340

oon

290

97/1

250

Jan.

250

250

250

250

250

250

270

290

290

oon

320

94.fl

34fl

320

qjn

340

360 °xtn

420

OQA

360

360

390

360

340

320

290

290

270

270

270

Feb.

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

210

210

210

210

210

91 A

210

210

OQA

230

OQA

230

250

270

290

Of>/\

°.Qfl

470

530

Mar.

580

600

540

470

470

470

470

470

470

44fl

420

420

420

420

420

420

420

420

440

MI\

470

470

500

500 ivin

560

560

560

600

780

940

Apr.

1,150

2,100

2,700

4,240

4,440

4,240

4,600

5,100

5,100

4,650

4 240

4!240

4.440

4,600

4,870

5,850

5 850

5,590

5,340

4 S7rt

4,600

4 440

5,' 100

7,210

6,380

6,110

5,340

4 600

3^860

4 

'

240

-

May.

5,340

8,100

6,110

5,100

4,600

4,240

5,340

4.870

4,650

3,860

3,760

3,400

3,160

4,050

5,340

5,100

3,160

3,000

2,800

2,550

1,950

1,950

2,250

1,950

1 950

1 950

1,'950

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,810

June.

1,530

1 650

1,810

1,670

1,160

1,530

1,280

1,400

1,450

1,530

1,280

1,400

2,020

1,950

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,160

1,160

2,250

2,400

2,700

5,000

5,850

2,700

2,850

2,400

2,400

2,250

2,250

July.

2,250

2,250

2,250

2,250

2,100

1,950

2,200

3,320

12,600

9,000

7,500

7,800

9,000

8,000

6 Q3fl

9,300

6,380

5,100

4,650

3,670

4,000

4,240

4,050

3,860 i. don

3,160

3,000

2,900

2,850

2,550

3,000

Aug.

2,650

2,550

2,550

2,200

1,950

2,100

1,950

1,810

1,950

1,810

1,600

1,400

1,280

1,280

1 400

1,400

1,280

1,150

1,050 Ofm

950

860

860

860

QKf)

1,060

1,050

QKfl

860

QKfl

950

Sept.

1,000

1,050

950

770

620

560

560

600

620

690

560

500

560

815

750

620

620

620

815

815

1 4fifl

1,450

1,340

1,280

1,160

1,050

1.100

1^670

1,500

1 400

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by icefrom Dec. 27 to Apr. 3; discharge for this period computed 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Discharge estimated for Sundays (gage not read).

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 80, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,400 

7,800 

560 

420 

530 

940 

7,210 

8,100 

5,850 

12,600 

2,550 

1,670

12,600

Minimum.

290 

560 

250 

250 

210 

420 

1,150 

1,810 

1,160 

1,950 

860 

500

210

Mean.

1,560 

2,350 

431 

315 

263 

507 

4,670 

3,550 

2,080 

4,700 

1,440 

914

1,900

Per

square 

mile.

1.42 

2.14 

.392 

.286 

.239 

.461 

4.25 

3.23 

1.89 

. 4.27 

1.31 

.831

1.73

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.64 

2.39 

.45 

.33 

.25 

.53 

4.74 

3.72 

2.11 

4.92 

1.51 

.93

23.52
PEFOBSCOT RIVER BASI2fT. 25

KATTAWAMKEAO RIVER AT MATTAWAMKEAO, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Maine Central Railroad bridge at village of Mattawamkeag, Penobscot 

County, half a mile above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 1,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 26,1902, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain fastened to railroad bridge; read by W. T. Mincher.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge; low-water measurements made 

by wading at a point about a mile above station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; channel at bridge broken by two 

piers.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.9 feet at 5 p. m. 

April 26 (discharge, 12,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.90 feet at 

7 a. m. October 1 (discharge, 560 second-feet). Minimum discharge estimated as 

340 second-feet on February 7 when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice for several months each winter.

REGULATION. Dams are maintained at outlets of several large lakes and ponds but 

the stored water is used only for log driving.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from log 

jams and, during winter, by ice. Rating curve well defined below 15,000 secondfeet. Gage read to tenths twice daily, except from December 16 to March 28, 

when it was read twice a week. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table and making corrections for effect of ice during 

the winter. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 8 

Mar. 5

on

Apr. 10

Made by 

A. F. McAIary......... ""Idol"!"!!"!!!"."

.....do.................

JSf.

Feet.

a ft Qfl

« 5. 76 

«6.6

o6.7

68.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

657

466 

1.010

1.250

7,300

Date.

May 16

June 22 

July 30

Made by 

. ....do.... ............. 

.....do.................

.....do.............. 

&L

Feet. 

6.63

4.87 

5.07

3.94

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

4,270

1,420 

1,690

575

« Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

6 Stage-discharge relation possibly affected by high stage of Penobscot River.
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, for 

the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

I............

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

g

10............

n.. ..........

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

qi

Oct.

590

730

850

940

895

895

1,080

1,230

i ISA

1,230

1,400

1,690

2,380

3,230

4,000

4,400

4,600

4,400

4,000

4,000

4,810

5,020

4,810

4,600

4,400

4,600

4,810

4,810

4,600

4,400

5,240

Nov.

6,140

6,850

7,100

6,610

6,140

5,240

4,810

4,600

4 400

4', 000

3,610

3,230

2,870

2,530

2,380

2,230

2,090

2,090

1,950

T o>ai

1,820

1 820

1,690

1,510

1,280

1,080

995

940

900

940

Dec.

1,000

1,000

1,000

940

900

900

900

900

1 1 t\ft

940

900

840

800

840

800

700

640

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

600

560

560

540

enn

Jan.

500

540

540

540

540

600

660

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

560

560

560

560

560

KfiA

Feb.

560

560

560

540

470

390

340

470

enn

470

440

420

360

420

540

620

740

740

740

740

780

810

810

810

810

840

840

900

Mar.

940

1,000

1,050

1,050

1,000

1,050

1,050

1,080

1,080

1,150

1,100

1,100

1,050

1,050

1,000

1 000

1^000

940

940

1 000

1,000

1,000

940

940

1 000

1,000

1,050

1,150

1,250

1,250 i 9"ai

Apr.

1,500

1,950

2,500

3,000

3,600

4,400

4,600

4,800

6,100

7,400

8,100

8,640

8,640

8,380

8,380

8,900

9,690

9,960

9,690

9,420

8,640

8,640

9,690

10,800

11,900

12,400

11 900

11,300

10,500

9,960

May.

9,690

10,200

10,500

10,200

9,690

8,900

8,120

7,600

7,100

6,370

6,370

6,140

5,460

4,600

4,400

4,000

4,000

4,000

3,610

3,040

2,700

2,530

2,380

2,230

1,950

1,570

1,510

1,340

1,400

1,400

1 280

June.

1,230

1,340

1,570

1 570

1,510

1,450

1,570

1,820

1,820

1,820

1,820

1,690

1,950

2,230

2,380

2,380

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,510

1,510

1,510

1 570

2,090

2,230

2,090

1,820

1 820

1,690

1,690

July.

1,400

1,230

1,280

1,180

985

940

1,130

2,090

4,200

5,460

5,910

5,460

5,680

5,910

6,370

6,850

6,370

6,140

5,910

5,460

4,810

4,600

4,200

3,800

3,040

2,700

2,380

2,090

1,820

1,690

1,690

Aug.

1,510

1,450

1,340

1,180

1,080

1,080

1,180

1,130

1,080

1,080

1,030

985

1,030

1,080

1,080

1,080

985

895

850

730

655

590

620

655

655

655

620

590

590

590

590

Sept.

590

590

590

590

590

590

620

590

620

730

730

655

690

850

940

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,820

2,380

4,200

5,460

5, 9 JO

5,910

5,460

5,020

4,810

6,370

7,350

7,600

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 28 to Apr. 11; discharge for this period computed 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of five discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records.

Monthly discharge of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,500 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second*feet.

Maximum.

5,240 

7,100 

1,150 

620 

900 

1,250 

12,400 

10,500 

2,380 

6,850 

1,510 

7,600

12,400

Minimum.

590 

900 

500 

540 

340 

940 

1,500 

1,280 

1,230 

940 

590 

590

340

Mean.

3,090 

3,130 

758 

589 

615 

1,050 

7,840 

4,980 

1,750 

3,640 

925 

2,540

2,580

Per 

square 

mile.

2.06 

2.09 

.505 

.393 

.410 

.700 

5.23 

3.32 

1.17 

2.43 

.617 

1.69

1.72

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.38 

2.33 

.58 

.45 

.43 

.81 

5/84 

3.83 

1.30 

2.80 

.71 

1.89

23.35
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN.

PISCATAQTJIS RIVER HEAR FOXCROFT, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge known as Lows Bridge, halfway between Guilford 

and Foxcroft, Piscataquis County, three-fourths of a mile above mouth of Black 

Stream and 3 miles below Mill Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 286 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 17,1902, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Staff attached to left abutment of bridge; read by A. F. D. Harlow.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At medium and high stages made from bridge; at low 

stages made by wading either above or below the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; banks are high and are overflowed 

only during extreme floods.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 7.8 feet 

at 7.30 a. m. October 31 (discharge, 5,310 second feet; a stage of 8.6 feet was 

recorded at 5 p. m. April 3, but the water was probably held back by an ice jam); 

minimum stage recorded, 1.9 feet several times during August and September 

(discharge, 51 second-feet). Minimum discharge estimated as 17 second-feet 

several times during January, when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during some winters.

REGULATION. The stream is used to develop power at several manufacturing plants 

above the station; distribution of flow somewhat affected by operation of wheels.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from log 

jams and by ice during winter. Rating curve well defined between 20 and 4,000 

second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage height to rating table and making corrections for effect 

of ice during the winter. Some uncertainty exists in regard to accuracy of gage 

heights and the effect of diurnal fluctuation. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Tan 14.

Feb. 18 

Mar. 26

Made by 

.....do................ .

Gage

Feet. 

»4.27

a 4. 38

o4.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

180

202 

251

Date.

July 31

Sept. 22 

23

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

&L

Feet.

9 Qd.

3.64 3 no

Discharge.

See,/*.

792 

404

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

IS..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

175

175

175

175

175

260

470

470

470

410

280

280

470

500

640

570

535

410

410

410

640

470

440

305

760

1,150

QOK

1,060

970

1,060

4,830

Nov.

2,430

1.700

1,240

1,020

925

800

800

680

680

640

570

640

680

640

605

605

605

380

380

380

440

440

440

500

570

570

640

640

640

500

Dec.

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

300

 >4n

240

200

200 <>nn

200

200

200

200

200

145

160

64

46

80

an

58

64

72

72

90

Jan.

80

80

90

110

100

90

36

28

80

100

100

64

17

31

22

24

24

19

22

90

72

72

110

145

72

58

17

98

28

40

58

Feb.

58

46

24

19

24

24

24

24

24

24

51

19

46

58

31

28

19

160

4ft

51

200

72

110

31

120

330

145

145

Mar.

560

560

380

380

280

175

200

100

58

120

100

72

72

90

100

100

64

90

110

110

145

145

145

260

360

260

260

260

300

330

500

Apr.

640

1.150

2,400

2,300

2,200

2.300

2,400

2,200

2,210

2,000

1*800

1,700

1,420

1,420

1,700

1,700

2,210

2,210

1,800

1,800

1,700

2,540

2,980

2,980

2,540

2,000

1 800

1,420

1.510

2,100

May.

3,200

4,110

3,200

2,100

1,240

1,240

1,020

720

500

500

500

440

440

380

355

470

720

680

410

680

680

640

640

535

470

440

AAf\

440

380

260

500

June.

355

305

440

380

330

260

90

222

380

440

440

440

330

330

330

380

355

260

260

190

145

145

2,760

760

680

680

605

570

260

305

July.

305

260

222

222

222

190

305

840

2,540

2,000

1,420

1,420

1,330

1,240

1,420

1,330

2,100

1,510

1,330

1,020

840

500

500

500

500

Mft

305

355

380

500

355

Aug.

355

355

240

260

260

240

355

280

240

240

222

222

222

190

190

190

132

64

110

190

160

132

132

90

R4

80

80

72

120

100

51

Sept.

51

72

110

145

145

120

160

100

110

110

90

120

110

160

160

175

175

190

205

440

880

640

470

355

1W

500

2

OOfi

1,600

720

535

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Apr. 8; discharge for this period computed 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

[Drainage area, 286 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year . .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,830 

2,430 

380 

145 

330 

560 

2,980 

4,110 

2,760 

2,540 

355 

2,320

4,830

Mini-mnTn175 

380 

46 

17 

19 

64 

640 

260 

90 

190 

51 

51

17

Mean.

647 

726 

217 

61.6 

69.8 

216 

1,970 

914 

448 

852 

182 

377

557

Per 

square 

mile.

2.26 

2.54 

.759 

.214 

.244 

.755 

6.89 

3.19 

1.57 

2.98 

.636 

1.32

1.95

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.61 

2.83 

.88 

.25 

.25 

.87 

7.69 

3.68 

1.75 

3.44 

.73 

1.47

26.45
PENOBSCOT MVER BASIN. 29

PASSADTTMKEAG RIVER AT LOWELL, MAINE. :'

LOCATION. About 400 feet below dam and highway bridge at Lowell, Penobacot 

County, and 10 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 301 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1915, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Chain and staff gages on left bank; from October 1,1915, to October 1, 1917, 

chain and staff gages on right bank half a mile below the highway bridge; read 

by F. A. Lord. Staff above dam for supplementary use during winter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and somewhat irregular; control about 100 

feet below gage; practically permanent. ,

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.30 feet several 

times during April and May (discharge, 1,490 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 1.40 feet at 8 a. m. August 30 (discharge, 127 second-feet).

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 5.8 feet at 9.30 a. m. April 26, 1917 (discharge, 2,460 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.40 feet at 8 a. m. August 

30, 1918 (discharge, 127 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice from December to April.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow somewhat affected by use of storage reservoirs 

above station. A small dam and mill 400 feet above the gage cause fluctuations 

in stage for a short time each day when mill is in operation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected 

by backwater due to logs on control or to ice. Gage read to half-tenths once 

daily. Rating curve well defined between 90 and 2,000 second-feet. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying gage height to rating table and making corrections for effect of ice during the winter. Records fair.

COOPERATION. Discharge measurements made by engineers employed by T. W. 

Clark, hydraulic engineer, Oldtown, Maine.

Discharge measurements of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 6

24

Nov. 2 

28

Jan. 30 

30

Made by 

Clark and Lancaster. . .

.....do................. 

.....do.................

 ».

Feet. 

1.67

2.18

2.52

2.15

ol.77 

01.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

191

481

749 

436

182 

180

Date.

Mar. 12

Apr. 3

4 

Sept. 18

18

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

ol.S4

2.56

2.70 

1.14

1.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

226

758

843 

94

110

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3... ...........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

o&:::::::::::::

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

178

163

178

178

178

194

212

275

275

300

326

382

478

669

669

669

712

669

588

628

669

513

513

478

513

588

628

fifiQ

628

628

669

Nov.

712

712

712

628

628

628

550

550

550

588

J7Q

478

478 tit

444

444

412

353

300

qeo

353

353

353

382

444

478

513

444

478

444

Dec.

382

382

382

382

353

1S3

353

380

353

350

i<>rt

350

350

330

326

330

326

300

300

300

275

275

275

275

252

230

230

210

210

210

210

Jan.

 ton

IQA

180

ion

ion

IQA

Ifift

1QA

IQA

ion

IQA

ion

IQA

lan

IQA

180

IQA

IQA

ifift

ion

IQA

ion

IQA

i«ft

IQA

IDA

IQA

IDA

IQA

Ifift

Feb.

180

IQA

180

180

IQA

Ifift

180

180 ifin

180

inn

180

180

180

180

180

180

190

210

210

230

230

. 230

250

252

270

270

300

Mar.

300

300

270

270

250

230

230

230

230

230

230

230

230

230

230

230

210

212

212

212

231

231

231

252

252

252

252

252

275

Wl

326

Apr.

382

669

588

845

845

845

845

890

935

980

1,120

1,070

1,070

935

935

980

1,070

1,070

513

513

1,070

1,170

1,330

1,440

1,490

i 440

1,380

1,330

1,070

1,380

May.

1,490

1 4on

1,440

1,380

1,330

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,070

1,020

980

1,020

1,020

980

980

980

1,020

935

935

890

756

800

712

800

800

756

756

756

756

712

712

June.

712

712

669

628

669

628

669

800

760

760

710

670

630

630

630

590

550

510

480

440

410

380

440

510

510

510

510

513

478

478

July.

478

444

478

382

382

353

353

480

550

710

890

840

800

756

756

756

800

756

756

712

669

669

588

513

478

382

326

330

326

300

300

Aug.

275

275

252

252

252

231

252

231

275

252

300

326

275

252

252

252

231

252

231

231

231

212

252

252

178

194

194

194

178

127

138

Sept.

138

149

138

138

138

150

150

178

212

919

212

212

231

275

275

275

275

252

353

382

628

712

760

760

snn

940

980

980

980

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 8,10-14,16; Dec. 26 to Feb. 24; and Feb. 26 to Mar. 

17. Discharge for these periods computed from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three 

discharge measurements and gage heights at dam. Corrections made for operation of gates July 8,28; and 

for log jams June 8-27, July 8-13, and Sept. 24-30.

Monthly discharge of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 301 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

November. ....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

712 

712 

382 

190 

300 

326 

1,490 

1,490 

800 

890 

326 

980

1,490

Minimum.

163 

300 

210 

180 

180 

210 

382 

712 

380 

300 

127 

138

127

Mean.

465 

489 

309 

180 

204 

246 

1,010 

998 

586 

558 

235 

400

474

Per 

square 

mile.

1.54 

1.62 

1.03 

.598 

.678 

.817 

3.36 

3.32 

1.95 

1.85 

.781 

1.33

1.57

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.78 

1.81 

1.19 

.69 

.71 

.94 

3.75 

3.83 

2.18 

2.13 

.90 

1.48

21.39
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 31

KENDUSKEAG STREAM NEAR BANGOR, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Sixmile Falls, 6 miles northwest of Bangor, Penobscot County, and 7 miles below mouth of Black Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 191 square miles. See "Diversions."

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15, 1908, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by Fred Cort.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; channel broken by one pier at 

the bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.7 feet at 7.35 

a. m. April 4 (discharge, 4,370 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.7 feet 

several times in June and September (discharge, 29 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice for several months.

DIVERSIONS. An artificial cut was made for log driving through a low divide between 

Souadabscook Stream and Black Stream, which enters the Kenduskeag about 

7 miles above the gaging station. During high stages of the Souadabscook part 

of its waters finds its way through the artificial cut into the Kenduskeag; at low 

stages of the Souadabscook all the flow continues down its own channel; Black 

Stream probably sends its waters only to the Kenduskeag.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent except when affected by ice. 

Eating curve well defined below 3,600 second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice 

daily during open-water period; three times a week from December 25 to March 

26. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table and making corrections for effect of ice during the winter. Records good 

for ordinary stages.

Discharge measurements of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, during the year

ending Sept, SO, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 24

Feb. 25

Made by 

A. F.McAlary.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a 2. 80

a 2. 98

»4.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

69

CQ

210

Date.

Apr. 1

July 5

Made by 

A. F.McAlary.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a 7. 35

1.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,760

32.7

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

\... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18...............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

76

84

76

84

68

84

91

91

107

115

150

194

265

392

359

250

206

170

159

463

655

538

463

392

1,060

1,750

1,360

1,000

1,120

1,120

1,680

Nov.

1,750

1,480

1,360

890

790

615

538

500

576

392

296

234

206

206

194

206

181

181

234

392

375

427

463

538

Aa*3

538

463

410

343

Dec.

311

265

206

206

181

170

170

150

140

125

115

100

100

100

100

90

90

on

90

90

84

100

76

68

68

68

68

68

68

60

60

Jan.

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

54

si

48

60

68

£Q

68

76

84

90

90

on

84

76

68

fin

fin

60

60

60

60

Feb.

60

60

60

54

48

48

48

54

60fin

60

60

60

68

68

76

on

100

100

115

130

140

160

180 01 n

440

760

820

Mar.

860

760

680

620

540

380

430

380

360

360

340

330

310

330

330

330

330

340

360

360

360

360

330

330

380

Aftf\

800

1,200

1,400

Apr.

1,800

3,000

4,000

4,370

3,930

2,950

2,460

2,370

2,050

1,120

1,540

1,540

1,500

1,200

1,060

1,000

1,000

945

7ift

655

538

son

1 480

l',420

1,180

840

655

538

500

538

May.

790

1,240

1,060

790

538

538

df&

343

375

327

280

343

265

250

234

181

206

170

132

115

107

107

91

91

76

68

61

61

76

61

61

June.

48

48

37

37

37

29

9Q

29

29

' 9Q

29

33

37

OQ

37

OQ

33

33

OQ

33

37

42

68

280

234

150

99

68

61

48

July.

42

37

37

37

37

48

76

181

392

740

1,180

1 480

l',610

1,970

2,950

2,550

2,050

1,000

^Qfi

615

538

638

615

538

392

206

194

206

181

159

140

Aug.

123

99

84

68

61

76

61

76

68

123

159

170

170

181

206

181

159

150

115

84

54

61

76

91

91

76

61

54

42

37

37

Sept.

29

33

37

29

29

33

29

29

33

Q7

42

07

76

140

206

9QA

427

500

538 jnf>

1,480

1,610

1,610

1,610 i AMI

1,480

1,480

1,610

1,180

840

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Apr. 3; discharge for this period computed from 

gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records.

Monthly discharge of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, for the year end.ing Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 191 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May.................. .........................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,750 

1,750 

311 

90 

820 

1,400 

4,370 

1,240 

280 

2,950 

206 

1,610

4,370

Minimum.

68 

181 

60 

48 

48 

310 

500 

61 

29 

37 

37 

29

29

Mean.

472 

518 

119 

65.7 

150 

487 

1,590 

306 

58.7 

694 

99.8 

593

429

Per 

square 

mile.

2.47 

2.71 

.623 

.344 

.780 

2.55 

8.34 

1.60 

.307 

3.63 

.523 

3.10

2.25

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.85 

3.02 

.72 

.40 

.81 

2.94 

9.31 

1.84 

.34 

4.18 

.60 

3.46

30.47
SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I. 33

KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN*.

MOOSEHEAD LAKE AT EAST OUTLET, MAINE.

LOCATION. At wharf at east outlet of lake, 8 miles from Kineo, Piscataquis County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,240 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1,1895, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Staff at end of boat landing; two datums have been used at east outlet; the 

first (or original datum) is 1,011,30 feet above mean sea level and about 10 feet 

below sills of outlet gates; gage is read to this datum; the second, to which all 

gage readings published to and including 1911 have been referred, is 10 feet 

higher; that is, the zero is at the sill of the gates; as it is believed that low water 

may go below the sill of the gates (zero of second datum), gage heights since 1912 

are published as read that is, to original datum.

REGULATION. The lake is regulated to a capacity of 23,735 million cubic feet. The 

dam at the east outlet is controlled by 39 gates, the sills of the gates being at elevations varying from 8.0 feet to 11.4 feet. At extreme low stages the flow from 

the lake is controlled not by the gates but by a bar above the dam at a gage 

height of about 9 feet. The records show only fluctuations in the level of the 

lake and are used in the studies of regulation of the lake and in computing the 

natural flow of the Kennebec at The Forks.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by Hollingsworth & Whitney Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

o

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.............. 

11..............

12.............. 

13..............

14.............. 

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24.............. 

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

15:6

15.5

15.4

15.2

15.15

15.15

"i5~6" 

15.0

14.9

14.9

14.9 

14.9

15.0 'ih'.s"

Nov.

15.55

16.0

16.1

16.1

16.1

16.2 

16.25

16.25

16.2

16.2

16.15

16.1

Dec.

16.0

15.95

15.7

15.8

15.75

15.7

15.5

15.4

15.25

15.1 

15.0

14.9

'u.i"

Jan.

14.6

14.5

14.3

14.2

14.0

13.9 

13.75

13.8

13.6

13.55

"l3'45"

13.25

13.2

Feb.

13.05

12.95'

12.8

12.75

12.65

12.5

"i2'45~

12.3

12.2

19 (\

"ii'6"

12.0

Mar.

11.95

 i.9

11.85

11.75

11.7 "iiies"

"ii.T"

11.6

11.6

11.55

"ii."5"

11.5

11.4

Apr.

11.4

11.5

11.8

12.05

12.45

12.6

"is'o"

13.7

14.1

14.4 

14.7

15.1

May.

15.5

16.4

16.6

16.65

"ie.'g"

"if.T"

17.2

17.3

17.3

"it.Y"

17.3

"lY.'z"

June.

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.05

17.05

17.0

16.9

16.8

16.7

16.8 

16.9

1ft Q

.......

July.

16.75

16.65

16.6

16.6

16.8

17.0

"ii'o"

17-1

17.1

17.0

17.0 

16.9

16.8

"ie.y

Aug.

16.7

16.55

16.5

16.4

.......

16.4

16.25

16.0

15.95

15.8

15.75

15.5

.15.4

15.3

Sept.

15.0

14.9

14.8

14.9

14.5 '"il'.l

14.2

14.1

140

14.5

14.6

498° 21 WSP 471 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

KENNEBEC RIVER AT THE FORKS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At wooden highway bridge, 2,000 feet above mouth of Dead River, at 

The Forks, Somerset County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,570 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 28, 1901, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Chain on bridge, a vertical staff on timber retaining wall on left bank, 75 

feet above bridge, and a Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder on left abutment, 

recorder set to read the same as chain gage at low water, but gives lower readings 

than chain gage at high water; used during summer months only. Chain gage 

read by S. 0. Durgin.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at bridge is subject to slight changes in section; 

control is occasionally affected by backwater from Dead River.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, from water-stage 

recorder, 6.19 feet at 10 a. m. May 2 (discharge, 9,670 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 1.10 feet on August 15, 16, and 17 (discharge, 580 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice for several months.

REGULATION. Flow regulated by storage in Moosehead Lake. During May, June, 

July, and August the operation of Indian Pond for log driving causes a large 

diurnal fluctuation. Records of monthly discharge have been reduced to natural 

flow by adding or subtracting the amount of water stored in or released from 

Moosehead Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from Dead 

River and by ice during the winter. Rating curve fairly well defined, a table 

of relation being used to convert discharge rating for chain gage to a corresponding 

rating for water-stage recorder. Water-stage recorder in operation October 1-12 

and April 25 to September 30; chain gage read to half-tenths once daily. Daily 

discharge when water-stage recorder was in operation determined by use of 

discharge integrator. When water-stage recorder was not in operation, discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table and making corrections for effect of ice during the winter. Records fair for period when waterstage recorder was in operation and poor during remainder of year.

Discharge measurements of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 12

Mar. 19

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«3.80

2.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2

QQA

1,580

Date.

A Tvr 9^

Sept. 27

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

63.20

1.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,100

842

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

6 Gage height affected by backwater from Dead River.
KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN. 35

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

3,000

2

QAA

3,000

3,100

3,000

3,000

3,000

3,300

2,600

2,500

2,500

2,100

2,600

2,600

2,460

2 4 fin

2,200

1,960

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510-

2,080

1 960

1,'960

i Qfin

1,850 

1,740 

3,320

Nov.

3,170

2

OOA

2,330

1,510

1 300

1,100

1,010

1 300

1^960

i Qfin

1 960

l'960

1,960

1,960

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,850

2,330

2 4 fin

2,330

2,460

2,460

2,330

3,170 

3,640

Dec.

3,320

3,320

3,320

3,320

3,320

3 i7n

3,100

3,100

3,000

3,000

2 onn

2,900

2 900

3,000

3

0AA

3,200

3 onn

3 nnn

2,900

2 onn

2 onn

2,700

2 7nn

3,000 

3,000 

3,000

Jan.

9 onn

2 finn

2,600

2

CAA

2

AAA

9 finn

2,600

2,500

2,500

2

CAA

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,600

2 600

S

con

2,500

2,500

2,500

2

0AA

2 onn

2,400

2,400

9 dim

2 firm

2 600

2,500 

2,500 

2,300

Feb.

9 win

2 onn

2,300

2 onn

2 o.nn

2 onn

2 finn

2,600

9 vm

2

enn

1,950

i onn

1,850

1,850

1,800

1,700

1,',700

1 ftfVY

1,400

1,400

i 4^n

i ^nn

i f\^f\

i i^n

Mar.

1,500

1 Ptftfl

1 9^fl

i o^n

1 9Pin

i OKA

1 9^rt

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,400

1,400

1,450

1,500

1,500

1 f\f\f\

i wn

1,550

1,550

1,550

i p^n

i p^n

1,500

1

CAA

1,500

1,500

1,500

i fyvi

1,500 

1,250 

1,250

Apr.

1,100

3 Oftn

2 4nn

2 inn

1 960 i ruiA

1,960

1,960

i ofin

i ofin

i 74n

1,740

1,510

1,960

2 74n

3

QOA

3,320

2,740

2,200

2,460

3

OOn

3,300

2,100

2,000

2 ATIA

1,800 

2,400

May.

°. o.nn

A OCA

3 OKA

3

cnn

1,700

1 800

1,'850

3,700

3,400

3,100

3,400

1,400

3 7nn

3,400

3

QAfl

3 4Aft

4,600

3,550

4,800

3

AEA

5,000

3,800

4,050

3,300

3,300

3,100

2,800

3,200 

1,000 

3,000

June.

S fiSfl

3 7nn

3,400

2 7nn

3,350

3 ofin

S ARA

2,700

2,850

3 4nn

3 Ann

2,950

3,000

s nnn

3,000

2

eefl

2 950

2, 800

3,000

2,850

3,000

1,500

1,000

850

750

3,000

3,000

3,000 

3,050

July.

3 inn

3

onn

3 onn

3

oPin

3,300

2

KCA

2 QAA

3,200

3,650

3

OPLfi

2

CAA

3,400

2,700

3,500

4,200

4 OCA

3,800

3,400

3,550

3,650

3 Ann

3,200

3,200

3 snn

3,200

s nnn

3,000

2

Oftn

3,650 

3,050 

3,200

Aug.

9 onn

2 firm

2,500

3

0AA

3,500

3

0AA

3,100

3^250

3,050

3 nnn

2 700

9'onn

2,750

2,650

2,500

2,700

3,750

2,950

2,700

2,650

S ^w

2,500

2,550

9 onn

3,050

3,000

2,950

2,900

2,800 

2.850 

2,900

Sept.

2 onn

2

onA

2 fiwi

2 650

2*650

9 fiWi

2,650

2,600

2,500

2,450

2 Ann

3,000

2,850

2 snn

2,800

2,800

2,800

2,750

2 finn

2,600

2 EVYI

1,380

1,080

900

800

750

2,100

2,350

2,200 

1,700

NOTE.-;-Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 7 to Mar. 2, Mar. 7-13, and Apr. 2-5; discharge for 

these periods computed from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of two discharge measurements, records of discharge from Moosehead Lake, and weather records.

Monthly discharge ofKennebec River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,570 square miles.]

Month.

April. ...................................................

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Observed.

Mean.

2,340 

2,070 

3,030 

2,520 

1,980 

1,430 

2,300 

3,200 

2,790 

3,280 

2,900 

2,320

2,520

Corrected for storage.

Mean.

1,920 

3,060 

1,360 

630 

550 

730 

6,930 

5,720 

2,170 

3,160 

1,100 

1,580

2,410

Per 

square 

mile.

1.22 

1.95 

.866 

.401 

.350 

.465 

4.42 

3.64 

1.38 

2.01 

.701 

1.01

1.54

Corrected 

run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.41 

2.18 

1.00 

.46 

.36 

.54 

4.93 

4.20 

1.54 

2.32 

;81 

1.13

20.88
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

KENNEBEC RIVER AT WATERVILLE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At dam and mill of Hollingsworth & Whitney Co. at Waterville, Kennebec 

County, 2 miles above Sebasticook River and 3J miles above Messalonskee Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,270 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 22, 1892, to Sept. 30, 1918.

GAGES. Rod gages in pond above dam and in tailrace of mill. A water-stage recorder 

is used to obtain a record of height of water in tailrace and head on the wheels.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Daily discharge values are the sums of the discharge 

through several wheels, through the logway, and over the spillway, as computed 

from one set of observations per day on several gages. When flow is less than 

about 3,500 second-feet all the water is used through the wheels.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not as a rule affected by ice; in most years winter flow 

passes through wheels of mill.

REGULATION. Numerous power plants and much storage above station; results not 

corrected for storage.

ACCURACY. Daily discharge as given is the sum of the discharge through several 

wheels and over the spillway, as determined from one set of observations per 

day on several gages. Owing to the possibility of changes in stage and uncertainties of ratings of the wheels, and the spillway, the determinations may differ 

appreciably from the true mean daily discharge. Therefore the records as 

published can be considered only fair. Errors in determinations for individual 

days are probably compensatory, and may be largely eliminated in the computed mean discharge for a month or a year.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by Hollingsworth & Whitney Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebec River at WatervilU, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Oct.

2,790

5,000

3,920

3,830

2,860

2,970

2,740

2,700

4,440

4,700

4,760

3,950

3,940

3,460

3,190

4,670

3,760

3,380

3,670

5,320

11,100

6,650

6,810

5,080

4,010

4,330

3,710

3,260

3,000

3,930

3,910

Nov.

3,820

3,820

3,970

3,820

3,640

4,690

3,330

3,280

3,230

3,550

3,930

9 Qin

4 030

3^770

3,540

3,300

o o-tn

3,620

2,280

3,580

3,670

3,010

3,260

3,910

7,500

4,240

4,820

4,290

4,680

4,010

Dec.

<w ^ivi

17 200

7' 74ft

6,680

9,610

9 190

9' 630

9, 150

7,720

6,350

7,920

7

OAA

4,700

4,870

S Ivift

3,540

100

4 son

^ 14ft

4,480

4,670

4,660

5,720

6,710

6 QAA

7,130

5,720

4,950

c. 71ft

4,610

2,990

Jan.

4,320

4,180

4 1 en

3 940

3,970

4,730

4 400

4,360

4,610

4,510

4,450

4 OKA

3,920

1,320

5,000

6,510

5,430

5,090

6,060

5,290

3,660

5,370

4 140

4^020

3,640

4,500

4,820

4,060

4,580

4,180

 ;, 080

Feb.

4,020

4,230

4, 930

9 3Oft

4,320

4,000

4,130

3,820

3,870

3,930

2,420

4, 340

3,840

Q QAA

A 920

4,120

A. 4/lrt

2 040

A QQf\

3,700

A QAA

4,340

4,000

4 fttifl

916

4, 840

4 Sftft

3,890

Mar.

S 84.fi

0 OErt

4,110

1,360

4,800

Q OKA

Q Q7A

Q OKA

3,880

4,060

1,190

4 7Qft

4,290

Q QAA

A AKA

3,850

3,950 i P*SA

A QKA

4,220

Q QAn

Q QKA

A Af\(\

4,420

1,870

4,700

5,620

2

e QAA

18,400

Apr.

14,600

14 4/lrt

11,700

10,600

11 800

19 Qflrt

40 900

40^000

37,500

OO QAA

19,100 17 onn

U KAA

12,800

W KAA

14,400

15,100

1 Q KAA

14,900

18,300

20,200

23,500

27,500

30,000

97 9flft

20,500

20,500

19,000

18,200

12,500

May.

17 800

9fl ^nn

OO GAfl

20 200

18,800

16,700

11 400

11,400

id K/in

16,100

19 4ftft

16,600

12,900

13,000

11,100

18,200

9,780

12,900

12,900

16,400

14,600

1Q 4fift

18,700

16,300

15,800

13,700

14,100

17,800

June.

17 400

15^500

13,200

15,200

15,200

11,000

10,500

10 600

14,' 000

11,100

14,800

61,000

76,500

53,800

45,700

42,000

41,000

88,500

78,800

49,600

44 fiftft

41,000

37,400

29,300

27,400

23,700

17,000

13,500

11,900

11,700

July.

14 <W\

14,300

13,300

9

7QA

11,700

10 QAA

12,900

11,500

12,000

10 rtAA

10,800

11 son

12,000

12,000

Q 44fi

12,400

11,900

10,600

10,500

10,700

9,230

10,700

10,300

10,000

4,520

4,030

3,980

3,900

4,020

12,160

Aug.

34,000

19,100

12,200

11 600

10 300

9,230

i; 44ft

5,640

6 430

10,700

12,500

10,700

9,340

7,360

7,410

7,660

8^160

5,980

8,090

8,130

9,850

9,350

8,570

15,000

13,000

3,950

19,700

8,460

8,100

8,470

Sept.

8,160

7,470

7,690

6,970

fi >Uft

5,800

5,810

6,320

4,960

6,890

6,620

4,640

5,230

5,000

4,810

3,510

5,080

4,580

4,790

5,470

^ ISJfl

5,270

4,380

5,460

4,800

4,800

4,860

4,740

4,590

3,250
KENNEBEC RIVER BASIIST. 37

of Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 4,270 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

November .....................................

December. ....................................

April....................:.....................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,100 

7,500 

23,500 

6,510 

4,930 

25,900 

40,900 

23,600 

88,500 

14,500 

34,000 

8,160

88,500

Minimum.

2,700 

2,280 

100 

1,320 

916 

1,190 

10,600 

9,780 

10,500 

3,900 

3,890 

3,250

100

Mean.

4,250 

3,800 

6,830 

4,440 

3,910 

5,910 

19,800 

15,800 

31,400 

10,400 

10,300 

5,470

10,200

Per 

square 

mile.

0.996 

.890 

1.60 

1.04 

.916 

1.38 

4.64 

3.70 

7.35 

2.44 

2.41 

1.28

2.39

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.15 

.99

1.84 

1.20 

.95 

1.59 

5.18 

4.27 

8.20 

2.81 

2.78 

1.43

32.39

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-off 

doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from year 

to year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. ......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9....... 

10.......

11....... 

12.......

13.......

14....... 

15. ......

16....... 

17. ......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22

23.......

24.......

25.......

36.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Oct.

4,760

4,410

4,370

4,260

4,240

3,970

3,570

5,030

4,580 

4,190

4,050 

3,980

4,040 

2,820 

5,340

5,090 

5,100

4,830

4,590

4,600

3,820

4,190

3,910

3,860

3,940

10,100

8,770

8,720

8,020

17,100

Nov.

20,200

14,200

11,500

9,480

7,060

5,690

5,230

4,980

4,260 

5,020

3,440 

5,680

4,260 

4,840 

4,340

4,340 

4,340

3,040

4,610

4,030

3,860

3,860

3,880

4,210

3,480

4 540

3,' 860

3,860

2,000

4,430

Dec.

3,980

3,390

5,300

4,830

4,590

4,710

4,710

4,150

3,160 

4,750

4,130 

3,880

3,880 

3,860 

3,860

2,130 

3,960

3,830

3,830

3,930

3,930

4,000

2,580

3,84ff

2,970

4,110

3,890

3,890

3,520

2,410

3,920

Jan.

3,930

3,890

3,830

3,780

3,820

3,770

3,870

3,980

3,880 

3,880

3,980 

3,880

2,760 

3,930 

3,860

3,880 

3,860

3,860

2,180

1,760

3,100

3,100

4,520

3,780

3,650

3,680

2,060

3,100

3,640

3,350

3,340

Feb.

3,400

3,300

2,340

2,950

3,220

2,880

2,940

2,900

3,020 

443

2,970 

3,360

3,490 

3,670 

3,670

3,780 

2,200

3,620

3,870

3,150

3,830

3,670

3,660

2,630

3,930

3 77n

3,860

3,880

.......

Mar.

3,920

3,950

3,330

4,380

3,900

3,930

3,860

3,860

3,890 

2,590

3,900 

3,610

3,590 

3,160 

3,860

3,910

1,840

3,830

3,810

3,810

3,830

3,900

4,230

5,280

5,550

6

QQA

6,030

6,450

6,110

7,880

5,760

Apr.

12,100

12,700

52,900

32,100

28,200

23,100

18,900

21,600

20,900 

20,900

18,200 

16,100

17,600 

11,500 

13,300

14,700 

17,900

18,600

20,400

15,200

11,800

14,300

17,400

21,100

22,000

19, 200

15,700

16,200

14,800

May.

24,400

33,900

26,600

21,100

19,100

17,400

9,820

16,400

16,400 

12,700

12,800 

11,600

11,800 

10,200 

20,500

16,900 

12,800

12,200

13,600

7,280

9,900

8,770

10,100

8,820

8,820

7,970

8,990

4 460

4^590

4,920

8,990

June.

7,250

6,730

7,340

5,660

5,050

4,130

4,780

4,740

4,600 

6,040

4,750 

4,730

4,620 

4,690 

4,800

4,060 

5,180

4,660

4,040

4,330

4,430

4,240

5,670

11,100

9,070

6,700

4,400

4,000

5,060

4,410

July.

5,930

4,490

4,440

3,910

5,150

4,430

3,320

5,220

4,740 

7,660

10,900 

7,320

7,660 

10,100 

13,100

3,830 

12,100

11,100

8,410

8,410

7,320

8,350

6,970

6,050

6,280

z. ran

4,410

3,020

4,620

4,540

4,530

Aug.

4,450

4,570

4,560

4,460

5,138

4,640

4,680

4,690

4,680 

4,930

5,200 

5,220

4,590 

4,500 

4,600

4,470 

4,510

3,600

5,140

4,410

4,290

3,430

3,640

3,360

2,430

4 660

4*560

A t)A(\

4,060

4,550

4,300

Sept.

2,380

4,330

4,190

4,310

3,820

3,900

3,900

2,850

3,890 

3,500

3,130 

3,870

3,910 

3,910 

3,240

4,130 

3,870

3,880

3,830

4,080

6,630

7,250

6,150

5,540

5,000

4,630

8,210

21,900

12,300

9,730
38

Monthly dit

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

<e of Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1918.

[Drainage area, 4,270 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

March... . ..

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,100 

20,200 

5,300 

4,520 

3,930 

7,880 

52,900 

33,900 

11.100 

13,100 

5,220 

21,900

52,900

'Mini-miim .

2,820 

2,000 

2,130 

1,760 

443 

1.840 

11,500 

4,460 

4,000 

3,020 

2,430 

2,380

443

Mean.

5,370 

5,620 

3,870 

3,550 

3,230 

4,300 

19,100 

13,300 

5,370 

6,560 

4,400 

5,410

6,680

Per 

square 

mile.

1.26 

1.32 

.906 

.831 

.756 

1.01 

4.47 

3.11 

1.26 

1.54 

1.03 

1.27

1.56

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.45 

1.47 

1.04 

.96 

.79 

1.16 

4.99 

3.58 

1.41 

1.78 

1.19 

1.42

21.24

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and run-off 

doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for comparatively little stored water is held over from 

year to year.

DEAD RIVER AT THE FORKS, MAINE.

LOCATION. One-eighth mile above farmhouse of Jeremiah Durgin, 1J miles west of 

The Forks, Somerset County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 878 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 29, 1901, to August 15, 1907; and March 16, 1910, 

to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Staff bolted to large boulder on left bank; read by H. J. Farley.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 700 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed rough; control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.4 feet at 8.30 

a. m. May 30 (discharge, 11,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.2 foot 

on September 12, 13, and 17 (water held back by logging dams, exact discharge 

not determined).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A number of dams on lakes above; used for log driving during May 

and June.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is present. Rating curve well defined above 400 second-feet. Gage read to halftenths twice daily except from December 30 to April 1, when it was read three times 

a week. Some uncertainty in regard to accuracy of gage heights. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, and making 

corrections for effect of ice during the winter. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 3

Feb. 12 

Mar. 19

Made by 

A. F.McAlary... ......

.....do................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

ol.7Q

02.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

308

278 

431

Date.

Sept. 27

28

Made by 

.....do.................

A

Feet. 

2.42

2.92

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

2,620

3,560

<* Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
KESTSTEBEC RIVER BASIN. 39

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5.... ..........

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14. .............

15...... . ..

16..............

17..............

18..............

19............

20............ .

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25............ .

26. .............

27............ .

28. .............

29. .............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

965

665

370

370

415

510

840

720

720

665

610

APf>

720

Qfip;

Q/LA

QAP;

1,100

840

840

720

720

665

610

560

1,100

2,750

2,380

2,200

3,990

6,790

Nov.

6,140

5,530

6,790

2,750

2,290

1,780

1,700

1,540

1 °.QA

1,240

1 240

1^170

1,170

1 3Qfl

1 94A

1,100

1,100

QfiP;

965

QRC

QH9

QAf\

720

720

610

610

610

KCA

K«A

415

Dec.

510

610

610

610

510

510

510

500

500

500

500-

320

320

240

94f>

94f>

94f>

240

94ft

320

o<y\

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

Jan.

320

320

320

320

320

320

370

400

400

400

400

400

Arm

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

280

oon

280

OQA

280

Feb.

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

OQA

oon

280

9Sfi

280

320

V!n

460

Kftft

fifift

720

840

Qftri

1,050

1,150

1,300

1 ^OA

Mar.

1,300

1,250

1,250

1,150

1,100

960

900

840

720

600

560

460

420 *>7A

320

OOA

OOA

370

430

720

840

QfiA

1,050

1,050

1,100

1

QAA

1,550

1 QP»fl

2 ^nn

2,800

4,500

Apr.

6,800

7,130

6,460

5,530

4,970

4,220

3,990

3,990

3,990

4,220

3,550

2,750

2,120

1,780

2,030

2,750

4,220

4,970

4,970

4,710

3,770

3 QQft

5,530

6,140

6,460

6,790

5,830

3,990

6,790

May.

6,140

6,140

5,830

6,140

6,140

5,530

5,240

5,530

5,830

5,240

6,140

5,530

5,240

4,460

3,990

3,770

3,550

3,140

2,290

2,200

1,940

1,700

1,390

1,390

1,170

1,100

1,100

1 240

I'lOO

4,710

965

June.

965

840

720

560

462

370

257

200

160

160

160

160

224

308

397

510

415

415

343

325

325

iff)

780

2,030

1,700

1,540

1,540

1,540

1,540

1,460

July.

1,030

780

560

325

240

160

200

370

720

1,030

1,240

1,390

1,540

1,320

1,100

965

902

840

720

720

610

510

370

240

160

160

160

100

100

75

Aug.

50

50

50

75

50

50

50

50

75

100

50

50

50

130

240

224

160

160

100

100

100

100

100

90

50

462

415

iff)

370

415

370

Sept.

462

462

462

462

415

370

415

415

415

370

840

1 700

1^620

902

665

560

1,780

3,140

2,560

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 8 to Apr. 1; discharge for this period computed 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's reports, 

and weather records. Discharge estimated as averaging 75 second-feet Sept. 11-19; water held back by 

logging dams. (Some uncertainty in regard to accuracy of gage heights during this period.)

Monthly discharge of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 878 square miles.]

Month.

March __ .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,790 

6,790 

610 

400 

1,300 

4,500 

7,130 

6,140 

2,030 

1,540 

462 

3,340

7 13fl

Minimum.

370 

415 

240 

280 

280 

320 

1,780 

965 

160 

75 

50

Mean.

1,230 

1,630 

380 

364 

502 

1,090 

4,690 

3,740 

696 

621 

155 

742

1,320

Per

square 

mile.

1.41 

1.86 

.433 

.415 

.572 

1.24 

5.34 

4.26 

.793 

.707 

.177 

.845

1.50

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.63 

2.08 

.50 

.48 

.60 

1.43 

5.96 

4.91 

.88 

.82 

.20 

.94

20.43

SEBASTICOOK RIVER AT PITTSFIELD, MAINE.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge just above Maine Central Railroad bridge in

Pittsfield, Somerset County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 320 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 27,1908, to September 30, 1918.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

GAGE. Chain attached to highway bridge; read by C. D. Morrill.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; banks high and rocky and not 

subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.72 feet at 2.35 

p. m. April 8 (discharge, 2,840 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.38 feet at 

3.10 p. m. February 23 (discharge, 69 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice, as the rapid fall and the 

proximity of the power plant immediately above station tend to keep river open.

REGULATION. About 800 feet upstream from the station is the dam of the American 

Woolen Co. (Pioneer mills) and the Smith Textile Co.; and about half a mile 

farther upstream is the dam of the American Woolen Co.'s Waverly mill; the 

storage of water at these dams causes diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation has apparently changed slightly at times. 

Rating curve well defined between 70 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to halftenths twice daily from October 1 to February 1, and to hundredths from February 2 to September 30. Owing to lack of exact information in regard to the stage 

at night when the mills are shut down, determinations of mean daily discharge 

are not published.

The following discharge measurement was made by A. F. McAlary: 

November 30,1917: Gage height, 3.64 feet; discharge, 551 second-feet.

Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sebasticook River at Pittsfeld, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6...-. .........

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

1t

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

32..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

0

A.M.

331

331

331

331

331

250

180

250

331

331

331

270

310

232

250

331

289

310

331

180

197

289

310

310

289

310

331

475

475

815

3t.

P.M.

376

376

354

331

250

197

331

354

376

354

376

oqo

214

310

354

354

354

376

sm

180

331

376

376

331

3

KA

9.Q1

400

47K

475

1,160

Nc

A.M.

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,210

1,160

1,050

1,320

1,160

815

657

475

KAO

475

475

475

475

331

424

<W1

331 oq-i

376

530

475

424

)V.

P.M.

1,320

1,380

1,320

1,320

1,210

1,380

1,210

1,210

475

KQA

590

con

530

502

47 c

354 <W1

475

494

4ftH

376 qqi

4ftft

475

eno

47*=;

VPiA

D

A.M.

376

450

560

475

424

376

376

331

400

400

450

424

502

214

91 d

400

400

376

354

1U

354

214

331

180

331

354

400

400

214

657

30.

P.M.

424

450

560

502

400

376

400

376

354

400

450

400

450

475

214

214

400

400

354

354

331

376

214

354

180

354

376

376

376

250

530

Ja

A.M.

376

376

424

376

400

250

376

376

376

376

400

376

148

n.

P.M.

331

376

331

331

376

250

354

376

376

376

376

180

Fe

A.M.

331

400

475

475

657

376

340

475

200

542

297

297

289

331

434

170

367

376

354

386

424

354

197

400

367

331

367

b.

P. M.

158

218

376

376

331

542

336

197

145

376

400

372

376

336

154

145

354

344

331

354

354

69

148

331

354

331

331

M<

A. M

376

310

154

340

331

372

376

414

386

174

434

424

386

376

376

400

142

340

367

354

340

354

354

133

340

367

405

400

390

424

465

Jr.

P.M.

376

154

145

372

331

354

386

400

164

180

400

376

400

340

344

142

142

331

340

331

331

331

104

133

331

340

390

386

386

310

578
ANDBOSCOGGIN BIVEB BASIN. 41

Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sebasticook River at Pittsjield, Maine, for the year 

ending Sept. SO, 1918 Continued.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4.... ..........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

A]

A. M.

1,000

1,470

2,160

2.810

2,810

2,740

2,680

2,810

2,680

2,620

2,420

2,030

2,060

2,100

1,970

2,030

1,910

1,670

1,490

1,670

1,910

2,010

2,100

1,890

1,670

1,320

1,430

1,320

X.

P.M.

1,050

1,550

2,680

2.780

2,810

2,550

2,680

2,840

2,740

2,740

2,550

2,480

2,100

2,030

2,060

2,030

1,970

1,970

1,850

1,550

1,490

1,670

1,890

2,030

1,970

1,730

1,470

1,380

1,380

1,300

M£

A. M.

1,490

1 910

2,010

1,850

1,670

1,610

1 160

717

952

887

833

644

765

774

694

644

590

560

354

542

530

530

519

502

486

270

486

475

492

270

519

*y.

P.M.

1,550

1,910

1,910

1,610

1,550

1,490

1,050

774

952

815

624

644

732

757

694

603

578

376

354

530

502

486

480

475

289

270

480

475

475

270

465

Jui

A. M.

475

243

486

475

450

414

450

344

281

439

 439

434

414

424

376

164

424

400

376

400

376

376

250

450

424

465

475

444

439

258

ae.

P.M.

250

243

465

450

400

354

390

232

289

400

376

400

400

376

250

174

424

376

367

376

367

154

232

450

434

450

465

424

262

250

Ja

A.M.

414

424

450

289

424

281

465

530

542

590

624

657

560

1,250

1,260

1,160

1,100

1,100

1,050

860

952

765

732

657

644

590

400

560

502

475

iy.

P.M.

400

414

424

281

414

258

289

480

492

530

560

624

530

590

1,210

1,210

1 lift

1,160

1,120

924

815

815

694

694

624

578

376

400

530

450

434

Ai

A. M.

465

450

424

214

450

450

434

450

450

424

197

386

450

424

414

424

424

180

424

424

400

414

400

395

180

180

232

118

164

118

112

IgP.M.

424

414

197

214

424

414

400

148

190

400

424

400

386

414

187

190

414

400

376

386

376

148

180

180

124

164

124

118

104

Se]

A. M.

118

118

354

400

400

386

354

104

354

400

414

400

414

400

96

354

381

376

386

400

439

492

475

530

519

502

694

732

548

603

3t.

P.M.

118

164

354

367

376

376

133

104

331

376

376

354

367

145

96

331

376

367

354

386

530

450

530

486

475

475

774

560

502

590

NOTE. Times of gage height readings varied from 6 to 10 a. m. and from noon to 6 p. m. One or more 

of the mills above the gage were in operation 24 hours a day, except Sundays, during greater part of the 

time from October, 1916, to September, 1918.

ANDROSCOGGIN BIVEB BASIN. 

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT ERROL DAM, N. H.

LOCATION. At Errol dam, 1 mile above Errol, Coos County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,095 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1,1905, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Movable rod gage; readings taken daily from sill of deep gate No. 6; elevation of zero of gage or sill of gate, 1,231.3 feet above mean sea level.

DISCHARGE. Computed from discharge through 14 gates in the dam by means of 

coefficients determined from a few discharge measurements. 1

ICE. Stage-discharge relation little affected by ice.

REGULATION. Errol dam regulates the storage of TJmbagog Lake, the lower of the 

Rangeley series of lakes, comprising the principal storage of Androsocoggin River 

and amounting to nearly 20 billion cubic feet, and also a recently developed 

storage site on Magalloway River created by .the Aziscohos dam, which amounts 

to about 9.6 billion cubic feet, thus making the total storage about 29.6 billion 

cubic feet. Errol dam is about 5 miles below outlet of Umbagog Lake and about 

3. 5 miles below mouth of Magalloway River, thus making this stream one of the 

feeders of Umbagog Lake. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Records obtained and computations of daily discharge made under 

direction of Walter H. Sawyer, agent for Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, 

Maine.

i See U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 321, p. 61.
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,930

1,940

1,920

1,720

1,690

1,870

1,890

1,900

1,890

1,920

2,010

1,900

1,980

1,710

1.930

1,990

1 860

1*790

1,750

1,800

1,800

1,770

1,800

1 600

1 790

1*890

1,990

(«)

Nov.

803

1 490

1*,660

1,610

1,560

1,560

1,630

1,«20

1,560

1,540

1,520

1,580

1 940

2', 160

2,150

2,150

2,070

2,130

2,360

2,280

2,200

2,120

2,030

2,130

2,290

2,260

2 91ft

2,560

2,370 

2,370

Dee.

2,270

2

oen

2,410

2,990

2

01ft

2,200

2,110

2,100

2,300

2,220

2,270

2,120

2,020

2

AOA

2,100

2,130

2,030

1,980

1,810

1,730

2,210

1,980

2,020

2,000

2 040

2

flcA

2,000 

2,060

2,040

Jan.

2,050

2,100

2,100

2,050

2,000

1,830

1,920

1,970

1,970

I QftA

1,970

1,900

1 880

l',900

1,810

1,950

2,030

1 840

2*080

1*940

2,160

2,140

2,120

2,140

2,160

2,180

2,180

2,090

2,020 IQon

1,960

Feb.

2,000

2,030

1.980

1,910

1,910

1,850

1,880

1,910

1,980

2,000

1 990

1*990

1 (HO

1,960

1 960

2,000

2,050

2,160

2,240

2,400

2,430

2,430

2,190

2,020

1,900

1,800

1 790

1*910

Mar.

1,970

2,140

2,240

2,160

2,110

2,130

2,150

2,180

2,200

2,290

2,480

2,34i

2,200

2,070

2,070

2,070

2,010

1,940

2,010

2,010

1,970

1,950

2,010

2,060

2,060

2,090

2,090 

2,090

1,980

Apr.

1,950

2,070

2,160

2,200

2,230

2,030

1,940

1,940

1,980

1,980

1,940

1,940

1,740

1,450

1,340

1.410

1,690

1,900

2,010

2,050

1,990

2,070

2,080

2,130

2,170

2,170

2,180

2,180

2,280 

2,370

May.

2,500

2,470

2,350

2,120

1,960

1,940

1 940

1J870

1,770

1,170

830

1,530

1,690

894

896

900

896

818

1,230

1,560

1,530

1 500

1,500

990

909

1,630

1,600

1,500

1,480 

1,080

1,080

June.

1,120

1,180

1,520

1,530

1,520

1,480

1,340

1,290

1,460

1,560

1,680

1,760

1,590

1,400

1,590

1,680

1,660

1,770

1,810

1,790

1,790

1,320

1,100

1,120

1,140

1,130

1,260

1,540

1,540 

1,720

July.

1,540

1,630

1,650

1,820

1,940

1,870

1,650

1,600

1,630

1,810

1,920

1,830

1,680

1,230

1,180

1,370

1,580

1,630

1,720

1,840

1,820

1,770

1,800

1,950

2,140

2,170

2,180

2,180

2,130 

2,060

2,050

Aug.

2,140

2,190

2,190

2,180

2,180

2,190

2,160

1,980

1,460

1,030

1,390

1,760

1,910

2,090

2,160

2,140

2,140

2,140

2,140

2,050

2,080

2,130

2,130

2,130

2,120

2,000

1,790

1,760

1,760 

1,770

1,770

Sept.

1,760

1,820

1 930

1*930

1,920

1,950

2,010

1,950

1,950

1,780

1,870

1,870

1,950

1,540

1,900

2,020

1,980

1,540

1,420

1,400

(«)

835

1,350

485

622

329

55

197

374 

915

<* Mills shut down; water held back by dams.

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,095 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

December. ....................................

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

June... ........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,010 

2,560 

2,990 

2,180 

2,430 

2,480 

2,370 

2,500 

1,810 

2,180 

2,190 

2,020

2,990

Minimum.

(a) 

803 

1,730 

, 1, 810 

1,790 

1,950 

1,340 

818 

1,100 

1,180 

1,030 

(«)

(a)

Mean.

1,770 

1,930 

2,140 

2,010 

2,020 

2,110 

1,990 

1,490 

1,480 

1,790 

1,970 

1,390

1,840

Per 

square 

mile.

1.62 

1.76 

1.95 

1.83 

1.84 

1,93 

1.82 

1.36 

1.35 

1.63 

1.80 

1.27

1.68

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.87 

1.96 

2^25 

2.11 

1.92 

2.22 

2.03 

1.57 

1.51 

1.88 

2.08 

1.42

22.82

a Mills shut down; water held back by dams.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do 

not represent the natural run-off from the basin because of storage. (See "Regulation.")
ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN. 43

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT BERLIN, N. H.

LOCATION. At the upper or sawmill dam of the Berlin Mills Co. at Berlin, Coos 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1913, to September 30,1918.

GAGES. Fixed gages are maintained in the river above the f orebay racks and in the 

tailrace immediately below the outlet of the wheels; these gages are referred to 

the same datum, and the differences in the readings give the head on the wheels; 

a gage is also attached to each wheel gate, from which the wheel-gate opening 

can be ascertained. »

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Discharge computed from curves prepared from 

Holyoke tests of the wheel runners, using the head and gate openings as ascertained from the gages. Quantity of water wasted over the dam is computed by 

the Francis formula for discharge over weirs.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Under the agreement between the power users on Androscoggin 

River, the flow at Berlin, N. H., is maintained at a minimum of 1,550 secondfeet and at such a point above 1,550 second-feet as is consistent with the constant maintenance of that quantity. Final regulation of the river is made at 

Pontocook dam, N. H., above which is a pond containing about a day's supply; 

the primary regulation is made at Errol, N. H., about 30 miles above Berlin.

COOPERATION. Gages are under the direction of George P. Abbott, of the Berlin 

Mills Co., and discharge record is furnished for publication by Walter H. Sawyer, 

agent for Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Maine.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofAndroscoggin River at Berlin, N. 3., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1....... .......

2. .......... ...

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..........'....

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.,...--.......

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

SI..............

Oct.

2,000

1,800

1,700

1,800

1 Qftft

1,800

2 nnn

2,000

2,100

2 1 AA

2,100

2,100

1,800

1,800 i onn

2,100

2 1AA

2 1AA

2 1AA

2,100

2,100

1 800

1 QAA

1

QAA

2 9AA

2,100

2,100

2 100

2*400 

3,600 

6,300

Nov.

4,000

3,000

3,000

3,000

3,200

2,700

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,300

2.300

2,000

1,900

2,100

2,100

2,200

2,300

2,300

2,300

2 4fm

2,600

2,500

2,400

2,300

2

OAA

2,200

2,200

2,300

2,300 

2,300

Dec.

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,400

2,700

2,600

2,500

2,400

2,300

2,300

2,400

2,400

2,500

2,300

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,400

2 400

2^400

2,300

2,300

2,200

2,200

(0)

2,200

2,100

2

QAA

2,200 

2,200 

2,200

Jan.

2,300

2,200

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,100

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,100

2,000

2,100

2,200

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,300

2,300

2 QAA

2,300

2,300

9 snn

2,400 

2,200 

2,000

Feb.

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,100

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,900

1

QAA

2,000

2,100

1,900

1,900

2 Aftn

1,800

1 RAA

1,900

2 1AA

2,300

2

/IAA

2 4AA

2 1AA

2,100

2

0AA

2,100

2,100

2

AAA

Mar.

2,000

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,100

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,000

2,000

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,200

2,100

2,000

2 AftA

2,100

2

Aftf|

2 AftA

2

1AA

2,200

2 inn

2 AftA

2,100

2,200

2,200

2 OAft

2,300 

2,300 

2,300

Apr.

2,400

3,200

3,800

3,500

3,300

2,600

2,400

3,000

2,900

2 om

2,900

2,600

2,600

2,800

2 fiftft

2,600

2

QAA

2,900

2,600

2 600

2 QAA

2 ont>

3 1 AA

3,300

3

AAA

2 QAA

3

AAA

3,300 

3,200

May.

3,700

3,900

3,500

3,500

3,200

3,000

2,900

2,900

2,900

2,200

2,200

2,300

2,300

2,700

2,700

2,000

2,000

1,900

1,900

2,000

1,900

2,000

2,000

1,900

1 900

2,000

2,000

1 Q<Vl

1,950 

1,900 

1,950

June.

1,950

2,000

2,000

1,950

2,000

1,900

1,950

2,000

2,200

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,850

1,850

1

0KA

1,950

1

QCA

2 000

1,950

1,950

1,950

11,950

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,950

1 Qf^A

1,950 

2,000

July.

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,950

1,950

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,950

2,100

2,000

2,000

1,990

1,990

1,990

1,950

2,000

1,800

1,900

1,900 i ojsn.

1,900

1,900 i onn

1,950 

1,900 

1,900

Aug.

1,950

1,900

1,900

1,950

1,900

1,950

1,900

1,950

2,400

2,200

2,000

1,950

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,900

1,850

1,860

1,900

1,920

1,900

1,700

1,620

1,620

1,650 

1,650 

1,650

Sept.

1,650

1,650

1 ft^A

1,650

1,620

1,620

1

ont\

1,650

1,650

1 fan

1,630

1,650

1,650

1,650

1,620

1 600 I'eso

1,650

1,570

1 VV\

2

AA/\

1 QArt

1,650

1,600

1,650

1,680

1,850

1,650

1,600 

1,600

Mills shut down; water held back by dams.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,350 square miles.]

Month.

March... .

April...........................................

May.............. .............................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,300 

4,000 

2,700 

2,400 

2,400 

2,300 

3,800 

3,900 

2,200 

2,100 

2,400 

2,000

6,300

Minimum.

1,700 

1,900

(a) 

2,000 

1,800 

1,900 

2,400 

1,900 

1,850 

1,800 

1,620 

1,570

00

Mean.

2,190 

2,450 

2,220 

2,210 

2,020 

2,100 

2,920 

2,420 

1,960 

1,930 

1,890 

1,670

2,170

Per 

square 

mile.

1.62 

1.81 

1.67 

1.64 

1.50 

1.56 

2.16 

1.79 

1.45 

1.43 

1.40 

1.24

1.61

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.87 

2.02 

1.92 

1.89 

1.56 

1.80 

2.41 

2.06 

1.62 

1.65 

1.61 

1.38

21.79

o Mills shut down; water held back by dams.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches do not 

represent the natural run-off from the basin because of storage. (See' 'Regulation.")

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT RUMFORD, MAINE.

LOCATION. At two dams of Rumford Falls Power Co. at Rumford.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,090 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 18, 1892, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. One in pond above each dam and in tailraces of power station and mills.

DISCHARGE. Computed from discharge over the dam by use of the Francis weir 

formula with modified coefficient, and the quantities passing through the various 

wheels of the power station and mills, which have been carefully rated.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation little affected by ice.

REGULATION. Storage in Rangeley system of lakes at headwaters of Androscoggin 

River aggregates about 29.6 billion cubic feet. The stored water is regulated in 

the interests of the water-power users above and below. Results not corrected 

for storage.

COOPERATION. Records obtained and computations made by Mr. Charles A. Mixer, 

engineer, Rumford Falls Power Co.
ANDROSCOGGIN EIVEE BASIN. 45

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Rumford, Maine^ for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24......... ....

25..............

26......... ...

27..............

28..............

29......... ....

30.............. 

31.......

Oct.

2,440

2,360

2,360

2,480

2,530

2,640

1,920

2,610

2,600

2,550

2,540

2,510

2,640

2,640

2' 490

2,640

2 t£f\

2,540

2,560

9 Xff\

1,970

2 4<in

2,490

2,350

4,730

3/860

3,080

3 040

3' 780

8,320 

15,210

Nov.

7,650

4,660

4,010

3,030

3,320

3,260

3,050

2,780

2

c&n

S fiso

2,000

2,670

2,620

2,630

2

7qn

2,920

2

Q7A

2,470

3,030

2 OCA

2,960

3,000

2 (¥tft

2,870

2,110

2 inn

2,020

O QCA

2 640

2' 780

Dec.

2,690

2,450

2,710

2,740

2,900

2,860

2,670

2,500

1,930

2,550

2,520

2,500

2 fi40

2,530

2

AQf\

2 71ft

2530

2,620

2,650

2 AQO

2 7fifl

2,610

2

KAf\

2,180

o AAA

2,450

2,420

O QQA

2,370

2,540 

2,280

Jan.

2,330

2,370

2,430

2 440

2,430

2,160

2,370

2,360

2.330

2,390

2,330

2

qoA

2,430

2,310

2 qoft

2,320

2

o-|A

2,630

2,570

2,320

2 9 VI

2 240

2*460

2

R/JA

2,520

O KAf\

2 460

2

'oQft

2 460

2^520 

2,400

Feb.

2,360

2,280

2,390

2,290

2,210

1,990

1,880

1,870

1,880

1,970

2,060

2,290

2,400

2,400

2,350

2,480

2 fi7rt

2,590

2,510

2

GRA

2,990

3,030

3,140

3,250

O Q3A

2

cfiA

3,220

3,210

.......

Mar.

2,950

2,840

2,640

2,830

2 830

2,850

2,740

2,750

2 77(1

2 'VWI

2 710

2 7<>n

2,770

2,760

2

77A

2,730

2,300

2 ?nn

2,720

S

lAfk

2 S3fl

3

ertA

3,970

3,430

3,790

3,920

3,690

3,620

3,820

4,390 

5,280

Apr.

7,290

10,570

12,430

9,910

7,360

6,330

5,640

6,510

6,300

6,110

5,580

5,180

4,720

4,160

4,990

6,540

6,730

7 060

5' 600

4,600

4,360

S

oon

6,650

7 9QO

6,410

5,380

5,370

5,300

6,210

9,280

May.

11,180

9,730

7,410

6,600

5,130

4,890

5,350

5,290

4,800

4,210

5,310

4,050

3,960

6,020

5,670

4,570

3,820

3.640

2 830

3,140

3,100

3 Q7A

2

Q1A

2 ft3fl

2 440

1,950

2,600

2,680

2

CQA

2,580 

2,470

June.

2,560

2,200

2,550

2,480

2,540

2,460

2,560

2,920

2,320

2,530

2,670

2,500

2,560

2,510

2,560

1,950

2,390

2,520

2,490

2,420

2,460 3 "am

5,920

3,440

9 <WO

2,720

2,650

2,610

2,930

1,990

July.

2,600

2,560

2,530

1,910

2,430

2,560

1,990

2,770

2,740

2 son

2,770 9 Ton

2,810

3,320

3,360

2,850

9 7W

2,850

2,690

2 RWI

1,790

2,480

2,330

2,000

2 17O

2,120

2 190

2,100

2,360

2,530 

2,540

Aug.

2,470

2,510

2 440

1*920

2,450

2,54*0

2,580

2,600

3,730

4,350

2,960

2,730

2,550

2,550

2,570

2,580

2,550

2,110

2,500

2,520

2,500

2,330

2,340

2,410

1,830

2,290

2,260

O ACf|

2,120

2,090 

2,070

Sept.

1 4QO

1,600

2 *110

2,230

2,100

2,060

1,810

2,070

2,110

2,050

2,020

2,200

2,590

1,720

2,100

2

-IOA

2,240

2,480

2

COA

A. isfi

3 7A/1

2 7ftrt

2,560

S fififi

3,280

11 240

6)750

3,830

3,130

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Rumford, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 2,090 square miles.]

Month.

October.............................. ... ....

November............ . .

December.......................... . . ....

January.......... .

March.... ...

April............................... ..... ....

May...........................................

June................... . .

July...........................................

August. .......................................

September......................... . .

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

15,210 

7,650 

2,900 

2,630 

3,250 

5,280 

12,430 

11,180 

5,920 

3,360 

4,350 

11,240

15,210

Minimum.

1,920 

2,000 

1,930 

2,160 

1,870 

2,300 

4,160 

1*950 

1,950 

1,790 

1,830 

1,490

1,490

Mean.

3,270 

2,990 

2,530 

2,390 

2,500 

3,130 

6,520 

4,430 

2,700 

2,530 

2,500 

2,860

3,200

Per 

square 

mile.

1.56 

1.43 

1.21 

1.14 

1.20 

1.50 

3.12 

2.12 

1.29 

1.21 

1.20 

1.37

1.53

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.80 

1.60 

1.40 

1.31 

1.25 

1.73 

3.48 

2.44 

1.44 

1.40 

1.38 

1.53

20.76

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches do not 

represent the natural run-off from the basin because of storage. (See "Regulation.") The indicated 

minimum discharge usually occurs on Sundays when water is held back by dams.

MAGALLOWAY RIVER AT AZISCOHOS DAM, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Aziscohos dam, Oxford County, 15 miles above mouth. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 215 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Jamiary 1,1912, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Vertical staff in two sections, the lower attached to one of the concrete buttresses of the dam and the upper on the concrete gate tower.
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Discharge determined from readings of gate openings. Gates have been rated by current-meter measurements at a station about a 

mile below the dam.

REGULATION. The storage of about 9,593 million cubic feet is completely regulated, 

and the discharge corresponds to requirements of water users below. The operation of the gates is planned to maintain as nearly as possible a constant flow at 

Berlin, N. H. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Discharge computed and furnished for publication by Walter H. 

Sawyer, agent Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Maine.

Monthly discharge of Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918, 

[Drainage area, 215 square miles.]

Month.

October. ..................

November....................... ... ..

December........................... . ...

January................................. ....

February. .....................................

March.........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September ....................................

The year. ....................... . .

Discharge in seeond-feet.

Maximum.

1,720 

/.560 

2,200 

2,050 

1,680 

619 

77 

1,030 

1,240 

167 

1,100 

259

2,200

Minimum.

90 

92 

1,490 

1,440 

46 

49 

58 

79 

88 

147 

161 

154

46

Mean.

596 

349 

1,790 

1,680 

757 

124 

69 

180 

535 

153 

272 

177

558

Per 

square 

mile.

2.77 

1.62 

8.33 

7.81 

3.52 

.577 

.321 

.837 

2.49 

.712 

1.27 

.823

2.60

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.19 

1.81 

9.60 

9.00 

3.66 

.67 

.36 

.96 

2.78 

.82 

1.46 

.92

35.23

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do 

not represent the natural run-off from the basin because of storage. (See Regulation.)

LITTLE ANDROSCOGGHT RIVER NEAR SOUTH PARIS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At left end of old dam at Bisco Falls, 200 feet below highway bridge and

5J miles above South Paris, Oxford County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 75 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 14, 1913, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Chain on left bank installed April 16,1914; original gage, a vertical staff, was

destroyed by ice March 2, 1914; from March 18 to April 9, 1914, a chain gage on a

footbridge was used; all gages referred to same datum and at practically the

same place. Gage read by G. A. Jackson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At low and medium stages water flows through opening at

left of old stone dam; opening was enlarged by high water of April 9, 1914;

water flows over dam at gage height 5.30 feet. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.3 feet at 5 p. m.

September 26 (discharge, 1,970 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.16 feet

at 8 p. m. August 4 (discharge, 8 second-feet). 

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 9.3 feet at 7 a. m. July 9, 1915 (discharge,

2,970 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.7 foot at 6 p. m. August 16 (discharge, 1 second-foot). 

ICE. Control remains open throughout the winter; stage-discharge relatien not

affected by ice. 

REGULATION. Storage at Snows Falls, 1£ miles above the station, and at West Paris,

4 miles above, has some effect on regimen of stream. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed at the time of high water April 9, 1914;

otherwise practically permanent. Rating curve well defined below 700 second-
AFDROSCOGGm EIVEE BASIN. 47

feet and fairly well defined between 700 and 1,800 second-feet. Gage read to 

tenths once daily. Daily discharges ascertained by applying daily gage height 

to rating table. Records good except for times of sudden changes in stage, 

when the number of gage readings is insufficient to determine accurately the 

mean daily flow.

No discharge measurements were made during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

37

30

26

26

29

76

54

68

100

47

54

47

61

92

80

61

54

47

54

47

34

50

50

47

179

108

76

124

124

140

426

Nov.

219

140

124

112

92

84

68

64

64

54

47

58

54

47

54

47

54

40

54

47

47

47

54

54

54

47

54

50

47

47

Dec.

54

50

50

47

54

50

40

34

47

54

50

40

40

47

47

34

34

37

37

34

34

29

34

37

32

34

34

24

24

24

24

Jan.

24

24

24

30

30

34

29

24

32

26

26

29

34

32

34

40

37

34

32

29

29

32

34

32

24

26

26

24

24

24

26

Feb.

26

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

34

24

26

24

29

26

92

159

149

Mar.

132

132

108

112

108

100

92

92

96

76

76

76

72

68

68

72

61

68

72

100

104

159

169

179

189

219

259

259

303

325

411

Apr.

558

1.080

1,080

760

442

458

442

442

411

372

325

303

325

348

348

325

336

325

360

360

384

426

372

325

259

249

239

219

303

426

May.

650

468

325

303

259

249

259

219

219

199

239

219

169

270

249

219

219

199

199

189

124

100

100

76

76

84

92

92

92

100

100

June.

100

100

92

92

76

68

100

92

92

100

100

92

92

76

68

34

34

40

34

24

24

535

585

303

219

140

108

76

68

47

July.

54

47

47

40

34

34

116

124

140

124

116

124

140

149

140

124

76

76

47

47

40

47

40

29

24

29

24

29

24

24

20

Aug.

14

13

11

8

47

47

47

54

373

325

189

124

124

314

458

281

124

100

84

68

68

54

47

34

24

29

24

18

14

13

11

Sept.

11

13

13

29

24

24

29

24

24

18

20

20

34

34

29

24

24

18

384

270

270

219

199

219

270

1,970 7fin

512

- 336

303

NOTE. Discharge estimated Oct. 2, Dec. 30 to Jan. 5, and Feb. 3-19; consideratipn being given to temperature and rainfall data.

Monthly discharge of Little Androscpggin River near South Paris, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 75 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

426 

219 

54 

40 

159 

411 

1,080 

650 

585 

149 

468 

1,970

1,970

Minimum.

26 

40 

24 

24 

24 

61 

219 

76 

24 

20 

8 

11

8

Mean.

79.0 

67.5 

39.0 

29.2 

38.4 

141 

420 

205 

120 

 8.7 

101 

204

126

Per 

square 

mile.

1.05 

.900 

.520 

.389 

.512 

1.88 

5.60 

2.73 

1.60 

.916 

1.35 

2.72

1.68

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.21 

1.00 

.60 

.46 

.53 

2.17 

6.25 

3.15 

1.78 

1.06 

1.56 

3.04

22.80
48 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

PRESTTMPSCOT RIVER BASIN. 

PRESTTMPSCOT RIVER AT OUTLET OF SEBA6O T.ATnr., MAINE.

LOCATION. At outlet dam at Sebago Lake and hydroelectric plant at Eel Weir Falls, 

1 mile below lake outlet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 436 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1887, to September 30, 1918. All data from 1887 

to 1911 recomputed and published in the second annual report of Maine State 

Water Storage Commission.

GAGES. On bulkhead of gatehouse at outlet dam, and in fore bay and tailrace of 

power plant.

DISCHARGE. Prior to March, 1904, discharge was determined from records of opening of gates in dam; since March, 1904, flow from lake has been recorded by three 

Alien meters, one on each of three pairs of 30-inch Hercules wheels; wheels and 

recording meters checked by current-meter measurements, brake tests of wheels, 

and electrical readings of the generator output. Water wasted at regulating gates 

is measured from records of gate openings and coefficients determined from current-meter measurements.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Sebago Lake (area, 46 square miles) is under complete regulation. 

Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Record in cubic feet per minute furnished by S. D. Warren Co.; 

record in second-feet computed by engineers of United States Geological Survey.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

VI

28..............

90

30..............

31..............

Oct.

765

788

803

803

S7S

798

278

790

798

QfW

7on

805

77ft

203

792

803

777

773

795

733

198

805

89A

787

710

sna

777

192

770

770

720

Nov.

705

773

803

212

743

780

817

783

747

770

235

787

760

752

778

782

238

797

730

748

798

705

668

282

788

825

785

648

762

Dec.

813

273

820

745

742

7OO

787

723

337 7*70

742

818

con

QAO

ROK

070

S9*

813

S95

01 0

Q99

822

Vf7

752

240

700

QOO

835

COO

288 an<5

Jan.

807

818

803

797

817

299

788

780

801

805

700

769

323

760

799

796

804

511

412

373

iff>

641 7<m

801

flAfl

ono

OOQ

522

OAO

fill

816

Feb.

807

804

235

472

816

820

919

901

918

311

494

490

830

818

806

792

258

505

789

794

803

785

777

216

741

722

676

633

Mar.

654

633

135

676

668

707

699

707

703

236

722

718

715

735

728

709

249

771

760

757

693

639

597

190

637

595

638

613

551

536

138

Apr.

542

528

524

490

533

569

187

658

563

572

547

585

504

172

497

474

502

542

501

598

248

422

458

496

533

591

533

149

628

536

May.

445

438

470

445

237

503

537

435

444

594

507

205

528

514

563

548

591

545

192

477

546

555

571

564

484

221 im

560

588

473

528

June.

539

170

366

558

575

601

628

547

919

587

570

600

498

651

575

1QQ

504

559

«nn

679

626

488

65

412

518

582

535

588

555

242

July.

502

584

590

186

526

652

187

675

619

644

693

699

594

199

565

611

664

505

683

569

133

643

677

689

661

682

583

258

624

642

651

Aug.

764

704

679

252

678

746

741

715

574

534

128

593

eon

692

661

716

P44

172

692

707

707

801

753

703

267

747 7<in

737

748

774

600

Sept.

230

262

fiSQ

672

filQ

622

650

262

629

627

647

689

641

622

277

592

613

617

577

548

491

148

598

607

570

566

Anct

335

169

604
SAGO BIVEB BASIN. 49

Monthly discharge of Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 436 square miles.]

Month.

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

878 

825 

835 

818 

919 

771 

628 

594 

679 

699 

774 

689

919

Minimum.

192 

212 

240 

239 

216 

135 

149 

192 

65 

133 

128 

148

65

Mean.

713 

691 

701 

681 

676 

597 

486 

478 

494 

555 

630 

517

602

Per 

square 

mile.

1.64 

1.58 

1.61 

1.56 

1.55 

1.37 

1.11 

1.10 

1.13 

1.27 

1.44 

1.19

1.38

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.89 

1.76 

1.86 

1.80 

1.61 

1.58 

1.24 

1.27 

1.26 

1.46 

1.66 

1.33

18.72

NOTE. The monthly discharge does not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial 

storage. The yearly discharge and run-off probably represent more nearly the natural flow, because comparatively little stored water is held over from year to year.

8ACO RIVER BASIN. 

SAGO RIVER AT CORNISH, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Cornish, York County, half a mile below mouth 

of Ossipee River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 4, 1916, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by S. J. Elliott and A. H. Guimont.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel covered with sand and boulders; broken by one 

pier at bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year. 5.6 feet at 3 p. m. 

April 7 (discharge, 7,560 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.74 foot at 9.30 

a. m. September 15 (discharge, 644 second-feet). Minimum discharge estimated 

as 350 second-feet several times in January and February; stage-discharge relation 

affected by ice at the time.

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 9.4 feet at 6.30 a. m. June 18, 1917 (approximate discharge, from extension of rating curve, 17,400 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 0.8 foot several times in August and September, 1917 (discharge, 635 second-feet).

ICE. Tee forms to considerable thickness; stage relation seriously affected during 

most winters.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow probably not seriously affected by power developments above the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation has apparently shifted since station was first 

established; present rating curve fairly well defined between 1,000 and 7,000 

second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily, except from December 14 to 

March 27, when it was read three times a week. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage height to rating table and making corrections for effect of 

ice during the winter. Records fair.

498° 21 WSP 471 4
50 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Saco River at Cornish, Maine, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 11

Feb. 15

Mar. 14

Made by 

A. F. McAIary. ........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feel.

B3.43

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

851

691

1,360

Date.

Apr. 12

May 9

Made by 

.....do ...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.11

4.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,440

4,850

« Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Saco River at Cornish, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

.30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

845

810

845

915

880

880

845

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,100

1,140

1,060

1,180

1,140

1,100

1,180

1,140

1,140

1,260

1,180

1 260

1,100

1 260

1,440

1,440

1,350

1,830

1,530

2,040

Nov.

1,830

1,630

2,040

3,210

3,690

3,370

3,530

3,210

2,770

2,380

2,040

2,040

1,730

1,730

1,630

1,530

1 440

1 440

1 440

1^530

1,630

1,630

1,440

1 440

1^140

1,100

1 nnn

960

960

920

Dec.

960

1,000

Q90

920

880

880

880

840

840

800

800

800

800

740

700

7no

680

680

680

680

7nn

740

7crt

780

7no

700

700

700

7fin

700

700

Jan.

700

700

700

700

680

jU.n

500

600

740

800

860

620

oon

560

R an

840 grin

ofin

640

oon

560

680

800

740

620

350

350

520

740 ooft

800

Feb.

440

440

440

500

540

560

600

620

640

640

660

660

540

680

700

600

350

500

560

540

660

660

600

600

740

840

960

960

.......

Mar.

960

960

960

1,000

1,100

1,200

1.200

1,200

1,250

1,200

1.200

1,200

1,250

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,450

1,550

1,650

1,750

1,850

2,000

2,100

2,200

2,300

2,500

2,600

2,700

2,900

3,100

'Apr.

3,690

5,460

6,420

6,860

7,090

7,320

7,560

7,320

7,090

6,860

6,640

6,640

6,220

5,830

5,830

5,460

5,460

5,460

5,460

5,460

5,460

5,640

6,830

5,830

5,830

5,460

5,460

5,100

5,100

May.

5,280

5,640

5,640

5,830

5,600

5,400

5.200

5,000

4,800

4,560

4,560

4,380

3,860

3,690

3,530

3,690

3,530

3,210

3,370

2,910

2,630

2,500

2,380

2,260

1,930

1,730

1,730

1,730

1,730

1,530

1,730

June.

1,530

1,730

1,530

1,530

1,260

1,180

1.350

1,180

1,180

1,260

1,440

1,350

1,440

1,440

1,530

1,400

1,300

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,350

1,500

2,150

2,630

2,630

2,500

2,260

2,150

1,930

July.

1,730

1,830

1 630

1,530

1^440

1,530

1,350

1 440

1,630

1,530

1,530

1,630

1,730

1,930

2,040

2,040

2,260

2,380

2,040

2,040

2,150

1,930

1,530

1,440

1*350

1,180

1.180

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,180

Aug.

1,180

1,140

1,100

880

1,100

985

985

985

1,530

1,630

1,830

1 730

1,630

1,530

1,530

1,530

1,350

1,350

1,260

1,180

1,100

1,140

1,020

985

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

985

915

1,060

Sept.

1,020

915

880

915

1,060

1,060

950

810

985

985

1,020

1,020

1,020

845

680

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,180

1,260

1,830

1,930

2,040

2,040

2,040

2,380

4,920

4,740

4,920

5,100

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice Nov. 27 to Mar. 30; discharge for this period «omputed 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

weather records, and comparative records of power plant at Hiram, plus records of Ossipee. Discharge 

estimated May 5-9 and June 16-22 by comparative hydrograph.

Monthly discharge of Saco River at Cornish, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,390 square miles.]

Month.

May. ..... ...

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,040 

3,690 

1,000 

920 

960 

3,100 

7^560 

5,830 

2,630 

2,380 

1,830 

5,100

7,560

Minimum.

810 

920 

680 

350 

350 

960 

3,690 

1,530 

1,180 

1,100 

880 

680

350

Mean.

1,160 

1,880 

777 

652 

615 

1,640 

5.980 

3,600 

1,640 

1,640 

1,220 

1,720

1,880

Per 

square 

mile.

0.892 

1.45 

.598 

.502 

.473 

1.26 

4.60 

2.77 

1.26 

1.26 

.938 

1.32

1.45

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.03 

1.62 

.69 

.58 

.49 

1.45 

5.13 

3.19 

1.41 

1.45 

1.08 

1.47

19.59
SAGO KIVER BASIN. 51

OSSIPEE RIVER AT CORNISH, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in Cornish, York County, 1J miles above confluence 

with Saco River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 448 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 5, 1916, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by 0. W. Adams.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with sand and gravel; possibly somewhat 

shifting; broken by one pier at bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.15 feet at 4 p. m. 

April 4 (discharge, 2,610 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.90 foot at 

6 p. m. September 14 (discharge, 320 second-feet). Minimum discharge estimated as 240 second-feet several times during January and February; stagedischarge relation affected by ice at the time.

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 7.25 feet at 6 a. m. June 18, 1917 (approximate discharge, from extension of rating curve, 6,480 second-feet); minimum 

open-water stage recorded, 0.90 foot at 6 p. m. September 14, 1918 (discharge, 

320 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms to considerable thickness; stage-discharge relation seriously affected 

during most winters.

REGULATION. Flow regulated by dams at Kezar Falls and at outlet of Great Ossipee 

Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 350 and 2,400 second-feet. Gage read 

to half-tenths once a day except from January 1 to February 25, when it was 

read three or four times a week. Daily discharge, ascertained by applying gage 

height to rating table and making corrections for effect of ice during the winter. 

Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 15 

Mar. 13

Made by 

»

,....do. ................

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

«1.61

«2.23 

a 2. 97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

220

232 

406

Date.

Apr. 11

12 

May 9

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.65

3.49 

2.50

Discharge.

Sec.-}t. 

2,150

1,990 

1,160

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
52 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Os&ipee River at Cornish, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

390

360

375

360

350

390

375

375

375

360

360

375

390

405

405

405

405

390

390

405

405

405

405

420

500

420

405

410

440

480

520

Nov.

520

550

575

600

600

600

575

500

480

480

480

460

440

420

405

405

390

375

350

350

350

360

375

390

390

405

400

380

340

310

Dec.

300

310

320

320

300

310

300

310

320

320

320

320

310

310

310

320

310

310

300

290

290

290

290

300

300

300

300

290

290

290

290

Jan.

290

290

290

290

300

290

290

290

270

250

250

250

250

250

240

270

260

260

259

250

9<ai

260

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

Feb.

260

270

250

250

250

9<ai

250

250

250

250

250

240

240

240

240

240

240

240

260

270

9<ai

250

240

250

270

290

310

310

Mar.

360

360

360

390

420

420

420

420

420

420

420

400

400

390

340

340

360

390

390

400

560

660

720

840

1,000

1.150

1,250

1 300

1*400

1,320

1,320

Apr.

1,320

1,820

2,460

2,560

2,560

2,270

2,270

2,180

2,180

2,180

2,090

2,000

2,000

1,910

1,820

1,640

1 640

1,730

1,730

1,640

1,640

2,000

2,000

2,000

1,910

1,730

1,640

1,480

1,400

1,400

May.

1,820

1,910

1,730

1,560

1,500

1,400

1,400

1,320

1,160

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,080

1,000

1,000

1,000

920

850

750

720

690

630

550

500

480

550 <^<yi

550

550

500

June.

500

480

480

460

440

390

375

390

390

420

460

440

460

460

460

420

420

375

390

390

390

460

720

720

750

690

690

630

600

525

July.

500

500

480

440

420

420

420

440

440

460

460

480

500

480

460

460

460

500

500

460

600

405

390

375

360

360

340

350

375

375

390

Aug.

360

350

340

360

360

350

340

350

960

850

815

660

600

550

550

500

420

390

390

375

360

360

340

330

350

360

360

360

360

375

375

Sept.

375

375

375

390

375

360

330

330

350

350

360

350

340

320

330

340

340

340

500

525

815

780

600

525

550

815

1,240

1,730

1,730

1,560

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Nov. 27 to Mar. 28; discharge for this period computed from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Discharge estimated Oct. 28 to Nov. 1, Mar. 31, and May 5.

Monthly discharge of Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, for (he year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 448 square miles.]

Month.

January. ......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June. .........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

520 

600 

320 

300 

310 

1,400 

2,560 

1,910 

750 

600 

960 

1, 730

2,560

Minimum.

350 

310 

290 

240 

240 

340 

1,320 

480 

375 

340 

330 

320

240

Mean.

402 

442 

305 

263 

256 

624 

1,910 

989 

492 

439 

445 

590

596

Per 

square 

mile.

.897 

.987 

.681 

.587 

.571 

1.39 

4.26 

2.21 

1.10 

.980 

.993 

1.32

1.33

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches cm 

drainage 

area).

1.03 

1.10 

.79 

.68 

.59 

1.60 

4.75 

2.55 

1.23 

1.13 

1.14 

1.47

18.06
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I. 53

MEBBIMACK RIVER BASIN. 

PEMIGEWASSET RIVER AT PLYMOUTH, N. H.

LOCATION. At two-span highway bridge in Plymouth, Grafton County, three-fourths 

of a mile below mouth of Bakers River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 615 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1886, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Vertical staff gage in three sections; two lower sections about 40 feet above 

the bridge; upper section on bridge abutment; used since July 1, 1907. Chain 

gage on upstream side of bridge used from September 4, 1903, to June 30, 1907. 

The datum of the staff is 1.11 feet higher than that of the chain gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge at ordinary and 

high stages. At extremely low stages measurements made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Right channel is rocky and practically permanent; left 

channel covered with fine gravel which shifts occasionally. Control section for 

low stages is gravel bed of river and has changed somewhat at various times. At 

high stages the banks are overflowed below the bridge and the control is somewhat indefinite.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded, 1912-1918: 15.42 

feet at 7 a. m. March 28, 1913 (approximate discharge, from extension of rating 

curve, 18,700 second-feet); a gage height of 18.17 feet was recorded at 4 p. m. 

February 25, 1915, but stage-discharge relation was probably affected by ice at 

the time: Minimum stage recorded, 0.64 foot at 7 a. m. September 20, 1913 

(discharge, 71 second-feet); an estimated discharge of 60 second-feet occurred 

September 21, 1913.

ICE. River freezes over and stage-discharge relation is usually affected by ice from 

December to March.

REGULATION. There are several small ponds on Bakers River and other tributaries, 

but practically no storage regulation. At very low stages the paper mill at Livermore Falls is obliged to shut down several times daily, and at these times the 

ponding of water affects the distribution of flow at Plymouth.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent from April, 1912, to 

September, 1918, except when affected by ice. Rating curve well defined below 

15,000 second-feet. Gage read to half inches twice daily, except Sundays. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, and 

making corrections for effect of ice during the winter. Sunday discharge estimated by hydrograph comparisons with records at other gaging stations. Records 

good.

Records from October 1, 1911, to December 31, 1913, previously published 

have been revised by means of additional discharge measurements. Estimates 

for high stages prior to October 1, 1911, which have been published in various 

water-supply papers of the Geological Survey, are probably too high. 

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by proprietors of locks and canals on 

Merrimack River, Arthur T. Safford, engineer.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I. 

Discharge measurements of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N, H., during 1912-1918.

Date.

1912. 

Jan. 27

9Q

29

Feb. 3

12

18

28

Mar. 6

12

Apr. 19

1913. 

Aug. 20

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

C. E. Adams...........

Reported by A. T. Safford..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

ol.90

«1.80

« 1.81

al.74

al.58

al.60

«1.90

"1.82

a 1.70

5.90

.104

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

349

QKC

374

343

260

291

290

293

304

6,160

200

Date.

1914. 

Oct. 7

1915.

Aug. 28

Nov. 24

1916.

Apr. 17

18

May 18

19

June 20 

1918.

May 17

Nov. 18

Made byReported by A. T, SafHardin Thweatt .......

.....do.................

.....do.............:-..

Pierce and Thweatt. . . .

H. W. Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.08

1.96

1.55

3.90

5.06

7.68

5.38

5.13

. ou

2.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

149

1,090

728

3,440

5,000

8,260

5.290

4,920

1,700 

2,180

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

NOTE. Six discharge measurements made in March and April, 1919, were used in determining the rating 

curve for high stages.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.,for the years

ending Sept. 30, 1912-1918.

Day.

1911-12. 

1.. ........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10. .........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16.......... 

17..........

18..........

19.......... 

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

Qfirt

870

900

1,130

3,170

1,850

1,240

1,080

932

780

780

690

600

540

480

425 

375

690

4,560 

2,550

1 660

2' 160

2,670

2,420

1 480

1,170

i 900

997

900

810

810

Nov.

1,030

997

870

810

760

720

997

1,570

1,170

OQ7

965

1,030

1,170

1,240

1,100

1,030 

onn

997

1,650 

1,170

1,030

Q£C

810

79ft

7so,

765

7KA

780

2,550

1,850

Dec.

1 400

l|lOO

870

7W

660

QAf|

997

Q7A

780

Q7A

997

1,320

3,170

2

*>nn

1,570

1,320 

1,100

840

870

Q1A

Q7A

QOrt

4 060

4,820

2,420

1,570

1 ^?9fi

i flfin

onn

800

780

Jan.

700

660

660

600

540

620

580

540

700

620

520

470

450

520 

410

*>QA

390

i nnn

con

490

400

349

365 s«ai

400

Feb.

*>7A

410

343

340 q*m

330

*>1A

*>on

*>1A

OQA

97ft

ofin

290

OQA

290

290

280

QQ1

300

*>1A

*MA

*>1 A

300

OQA

290

OQA

*>1A

290

97n

........

Mar.

270

97ft

260

250

OKA

293

9 Oft

290 *>IA

qftft

9Qrt

304

*>Crt

560

640

1,150 

1 800

2

' ftfV\

2,300 

2,700

9 onn

2 onn

I

fiAft

1 300

1,150

QpJ\

920

1,200

6,100

5,500

Apr.

5,200

5,800

5

J.KA

2.450

1

KAA

3

O[tn

6,100

5 tO/1

3 AQft

3,110

3,450

3

Q7A

3

q-|A

6,210 

10,300

8 97ft

6,570 

5,510

5,160

4,820 

10,200

6 930

4*130

3 OCA

3

QCrt

3 OQA

2 

' 660

May.

2,450

2 9ftft

2

ACA

1 950

1 ' tyjA

1 QHft

3,340

3,340

2 77ft

2,610

2 son

3

OOA

3 Q9ft

3 OQA

2,300

4,280

3 7ftft

2,900

2,100

2 ft7ft

4,230

3 OQA

2,610 

2,610

1,930 

1 finn

1,450

QfV7

3,020

4,660

June.

4,720

3 isn

2,160

1 600

I

oftn

1,650

1,170 Qftn

700

79ft

700

585

545

555

KfiE

700

545

CAA

450

375

*>OQ

*J1 A

OQA

97Q

July.

9ftA

255

247

242

OOO

999

999

999

OOO

999

919

919

one

215

999

232

OOO

999

242

997

OCA

482

302 9Qn

9AA

260

255

242

242

Aug.

255

9Qn

390

700

422

*»QA

n-t A

97ft

9AA

5 460

3 7ftft

79fi

482

450

077

300

353

365

*>OA

9Qn

302 *><w»

*>QA

*>Ofl

314

Sept.

 MIC

408 OQA

422

KAft

*>Ort

ono

9on

OQA

OQA

onfi

326

*ittS

A&f>

408 

422

1 750 I'ooo

545
MEBKIMACK RIVER BASIN. 55

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.,for the years 

ending Sept. 80, 1912-1918 Continued.

Day.

1912-13. 

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

9O

30..........

31..........

1913-14. 

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6.. ........

7.. ........

8.. ........

9. .........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18.... ....A

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

728

482

436

422

408

385

365

377

353

365

408

1,100

625

490

482

482

436

450

600

466

390

605

7,050

9,610

5,240

3,500

2,450 i Mm

1,130

1,010

242

255

2,400

1.260

750

545

482

408

341

326

314

400

700

605

565

500

482

450

440

436

7,670

2,710

1,260

770

826

2,000

3,450

2,400

1 400

1^260

1,320

Nov.

967

2,660

1,500

1,010

756

728

652

9,550

5,460

.3,000

2,100

1,700

1,400

1,400

2,100

1,700

1,350

1,130

967

826

700

652

676

900

786

714

676

652

ft CO

630

931

700

630

605

565

545

482

525

600

11,100

4,280

2,300

1,500

1,220

1,050

900

728

700

652

1,360

1,800

1,260

1,000

859

786

652

585

545

MS

600

Dec.

600

565

2,100

1,750

1,600

1,800

2,770

1,600

1,050

931

895

786

756

652

600

585

565

 555

676

1,800

1,560

1,450

1,500

1,130

1,010

756

585

605

650

728

1,840

1,340

525

525

605

585

555

550

1,600

1,450

1,220

1,130

756

786

750

756

786

630

565

535

525

500

500

530

600

530

575

510

480

530

555

545

Jan.

2,710

1,800

1.650

5,560

3,550

2,660

1,950

1,600

1,400

1,600

1,350

2,300

1,700

1,450

1,150

1,050

1,250

1,700

3,500

2,500

1,600

3,300

2,050

1,950

2,050

1,800

1,600

1,350

1 1 ^n

850

1,050

525

525

500

490

490

475

450

440

420

420

415

415

400

385

440

480

460

450

440

430

415

415

400

390

490

1,020

1,120

1,440

1,460

1,300

1,200

Feb.

1,250

1,600

1,350

1,150

1,000

850

700

730

640

590

525

500

480

500

525

515

500

465

435

420

450

590

1,130

480

480

465

435

420

1,180

1,180

1,050

950

985

835

770

740

715

600

530

510

460

460

450

440

430

430

440

450

435

420

400

420

420

400

390

375

Mar.

420

450

430

415

400

365

370

365

360

355

350

540

680

620

4,050

12,100

9,200

6,100

5,200

6,600

14,100

16,500

5,680

4,280

5,030

14,600

6,770

18,700

7,440

4,500

3,240

620

7,000

12,400

9,890

7,100

6,330

5,560

4,660

3,760

2,970

2,300

2,200

2,160

2,000

1,000

756

728

931

895

700

676

600

565

500

482

482

652

5,780

3,500

2,710

2,450

Apr.

10,500

4,500

2,970

2,560

2,820

2,600

2,300

2,200

1,450

1,220

1,400

2,200

3,500

3,230

3,700

3,760

3,020

2,400

2,300

2,100

1,650

1,360

1,220

2,050

2,450

3,290

2,900

2,710

2,510

2

QOA

2,300

5,780

4,400

2,610

2,000

1,650

1,560

1,600

5,460

5,130

3,020

3,500

4,230

2,820

2,610

2 4flfl

2,400

2,970

4,000

14,100

9,220

6,210

4,280

s o7n

3,750

3,550

5,300

5,780

7 

' 540

May.

1,900

1,650

1,360

1,250

1,220

1,170

1,050

931

895

786

700

652

585

565

545

482

652

750

728

630

525

545

2,000

3,650

3,000

2,450

1,840

1,320

A QOfl

4 1 ftft

3,070

5,030

3,550

4,000

4,820

4,820

4,820

5,680

4,080

4,600

5,250

4,500

3,450

2,820

2,610

2,200

2 nnn

1,800

1,600 i finn

1,900

1,900

1,800

i finn

1,500

1,560

1,320

1,130

1,050

fiOft

700

600

June.

2,300

1,700

1,260

1,130

931

728

652

600

545

525

482

450

436

422

400

390

422

545

525

500

450

425

408

390

390

365

341

326

qnn

290

525

482

450

436

3,230

1,220

750

565

525

482

450

65

341

300

290

326

302

302

290

290

300

302

290

290

278

302

900

300

266

OAO

July.

314

326

314

302

290

300

326

302

290

278

565

466

400

365

353

314

302

290

290

285

278

272

266

266

260

255

248

242

314

ory>

290

296

302

450

365

350

408

377

422

390

365

353

350

565

545

390

341

326

290

300

302

290

278

266

266

255

255

255

242

10fl

9on

341

Aug.

278

266

260

266

290

266

255

250

242

240

242

232

222

217

194

186

180

186

194

186

128

113

113

140

194

212

204

208

198

1<U

150

290

278

266

186

242

222

222

232

227

222

212

OAO

232

232

255

235

222

212

919

232

9Qfi

278

270

266

255

232

OQO

222

314

7VI

1.220

Sept.

106

186

194

190

190

186

145

106

91

91

103

79

74

90

178

202

74

91

128

71

60

208

5,030

1,220

545

390

353

330

qrv>

949

525

365

353

314

296

280

266

266

266

266

266

255

220

186

266

242

232

222

222

200

186

186

186

204

186

186

9flfl

222

ooo

222
56 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PABT I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.,for 

ending Sept. 30, 1912-1918 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1. .........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

1915-16. 

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

194

 519

194

190

186

186

186

186

186

194

190

186

186

186

186

186

186

266

278

266

OKK.

255

220

186

Iftfi

186

Iftfi

186

450

458

4fifi

474

515

OKA

tree

525

cnn

482

450

458

742

615

565

KAK

COC

4Qfl

450

450

432

499

429

con

^ftS

CfiC

575

580

Nov.

186

242

919

242

Oqo

212

91 f\

255

999

186

9fift

9on

i onn

585

500

326

408

380

365

365

314

9QA,

302

KAK

450

qcp:

coc

555

COC

535

500

4CQ

470

500

482

4fifi

466

4CQ

AAn

470

KOE

CQK

605

C1 E

482

1 560

2

1QA

1,050

OKA

791

con

652

630

WH\

570

1,200

Dec.

341

<U1

630

1,010

605

540

482

365

500

450

408

408

332

290

450

482

500

466

194

190

186

320

300

310

260

340

340

350

186

360

186

1,220

958

895

826

670

585

595

515

490

482

474

462

450

466

4on

490

"Sin

700

2,160

1,260

QSK

786

770

2

qAA

5,670

2

QAA

2 OKA

1,920

1,560

Jan.

265

OQE

315

225

260

220

orin

590

500

450

480

4KA

430

400

400

380

380

940

7 Iftf)

3,900

2,450

i f^nn

1,700

1,500

1,400

1 300

1^200

1,050

700

640

1,330

1,550

1,500

1 400

1 9fift

1 300

2 CAT)

1,300

1,100

onn

800

760

740

79ft

700

660

600

560

EftA

480

470

700

2 300

2 o7n

2,510

2

OAA

2

q7A

4,130

6,270

4,820

3,890

Feb.

600

620

670

700

7OA

940

1 Ocrt

1,200

920

760

740

700

670

640

1,400

4,000

2,300

1,700

1 400

1 OCft

1,100

1,050

900

10,300

16,200

10,100

8,800

3,750

4 Q7A

3,860

2 OKA

1,950

1 9^fl

1,100

QCrt

800

870

800

7rtfl

700

660

720

740

S9ft

800

660

600

640

760

780

1 A.Kfk

4

ACA

3 OCA

2

CKA

Mar.

8,610

9

CAA

6,430

5,620

5

qoA

4

0Art

3

7CA

2,630

2,100

1,980

1,680

1,430

1 9KA

1,110

1 9fift

1 9ftfl

770

1 000

949

1 000

1,070

913

ft77

S49

770

OCA

Rift

756

2,050

1 K.K.rt

1 Q^ft

1 9ftfl

1 1 VI

1,100

1,050

1 000

QfiA

1,100

1 '900 000

sin

940

sin

800

fiAn

840

780

720

720

700

640

640

620

700

860

1 SSfl

2 ono

4 4ftft

7.700

Apr.

Q.1fi

700

585

600

786

770

1 340

2,520

^ vm

in QHA

6,560

3,970

3 91D

3

oqrt

3 91ft

3

AAA

2 O7ft

2 OKA

2

QOA

2 200

1,580

2

AAA

3

QAA

3,550

2,770

2

q^/\

2 1fift

10 900

4 660

2 730

2 800

2 Q7ft

2 320

2' 180

1,890

2,020

2,560

2 soft

3 oqft

9 Q7ft

2

QAA

3

CCA

4,720

4,620

3

AKA

^ 7sn

6,100

7 4on

4,820

4 740

3

QAA

3 OOA

3

KKA

May.

4

ooft

3

CAA

2 xftn

1,630

1,430

1,110

i 4^.11

1,510

I

OOrt

AOC

Aiq

1,030

OQE

850 O*M

850

834

895

77e

749

700

664

CfiA

530

1,010

AQK

PJ^Q

7ftfl

f! CO

4,230

4 1ftft

A OAf\

2,920

3,050

2,630

2 7ftA.

2,770

2

7qA

2

qCA

1,770

1,980

1 4.^ft

1,130

967

1,030

2 79ft

11 200

5,300

2

CKA

2

OAA

2,230

2,070

2 120

1 980

1,770

1,350

1 AAn

1 qOA

3.020

June.

570

500

474

450

450

AKfl

41 S

408

422

408

474

474

474

AOff

rqc

CAT)

1,750

1,050

7KA

676

615

482

<ICQ

450

441

400

422

JAC

390

2,070

1 ^fiO,

i i vi

1,700

3

CCA

2,420

2

CQA

1 980

2 ion

4 oqft

6,330

3 500

3 OQft

2

goA

2 iftfi

2,010

2,400

6,330

4,870

4,870

1 4fin

2,450

1 7VI

1 260

1 13A

1,820

1,380

1,200

1,380

1,130

July.

474

3,020

5,070

3

AAA

2

QA/I

2,480

1,560

Q13

10 QAA

4,820

1 AAQ

2,070

1 A.t\(\

1,170

1,110

AQK

QAQ

950

1,030

I

ftPA

1,090

1,030

1,220

1,220

1 1 C A

1,430

1 400

1 240

l^llO i 9fift

1,050

1,070

1,030

6,670

4,230 

3,400

2 300

i 7**n

1,170

1,030

967

Q1 ft

7ftfl

615

c«e

540

575

515

KOK

KQC

i RAH

1 7VI

1,470

74.9

fil £

1,110

565

466

Aug.

1 000

l|()90

1 800

1 640

1,680

1 OQft

1 1 VI

I,0o0

i I^A

Q77

749

770

1,220

1 000

1 AOft

AQK

1 1 Crt

QOC

7*2

CftK

5,950

3

CAA

1,760

2,080

1 *931 450

800

749

770

KOE

Atif\

49Q

397

450

440

 iOQ

429

1,820

2 OKA

1 200

J Q4.Q

7Afl

CfiC

d.Qrt

474

422

429

OQA

374

OCQ

oco

qqc

443

499

408

436

462

436

415

397

Sept.

700

555

540

pfte;

KAA

443

49Q

dAfi

458

450

436

4^9

429

41 1»

qoq

371

000

qQA

394

397

Af\Q

2

A^A

7vft

e,|A

AK.(\

K,J\

fUA

585

e/\A

341

qo/\

OA1

Q-tA

^fY>

9QO

97R

979

OKK

266

3,020

1,130

KAK

605 COK

482

450

515

1,130

931

700

KqK

515

458

2 94/1
MEEEIMACK RIVER BASIN. 57

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.,for tJteyears 

ending Sept. 30,1912-1918 Continued.

Day.

1916-17. 

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24:.........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

1917-18. 

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19. .........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

26

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

1,320

913

700

664

620

565

450

400

422

422

408

390

384

976

640

535

490

466

450

1,400

1,520

1,130

770

664

605

600

545

500

470

458

474

245

272

332

332

332

700

590

443

458

450

401

347

415

700

500

490

555

458

394

415

700

436

429

408

895

1.130

714

1.130

1,310

1,400

11,200

Nov.

450

580

585

535

4.90

458

458

436

429

429

500

450

422

466

415

436

408

408

432

458

500

436

380

5,560

3,340

1,700

1,130

1,200

949

2,420

3,680

2,280

1,680

1,400

1,130

994

895

786

714

688

664

640

610

575

565

555

525

525

525

474

458

555

535

490

450

450

490

350

380

400

Dec.

5,850

2,900

1 700

1.440

1,400

2,020

1,720

1,280

1,110

1,300

1,050

850

826

688

640

600

550

500

470

450

425

425

700

600

500

450

415

405

390

350

300

415

430

395

440

400

360

340

315

290

325

375

295

360

425

400

350

305

450

450

360

415

420

420

415

355

385

375

355

355

335

320

Jan.

400

500

415

400

390

510

640

690

680

585

550

440

425

490

840

1,600

1,250

1,050

850

700

640

650

665

620

610

570

540

490

520

550

540

350

335

250

235

250

200

250

200

280

260

250

235

225

300

300

350

300

260

300

300

310

350

320

300

335

275

250

225

250

275

275

Feb.

475

490

450

450

490

440

460

450

475

465

320

350

440

420

420

400

400

420

400

420

430

400

420

400

380

400

420

590

250

250

200

150

200

250

220

260

235

150

195

250

290

300

350

500

550

500

500

500

470

600

700

750

770

750

1,000

1,800

Mar.

820

640

540

520

500

540

500

485

500

500

480

520

500

475

500

480

465

525

470

430

490

520

700

920

2,050

3,210

4,030

9,280

9,860

6,570

4,690

1,700

l'300

1,100

960

900

900

850

770

730

715

730

625

600

670

640

640

650

750

920

1,250

1,750

2,700

4,030

3,680

3,520

3,450

3,210

2,630

2,850

3,450

4,180

Apr.

5,400

6,110

5,130

3,790

3,150

3,300

4,790

3,550

2,610

1,980

1,630

1,650

1,430

1,500

1,530

1,560

1,500

2,540

3,310

5,780

6,980

8,240

9,550

7,500

5,130

4,850

3,470

3,000

2,800

4,340

6,430

7,160

9,500

4,720

3,110

2,500

3,050

3,600

3,350

3,940

3,000

2,770

2,200

2,480

2,820

4,280

4,500

4,950

3,000

2,300

2,300

4,660

4,610

4,340

2,920

2,370

2,250

2,240

2,370

4,550

May.

3,550

3,110

2,920

2,630

2,660

2,650

2,630

2,480

2,770

2,770

2,630

3,170

3,050

2,920

4,180

2,670

2,500

2,800

2,730

3,550

5,080

3,600

2,950

4,210

3,270

2,710

2 480

2,320

2,540

2,660

2,320

4,970

4,620

3,100

2,610

2,240

1,900

2,680

2 630

2,120

1,560

3,810

2,730

1 680

4,120

3,180

2,110

1,700

1,430

1,260

1,110

1,050

913

770

700

640

615

676

1,030

670

676

786

June.

3,050

3,110

3,170

3,700

2,870

2,480

2,200

1,880

4,900

3,550

5,250

11,600

8,140

4.610

3,980

2,800

4820

13,500

5,650

3,610

3,980

2,610

2,000

1,820

2,350

1,770

1,460

1,290

1,090

3,110

700

840

742

605

525

500

510

1,240

640

700

1,170

931

1,700

1,130

859

700

595

585

500

474

466

615

1,700

2,300

1^700

1,090

786

700

640

615

July.

2,060

1 630

1,290

895

931

810

714

670

630

575

545

615

700

652

590

555

545

482

482

520

490

400

408

422

482

422

415

390

380

384

450

605

595

620

450

490

466

515

575

565

525

595

545

664

1,130

877

652

525

555

482

458

390

390

390

390

390

401

308

320

347

365

338

Aug.

436

371

365

320

415

359

266

266

222

353

415

365

341

341

353

359

474

714

540

450

408

595

422

422

1,070

640

525

408

422

470

895

320

266

308

290

272

341

365

353

1,600

2,550

1,580

826

652

545

565

585

443

415

394

365

365

338

365

314

320

326

341

341

278

266

278

Sept.

630

700

565

482

422

397

397

397

380

365

347

847

284

341

275

235

247

314

218

218

212

- 212

222

240

314

212

272

284

255

235

305

390

353

341

302

284

320

275

290

344

240

326

341

326

365

443

377

408

1,180

859

2,980

2,300

1,260

1,090

2,350

1,890

10,000

4,230

2,920

1 680

NOTE. Stage discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 30,1911, to Apr. 8, 1912; Jan. 7 to Mar. 21, 1913; 

Dec. 19,1913, to Mar. 2,1914; Dec. 22,1914, to Feb. 28,1915; Jan. 2-22 and Feb. 4 to Mar. 31,1916; Dec. 15, 

1916, to Mar. 25. 1917; Nov. 26, 1917, to Mar. 21,1918; discharge for these periods determined from gage 

heights corrected for effect of ice. Discharge on Sundays (gage not read) estimated by hydrograph comparison with records of flow of other rivers.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.,for the years ending Sept.

30, 1912-1918. 

[Drainage area, 615 square miles].

Month.

1911-12. 

Octol36r

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

1912-13.

"Mav

July...........................................

The year ................................

1913-14.

March.........................................

Ofay.. .........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year ................................

1914-15.

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

TWav

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,560 

2,550 

4,820 

3,600 

410 

6,100 

11,600 

6,330 

4,720 

482 

5,460 

1,750

11,600

9,610 

9,550 

2,770 

5,560 

1,600 

18,700 

10,500 

4,820 

2,300 

565 

290 

5,030

18,700

7,670 

11,100 

1,600 

1,460 

1,180 

12,400 

18,400 

5,680 

3,230 

565 

1,220 

525

18,400

278 

1,900 

1,010 

7,300 

16,200 

9,500 

10,800 

4,280 

1.750 

12,900 

5,950 

2,050

16,200

Minimum.

375 

720 

660 

349 

260 

250 

1,500 

967 

278 

208 

255 

290

208

353 

630 

555 

850 

420 

350 

1,220 

482 

290 

242 

113 

60

60

242 

482 

480 

385 

375 

482 

1,560 

600 

266 

186 

186 

186

186

186 

186 

186 

220 

600 

756 

600 

530 

390 

474 

565 

371

186

Mean.

1,320 

1,070 

1,390 

626 

306 

1,320 

5,100 

2,860 

1,030 

251 

683 

466

1,370

1,380 

 1,600 

1,110 

1,970 

685 

4,850 

£790 

1,480 

621 

312 

210 

375

1,460

1,190 

1,330 

710 

603 

602 

2,980 

4,750 

2,750 

495 

336 

290 

251

1,360

203 

354 

391 

1,060 

2,590 

2,560 

2,720 

1,230 

548 

2,050 

1,360 

535

1,290

Per 

square 

mile.

2.15 

1.74 

2.26 

1.02 

.498 

2.15 

8.29 

4.65 

1.67 

.408 

1.11 

.758

2.23

2.24 

2.60 

1.80 

3.20 

1.11 

7.89 

4.54 

2.41 

1.01 

.507 

.341 

.610

2.37

1.93 

2.16 

1.15 

.980 

.979 

4.85 

7.72 

4.47 

.805 

.546 

.472 

.408

2.21

.330 

.576 

.636 

1.72 

4.21 

4.16 

4.42 

2.00 

.891 

3.33 

2.21 

.870

2.10

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.48 

1.94 

2.61 

1.18 

.54 

2.48 

9.25 

5.36 

1.86 

.47 

1.28 

.85

30.30

2.58 

2.90 

2.08 

3.69 

1.16 

9.10 

5.06 

2.78 

1.13 

.58 

.39 

.68

32.13

2.22 

2.41 

1.33 

1.13 

1.02 

5.59 

8.61 

5.15 

.90 

.63 

.54 

.46

29.99

.38 

.64 

.73 

1.98 

4.38 

4.80 

4.93 

2.31 

.99 

3.84 

2.55 

.97

28.50
MEBBIMACK BIVER BASIN. 59

Monthly discharge of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.,for the years ending Sept.

30,1912-1918 Continued.

Month.

1915-16. 

October. ......................................

November. ..................... ..............

January. ......................................

February..................... ... .. ........

March

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August. . ......................................

September... .... ..............................

The year. ...............................

1916-17. 

October .......................................

November. ....................................

December .....................................

January .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

1917-18. 

October .......................................

November. ....................................

January .......................................

February. .....................................

April..........................................

Mav

July...........................................

August. . ......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

859 

2.180 

5,670 

6.270 

4.970 

7,700 

10,900 

11,200 

6,330 

6,670 

2,350 

3,020

11,200

1,520 

5,560 

5,850 

1,600 

590 

9,860 

9,550 

5,080 

13,500 

2,060 

1,070 

700

13,500

11,200 

3,680 

450 

350 

1,800 

4,180 

9,500 

4,970 

2,300 

1,130 

2,550 

10,000

11,200

TtfmiTniTm.

422 

443 

450 

470 

600 

620 

1,890 

967 

1,130 

466 

335 

255

255

384 

380 

300 

390 

320 

430 

1,430 

2,320 

1,090 

380 

222 

212

212

245 

350 

290 

200 

150 

600 

2,200 

615 

466 

308 

266 

240

150

Mean.

534 

678 

1,130 

1,720 

1,550 

1,380 

3,870 

2,730 

2,620 

1,310 

587 

615

1,560

656 

895 

1.040 

639 

431 

1,700 

3,940 

2,980 

3,880 

662 

452 

334

1,470

922 

815 

375 

277 

462 

1,700 

3,760 

1,940 

875 

513 

534 

1,290

1,120

Per 

square 

mile.

0.868 

1.10 

1.84 

2.80 

2.52 

2.24 

6.29 

4.44 

4.26 

2.13 

.954 

1.00

2.54

1.07 

1.46 

1.69 

1.04 

.701 

2.76 

6.41 

4.85 

6.31 

1.08 

.735 

.543

2.39

1.50 

1.33 

.610 

.450 

.751 

2.76 

6.11 

3.15 

1.42 

.834 

.868 

2.10

1.82

Eun-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.00 

1.23 

2.12 

3.23 

2.72 

2.58 

7.02 

5.12 

4.75 

2.46 

1.10 

1.12

34.45

1.23 

1.63 

1.95 

1.20 

.73 

3.18 

7.15 

5.59 

7.04 

1.24 

.85 

.61

32.40

1.73 

1.48 

.70 

.52 

.78 

3.18 

6.82 

3.63 

1.58 

.96 

1.00 

2.34

24.72
60 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PAKT I.

Days of deficiency in discharge of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H., during the 

years ending Sept. 30, 1912-1918.

Discharge in second-feet 

per square mile.

0.1 ........................

.15........................

.2 ................. . ..

.3 ........................

.4 ........................

.5 ........................

.6 ........................

.7 ........................

.8 ........................

.9 ........................

1.0 ........................

1.1 ........................

1.2 ........................

1.3 ........................

1.4 ........................

1.5 ........................

1.6 ........................

1.75........................

1.9 ........................

2.05..................... ..

2.25........................

2.5 ........................

2.75........................

3.0 ........................

3.5 ........................

4.0 ........................

5.0 ........................

7.0 ........................

10.0........................

15.0........................

20.0..................... .

25.0........................

30.0........................

35.0........................

Discharge 

in second 

feet.

62 

93 

123

185 

246

308 

369 

430 

492 

554

615 

677 

738 

800 

861

923 

984 

1,080 

1,170 

1,260

1,390 

1,540 

1,700 

1,850 

2,160

2,460 

3,080 

4,310 

6,150 

9,230

12,300 

15,400 

18,500

21.500

Theoretical 

horsepower 

per foot 

of fall.

21.0 

28.0

55.0 

41.9 

48.9 

55.9 

62.9

69.9 

76.9 

83.9 

90.9 

97.8

105 

112 

123 

133 

143

158 

175 

193 

210

245

280 

350 

489 

699 

1,050

1,400 

1,750 

2,100

2.440

Days of deficiency in discharge.

1911-12.

19

73 

111 

136 

147 

159

170 

179 

191 

201

208

222 

230 

243 

250 

259

264 

269 

278 

281 

289

300 

314 

342 

358 

363

366 

366

1912-13.

1 

9 

14 

21

46

78 

100 

122 

145 

162

177 

194 

206 

213 

216

219 

224 

232 

240 

248

256 

264 

277 

289 

300

311 

327 

341 

352 

357

361 

363 

364

365

1913-14.

39

87 

105 

132 

165 

193

213 

220

228 

241 

245

247 

250 

257 

260 

267

276 

282 

290 

293 

299

310 

320 

336 

354

360

362 

364 

365

1914-15.

47

62 

78 

106 

135 

150

163 

175

186 

201 

212

222 

228 

251 

263 

274

282 

2% 

302 

307 

315

322 

334 

346 

353 

359

363 

364

365

1915-16.

6 

18 

32

77 

100

124 

141 

160 

170 

186

191 

198

208 

221 

229

240 

245 

249 

258 

273

292 

318 

343 

358 

364

366

1916-17.

10

19 

37 

96 

148 

182

198 

214 

225 

226 

232

236 

239 

242 

246 

248

253

262 

267 

272 

278

283 

313 

338 

355 

360

364 

365

1917-18.

2 

15

55 

107 

139 

164 

183

203 

223 

238 

248 

253

260 

262 

266 

275 

279

283 

286 

292 

299 

303

314 

333 

351 

360 

362

365

NOTE. The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at different rates of discharge and shows the number of days on which the discharge and corresponding horsepower 

were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for discharge and horsepower. In using 

this table allowance should be made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which 

may be as large as 20 per cent, and the head loss, which may be as large as 5 per cent.

MERRIMACK RIVER AT FRANKLIN JTTNCTION, N. H.

LOCATION. At covered wooden bridge of Boston & Maine Railroad 1 mile below 

confluence of Pemigewasset and Winnepesaukee rivers, at Franklin Junction, 

Merrimack County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,460 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 8,1903, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Standard chain gage fastened to floor of bridge on upstream side over the 

west channel; read by F. R. Roers. A gage painted on the downstream righthand side of the center pier gives results considerably in error for low stages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.0 feet at 7 a. m. 

October 31 (discharge, 18,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.0 feet 

at 6 a. m. August 26, 6. a. m. August 31, and 6 a. m. September 13 (discharge, 

1,030 second-feet).

1903-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 19.5 feet at 5 p. m. April 21, 1914 (discharge by extension of rating curve, 32,300 second-feet); minumum stage recorded 3.30 feet October 4,1903 (discharge by extension of rating curve, 250 

second-feet).
MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN. 61

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice during the winter.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Winnepesaukee, Squam, and New Found 

lakes, and by the operation of mills above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation subject to slight changes. Rating curve fairly 

well denned below 10,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths once or twice 

daily, except on Sundays and numerous other days with no readings. Gage not 

read from January 24 to February 26. Readings of doubtful accuracy. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean gage height to rating table. Records 

poor.

COOPERATION. Gage heights furnished by the proprietors of locks and canals on 

Merrimack River.

Discharge measurements of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., during the

year ending Sept. 30,1918.

[Made by M. R. Stackpole.]

Date.

Dec. 20.. .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o4.62

o5.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,260

983

Date.

Feb. 26, ......................

Mar. 25. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

"5.93

6.07

DisSec.-ft. 

1,360

3,570

« Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. ..................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8................... 

9...................

10...................

11................... 

12................... 

13...................

14................... 

15...................

16................... 

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30.................. 

31...................

Oct.

1 440

1^440

1,440

1,440

1 400

1*600

1^600 

1,530

1,620

1,620 

1,530 

1 550

1*550 

1,620

1,620 

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,530

1 ftfift

1,530

1,530

1 440

1*530

2,820

2 280

2 1 vi

2 040

2, 680 

17,900

Nov.

6,200

3,790

3,120

2 52AO

2,540

2,280

9 Ififl

2,040 

1,930

1,820

1.750 

1,720 

1,620

1,530 

1,440

1,620 

1 440

1*450

1 440

1*.530

1,530

1,530

1,530

1,530 i fyifi

1 480

1*440

1*480 i* thrift

1,480

Dec.

1,530

1,350 i <inn

1 260

1,260

1,260

-----

- -- - 

Mar.

4 300

3*600

3,000

2,800

2,040

2 run

1,930

2,040 

1,930

2,000

2,040 

2,040 

1,930

2,040 

2,040

1,930 

1,950

1 Q3O

2 ifin

1,820

1,820

2 040

2 not)

4 400

3*620

3,450

3,450

3,120

1,930

5,200 

5,500

Apr.

6,000

13,600

15,500

8,510

7,250

6,830

6,300

6,000 

5,800

6,410

6,200 

6,000

5

QAA

5,300 

4,840

5,200 

5,600

5,200

5,200

S QAfi

6,200

6,410

6,000

6,620

5

onn

5,020

4 480 4' loo

4 480

5*. 200

May.

6,000

5,800

5,600

4,660

4,500

4 448

4 480

4* 130 

3,450

2,970

3,790 

3,300

2

COf|

4,300 

5,800

3,790 

3,120

2,680

2 400

2

oon

2 040

2*040

I

con

I

con

1

*7or»

1,600

1,530

1,930

1,930'

1,820 

1,820

June.

1,620

1,650

1,720

1,620

1,620

1 480

1*480

1*530 

1,600

1,720

1,820 

2,040 

2 540

2! 160 

1,820

1,700 

1,620

1,620

1,530

1 440

1 440

1*620

2 onn

3,,620

3,120

2 040

2 040

1*930

I

con

1,800

July.

1,820

1,530

1,530

1 400

l!,350

1,350

1,300

1,350 

1,530

1,440

1,400 

1,350 

1,300

1,700 

1,930

1,720 

1,620

1,620

1 440 i J 3^*ft

1,300

1,260

I

OflA

1,170

1,260

1 Ofift

1,250

1

t)Kf\

1 Ofirt

1,260 

1,260

Aug.

1,220

1,260

1,220

1,200

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,170 

1,620

4,130

3,400 

2,820 

1,620

1,600 

1,530

1,350 

1,300

I

Oftft

1,350

1,260

1,300

1 9fifi

I

OflA

1

O£A

1,200

1,170

1,260

1,260

1,170 

1,080

Sept.

1,100

1,150

1,170

1,220

1,220

1,170

1,170

1,200 

1,260

1,260

1,170 

1,220 

1,080

1,170 

1,300

1,400 

1,350

1,300

1 440

2

? ocn

2

oon

2,700

2

fiQA

3

ncn

3,450

3,790

14,000

8,720

5,800

3,450

NOTE. Discharge on Sundays and other days gage was not read estimated by comparison with records 

obtained at several other stations.
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,460 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,900 

6,200

5,500 

15,500 

6,000 

3,620 

1,820 

4,130 

14,000

17,900

Minimum.

1,400 

1,440

1,820 

4,100 

1,530 

1,440 

1,170 

1,080 

1,080

Mean.

2,220 

1,970 

1,100 

930 

1,230 

2,660 

6,390 

3,240 

1,890 

1,410 

1,490 

2,570

2,260

Per 

square 

mile.

1.52 

1.35 

.753 

.637 

.842 

1.82 

4.38 

2.22 

1.29 

.966 

1.02 

1.76

1.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.75 

1.51 

.87 

.73 

.88 

2.10 

4.89 

2.56 

1.44 

1.11 

1.18 

1.96

20.98

NOTE. Mean monthly discharge for December, January, and February estimated at 1.7 times discharge 

of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth plus discharge from Lake Winnepesaukee at Lakeport.

MERRIMACK RIVER AT LAWRENCE, MASS.

LOCATION. At dam of Essex Co., in Lawrence, Essex County.

DRAINAGE AREA. Total of Merrimack River basin above Lawrence, 4,663 square 

miles; net drainage area, exclusive of diverted parts of Nashua and Sudbury 

River and Lake Cochituate basins, 4,452 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1880, to September 30,1918.

COMPUTATIONS OP DISCHARGE. Accurate record is kept of the flow over the dam and 

through the various wheels and gates. This flow includes the water wasted into 

the Merrimack from the Nashua, Sudbury, and Cochituate drainage basins. 

Estimates of the quantity wasted from these basins is furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of Boston and subtracted from the quantity measured at Lawrence to obtain the net flow from the net drainage area of 4,452 square 

miles.

DIVERSIONS. Practically the entire flow of the South Branch of Nashua River, Sudbury River, and Lake Cochituate is diverted for use by the Metropolitan water 

district of Boston.

REGULATION. Flow regulated to some extent by storage in Lake Winnepesaukee. 

The low-water flow of the stream is affected by operation of various power plants 

above Lawrence.

STORAGE. There are several reservoirs in the basin. It is estimated that the water 

surface is about 3.5 per cent of the entire drainage area.

COOPERATION. The entire record has been furnished by R. A. Hale, principal assistant engineer of the Essex Co.; rearranged in form for climatic year by engineers 

of the Geological Survey.
MERRIMACK KIVER BASIF. 63

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

5.......... 

6..........

7..........

8..........

10. .........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15.......... 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19.......... 

20..........

21..........

22.......... 

23..........

24..........

25.......... 

28..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30... .......

31..........

Oct.

2,316

2,268

2,305

2,256

2,276 

1,304

QAO

2,457

3 99ft

3,266

3

JOO

1 739

1*492

271

2,946 

3,202

3,192

2,548

2,852 

2,028

AAQ

2,910 

3,052

9 774

3,212 

3,901

3,413

3,616

5,112

4,722

7,362

Nov.

14,902

10,312

6,772

4,754

5,753 

4,868

4,481

4,243

3

Q7O

2,433

802

A £91

3

Q7Q

3

707

2,821

3 Cfl7

2 *V79

589

3,727 

3,326

9 RR7

3,018 

3,659

9 fifiQ

1,056 

4 487

3,'689

2

QQA

692

3,098

Dec.

2,499

1,516

4,405

3,658

3,364 

3,457

3

QAO

2,616

786

3 71Q

3

17C

9 ft£4.

2,631

2,558

2,012

688

2,710

2,704

2,664 

2,833

3 97O

2,557

77Q

2

KAK

1,160

A. IQfi

3,561

2 cor;

2 ft9Q

t\df\

2,663

Jan.

985

2,442

2,754

2,613

1,572 

281

2,348

2,390 

2,246

1,973

1,950

1,532

MO

3,095

2,853

9 7fifi

2,896

1,651

1,476

1 9.4Q

3,089

2,767 

2,625

2,542

2,508 

1,683

587

2,616

2,662

2,435

2,409

Feb.

2,491

1,768

629

2,446

2,620 

2,558

2,516

2,344 

1,786 fina

2,561

2,767

2,666

2,818

3,208 

2,917

1,558

4,630

4,083 

5,972

6,518

6,279 

6,714

5,139

6,364 

6,855

7,431

7 77Q

Mar.

7,823

6,967

6,298

7,253

6,609 

6,179

6,170

6<,230 

4,741

4,266

5,817

5,068

5,034

5,001

5,309 

3,929

3,816

7,284

8,141 

8,277

9,327

11,684 

13,984

15,576

17,505 

16,937

16,463

15,185

14,231

14,003

15,455

Apr.

18,380

20,716

25,296

26,928

22,954 

17,944

14,461

13,955 

13,366

13,694

14,112

13,222

11,693

10,861

12,609 

14,495

15,489

15,261

14,825 

13,572

11,581

13,143 

16,153

16,998

15,294 

13,742

11,233

9,615

8,925

8,684

May.

10,832

13,487

14,325

11!, 562

9,671 

9,560

8,388

7,826 

7,868

7,425

6,032

6,366

8,096

6,733

7,821 

9,413

7,974

6,056

5,286 

6,299

4 747

4,903 

4,281

4,366

2,964 

2,576

5,221

4,183

3,876

1,388

5,141

June.

3,128

2,239

4,778

3,488

3,590 

3,497

3,570

2,163 

536

4,018

3,420

3,397

3,414

3,674

3,011

9 IfiS

4,598

3,363

3,048 

2,869

3,015

2,196 

895

6,427

6,469 

5,666

4,976 4 41ft

2,812

780

July.

4,063

3,554

2,931

688

3,641 

2,337

688

3,967 

3,512

2,591

2,390

2,667

2 165

570

2,959 

3,200

2,936

3,453

3,883 

2,477

599

2,379 

2,774

2,745

2,516 

2,514

1,481

304

2,446

2,213

2,169

Aug.

2,085

2,033

1,241

173

2,155 

2,179

2,021

2,035 

2,139

1,551

2,066

5,154

3,987

3,601

3,274 

2,650

2,150

546

2,203 

2,362

2,560

2,392 

2,230

i;202

405 

1,634

1,921

1,940

1,982

1,974

1,298

Sept.

278

211

2,551

2,521

2,246 

2,108

1,116

31

1,812

2,011

1,977

2,031

2,075

1,324

373

2,090

2,105

2,251

2,595 

3,077

2,581

4,172 

7,605

5,966

5,031 

4,402

8,402

18,165

13,546

10,180

NOTE. Table shows the actual flow at Lawrence; not corrected for water wasted by the Metropolitan 

Water and Sewerage Board.

Weekly discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Weeks arranged in order of dryness.]

Week ending SundaySept. 8...............................................

Sept. 15..............................................

Jan. 13. .............................................

Oct. 7, 1917...........................................

Aug. 11..............................................

July 28...............................................

Feb. 10...............................................

Feb. 3.... ............................................

Jan. 27........ .......................................

Oct. 14, 1917..... .....................................

Jan.20...............................................

Dec. 30, 1917. ........................................

Oct. 21, 1917... .......................................

Dec. 23, 1917. ........................................

Dec. 16, 1917. ........................................

July 14...............................................

July?.............................................-..

Feb. 17... ...........................................

Measured at 

Lawrence 

(total drainage area

4, 663 square 

miles).

1,541

1,575

1,658

1,766

1,854

1,861

1,901

1,908

2,020

2.102

2,125

2.144

2 257

2,268

2,284

2,409

2,460

2,504

2,520

2,552

2,557

2.642

Wasting

into Mprrimack River 

from 

diverted

basins (211 

square

miles.)

6

7

26

16

44

12

36

8

12

11

17

20

24

16

59

80

20

91

56

19

22

84

From net 

drainage 

area of 

4,452

square 

miles.

1,535

1,568

1,632

1,750

1,810

1,849

1,865

1,900

2,008

2,091

2,108

2,124

2,233

2,252

2,225

2,329

2,440

2,413

2,464

2,533

2,535

2,558

Per square 

mile of 

net drainage area.

a 345

.352

.367

.393

.407

.415

.419

.427

.451

.470

.473

.477

.502

.506

.500

.523

.548

.542

.553

.569

.569

.575
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPL?, 1918, PART I.

Weekly discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1919 Continued.

Week ending Sunday ,

Sept. 22..............................................

Dec. 2, 1917. .........................................

July 21...... .........................................

Nov. 25, 1917.........................................

Aug. 18..............................................

Nov. 18, 1917.........................................

Tln/> Q 1017

Oct. 28. 1917... .......................................

Nov. 11, 1917.......................................

May 26... ............................................

Mar. 17...............................................

Feb. 24...............................................

Mar. 10..... .........................................

Mar. 3...............................................

May 19... ............................................

May 12...............................................

Nov. 4, 1917..........................................

"Mar 94.

Mays................................................

Apr 14

Apr. 28... ............................................

Apr. 21...............................................

Mar. 31. ..............................................

Apr. 7................................................

Measured at 

Lawrence 

(total drainage area 

4,663 square 

miles).

9 fiQfi

2,710

2,787

2,855

2,906

3,052

3,089

3,103

3,161

3,268

3,328

3,597

3 779

4^305

4,506

4,853

5,619

5,921

7,074

7,340

7,638

7,705

9,017

10,610

11,069

12,986

13,740

13,976

15,683

20,954

Wasting 

into Merrimack River 

from 

diverted 

drainage 

basin (211 

square 

miles).

fiS

fid

21

31

63

9

12

65

fift

109

11

15

108

13

38

242

267

236

369

55

78

135

134

197

172

78

173

116

130

99

From net 

drainage 

area of 

4,452 

square 

miles.

2,628

2,646

2,766

2,824

2,843

3,043

3,077

3,038

3,081

3,159

3,317

3,582

3,671

4,292

4,468

4,611

5,352

5,685

6,705

7,285

7,560

7,570

8,883

10, 413

10,897 19 ons

13,567

13,860

15,553

20,855

Per square 

mile of 

net drainage area.

0.590

.594

.621 fi3A

.639

.684

fiQ1

.682

.692

.710

74K

.805

.825

.964

1.004

1.036

1.202

1.277

1.506

1.636

1.698

1.700

1.995

2

00Q

2.448

2

QQQ

3.047

3.113

3.493

4.684

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass. ,for the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Montk.

March ....................

April.....................

May......................

July......................

Mean discharge in second-feet.

Measured at 

Lawrence 

(totaldrainagearea, 

4,663 square 

miles).

2,780 

4,007 

2,608 

2,114 

3,786 

9,050 

14,973 

6,925 

3,394 

2,478 

2,101 

3,828

4,837

Wasting 

into Merrimack from 

diverted 

drainage 

basins (211 

square 

miles).

49 

82 

77 

38 

142 

220 

117 

67 

22 

18 

9 

58

75

From net 

drainage 

areaof 4,452 

square 

miles.

2,731 

3,925 

2,531 

2,076 

3,644 

8,830 

14856 

6,858 

3,372 

2,460 

2,092 

3,770

4,762

Per 

square 

mile of 

net drainage area.

0.613 

.882 

.569 

.466 

.819 

1.983 

3.337 

1.540 

.757 

.553 

.470 

.847

1.070

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.707 

.984 

.656 

.537 

.853 

2.286 

3.724 

1.776 

.845 

.638 

.542 

.945

14.493

Per cent 

of rainfall.

12.6 

91.1 

23.4 

18.6 

29.5 

103.9 

126.7 

82.2 

22.3 

19.8 

19.1 

12.3

36.1

Rainfall 

in inches.

5.60 

1.08 

2.80 

2.88 

2.89 

2.20 

2.94 

2.16 

3.79 

3.23 

2.84 

7.70

40.12

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches, shows 

by the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage.
MEEEIMACK BIVEB BASIN. 65

SMITH RIVER NEAR BRISTOL, IT. H.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in South Alexandria, 3 miles from Bristol, Grafton 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 78.5 square miles (measured on Walker map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 11 to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to downstream side of left abutment of highway bridge; 

read by George Perry and Archie Flanders.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and covered with boulders; control ledge 

rock and boulders 130 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period May 11 to September 30, 2.08 feet at 6 p. m. May 14 (discharge, 311 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded during period, 0.70 foot at various times during July, August, and September (discharge, 11 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms to a considerable thickness during winter; stage-discharge relation 

affected.

REGULATION. The operation of the few small mills above the gage does not greatly affect 

the distribution of flow. Several small lakes in the basin; but little if any storage 

regulation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well denned between 10 and 600 second-feet. Gage read to 

hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Smith River near Bristol, N. H., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

May 13

19

July 28

Made by 

A. N. Weeks.............................................................

C.H. Pierce............. .................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.30

1.23

.72

Discharge.

Sec.-jl. «106

85

12.8

<* Kesults uncertain; measurement not used in developing rating curve.

NOTE. Several additional discharge measurements obtained subsequent to Sept. 30 were used in determining the rating curve.

* Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Smith River near Bristol, N.H.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Day.

1. ......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7. ......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12

13.......

14.......

15.......

 May.

150

116

100

282

265

June.

52

49

39

32

26

28

43

46

38

38

46

52

82

69

52

July.

32

33

22

24

23

22

24

26

26

26

25

24

25

26

26

Aug.

11

13

13

11

11

12

11

18

22

33

65

52

52

55

26

Sept.

20

22

23

25

18

11

12

13

14

13

J5

20

28

28

28

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

May.

167

129

108

92

82

84

84

67

52

52

58

72

62

46

46

June.

46

42

35

34

35

28

92

86

56

49

46

. 41

39

37

33

July.

24

23

21

20

18

18

16

14

14

14

13

11

11

13

15

14

Aug.

29

31

27

23

20

14

13

13

11

11

11

11

13

13

14

20

Sept.

33

32

31

33

35

43

67

62

58

50

242

262

268

248

248

NOTE. Daily discHarge Sept. 21-25 estimated by comparison with records at gaging stations in near-by 

drainage oasins.

498° 21 WSP 471 5
66 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

Monthly discharge of Smith River near Bristol, N. H., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 78.5 square miles.]

Month.

May 11-13... ...................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

282 

92 

33 

65 

268

Minimum.

46 

26 

11 

11 

11

Mean.

103 

46.4 

20.7 

21.9 

66.7

Per 

square 

mile.

1.31 

.591 

.264 

.279 

.850

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.02 

.66 

.30 

.32 

.95

CONTOOCOOK RIVER NEAR ELMWOOD, H. H.

LOCATION. At covered highway bridge on county road between Hancock and Greenfield,' Hillsboro County, half a mile below mouth of Kimball Brook and 1J miles 

south of Elmwood railroad station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 168 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

BECORDS AVAILABLE. September 20, 1917, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain on upstream side of bridge; read by Mrs. G. M. Elliott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS.-^Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed is covered with boulders and gravel. Control 

at low stages is rock ledge about 50 feet below gage and is well defined; at high 

stages control is probably at a storage dam about 3 miles downstream.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.33 feet at 1 p. m. 

April 3 (discharge, 1,790 second-feet); a stage of 7.50 feet occurred at 1 p. m. 

March 23, but stage-discharge relation was affected by ice at the time; minimum 

stage recorded, 1.48 feet at 6.15 a. m. August 23 (discharge, 19 second-feet).

ICE. Kiver is usually covered with ice for several months during the winter.

BEGTJLATION. Considerable storage has been developed in Nubanusit Lake and 

other reservoirs on the main river and tributaries. Water power is used at 

various places on the river above the station; the first dam above the gage is at 

North Peterboro, 4 miles upstream.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent, except when affected 

by ice. Eating curve fairly well defined between 50 and 1,200 second-feet. 

Gage read twice daily to hundredths, except from December 11 to April 4, when 

it was read once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table. Becords fair.

Discharge measurements of Contoocook River near Elmwood, N. H., during the years

ending Sept. 30, 1917-18.

Date.

1917. Sept. 7

20

Dec. 10

Made by 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2 58

2.16

«2.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

130

74

104

Date.

1918. Feb. 2

Mar. 9

Apr. 5 

8 

Aug. 21

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Fed. 

«3.42

04.61

5.57 

4.64 

2.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

120

388

1,020 

674 

101

a gtage-discharge relation aflwtecl by ice.
MEEEIMACK BIVEE BASIN. 67

, in second-feet, of Contoocook River near Elmwood, N. H., for period 

of Sept. 20, 1917, to Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1......

2......

3......

4......

5......

6......

7......

8......

9......

10......

11......

19

13......

14......

15......

16......

17......

18......

19......

20......

21.. . 

22.. .

23.. . 

24.. . 

25.. .

26.. . 

27.. . 

28.. . 

29.. .

30.. .

31......

Sept.

78

84 

84 

73 

49 

68

84 

84 

84 

104

68

Oct.

49

58

84

97

97

111

58

68

104

111

97

84

126

84

97

126

118

111

111

126

90 

73 

78 

118 

530

353

224 

257 

202

303

1,110

Nov.

800

437

292

224

224

246

224

162

172

152

104

182

172

172

172

97

90

118

111 

111 

162

224 

152

224 

172 

134 

104

104

Dec.

104

126

104

104

104

111

104

84

68

78

134

118

73

68

118

73

68

90

104

118

118 

126 

90 

78 

73

68 

84 

78 

97

104

37

Jan.

58

73

84

90

on

VI

41

49

134

152

134

134

97

90

104

118

143

134

104

97 

90 

104 

104 

118

118 

111 

104 

111

118

118

Feb.

118

118

78

45

41

26

26

26

26

49

78

111

152

IEO

152

192

qi O

934

234

437

467 

627 

660 

594 

562

594 

730 

730

Mar.

660

594

498

467

437

408

408

437

380

328

303

280

280

OrtO

353

^n<*

OflO

qco

437

498

765 

1,030 

1,190 

1,150 

1,110

1,110 

910 

660 

695

800

870

Apr

1 11

1',-MI

1,781

1j37

m

76

ft?!1

69

6fl

av

6?

59

531

RV

91

83

71

76

6ft t;<*

16

87 

91 

76 

59

46 

35 

35 

35

35

1

1

>

)

)

7

)

)

T

^

T

)

>

^ ) > 

> i

7 

3 

3 

f?

S

May.

530

594

498

353

268

292

303

*>V7

224

234

292

O1 0

246

353

292

ORQ

99 A.

152

192

. 202 

224 

246 

213 

172

143 

192 

213

280

152

172

June.

182

111

126

118

111

111

126

118

90

111

126

126

118

143

104

84

97

97

90

90

84 

303 

498 

380 

303

162 

126 

111 

118

78

July.

104

104

78

49

49

68

63

63

104

97

73

84

73

49

49

84

68

97

111

90

73 

84 

90 

90

78

84 

68 

45 

54

73

73

Aug.

73

78

68

58

73

54

54

37

68

68

58

63

58

64

58

54

49

54

58

62

68 

63 

45 

68 

37

26 

58 

63 

63

63

63

Sept.

68

45

26

30

45

68

54

41

49

73

68

45

78

73

54

37

68

73

111

172

353 

192 

162 

118 

104

380 

1,460 

594 

328

234

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Nov. 30 to, 

gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements 

Gage not read Apr. 1-2 and Aug. 13-21; discharge estimated.

Apr. 2; daily discharge determined from 

sments and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Contoocook River near Elrmvood,

SO, 1918.

N. H.,for the year ending Sept. 

[Drainage area, 168 square miles.]

Month.

April....................... .^. ................

July...........................................

Dischar

Maximum.

1,110 

800 

134 

152 

730 

1,190 

1.780 

594 

498 

111 

78 

1,460

1,780

Minii

*e in second-feet.

num.

49 

90 

37 

37 

26 

280 

353 

143 

78 

45 

26 

26

26

Mean.

170 

196 

93.7 

103 

267 

591 

750 

273 

148 

76.4 

58.9 

173

241

Per 

square 

mile.

1.01 

1.17 

.558 

.613 

1.59 

3.52 

4.46 

1.62 

.881 

.455 

.351 

1.03

1.43

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.16 

1.30 

.64 

.71 

1.66 

4.06 

4.98 

1.87 

.98 

.52 

.40 

1.15

19.43
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

BLACKWATER RIVER NEAR CONTOOCOOK, N. H.

IiOCATioN. At covered highway bridge in town of Webster, 150 feet north of WebsterHopkinton town line, 1.1 miles from Tyler flag station, Boston & Maine Railroad,

and 3J miles from Contoocook, Merrimack County, N. H. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 131 square miles (measured on Walker maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 16 to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Chain on downstream side of bridge; read by H. F. Corliss. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep at and above the gage. Control is at site of

old dam about 100 feet below the gage; probably permanent. 

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded May 16 to September 30, 1918, 7.55

feet at 6.55 p. m. September, 28; minimum stage recorded, 2.10 feet at 8.15 a. m.

August 7.

ICE. River usually freezes over during the winter. 

REGULATION. A small amount of storage has been developed in Pleasant Pond (New

London). Several small mills above the gage, but distribution of flow not

seriously affected. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent. Rating curve well defined

below 1,600 second-feet. Gage read twice daily to hundredths. Daily discharge

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Black-water River near Contoocook, N. H., during tlie year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

May 16

20

Made by 

A. N. Weeks.............................................................

C. H. Pierce..............................................................

O. W. Hartwell..........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.00

3.19

2.59

Discharge.

Sec.-}t. 

333

161

75

NOTE. Several discharge measurements obtained subsequent to Sept. 30,1918, were used in determining the rating curve.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofBlackwater River near Contoocook, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.......

2.......

q

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8. ......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

May. June.

105

97

85

7Q

75

72

70

73

75

73

81

92

106

118

109

July.

69

66

63

63

62

59

64

65

65

69

68

66

63

68

69

Aug.

40

41

40

37

37

32

34

43

120

192

250

192

147

115

88

Sept.

44

43

40

40

39

38

37

36

37

35

33

32

07

46

54

f

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30

31.......

May.

311

250

210

173

164

147

139

131

118

109

102

94

102

114

117

108

June.

86

73

RQ

69

62

63

102

173

210

173

147

117

94

81

75

July.

73

66

65

62

58

54

49

46

48

45

46

48

45

43

40

40

Aug.

78

69

61

53

48

48

44

43

41

48

45

40

37

40

41

40

Sept.

63

56

CO

67

94

164

260

260

173

10Q

1Q9

719

1,020

955

e.A'j
MBEEIMACK RIVER BASIF. 69

Monthly discharge of Blackwater River near Contoocookfor the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 131 square miles.]

Month.

May 16-31. ....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

'Maximum .

311 

210 

69 

250 

1,020

Minimum .

94 

62 

40 

32 

32

Mean.

149 

96.8

58.3 

70.4 

178

Per 

square 

mile.

1.14 

.739 

.445 

.537 

1.36

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

.82 

.51 

.62 

1.52

STTNCOOK RIVER AT NORTH CHICHESTER, N. H.

LOCATION. About 100 feet below highway bridge and 500 feet from Cbichester depot, 

North Chichester, Merrimack County, 2J miles above mouth of Little Suncook 

River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 157 square miles (measured on plane-table sheets).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21 to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to tree on left bank; Sanborn water-stage recorder temporarily installed at same place.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed covered with gravel and other alluvial deposits. Low-water control at head of rapids about 150 feet below gage; at high water 

the control is probably formed by crest of an old dam near Epsom.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage May 21 to September 30, 1918, from 

water-stage recorder, 5.0 feet at 12 noon September 27 (discharge, 800 second-feet); 

minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 1.2 feet several times in July and September (discharge, 16 second-feet).

ICE. River is covered with ice for several months during the winter.

REGULATIONS. Storage has been developed at several points above Pittsfield. The 

operation of mills at Pittsfield causes a large variation in discharge during days 

when the mills are in operation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve fairly well defined between 20 and 800 second-feet. Staff gage 

read twice daily to half-tenths and used for comparison with water-stage recorder. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table 

from water-stage recorder. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Suncook River at North Chichester, N. H., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

May 21

22

Made by 

A. N. Weeks.............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.40

1.80

1.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

195

70

21.4

NOTE. Several discharge measurements obtained subsequent to Sept. 30 were used in determining the 

discharge rating curve.
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART 1.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of SuncooTc River at North Chichester, N. H.for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

May. Tone.

28

32 ' 78

85

85

78

103

46

28

94

85

112

94

112

52

July.

94

103

103

28

(U

57

32

103

(U

85

70

78

28

20

103

Aug.

103

103

41

20

78

85

103

112

78

130

130

140

41

78

41

Sept.

28

17

70

52

52

64

46

14

85

57

57

57

57

36

17

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

May.

112

94

103

85

57

52

112

94

94

28

85

June.

28

121

85

94

78

78

64

94

180

103

112

85

85

52

28

July.

103

103

121

85

57

85

150

112

103

94

70

28

14

64

103

103

Aug.

94

52

24

85

85

85

94

57

36

24

94

103

94

94

85

41

Sept.

46

57

78

70

70

180

344

191

130

112

170

685

488

296

213

NOTE. Water-stage recorder not in operation May 21 and May 31 to June 5; daily discharge computed 

from twice-daily readings of staff gage.

Monthly discharge of Suncook River at North Chichester, N. H., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 157 square miles.]

Month.

May 21-31.. ...................................

July...........................................

. Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

112 

180 

150 

140 

685

MiniTniTm.

28 

28 

14 

20 

14

Mean.

83.3 

79.9 

80.2 

78.4 

128

Per 

square 

mile.

0.530 

.509 

.511 

.499 

.815

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.21

.57 

.59 

.58 

.91

SOTTHEGAN RIVER AT MERRIMACK, XT. H.

LOCATION. At head of Atherton Falls, 7 miles below mouth of Beaver Brook and 1| 

miles above confluence of Souhegan and Merrimack rivers at Merrimack, Hillsboro County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 168 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 13, 1909, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Gurley printing water-stage recorder on left bank about 350 feet above the 

falls; used since October 15, 1913. A vertical staff was used from July 13, 1909, 

to April 11, 1911, when it was washed out. From April 12, 1911, to October 14, 

1913, a chain gage attached to a tree on left bank 350 feet abo\e the falls was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading below the falls at low stages or from 

cable at high stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The channel opposite the gage is a pool in which velocity 

is very low. The control of this pool is a rock ledge at the head of Atherton 

Falls and is permanent.

ICE. Ice forms on control for short periods in the winter, slightly affecting stagedischarge relation.
MEEBIMACK BIYEB BASIJST. 71

EXTBEMES OP DISCHABGE. Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 5.92 feet at 

8 p. m. March 26 (discharge, 1,830 second -feet); minimum stage, from waterstage recorder, 2.03 feet at 6 p. m. August 16 (discharge, 25 second-feet).

1909-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 9.6 feet on August 5, 1915 (discharge 

from extension of rating curve, about 4,930 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

1.90 feet at 8 a. m. September 8,1909 (discharge, 15 second-feet).

REGULATION. Plow affected by the operation of the mills at Milford, about 8 miles 

above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except when affected by ice for 

short periods. Eating curve well defined below 2,000 second-feet. Operation 

of water-stage recorder satisfactory except for periods noted in footnote to daily 

discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean of 24 hourly 

gage heights to rating table. Records good for periods when water-stage recorder 

was in operation.

Discharge measurements of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H,, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 16

Feb. 11

Made by 

M. &. Stackpole.................................................. ........

H.W.Fear.... ...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o2.80

o2.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

99

71

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

86..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

32

34

40

37

39

42

42

36

40

46

46

51

52

46

48

70

92

52

51

57

49

34

58

62

315

331

207

170

225

198

610

Nov.

506

307

232

175

152

162

142

138

120

116

114

90

90

104

100

108

96

92

74

74

92

86

84

142

228

182

125

92

96

92

Dec.

72

102

104

114

130

128

118

112

106

82

68

90

80

78

88

90

84

92

98

96

102

104

106

96

90

92

100

96

90

90

74

Jan.

60

70

72

82

82

74

82

78

86

90

04

98

95

90

95

100

105

110

105

100

95

95

90

90

90

88

88

88

86

92

QS

Feb.

Q8

96

80

80

82

82

78

78

82 -78

70

80

86

100

120

145

170

200

240

420

580

640

700

620

600

700

740

740

Mar.

700

600

510

480

450

420

410

400

390

320

310

310

310

340

420

420

406

406

460

535

665

950

1,230

1,330

1,260

1,300

1,010

775

802

860

980

Apr.

1,140

1,330

1,500

1,070

830

638

545

515

488

496

442

393

393

398

748

830

665

540

474

380

371

692

950

665

560

434

380

327

299

303

May.

303

570

510

371

299

260

246

225

201

185

180

165

162

175

210

188

162

135

106

108

118

122

120

118

110

105

105

102

140

180

200

June.

200

200

160

115

110

105

105

105

105

110

120

130

130

130

120

110

90

80

130

64

45

300

480

400

200

160

140

125

110

70

July.

60

52

52

52

52

52

50

46

42

60

75

70

65

60

55

46

70

84

90

90

85

80

70

65

60

55

50

40

35

33

32

Aug.

42

42

37

39

35

36

34

36

39

43

64

44

49

62

64

38

33

45

50

50

60

60

60

55

50

45

35

40

50

50

50

Sept.

45

40

35

35

45

55

60

60

50

35

40

40

45

44

50

50

45

60

110

300

380

300

210

150

110

400

1,500

640

360

250

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 12 to Feb. 12. Discharge estimated Feb. 13 to Mar. 

15, May 23 to June 17, June 22 to July 28, and Aug. 17 to Sept. 30 from observer's readings and comparative 

bydrographs of Aahuelot, Contoocook, and Pemigewasset rivers.
72 SUEFAOE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

Monthly discharge of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 168 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

February ......................................

April..........................................

May.. .........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

610 

506 

130 

110 

740 

1,330 

1,500 

570 

480 

90 

64 

1,500

1,500

Minimum.

32 

74 

72 

60 

70 

310 

299 

102 

45 

32 

33 

35

32

Mean.

104 

140 

95.9 

89.3 

278 

637 

627 

199 

148 

59.0 

46.4 

185

216

Per 

square 

mile.

.619 

.833 

.571 

.532 

1.65 

3.79 

3.73 

1.18 

.881 

.351 

.276 

1.10

1.29

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.71 

.93 

.66 

.61 

1.72 

4.37 

4.16 

1.36 

.98 

.40 

.32 

1.23

17.45

SOUTH BRANCH OF NASHUA RIVER BASIN (WACHUSETT DRAINAGE BASIN) NEAR 

CLINTON, WORCESTER COUNTY, MASS.

LOCATION. At Wachusett dam near Clinton.

DRAINAGE AREA. 119 square miles 1896 to 1907; 118.19 square miles 1908-1913, 

108.84 square miles 1914-1918.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July, 1896, to September, 1918.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Wachusett reservoir and other ponds. 

Beginning with 1897, the determinations of discharge have been corrected for 

gain or loss in the reservoir and ponds, so that the record shows approximately 

the natural flow of the stream.

The yield per square mile is the yield of the drainage area including the water 

surfaces. For the years 1897 to 1902, inclusive, the water surface amounted to 

2.2 per cent of the total area; 1903, 2.4 per cent; 1904, 3.6 per cent; 1905, 4.1 per 

cent; 1906,5.1 per cent; 1907, 6.0 per cent; 1908 and subsequent years, 7.0 percent.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board 

of Boston; rearranged in form of climatic year by engineers of the Geological 

Survey.

Yield and rainfall in South Branch of Nashua River "basin (Wachusett drainage area 

near Clinton, Mass., for year ending Sept. 80,1918.

[Drainage area, 108.84 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................

July..........................

September. ...................

Total 

yield 

(million 

gallons).

1,871.8 

1,021.3 

1,312.4 

1,634.3 

6, 166. 6 

8,727.4 

5, 249. 0 

2,271.6 

1,707.2 

943.6 

536.4 

1,968.6

33,410.2

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.555 

.313 

.389 

.484 

2.024 

2.590 

1.608 

.673 

.523 

.280 

.159 

.603

.841

Secondfeet.

0.858 

.484 

.602 

.749 

3.131 

4.008 

2.487 

1.042 

.809 

.433 

.246 

.933

1.302

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.99 

.54 

.69 

.86 

3.26 

4.61 

2.78 

1.20 

.90 

.50 

.28 

1.04

17.65

Per cent 

of 

rainfall.

16.4 

43.1 

29.9 

29.0 

76.6 

206.0 

80.1 

112.8 

19.8 

17.9 

9.9 

14.5

43.1

Rainfall 

(inches).

6.03 

1.25 

2.31 

2.97 

4.25 

2.24 

3.47 

1.07 

4.57 

2.80 

2.82 

7.18

40.96
MERBIMACK RIVER BASIN. 73

Summary of yield and rainfall in South Branch of Nashua River basin ( Wachusett dSrmnage area) near Clinton, Mass., for years ending Sept. SO, 1897-1918.

[Drainage area, 108.84 square miles.]

Month.

October. ....................

December .....................

February. ....................

March.........................

April..........................

May..........................

July..........................

Total 

yield 

(million 

gallons).

37,317.6 

51,750.0 

81,514.9 

87,401.9 

95,523.5 

189,288.3 

151. 902. 1 

87, 522. 3 

55, 854. 4 

31,822.5 

30,889.9 

23,615.7

924,403.1

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.502 

.720 

1.098 

1.178 

1.413 

2.550 

2.115 

1.179 

.778 

.429 

.416 

.329

1.057

Secondfeet.

0.777 

1.114 

1.700 

1.824 

2.186 

3.946 

3.272 

1.825 

1.205 

.664 

.644 

.509

1.635

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.90 

1.24 

1.96 

2.10 

2.28 

4.55 

3.65 

2.10 

1.34 

.76 

.74 

.57

22.19

Percent 

of 

rainfall.

23.6 

34.3 

52.0 

57.9 

60.0 

112.9 

98.9 

63.8 

35.6 

18.8 

17.9 

15.9

49.1

Rainfall 

(inches).

3.82 

3.62 

3.77 

3.63 

3.80 

4.03 

3.69 

3.29 

3.76 

4.04 

4.14 

3.59

45.18

STOBURY RIVER AND LAKE COCHITTTATE BASINS NEAR FRAMINGHAM AND 

COCHITTTATE, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASS.

DRAINAGE AREA. Area of Sudbury basin from 1875 to 1878, inclusive, was 77.8 

square miles; 1879-80, 78.2 square miles; 1881-1916, 75.2 square miles. Area of 

Cochituate basin from 1863 to 1909, inclusive, was 18.87 square miles; 1910, 

17.8 square miles; 1911 to 1918, 17.58 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Of Sudbury River, January, 1875, to September, 1918; of 

Lake Cochituate, January, 1863, to September, 1918. Sudbury River and Lake 

Cochituate have been studied by the engineers of the city of Boston, the State 

Board of Health of Massachusetts, and the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage 

Board; records of rainfall have been kept in the Sudbury basin since 1875 and 

in the Cochituate basin since 1852, but the Cochituate basin records are considered of doubtful accuracy previous to 1872.

REGULATION. The greater part of the flow from these basins is controlled by storage 

reservoirs constructed by the city of Boston and the Metropolitan Water and 

Sewerage Board. Lake Cochituate, which drains into Sudbury River a short 

distance below Framingham, is controlled as a storage reservoir by the Metropolitan Waterworks. In the Sudbury River basin the water surfaces exposed to 

evaporation have been increased from time to time by the construction of additional storage reservoirs. From 1875 to 1878, inclusive, the water surface amounted 

to 1.9 per cent of the total area; from 1879 to 1884, to 3 per cent; 1885 to 1893, to 

3.4 per cent; 1894 to 1897, to 3.9 per cent; 1898 and subsequent years, 6.5 per 

cent.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. In determining the run-off of the Sudbury and 

Cochituate drainage areas the water diverted for the municipal supply of Framingham, Natick, and Westboro, which discharge their sewerage outside the 

basins, is taken into consideration; the results, however, are probably less accurate 

since the sewerage diversion works were constructed. Water from the Wachusetts drainage area also passes into the reservoirs in the Sudbury basin and must 

be measured to determine the yield of the Sudbury basin; the small errors 

unadvoidable in the measurement of large quantities of water decrease the 

accuracy of the determination of the Sudbury water supply during months of 

low yield for years subsequent to 1897.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of 

Boston: rearranged in form of climatic year by engineers of the Geological Survey.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Yield and rainfall in Sudbury River basin near Framingham, Mass., for year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 75.2 square miles.]

Month.

March ......... ..............

April.......................... May . .. .. ....... .

July...........................

Total 

yield 

(million 

gallons).

1. 123. 8 

989.1 

886.7 

635.5 

3,808.3 

5,091.3 

3,306.2 

1,490.7 

417.1 

224.3 

-125.8 

1,437.9

19,285.1

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.482 

.438 

.380 

.273 

1.809 

2.187 

1.466 

.639 

.185 

.096 

-.054 

.637

.702

Secondfeet.

0.746 

.678 

.589 

.422 

2.798 

3.384 

2.267 

.989 

.286 

.149 

-.083 

.986

1.086

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.860 

.757 

.678 

.486 

2.914 

3.896 

2.530 

1.141 

.319 

.171 

-.096 

1.100

14.756

Per cent 

of 

rainfall.

15.2 

57.6 

24.2 

14.0 

81.3 

156.2 

57.1 

98.8 

8.7 

4.2 

-6.0 

12.8

34.5

Rainfell 

(inches).

5.65 

1.31 

2.81 

3.47 

3.58 

2.50 

4.43 

1.16 

3.65 

4.07 

1.61 

8.60

42.84

Summary of yield and rainfall in Sudbury River basin near Framingham, Mass., for the 

years ending Sept. SO, 1876-1918.

[Drainage area, 75.2 square miles.]

Month.

March ... .. . ............

April..........................

May...........................

July...........................

Total 

yield 

(million 

gallons).

41,361.7 

70,586.2 

94,755.1 

118,068.9 

151,709.5 

271,950.1 

189,208.9 

106,338.0 

46,735.5 

17,588.6 

23,291.0 

21,599.7

1,153,193.2

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.412 

.728 

.945 

1.178 

1.660 

2.713 

1.951 

1.060 

.482 

.175 

.232 

.223

.976

Secondfeet.

0.638 

1.126 

1.462 

1.823 

2.568 

4.198 

3.019 

1.640 

.746 

.271 

.359 

.345

1.510

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.74 

1.26 

1.69 

2.10 

2.67 

4.84 

3.37 

1.89 

.83 

.31 

.41 

.38

20.49

Per cent 

of 

rainfall.

19.3 

34.4 

44.3 

51.5 

64.8 

112.5 

95.5 

58.0 

27.8 

8.5 

10.6 

11.3

46.1

Rainfall 

(inches).

3.82 

3.66 

3.81 

4.08 

4.12 

4.30 

3.53 

3.26 

2.99 

3.64 

3.87 

3.37

44.45

Yield and rainfall in Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass., for year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 17.58 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................

Mav

June..........................

July...........................

The year

Total 

yield 

(million 

gallons).

361.9 

280.2 

363.0 

276.0 

874.1 

1,023.6 

700.5 

333.4 

109.9 

88.3 

-17.5 

425.9

4,819.3

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.664 

.531 

.666 

.506 

1.776 

1.878 

1.328 

.612 

.208 

.162 

-.032 

.808

.759

Secondfeet.

1.027 

.822 

1.030 

.783 

2.748 

2.906 

2.054 

.947 

.322 

.251 

-.050 

1.250

1.174

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

1.18 

.92 

1.19 

'.90 

2.86 

3.35 

2.29 

1.09 

.36 

.29 

-.06 

1.40

15.77

Percent 

of 

rainfall.

18.6 

71.9 

44.1 

27.6 

75.3 

148.2 

49.7 

99.1 

10.8 

8.0 

-4.3 

16.3

37.2

Rainfall 

(inches).

6.33 

1.28 

2.70 

3.26 

3.80 

2.26 

4.61 

1.10 

3.34 

3.64 

1.41 

8.58

42.31
THAMES RIVER BASES'. 75

Summary of yield and rainfall in Lake Cochituate basin near Codiituate, Mass., for ike 

years ending Sept. SO, 1864-1918.

[Drainage area, 17.58 square miles.]

Month.

November....................

December.....................

Ajpril.... ......................

May.... ...

July.. ..................

Total 

yield 

(million 

gallons).

15,573.6 

21,263.5 

26,825.8 

32,552.6 

41, 150. 2 

64, 116. 7 

47,959.6 

28,883.9 

13,507.9 

7,823.9 

11,140.1 

11,305.9

322, 103. 7

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.519 

.733 

.895 

1.086 

1.507 

2.139 

1.653 

.966 

.466 

.261 

.372 

.390

.912

Secondfeet.

0.803 

1.134 

1.385 

1.682 

2.332 

3.309 

2.558 

1.495 

.721 

.404 

.576 

.603

1.411

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.93 

1.26 

1.60 

1.94 

2.45 

3.82 

2.85 

1.72 

.80 

.47 

.66 

.67

19.17

Percent 

of 

rainfall.

22.9 

32.6 

44.7 

50.3 

62.5 

89.5 

81.8 

48.6 

26.3 

12.6 

16.2 

18.8

42.6

Rainfall 

(inches).

4.06 

3.86 

3.58 

3.86 

3.92 

4.27 

3.48 

3.54 

3.04 

3.72 

4.07 

3.57

44.97

THAMES RIVER BASIN. 

v QOTNEBATTG RIVES AT JEWETT CITY, CONN.

LOCATION. About 1,000 feet below railroad bridge and 570 feet below mouth of canal 

from Slater Mills (Pachaug River), Jewett City, town of Griswold, New London 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 712 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 17 to September 30,1918.

GAGES. Gurley 7-day graph water-stage recorder on left bank, referred to gage datum 

by a hook gage inside the well; an inclined staff gage is used for auxiliary readings. Recorder inspected by A. B. Ambot.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of gravel and alluvial deposits. Control for low 

stages is fairly well denned riffle a few hundred feet below the gages; at high stages 

the control is at head of rapids 2\ miles below the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage July 17 to September 30, from waterstage recorder, 9.42 feet at 3 p. m. September 27 (discharge, 3,430 second-feet); 

minimum stage July 17 to September 30, from water-stage recorder, 4.22 feet at 

midnight July 28 (water held back by dams) (discharge, from extension of rating 

curve, 104 second-feet).

ICE. Probably little, if any, effect from ice during the winter.

RSGULATION. The flow of Pachaug River, which drains 59.7 square miles and enters 

Quinebaug River through the canal 570 feet above the gage, is under almost 

complete regulation. Numerous small reservoirs and power plants on the main 

river and tributaries above the station also affect the distribution of flow. The 

operation of mills at Jewett City causes a large variation in discharge.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent. Rating curve well 

defined between 200 and 6,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder 

satisfactory except for short period as stated in footnote to daily-discharge table. 

Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Records good.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. W. Fear: 

Sept. 21, 1918: Gage height, 7.61 feet; discharge, 1,800 second-feet. 1

i Ten discharge measurements made subsequent to Sept. 30 were used in determining the discharge 

rating curve.
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Quinebaug River at Jewett City, Conn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

July. Aug.

880

730

540

405

620

620

620

540

660

560

Sept.

195

200

370

390

365

395

280

175

380

Day.

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

July.

510

510

520

390

Aug.

500

1,060

850

780

680

740

550

305

530

510

Sept.

355

350

465

510

495

550

600

700

1,400

1,360

Day.

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

18.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

July.

245

445

485

530

500

490

345

130

430

445

600

Aug.

490

490

465

370

145

370

375

355

365

355

200

Sept.

1,800

1,580

1,500

1,180

950

940

2,750

2,700

2,050

1,700

NOTE. Water-stage recorder not in operation Sept. 15-18; discharge estimated.

Monthly discharge ofQuinebaug River at Jewett City, Conn., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 712 square miles.]

Month.

July 17-31.. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

600 

1,060 

2,750

Minimum.

130 

145 

175

Mean.

438 

537 

902

Per 

square 

mile.

0.615 

.754 

1.27

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.34 

.87 

1.42

CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN.

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT FIRST LAKE, NEAR PITTSBURGH, N. H.

LOCATION. At the outlet of First Lake, 6 miles northeast of Pittsburg, Coos County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 81.4 square miles (from surveys by engineers of the Connecticut 

Valley Lumber Co.).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1917, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder on right bank about one-fourth mile below 

the outlet dam; installed in July, 1918; inclined staff gage at same site installed in 

November, 1917, and used in determining sluice-gate ratings; scales on gate 

frames indicate amount of sluice-gate openings; staff gage in lake above dam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT. Made from log bridge half a mile below gage, by wading, 

or from cable 200 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough; rock bottom. Channel at cable section hap 

been improved by removal of rocks and ledges. Control for river gage is rock 

ledge that extends completely across the stream; about 3 feet of fall immediately 

below ledge.

COMPUTATION OP DISCHARGE. Beginning July 28, 1918, discharge determined from 

water-stage recorder. Previous to installation of water-stage recorder discharge 

through three sluice gates, 6 feet, 8 feet, and 20 feet in width, determined from 

gate ratings based on current-meter measurements and comparative readings of 

river gage, or from daily readings of river gage when gates remained at same 

opening for 24 hours. Discharge through one water wheel, used when slasher 

was in operation determined from figures of water-wheel efficiency and power 

output.

ICE. Practically no effect from ice on the control section for river gage; formation 

of ice in the sluice-gate openings materially changes conditions at gates.
CONNECTICUT KIVEK BASIN. 77

REGULATION. About 4.1 billion cubic feet of storage has been developed in lakes 

and ponds above the gage; records of monthly discharge have been corrected for 

effect of storage in First Lake but not for effects of storage in lakes tributary to 

First Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation for river gage practically permanent. Rating 

curve for river gage well defined below 800 second-feet. Operation of waterstage recorder satisfactory from its installation July 28,1918. Rating curves 

for middle and upper leaves of 6-foot and 8-foot gates fairly well defined for periods 

used. Rating curves for lower sections of gates and for conditions of weir discharge 

somewhat uncertain. Daily discharge for January, February, March, and July 

to September 30,1918, ascertained by applying gage height at river gage to rating 

table; daily discharge for other periods ascertained by applying records of gate 

openings to rating table and giving due consideration to times of opening and 

closing gates and changes in gate settings. Records good for periods when river 

gage was used and fair for periods when records of gate openings were used.

Daily gage height, in feet, of First Lake near Pittsburg, N. H., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

20.0

19.7

19.5

19.3

19.3

19.2

19.1

18.9

18.7

18.5

18.3

18.0

17.4

17.2

17.3

17.2

17.0

16.8

16.5

16.3

16.3

16.1

15.8

15.6

15.4

'l5.2

14.9

14.6

14.5

14.4

15.4

Nov.

16.5

16.8

16.9

17.5

17.9

18.1

18.1

18.4

18.6

18.9

19.2

19.4

19.5

1O 7

19.9

20.0

20.1

20.2

20.3

20.4

20.4

20.2

20.1

19.9

19.8

19.8

19.6

1O 1

19.3

19.0

Dec.

18.9

18.7

18.5

18.2

18.0

18.0

17.9

17.7

17.5

17.4

17.2

17.0

16.8

16.6

16.4

16.2

16.0

15.8

15.5

15.2

14.9

14.7

14.5

14.2

13.9

13.6

13.4

to I

12.8

12.5

12.2

Jan.

11.9

11.7

11.5

11.3

11.0

10.8

10.5

10.4

10.2

10.0

9.7

Q C

9.4

O 9

8 Q

8.6

8.4

8.2

8.0

7.8

7.6

7.4

7.3

7.1

6 9

6.7

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

Feb.

6.1

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.9

4 O

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4 1

4.0

4.0

3

n

Q Q

3 Q

3.8

3.8

Mar.

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3 A

3.5

3.4

3.5

Apr.

3.4

3.8

4.3

4.7

5.0

5.2

5.5

5 7

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.5

6.6

6.8

7.1

7.4

7.6

7.8

8.0

8.1

8.3

8.7

9.2

9 7

10.0

10.3

10.6

11.0

12.0

l([ay.

13.1

14.0

14.6

15.0

15.4

15.9

16.4

17.0

17.6

18.0

18.3

19.0

19.2

19 6

20.1

20.5

20.5

20.6

20.6

20.5

f

t

Q

2

20.1

20.0

(20.1

20 4

20 3

20 2

June.

20.0

19.9

19.9

19.8

19.6

19.5

19.4

19.4

19.4

1Q A

19.4

19.4

19.3

»

o

19.1

19.0

18.9

19.0

19.0

18.9

18.8

18.6

18.5

18.5

18.4

18.4

18.4

18.2

18.0

18.0

July.

17.9

17.8

17.7

17.6

17.6

17.5

17.4

17.3

17.3

17.3

17.4

17.4

17.2

17.3

17.4

18.0

18.1

18.3

18.4

18.8

18.9

19.0

1O 4

1Q 9

19.2

1Q °.

19.4

1Q °.

1Q 1

19.1

19.3

Aug.

19.3

19.2

19.1

19.0

18.7

18.5

18.3

18.0

17.8

17.8

17.4

17.2

16.8

16.4

16.1

15.7

15.4

15.3

15.2

15.0

14.8

14.7

U E

14.4

14.2

13.7

13.5

13.2

12.9

12.7

Sept.

12.5

12.2

11.9

11.5

11.3

10.9

10.6

10.1

9.9

9

C

9.1

8.9

8.4

8.3

7 I

7.7

7.5

7.2

7.1

7.0

7.0

7.3

7.8

8.2

8.5

8.7

9.2

a

e

10.2

10.8
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

3o

4e

40

5o

5o

60

60

7o

7o

Made by 

C.H. Pierce............

M. K. Stackpole........

C.H. Pierce............

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.72

1 79

9 fl7

2.07

2.33

2.33

1.96

1 Oft

2.20

2.50

2.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

37.2

39.6

00

111

203

184

66

75

140

145

253

267

Date.

Nov. 7o

7o

80

80

9o

9»

Apr. 296

296

29c

MaylOd

ISd

Made by 

.....do..................

J. P. Locke.. ...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................

&L

Feet. 

2.66

2.66

1.86

1.86

2.20

2.20

1.53

1.53

1.53

2.71

e5.3

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

332

328

58

64

151

148

12.3

13.3

27.9

374

433

o Measurement made about half a mile below gage; practically no inflow between gage and measuring 

section. Section rough and conditions unsuitable for current-meter measurements.

& Measurement made by wading 300 ± feet above gage.

« Measurement made about half a mile below gage; considerable inflow between gage and measuring 

section; results of measurement not corrected for inflow. Section rough and conditions unsuitable for 

current-meter measurements.

* Measurement made about half a mile below gage; results of measurement corrected for inflow between 

gage and measuring section. Section rough and conditions unsuitable for current-meter measurements.

e Stage-discharge relation affected by log jam on control.

NOTE. Measurements made at cable section except as noted. Twenty-three discharge measurements 

made subsequent to September 30 were used in determining the discharge rating curve.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10... ..,. .......

u... ...........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

151

90

104

202

164

169

269

331

328

328

tso

385

444

426

431

431

460

586

551

519

532

500

469

460

535

507

476

383

307

120

87

Nov.

92

17

38

47

20

33

105

36

37

23

24

24

25

26

26

97

27

27

28

104

353

348

243

295

OEQ

246

313

392

414

334

Dec.

410

4(17

377

204

191

311

297

285

280

270

286

407

360

Qcn

345

349

520

494

423

365

319

441

503

486

392

520

309

302

313

440

Jan.

356

376

350

348

407

387

QOC

303

281

294

3ns

303

281

298

332

345

360

330

303

290

273

260

9W

240

232

224

216

205

201

194

Feb.

186

182

17O

175

171

164

169

194

181

182

17<5

167

157

150

139

132

125

119

113

110

107

104

OS

92

so

87

84

84

Mas.

84

84

82

82

70

82

82

82

82

82

79

70

79

79

70

77

80

79

78

75

57

52

52

53

53

54

54

54

55

u

55

Apr.

33

7

7

8

8

8

8

8

26

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

10

10

31

10

10

10

10

11

35

11

11

11

38

May.

13

13

14

15

15

56

15

19

72

173

16

193

181

202

162

279

279

269

269

350

279

270

216

259

264

264

279

270

292

287

274

June.

255

17

233

231

238

342

356

260

51

342

376

375

369

287

95

296

267

196

351

349

321

335

OEQ

267

94Q

374

358

305

196

July.

203

205

183

186

183

90

190

63

171

185

15

207

279

332

15

149

292

291

308

443

373

411

416

364

308

369

432

411

358

303

209

Aug.

330

363

345

376

450

419 4315

503 427-

505

511

547

547

543

452

447

193

231

240

*>A «,

94 <5

245

240

240

oofi

233

280

333

382

423

443

Sept.

419

393

371

404

450

451

432

409

406

415

419

417

457

434

402

375

347

331

315

310

' 12010

10

10

10

1011111111
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pitteburg, N. H.,for the yea*

ending Sept. 30,1918.

[Drainagearea, 81.4 square miles.]

Months.

November. ...................

February. ....................

April.........................

May..........................

July..........................

August.......................

Observed discharge 

(second-feet).

Maximum.

586 

414 

520 

407 

194 

84 

38 

292 

376 

443 

547 

457

586

Minimum.

87 

17 

191 

194 

84 

52 

7 

13 

17 

15 

193 

10

7

Mean.

359 

133 

366 

292 

140 

70.9 

13.0 

176 

268 

256 

368 

272

228

Gain or 

lost In 

storage In 

First Lake 

(millions 

of cubic 

feet).

- 555.8 

+ 421.5 

- 772.3 

- 615.0 

- 215.9 

- 29.1 

+ 838.6 

+ 934.2 

- 266.6 

+ 156.6 

- 754.7 

- 201.7

- 1,080.2

Discharge 

corrected for 

storage 

(second-feet).

Mean.

151 

296 

78 

62 

51 

60 

337 

525 

165 

314 

86 

194

193

Per 

square 

mile.

1.85 

3.64 

.958 

.762 

.627 

.737 

4.14 

6.45 

2.03 

3.86 

1.06 

2.38

2.38

Runoff 

(depth 

in 

inches 

on 

drainage 

area).

2.13 

4.06 

1.10 

.88 

.65 

.85 

4.62 

7.44 

2.26 

4.45 

1.18 

2.66

32.28

NOTE. Not corrected for effect of storage in Second Lake.

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT ORFORD, N. E.

LOCATION. At covered highway bridge between Orford, N. H., and Fairlee, Vt., 10 

miles downstream (by river) from mouth of Waits River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,100 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 6, 1900, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Inclined staff on left bank 25 feet below bridge; chain attached to upstream 

side of bridge is also used at certain stages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Open-water measurements made from cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and deep, with gravelly bottom; control for 

high stages is at the dam at Wilder, 20 miles below station.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 21.5 feet at 7 

a. m. April 3 (discharge, 29,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.08 feet 

at 6 p. m. August 30 (discharge, 920 second-feet).

1900-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 33.4 feet at 12 noon March 28, 1913 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 57,300 second-feet); minimum 24-hour 

discharge, 288 second-feet, September 28,1908.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice, usually from December to 

March; ice cover usually remains in place throughout the winter.

REGULATION. About 4,100 million cubic feet of storage has been developed at First 

and Second Connecticut lakes and tributary streams above Pittsburg. There 

are several power plants above the station, but the operation of these mills does 

not seriously affect the distribution of flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected at times by use of flashboards at Wilder 

dam and, during the winter, by ice. Several rating curves were used during 

the year, depending upon the condition of flashboards. Gage read to tenths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table. Records good.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at Orford, N-. H., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 9

9

Nov. 1

10

Jan. 3

23

Feb. 14

Mar. 8

21

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

M. K. Stackpole. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.46

8.38

19.72

7.89

a7.00

«5.48

o 5 90

«5.70

«7.90

«8.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,380

5,460

25,400

5,030 9 fiKri

1,460

1 KAf\

1,290

2,820

3,360

Date.

IK

15

May 23

14

July 216

22c

Sept. 2c

Made by 

H. W. Fear............

.....do.................

.....do.................

H. W. Fear............

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

16.85

11.71

11.82

7.72

7.04

7.21

6.22

5.86

3.86

4.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

19,700

10,400

10,900

5,230

4,420

4,780

2,340

2,310

1,390

1,570

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

& 5 feet of flashboards on dam at Wilder; mill not running (Sunday).

c 5 feet of flashboards on dam at Wilder; mill in oneration.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.... .......

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11........... 

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

29...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Oct.

2,350

2,840

3,020

3,020

3,500

4,920

6,480

6,000

5,280

5,040

4,800 

4,140

4,140

4,580

4,360

4,360

4,800

5,280

4,580

4,250

4,580

4,800

4,580

4,030

4,250

5,280

5,520

5,640

5,760

6,960

21,800

Nov.

24,300

23,100

18,000

11,900

8,800

7,340

6,370

5,850

5,460

4,840

4,720 

4,240

4,020

3,800

3,400

3,200

3,100

3,000

3,000

3,000

2,910

3,000

3,000

2,910

2,730

2,550

2,460

2 190

2^020

2,020

Dec.

2,070

2,510

2,670

2,670

2,510

2,510

2,350

2,070

2,070

2,070

1,930 

1,790

1,590

1,530

1,590

1,720

1,790

1,860

1,860

2,000

2,140

2,140

2,280

2,140

2,210

2,140

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,720

1,720

Jan.

1,720

1,590

1,590

1,410

1,410

1,530

1,470

1,590

1,470

1,530

1,590

1 KQf|

1,590

1,470

1 Qfift

1,530

1,530

1,530

1,650

1,650

1,470

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,470

1,410

1,410

1,300

Feb.

1 <>K/>

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,250

1,350

1,250

1 OKA

1,250

1 -ten

1,150 

1,150

1 1 PIft

1,200

1,250

1,350

1 K.nn

1,720

2,000

2 nnn

9 9Sft

2,590

9 7PIft

2,930

2

QA{\

2 840

3' 920

4,590

Mar.

4,800

4,580

4,360

3,700

3,300

3,200

3,020

2 7K.fl

2,590

2,590

2,430 

2,350

9 91ft

2,210

2,210

2,000

2,070

2 91ft

2 EQA

3

Af\n

5,280

7,320

8,040

8,530

9 1 Oft

9,050

0 1£A

8,160

9,440

12,500

Apr.

20,300

24,700

28,900

26,000

22,700

20,300

16,500

15,000

15, 700

17 000

15,000 

12,800

11,200

10,600

10,600

19 ftftfl

15,000

 1C QAA

16,700 jo cfin

10,800

11,600

14,100

15,000

IK 4flf|

14,000

11,900

10,200

10,600

12,600

May.

16,700

20,500

20,500

16,400

12,600

10,400

9,770

9,920

10,100

8,600

9,770 

11,300

10,700

13,300

17,800

17 400

14' 200

10,100

8,020

fi onn

6,360

5,840

5,080

4,840

4,260

2, 850

2,650

4,610

4 840

4', 960

4,380

June.

4 840

5,460

5,080

2,850

2,380

2,030

2,110

3,050

5,460

5,330

3,710 

2,650

3,710

4,500

5,330

5,080

4,380

3,710

3,270

3

ACA

2,650

2,650

3,600

4,610

5,700

5,700

4,720

3

QOA

3,050

2,650

July.

2,850

2,950

2,850

2,470

2,110

1,950

2,030

2,110

2,500

2,710

2,860 

3,100

3,100

3,100

3,540

4,430

4,330

3,630

3,100

2,710

2

JOA

2,360

2,030

1,720

1,620

1

EQA

1,520

1,430

1,430

1,430

1,520

Aug.

1,770

2,430

2,220

1,920

1,820

1,670

1,620

1,970

3,630

8,520

7,120 

4,940

3,910

3,140

3,050

3,320

2,620

2 91ft

1,960

1,520

1,370

1,210

1,160

1,160

1,210

1,060

1,210

1,010

1,010

910

1,060

Sept.

1,260

1,670

2,310

1,840

1,780

1,620

1,520

1,520

1,720

2,310

2,700 

2,380

1,670

1,350

1,520

1 Qfifl

2,540

2,540

2,700

3,620

6,220

10,100

10,200

8,600

7 600

9,320

14,800

17 800 le'soo

12,100

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Nov. 24 to Mar 31; daily discharge determined 

from gage heights corrected for .effect of ice by means of six discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records.
CONNECTICUT EIVER BASIN. 81

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H., for the year ending Sept, 30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 3,100 square miles.]

Month.

November. . ............

January................

February ...............

March.

April...................

May....................

July....................

Observed discharge (second-feet).

Maximum.

21,800 

24,300 

2,670 

1,720 

4,590 

12,500 

28,900 

20,500 

5,700 

4,430 

8,520 

17,800

28,900

Minimum.

2,350 

2,020 

1,530 

1,300 

1,150 

2,000 

10,200 

2.650 

2,030 

1,430 

910 

1,260

910

Mean.

5,190 

5,910 

2,040 

1,510 

1,840 

4,730 

15,600 

9,860 

3,910 

2,500 

2,380 

5,120

5,050

Gain or loss 

in storage at 

First Connecticut 

Lake (millions of 

cubic feet).

- 555.8 

+ 421.5 

- 772. 3 

- 615. 0 

- 215. 9 

- 29.1 

+ 838.6 

+ 934.2 

- 266.6 

+ 156.6 

- 754.7

- 201.7

i f)ftf\ O

Discharge corrected 

for storage 

(second-feet).

Mean.

4,980 

6,070 

1,750 

1,280 

1,750 

4,720 

15,900 

10,200 

3,810 

2,440 

. 2,100 

5,040

5,020

Per 

square 

mile.

1.61 

1.96 

.565 

.413 

.565 

1.52 

5.13 

3.29 

1.23 

.787 

.677 

1.63

1.62

Run-off, 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.86 

2.19 

.65 

.48 

.59 

1.75 

5.72 

3.79 

1.37 

.91 

.78 

1.82

21.91

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT STTNDEELAND, MASS.

LOCATION. At five-span steel highway bridge at Sunderland, Franklin County, on 

road leading to South Deerfield, 18 miles in a direct line and 24 miles by river 

above dam at Holyoke. Deerfield River enters from west about 8 miles above 

station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 31, 1904, to September 30,1918.

GAGES. Chain on downstream side of bridge read by V. Lawer. Sanborn water-stage 

recorder installed September 3, 1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep; bottom of coarse gravel and alluvial deposits. 

Control at low stages not well defined, but practically permanent. At high stages 

the control is at the crest of the dam at Holyoke.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 21.6 feet at 6 p. m. 

April 3 (discharge, 70,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.6 foot at 6 

a. m. August 26 (discharge, 700 second-feet).

1904-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 30.7 fieet during the night of March 28, 

1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, computed from extension o,f rating curve, * about 108,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.6 

foot September 28,1914, and August 26,1918 (discharge, 700 second-feet).

ICE. The river usually freezes over early in the winter, buj; the ice is likely to break 

up at times of sudden rises in stage and at those times it occasionally forms ice 

jams at Northampton, 10 miles below the station, causing several feet of backwater at the gage.

REGULATION. Distribution 6f flow affected by operation of power plants at Turners 

Falls, and by regulation of Deerfield River. (See Deerfield River at Charlemont, 

Mass.) The effect of the regulation is shown by low water at the gage on Sundays 

and Mondays. Storage in Somerset reservoir and First Connecticut Lake has 

little effect on the monthly discharge as measured at Sunderland.

i Taken from revised rating curve and supersedes figures published in previous reports. 

498° 21 WSP 471 6
82 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve (fig. 1) used in revision of records is well defined between 

1,000 and 75,000 second-feet. Chain gage read to half-tenths twice daily; gage 

heights from water-stage recorder used for stages below 10.0 feet (24,700 secondfeet). Daily discharge ascertained by applying gage height to rating table and 

making correction for effect of ice during winter. Records previously published 

have been revised by means oi a more accurately determined rating curve making 

use of all discharge measurements. Records good.

4O.OOO 50,000 60,OOO 

DISCHAR&E IN SECOND-FEET

FIGURE 1. Rating curves for Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass. Measurements 40-70 were made 

during period 1913-1919. Measurements made when stage-discharge relation was affected byicenotshown 

on diagram.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., during 1913-1918.

Date.

1913. 

Aug. 10

1914. Jan. 17

Mar. 5

Aug. 20

Nov. 2

1915.

Feb. 7 

24

97

28

Made by 

C. H. Pierce........"...

Pierce and Barnes. ..... 

.....do.................

C.H. Pierce...........

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.54

04.20

013.42

10 CQ

2.22

1.10

o3.60

05.88

o6.45 

o7.15

OI 97

17.50 

4 48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4.700

26,400 

58 400

2' 530

1,180

2 7fifl

5,780

7,800 

9 040

67o',00(r

653,200 

7,050

Date.

1916. 

Tan. 22

Feb. 1

4 

Mar. 24

31

°T)AP *7

1917

Feb. 1 

Mar. 3

1918.

Feb. 11

Mar. 17

Made by 

.....do................. 

HardinThweatt.......

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

H. W. Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o9.03

ol6.94

ol5.88

a 19. 05 

8.60

o5.92

o6.36

o8.44

o5.27

o3.53

o7.40 

6.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

c8,500

46,800

33,500 

8,490

50.900 

19,300

6,490

6,700 

10,600

4,450

1,680

6,330 

11,300

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

6 Measurement recomputed since publication in Water-Supply Papers 401 and 415.

c Partly estimated.

NOTE. Two discharge measurements obtained in April, 1919, were used in determining the rating curve.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 83

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years

ending Sept. 30, 1904-1918.

Day.

1904. 

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

1904-5. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4... ...........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21............:.

22..............

23..............

21..............

25..............

28..............

97

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31-.-..:........

Oct.

18,400 

17,800 

18,400 

18,100 

16,000

14,000 

11,300 

9,810 

8,690 

8,160

8,420 

9,240 

9,810 

9,520 

9,520

9,240 

8,160 

8,160 

7,420 

7,180

7,420 

25,500 

22,500 

18.800 

15,700

13,300 

11,700 

12,800 

12,000 

10,700 

10.100

Nov.

9,520 

8,690 

8,420 

£,910 

7,660

7,420 

6,720 

6,950 

6,490 

6,270

5,830 

5,620 

5,200 

5,200 

5,830

5,830 

5,830 

5,200 

4,790 

5,200

5,200 

6,050 

7,420 

7,180 

6,950

6,490 

6,490 

6,490 

6,720 

7,180

Dec.

6,950 

6,950 

8,420 

9,240 

7,660

7,180 

7,420 

7,180 

7,180 

6,720

5,200 

4,800 

4,400 

4,000 

3,700

3,300 

3,200 

2,700 

2,900 

2,700

2,600 

2,400 

2,400 

2,400 

2,200

2,400 

2,600 

2,600 

2,600 

2,600 

2.600

Jan.

2,300 

2,600 

2,700 

2,700 

2,700

2,700 

2,700 

2,600 

2,900 

3,000

3,200 

3,200 

3,300 

3,300 

3,200

3,000 

3,000 

2,900 

2,700 

2,700

2,600 

2,300 

2,600 

2,600 

2,600

2,600 

2,600 

2,600 

2,300 

2,300 

2.200

Feb.

2,100 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

1,900

2,000 

2,000 

2,100 

2,100 

2,200

2,000 

2,000 

2,200 

2,300 

2,300

2,300 

2,300 

2,300 

2,000 

2,200

2,100 

2,100 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000

1,900 

2,000 

2,000

Mar.

"i

 37 7fifi

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000

2,100 

2,200 

2,200 

2,300 

2,300

2,400 

2,400 

2,600 

2,600 

2,600

2,600 

2,600 

2,600 

2,900 

4,000

5,200 

5,600 

6,000 

7,900 

12,300

31,200 

61,300 

73,800 

73,400 

84,200 

92.400

Apr.

34,200 

42,000 

43,100 

36,100 

31,200

31,500 

34,200 

38,800 

47,000 

56,900

58,100 

54,100 

48,600 

42,300 

35, 700

30,000 

26,200 

24,700 

25,500 

25,100

23,200 

21,700 

22,100 

23,200 

26,200

32,700 

36,900 

47,800 

68,500 

69,300

93,300 

79,200 

63,700 

53,300 

45,500

45,500 

49,400 

43,900 

37,700 

33,800

38,400 

49,000 

47,800 

42,300 

38,400

34,600 

30,800 

27,400 

24,000 

21,000

19,900 

22,500 

27,000 

28,500 

27,400

24,700 

22,500 

21,000 

20,300 

21,000

May.

62,100 

54,900 

48,600 

44,700 

40,800

36,100 

33,100 

29,600 

26,600 

25,500

25,800 

28,100 

28,500 

26,200 

22,100

22,500 

25,100 

28,100 

32,700 

42,300

44,300 

40,000 

33,800 

27,400 

22,500

20,300 

19,500 

17,800 

15,300 

14,000 

13,300

22,100 

22,500 

21,400 

20,300 

19,500

20,300 

21,000 

21,000 

20,600 

19,500

18,800 

17,400 

16,700 

16,000 

14,700

15,000 

16,700 

16,700 

16,000 

14,700

13,600 

12,600 

12,600 

11/700 

10,700

8,960 

8,420 

7,660 

8,690 

10,700 

9.810

June.

12,000 

9,240 

9,240 

8,960 

8,160

7,660 

9,240 

11,000 

15,700 

17,400

13,300 

10,100 

8,420 

7,910 

6,950

6,270 

5,830 

5,410 

4,400 

3,850

4,030 

4,210 

3,850 

3,670 

3,670

3,670 

3,670 

3,500 

3,670 

4,030

8,690 

7,660 

6,950 

6,490 

6,270

6,950 

7,180 

8,960 

9,810 

8,960

7,910 

6,720 

6,720 

7,420 

8,420

8,960 

8,960 

7,660 

6,720 

6,950

7,910 

15,000 

16,700 

13,300 

9,810

8,420 

9,520 

9,520 

11,300 

13,000

July.

5,410 

6,950 

6,950 

5,830 

5,200

4,990 

4,790 

4,790 

4,590 

4,400

4,030 

3,670 

3,170 

3,330 

3,170

3,170 

3,170 

3,670 

3,330 

3,500

3,330 

3,020 

2,720 

2,080 

2,720

3,020 

2,720 

2,870 

3,020 

3,170 

3,670

12,000 

9,520 

7,420 

13,600 

22,100

21,700 

17,000 

12,600 

9,520 

7,660

7,180 

6,270 

5,830 

5,620 

5,200

4,790 

4,590 

4,990 

4,990 

5,410

5,830 

5,830 

5,620 

4,790 

4,790

4,400 

4,210 

4,210 

4,030 

4,030 

10.700

Aug.

4,400 

3,500 

3,330 

3,670 

3,850

3,670 

3,500 

3,330 

2,450 

3,170

3,670 

3,500 

2,720 

2,580 

2,450

1,960 

3,020 

3,020 

3,170 

3,670

8,420 

7,910 

8,160 

7,910 

8,160

7,180 

6,720 

5,830 

4,790 

4,210 

4,030

27,000 

21,400 

17*400 

15,700 

12,600

8,960 

7,910 

7,660 

6,950 

6,270

6,720

8,420 

8,420 

7,910 

7,420

7,660 

12,600 

16,000 

14,000 

11,300

8,960 

7,910 

6,490 

5,620 

5,410

4,790 

4,790 

4,400 

4,210 

4,790 

6.960

Sept.

3,850 

3,500 

3,020 

2,720 

2,720

3,330- 

3,330 

5,200 

5,200 

4,790

4,400 

4,030 

3,670 

3,500 

13,000

19,900 

14,700 

13,300 

12,000 

9,520

7,660 

6,950 

8,160 

9,240 

8,420

7,910 

11,000 

12,000 

12,000 

13,600

7,180 

10,100 

16,400 

33,800 

42,300

35,000 

27,700 

22,500 

18,100 

14,700

12.000 

12,600 

17,400 

16,700 

13,300

11,000 

9,520 

9,810 

39,200 

39,200

34,200 

33,100 

27,000 

21,700 

17,400

14,700 

12,600 

11,700 

10,700 

10,100
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. 80,1904-1918 Continued.

Day.

1905-6. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7.... ....... .

8..............

9.... . ..... .

10..............

11...... ... . .

12.... ... .

13.... ... . .

14 .

15 ..

16 . .

17 ........

18

19 . .

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27 .. .

28

29 30 . " " ' """

31..............

1906-7.

J---V-..

45 ' ' ""

6

7....

8

9

10 . "

11

12

13

14

15 .

16

17 .

18

19............ .

20

21

22

23

24 .

25

26.... ... ... .

27..............

28.... ....... .

29.............. 

30..............

31..... .........

Oct.

8,960

8 1 KH

8,420

7,910

7,660

7,180

6,720

6,270

5,620

6,050

6,050

6,270

8,420

8,960

8,690

7,910

7,910

7,180

6,950

7,420

8 OAO

9,520

8,690

S Qftft

8,420

7,660

7,420

6,950

6,270 

5,830

5,830

2,200

2,580

2,870

2,720

2,450

1,730

3,020

2,720

3,170

3,330

3,670

3,500

4,030

5,200

5,410

4,790

4,210

4,030

4 400

7,420

6,720

6,720

6,490

6,270

6,720

7,180

7,910

7,910 

7,660

6,720

Nov.

6,050

6,050

6,050

6,490

7,180

7,660

9,520

12,300

11,700

10,400

9,520

8,960

8 IRA

8,420

8,420

8 1 fin

7 Q1fi

7 660

7)420

7,180

6,720

6,050

5,830

5,830

6,050

5,830

5,830

6 490

6)950 

15,300

6,050

5,830 

5,620

5,200

4,790

4 790

4' 400

4' 400

4)210

4,030

3,850

4,030

4,590

4,790

4 790

4 790

4)400

4 400

6)720

19 3IY)

13,300

13,600

14,000

13,300

11,300

9,520

8,960

S QAfi

8,960 

9 240

.......

Dec.

15,300

12,000

13.300

37,300

on snn

24,300

20,300

17,000

15,300

13,300

12,600

10,700

10,700

9,520

11,300

14,000

10 QArt

10 flftft

12,600 10 nnn

10 nnn

15,000

16,000

15,700

14,000

19 Aftft

12,300

11,700

12,000 

15,700

17,400

7 Q1A

7,420 

6,050

6,500

6

CATI

e Qftn

5,800

5,600

5,000

5,600

5,600

5,600

5 400

*»' 4ftn

5,200

4

cnn

5,200

5.400

5

Anf\

5,400

5,200

5,200

4 400

5)000

5,000

5,000

5,000

5 000

5,000 

4,600

4,800

Jan.

18,100

17,000

14,000

13,300

14,700

15,700

14,700

14,000

13,300

13,000

12,300

12,600

14,700

15,700

14,700

14,700

16,000

16,000

15,700

14,300

13,600

14,300

27,700

46 200

54)lOO

41,200

34 600

on nnn

25,500 

19,500

16,400 

5,000

5,000 

5,000

7,000

20,300

1Q 9flH

17,400

IQ QAA

17,000

14,700

14,000

13,300

10,700

11,700

11,000

9,500

8,700

7)000

6,000

6,500

6,500

6 qnn

5,800

5)600

5 400

4)800

5

oAft

5,800

5 OAA

5,600

Feb.

15,300

IA inn

14,000

9,500

9,800

10,000

10,000

10,000

10,000

10,000

8,600

8,600

8,600

8,000

7,800

7,400

7 4ftn

6,700

6,700

6,800

7,000

7,400

11,000

15,000

17,000

18,100

18,100

17,400

5,400

5,400 

4,800

5,400

5,600

5,600

5400

5 4fin

5,400

4)800

5,200

5,200

5,000

4,800

4,800

4 400

3)700

4)400

4 400

4,200

4,200

4,000

3,700

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

.......

Mar.

16,700

15,000

14,700

24,700

30,000

24,000

19,900

17,400

16,700

14,300

10,100

8,960

7,660

7,420

7,910

10,700

12,000

8,690

6,490

9,520

10,700

7,660

6,050

5,620

5,620

5,200

5,830

16,400

26,200

90 inn

27,400 

4 400

4)800 

A Ann

4,800

4,800

5,000

4,800

4,800

4,800

4 400

4,600

4,800

5,200

5,400

5,600

5,600

4,800

I0)l00

15,300

20,300

21,700

97 JJTfl

49.800

40 000

90 rnn

22,100

26,200

43,100

*V7 °/Vl

60,900

Apr.

26,200

22,500

19,200

19,200

24,000

30,000

31,500

27,400

24,700

23,200

22,500

25,500

w\ 4ftn

34,200

48,600

76,300

75,100

67,700

62,100

*ai ctnn

55,300

51,300

49,000

46 600

4l)600

35,300

28,900

26,600

22,500 

21,700

55,300

49,400 

in nnn

33,800

30 800

32,300

30,800

27,700

25,500

24,000

22,500

21,000

21,000

21,700

24,000

26,200

25,500

24,000

23,200

91 7ftfi

19,500

18,400

18,100

22,500

Ai) nnn

48,200

55,300

62,500

55,300 

50,500

May.

22,500

22,500

26,600

31,500

30,000

27,000

26,200

25,500

24,000

28,900

32,700

31,200

28,100

28,500

32,700

31,500

29,300

27,000

24,000

22,100

21,400

20,300

18,100

16,000

14,000

14,700

17,400

45,500

68,100 

62,900

49,000 

49,400

52 500 

54,100

53,700

48,200

40,400

35,300

32,300

28,900

27,700

27 700

27,000

24,700

21,700

20,300

28,500

36,100

33,400

on, nnn

26,200

22,800 10 oon

17,400

15,300

14. nnn

13,300

16 400

16)700 

15,300

13,600

June.

36,900

28,100

22,500

21,000

19,900

18,100

17,800

19,500

24,300

25,500

24,700

22,500

19,500

16,400

14,000

11,300

10,400

12,300

16,000

15,700

13,300

11,000

9,240

10,700

15,700

16,000

14,300

12,000

10,700 

8,960

12,600

11,300 

14,700

19,900

17,800

20,600

20,300

17 800

15)300

13,600

13,000

11,700

10,700

9,520

7,910

7,420

6,950

6,490

6,270

6,050

6,270

8,960

13,600

12,600

10,700

8,420

7,660

7,910

7,910

9

COA

July.

10,700

17,400

16,700

15,000

14,000

13,000

11,000

9,240

8,160

7,420

7,420

7,420

7,420

7,420

6,490

5,830

5.200

6,270

7,660

6,720

5,620

5,410

6,490

6,720

6,950

6,270

5,620

4,790

4,790 

5,830

7,180 

12,600

13,300 

14,300

15,300

16,000

14,700

12,300

10,100

8,160

7,420

7 isn

7,420

11 000 10)400

8,960

8 A9.fi

8,420

8 IRA

7,910

6,490

6,050.

6,490

5,830

5.620

7,910

S Qfifi

7,420

6,720

6,050 

5,620

5,830

Aug.

8,690

8,420

7,660

7,910

7,910

6,950

6,270

6,490

5,620

4' 790

4,400

4,210

4,030

3,850

3,850

3,670

3,670

3,330

2,580

2,870

2,450

3,020

4,400

3,330

3,330

2,870

3,500

3,330

3,500 

6,050

6,490 

6,490

7,180 

8,420

9,520

9 9JJ1

S oftft

8,420

7,910

7,180

6,720

6,050

5,200

4 790

4' 030

3,850

4,030

3,670

3,330

3,500

2

CQA

2,870

3,020

3,170

3,020

2,720

2,080

2 080

2J720 

2,580

2,200

Sept.

5,830

4,790

4,210

3,670

3,500

4,030

4,400

4,210

4,030

4,030

3,670

3,330

3,500

3,170

3,020

2,450

3,020

2,580

2,720

2,720

2,720

3,020

2,580

3,330

2,720

2,870

3,020

2,720

2,720 

1,960

2,080

2,080 

2,200

2,320 A iwn

6 4JQT)

6,950

S Qfift

7,910

6,950

6,270

6,050

6 Ann

6,270

6 OKTI

6 OKTI

6,720

S

oon

4

QQA

A. 700

4 400

4)030

4,030

8,420

9,520

9 240

8)420

7,910

8,960 97 nnn.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 85

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. 30,1904-1918 Continued.

Day.

1907-8. 

1. ...... .......

2..............

3.. ............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

1908-9. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

25,100 

22,500 

20.300 

18,800 

22,500

18,400 

16,700 

16,700 

25,500 

27,400

25,800 

25,800 

27,700 

25.500 

23,200

20,600 

18,100 

15,300 

13,600 

12,300

10,700 

11,300 

10,400 

9,810 

9,240

8,420 

8,160 

12,000 

45,500 

60,500 

48,600

1,620 

1,730 

1,730 

1,560 

1,840

1,620 

1,560 

2,080 

2,200 

2*200

1.960 

2,080 

1,840 

1,960 

1,960

1,840 

1,730 

1,400 

1,840

1,840

1,620 

1,840 

1,730 

1,730 

1,180

1,730 

1,730 

1,960 

2,200 

2,200 

2200

Nov.

36,900 

30,000 

47,000 

49,800 

45,500

38,800 

70,200 

71,000 

54,500 

42,300

36,100 

30,800 

26,200 

23,600 

21,000

18,400 

17,000 

15,300 

15,000 

14,300

14,000 

13,600 

14,000 

13,300 

12,600

13,300 

13,300 

12,600 

12,000 

11,700

1,960 

2,080 

1*730 

1,960 

1*960

1,960 

1,960 

1,240 

1,960 

1,730

1,840 

1,960 

2,200 

2,200 

1,730

1,960 

1,960 

2,320 

2' 580 

2,450

2,450 

1,730 

2,450 

1,840 

1^960

2,450 

2,720 

2,450 

1,840 

1,960

Dec.

10,400 

8,960 

8,420 

8,420 

8,160

8,690 

8,960 

8,690 

8,960 

9,520

41,600 

51,300 

47,400 

38,400 

30,400

24,700 

21,700 

19,500 

16,700 

16,000

14,700 

14,000 

14,000 

21,400 

35,000

33,800 

28,100 

24,700 

25,500 

26,200 

28,500

3,670 

4,400 

3! 670 

3,330 

2,720

2,320 

2,720 

3,020 

3,850 

3*850

4,400 

5,830 

5,200 

6,050 

4,990

4,790 

4,790 

3,200 

3,200 

2*600

2,800 

2,400 

2,600 

2,500 

2,300

2,500 

1,900 

2,400 

2,400 

2,300 

2 300

Jan.

27,000 

23,200 

19,500 

17,000 

16,000

14,600 

15,000 

15,300 

16,000 

16,400

12,300 

10,100 

11,000 

13,300 

12,600

11,300 

10,100 

9,500 

8,400 

8,400

7,900 

7,400 

7,900 

8,400 

10,700

10,100 

10,100 

10,400 

10,100 

8,700 

8,300

2,300 

2,300 

1,900 

2,100 

2,300

6,200 

11,700 

12,300 

12,000 

10,900

10,400 

9,500 

8,200 

7,300 

6,500

6,000 

4,600 

4,700 

4,500 

4,500

4,400 

4 400 

4,500 

5,200 

5,600

5,900 

5,600 

5,200 

4,900 

4,800 

4,000

Feb.

8,700 

7,300 

9,000 

8,200 

6,900

7,000 

6,500 

5,600 

5,200 

9,000

7,000 

6,500 

6,400 

6,400 

7,000

35,000 

39,700 

51,300 

36,900 

27,400

19,200

17,000 

15,000 

12,600 

11,700

9,500 

10,400 

11,000 

11,300

4,700 

4,600 

4,400 

4,100 

3,900

3,900 

4,000 

7,200 

8,700 

10,100

11,500 

11 300 

11,000 

9,600 

9,700

9,200 

8,600 

10,400 

12,300 

14*200

20,300 

21,000 

20,300 

22,500 

25,300

23,200 

23,200 

21*400

.......

Mar.

9,500 

11,000 

10,000 

11,000 

9,800

9,500 

8,800 

8,800 

10,000 

11,000

9,700 

10,000 

li,000 

13,300 

25,000

34,600 

40,OuO 

32,300 

25,500 

23,200

19,500 

18,800 

21,000 

28,500 

36,100

41,200 

44,700 

53,700 

58,900 

63,700 

56,500

20,300 

18,300 

15,400 

16,400 

16,700

14,200 

13,100 

13,100 

12,100 

14,200

16,300 

16,300 

17,200 

17,900 

17,000

15,700 

14,700 

12,600 

11,300 

10,100

8,690 

7,910 

7,910 

8,160 

10,100

20,300 

18,800 

18,800 

19,900 

19,500 

19,900

Apr.

47,800 

41,600 

35,700 

30,000 

24,700

22,100 

24,700 

27,700 

36,100 

38,400

35,000 

36,100 

35,300 

32,300 

28,500

28,500 

28,900 

27,700 

28,500 

31,500

29,600 

25,500 

22,500 

23,600 

25,100

28,500 

34,600 

40,800 

48,600 

53,300

20,600 

21,700 

24,000 

24,700 

28,500

38,000 

54,100 

75,100 

75,100 

63,300

50,100 

42,000 

38,400 

57,300 

89,100

95/400 

90,000 

85,000 

79,600 

77,100

71,800 

64,500 

62,100 

55,700 

47,800

42,000 

37,700 

35,000 

34,600 

32,700

May.

58,100 

60,900 

53,300 

48,600 

44,300

38,000 

32,700 

40,800 

46,200 

45,500

42,300 

39,200 

35,300 

32,300 

36,500

36,100 

30,800 

26,200 

23,200 

20,600

19,200 

19,500 

24,700 

21,400

17,400

15,300 

14,700 

14,000 

12,300 

12,600 

20,600

33,100 

35,300 

34,600 

32,700 

32,300

30,800 

31,200 

33,400 

33,800 

33,100

32,300 

33,800 

34,600 

33,800 

31,500

28,500 

27,000 

29,600 

33,100 

33,800

31,900 

29,300 

25500 

22,800 

20,600

19,200 

18,100 

15,300 

15,700 

17,400 

17,400

June.

24,700 

20,600 

19,900 

19,500 

16,700

13,300 

11,300 

9,240 

8,960 

7,660

6,950 

6,490 

6,270 

6,050 

5,410

5,830 

8,160 

15,300 

16,400 

14,000

11,000 

8,690 

7,420 

6,490 

5,830

5,620

4,990 

4,790 

4,030 

4,030

16,700 

16,700 

14 300 

12,600 

11,000

13,600 91 nnft

20 600 

14,000 

12,000

12,300 

9,520 

9.520 

9,520 

7,420

6,490 

12 600 

12 000 

12,600 

9,810

12,300 

10,100 

6,950 

6 720 

6*,720

6,490 

4,210 

3,670 

5 200 

5,200

July.

3,670 

3,330 

3,330 

3,330 

3,670

3,500 

4,030 

3,670 

3,330 

3,330

3,020 

2,720 

2,720 

2,450 

2,450

3,170 

2,450 

2,200 

1,960 

2,450

2,450 

2,720 

5,200 

5,200 

4,790

8,420 

6,270 

4,400 

4,790 

3,330 

2,720

3,500 

3,020 

3,020 

3,020 

3,670

4,030 

4,400 

4,120 

4,030 

3,670

3,670 

3,850 

3,330 

3,170

2,870

3,020 

3,020 

3,020 

2,720 

2*,450

2,320 

2,450 

2 580 

4,030 

5,200

3,330 

2,450 

2,320 

2 450 

2,720 

2,720

Aug.

2,720 

2,720 

2,720 

2,450 

2,720

3,020

4,790 

5,410 

7,910 

8,160

7,420 

6,490 

5,620 

6,050 

5,410

4,790 

4,400 

4,400 

5,620 

4,790

4,400 

4,400 

4,400 

4,400 

4,403

3,850 

3,670 

3,330 

3,170 

3.020 

2,720

2,320 

2,450 

2,320 

2,200 

2,450

2,450 

2,580 

2,450 

2,720 

2,320

2,450 

2,200 

3,020 

3,330 

2,720

2,580 

3,670 

5,410 

5,620 

4,400

3,500 

3.020 

3,170 

2,720 

2,870

2,720 

2,450 

2,720 

1 960 

2,450 

2 870

Sept.

2,720 

2,580 

2,320 

2,200 

2,200

2,080 

2,080 

1,840 

1,840 

2,080

1,960 

1,960 

1,730 

1,730 

1,620

1,510 

1,730 

1,730 

1,730 

1,730

1,730 

1,730 

1,620 

1,510 

1,510

1,510 

1,080 

1,730 

1,730 

1,510

2,450 

2,320 

2,450 

2,320 

1,510

1,960 

1,960 

2,200 

2,200 

2,200

2,580 

2,450 

3,020 

3,020 

2,720

2,450 

2,450 

2,200 

1,560 

2,320

2,320 

2,450 

2,200 

2,080 

1,840

1,290 

1,620 

3,500 

5,830 

6,950
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. 30,1904-1918 Continued.

Day.

1909-10. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19............. i

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1910-11. 

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.. ............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

8,960

8,960

7,180

6,720

5,830

5,410

5,620

5,410

4,790

3,020

3,330

4,030

3,670

3,670

3,500

3,170

2,200

2,870

3,330

3,330

3 IVl

3,330

3,330

2,720

3,670

4,590

5,410

4,400

4,400

4,030

3,330

5,200

5,410

4,790

4,400

4,400

4,400

4 400

4^400

2,870

2,450

4,030

4

KGfl

4,400

4 030

S

OOrt

1,730

1,620

2,320

2,320

2,720

2,720

2,450

1,730

1,840

3,020

3,020

2,870

3,670 

2,870

2,720

Nov.

3,670

4,030

3,670

3,670

3,500

3,330

2 >&n

3,500

4,210

4,210

4,030

4,030

4,030

S

OQrt

3,850

4,030

3,670

3,670

4,030

3,850

O QOft

3,330

3,670

3,670

4,030

4,210

5,200

5,620

6,050

6,490

A KQA

4,590

4,790

5,620

6,490

9

COA

8 OATI

8,420

7 910

6,950

6,050

5,620

4,590

3

00f|

5,200

4,990

4,790

4,790

4,790

3,330

4,590

5,200

2,720

3,020

1,620

2 200

2^870

3

00rt

Dec.

5,620

5,200

4,790

4,790

4,590

4,500

4,400

4,200

4,100

4,000

3,800

3,800

4,200

6,950

6,270

5,200

4,990

4,790

4,400

4,400

4,400

4,300

4,100

3,900

3,800

4,000

.4,200

4,400

4,000

3,900

3,800

3,670

4,030

4,030

2,450

2,500

3 a fin

3,000

2,300

1,800

1,600

2,500

2

KflA

2,300

1 700

1,700

2,000

2,300

2 300

2^300

2 Qflfl

2 9ftft

2,200

2,700

3

&f\(\

4 700

S

flfiO

5.600

Jan.

3,600

3,500

3,300

3,200

3,000

3,200

3,800

5,000

6,000

5,000

4,500

4,000

3,700

3,500

3,200

3,000

2,800

5,000

8,000

12,000

20,000

45,100

57,300

40,400

33,100

27,400

23,200

19,500

17,800

15,000

11,300

5,800

6,400

10,000

30,000

26,000

19,600

17,000

15,000

13,700

12,000

10,700

Q 9flfl

9,000

8,600

8,300

8,000

7,700

7,400

7 200

6^800

6,400

6,000

6,000

6,200

6,600

7,000

7 snf>

7 200

6^600 6finn

7,000

Feb.

11,700

11,000

10,700

11,700

10,400

10,700

9,000

7,000

6,000

5,600

n sflfl

5,000

5,200

5,600

5,600

5,800

6,000

6,000

5 finn

5,600

5,800

6,000

6,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

6,100

5,800

5,200

4,600

4,200

4,600

4 800

4,800

4,600

4,500

4,000

2 600

3 ' Qflfi

3 700

3'onn

4,000

4,000

4,000

2 a fin

3,000

3,200

4,000

4 400 4' ooo

4,000

4 800

Mar.

68,500

85,800

78,400

68,500

56,500

46,200

42,300

45,500

42,700

35,000

30.000

25,500

24,000

24,700

22,100

21,000

19,500

17,000

16,000

15,300

21,000

25,500

27,000

31,500

56,100

58,100

51,300

49, 400

52,500

53,700

5,000

5,200

5,400

5,900

4,000

4,600

4,800

5,000

5,000

6,000

6,900

4,000

3,300

5,200

6,000

6,300

6,500

5 9on

4,200

6,500

i nnn

7,100

7.100

6,300

6,400

6,720 DC inn

30,800 

31,200

27.700

Apr.

52,500

51,700

49,400

42,700

41,200

38,400

36,100

36,900

38,400

39,200

31,500

30,000

24,700

21,700

18,800

18,400

15,000

14,700

18, 100

19,500

18,800

18,400

18,800

20,600

23,600

27,000

34,200

33,800

31,500

28,100

22,800

16,000

12,600

12,600

11,000

12,600

49,400

49,400

41,200

34,200

on oflft

32,700

37 700

48 600

58,900

53,300

47,400

40,800

38,800

37,700

37,300

35,000

30,800

35,300

38,400

39,200

47,000 

49,400

May.

24,700

16,000

20,600

21,700

24,000

26,600

26,600

23,200

20,600

18,100

17,400

17,400

16,700

15,300

14,000

14,000

12 600

12' 600

12,000

12,000

12,000

14,300

10,100

12,300

11 300

12,000

18,100

25,500

25,100

23,200

20,300

47,000

51,300

53,700

50,100

44 700

39,200 QI ofift

22,800

20,600

20,300

19 200

18',400

 to cnn

10 oflft

13,000

12,000

11,000 10 cnn

9,810

8,960

S QAft

7,660

7,420

6,490

6,270

6,950

4 790

3^020 

4 400 e!27o

June.

18,400

18.400

19,200

18,100

16,700

18,100

21,700

22,500

21,400

19,500

18,100

22,500

24,300

21,000

16,000

15,300

14,000

15,000

13,300

13,600

12,300

10,100

8,960

7,910

6,950

7,910

4,210

5,830

5,410

6,050

5,830

6,050

6,050

4,990

5,830

6,270

6,490

7,910

6,720

8,960

6,050

3,670

9,520

8,160

7,420

6,270

6,720

6,950

6,270

5,620

5,830

5,830

5,200

3,330

2,450

4,590

4,590

4,400

A 7Qfl

July.

5,620

5,410

4,400

4,210

4,210

4,590

4,030

4,030

3,500

3,170

3,020

4,030

4,030

3,500

3,020

3,020

2,080

2,080

2,320

2,720

2,870

3,020

2,580

1,840

1,400

2,200

2,580

3,170

3,020

3,020

2,200

4,400

2,720

1,840

1,510

1,960

2.200

2.450

2,320

1,290

2,200

3,020

2,720

2,720

2,580

1,290

2,200

2,320

2,450

2,200

2,200

1,400

1,180

2,080

2,450

2,720

3,020

2,580 

1 960

3! 020

Aug.

2,080

3,020

3,170

3,020

3,500

10,700

9,240

6,950

6,050

4,400

4,400

4,400

4,590

4,030

3,330

4,030

4,030

4,210

4,030

3,850

3,670

4,400

4,030

4,210

3,330

1,960

1,840

2,450

2,720

4,590

4,400

3,850

2,200

2

Ofifi

2,870

3,170

2,870

2,450

2,200

1,240

1,060

1 960

1,960

2,080

1 960 ijoso

1,080

1,840

1,840

2,200

2,200

3,330

9 d>ai

2

ITOA

3,850 

5,620

7,910

Sept.

2,450

2,450

1,510

1,180

1,960

3,670

4 03Q

5' 830

5,200

3,670

3,850

4,400

4,400

4,030

4 400

4' 030

2^580

2,200

3,170

3

Krtft

3,020

3,020

2 870

1 Sdfl

1,510

2,200

2,450

2,720

2,450

8 1 Aft

7,180

6 oral

4,030

3,020

4,790

5,200

4 400

5^830

11,700

7,910

6,490

6,050

5,410

5,620

5,200

3

Ccn

6,490

S cqft

5,620

5,410

4,400

2,870

2,720

3,330

4 QCft

4,990

4,590 

5,410
CONNECTICUT EIVEB BASIN. 87

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. SO, 1904-1918 Continued.

Day.

1911-12. 

1.... .........

2.............

3. ...... ......

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9..... ........

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

1912-13. 

1.. ...........

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9. .......... ..

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20... ........ ..

21.............

22.............

23....... ......

24.............

25.... .........

26.... .........

27

28.............

29...... .......

30...... ....... 

31...... .......

Oct.

4,790

7,420

9,520

8,960

13,300

13,300

14,700

13,600

12,000

12,000

9,240

9,520

7,910

6,950

7,180

5,410

5,830

6,950

41,600

47,800

34,600

34,600

30,000

28,500

24,000

20,300

18,100

20,300

19,500

6,950

10,100

6,270

7,420

8,960

8,420

7,910

6,950

6,490

6,050

5,830

6,050

6,050

5,620

3,020

3,670

5,830

6,270

6,050

6,050

5,830

4,030

4,990

6,490

11 700

44,700

54,100

45,500

37,700

17,400

20,300

15,300 

14,700

Nov.

11,300

12,000

11,300

10,100

8,690

9,240

9,520

13,300

12,600

12,600

11,700

10,700

12,000

12,600

12,600

13,000

12,600

12,600

19,500

15,300

16,000

17,000

14,300

12,000

12,300

12,700

11,700

10,100

12,600

19,900

12,600

12,000

18,100

13,000

11,700

10,100

10,700

17,400

33,100

34,200

23,600

23,200

18,800

18,800

23,200

21,700

27,000

10700

14 700

13,300

13,300

11,300

12,000

17,800

7,420

J),700

11^700

10,700

10 100

9,810

Dec.

19,200

19,500

19,500

13,300

12,600

8,960

7,910

8,960

9,520

10,100

10,100

11,700

14,000

16 700

24,000

27,700

26,600

24 700

20,300

17,000

12,600

9,240

16,000

33,800

33,800

32,700

30,000

24,700

15,300

14,000

12,300

6,270

10,100

22,500

20,300

21,000

24,300

22500

17,400

15,300

12,600

12,000

10,700

10,700

10,100

8,960

9,810

9,520

8,960

12,000

15,300

17,400

7,420

8,160

13,000

16,400

15' ooo

14,000

12,000 

21,400

Jan.

18,800

20.300

19,500

19,500

18,800

18,400

18,100

15,000

12,100

10,500

9,000

5,600

4,000

3,800

4,000

4,400

4,600

4,600

4,700

4,800

6,500

7,000

7,000

6,600

5,600

5,000

4,500

4,000

5,000

5,200

5,200

22,500

18,800

19,200

24,700

26,600

22,800

20,300

26,200

25,500

19,500

16,700

20,300

17,400

21,700

18,800

16,700

17,400

26600

35,700

36,100

32,300

36 900 si'soo

27,700

28,500

24,000

20,300

17 400

15,300

13,300 

12,300

Feb.

5,200

5,200

5,200

4,600

3,800

4,000

4,400

4,800

4,800

4,800

2,700

3,100

4,300

4,200

4,000

3,900

3,800

3,200

3,900

4,400

4,900

5,400

5,400

5,500

4,500

4,900

5,200

5,200

5,100

16,000

23,600

14,700

13,300

13,300

12,000

12,000

10,400

20,600

13,300

13,600

13,000

12,600

12,300

10,400

6,500

5,600

9,200

9,500

9,500

9,000

10,100

10,100

15,000

14,000

12,300

11,700

14,000

Mar.

4,800

4,600

3,300

4,000

4,000

4,200

4,400

4,400

4,600

4,200

4,400

5,200

5,800

9,000

9,500

22,500

25,500

19,200

30,400

26,200

24,700

19,200

16,000

15,300

15,000

14,700

14,000

14,000

19,900

40,800

42,300

25,100

16,700

11,300

10,700

10,700

10,700

11,700

12,600

9,810

8,420

19,200

24,000

18,800

22,800

47,800

60,900

51,700

39,200

31,500

29,300

38,400

46,600

52,500

47,800

46,200

63,700

88,300

107 000

104' 000

86,200 

69,300

Apr.

45,500

54,100

47,000

36,100

29,300

38,000

60,500

78,000

82,500

69,800

56,500

48,200

43,500

42,300

41,200

43,900

58,900

64,100

65,300

66,900

61,300

54,100

49,000

49,400

47,800

46,200

43,100

39,200

33,100

34,200

60,100

54,100

45,500

39,200

37,700

40,000

38,800

36,100

31,500

27,000

24,700

34,200

23,600

30,800

30,800

28,500

27,000

26,200

25,100

24,000

24,700

24,300

22,800

21,400

19,500

19,500

25,800

15,000

25 800

26,200

May.

32,300

28,100

24.300

2i;400

21,400

11,700

19,500

21,000

20,600

21,000

19,500

18,100

19,200

19,900

20,300

21,000

33,100

39,600

32,700

27,000

25,100

30,000

36,500

32,700

27,700

24,300

19 500

19,500

17,000

22,100

41,600

22,500

19,200

17,800

15,000

14,700

13,300

12,600

12'000

10,400

10,100

8,960

5,620

7,910

7 180

8*420

7,420

6,490

8,960

7,180

9,240

7,910 7 am

8,690

24 000

30,'000

26,600

OK Kflft

19,500

28,100

36,100 

33,400

June.

47,000

50,100

49,800

49,800

44,300

37,700

31,900

28,500

25,500

15,300

17,400

14,700

13,300

13,300

12,600

12,000

7,660

10,100

8,960

8,960

8,160

7,420

4,790

6,490

6,950

6,720

6,490

6,490

6,050

2,720

31,200

25,500

22,500

16700

13,600

13,300

11,300

12,000

7420

8,420

8,960

8,420

8 420

7,910

5,200

5,830

8,160

7,420

5,620

4*790

4,790

3 330

3! 670

5,620

5,200

4,590

4 400

4*030

2,720

1,960

July.

2,450

5,200

5,200

4,400

1,960

2,320

1,730

1,730

4,030

4,030

3,670

3,850

4,030

2,720

2,450

2,870

2,450

2,450

3,170

4,400

3,020

4,790

3,020

3,330

3,500

4,400

4,400

3,020

2,580

2,450

1,960

4,590

5,200

5,620

5,200

3,020

2,080

2,320

2,450

3 020

3,020

3,020

3,020

2720

2,720

3,330

4,210

4,400

5200

4,030

2,580

2,450

3 1 7ft

2,720

3,020

3,670

3,500

2 £>8Q

2*720

4,210

4 400 

4,400

Aug.

2,720

3,500

3,850

2,720

2,080

2,870

3,670

3,670

3,670

3,500

3,330

3,330

4,990

5,200

4,990

5,200

5,410

4,030

5,200

6,050

5,830

4,790

4,030

3,670

3,170

2,720

3,170

3,670

4,990

5,620

6,490

6,050

6,050

3,850

4,030

6,050

4,990

3,670

4,030

3,850

3,020

2,320

3,020

3,020

2,450

3,670

2,720

2,200

1,730

2,720

2,450

1,960

2,450

2,720

1 960

1*620

2,450

2,200

2,080

2,450

2,870 

2 450

Sept.

4,210

3,330

5,200

6,050

6,050

5,620

5,620

4,790

4,210

4,790

5,200

4,790

4,790

4,400

3,020

6,050

11,000

9,520

9,240

8,690

12,600

13,600

17,400

17,400

14,000

9,810

7,910

6,950

7,180

5,410

i rnf\

1,960

2 200

1,450

1,130

1,960

1 J2JA

1,620

2,200

1,730

1,840

2,200

1,960

1*730

2,580

2,200

2,450

1,960

1 Qfift

1 840

1*620

4 400

3*020

6,270

2)200

1,620

1,290

3,500
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1904-1918 Continued.

Day.

1913-14. 

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

12..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28

29..............

30..............

31..............

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,330

3,170

3,020

3,020

2,320

1,510

4,400

4,030

4,400

3,670

3,330

2,200

2,080

3,330

4,030

4,400

3,670

3,670

2,200

2,080

4,210

4,400

8,160

7,660

8,960

12,300

16,700

17,000

15,300

13,300

11,300

2,200

2,450

2,580

3,020

2,200

3,500

3,020

2,720

2,450

2,870

1,620

1,400

2,320

2,200

2,200

2,080

2,200

1,730

1,400

2,450

2,720

3,020

3,170

3,020

1,960

2.200

3,500

3,330

3,330

2,720

2,200

Nov.

9,240

8,160

7,910

8,420

7,910

6,490

6,050

5,620

3,850

30,000

18,800

16,700

14,000

8,960

10,100

11,000

5,830

6,490

7,420

6,050

6,950

7,420

9,520

9,520

9^810

8,160

6,950

6,950

8,420

4,990

1,730

1,450

2,080

2,720

2,870

2,720

2,720

1,290

1,510

2,720

3,330

3,330

3,670

3,670

1,730

2,320

6,270

6,720

6,950

4,990

4,790

4,030

4,030

4,990

4,590

3,170

2,720

3,330

2,320

3,020

Dec.

4,990

7,910

7,910

7,910

6,490

'6,050

5,200

10,100

15,000

11,300

8,960

9,810

8,690

6,270

6,270

8,420

8,690

8,160

7,910

11,700

7,910

6,050

6,050

6,270

4,030

4,030

6,490

6,950

6,800

6,000

5,200

5,620

5,620

4,790

6,050

7,180

6,270

6,050

7,660

6,050

4,990

4,400

4,400

3,020

3,670

5,410

7,420

6,270

5,200

4.400

3,330

2,080

2,870

3,020

2,580

1,960

1,330

1,740

2,080

2,450

2,870

3,330

Jan.

3,800

4,000

4,200

2,700

2,300

3,600

3,600

4,000

3,800

3,800

3,500

2,700

3,800

5,200

4,800

4,200

2,900

2,700

1,500

3,000

3,000

3,300

3,600

3,500

3,800

4,000

4,600

3,450

3,200

4,600

6,000

3,330

3,170

2,870

2,580

2,320

1,960

3,020

7,910

7,420

6,950

6,050

5,830

6,050

4,030

3,850

3,850

3,170

2,580

7,180

13,000

12,300

11,700

8,160

7,910

7,420

7,180

6,950

6,720

6,490

6,490

6,270

Feb.

5,200

4,600

7,400

6,300

5,600

3,300

4,000

2,600

2,200

3^700

3,500

3,000

2,900

2,700

1^400

2,100

2,600

2,800

3,000

2,800

2,200

2 100

1,500

2,200

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,800

6,050

6,050

5,830

5,830

5,830

fi <KO

7,660

7,910

7,420

6,720

5,830

5,200

4,590

4,400

4,210

12,000

18,100

18,800

15,700

12,600

10,700

8,960

9,240

9,520

43,100

63,700

70,200

55,700

Mar.

2,300

3,700

11,400

22,800

24,700

22,000

18000

13,600

11,500

10,000

8,600

8,000

8,600

9,200

7,000

5,200

9,000

9,400

11,300

11,900

10,900

7,900

8,600

9,400

9,400

10,000

11,000

39,200

50,500

47,400

40,800

41,600

32,700

28,500

23,600

18,100

13,300

14,700

15,000

12,600

12,600

12,300

12,000

11,300

8,690

8,160

8,960

8,160

8,690"

8,960

7,660

5,620

6,720

6,950

6,950

8,420

11,300

13,600

10,700

10,700

10,700

9.520

Apr.

41,600

54,900

62,100

50,100

40,800

34,600

30,800

32,700

50,500

59,700

52,500

56,100

55,300

48,600

43,500

41,600

39,200

40,000

47,800

70,600

88,300

87,500

80,000

70,600

60,500

50,900

49,400

52,900

52,500

58,100

7,660

7,660

6,950

7,910

8,160

9,810

9,810

10,100

15,000

18,800

33,800

53,300

57,300

51,700

42,700

36,900

31,900

26.200

24,000

22,500

21,000

19,500

17,000

19,500

11,300

8,960

14,700

20,300 01 nnn

22,500

May.

61,300

53,300

45,500

40,800

38,800

45,500

44,700

42,300

39,600

39,600

28,500

31,500

35,300

36,500

31,900

26,600

24,300

16,000

18,100

16,700

15,000

14,700

14,700

16,000

8,160

10,400

7,910

6,950

8,960

8,960

6,050

22,100

24,700

24,000

23,200

18,400

16,700

13,600

12,600

12,000

13,000

12,600

12,000

11,000

9,240

8,420

7,420

8,420

8,420

6,490

8,420

10,100

8,960

3,330

4,400

7,180

7,910

6,720

6,050

6,720

4 4fm

3.170

June.

6,720

7,420

7,180

6,950

6,490

8,960

10,400

6,490

7,660

8,690

7,910

6,720

5,620

3,020

3,170

4,790

4,400

3,850

4,030

3,670

2,580

2,870

4,210

3,500

3,670

3,670

3,330

2,320

2,450

3,850

6,490

5,620

4,590

4,990

5,200

3,330

3,330

4,210

3,330

3,670

3,500

3,330

1,740

2,200

3,170

3,670

4,400

5,200

6,270

4,400

5,410

6,950

8,420

5,830

4,590

5,200

2,720

2,450

4,030

3,670

July.

3,670

4,210

3,850

2,450

2,450

3,330

8,160

7,660

6,270

6,490

6,950

5,830

4,590

6,050

6,050

4,990

5,200

3,850

2,320

2,720

4,400

3,850

3,850

3,500

3,170

1,840

2,320

3,850

3,670

3,500

3,500

3,670

8,690

16,000

18,400

17,800

12,000

14,300

11,700

65,300

54,100

44,700

32,700

34,600

16,400

13,300

15,300

14,700

16,000

9,240

13,300

20,300

16,400

14,700

14,000

9,520

6,270

18,800

10 400

13^300

13.300

Aug.

3,850

2,320

2,580

3,500

3,170

3,020

3,850

3,330

1,960

2,200

3,330

3,670

3,500

3,170

3,330

1,730

2,080

2,720

3,020

2,720

3,170

4,030

2,720

2,580

4,030

3,670

3,500

3,330

2,720

3,170

6,050

13,300

19,200

14,300

22,500

54,900

36,100

27,400

25,100

18,100

19,200

18,800

17,400

18,800

17,800

16,000

12,000

13,300

12,300

10,400

7,910

7,180

7,910

24,000

14,700

16,700

18,100

16,700

15,300

8,160

11.300

Sept.

7,910

8,420

7,180

4,990

3,670

2,450

2,320

2,870

3,670

4,030

3,500

3,330

3,170

3,170

3,330

3,670

3,670

3,670

4,400

2,870

1,510

2,870

2,450

2,450

2,580

2,450

1,730

1,290

2,450

2,320

8,960

9,240

9,520

6,950

3,020

2,450

4,210

5,830

5,410

5,620

4,790

3,670

4,030

5,200

5,200

4,400

4,400

4 400

3^170

2,870

4,400

7,180

7 ian

6,490

7,180

7,180

6,490

6,270

6,490

8,420
CONNECTICUT EIVER BASIN. 89

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. SO, 1904-1918 Continued.

Day.

1916-16. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1916-17. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18...........:..

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............

31..............

Oct.

6,720

5.620

4,210

3,670

6,490

6,270

6,950

7,420

6,270

6,050

7,660

6,950

5,410

5,410

6,050

6,490

5,620

4,590

6,050

5,620

5,620

5,830

7,180

4,030

3,020

4,400

4,790

5,620

5.410

6,490

4,400

14,300

8,960

10,100

10,100

8,690

7 ISO

6,050

3,020

6,050

5,620

4,030

4,990

5,200

3,020

3,500

6,050

5,200

6,050

6,720

10 400

8*960

10,100

10,700

8,960

7,910

6,950

6,050

4,210

5,830

6,950

Nov.

4,790

6,050

6,720

6,720

7,420

7,420

6,950

3,500

5,620

4,790

4,590

5,830

5,620

4,210

4,400

7,420

7,910

10,100

9,240

11,300

11,700

8,690

11,300

9,240

8,420

8,160

7,420

4,400

7,180

6,950

5,620

5,200

5,830

5,200

6,720

6,950

6,050

5,620

5,620

5,620

4 con

6,490

6,950

7,420

7,420

6,720

3,330

3

OOft

5,620

5,620

5,200

9,810

22,500

19,500

14,700

14,000

13,300

17,000

Dec.

9,520

9,240

10,700

10,700

6,490

4,400

7,660

6,490

5,830

5,410

8,960

7,660

5,200

5,830

4,990

4,590

4,400

4,400

11,000

12,000

11,700

9,810

8,420

23,600

34,600

25,500

19.900

17,400

26,200

29,300

27,000

99 *\fifl

1Q QAft

17 400

17 400

14,000

14,000

iq OAA

12,000

11,700

11,300

8,960

7,180

9,520

9,520

8,420

9.810

7,420

10,100

11,300

9,520

9,240

8,420

10,100

7,910

5,410

Jan.

15,300

14,000

10,700

11,700

12,600

11,300

13,000

11,700

8,960

8,420

10,100

9,520

9,810

7,910

9,520

7,180

6,490

10,700

11,000

7,180

7,180

8,960

16,700

18,100

17 400

17,000

OQ flftft

39,000

61,700

56,900

49,800

4,590

6,720

6,490

6,720

7,660

7 660

11*700

10,400

10 400

Q CQA

7,910

7 ISft

4,210

11,700

11,700

12,300

12,300

11,000

10 700

7,420

6,270

7,910

6,720

6,490

6,270

6,050

4,590

5,200

6,720

5,830

Feb.

47,200

41,200

37,700

33,400

31,200

24,300

25,500

25,100

17,000

18,400

17,400

17,000

11,700

11,300

13,600

11,700

14,300

17,000

13,300

8,760

4,210

10,400

12,600

14,700

17,000

^A OtV\

40 000

26,600

6,270

5,830

6,270

3,020

S

QQft

5,200

5,620

5,200

5,200

4,590

9 4.^0

3,020

5,200

4,210

4,210

4,400

4,400

2,200

1,960

A EQfl

4 400

4' 030

4,210

2,200

3,020

6,950

14,000

.......

Mar.

22,500

20,300

18,400

16,700

16,400

7,910

12,300

12,600

11,000

11,000

8,690

11,000

10,300

9,520

9

01 ft

11,000

5,830

5,200

8,420

8,420

Q QCft

S Qfift

10 400

5,620

6

Qcrt

16,000

24,000

33,100

53,700

15,700

Q Qfifi

5,200

7,180

6,270

6,270

6,720

7 Qlfl

6,490

5,830

8 1 An

9,810

9,520

8,690

5,830

8,690

8,160

7 660

10,100

11,700

32,300

38,400

56,500

61,300

59,700

45,500

Apr.

63,700

72,600

52,900

49,800

44,700

40,400

32,300

30 800

33*. 100

38,000

37,300 3ft onft

36,900

40,000

40,800

A 1) ftftft

43,900

M Kftn

41,600

44,700

56 100

KQ' QflA

co QflA

AQ ftfln

44 700

42' 300

38,000

40,400

46,200

46,200

47,800

50,100

46 600

44*700

451,500

45,100

40,400

qq -irtrt

30 400

20*300

24,000

27,700

18,100

21,000

21, 700

24 700

qq -iflA

48,200

EQ 7flA

58,100

CQ onn

48,200

43,500

37 700

36|lOO

29,300

May.

33,800

32,300

30,000

29,300

27,000

27,000

18,800

23,200

21,400

19,900

17,100

19,500

10,100

8,420

14,700

20,600

42,700

44 700

39*,600

34,200

30,800

25,100

22,800

91 7ftft

91 ftftft

18,400

9,810

12,600

13,000

23,200

on cftft

34,600

33,800

31 900

33 100

0.9 7ftft

30,000

OQ Onft

97 ftftft

OK CAfi

24,000

Oft Cftft

19,900

24,000

24,000

22,500

20,300

17,800

1 1\ 7flfi

17 800

20,300

22,900

22,100

20,300

19,900

17,000

19,900

25,500

23,600

June.

13,300

14,000

14,700

17,000

15,700

17,400

21,700

21,700

22,800

21,400

22,800

24,700

26,200

25,800

24,000

18,100

21,000

29,300

26,600

28,100

28,900

24,700

1)4 finn

17,400

16,000

15,300

16,000

16,000

14,300

12,600

19,900

16,700

23,600

11,300 IQ inn

Oft <lftft

19,200

22,800

99 Iftft

21, 700

23,200

36,900

48 600

47*. 800

43,100

35,700

30,400

28,500

OQ Ann

qe oftn

97 7ftft

22,500

22,500

18,800

16,700

14,700

11,000

July.

12,600

10,000

10,100

16,700

16,000

20,600

21,400

16,400

11,300

11,000

13,300

11,000

10,100

12,600

11,300

6,050

7,420

10,100

7,910

5,830

9,810

7,910

6,950

6,490

12,000

12,000

IQ *uin

17 400

15*700

10,700

9,520

10,100

17 400

17*000

16 400

11 000

10,400

10,400

6,050

7 Qin

7,420

6,270

6,490

6,270

7,660

4,790

6,050

7,910

8,160

7,660

6,950

6,490

7,910

5,200

6,490

6,950

6,720

7,180

5,830

3,020

3,500

4,210

Aug.

9,520

8,160

5,200

4,990

5,200

2,720

3,850

4,790

4,990

9,240

9,810

16,000

17 400

10*700

8,160

7,910

5,830

5,200

6,050

3, 170

3,330

4,590

4,400

5,200

3,850

2,320

3,330

4,790

5,830

5,200

3,330 3 <wn

4,210

7,910

2,720

2 nsfl

4 030

4*,590

4,400

6,050

3,330

5,200

6,950

5,200

6,490

6,490

7,420

10,700

10,700

10 K(V}

13,300

12,000

15,000

14,000

11,300

16,000

12,000

10,400

10,700

11,700

Sept.

4,590

4,790

3,170

2,450

3,850

5,200

4,210

4,030

2,870

2,080

3,020

4,590

4,590

4,030

4,790

14,000

11,700

8,420

6,270

7,180

6,270

6,720

6,270

3,330

6,490

5,950

6,050

5,620

5,620

8,420

11,300

10,700

10,100

9,810

"9,240

9,520

8,690

6,050

3,330

3,330

4,400

5,620 i 700

4,790

4,210

2,720

3,500

4,990

4,790

4,400

4,210

3,020

1,620

2,200

3,330

3,170

3,330

3,330

3,020

1,960

I
90

Daily di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19*18, PART I.

, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. SO, 1904-1918 Continued.

Da?.

1917-18. 

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2,580

4,030

4,030

4,030

4,400

6,950

4,790

9,240

10,100

8,960

8,420

7,420

6,720

5,200

6,050

8,160

7,910

8,420

8,420

8,420

4,790

4,990

7,420

7.180

12,000

12,600

11,700

10,700

11,000 

15,700

40,000

Nov.

41,600

40,000

34,200

29.600

22,800

17,800

15,700

13,600

9,520'

8,690

6,490

6,950

8,690

8,420

7,420

7,660

7,180

3,670

4,990

6,720

6,950

6,720

6,950

7,910

4,990

5,620

7,660

6,720

5,620 

5,200

Dec.

6,490

6,050

4,790

6,050

6,050

6,050

6,950

6,490

6,270

6,050

6,950

6,490

5,620

5,200

4,400

2,450

2,580

4,030

4,030

4,400

4,590

6,490

4,210

2,870

3,500

3,500

4,400

4,590

4,030 

2,450

2,200

Jan.

4,030

4,030

4,030

4,210

4,400

3,020

3,020

4,790

4,400

4,590

4,210

3,670

3,020

2,450

2,720

4,400

4,590

4,210

3,330

2,720

3,330

3,170

4,210

4,990

5,620

5,620

3,020

2,080

4,030

5,830

Feb.

5,200

5,200

3,330

2,200

2,200

4,030

4,210

4,590

4,400

2,720

1,620

2,450

3,670

4,030

4,400

4,030

3,670

4 210

5,200

10,700

17,400

16,400

15,700

9,810

12,300

14,000

20,300

18,400

Mar.

16,700

17,000

14,000

13,000

13,000

13,600

14,700

13,300

14,300

11,700

8,690

9,810

9,810

9,810

9,810

11,700

6,270

8,690

13,000

17,800

29,600

48,200

58,100

58,900

52,900

42,000

35,300

30,800

30,000 

31,200

38,400

Apr.

49,400

57,300

68,500

68,500

59,700

49,400

46,200

39,600

40,000

44,300

43,100

39,200

33,100

33,400

28,900

35,300

36,900

40,800

43,900

40,000

33,800

41,600

42, 700

40,800

38,400

34,600

34,600

27,700

20,300 

24,700

May.

29,300

36,900

36,900

35,000

30,800

27,400

22,100

19,500

18,800

19,200

18,800

25,500

17.000

27,000

32,700

31,500

29,300

23,600

20,300

17,800

16,000

14,700

12,300

11,700

12,000

7,180

6,950

8,960

10,100 

7,910

7,420

June.

8,420

7,910

7,910

10,700

10,100

8,960

6,950

5,620

4,030

5,620

10,400

10,600

9,360

12,800

10,600

8,630

5,740

8,690

8,170

7,620

7,030

6,400

8,360

13,100

12,300

11,200

10,700

12,500

8,470 

3,930

July.

4,210

5,860

6,170

4,850

5,360

6,270

3,530

4,380

5,670

4,630

4,450

4,320

3,590

3,310

5,700

7,900

7,550

9,320

10,500

7,590

3,270

4,060

5,170

4,300

4,510

4,590

3,530

1,770

2,820 

4,650

4,460

Aug.

4,160

4,090

3,440

2,330

2,870

3,500

3,340

3,270

3,290

4,820

9,200

11,400

10,100

6,580

5,740

6,140

5,690

3,340

3,910

4,430

4,240

4,270

3,770

2,750

1,300

1,980

2,760

2,750

2,810 

2,760

2,270

Sept.

1,600

945

1,700

2,890

3,090

3,240

3,230

1,800

2,620

3,430

3,510

2,980

3,300

2,680

1,570

2,240

3,440

3,550

5,530

5,400

6,850

8,710

13,900

14,000

11,900

17,000

35,300

35,700

31,200 

25,800

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice as follows: Dee. 11.1904 to liar. 26,1905; Feb. 3 to Mar. 

2.1906; Dec. 4, 1906, to Mar. 20, 1907; Jan. 8 to Mar. 25,1908; Dec. 18,1908, to Mar. 16,1909; Dee. 6-13 and 

Dec. 20,1909, to Jan. 21,1910; Feb. 7-28, and Dec. 6,1910, to Mar. 26,1911; Jan. 9 to Mar. 27.1912; Feb. 

5-26,1913; Dec. 29,1913, to Mar. 29,1914; Dec. 22,1914 to Feb. 26,1915; Dec. 14,1915, to Apr. 2,1916; Dec. 

16,1916, to Mar. 25,1917; Dec. 1.1917, to Mar. 21,1918; daily discharge for these periods determined from 

gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, weather 

~s, and hydrographic comparison with other Connecticut River records.

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years ending Sept.

30, 1904-1918.

[Drainage area, 8,000 square miles.]

Month.

1904. 

April..........................................

May...........................................

June..........................................

July...........................................

1904-5.

April..........................................

May...........................................

June. .........................................

July...........................................

The year. .................. i............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

69,300 

62,100 

17,400 

6,950 

8,420 

19,900

25,500 

9,520 

9,240 

3,300 

2,300 

92,400 

93,300 

22,500 

16,700 

22,100 

27,000 

42,300

93,300

Minimum.

21,700 

13,300 

3,500 

2,080 

1,960 

2,720

7,180 

4,790 

2,200 

2,200 

1,900 

2,000 

19,900 

7,660 

6,270 

4,030 

4,210 

7^180

1,900

Mean.

37,900 

30,700 

7,300 

3,890 

4,450 

7,750

12,500 

6,560 

4,490 

2,730 

2,090 

16,200 

37,800 

15,700 

8.960 

7950 

9,570 

20,600

12,100

Per 

square

 mile.

4.74 

3.84 

.912 

.486 

.556 

.969

1.56 

.820 

.561 

.341 

.261 

2.02 

4.72 

1.96 

1.12

L20 

2.58

1.51

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

5.29 

4.43 

1.02 

.56 

.64 

1.08

1.80 

.91 

.65 

.39 

.27 

2.33 

5.27 

2.26 

1.25 

1.16 

1.38 

2.88

20.54
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 91

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years ending Sept. 

SO, 1904-1918 Continued.

Month.

1905-6.

February. .....................................

l&y.............. .......................... ...

July. ..........................................

September. ...................................

The year. ...............................

1906-7.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

1907-8. 

October .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

1908-9.

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

1909-10.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September....................................

The year.... ............................

Discharge in second-feet.

MaTJTniTm.

9,520 

15,300 

37,300 

54,100 

18,100 

30,000 

76,300 

68,100 

36,900 

17,400 

8,690 

5,830

76,300

7,910 

14,000 

7,910 

20,300 

5,600 

60,900 

62,500 

54,100 

20,600 

16,000 

9,520 

27,000

62,500

60,500 

71,000 

51,300 

27,000 

59,700 

63,700 

53,300 

60,900 

24,700 

8,420 

8,160 

2,720

63,700

2,200 

2,720 

6 050 

12,300 

25,300 

20,300 

95,400 

35,300 

21,000 

5,200 

5,620 

6,950

95,400

8,960 

6,490 

6,950 

57,300 

20,000 

85,800 

52,500 

26,600 

24,300 

5,620 

10,700 

5,830

85,800

MiniTniTm,

5,620 

5,830 

9,520 

12,300 

6,700 

5,200 

19,200 

14,000 

8,960 

4,790 

2,450 

1,960

1,960

1,730 

3,850 

4,400 

4,800 

3,700 

4,400 

18,100 

13,300 

6,050 

5,620 

2,080 

2,080

1,730

8,160 

11,700 

8,160 

7,900 

5,200 

8,800 

22,100 

12,300 

4,030 

1,960 

2,450 

1,080

1,080

1,560 

1,240 

1,900 

1,900 

3,900 

7,910 

20,600 

15,300 

3,670 

2,320 

1,960 

1,290

1,240

2,200 

2,320 

3,800 

2,800 

5,000 

15,300 

14,700 

10,100 

4210 

1,400 

1,840 

1^180

1,180

Mean.

7,520 

7,870 

15,300 

19,900 

10,700 

13,800 

37,600 

29,000 

17,300 

8,260 

4,820 

3,350

14,600

4,720 

7,170 

5,490 

9,450 

4,700 

16,600 

32,400 

29,600 

11,400 

9,070 

4,830 

6,770

11,900

21,200 

27,800 

21,400 

12,500 

15,000 

24,700 

32,400 

31,700 

10,200 

3,580 

4,480 

1,830

17,300

1,830 

2,050 

3,390 

5,960 

12,200 

14,900 

53,800 

28,400 

10,700 

3,230 

2,910 

2,550

11,800

4,430 

3,980 

4,510 

12,900 

8,200 

40,200 

29,800 

17,800 

14,800 

3,250 

4,190 

3,100

12,300

Per 

square 

mile.

0.940 

.984 

1.91 

2.49 

1.32 

1.72 

4.70 

3.26 

2.16 

1.03 

.602 

.419

1.82

.590 

.896 

.686 

1.18 

.588 

2.08 

4.05 

3.70 

1.42 

1.13 

.604 

.846

1.49

2.65 

3.48 

2.68 

1.56 

1.88 

3.09 

4.05 

3.96 

1.28 

.448 

.560 

.229

2.16

.229 

.256 

.424 

.745 

1.52 

1.86 

6.72 

3.55 

1.34 

.404 

.364 

.319

1.48

.554 

.498 

.564 

1.61 

1.02 

5.02 

3.72 

2.22 

1.85 

.406 

.524 

.388

1.54

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.08 

1.10 

2.20 

2.87 

1.38 

1.98 

5.24 

4.17 

2.41 

1.19 

.69 

.47

24.78

.68 

1.00 

.79 

1.36 

.61 

2.40 

4.52 

4.27 

1.58 

1.30 

.70 

.94

20.15

3.06

3.88 

3.09 

1.80 

2.03 

3.56 

4.52 

4.56 

1.43 

.52 

.65 

.26

29.36

.26 

.29 

.49 

.86 

1.58 

2.14 

7.50 

4.09 

1.50 

.47 

.42 

.36

19.96

.64 

.56 

.65 

l.SC 

1.06 

5.79 

4.15 

2.56 

2.06 

.47 

.60 

.43

20.83
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years ending Sept. 

SO, 1904-1918 Continued.

Month.

1910-11.

March . . ...

April..........................................

May...........................................

July-.... ............ ..........................

The year. . ..............................

1911-12.

April.... ......................................

May...........................................

July. ......................................

The year ................................

1912-13.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

1913-14.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September ....................................

The year....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,410 

9,520 

5,600 

30,000 

6,100 

36,100 

58,900 

53,700 

9,520 

4,400 

7,910 

11,700

58,900

47,800 

19,900 

33,800 

20,300 

5.500 

43,500 

82,500 

41,600 

50,100 

5,200 

6,490 

17,400

82,500

54,100 

34,200 

24,300 

36,900 

23,600 

107,000 

60,100 

36,100 

31,200 

5,620 

6,050 

4,400

107,000

17,000 

30.000 

15,000 

6,000 

1,400 

50,500 

88.300 

61,300 

10,400 

8,160 

6,050 

8,420

88,300

Minimum.

1,620 

1,620 

1 600 

5,800 

2,600 

3 300 

11,000 

3,020 

2,450 

1,180 

1,060 

2,720

1,060

4,790 

8,690 

7,910 

3,800 

2,700 

3,300 

29,300 

11,700 

2,720 

1,730 

2,080 

3,020

1,730

3,020 

7,420 

6,270 

12,300 

5,600 

8420 

15,000 

5,620 

1,960 

2,080 

1.620 

1,136

1,130

1,510 

3,850 

4,030 

1,500 

1 400 

2.300 

30,800 

6,050 

2,320 

1,840 

1,730 

1,290

1,290

Mean.

3,350 

4,960 

2,810 

10,000 

4,160 

8,960 

35,700 

19,400 

6,070 

2,250 

2,850 

5,470

8,820

16,300 

12,700 

18,200 

9,100 

4,500 

14,100 

51,000 

24,800 

18,700 

3,210 

4,130 

7,630

15,300

12,800 

16,100 

13,900 

23,000 

12,400 

39,400 

30,300 

15,200 

9,100 

3,500 

3,130 

2,270

15,100

5,910 

9,260 

7,530 

3,650 

3,170 

15,300 

53,500 

26,900 

5,220 

4340 

3,160 

3,480

11,800

Per 

square 

mile.

0.419 

.620 

.351 

1.25 

.520 

1.12 

4.46 

2.42 

.759 

.281 

.356 

.684

1.10

2.04 

1.59 

2.28 

1.14 

.562 

1.76 

6.38 

3.10 

2.34 

.401 

.516 

.954

1.91

1.60 

2.01 

1.74 

2.88 

1.55 

4.92 

3.79 

1.90 

1.14 

.438 

.391 

.284

1.89

.739 

1.16 

.941 

.456 

.396 

1.91 

6.69 

3.36 

.652 

.542 

.395 

.435

1.48

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.48 

.69 

.40 

1.44 

.54 

1.29 

4.98 

2.79 

.85 

.32 

.41 

.76

14.95

2.35 

1.77 

2.63 

1.31 

.61 

2.03 

7»12 

3.57 

2.61 

.46 

.59 

1.06

26.11

1.84 

2.24 

2.01 

3.32 

1.61 

5.67 

4.23 

2.19 

1.27 

.50 

.45 

.32

25.65

.85 

1.29 

1.08 

.53 

.41 

2.20 

7.46 

3.87 

.73 

.62 

.46 

.49

19.99
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 93

of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the years ending Sept. 

SO, 1904-1918 Continued.

Month.

1914-15.

May...........................................

July...........................................

1915-16.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

SoT>iawTi VIOT*

1916-17.

July...........................................

1917-18.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,500 

6,950 

7,660 

13,000 

70,200 

41,600 

57,300 

24,700 

8,420 

65,300 

54,900 

9,520

70,200

7,660 

11,700 

34,600 

61,700 

47,200 

53,700 

72,600 

44,700 

29,300 

21,400 

17,400 

14,000

72,600

14,300 

22,500 

30,800 

12,300 

14.000 

61,300 

59,700 

34,600 

48,600 

17,400 

16,000 

11,300

61,300

40,000 

41,600 

6,950 

5,830 

20,300 

58,900 

68,500 

36,900 

13,100 

' 10,500 

11,400 

35,700

68,500

Minimum.

1,400 

1,290 

1,330 

1,960 

4,210 

5,620 

6,950 

3,170 

1,740 

3,670 

7,180 

2,450

1,290

2,020 

3,500 

4,400 

6,490 

4,210 

5,200 

30,800 

8,420 

12,600 

5,830 

2,320 

2,080

2,080

3,020 

3,330 

5,410 

4,210 

1,960 

5,200 

18,100 

15,700 

11,000 

3,020 

2,080 

1,620

1,620

2,580 

3,670 

2,200 

2,080 

1,620 

6,270 

20,300 

v 6,950 

3,930 

1,770 

1,300 

945

945

Mean.

2,510 

3,390 

4,330 

5,960 

15,700 

13,200 

21,900 

11,000 

4400 

18,800 

17,600 

5,690

10,300

5,690 

7,200 

11,500 

16,900 

21,700 

13,700 

45,400 

23,800 

20,400 

11,900 

6,370 

5,650

15,800

7,010 

8,180 

14,000 

7,930 

4,640 

17,200 

39,300 

24500 

26,400 

7,930 

8,020 

5,180

14,200

8,780 

12,200 

4,850 

3,990 

7,370 

22600 

41,200 

20,500 

8,760 

5,110 

4300 

8,640

12,300

Per 

square 

mile.

0.314 

.424 

.541 

.745 

1.96 

1.65 

2.74 

1.38 

.550 

2.35 

2.20 

.711

1.29

.711 

.900 

1.44 

2,11 

2.71 

1.71 

5.68 

2.98 

2.55 

1.49 

.796 

.706

1.98

.876 

1.02 

1.75 

.991 

.580 

2.15 

4.91 

3.06 

3.30 

.991 

1.00 

.648

1.78

1.10 

1.52 

.606 

.499 

.921 

2.82 

5.15 

2.56 

1.10 

.639 

.538 

1.08

1.54

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.36 

.47 

.62 

.86 

2.04 

1.90 

3.06 

1.69 

.61 

2.71 

2.54 

.79

17.55

.82 

1.00 1.66' 

2.43 

2.92 

1.97 

6.34 

3.44 

2.84 

1.72 

.92 

.79

26.85

1.01 

1.14 

2.02 

1.14 

.60 

2.48 

5.48 

3.53 

3.68 

1.14 

1.15 

.72

24.09

1.27 

1.70 

.70 

.58 

.96 

3.25 

5.75 

2.95 

1.23 

.74 

.62 

1.20

20.95
Days of deficiency in discharge of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., du

Discharge 

in secondfeet per 

square mile.

0.15

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.75

1.9

2.05

2.25

2.5

2.75

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

7.0

10.0

15.0

Discharge 

in second-feet.

1,200

1,600

2,400

3,200

4,000

4,800

5,600

6,400

7,200

8,000

8.800

9,600

10.400

11,200

12,000

12,800

14,000

15,200

16,400

18,000

20,000

22,000

24,000

28,000

32,000

36,000

40,000

56,000

80,000

120,000

Theoretical 

horsepower 

per foot 

of fall.

13K 

J.OO

182

273

364

455

545

636

727

818

909

1,000

1,090

1,180

1,270

1,360

1,450

1,590

1,730

1,860

2,050

2,270

2,500

2.730

3,180

3,640

4,090

4,550

6,360

9,090

13,600

Days of deficiency in di

1904-5,

44

87

95

113

126

144

175

198

213

231

240

246

252

264

270

278

284

296

305

318

325

334

337

343

348

357

362

. 365

1905-6.

1

21

37

51

54

85

110

. 138

156

171

178

190

194

206

218

242

259

274

286

291

300

323

340

345

347

358

365

1906-7.

10

26

36

79

131

168

198

219

229

247

249

255

259

264

274

281

287

294

301"

312

317

332

338

343

344

362

365

1907-8.

1

6

30

52

65

82

89

99

111

119

137

152

163

176

182

192

200

213

221

231

244

254

264

289

304

317

330

357

366

1908-9.

1

8

89

152

173

197

207

216

223

228

233

238

245

250

254

266

269

275

281

290

298

309

313

318

326

343

346

352

361

365

1909-10.

1

4

19

56

106

172

189

213

220

222

223

228

231

236

240

250

252

261

267

273

291

304

311

326

332

336

342

- 357

364

365

1910-11.

4

11

57

105

127

183

209

245

274

286

292

301

303

306

307

313

316

317

318

319

323

326

328

330

335

342

350

364

365

191

NOTE. The above table gives the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall that may be developed at differen

charge and corresponding horsepower were respectively less than the amounts given in the columns for dis

made for the various losses, the principal ones being the wheel loss, which may \>e as large as 20 per cent, and th
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 95

PASSTTMPSIC RIVER AT PIERCE'S MILLS, NEAR ST. JOHNSBTTRY, VT.

LOCATION. At suspension footbridge just below Pierce's mills, 2 miles below mouth 

of Sheldon Branch, 4 miles above mouth of Moose River, and 5 miles north of 

St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 237 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 26,1909, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Staff, in two sections; low-water section a vertical staff bolted to ledge just 

above bridge; high-water section an inclined staff bolted to ledge below bridge; 

read by W. I. Cox and Clinton G. Taylor.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge or by wading below the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel composed of ledge rock partly covered with 

gravel and alluvial deposits. At high stages the control is probably at the dam 

'near Centervale.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year water over top of 

gage on mornings of October 31 and April 3 (discharge about 2,900 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 1.2 feet at 6 p. m. August 25 and 5.30 p. m. August 31 

(discharge, 71 second-feet).

1909-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 14.8 feet during the night of March 27, 

1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge not computed); minimum stage recorded, zero flow at various times due to water being held back by 

mills.

ICE. River freezes over at the control, causing the stage-discharge relation to be 

seriously affected, ice jams occasionally form below the gage.

REGULATION. There is a small diurnal fluctuation caused by the operation of Pierce's 

mills,0 just above the station, and by other mills farther upstream. The effect 

of the diurnal fluctuation was studied by means of a portable automatic gage 

from August 16 to September 11, 1914. Although the results obtained from 

twice-a-day gage heights were found to be occasionally in error for individual 

days, the mean discharge for the period determined from twice-a-day gage heights 

and was found to be identical with that obtained from the hourly record

ACCURACY. The stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined below 2,000 second-feet. Gage 

read to quarter-tenths twice daily, except from December 20 to March 24 when 

it was read once a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table and making correction for effect of ice during the 

winter. Record good.

Discharge measurements of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 10

Dec. 14

Mar. 4

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.40

&2.30 

62.60

63.00

Discharge.

Seq.-ft. 

3%

210 

134

ooo

Date.

Mar. 28

Apr. 10 

10

July 23

Made by 

M. R. Staekpole... .....

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

C.H. Pierce............

height.

Feet.

62.87

4.09 

4.10

1.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

407

1,050 

1 050

138

o Pierce's mills not in operation during the summer of 1918. 

6 Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
96

Daily di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. in

31..............

Oct.

390

340

260

460

640

830

530

375

530

375

320

290

600

405

390

600

405

340

305

670

500

375

320

320

790

500

390

670

530

1,510

2,300

Nov.

1,080

790

670

600

530

530

530

420

 420

460

420

460

360

290

290

360

340

305

460 360'

320

320

405

390

230

275

305

260

230

260

Dee.

260

230

245

260

230

230

260

260

200

260

260

275

290

215

200

215

230

230

200

230

165

200

175

215

175

175

150

150

150

140

130

Jan.

110

110

110

90

90

100

110

120

150

120

110

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

110

130

130

150

130

130

130

150

150

150

Feb.

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

110

130

130

130

130

140

150

175

175

175

150

150

175

230

175

175

150

150

260

670

600

Mar.

460

360

260

215

215

200

200

200

175

175

175

190

200

230

230

230

260

320

320

390

420

500

530

560

600

600

530

670

750

950

1,560

Apr.

2,120

2,600

2,480

1,460

1,080

1,040

1,260

1,410

1,760

1,120

1,040

950

1,080

830

1,220

1,510

1,360

1,260

870

790

830

1,310

1,410

1,260

870

790

830

870

1,120

1,360

May.

1,310

1,260

1.000

790

750

600

640

560

530

500

1,000

640

870

2,000

1,120

790

560

460

420

390

390

375

600

460

340

305

530

600

420

560

500

June.

640

640

390

290

260

245

870

600

420

340

290

500

830

530

390

360

320

360

290

245

216

, 530

640

560

375

290

230

176

245

460

July.

246

500

275

230

202

189

152

275

460

375

260

245

340

390

360

260

320

360

230

176

164

152

141

130

141

126

122

117

120

260

260

Aug.

176

130

130

122

202

360

202

202

1,000

460

260

216

189

176

230

164

130

120

122

111

105

101

109

91

82

78

82

91

89

01

75

Sept.

202

420

202

105

117

120

202

126

120

126

109

93

152

216

164

130

164

360

460

275

910

500

305

530

Ron

910

1,880

910

560

420

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 27 to Mar. 29; daily discharge during this period 

determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.,for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 237 square miles. ]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,300 

1,080 

290 

150 

670 

1,560 

2,600 

2,000 

870 

500 

1,000 

1,880

2,600

Minimum.

260 

230 

130 

90 

110 

175 

790 

305 

176 

117 

75 

93

75

Mean.

557 

422 

213 

125

187 

409 

1,260 

686 

418 

244 

184 

377

424

Per 

square 

mile.

2.35 

1.78 

.899 

.527 

.790 

1.73 

5.32 

2.89 

1.76 

1.03 

.776 

1.59

1.79

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.71 

1.99 

1.04 

.61 

.82 

1.99 

5.94 

3.33 

1.96 

1.19 

.89 

1.77

24.24
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 97

WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT.

LOCATION. About 500 feet above highway bridge in village of West Hartford, Windsor 

County, and 7 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 687 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 9, 1915, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank; read by F. P. Morse.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 1,500 feet below the gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and of fairly uniform cross section at measuring section; bed covered with gravel and small boulders. Control formed by 

rock ledge 100 feet below the gage; well defined.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.0 feet at 5 p. m. 

October 30 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 10,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded 2.22 feet at 7 p. m. August 4 (discharge, by extension of 

rating curve, about 35 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 11.1 feet at 6 p. m. June 12, 1917 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 11,700 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 2.33 feet at 6 a. m. August 29, 1916 (discharge, by extension of rating 

curve, about 26 second-feet). The high water of March 27, 1913, reached a stage 

of 18.9 feet, as determined from reference point on scale platform opposite gage 

(discharge not determined).

ICE. River freezes over at the gage; control usually remains partly open, although, 

ice on the rocks and along the shore affects the stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. There are several power plants on the main stream and tributaries 

above the station, the nearest being that of the Sharon Power Co. at Sharon; 

when this plant is in operation it causes some diurnal fluctuation in discharge 

at low stages; this plant was operated only a short time, if at all, during the year. 

The effect of power plants farther upstream is eliminated by the large amount of 

pondage at Sharon.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve fairly well denned between 150 and 5,000 second-feet. Staff 

gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table, and making correction for effect of ice 

during the winter. Records good.

Discharge measurements of White River at West Hartford, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 22

Feb. 27

Mar. 21

Made by 

M. R. Stackpole.......

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«3.83

"4.15

07.98

«7.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

428

303

2,820

2,430

Date.

Apr. 13

July 28

Aug. 27

Made by 

J. W.Moulton. ........

Gage

Feet. 

6.31

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,780

165

171

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

498° 21 WSP 471 7
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-Jeet, of White River at West Hartford, "Pi., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5-.-..-........

6..............

7-. -.--.-.-... .

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

170

215

200

200

248

620

530

395

345

345

285

248

445

620

445

560

590

445

370

345

620

530

420

370

1,280

1,200

855

1,200

1,280

4,730

5,900

Nov.

2,570

1,860

1,550

1,200

1,040

925

855

785

750

685

652

620

590

590

445

530

500

472

420

530

560

590

395

400

370

250

190

280

Dec.

320

370

400

280

420

370

280

280

210

320

320

320

340

340

370

320

370

420

370

400

400

420

420

370

420

300

260

370

250

280

Jan.

370

230

210

190

190

130

ion

190

200

230

250

280

200

175

320

370

VM

210

280

260

280

280

280

280

280

320

210

210

250

9W

260

Feb.

190

175

160

230

190

200

175

230

175

150

175

260

230

260

750

680

820

620

400

620

2,400

1,100

920

880

880

880

3,000

1,650

Mar.

1,200

880

1,050

820

880

880

820

750

680

620

500

560

620

750

620

500

680

820

880

1,100

2,200

2,800

4,700

3,500

3,300

3,300

2,800

1,650

2,200

5,900

4,540

Apr.

6,300

9,580

8,740

5,500

4,000

3,300

3,470

3,640

5,700

4,540

3,470

2,990

2,700

2,990

3,300

3.640

4,000

4,730

3,300

2,840

2,840

5,110

3,640

3,640

2,700

2,320

2,200

2,200

2,320

2,990

May.

3,300

2,700

2,200

1,860

1,650

1,460

1,550

1,460

1,370

1,280

2,200

1,550

1,860

3,470

2,320

1,750

1,550

1,370

1,120

1,200

1,200

1,120

1,040

925

960

1,080

890

1,120

1,040

750

652

June.

718

785

590

445

345

305

472

925

560

652

685

652

1,040

820

685

472

472

445

395

370

345

420

820

890

750

590

445

395

445

July.

472

530

420

325

305

305

325

325

345

325

370

370

500

785

685

472

395

395

370

285

285

248

200

200

175

215

215

188

144

130

160

Aug.

158

146

138

64

124

138

200

175

590

820

395

370

370

345

285

325

265

248

200

200

200

188

155

248

200

175

175

175

152

118

67

Sept.

67

230

188

230

166

162

160

155

146

170

165

200

175

175

132

126

170

148

500

472

750

820

445

445

500

1,370

6,500

2,200

1,370

1,120

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Nov. 26 to Mar. 29; daily discharge for this period 

determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Stage-discharge relation affected by backwater from logs May 24-29; correction estimated.

Monthly discharge of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,jor the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 687 square miles.]

Month.

March . .

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,900 

2,570 

440 

370 

3,000 

5,900 

9,580 

3,470 

1,040 

785 

820 

6,500

9,580

Minimum.

170 

190 

210 

130 

150 

500 

2.200 

652 

305 

130 

64 

67

64

Mean.

839 

736 

347 

248 

657 

1,690 

3,960 

1,550 

579 

338 

239 

649

983

Per 

square 

mile.

1.22 

1.07 

.505 

.361 

.956 

2.46 

5.76 

2.26 

.843 

.492 

.348 

.945

1.43

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.41 

1.19 

'.58 

.42 

1.00 

2.84 

6.43 

2.61 

.94 

.57 

.40 

1.05

19.44
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 99

ASHUELOT RIVER AT HINSDALE, N. H.

LOCATION. At lo^er steel highway bridge, a quarter of a mile below dam of Pisk 

Paper Co. and H miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 440 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 22, 1907, to December 31, 1909, and JuTv 11, 1914, 

to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge; read bj Teresa Golden.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered "with coarse gravel and boulders. Control 

is a short distance below gage and is practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during j ear, 6.80 feet at 4 p. m. 

April 3 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 4,150 second-feet); 

minimum stage lecorded, 2.18 feet at 4 p. m. August 11 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 20 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage recordea, 7.5 feet at 5 p. m. February 26, 1915 

(discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 5,190 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 2.0 feet at 4 p. m. October 4, 1914 (discharge, from extension of 

rating curve, about 10 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms below bridge on control, affecting stage-discharge relation for short 

periods.

REGULATION. The mills immediately above station are operated continuously 

except for Sundays and holidays, but cause little fluctuation in stage. Several 

reservoirs and ponds on the rivei and tributaries have some effect on the distribution of flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined below 4,000 second-feet. Gage read 

to hundredths twice daity. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table and making correction for effect of ice during the winter. 

Records good.

Discharge measurements of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 13

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet.

o3.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

130

106

Date.

Mar. 20

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell.. ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.40

3.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

999 040

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

7....... .......

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12... ...........

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17... ...........

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27... ...........

28..............

29..............

30..............

0131..............

Oct.

115

115

122

161

134

120

111

111

122

161

134

134

115

122

115

167

161

161

150

161

161

161

139

134

134

147

147

206

161

206

Nov.

161

161

161

235

375

1,160

2,1^0

1,910

1,550

350

310

223

264

335

215

176

173

106

215

197

176

206

335

400

278

185

200

185

105

Dec.

185

I'O

300

260

300

140

130

280

120

240

300

280

220

185

170

130

130

170

185

200

185

130

86

130

155

140

140

140

130

105

96

Jan.

76

86

86

105

140

155

155

155

155

155

140

105

120

130

130

130

105

130

120

140

130

155

120

120

105

140

130

120

105

120

120

Feb.

140

105

130

140

130

120

120

120

140

140

140

140

155

220

155

240

260

300

400

460

350

260

300

460

700

520

460

520

Mar.

720

1,000

1,200

600

350

350

430

400

320

350

320

239

268

350

282

400

260

247

330

1,000

1,670

2,040

2,580

2,720

2,440

2,580

2,440

1,910

1,790

1,910

2,440

Apr.

2,300

3,280

4,010

3,720

3,720.

2,860

2,170

1,550

2,440

2,300

2,170

2,580

2,860

2,300

1,550

2,040

2,300

1,610

1,160

2,170

2,720

2,860

2,040

1,100

810

1,210

900

625

325

375

May.

520

520

460

400

350

810

660

555

350

400

460

520

590

770

900

1,210

1,380

1,100

950

695

490

430

231

194

264

300

264

209

320

350

350

June.

340

350

350

231

 345

315

375

310

215

247

223

375

330

375

350

235

282

264

231

209

235

282

430

855

520

490

375

350

375

282

July.

206

223

173

185

215

239

260

167

167

209

185

243

139

124

231

282

215

315

255

215

120

167

161

145

115

139

98

68

106

102

102

Aug.

90

106

115

24

82

94

82

86

98

90

25

161

170

191

223

255

155

115

134

137

139

134

111

120

52

134

139

111

137

139

134

Sept.

106

120

94

79

98

104

45

73

132

86

58

106

215

65

106

82

84

134

137

273

460

660

460

291

223

855

1,790

2,170

2,040

1 910

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 26 to Mar. 11; daily discharge for this period determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of two discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H.,for the year ending Sept, SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 440 square miles.]

Month.

Oqtober. ......................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

243 

2,170 

300 

155 

700 

2,720 

4,010 

1,380 

855 

315 

255 

2,170

4,010

Minimum.

Ill 

105 

86 

76 

105 

239 

325 

194 

209 

68 

24 

45

24

Mean.

146 

422 

178 

125 

262 

1,090 

2,070 

549 

338 

180 

122 

435

492

Per 

square 

 mile.

0.332 

.959 

.405 

.284 

.595 

2.48 

4.70 

1.25 

.768 

.409 

.277 

.989

1.12

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.38 

1.07 

.47 

.33 

.62 

2.86 

5.24 

1.44 

- .86 

.47 

.32 

1.10

15.16
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 101

MILLERS RIVER NEAR WINCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge known as Nolan's bridge, half a mile below mouth 

of Sip Pond Brook and 2 miles west of Winchendon, Worcester County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 80.0 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 5, 1916, to September 30, 1918. «

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank below highway 

bridge installed July 4. 1917. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge installed 

June 5, 1916. Foxboro water-stage recorder used from June 5 to July 3, 1917; 

inspected by Franklin Epps.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge or by wading,

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with gravel and "alluvial deposits. Control 

for low and medium stages is about 80 feet below gage. Clearly denned.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 6.56 feet at 9.30 p. m. April 3 (discharge, 715 second-feet); a stage 

of 8.13 feet was recorded at 6 p. m. March 23, but the stage-discharge relation 

was affected by ice at the time; minimum stage during year, from water-stage 

recorder, 2.02 feet at 5 a. m. September 20 (discharge, practically zero; water 

held back by dams).

1916-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 6.56 feet at 9.30 p. m. April 

3, 1918 (discharge, 715 second-feet); minimum stage recorded September 20, 

1918.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Complete ice cover usually 

remains intact throughout the winter. Owing to large diurnal fluctuation caused 

by operation of power plants in the vicinity of Winchendon, water frequently 

overflows the ice.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow affected by operation of power plants at and 

below Winchendon and by storage in Lake Monomonac and other reservoirs.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation somewhat shifting on account of gravel bar 80 

feet below the gage. Two rating curves have been used, both well defined for 

periods covered. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout the 

year except from December 29 to February 8, when clock frequently stopped on 

account of low temperatures. Daily discharge for open-water period ascertained 

by use of discharge integrator. Records good for open-water periods and when 

the water-stage recorder was in operation, but only fair for winter period.

Discharge measurements of Millers River at Winchendon, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Tlar* Q

Feb. 8

Mar. 8

Apr. 4

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

03.31

«4.70

«5.25

06.82

R V)

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

49.5

79

39.7

223

658

Date.

A -r\r o

July 18

18

Aug. 20

28

Made by 

.....do.................

A.N. Weeks...........

J. W. Moulton. ........

height.

Feet. 

4.35

3.54

3.31

3.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

249

130

104

115

13.9

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Millers River near Winchendon, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4.......

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13.............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26.............. 7>j

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

56

56

56

54

45

39

28

42

40

48

57

59

46

13

56

50

58

60

36

50

14

40

44

52

61

102

84

24

142

250

400

Nov.

220

126

57

80

66

68

64

62

59

32

70

7Q

74

55

55

48

25

83

CQ

67

61

125

i n^

36

90

116

38

92

Dec.

lAK

45

85

95

85

78

78

 70

50

85

70

78

85

78

62

35

62

62

62

zn

50

AK

15

Cfl

18

78

50

45

40

15

, 78

Jan.

18

45

50

50

78

18

45

30

35

30

35

30

13

62

55

70

62

55

45

15

55

62

55

Kf\

45

45

18

45

50

56

55

Feb.

62

50

15

50

62

45

40

40

18

30

40

45

50

50

45

25

50

105

170

330

OAA

270

220

280

<tti

330 QAP;

Mar.

330

300

260

300

240

195

220

230

220

230

220

205

195

220

205

205

160

220

260

375

47 ^

555

535

555

|515

495

175

425

455

495

Apr.

540

590

620

590

495

395

290

380

325

330

300

290

235

190

345

345

340

360

295

240

215

490

460

390

350

245

200

154

190

164

May.

255

270

225

152

122

112

142

128

112

114

79

37

102

122

144

134

122

104

41

85

97

102

94

92

90

40

104

104

104

46

84

June.

73

18

71

77

76

68

95

93

22

57

99

99

92

96

95

50

78

79

73

72

61

134

210

290

170

136

136

134

90

60

July.

79

80

66

50

65

65

50

70

73

75

74

75

65

40

50

50

88

108

70

71

16

59

67

58

54

55

53

27

53

71

62

Aug.

49

54

62

28

35

50

60

70

86

67

22

62

71

79

69

58

45

17

53

72

66

71

66

58

14

61

55

54

58

55

52

Sept.

22

15

44

50

62

55

40

14

42

54

40

46

54

30

11

42

39

53

46

49

77

41

75

85

66

116

365

355

220

180

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 1 

mined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by moans of four disci 

notes, and weather records, and comparison with record of " 

estimated Oct. 15-21, May 25-26; June 15-16, July 5-8,12-15 

with records at other stations.

to Mar. 31; daily discharge for this period deterans of four discharge measurements, observer's 

of flow of Millers River at Erving. Discharge 

>, and Aug. 6-8,30, by hydrograpn comparison

Monthly discharge of Millers River near Winchendon, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 80.0 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

December. ....................................

March .........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

400 

305 

145 

78 

345 

555 

620 

270 

290 

108 

86 

365

620

Minimum.

13

25 

15 

13 

15

160 

154 

37 

18 

16 

14 

11

11

Mean.

69.7 

85.9 

62.7 

44.4 

124 

325 

345 

115 

96.8 

62.5 

55.5 

79.6

122

Per 

square 

mile.

0.871 

1.07 

.784 

.555 

1.55 

4.06 

4.31 

1.44 

1.21 

.781 

.694 

.995

1.52

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.00 

1.19 

.90 

.64 

1.61 

4.68 

4.81 

1.66 

1.35 

.90 

.80 

l.ll

20.65
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 103

MILLERS RIVER AT ERVING, MASS.

LOCATION A quarter of a mile below dam at Erving, Franklin County, 8 miles 

above confluence of Millers River with Connecticut River, and below all impoitant 

tributaries.

DRAINAGE AREA. 372 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August I, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Vertical staff attached to downstream end of factory; read by Arthur Lemire. 

Water-stage recorder installed in gage house on right bank July 1, 1915; gage 

heights referred to gage datum by a hook gage inside the well.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable near gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with coarse gravel and boulders. Control 

section is a short distance below the gage; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 4.63 feet at 7 a. m. April 3 (discharge, 3,090 second-feet); a stage 

of 5.97 feet was recorded at 8.30 a. m. February 27, but the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice; minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 1.0 foot at 

10 a. m. August 4 (discharge, 9 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 5.6 feet at 4 p. m. February 

25, 1915 (discharge, 5,160 second-feet); see also preceding paragraph; minimum 

discharge, practically zero at various times during 1915, and at 3.30 p. m. October 

29, 1916, when water was held back by dams above the gage.

ICE. River freezes over below the gage at various times during the winter; ice considerably broken by rising and falling stages due to operation of power plants; 

stage-discharge relation seriously affected.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow affected by operation of various power plants and 

storage reservoirs above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve well denned below 4,000 second-feet. Staff gage read to 

hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator, except for periods when continuous gage-height record was not obtained, 

and then the staff-gage records were used with corrections as determined by 

various comparisons with the water-stage recorder. Records good, except for 

times of ice effect, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Millers River at Erving, Mass., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 10

Made by 

.....do.................

£&

Feet.

a 3 W7 04.00

a3.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

766

243

200

Date.

Mar. 19

July 17

Made by 

H. W. Fear. ...........

Gage

Feet. 

a3.70

2.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. i 9^in

657

437

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Millers River at Erving, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

260

70

225

215

210

215

140

290

140

190

235

280

255

150

275

255

290

315

215

280

145

225

235

260

275

430

270

355

475

800

1,730

Nov.

1,610

1,220

790

580

620

495

470

460

440

340

290

480

240

390

405

335

345

120

340

280

01 n

370

445

510

440

370

300

285

270

285

Dec.

280

120

350

400

450

420

400

400

120

350

400

350

170

300

260

75

260

240

260

220

200

180

20

220

55

220

200

200

180

55

220

Jan.

165

150

180

260

40

180

95

135

120

150

120

70

260

180

300

260

95

120

260

220

220

180

150

55

180

220

240

240

Feb.

260

220

55

220

260

220

180

200

220

180

200

180

200

220

350

280

350

570

1,500

1,560

950

1,000

1,150

1,620

1,370

Mar.

1,550

1,550

820

1,150

780

630

780

740

660

i iin

1,050

1 '950 000

950

900

860

570

950

950

1,260

1,490

1,910

2,420

2,610

2,510

2,510

2,240

1,910

1,830

1,830

1,910

Apr.

2,240

2,510

2,810

2,610

2,150

1,830

1,500

1,450

1,500

1,450

1,400

1,300

1250

1,050

1,500

1,650

1,600

1,500

1,500

1,300

1,600

1,800

1,700

1,450

1,250

1,050

900

840

860

May.

900

1,200

1,100

960

720

820

700

650

610

590

570

630

550

580

800

770

560

330

400

520

450

390

430

350

410

350

370

420

270

June.

370

250

350

260

210

170

280

420

360

QAA

410

530

540

590

500

340

400

375

290

270

295

640

950

1,100

960

590

540

465

385

180

July.

265

200

255

148

200

215

100

270

225

220

235

250

160

330

225

305

350

370

385

185

265

210

205

200

182

132

31

152

230

176

Aug.

180

150

110

14

270

136

132

140

124

180

126

188

160

175

185

230

240

42

190

170

138

134

172

152

50

114

116

130

143

145

205

Sept.

88

31

35

148

132

132

100

31

138

135

124

128

130

125

40

146

14R

130

124

230

450

330

320

265

295

385

1,180

1,340

1,080

850

NOTE . Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Mar. 19; daily discharge for this period determined 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Discharge estimated May 8-13, 26-28, June 4-10, and July 7, by comparison with 

records at other stations in the Millers Eiver basin.

Monthly discharge of Millers River at Erving, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 372 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

January- ......................................

April ..........................................

May...........................................

June ............... . .......... . ....

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,730 

1,610 

450 

300 

1,620 

2,610 

2,810 

1,200 

1,140 

385 

2'0 

1,340

2,810

Minimum.

70 

120 

20 

40 

55 

570 

840 

270 

170 

31 

14 

31

14

Mean.

313

461 

244 

178 

532 

1,370 

1,550 

594 

444 

222 

150 

293

528

Per 

square 

mile.

0.841 

1.24 

.656 

.478 

1.43 

3.68 

4.17 

1.60 

1.19 

.597 

.403 

.788

1.42

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.97 

1.38

.76 

.55 

1.49 

4.24 

4.65 

1.84 

1.33 

.69 

.47 

.88

19.24
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 105

SIP POND BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. About 500 feet above highway bridge a quarter of a mile below Massachusetts-New Hampshire State line, 1$ miles below outlet of Sip Pond, and 3 

miles northwest of Winchendon, Worcester County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 18.8 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 29,1916, J» September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder installed June 26,1917, and vertical staff 

gage installed June 9, 1917, on left bank, 500 feet above highway bridge. Inclined staff gage on right! bank 50 feet above highway bridge, used May 29 to June 

29, and December 13,1916, to June 26,1917. Stevens 8-day water-stage recorder at 

same site and datum used June 30 to December 12, 1916. Gages read by W. G. 

Greenall and Hazel Greenall. All gages at same datum, but owing to slope of 

stream and different control section, present gage reads higher than those previously used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge 15 feet below vertical staff gage 

or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough, covered with boulders. Control clearly defined. Considerable aquatic vegetation in channel below inclined staff gage 

during summer.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. -Maximum discharge during year, 221 second-feet, occurred at noon April 3; minimum discharge, 4 second feet, occurred at 2 p. m. 

August 25.

1916-1918: Maximum discharge during period, about 294 second-feet, occurred at 6 p. m., March 28, 1917; minimum discharge, August 25, 1918.

REGULATION. The distribution of flow is considerably affected by operation of mills 

at State Line, N. H., and by storage in Pearly Pond and Sip Pond.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent for present site. Rating 

curve well denned below 200 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder 

satisfactory, except during winter, when it was affected by ice in gage1 well. 

Daily discharge determined by use of discharge integrator, except during winter. 

Open-water records excellent; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 7 

Mar. 8

Made by 

....do......:?..........

.....do..................

Gage

height.

Feet. 

05.68

"6.04

05.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

14.5

8.4 

44 1

Date.

Q

July 18

Anff 91

Made byEl. W. Fear ............

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.07

7.14

5.77 

5.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

188

96

20.3 

6.0

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
106 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9O

30..............

31..............

Oct.

13

1^.

1^

1*J

I*?

1*J

10

13

1*J

13

14

13

1*J

10

16

18

14

12

11

19

11

14

14

14

19

18

17

15

91

33

79

Nov.

85

60

51

43

38

<?1

26

25

23

23

16

20

99

19

15

17

17

11

19

20

20

21

99

22

16

28*?n

23

17

19

Dec.

27

14

30

26

97

OQ

29

21

11

19

19

18

15

16

19

12

16

1ft

18

1 ft

1ft

16

11

1Q

10

18

1 Q

16

16

10

1ft

Jan.

1Q

1Q

1Q

1Q

19

11

18

24ift

15

15

15

11

19

13

13

13

12

19

10

11

11

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Feb.

10

10

7

10

g

8

8

6

8

9

10

10

13

14

101<?

19

99

94.

99

20

16

40

69

80

fi9

Mar.

53

50

AQ

56

KA

48

42

49

32

30

35

38

40

42

47

53

64

65

65

67

116

14ft

134

138

134

104

93

108

130

Apr.

156 1 Qfi

205

1ftQ

119

1 99

99

Q9

90

80

68

66

62

78

82

80

85

81

70

63

99

100

88

75

65

56

48

47

42

May.

42

55

55

AK

32

Qfl

28

26

94,

21

21

14

21

25

33

35

29

24

16

23

21

24

25

26

24

20

 24

24

21

21

21

June.

19

14

16

16

16

14

19

18

10

17

17

19

20

21

24

13

19

17

10

16

18

32

75

74

53

35

28

24

21

14

July.

14

91

20

19

16

16

9 9

14

13

13

13

16

10

13

13

13

14

14

12

9.0

14

19

12

12

13

11

7.1

10

11

11

Aug.

1 9

11

11

7.1

11

19

12

11

8.2

9 9

7.5

10

10

7.7

11

10

9.0

6.7

8.5

9.1

9.0

9.6

9.5

9.1

4.2

10

a 7

8.8

10

8.2

9.0

Sept.

1 9

O A

9.4

8 ft

9 A.

8 Q

9

C

5.8

9

C

8.0

7.6

7.2

8.1

6.5

6.2

5.7

8.6

11

12

19

22

18

99

22

18

34

110

120

77

63

NOTE, Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 14, and extreme cold also affected operation of water-stage recorder for short periods; daily discharge during this period determined from gage 

heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records.

Monthly discharge of Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 18.8 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

72 

85 

30 

24 

80 

140 

205 

55 

75 

' 20 

12 

120

205

Minimum.

10 

11 

10 

8 

6 

30 

42 

14 

10 

7.1 

4.2 

5.7

4.2

Mean.

16.4 

26.6 

18.5 

13.5 

19.5 

71.9 

94.0 

27.6 

23.6 

13.0 

9.39 

22.9

29.7

Per 

square 

mile.

0.872 

1.41 

.984 

.718 

1.04 

3.82 

5.00 

1.47 

1.26 

.691 

.499 

1.22

1.58

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.01 

1.57 

1.13 

.83 

1.08 

4.40 

5.58 

1.70 

1.41 

.80 

58 

1.36

21.45
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 107

PRIEST BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge 3 miles above confluence of Priest Brook with Millers

River and 3J miles west of Winchendon, Worcester County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 18.8 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 25, 1916, to September 30, 1917, and July 18 to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Sloping staff on left bank 200 feet below highway bridge; read by

R. D. Hutchinson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel above the station is straight, with fairly uniform

section and gravel bottom. Control formed" by the foundation of an old dam

30 feet below the gage; practically permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the period covered by

records, 4.88 feet at 7 a. m. March 28 and 29, 1917 (discharge, 306 second-feet);

minimum stage recorded during periods, 2.11 feet at 7 a. m. August 26, 1918

(discharge, 1.3 second-feet).

REGULATION. Flow not appreciably affected by regulation. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well

denned below 200 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table.'

Records good.

Discharge measurements of Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 13

July 18

Made by 

A. N. Weeks...........

height.

Feet. 

2.91

2.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

15.4

15.3

Date.

Aug. 20

Made by 

J. W. Moulton........

height.

Feet. 

2.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.6

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1 ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

July. Aug.

2.5

2.0

1.9

2.0

4.6

1.9

3.2

2.1

Sept.

2.4

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.4

1.8

1.8

Day.

11 ........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19. ........

20.........

July.

13

7.3

4.6

Aug.

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.2

4.8

2.7

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.6

Sept.

1.6

1.5

3.6

2.6

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.6

7.9

20

Day.

21. ........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

July

4.0

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.8

3.2

2.5

2.2

40

16

2.8

Aug.

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.5

1.8

2.0

1.9

Sept.

35

25

20

20

21

31

165

123

78

60

Monthly discharge of Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918. 

[Drainage area, 18.8 square miles.)

Month.

July 18-31....................................

Discharge in'second-feet.

Maximum.

40 

4.8 

165

Minimum.

2.2 

1.3 

1.3

Mean.

7.70 

2.11 

21.4

Per

square 

mile.

0.410 

.112 

1.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.21 

.13 

1.27
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

EAST BRANCH OF TULLY RIVER NEAR ATHOL, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge half a mile below mouth of Lawrence Brook and 3^ 

miles north of Athol, Worcester County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 50.2 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 13, 1916, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff on downstream side of right abutment; read by W. A. Thompson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Two channels under bridge, one channel above; about 200 

feet, below the gage channel is divided by an island, and the control sections are 

formed by rocks and boulders.in the two channels, probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 3.35 feet at 

7 a. m. April 3 (discharge, 588 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.24 foot 

at 7 a. m. August 29 (discharge, 2.5 second-feet).

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 3.76 feet at 1 p. m. March 28, 1917 (discharge, 780 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, August 29, 1918.

ICE. River freezes slightly along banks, and stage-discharge relation is affected for 

short periods.

DIVERSIONS. About half a mile below the station water is diverted through a 

canal into Packard Pond. A discharge measurement July 19, 1918, showed a 

flow of 10.5 second-feet diverted through the canal. On August 28, canal was dry.

REGULATION. Flow not seriously affected by regulation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except for short periods 

when affected by ice. Rating curve well defined below 300 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily, except from December 9 to March 31, when it 

was read once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table and making corrections for effect of ice during winter. 

Records good.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 7

Feb. 9

Made by- height.

Feet. 

ol.l2

o.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

24.1

18.3

Date.

July 19

Aug. 28

Made by 

C. H. Pierce............

H. W. Fear............

 ».

Feet. 

1.31

.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

M <?

2.9

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 109

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East JSranch of Tully River near Atkol, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. 80, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

14

14

14

11

iq

1Q

26

24

99

20

20

34

45

40

42

OQ

34

28°.i

JO

38

33

32

64

70

59

76(U.

117

425

Nov.

365

251

197

157

1 Oft

Qfi

83

79

65

61

60

55

49

45

45

43

41

41

1Q

38

JO

71

76

76

57

45

40

35

00

Dec.

39

45

48

46

45

43

42

35

34

34

33

33

00

35

33

32

01

00

34

35

37

39

40

39

36

3409

28

26

24

23

Jan.

90

23

24

25

26

26

24

24

OO

91

91

28

OQ

01

34

34

01

29

27

97

29

24

26

23

24

22

24

22

25

25

25

Feb.

24

25

20

24

20

20

23

24

1 Q

19

19

18

1 8.

91

24

31

34

37

40

76

96

134

149

165

149

174

202

202

Mar.

197

183

170

145

149

1 97

145

149

130

120

113

104

QQ

99

90

93

QQ

104

123

161

207

309

429

437

jon

437

421

437

429

337

302

Apr.

491

485

KfiK

505

OQQ

316

282

276

248

263

246

218

197

193

260

269

t)KA

248

243

207

190

289

298

269

193

165

147

132

125

May.

149

172

149

110

%

. 93

QQ

7°,

70

79

66

101

125

Q7

66

CO

KA

56

56

48

42

45

45

40

35

36

37

June.

36

33

97

22

1 Q

18

91

46

07

37

35

41

77

76

62

46

36

29

23

19

16

86

232

200

145

103

79

60

49

42

July.

35

31

OK

20

17

16

15

16

15

14

14

14

99

23

25

20

19

43

50

38

29

23

18

14

1 9

9.8

8.8

7.6

6.4

6.7

11

Aug.

9.5

8.2

6.7

5.8

4.9

4.9

4.4

3.8

A Q

6.1

8.2

9.8

9.2

9.5

18

18

16

19

8.5

7.0

6.4

4.4

3.6

3.1

3.4

2.9

3.1

2.9

3.1

5.2

4.9

Sept.

10

10

9.5

9.2

8.2

5.2

3.8

4.4

6.7

4.9

4.1

3.8

7 1

9.5

12

11

10

12

27

49

103

107

80

63

53

72

320

309

215

163

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 9-20, and Dec. 26 to Feb. 19; daily discharge during 

these periods determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of two discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass., for the year ending

Sept: 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 50.2 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

425 

365 

48 

34 

202 

437 

565 

172 

232 

50 

18 

320

565

Minimum.

13 

32 

23 

21

18 

88 

125 

35 

16 

6.4 

2.9 

3.8

2.9

Mean.

50.5 

83.9 

35.5 

25.7 

64.5 

218 

271 

84.0 

58.4 

19.9 

7.05 

56.8

81.0

Per 

square 

mile.

1.00 

1.67 

.707 

.512 

1.28 

4.34 

5.40 

1.67 

1.16 

.396 

.140 

1.13

1.61

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.15

1.86 

.82 

.59 

1.33 

5.00 

6.02 

1.92 

1.29 

.46 

.16 

1.26

21.86
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

MOSS BROOK AT WENDELL DEPOT, MASS.

LOCATION. A quarter of a mile above confluence with Millers River and a quarter 

of a mile from Wendell Depot, Franklin County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 12.2 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 7,1916, to September 30,1918. From June 4 to October 

16, 1909, records were obtained at a station near the mouth of the stream, and 

from April 25 to August 27, 1910, at a weir a short distance below the present 

location.

GAGE. Sloping staff on left bank; read by C. M. Porter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed principally of ledge rock and boulders. 

Control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 2.87 feet at 

9 a. m. March 24 (discharge, 106 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.85 foot 

at 9 a. m. August 26 (discharge, 0.9 second-foot).

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 3.52 feet at 12.45 p. m. March 28, 1917 

(discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 187 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 0.85 foot at 9 a. m. August 26, 1918 (discharge, 0.9 second-foot).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow not affected by regulation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed by ice action, February 12-13; two 

rating curves used during the year, well defined below 60 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily, except from December 13 to April 8, when it 

was read once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table, and making corrections for effect of ice during the winter. 

Records good.

Discharge measurements of Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date. Made by 

M. R. Stackpole.......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«1.33

al.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.7

4.8

Date.

Feb. 9

Made by 

H. W. Fear............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

01.34

.87

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.2

1.0

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. Ill

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

13..............

14..............

11

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.7

7.8

4.5

3.6

3.3

2.9

2.7

2.6

11

7.8

6.3

7.5

5.7

4.6

4.3

6.1

6.1

5.0

4.3

5.0

12

9.4

6.8

21

20

39

91

Nov.

53

25

19

16

13

12

12

11

10

10

9.4

8.9

9.4

9.4

8.4

8.4

7.8

7.3

7.8

7.3

7.5

8.9

15

13

12

10

8.5

7

5.5

5

Dec.

5.5

9.5

10

9.5

9

8.5

7.5

6.5

7

6.5

6.5

6

5.5

5

5.5

5

5

7

8

8

9

10

8

8

7.5

7

6.5

6

5

4

4

Jan.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

5

4.5

4

4

4

8.5

8

7

6.5

6

6

6

6

5.5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

4.5

4.5

4.5

Feb.

4.5

4.5

5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4

4.5

6

4.5

5

6

6.8

7.9

9 7

9.7

O 1

O 7

14

34

32

30

30

28

34

66

68

K7

Mar.

46

44

42

40

38

37

34

32

30

28

26

25

21

20

23

23

28

VJ

11

62

73

89

106

80

84

63

19

W>

69

84

Apr.

92

101

98

78

66

55

51

48

47

52

45

41

40

44

65

63

11

52

47

QQ

52

68

62

49

42

34

30

oo

25

27

May.

47

47

35

30

27

22

20

17

16

19

21

17

16

53

42

30

21

17

14

12

14

14

13

10

13

10

8.2

9.3

8.8

June.

8.2

6.8

5.1

4.4

4.1

6.8

12

16

9.7

7.6

6

15

17

11

8.2

6

4.1

2.7

2.3

2.1

1.9

46

28

20

13

7.1

5.3

5.1

3.9

July.

4.8

5.5

4.4

3.5

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.1

5-5

4.3

3.4

4.8

11

5.7

3.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.8

3.2

Aug.

2.2

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.6

2.3

1.7

1.4

1.4

1.6

2.1

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.7

1.0

2.7

1.3

1.3

Sept.

3.4

2.0

1.7

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

2.0

1.4

1.2

1.1

6

3.2

1.8

1.6

1.6

2.1

2.4

5.7

15

9

5.3

4.6

3.8

27

46

29

14

10

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 26 to Feb. 12, and Mar. 7-11; daily discharge during 

these periods determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 12.2 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May..................................... ......

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

91 

53 

10 

8.5 

68 

106 

101 

53 

46 

11 

2.7 

46

106

Minimum

1.9 

5 

4 

4 

4 

20 

25 

8.2 

1.9 

1.4 

1.0 

1.1

1.0

Mean.

10.0 

11.9 

6.97 

5.21 

18 

47.5 

53.2 

20.7 

9.81 

3.27 

1.45 

6.91

16.2

Per 

square 

mile.

0.820 

.976 

.571 

.427 

1.48 

3.89 

4.36 

1.70 

.804 

.265 

.118 

.566

1.33

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches cm 

drainage 

area).

0.95 

1.09 

.66 

.49 

1.54 

4.48 

4.86 

1.96 

.90 

.31 

.14 

.63

18.01
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

DEERFIELD RIVER AT CHARLEMOWT, MASS.

LOCATION. About 1 mile below village of Charlemont, Franklin County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 362 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 19, 1913, to September 30,1918.

GAGES. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank, referred to gage datum by a hook 

gage inside the well; an inclined staff gage is used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with coarse gravel and boulders. Section 

fairly uniform. Control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 9.25 feet at 9 a. m. March 22 (discharge, 15,300 second-feet); a 

stage of 11.75 feet was recorded at noon March 21, but the water was held back 

by an ice jam; minimum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 1.40 feet 

at 7 a. m. July 7 (discharge, 32 second-feet).

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 15.7 feet on July 8, 1915 (discharge, by 

extension of rating curve, about 45,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

1.35 feet September 21 and November 3, 1914 (discharge, 23 second-feet).

ICE. River usually frozen over during the greater part of the winter; ice jams occasionally form below the gage, causing several feet of backwater.

REGULATION. Flow during low and medium stages largely regulated by a storage 

reservoir at Somerset, Vt. Several power plants above the station cause diurnal 

fluctuation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve well denned. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory, except for short periods as shown in the footnote to the daily-discharge 

table. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Records 

good.

Discharge measurements of Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Tan. 11

Feb. 12

Mar. 18

Made by 

.....do.....:?..........

.....do.................

*

Feet. 

04.56

04.54

o 5. 23

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

430

QflQ

868

Date.

July 16

Sept. 6

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.38 i on

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

426

IRQ

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 113

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Deerfie Id River at Charlemont, Mass., for the year end'

ing Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

94

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

420

OCA

360

* ^Mfl

320

375

460

oce

220

260

Q4A

180

460

420

VAK

620

420

325

245

225

01 A

235

285

465

1 Qftn

fun

KQA

640

ftlft

5,400

3,950

Nov.

1,420

AQA

640

CAA

KCA

480

440

350

420

220

on*

510

460

405

470

QAA

oe

O7A

305

OQA

410

480

OCA

215

450

AKf\

250

480

Dec.

dfifl

265

560

560

440

AA(\

260

100

560

640

79ft,

880

KAA

AAf\

KAA

560

640

79ft

640

OlA

75

Q1 A

IQC

340

01 A

Q4A

340

KA

240

Jan.

280

AQA

dftft

400

Q7A

60

400

540

460

<Uft

4 fin

400

75

01 f)

560

720

640

440 JOC

260

9fin

°.ift

640

640

KO{\

75

100

Q7A

440

Feb.

370

01ft

75

135

310

500

370

0.7A

370

9">ft

50

135

0.1 A

260

Q7A

°.1ft

220

01 A

^7ft

4,200

3,600

1 fi^ft

1 9Kfi

Qfifl

Qftfl

1,600

1 600

1 250

Mar.

i 9*10

1,050

7QA

7QA

720

QAA

1,350

1,050

720

640

720

640

79ft

79ft

ft4ft

540

CAA

7QA

QQA

1 9K/1

3

AAA

A Afif\

3

ACA

2

7KA

2

7KA

2,450

1,700

1,320

1,500

2 OKA

3,150

Apr.

4 800

6^500

5,400

3 IRA

2,150

1 fvlft

1 Qflft

2 QAA

3,000

3,000

1 740 i,'30o

1,040

1,000

1,700

2

OAA

2 7nn

3,300

2 QAA

1,720

2

QAA

4,850

3 OCA

2 QAA

1 Sftft

1,400

1,200

1 200

l',450

2,000

May.

2,400

1 840

l'200

970

610

740

600

530

540

560

1,460

osn

830

g o^iA

1 740

1,140

QOft

700

430

570

650

KAA

580

540

o.ftfi

O.1ft

650

KAA

COA

405

630

June.

410

OAA

325

O*3A

174

180

440

770

325

405

0.4ft

405

7KA

590

410

168

260

oon

215

OQA

I

OftA

1,200

830

550

QftC

220

165

140

86

July.

170

QOA

22501 '170

114<i«

174

205

260

OQA

OCA

O.QC;

140

425

340

275

325

99 K

190

60

240

ooft

245

280

210

270

250

330

Aug.

370

355

250

126

450

480

440

400

1,000

350

142

240

186

186

300

OKft

225

180

240

255

one

275

260

138

AKK

320

300

280

270

200

Sept.

180

140

320

270

225

210

1Qfl

61

200

225

255

97 K

270

100

205

190

172

OAA

315

600

700

OAA

OKK

340

3 KAA

1,100

650

475

420

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 3 to Mar. 21; daily discharge for this period 

determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by three discharge measurements, observer's notes 

and weather records, and comparison with records at New England Power Co.'s plant No. 4 at Shelburne 

Falls. Water-stage recorder not in operation Apr. 28 to May 1; Aug. 8-10, 28; and Sept. 27-28; discharge 

for these periods estimated by comparison with records at other stations.

Monthly discharge of Deerfield River at Charkmont, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 362 square miles.]

April...................

May....................

July.... ................

Observed discharge (second-feet).

Maximum.

5,400 

1,420 

880 

720 

4,200 

4,450 

6,500 

2,950 

1,360 

425 

1,000 

3,500

6,500

Minimum.

180 

85 

50 

60 

50 

500 

1,000 

310 

86 

46 

126 

61

46

Mean.

727 

443 

433 

384 

808 

1,480 

2,500 

885 

407 

225 

305 

426

749

Gain or 

loss in 

storage 

at Somerset. Vt. 

(millions 

of cubic 

feet).

+103 

-166 

. -508 

-446 

- 55 

+269 

+620 

+387 

+176 

-299 

-536 

0

-455

Discharge corrected 

for storage (second-feet).

Mean.

765 

379 

243 

217 

785 

1,580 

2,740 

1,030 

475 

113 

105 

426

735

Per 

square 

mile.

2.11 

1.05 

.671 

.599 

2.17 

4.36 

7.57 

2.85 

1.31 

.312 

.290 

1.18

2.03

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.43 

1.17 

.77 

.69 

2.26 

5.03 

8.45 

3.29 

1.46 

.36 

.33 

1.32

27.56

NOTE. The increase (+) or decrease ( ) of water held in storage at Somerset, Vt., during the month has 

been computed by engineers of the Geological Survey from data of storage increase or decrease furnished 

by the company operating the reservoir.

498° 21 WSP 471 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

WARE RIVER AT GIBBS CROSSING, MASS.

LOCATION. Between highway and electric railway bridges at Gibbs Crossing, threequarters of a mile above mouth of Beaver Brook and 3 miles below Ware, Hampshire County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 201 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 20,1912, to September 30, 1918.

GAGEs.-^-Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on the right bank referred to gage 

datum by a hook gage inside of well; an inclined staff gage is used for auxiliary 

readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the electric railway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough and subject to a growth of aquatic vegetation 

during summer. Control free from weeds and at ordinary stages well defined 

at a section near the gage; shifts occasionally; at high stages the control is probably at the dam at Thorndike, 4 miles below the gage.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 3.84 feet at 12 noon March 23 (discharge, 1,260 second-feet); a stage 

of 8.85 feet was recorded at 10 a. m. February 27, but the water was held back 

by an ice jam; minimum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 1.38 feet 

at 4 a. m. July 29 (discharge, 21 second-feet).

1912-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 5.9 feet on March 2,1914 (discharge, 2,770 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.20 feet on October 26, 

1914 (discharge, 5 second-feet).

ICE. River freezes over, and the stage-discharge relation is seriously affected by the 

ice; the large diurnal fluctuation in flow breaks up the ice and causes a variable 

backwater effect.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of mills at Ware, which at low stages causes 

a large variation in discharge on days when the mills are in operation and a low 

discharge on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. Slight changes in the stage-discharge relation occurred during the year. 

Rating curve fairly well defined. The operation of water-stage recorder was 

satisfactory, except for short periods as shown in footnote to daily-discharge table. 

Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Nov. 8

27

Dec. 19

Jan. 29

Feb. 27

Made by 

H.W.Fear. ...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.42

2.24

03.55

a 3.61

a 8.80

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

2o6

19S

142

1,320

Date.

Mar. 15

July 6

Made by 

M.R.Stackpole........

A. N. Weeks. ..........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.10

2.22

1.70

1.47

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

528

168

51

29.4

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 115

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

l. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Ocfc

56

61

60

55

53

51

32

56

90

100

82

74

56

35

52

172

130

90

70

55

34

80

94

124

140

170

162

156

230

310

420

Nov.

455

310

240

225

215

200

190

174

156

120

96

178

160

166

172

148

112

54

100

126

134

132

168

164

130

198

152

122

67

116

Dec.

184

83

245

280

205

198

210

164

100

170

200

210

190

180

125

82

ion

145

135

Q4.

115

88

52

135

41

56

86

120

94

35

115

Jan.

29

66

86

OR

110

39

70

105

80

86

155

155

105

260

260

195

165

37

45

66

76

165

220

116

120

50

37

80

120

135

76

Feb.

76

52

40

64

80

100

90

90

48

37

88

140

210

110

175

280

230

215

190

380

1,000

790

540

380

300

790

1,110

540

Mar.

890

700

480

380

540

980

1,000

800

650

600

540

510

670

620

550

480

530

800

790

720

850

990

1,100

1,120

1,080

1,000

880

760

700

670

660

Apr.

720

710

780

780

720

610

500

510

490

470

440

440

440

425

680

630

580

545

550

480

470

790

760

700

600

490

445

386

430

405

May.

560

670

580

480

400

415

380

375

345

325

275

245

280

295

295

290

265

180

170

236

230

205

205

170

128

108

205

178

184

87

210

June.

122

104

178

110

148

124

164

148

168

205

190

210

205

190

160

150

188

130

140

136

79

300

490

400

280

250

200

170

112

89

July.

156

128

128

43

136

84

37

156

82

61

110

132

80

26

138

91

140

120

142

92

29

124

57

66

90

61

41

16

60

64

160

Aug.

82

74

87

21

112

70

83

65

70

52

60

162

96

88

64

132

83

21

102

94

60

60

67

50

18

35

39

39

68

50

40

Sept.

22

32

60

46

70

120

72

23

64

64

75

80

73

67

30

63

100

124

- 118

110

480

370

275

260

180

200

790

830

445

360

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 10 to Mar. 5; discharge for this period determinedfrom gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Daily discharge Oct. 19-20, Nov. 5-7, and Dec. 1-2, estimated by means of 

hydrograph comparisons with recordsin adjacent drainage basins.

Monthly discharge of' Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 201 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

8epteTil"iw.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

420 

455 

280 

260 

1,110 

1,120 

790 

670 

490 

160 

162 

830

1,120

Minimum.

32 

54 

35 

29 

37 

380 

385 

87 

79 

16 

18 

22

16

Mean.

108 

165 

140 

109 

291 

743 

566 

289 

185 

91.9 

69.2 

187

245

Per 

square 

mile.

0.537 

.821 

.697 

.542 

1.45 

3.70 

2.82 

1.44 

.920 

.457 

.344 

.930

1.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.62 

.92 

.80 

.62 

1.51 

4.27 

3.15 

1.66 

1.03 

.53 

.40 

1.04

16.55
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

SWIFT RIVER. AT WEST WARE, MASS.

LOCATION. About 1,000 feet below old wooden dam opposite West Ware station of 

Boston & Albany Railroad, 6 miles downstream from Enfield, Franklin County, 

and 3 miles below confluence of East and West branches of Swift River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 186 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 15,1910, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage "recorder on left bank, referred to gage 

datum by means of a hook gage inside the well; an inclined staff gage is used for 

auxiliary readings. Prior to August 25, 1912, a chain gage on footbridge 600 

feet upstream from the present station was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists of gravel and alluvial deposits; some aquatic 

vegetation in channel during summer. Control subject to slight changes at 

high-water periods; at high stages the control is probably at the dam at Bondsville, 4 miles below the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 5.86 feet at noon March 25 (discharge, 1,100 second-feet); a 

stage of 7.2 feet was recorded at 8 a. m. March 2, but the water was held back by 

an ice jam; minimum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 1.73 feet at 

8 p. m. August 27 (discharge, 53 second-feet).

1910-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 9.1 feet on February 26,1915 (discharge, 

by extension of rating curve, 2,240 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.36 

feet on September 22,1914 (discharge, 22 second-feet).

ICE. River usually freezes over, and the stage-discharge relation is somewhat affected 

by the ice.

REGULATION. Operation of mills at Enfield, 6 miles above the station, affects distribution of flow at low and medium stages, but has only a slight effect when the 

mean daily discharge is over 200 second-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation unchanged during the year except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined below 1,200 second-feet. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height determined 

by inspecting recorder graph. Records only fair during the period affected by 

ice, but are good for rest of year.

Discharge measurements of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 21

Jan. 31

Mar. 6

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o2.26

o6.17

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

98

101

638

Date.

May 9

July 5

Made by 

A. N. Weeks.. .........

O. W. Hartwell. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.22

2.35

2.36

Discharge.

See.-/*. 

325

138

139

» Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 117

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20.......... ...

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

07

07

91

88

84

83

76

91

94

90

on

110

98

98

104

106

121

109

113

116

115

112

129

142

140

156

174

200

336

Nov.

478

J.O1

440

385

281

234

174

154

146

137

137

139

130

129

124

115

123

129

154

174

202

200

190

188

174

151

Dec.

146

184

205

219

200

174

174

174

137

1 Pift

155

160

110

125

IDA

140

130

115

120

120

125

130

130

115

115

130

115

90

78

Jan.

70

70

70

78

84

78

84

cu

98

110

110

115

130

i w

135

130

130

120

120 lift

135

130

120

120

110

110

100

100

100

Feb.

100

on

86

84

84

84

QA

on

on

OC

OS

on

84

105 14<;

240 9<in

200

260

QJ.A.

430

COA

560

580

COA

500

730

760

Mar.

7Ort

820

760

700

670

640

640

610

580

K*7{\

560

560

570

con

600

610

610

626

626

670

7<in

825

965

1,080

1,080

1,040

1,000

860

760

670

600

Apr.

715

745

790

825

790

745

685

640

612

KQA

570

CKft

*^ft

543

543

<&jl

612

626

612

598

570

584

640

670

670

612

556

517

4Q1

4Q1

May.

491

491

604

478

416

380

358

349

312

237

272

270

261

256

270

277

274

256

241

223

9/1Q

202

198

188

178

174

174

154

154

144

134

June.

124

123

146

135

139

130

153

168

146

156

158

174

192

200

198

178

158

147

146

137

124

205

358

428

392

320

243

188

160

146

July.

134

120

118

84

113

120

113

139

123

103

92

104

92

79

97

97

101

103

103

100

90

101

88

87

83

81

75

70

75

80

81

Aug.

80

84

76

69

87

90

79

77

81

81

68

92

94

79

83

83

74

75

76

79

74

71

71

71

63

59

55

60

70

70

65

Sept.

60

70

67

64

64

68

70

65

80

80

81

71

79

75

69

77

81

77

84

97

115

95

123

116

118

151

351

478

428

347

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 10 to Mar. 10; discharge for this period determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Pipe to gage well partly clogged Apr. 23 to June 2; gage heights determined 

by comparison with readings on inclined staff. Daily discharge June 26, July 6, 27-30, Aug. 28-31, and 

Sept. 1, 7-8, estimated by hydrograph comparisons with records in adjacent drainage basins.

Monthly discharge of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 186 square miles.]

Month.

February. ................. ...................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

336 

491 

219 

150 

760 

1,080 

825 

504 

428 

139 

94 

478

1,080

Minimum.

76 

115 

78 

70 

84 

560 

491 

134 

123 

70 

55 

60

55

Mean.

118 

198 

139 

109 

263 

723 

624 

275 

189 

98.3 

75.4 

127

244

Per 

square 

mile.

0.634 

1.06 

.747 

.586 

1.41 

3.89 

3.35 

1.48 

1.02 

.528 

.405 

.683

1.31

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.73 

1.18 

.86 

.68 

1.47 

4.48 

3.74 

1.71 

1.14 

.61 

.47 

.76

17.83
118 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

QUABOAG RIVER AT WEST BRIMFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At two-span highway bridge in Hampden County near West Brimfield 

station of Boston & Albany Railroad, one-third of a mile above mouth of Blodgett 

Mill Brook.

DRAINAGE AREA. 150 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 23, 1909, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder at downstream end of center pier 

of bridge, referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside of well; a vertical staff is used for auxiliary readings. Prior to August 19, 1912, a vertical 

staff on upstream side of right abutment of bridge, at same datum as present gage, 

was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading near bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed covered with boulders, gravel, and alluvial 

deposits. Slight shifts in control have occurred at infrequent intervals.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 3.59 feet at 11.30 a. m. March 14 and 10 a. m. March 22 (discharge, 

756 second-feet); a stage of 6.07 feet was recorded at 9 a. m. March 1, but the 

water was held back by an ice jam; minimum stage during year from waterstage recorder, 1.51 feet at 11.15 a. m. September 15 (discharge, 5.5 second-feet). 

1909-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 4.9 feet on March 1,1910 (discharge, 1,660 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.40 feet on September 17 and 18, 1910 

(discharge, 2.5 second-feet).

ICE. River freezes over and the stage-discharge relation is affected by the ice; the 

diurnal fluctuation in flow breaks up the ice and causes a variable backwater 

effect.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of power plants at West Warren, 3 miles 

above station, which at low stages causes a large variation in discharge on days 

when the mills are in operation and a low discharge on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. A slight change in stage-discharge relation occurred during the year. 

Rating curves well denned. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory except for short periods as shown in the footnote to daily-discharge table. Daily 

discharge ascertained by discharge integrator. Records good, except for periods 

affected by ice, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Nov. 9

30

Feb. 26

Made by 

H.W. Fear. ...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage

Feet.

2.28

03.12

Q3.36

03.70

"5.73

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

129

166

70

91

975

Date.

Mar. 15

July 7

Made by 

M. R. Stackpole........

A. N. Weeks...........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.26

62.46

2 17

2.19

Discharge.

Sec.jt. 

555

143

86

on

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. & Stage-discharge relation affected by debris.
CONNECTICUT EHTEB BASEST. 11$

discharge, in sedbnd-feet, of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., for the year 

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16......1 ........

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

73

58

56

60

68

50

50

77

67

62

62

59

64

69

92

80

72

70

80

66

56

90

72

on

144

126

91

120

116

190

250

Nov.

210

200

186

166

160

160

150

132

144

114

120

128

118

116

120

114

Ofi

85

104

100

110

114

146

100

100

100

85

80

75

Dec.

75

110

135

165

135

110

110

85

65

85

95

110

QI

65

55

65

75

85

85

75

75

55

50

85

50

75

95

75

85

75

65

Jan.

50

55

55

65

55

50

55

55

50

50

50

110

110

150

120

135

165

135

135

120

150

120

95

75

75

65

50

65

65

55

55

Feb.

55

55

50

55

65

65

55

50

75

75

55

55

50

65

95

235

165

150

150

420

660

530

365

275

235

530

760

500

Mar.

830

560

345

275

590

830

<MO

790

690

630

590

560

720

650

550

430

RAft

560

580

580

610

630

620

620

630

620

580

590

570

550

550

Apr.

640

520

600

510

470

460

450

400

390

385

380

405

380

370

355

345

335

355

330

320

345

415

395

385

365

355

340

325

300

290

May.

370

' 380

375

356

340

305

285

270

255

250

225

225

210

150

150

170

180

130

150

140

120

134

150

130

116

130

140

130

114

132

136

June.

100

98

104

77

76

91

102

100

102

114

110

136

182

172

160

154

148

128

114

100

100

225

220

182

164

144

130

118

110

106

July.

102

87

90

84

100

106

90

97

76

73

72

70

54

64

91

71

64

90

96

86

66

04

73

88

91

85

65

65

81

66

75

Aug.

87

79

63

74

SO

75

75

73

70

53

66

91

72

74

90

72

62

61

72

57

50

48

47

45

42

52

45

48

52

52

47

Sept.

45

50

48

46

46

48

52

50

55

55

45

47

55

44

20

61

46

53

60

70

85

70

83

on

84

114

198

152

140

142

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11 to Mar. 6; daily discharge for this period determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by debris from about June 1 to 

July 7; correction estimated from results of one discharge measurement. Daily discharge Nov. 26 to Dec. 

10, Aug. 22-31, and Sept. 1-10, 19-22, estimated by hydrograph comparisons with records in adjacent 

drainage basins.

Monthly discharge of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 150 square miles.]

Month.

Aprfl............ ..............................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Sept6Ti)ix*r -

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

250 

210 

165 

165 

760 

930 

540 

380 

225 

105 

91 

198

930

Minimum.

50 

75 

50 

50 

50 

275 

290 

114 

76 

54 

42 

20

20

Mean.

86.1 

125 

86.0 

85.2 

211 

606 

390 

205 

129 

81.0 

64.0 

71.8

178

Per 

square 

mile.

0.574 

.833 

.573 

.568 

1.41 

4.04 

2.60 

1.37 

.860 

.540 

.427 

.479

1.19

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.66 

.93 

.66 

.65 

1.47 

4.66 

2.90 

1.58 

.9fr 

.62 

.49 

.53

16.11
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAKT I.

WESTFIELD RIVER AT KNIGHTVILLE, MASS.

LOCATION. At single-span steel highway bridge known locally as Pitcher Bridget 

in Knightville, Hampshire County, 1 mile north of outlet of Norwich Lake and 

3 miles above confluence with Middle Branch of Westfield River.

DEAINAOE AEEA. 162 square miles.

RECOKBS AVAILABLE. August 26, 1909, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain attached to downstream side of highway bridge; read by J. A. Burr.

DISCHAEOE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists of boulders and ledge rock; control fairly 

permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum' open-water stage recorded during yeare 

4.61 feet at 6 p. m. April 2 (discharge, 1,880 second-feet); a stage of 6.5 feet was 

recorded at 4.30 p. m. February 20, but the water was held back by an ice jam; 

minimum stage recorded, 0.70 foot at 7 a. m. August 26 (discharge, 15 second-feet). 

1909-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 8.9 feet on March 27, 1913 

(discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 5,100 second-feet); a gage height of 

9.4 feet was recorded at 9.15 a. m. January 22, 1910, but channel was probably 

obstructed by ice at that time; minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot on August 

10, 1913 (discharge, 4 second-feet).

ICE. Ice usually forms in the river early in the winter and seriously affects the 

stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. Flow not seriously affected by regulation.

ACCURACY. The stage-discharge relation changed slightly during high water of April 

1-3; individual discharge measurements have at times appeared erratic, the 

rough and irregular channel causing difficulty in securing accurate discharge 

measurements. Rating curve fairly well defined below 2,500 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily 

gage height to rating table and making corrections for effect of ice during winter. 

Records good.

Discharge measurements of Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 22

Feb. 2

Mar. 1

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

o2.35

o2.65

05.90

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

83

52

984

Date.

Mar 16

July lib

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

03.60

1.16

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

369

50

' Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. & Results uncertain.
CONNECTICUT EIVER BASIN. 121

Daily discharge, in smmd-feet, of Westfield River At KnigUvitte, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30... ..........

31..............

Oct.

21

21

21

20

21

57

63

38

35

33

29

30

92

98

77

71

68

58

55

50

47

45

45

105

845

265

129

125

192

910

1,200

Nov.

435

285

215

167

152

143

123

119

117

113

109

105

96

91

87

94

94

92

85

81

91

345

200

115

94

94

94

87

87

Dec.

113

150

157

143

134

125

105

86

86

96

84

64

60

105

105

96

86

86

80

80

86

QA

80

86

80

70

56

56

70

80

64

Jan.

56

56

64

64

64

50

70

70

80

70

70

145

170

170

170

170

145

IdH

125

125

145

1OFi

125

145

125

105

105

105

86

64

64

Feb.

56

45

45

40

35

27

31

27

27

27

35

27

86

145

145

170

145

170

145

900

1,350

980

660

540

iwi

660

1,100

660

Mar.

600

540

540

440

490

660

600

540

540

600

540

490

490

390

350

300

520

1,050

1,200

1,350

1,690

1,690

1,600

1,280

1,280

1,120

845

780

8dK

980

1,200

Apr.

1,440

1,780

1,440

1,200

910

715

715

655

780

655

595

512

485

540

780

625

7QA

568

460

568

1,360

S45

780

540

435

390 <li\n

OOA

AQK

May.

512

655

485

350

310

292

275

240

225

202

370

310

225

1,050

485

OCA

275

225

205

153

199

163

148

210

275

188

130

136

163

June.

153

130

92

82

84

130

1 f\R

108

97

87

163

141

93

77

68

64

63

56

AQ

540

460

IRQ

10ft

109

84

68

48

OQ

July.

52

115

84

68

55

'49

60

50

44

100

45

50

61

85

139

92

67

106

79

67

59

AQ

40

38

34

32

27

25

Oft

42

4Q

Aug.

31

28

25

25

29

28

28

29

29

28

51

49

37

34

42

31

27

23

21

20

19

19

1Q

19

17

16

18

17

22

42

34

Sept.

49

52

36

28

24

21

20

20

28

24

23

23

27

35

35

34

25

29

64

82

175

146

92

67

59

512

910

258

158

113

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 7 to Mar. 20; discharge for this period determined 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Westjield River at Shightville, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 162 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

January .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

Aiigngt

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,200 

435 

157 

170 

1,350 

1,690 

1,780 

1.050 

540 

139 

51 

910

1,780

Minimum.

20 

81 

56 

50 

27 

300 

330 

130 

39 

27 

16 

20

16

Mean.

157 

139 

91.9 

106 

308 

824 

746 

296 

130 

61.0 

27.6 

106

248

Per 

square 

mile.

0.969 

.858 

.567 

.654 

1.90 

5.09 

4.60 

1.83 

.802 

.377 

.170 

.654

1.53

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.12 

.96 

.65 

.75 

1.98 

5.87 

5.13 

2.11 

.90 

.43 

.20 

.73

20.83
122 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

WESTFIELD RIVER NEAR WESTFEELD. MASS.

LOCATION. At Trap Rock crossing, 3 miles east of Westfield, Hampden County, 1 

mile below mouth of Big Brook, and 2 miles below mouth of Westfield Little River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 496 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 27, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank, referred to gage datum 

by means of a hook gage inside the well; an inclined staff gage is used for auxiliary 

readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with gravel and alluvial deposits. Riffle of 

boulders about 200 feet below gage forms control at low and medium stages; at 

high stages control is probably formed by crest of storage dam at Mittineaugue 

3 miles below the station.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

11.10 feet at 11 p. m. October 30 (discharge, 7,900 second-feet); minimum stage 

during year, from water-stage recorder, 3.18 feet at 9 p. m. August 24 (discharge, 

88 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 17.4 feet on August 4, 1915 (discharge, by 

extension of rating curve, about 17,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

3.02 feet on September 24, 1914 (discharge, 46 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for short periods during the winter.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted from Westfield Little River and carried to Springfield for municipal use.

REGULATION. Operating of several power plants above the station causes some 

diurnal fluctuation of flow; the nearest dam is at Westfield.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined below 7,500 second-feet. Operation of waterstage recorder satisfactory except for short periods as shown in the footnote to 

the daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by discharge integrator. 

Records good.

measurements of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Nov. 9

Jan. 7 

Feb. 1

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.18

3.75

o3.51 

3.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

461

285

153

275

Date.

Feb. 28 July 9

10

Made by 

O. W.HartweU........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6 99

3

Qf\

3.53

Discharge.

8ec:-ft. 

1 900

OOQ

190

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 123

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

g

10..............

11. .............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

1ft

19

20..............

01

99

23..............

24..............

OK

26..............

27..............

9ft

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

168

136

132

150

140

188

205

245

285

91ft

1QC

91ft

260

290

335

360

99ft

93*1

265

250

9 An

170

205

470

1,920

900

530

770

755

2,550

3,600

Nov.

1,480

970

820

610

<Mlfl

500

465

400

A.1 R

440

91 A

340

9.7ft

OCA

400

370

9QO

QAA

OKA

360

nAR

385

565

600

445

400

345

260

225

275

Dec.

410

430

330

385

385

305

01 A

99ft

315

OCA

9QO

250

OCA

250

315

OKA

230

9QA

9QA

9Qft

QAA

3nn

270

270

9Qfl

335

330

300

250

250

230

Jan.

210

210

220

225

99 c

220

210

9in

9QA

175

OQA

430

400

580

560

CQA

CAA

480 JCA

430

JQA

440

420

430

4.9ft

400

360

350

330

310

290

Feb,

250

290

280

250

97ft

97ft

250

OKA

OKA

9QA

9QA

09 c

265

280

450

560

WH\

620

560

2 OCA

4,050

2 *70/1

2,350

1,300

2,350

2,900

1 

' 900

Mar.

2,750

2,800

2,100

1,600

I

KAft

1,900

2

OArt

2

ftfiA

1,700

1 740

1,480

1

*>QA

1 460

l'700

1,480

I

OfiA

i °.ftft

1,980

2 IRA

3,000

3 QAA

4,650

4 450

3', 100

3,000

2,900

2,150

1,850

2 1 1ft

2,500

3,100

Apr.

3,850

4,900

3,750

3,100

2.400

2,000

1 7RA

1 500

1 500

1

QAA

1,480

1 9fift

1 200

1

9AA

2

ARA

1,700

1,520

i "M\

1,520

1 240

1,240

3

CAA

2,350

1,880

I RAA

1,100

1,020

Qfift

1,300

May.

1,500

1,800

1,350

1,000

QCA

fi7fi

Qfif\

QKA

780

670

790

760

720

1,910

1,760

1,120

Q7fi

73ft

610

620

530

570

600

550

A Rf\

470

900

600

420

440

480

June.

450

340

son

340

«)QA

280

340

610

ooc

370

300

OQA

660

13H

one

3fift

255

245

ooR

99 c

170

690

1,220

660 4on

395

320

285

240

230

July.

200

235

315

290

205

275

250

180

9 fin

250

220

91 <;

240

280

345

Alt

365

385

340

325

360

220

250

192

176

190

142

140

155

195

240

Aug.

160

150

145

140

166

200

OAK

176

160

160

230

91 <;

186

200

220

170

200

oin

190

132

126

122

120

110

130

130

124

134

156

132

Sept.

1Q9

148

174

205

184

180

180

164

1QO

160

150

IKQ

168

160

I CA

1*&

200

91 c

210

*>QK

i*Kn

620

475

345

300

1,350

1,700

900

600

440

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 7-14 and Feb. 5-7; corrections for these periods based 

on one discharge measurement and companson with records at Knightville. Water-stage recorder not 

operating satisfactorily Dec. 28-31; Jan. 1-5,16-31; Mar. 15-16, 28-30; Apr. 2-6, 29-30; May 1-6. 27-31; June 

1; July 29-31; Aug. 1-3; Sept. 26-30; and discharge estimated by hydrograph comparison with records at 

Knightville.

Monthly discharge of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

[Drainage area, 496 square miles.]

Month.

December. .............

March..................

April...................

May....................

July....................

Observed discharge (second-feet).

Maximum.

3,600 

1,480 

430 

580 

4,050 

4,650 

4,900 

1,910 

1,220 

415 

230 

1,700

4,900

MlTUTTHITiri .

132 

225 

220 

175 

230 

1,280 

960 

420 

170 

140 

110 

148

110

Mean.

534 

463 

296 

352 

1,000 

2,300 

1,920 

854 

397 

253 

162 

364

Diversion 

from Westfield Little 

River 

(millions of 

gallons).

397.9 

393.3 

398.2 

449.8 

411.6 

436.8 

400.8 

431.7 

423.0 

429.9 

429.1 

395.3

738 I 4,997.4

Total discharge 

(second-feet).

Mean.

554 

483 

316 

374 

1,020 

2,320 

1,940 

876 

419 

274 

183 

384

759

Per 

square 

mile.

1.12

.974 

.637 

.754 

2.06 

4.68 

3.91 

1.77 

.845 

.552 

.369 

.774

1.53

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.29 

1.09 

.73 

.87 

2.14 

5.40 

4.36 

2.04 

.94 

.64 

.43 

.86

20.79

NOTE. Effect of storage in Borden Brook reservoir not taken into account in computing the total 

discharge.
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

MIDDLE BRANCH OF WESTFIELD RIVER AT GOSS HEIGHTS, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in Goes Heights, Hampshire County, li miles above 

village of Huntington and half a mile above confluence of Middle and North 

branches of Westfield River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 53 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 14, 1910, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder on upstream side of bridge abutment on 

right bank, referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside of well; an 

inclined staff is used for auxiliary readings. Prior to September 8, 1912, a chain 

gage on upstream side of bridge was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with coarse gravel and boulders. A shift in 

control has occurred at various times.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 3.65 feet at 9 p. m. March 22 (discharge, 1,220 second-feet); a stage 

of 5.54 feet was recorded at 7 p. m. March 6, but the water was held back by an 

ice jam; minimum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 0.76 foot at 2 

a. m. August 18 (discharge, 4.8 second-feet).

1910-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 7.33 feet at 9 a. m., July 

8, 1915 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, 4,500 second-feet); a gage height 

of 7.7 feet was recorded February 26, 1916, but channel was obstructed by ice at 

that time; minimum stage recorded 0.70 foot on October 26-27, 1914 (discharge 

practically zero flow).

ICE. River usually frozen over during the greater part of the winter; ice jams occasionally form below the gage, causing several feet of backwater.

REGULATION. Flow somewhat affected at times by operation of small power plant 

about 2 miles above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation unchanged during the year except when affected 

by ice (December to March). Rating curve fairly well defined below 1,000 

second-feet. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean 

daily gage height determined by inspecting recorder graph, except for periods as 

noted in footnote to daily-discharge table. Open-water records good; winter 

records fair.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 

during the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Date.

Nov. 28

Dec. 22 Feb. 2

Made by 

H. W.Fear ...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

ol.09

«1 80

o2.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

19.6

27.4

18.4

Data

Mar. 16

Apr. 16

July 10

Made by 

M. R. Stackpole.......

O. W.Hartwell........

A. N. Weeks...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o3.19

1.81

.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

169

193

11.7

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 125

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5... ...........

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13.............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17........... .

18.............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

7.5

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

9.5

12

9.0

8.5

7.0

6.5

8.5

18

10

9

c

10

10

10

8

7

7

6

21

160

28

on

43

28

296

278

Nov.

81

48

38

34

26

24

22

20

19

20

20

18

18

1Q

18

16

17

17

16

14

14

20

35

32

28

24

in

1Q

19

18

Dec.

26

30

28

26

23

20

16

18

20

on

21

12

14

18

20

26

24

21

00

24

9S

24

18

on

24

14

16

14

11

8

Jan.

7

6

8

8

8

7

11

11

16

12

14

26

40

44

44

44

35

34

00

28

OK

Q9

qo

35

28

25

25

25

22

on

20

Feb.

10

18

18

14

11

8

11

8

6

8

11

6

18

V7

50

68

50

68

50

260

Q.AA

isn

130

80

220

480

180

Mar.

400

305

180

180

116

240

240

166

150

150

150

1QK

i^p;

86

240

400 fino

765

QQK

oee

455

455

360

240

OAfl

260

V7<\

455

Apr.

592

706

510

350

231

175

165

200

91 Q

132

109

Q1

165

189

165

193

148

112

482

450

OKft

189

1QQ

OS

OH

on

114

May.

231

186

126

112

90

86

QK

68

60

104

84

68

400

182

101

79

61

44

OQ

45

47

Q7

OQ

45

47

41

oo

OQ

Q A .

June.

33

26

20

18

17

17

29

32

23

1Q

17

35

44

27

on

17

14

13

19

10

10

70

40

26

on

17

15

16

16

July.

17

24

22

18

20

18

20

17

14

1 °.

10

11

17

on

28

on

on

22

20

18

16

141*>

11

11

11

11

11

11

14

16

Aug.

12

11

10

10

10

12

11

11

11

11

11

11

1010-

16

10

6.0

5.0

5.5

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

8.5

8.5

8.0

7.0

6.5

6.0

6.0

6.0

jept.

9.0

12

7.0

6.0

6.0

6.5

6.5

6.5

7.5

7.0

6.5

7.0

6.5

8.0

8.5

8.0

7.0

8.0

12

22

56

28

16

12

11

145

219

63

37

25

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Nov. 26 to Mar. 18; discharge for this period determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Operation of water-stage recorder not satisfactory Oct. 19-25, May 12-13, and 

July 19-23; daily discharge for these periods estimated by comparison with records at Knightville.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 53 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

January .......................................

March .........................................

May...........................................

July.............................:.............

September ....................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

296 '81 

30 

44 

620 

885 

705 

400 

132 

28 

16 

219

885

Minimum.

6 

14

8 

6 

6 

86 

90 

32 

10 

10 

5 

6

5

Mean.

34.7 

24.4 

19.7 

23.7 

105 

330 

230 

88.2 

26.8 

16.4 

8.87 

26.0

77.6

Per 

square 

mile.

0.655 

.460 

.372 

.447 

1.98 

6.23 

4.34 

1.66 

.506 

.309 

.167 

.491

1.46

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.76 

.51 

.43 

.52 

2.00 

7.18 

4.84 

1.91 

.56 

.38 

.19 

.55

19.87

WESTFIELD LITTLE RIVER NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At diversion dam of Springfield waterworks, in the town of Russell, 

Hampden County, 3 miles below the confluence of Pebble and Borden brooks) 

and about 3 miles west of Westfield. Originally (July, 1905, to December, 1909, 

a short distance below Borden Brook near Cobble Mountain.

DRAINAGE AREA. 43 square miles at original site; 48 square miles at present site, 

AVAILABLE. July 13, 1905, to September 30, 1918,
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. At the original site below Borden Brook (used 

1905-1909) the discharge was determined by methods commonly employed at 

current-meter gaging stations. From August, 1906, to September, 1907, a 30-foot 

weir was maintained a short distance below the gage. 1 Since March 1, 1910, 

high-water flow determined from continuous record of head on concrete diversion 

dam (crest length, 155.4 feet), for which coefficients have been deduced from 

experiments at Cornell University; low-water flow less than 163 second-feet 

determined from continuous record of head on a 12-foot sharp-crested weir without 

end contractions, the crest being 2.55 feet below that of the dam. Water diverted 

to city of Springfield is measured by a 54-inch Venturi meter, using continuous 

record chart. Daily record corrected for storage in a reservoir on Borden Brook 

about 5 miles above station, but owing to the time required for water to reach 

the dam and the natural storage along the stream the record as corrected does 

not represent exactly the natural flow of the stream at all times.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge for 24 hours recorded during year. 

641 second-feet, March 22; minimum discharge for 24 hours recorded, apparently 

zero from July 23 to 29, inclusive, when the water released from the reservoir 

was equal to or greater than the total flow at the diversion dam.

1909-1918: Maximum discharge for 24 hours, 1,490 second-feet, March 28, 1914; 

minimum discharge, apparently zero at various times when the water released 

from the reservoir was equal to or greater than the total flow at the diversion dam.

DIVERSIONS. Record of water diverted at station for municipal supply of Springfield included in records as published.

COOPERATION. Data collected and compiled under the direction of E. E. Lochridge, chief engineer, board of water commissioners, Springfield, Mass.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.... ..........

o

5..............

6..............

1. .............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

9.2

11.3

9.5

15.1

15.3

13.5

10.3

11

11.2

15.8

36.2

18

14.3

12.3

11.5

14.4

17.8

13.4

6.1

n

v

190

65.2

50.4

138

74.3

428

317

Nov.

150

84.9

58.6

51.1

42 7

38.6

34.7

31.1

30.3

26.4

24.9

24.9

22.2

22.2

21.8

20.2

21.6

20.4

18.7

20.3

20.9

O7

69.6

51.4

26.8

19.4

19

20.6

19.1

1Q 0

Dec.

22.6

27

26.6

26

24.3

23

18.7

28.5

19.6

20.9

18.9

17

29

19.2

21

49.6

31.1

28.6

29.8

31

32.2

21.1

91 9

20.9

20.3

30.3

19.2

17.5

16.3

17.7

Jan.

23.2

17.6

16.4

12 2

32.8

38

20.6

17.8

17.7

17.1

20.3

38.9

48.8

67.9

65.4

R9 f\

39 9

35.3

q7 E

Q5 1

33.4

30.8

30.5

qQ

35.6

OC Q

qq

qt Q

*>Q A

93

Feb.

22 1

91

20.5

31.3

19.9

29.8

52.7

69.9

oq a

19.6

30.2

35.1

67.1

92.4

82.9

76.5

61.5

65.6

456

295

185

134

140

314

319

91 <\

Mar.

54.9

35.3

45.4

15.9

33

32

21

20.3

13.1

15.7

18.7

20.8

15.5

12.1

15.6

20.4

26.1

35

52.7

64.1

48.9

34.2

25.6

25.7

19

1H 7

15.8

22.1

Apr.

248

279

307

278

173

148

109

111

122

153

127

113

99.2

142

185

147

124

137

125

105

218

310

216

141

121

109

90.9

80.6

75.6

87

May.

162

138

109

91.3

80.3

68.7

63.7

61

51

45-7

41.6

37

44.5

101

75.8

58.1

45.1

38.4

30.2

29.1

28.7

25.5

24.8

38.1

33

24.4

99 7

22.1

June.

21.2

18

15.8

15.3

29.9

53.8

44.9

24.4

20.2

17.2

66.6

76.9

34.1

23.6

17.2

15.3

10.2

12.4

18.5

111

70.9

29.3

18.9

16.1

12.4

12.7

15.9

July.

14.3

23.3

19.1

16.3

13.9

12.5

12-2

12.2

11.9

10.6

10.1

10

9.7

10

10.5

11ai

7.4

6.5

6.5

1.3

1.3

10.6

26.5

Aug.

8.6

5.9

8.9

9.8

16.2

15.6

14.5

9.1

8.6

13.3

28.2

14.8

9.6

14.7

15.6

15.1

13.2

8

9.4

8.6

9

9.4

8.7

9.2

9.1

8.2

8.7

8.5

9.9

9.4

14.2

Sept.

15.5

9.8

14.6

13.8

10.9

8.6

9.7

n

o

14.1

10.9

11.8

16.2

11.4

4

8.9

9.6

29.6

18

33.1

61.1

34.9

21.1

1ft 9

Id 0

165

201

85.8

46.9

34 4

NOTE. Discharge determined by subtracting from the total flow at the diversion dam the quantity 

of water apparently released from Borden Brook reservoir, or by adding the quantity of water apparently 

stored in the reservoir, as indicated by elevation of water surface in reservoir. As no allowance has been 

made for evaporation and seepage from the reservoir, theresults show the natural flow at the diversion 

dam only approximately. For days when no discharge records are given, the apparent storage release 

was equal to or greater than the total flow at the diversion dam:.

i Results obtained by weir and current-meter methods are compared in U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Papers 201, pp. 105-110, and 241, pp. 164-168.
CONITECTICUT BIVEE BASIS. 127

Monthly discharge of Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 4S.5 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

May.. ...................................... ...

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

428 

150 

49.6 

67.9 

456 

641 

310 

162 

111 

26.5 

28.2 

201

641

Minimum.

6.1 

18.7 

17.0 

12.2 

19.6 

121 

75.6 

22.1 

10.2

<a) 5.9 

4.0

(«)

Mean.

55.8 

35.6 

24.2 

33.1 

111 

271 

156 

57.9 

30.8 

8.82 

11.4 

31.9

68.7

Per 

square 

mile.

1.15 

.735 

.499 

.683 

2.29 

5.58 

3.22 

1.19 

.636 

.182 

.234 

.658

1.42

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.33

.820 

.575 

.787 

2.38 

6.44 

3.59 

1.38 

.710 

.210 

.270 

.734

19.23

a On certain days the apparent storage release from Borden Brook reservoir was equal to or greater than 

the total flow at the'diversion dam.

BORDEN BROOK NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At the outlet of Borden Brook reservoir in town of Granville, Hampden 

County, 2 miles above confluence of Borden and Pebble brooks, and 8 miles 

west of Westfield.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 8 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1910, to September 30, 1918.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow determined from a continuous record of the 

head on a 5-foot sharp-crested weir without end contractions. The results are 

then corrected for the apparent gain or loss in stored water in the reservoir, but no 

allowance is made for evaporation.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum 24-hour flow recorded during year, 309 secondfeet on March 4; minimum apparent flow, 0.0 second-foot at various times when 

the apparent storage release was equal to or greater than the measured flow at the 

weir.

1912-1918: Maximum 24-hour flow recorded, 309 second-foot on March 4, 1918; 

minimum apparent flow, 0.0 second-foot.

COOPERATION . Records furnished by the Board of Water Commissioners of Springfield 

through E. E. Lochridge, chief engineer.
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. ...................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6.....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

19

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

97

28....................................

9Q

30.................................... si..............................:.....

Dec.

1 9

9.3

10.8

OQ A

10.8

9.3

9.3

10.8

10.8

Q <*

Jan.

23.1

17.6

3 A

17.5

1.4

Q 9

in a

10.8

9.3

Feb.

in S

29.7

8.1

.7

10.8

9.3

10.8

20.1

20.1

9.3

10.8

9.3

10.8

29.4

41.8

30.9

Mar.

116

65.0

54.2

309

20.6

46.3

40.2

29.5

46.5

41.5

28.0

28.9

13.6

33.5

24.9

12.3

32.8

28.9

46.6

60.7

82.9

101

72.2

49.9

20.7

40.9

21.7

20-6

18.6

21.6

32.0

Apr.

43.9

44.6

45.4

31.1

20.4

31.0

6.4

12.8

12.8

15.0

16.2

15.0

13.9

16.3

20.4

19.8

17.9

17.9

17.9

16.7

51.4

38.6

38.9

31.0

14.5

17.3

16.2

13.9

12.2

12.8

May.

16.2

17.9

16.2

15.0

13.9

12.2

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.0

11.5

10.5

8.6

7.6

8.8

7.6

5.8

5.0

3.6

1.7

1.1

1.1

1.1

.9

.7

June.

i7.2

.2

.2

19.4

8.0

8.0

5.0

July.

1.9

1.4

NOTE. Discharge determined by subtracting from the quantity of water passing over the weir the quantity apparently released from the reservoir, or by adding the quantity apparently stored in the reservoir, 

as indicated by elevation of water surface in reservoir. As no allowance has been made for evaporation 

and seepage from the reservoir, the results show the natural flow at the outlet of the reservoir only approxi' 

mately. For days for which discharge isnot given, the quantity apparently released from storage was equal 

to or greater than the quantity passing over the weir.

Monthly discharge of Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass. ,for the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Month.

Februarv

March ........................................

April.........................................

May........................ ........ ...........

My.. .......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

29.4 

23.1 

41.8 

309 

51.4 

17.9 

19.4 

1.9

309

Minimum.

12.3 

6.4

Mean.

0.00 

.00 

3.58 

3.32 

9.38 

50.4 

22.7 

6.83 

1.93 

.11 

.00 

.00

8.20

Per 

square 

mile.

0.000 

.000 

.448 

.415 

1.17 

6.30 

2.84 

.854 

.241 

.014 

.000 

.000

1.02

Bun-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.00 

.00 

.52 

.48 

1.22 

7.26 

3.17 

.98 

.27 

.02 

.00 

.00

13.92
RIVER BASIN. 129

RIVER NEAR NEW BOSTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge a quarter of a mile below Clam River and 1 mile 

south of New Boston, Berkshire County.

DRAINAGE AKEA. 92.7 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 27, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on left bank, downstream side of 

bridge, referred to gage datum by a hook gage inside 1?he well; a vertical staff on 

bridge abutment is used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable or by wading.

CHANNE-L AND CONTROL. Channel rocky and filled with boulders. Control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from water-stage 

recorder, 5.54 feet at 10 p. m. March 22 (discharge, 1,010 second-feet); a stage 

of 8.9 feet was recorded at 4 p. m. February 20, but the water was held back by 

an ice jam; minimum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 2.47 feet at 

4 p. m. November 19 (discharge, 14 second-feet).

1913-1918: Maximum open-water stage from water-stage recorder, 7.64 feet on 

October 26,1913 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about3,200 second-feet); 

minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 2.22 feet on August 27,1913 (discharge, 

4.4 second-feet).

ICE River frozen over during greater part of winter; stage-discharge relation seriously affected. Ice jams occasionally form below the gage causing several feet 

of backwater.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Otis reservoir, about five miles above 

New Boston, and by operation of a woodworking shop just above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except wh'en affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined below 1,700 second-feet. Operation of waterstage recorder satisfactory except for short periods as shown in footnote to the 

daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table 

mean daily gage height determined by inspecting recorder graph and making 

corrections for effect of ice during winter. Open-water records good; winter 

records fair.

Discharge, measurements of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 6

Made by 

. do..................

Gage

Feet. 

a3. 96

13.40

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

18.3

24.3

Date.

Mar. 5

July 12

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.24

Discharge.

Scc.-ft.

218

84

"Stage-discharge relation aflected byiea. 

498° 21 WSP 471 9
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2.............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.:............

31..............

Oct.

77

76

75

77

84

99

91

85

82

78

76

78

105

90

84

80

80

75

74

77

70

62

46

68

162

84

66

106

86

286

395

Nov.

185

141

91

80

65

61

56

41

40

40

29

33

32

31

31

29

30

20

16

9<t

25

37

68

58

42

40

40

36

34

29

Dec.

44

60

54

49

44

40

40

44

40

36

26

26

OQ

32

36

40

44

40

40

36

9Q

22

16

14

10

11

14

11

9

Jan.

9

11

16

19

19

22

9O

29

on

36

49

60

77

90

84

71

65

65

60

60

60

40

40

36

36

32

25

10

16

16

Feb.

16

16

14

14

19

22

22

oo

11

9

9

9

44

54

49

98

90

71

49

210

285

335

300

240

160

710

500

270

Mar.

500

455

375

soo

240

210

270

395

500

500

430

356

337

302

238

238

254

320

500

625

840

770

600

550

455

337

286

269

302

375

Apr.

478

550

550

500

375

°S6

238

224

197

185

254

337

302

254

286

914

210

356

600

435

375

269

224

185

173

162

162

May.

254

OQO

185

162

131

131

131

199

106

oa

Ofi

102

395

254

185

141

105

76

74

68

71

78

75

71

116

oo

93

77

74

70

June.

53

4S

41

40

44

44

108

114

76

65

52

86

162

94

73

63

50

53

56

53

53

173

162

120

88

82

76

66

62

47

July.

61

76

71fid

62

73

98

99

87

86

85

82

80

94

100

59

54

60

54

60

100

102

102

1ft4

106

141

131

131

131

141

131

Aug.

71

71

70

71

100

76

71

70

65

80

173

141

122

105

122

99

59

44

53

66

93

93

96

107

107

116

141

116

100

98

118

Sept.

131

90

85

OK

84

81

77

77

76

74

75

90

131

131

131

122

122

118

oo

106

151

82

99

48

46

254

395

197

131

94

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by Ice Dec. 5 to Mar. 8: discharge for this period determined 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Operation of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory Mar. 11, May 5-7, 11-13,21-22, ana 

July 8-11; discharge estimated.

Monthly discharge of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 92.7 square miles.]

Month.

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

395 

185 

60 

90 

710 

840 

600 

395 

173 

141 

173 

395

840

Minimum.

46 

16 

9 

9 

9 

210 

162 

68 

40 

54 

44 

46

9

Mean.

99.2 

49.5 

31.1 

39.9 

131 

403 

305 

131 

76.8 

91.1 

94.0 

116

131

Per 

square 

mile.

1.07 

.534 

.335 

.430 

1.41 

4.35 

3.29 

1.41 

.829 

.983 

1.01 

1.25

1.41

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.23 

.60 

.39

.50 

1.47 

5.02 

3.67 

1.63 

.92 

1.13 

1.16 

1.40

19.12
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I. 131

HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN. 

HOUSATONIC RIVER NEAR GREAT BARRINGTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge, a quarter of a mile northeast of Van Deusenville

station of New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (Berkshire division) and

2 miles north of Great Barrington, Berkshire County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 280 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 17, 1913, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Inclined staff attached to concrete anchorages on downstream side of left

abutment of highway bridge; vertical high-water section attached to bridge

abutment; read by Martin Love. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of highway bridge or by

wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel. Control for high

stages is not well defined. At low stages control is at well-defined riffle a few

hundred feet below the gage. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year,

5.22 feet at 8 a. m. March 23 (discharge, 2,670 second-feet); minimum stage

recorded, 0.2 foot at 8 a. m. July 28 (discharge, 2 second-feet). 

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 8.0 feet on March 31, 1916 (discharge,

by extension of rating curve about 5,300 second-feet). Zero flow recorded at

various times caused by storage of water at dams above.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for short periods during the winter. 

REGULATION. Storage above dam of a paper mill about a mile above station causes

low flow on Sundays and holidays. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent during the year, except

as affected by ice for a few days in December and January. Rating curve well

defined below 2,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily.

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table.

Records good.

Discharge measurements of Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 3

Feb. 4

Made by 

.....do.................

4E.

Feet.

1.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

67

Date.

Mar. 2

July 13

Made byEl. W. Fear. ...........

A. N. Weeks...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.48

1 34

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,220

107

<* Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice.
132 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1........ ......

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13... ............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

Oct.

103

51

83

120

118

16

58

110

135

185

135

200

01

43

85

97

128

105

125

118

70

103

95

155

215

185

170

76

132

250

720

Nov.

780

512

335

O7A

97ft

oon

215

155

215

185

101

1Ofl

200

215

145

155

14

155

118

170

91 15

185

120

34

170

130

185

68

QC

Dec.

215

46

185

200

185

185

232

170

11

 mn

215

155

170

911

120

85

66

185

185

155

149

1/iH

29

130

130

270

170

170

115iQ

458

Jan.

155

185

155

74

64

81

Off

103

118

142

OCA

77

155

81

135

155

83

87

87

105

28

Q7

142

145

110

91

145

101

Q7

IA.%

Feb.

125

105

11

51

105

Q7 109

135

85

58

Q7

159

97

200

145

77

9«n

7CA

1,200

1,490

1 340

1 iiv

000

i iAn

1 490

l'270

Mar.

1,570

1,810

1,200

1,270

1,060

1,060

1,490

1,410

1,130

920

990

TQfl

Q<V\

920

885

815

600 1 nfin

1,060

1,200

1,970

2,130

9 ftAfi

2,050

1,970

1,810

1,490

1,270

990

1,060

1 ' 060

Apr.

1,340

1,570

1,810

1,810

1,410

1,200

885

920

990

1 ftfift

1,060

920

780

720

920

885

780

iw\

630

1,060

600

1,490

1,570

1,340

1,130

990

815

458

430

405

May.

720

720

720

600

335

540

512

660

512

430

 51 >

Q7

019

1,340

1,410

1,060

7On

1,410

458

380

485

430

458

48R

485

250 o-|9

458

430

170

ocn

June.

358

155

170

200

232

358

312

405

97

430

97n

335

335

430

250

105

97ft

290

9«n

170

9WI

250

105

335

Ol 0

405

358

OOE

200

8

July.

215

9115

232

77

95

232

132

250

250

215

185

1Qf|

108

28

Q7

155

ion

120

128

105

145

120

101

170

185

120

120

2.6

110

118

1>tf)

Aug.

200

140

155

18

215

130

120

89

97

101

48

130

108

93

232

335

91 1

13

43

155

185

155

142

125

24

56

58

77

118

145

89

Sept.

37

46

170

145

132

125

200

15

59

130

108

149

140

10

155

155

MK

120

125

f32

185

155

155

105

405

690 405"

512

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 26 to Jan. 10. Discharge for this period determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of one discharge measurement, observer's 

notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area; 280 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May... ...................... ..................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

720 

780 

458 

380 

1,490 

2,650 

1,810 

1,410 

430 

250 

335 

690

2,650

Minimum.

16 

14 

29 

21 

11 

600 

405 

97 

8 

2.6 

13 

15

2.6

Mean.

138 

198 

162 

118 

449 

1,310 

1,020 

572 

267 

143 

123 

173

389

Per 

square 

mile.

0.493 

.707 

.579 

.421 

1.60 

4.68 

3.64 

2.04 

.954 

.511 

439 

.618

1.39

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.57 

.79 

.67 

.49 

1.67 

5.40 

4.06 

2.35 

1.06 

.59 

.51 

.69

18.85
HOUSATONIC EIV1E BASI3ST. 133

HOTTSATON10 RIVER AT FALLS VILLAGE, CONN.

LOCATION. Hali a mile below power plant of Connecticut Power Co. at Falla Village, 

Litchfield County, and 23 miles north of Gaylordsville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 644 square miles.

KECORDS AVAILABLE. July 11,1912, to September 30,1918.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on left bank, referred to gage 

datum by hook gage inside the well; a vertical staff on river bank 25 feet upstream and chain gage 300 feet upstream are used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 150 feet above gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep and fairly uniform in cross-section; one 

channel at all times. Control not clearly defined except at low stages; probably 

permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE.- Maximum open-water stage during year, from water-stage 

recorder, 8.22 feet at 8 p. m. March 23 (discharge, 4,220 aecond-feet); a stage of 

9.60 feet was recorded at 11 p. m. February 26, but the water was held back by an 

ice jam; minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 0.56 foot at 7 a. m. September 11 (discharge, 21 second-feet).

1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 13.3 feet on March 29, 1914 (discharge, 

8,830 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, zero flow at various times owing 

to storage of water above power plant.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

KEGULATION. Flow at low water completely regulated by power plant at Falls 

Village.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected 

by ice. Eating curve well defined between 200 and 7,000 second-feet. Operation of the water-stage recorder satisfactory. Daily discharge ascertained by 

using discharge integrator, and making corrections for ice during the winter. 

Becords good.

Discharge measurements of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 5

Made by 

H.W.Fear... .........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«3.02

02.83

Discharge.

Sec.-jt. 

465

336

Date.

Mar. 4

July 13

Made by 

H. W. Fear............

A. N. Weeks.. .........

A

Feet. 

«8. 49

2.43

Discharge.

Sec.jt. 

2,760

S99

a Stage-discharge relation affected by tee.
134 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1........ ......

2.... ......... .

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. ........... ..

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

30..............

31..............

Oct.

240

182

182

184

200

198

150

230

200

170

210

315

290

178

275

215

260

192

220

265

75

210

230

290

600

370

350

250

570

700

570

Nov.

1,780

1,320

1,100

395

710

630

470

340

400

550

210

315

295

300

295

305

350

112

305

300

290

330

375

485

230

275

340

285

56

365

Dec.

610

540

670

560

455

415

340

310

285

Afift

df\f\

^in

340 ifin

380

360

Qflfl

^flA

340

350

290

270 ion

320

140

260

250

260

260

50

190

Jan.

60

140

220

230

170

25

240

220

210

200

ion

360

160

320

310

450

440

390

230

100

*>7A

180

250

250

91(1

340

200

330

san

260

300

Feb.

270

320

180

290

230

250

240

260

360

170

ii^n

300 f^n

460

800

1,150

700

1,050

850

1,600

9 7flfi

2,600

2,000

1,550

1,600

Mar.

3,100

3,400

3,200

2,600

2,000

1,950

2,300

2,200

2,600

3,300

3,10Q

2,650

2,450

2,650

2,600

2,300

2,000

2,150

2,300

2,600

3,160

3,800

4,100

3,900

3,500

3,100

2,750

2,350

2,000

1,900

1,850

Apr.

1,940

2,150

2,400

2,550

2,500

2,150

1,720 i flnn

1,480

1 A8ft

1,640

1,560

1,300

1,280

1,660

1,700

1,680 i firm

1,700

1,420

1 540

2^500

2,850

2,800

2,500

2,140 i 7sn

1,480

1,350

1,280

May,

1,540

1,640

1,660

1,340

1,220

1,340

1,160

1,100

1,000

990

820

480

960

1,300

2,250

2,150

1,700

1,300

1,060

1,220

890

850

860

890

890

510

i iin

1,000

940

510

1,020

June.

880

375

690

590

415

440

660

790

460

710

540

510

810

850

500

350

810

600

460

405

300

310 isfl

810

510

580

540

580

480

210

July.

300

310

325

215

390

420

57

410

570

420

325

320

250

51

235

280

315

260

265

210

80

240

225

270

270

320

265

96

184

240

240

Aug.

210

230

116

57

215

215.

215

255

192

178

46

230

230

240

240

.245

470

59

200

200

160

160

162

110

59

176

190

172

176

200

240

Sept.

285

350

200

192

260

196

230

29

166

162

160

225

196

142

186

198

192

220

275

405

870

290

425

495

370

680

1,580

1,780

1,280

1,080

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11 to Mar. 9; daily discharge for this period determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, weather records, and study of power plant records at Falls Village.

MonMy discharge of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 644 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May.. .........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

700 

1,780 

670 

450 

3,500 

4,100 

2,850 

2,250 

880 

570 

470 

1,780

4,100

Minimum.

75 

56 

50 

25 

150 

1,850 

1,280 

480 

210 

51 

46 

29

25

Mean.

277 

450 

347 

248 

1,080 

2,700 

1,860 

1,150 

555 

270 

189 

437

795

Per 

square 

mile.

0.430 

.700 

.539 

.385 

1.68 

4.19 

2.89 

1.79 

.862 

.419 

.293 

.679

1.23

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.50 

.78 

.62 

.44 

1.75 

4.83 

3.22 

2.06 

.96 

.48 

.34 

.76

16.74
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I, 135

HUDSON BIVBB BASIN.

HUDSON RIVER NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. T.

LOCATION. About 1 mile below mouth of Cedar River, 1£ miles above mouth of 

Indian River, and 6 miles northeast of Indian Lake village, Hamilton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 418 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 30, 1916, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley printing water-stage recorder on right bank; inspected by John A. 

Bolton.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 100 yards] below gage or by 

wading. !

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid ledge overlain with coarse gravel; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

8.08 feet at 6.30 a. m. May 19 (discharge, 8,960 second-feet); minimum stage, February 7 (discharge, 80 second-feet).

1916-1918: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 9.87 feet at 11 a. m. 

June 12, 1917 (discharge, 13,500 second-feet); minimum stagle from water-stage 

recorder 1.43 feet from 11 a. m. September 11 to 8 a. m. September 13, 1916 (discharge, 56 second-feet). !

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation due to logging operations during the spring 

months. Seasonal distribution ot flow slightly affected by storage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affedted by logs during 

October and November and by ice from December to Mar£h. Rating curve 

fairly well defined between 75 and 600 second-feet and well defined between 600 

and 6,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory. Daily

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except

when fluctuation required mean of hourly discharge. Recorcis good.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

31o

Feb. 27»

Mar. 22&

Apr. 3«

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

E. D. Burchard........

3. W. Moulton.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.52

2.90

3.07

4.84

4.97

6.37

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

175

111

133

851

1,070

4,910

Date.

Apr. 29«

30

30

21

July 14

Made by 

J. W. Moulton..

.....do..........

.....do..........

.....do..........[::::::

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4

QJ.

3 1 A

^ 91

2

00

2.78

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

1,830

Oft7

1,070

OCrt

338

696

a Measurement made through complete ice cover. 

6 Measurement made through partial ice cover. 

« Log Jam on the control.
136 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

309

416

379

319

366

565

595

595

565

506

449

368

477

535

595

660

800

730

628

695

875

912

800

730

875

950

912

1,030

1,110

2,290

4,710

Nov.

3,630

2,820

1,990

1,420

1,200

990

oon

838

568 490

595

924

595

355

901

582

683

506

506

595

QRO

344

320

280

280

260

240

240

Ofin

260

Dec.

260

280

280

280

260

240

240

220

200

200

200

ion

170

170

170

160

160

160

1 K.fl

150

i **f\

150

1CA

150

150

140

140

ion

-ion

ion

Jan.

130

130

130

120

120

120

110

140

120 i K.n

f QA

180

200

220

220

280

o on

OCfl

OCA

280

280

260

260

260

94ft

220

200

170

170

170

ion

Feb'.

100

AC

140

120

QA

80

85

on

100

120

150

200

OAA

240

240

240 OCA

3ftfl

340

QOA

110

CAA

KCA

CCA

600 OKA

oftft

Mar.

900

850

800

750

700

650

650

600

600

600

650

650

1,000

1 000 I'ooo

onn

900

onn

900

onn

Qcn

1,100

1 400

1 Qftn

2,200

2 400

2,400

2 OAA

2 onn

2 200

2,800

Apr.

3,000

3,800

5,000

4,800

4,400

3,430

3 AAA

2,800

2,800

2

fiAA

2 OQfl

1 7£O

1 RAf\

1 QQfl

0 fUfl

2 CAA

3 4Aft

3,200

2 400

i ruin

2

OAA

A (\C\f\

2 Ann

1,600

1,600

OKA

1,200

2,800

2,100

May.

4,730

2,920

4,050

3,170

1,450

1,810

2,930

2,400

2,850

2,870

1,520

2,280

2

Q7A

1,890

1 KKA

530

2

7KA

440

i Q^ft

QJ.1

1,260

280

1,240

346

<w*>

1,410

367

1,420

June.

295

1,350

686

1,320

445

1,140

884

1,190

1,530

3,730

1,280

1,270

1,540

1 640

1,400

890

ftftC

405

070

OEfi

341

OKI

378

367

315

295

285

OflK

July,

313

524

482

562

595

500

428

383

351

356

405

530

665

735

70 c

595

530

efin

446

399

oeo

315

276

017

229

211

191

171

160

247

Aug.

216

229

234

211

195

187

171

167

175

238

440

440

367

315

o CO

238

183

1W

146

142

1QC

128

132

125

122

115

109

102

105

Sept.

195

904

336

290

252

247

379

434

372

305

247

211

203

211

1QQ

224

280

361

688

772

735

810

772

700

770

735

1 060

1 9Qfl

1,290

i 9<m

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 23 to Apr. 4 estimated, because of ice, and discharge Apr. 18-30 estimated, because 

of logs on the control, from discharge measurements, weather records, study of recorder graph, and comparison with similar studies for Hudson River at North Creek.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 418 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,710 

3,630 

280 

280 

900 

2,800 

5,000 

4,730 

3,730 

735 

440 

1,290

5,000

Minimum.

309 

240 

130 

110

80 

600 

850 

280 

285 

160 

102 

195

80

Mean.

831 

779 

184 

195 

289 

1,210 

2,660 

1,820 

902 

408 

193 

528

834

Per 

square 

mile.

1.99 

1.86 

.440 

.467 

.691 

2.89 

6.36 

4.35 

2.16 

.976 

.462 

1.26

2.00

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.29 

2.08 

.51 

.54 

.72 

3.33 

7.10 

5.02 

2.41 

1.13 

.53 

1.41

27.07
HUDSON EIVEE BASIN. 137

HUDSON RIVER AT NORTH CREEK, N. 7.

LOCATION. At two-span steel highway bridge in village of North Creek, Warren 

County, immediately above mouth of North Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 804 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 21,1907, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain at upstream side of left span of the bridge; read by William Alexander.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the upstream side of the highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.65 feet at 6 p. m. 

April 3 (discharge, 11,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.25 feet at 8 a. m. July 

24 (discharge, 302 second-feet).

1907-1918: Maximum stage recorded 12.0 feet during the evening of March 

27, 1913 (discharge about 30,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.05 feet at 7.05 

a. m. September 30,1913 (discharge, 168 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. The numerous lakes and ponds in the basin of the upper Hudson 

have a decided effect on the low-water flow; especially the reservoir at Indian 

Lake. Many of the reservoirs are used to make flood waves in the spring in 

connection with log driving.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice from 

December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well defined between 250 and 

6,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Open-water records 

good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 16

286

Mar. 246

Made by 

J.W.Moulton. ........

J. W.Moulton. ........

.....do..................

Gage

height.

Feet. 

4.22

4.40

4.64

5 54

7.10

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

899

599

626

1,520

2,710

Date.

Apr. 4

May 2

July 13

Made by 

J.W.Moulton.........

J.W.Moulton.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.22

4.15

2.66

3.76

Discharge.'

Sec.-ft. 

6,880

2,460

588

1,770

i Measurement made through incomplete ice cover, & Measurement made through complete ice cover.
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21:.............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

990

1,100

1,100

1,100

990

890

840

790

790

700

745

790

940

940

890

940

990

1,040

890

990

1,220

1,220

1,100

1,100

1,420

1,620

1,550

1,690

1,760

2,870

7,400

Nov.

5,840

4,010

2,870

2,140

1,760

1.480

1,350

1,350

1 280

1,220

890

890

940

890

495

700

700

700

700

700

655

570

530

530

460

460

460

500

500

700

.

Dec.

750

750

800

800

750

700

700

650

650

650

950

1,100 i (V\n

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

800

700

700

700

750

750

800

800

750

750

700

Jan.

700

650

650

650

650

650

7W

800

750

800

ocfi

850

850

Qftfl

Qftfl

1 ftftft

1,000

1,000

1,000 QKf\

900

900

850

800

850

850

750

650

650

650

600

Feb.

^fUl

500

550

550

500

480

440

440

440

460

500

460

600

600

650

650

650

700

700

800

850

950

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,200

1,400

1,600

Mar.

1,400

1,400

1,500

.600

,600

,600

,000

,000

1,100

1,100

1,200

1,400

2,200

2,200

2,000

1,900

1,900

1,900

2,000

2,000

2,200

2,200

2,600

2,800

3,200

4,000

5,000

5,500

5,360

4,890

4,440

Apr.

4,890

7,400

10,000

7,680

6,600

4,890

4,890

4,440

4,890

4,440

4,010

3,230

2,870

2,530

2,700

3,230

4,440

5,360

4,890

4,890

4,010

3,230

8,520

5,600

4,220

4,440

2,060

1,620

3,230

4,890

May.

6,340

5,360

6,090

3,420

3,050

1,910

1,550

4,660

4,220

2,870

3,610

2,060

2 870

2 060

l'830

4,440

2 ISO

-1,350

1,760

940

700

700

790

990

655

570

790

700

1,160

790

2,210

June.

610

610

610

5,360

530

3,230

460

1,910

1,550

6,340

2,370

3,050

2,700

2,370

2,530

1,980

1,220

940

745

570

530

530

530

530

530

530

460

460

378

2,210

July.

404

610

570

745

790

700

610

530

530

530

610

745

1,840

1,620

1,620

1,040

940

890

745

610

610

530

330

319

700

790

655

700

700

790

890

Aug.

790

790

7Qfl

790

1,160

990

890

790

940

QQfl

1,100

1,100

990

990

890

840

890

790

890

990

990

890

940

940

890

890

890

890

890

840

840

Sept.

990

1,040

l.,100

940

790

790

890

990

1,100

990

990

940

890

890

700

530

570

610

990

1,100

1,100

990

990

890

890

940

1,620

1,760

1,690

1,480

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 26 to Mar. 28 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of recorder graph and comparison with similar studies for Hudson River near Indian Lake.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., for year ending Sept. 30,1918.

[Drainage area, 804 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,400 

5,840 

1,100 

1,000 

1,600 

5,500 

10,000 

6,340 

6,340 

1,840 

1,160 

1,760

10,000

Minimum.

700 

460 

650 

600 

440 

1,000 

1,620 

570 

378 

319 

790 

530

319

Mean.

1,340 

1,210 

821 

800 

734 

2,390 

4,670 

2,340 

1,550 

764 

912 

1,010

1,540

Per 

square 

mile.

1.67 

1.50 

1.02 

.995 

.913 

2.97 

5.81 

2.91 

1.92 

.950 

1.13 

1.26

1.92

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.91 

1.67 

1.18 

1.14 

.95 

3.42 

6.48 

3.36 

2.14 

1.10 

1.30 

1.41

26.06
RIVER BASIN. 139

HUDSON RIVER AT THTTRMAN, N. T.

LOCATION. At Delaware & Hudson Railroad bridge near Thurman railroad station, 

Warren County, half a mile below mouth of Schroon River, and 13 miles above' 

mouth of Sacandaga River.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 1,550 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 1, 1907, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain at upstream side near center of left span; read by S. H. Spencer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; fairly permanent. Logs occasionally 

lodge on a small island on the control.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.28 feet in the 

afternoon, April 23 (discharge, 14,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

2.4 feet in the morning, July 28 (discharge, 680 second-feet).

1907-1918: Maximum stage (determined by leveling from flood marks), 12.5 

feet during the late evening of March 27,1913 (discharge about 46,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 2.12 feet at 8.55 a. m. and 6.20p. m. September 30,1913 

(discharge about 290 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Discharge determined, 

from records at North Creek and Riverbank.

REGULATION. Discharge is regulated to some extent by the storage reservoirs at 

Indian Lake and Schroon Lake and the mills on Schroon River.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice during 

large part of the period from December to March, inclusive, and by logs during 

parts of June, July, and September. Rating curve well denned between 550 

and 20,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good; 

winter estimates fair.

COOPERATION. Gage heights furnished by the International Paper Co.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 16»

May 3

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

J. W. Moulton.........

Gage

Feet. 

5.16

5.41

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,570

8,050

Date.

July 12

Made by 

J.W. Moulton.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.14

2.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,560

985

a Measurement made through complete ice cover.
140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y'.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5... ........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21 ...........................

22...........................

23 ...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

97

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

O1

Oct.

1,460

1 Afift

1,550 i **sn

1,550

1,550

1,220

1 380

i rein

1)020

850

1,080

1,300

1 460

1*460

1,300

1,460

1,640

1,380

1,300

1 460

1*940

1,840

1,460

2,260

2,150

2,260

2,480

3,590

8,790

Nov.

7,760

6,170

4,420

4 140 i'lwn

3,200

2,960

2,840

2,480

i 7in

1,940

2,150

1 7M

1,740

1,940

2,040

1,940

1,640

1,640

1,740

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,300

1,080

1,020

905

1,640

2,150

Dec.

1,550

1,460

1,460

1 940

1^380

1,550

1,500

1 460

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,800

1,800

1 700

1,600

1,600

1,500

1,500

1 500

1,400

1,400

1,200

1,100

1,100

I'lOO

1,100

1 100

1,100

1 100

1,100

1,000

Apr.

11,400

12,100

14 100

14,100

12,500

11,000

10,600

9,500

9,860

9,860

8,790

7,430

7,430

7,100

M70

7,430

7,100

7,760

11,400

7,760

8,790

7,430

11,000

9,500

6,170

7,100

5,290

5,000

9,140

8,790

May.

6,780

7,430

6,780

6,470

5,000

4,710

3,860

5,580

4,710

5,290

5,290

5,870

4,710

6,470

8,100

5,580

4,140

3,860

3,590

3,460

3,330

2,840

2,480

2,260

3,860

1,550

1,940

2,260

4,140

2,150

5,000

June.

2,040

3,590

2,150

4,420

950

1,550

1,380

1,220

1,380

4,710

3,590

3,080

4 710

4,140

4,140

3,860

2,600

2 370

2,150

1,840

1,740

2 150

1,220

1,220

1,500

1,400

1,500

1,300

1,300

700

July.

850

1,300

1,500

950

1,100

1,100

950

950

850

850

850

800

1,700

2,200

2,200

1,700

1,300

1,300

1 200

1,200

1,000

850

800

750

850

1,220

1,020

680

1,220

1 220

1,380

Aug.

1,220

1,080

1,150

1,080

1,460

1,300

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,150

1,460

1,380

1,300

1,300

1,150

1,080

905

1,020

1,220

1,380

1,080

1,220

1,300

1,380

1,150

1,150

1,080

1,150

1,150

1,080

Sept.

1,380

1,480

1,380

1,380

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,550

1,380

1,300

1 300

1,220

1,460

2,150

850

905

1,220

1,300

1,550

2,040

1,740

1,550

1,550

1,380

1,550

2,800

2,600

2,400

2,200

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 9-31 estimated, because of ice, from one discharge measurement, weather 

records, and study of recorder graph. Determinations of discharge, June ^5 to July 24, and Sept. 27-30, 

somewhat uncertain because of logs on the control.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Thurman, N. T., for the year ending Sept. 30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,550 square miles.]

Month.

As»t.nhar

January .

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,790 

7,760 

1,940

14,100 

8,100 

4,710 

2,200 

1,460 

2,800

14,100

Minimum.

850 

905 

1,000

5,000 

1,550 

805 

680 

905 

850

Mean.

1,840 

2,410 

1,410 

1,160 

940 

3,620 

9,060 

4,500 

2,330 

1,160 

1,200 

1,530

2,600

Per 

square 

mile.

1.19 

1.55 

.910

.748 

.606 

2.34 

5.85 

2.90 

1.50 

.748 

.774 

.987

1.68

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.37 

1.73 

1.05 

.86 

.63 

2.70 

6.53 

3.34 

1.67 

.86 

.89 

1.10

22.73
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 141 

HUDSON RIVER AT SPIER FALLS, H. Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile below Spier Falls dam, Saratoga County, and 11^ miles below 

mouth of Sacandaga River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,800 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 7, 1912, to September, 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley 2-day water-stage recorder in a brick shelter 5 feet square on the right 

bank about half a mile below the Spier Falls dam. Recorder inspected by T. F. 

Malone, chief operator of power plant.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 1,000 feet downstream from the 

gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

12.16 feet at 8 a. m. April 4 (discharge, 34,500 second-feet); minimum stage from 

water-stage recorder, 0.93 foot at 7 a. m. September 1 (discharge, 140 second-feet). 

1912-1918: Maximum stage from water-stage recorder, 18.59 feet at 12.25 a. m. 

March 28,1913 (discharge about 89,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.12 foot 

at 4 p. m. September 23, 1917, observed during current-meter measurement (discharge, about 5.5 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice, except for a short time during 

extremely cold periods.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation in discharge due to the operation of the 

Spier Falls power plant. Seasonal flow affected by storage at Indian Lake and 

many small lakes and reservoirs in the upper part of the drainage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice February 2 to 16. Rating curve well defined for all stages except about 9 feet, where 

the rating curve may be 4 or 5 per cent large. Operation of the water-stage 

recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ascertained by averaging the results obtained by applying hourly gage heights to rating table. 

Records good.

COOPERATION. Water-stage recorder inspected by an employee of the Adirondack 

Electric Power Corporation.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1918.

Date.

Feb. 2»

Made by 

J.W. Moulton.... ........................................................

J.W. Moulton............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.84

2.85

4.67

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,150

1,400

4,990

Measurement made through complete ice cover. & Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.
142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. ......... 

2..........

3.......... 

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

10..........

11..........

12.......... 

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

23..........

25. .........

26.".........

27..........

28

on

<W1

01

Oct.

1,930 

1,780

1,470 

1,860

1,940

2,680

1,510

1,860

1,810

1,600

1,640

1,630 

2,030

1,940

3,250

2,920

2,990

3,020

2,630

2,760

2,280

4,080

3,270 

2,770

3,240

4,020

4,280

4,130

5,070

10,200

17 

' 200

Nov.

17,700 

15,200

12,600 

10,200

8,350

6,950

5,840

5,160

4,560

3,600

3,370

4,140 

3,350

2,980

2,880

3,040

2,910

2,160

3,280

2,520

2,450

2,260

3,270 

3,470

2,670

2,990

2,010

2,490

1,130

2,510

Dec.

3,160 

1,020

2,720 

1,960

2,220

2,090

2,310

2,110

610

1,530

1,580

1,780 

2,130

2,490

2,060

2,110

2,030

2,450

2,180

2,170

2,480

2,580

1,170 

1,990

1,820

1,870

2,290

1,980

2,070

1,140 3 nfin

Jan.

1,390 

1,820

1,480 

1,480

1,770

727

1,760

1,540

1,330

1,300

1,430

1,440 

1,700

1,460

1,310

1,920

1,840

1,780

1,690

1,050

1,890

1,790

1,730 

1,660

1,660

2,150

740

2,170 i win

1,820

1 480

Feb.

1,330 

2,000

1,240 

1,380

1,620

1,730

1,460

1,350

1,650

661

1,460

1,160 

1,430

1,380

1,730

1,660

1,490

1,850

1,790

2,400

2,900

3,150

3,810 

4,140

4,220

4,480

5,490

6,150

Mar.

5,780 

5,350

5,100 

4,860

4,750

4,900

4,340

3,770

3,130

3,090

3,860

2,850 

2,770

3,660

4,140

3,560

3,230

4,230

4,750

5,620

7,030

9,230

12,500 

13,500

15,200

16,200

15,700

14,800

15,100

16,700

18,300

Apr.

21,500 

22,900

31,400 

32,300

27,900

24,200

21,700

20,100

21,800

22,200

21,100

18,900 

16,700

14,800

14,000

14,300

15,200

17,200

20,100

19,000

17,200

18,200

19,400 

20,100

16,300

16,100

12,600

11,800

10,800

13,400

May.

13,500 

13,800

12,600 

13,200

11,400

8,780

7,830

8,320

9,600

10,200

10,200

8,660 

9,190

12,800

15,100

13,400

11,700

9,730

8,280

8,440

6,360

6,210

4,860 

5,100

3,870

4,310

4,040

4,610

4,230

4,440

5,200

June.

5,200 

3,800

4,570 

3,750

3,870

2,840

3,400

3,470

4,010

6,500

6,570

4,900 

6,700

6,990

6,460

5,720

4,680

3,930

3,550

3,170

2,840

2,420

1,830 

2,970

2,530

2,390

2,100

2,030

1,720

1,490

July.

1,810 

1,700

2,780 

1,590

1,260

1,510

1,510

1,910

1,480

-1,250

1,410

1,850 

2,080

2,690

3,690

2,880

2,470

2,410

2,730

2,240

1,400

1,690

1,480 

1,310

1,330

1,440

1,480

1,290

1,420

1,590

1,530

Aug.

1,480

1,S40

1,120 

1,390

1,530

1,490

1,670

1,430

1,590

1,060

1,600

1,710 

1,880

1,680

1,570

1,840

1,050

1,230

1,810

'1,450

1,380

1,430

1,440 

606

1,410

1,690

1,400

1,440

1,350

1,200

1,520

Sept.

9Q6

1,940

2,350 

1,790

1,690

1,650

1,560

922

1,980

2,060

1,700

1,430 

1,770

1,850

725

1,970

1,360

1,410

1,950

2,410

3,390

1,600

2,310 

2,340

2,230

2,620

5,410

6,100

5,350

4,650

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Feb. 15 estimated, because of ice, by comparison with discharge computed 

from power-house records.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y, ,for the year ending Sept. SO,1918.

[Drainage area, 2,800 square miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,200 

17,700 

3,160 

2,170 

6,150 

18,300 

32,300 

15,100 

6,990 

3,690 

1,880 

6,100

32,300

Minimum.

1,470 

1,130 

610 

727 

661 

2,770 

10,800 

3,870 

1,490 

1,250 

606 

725

606

Mean.

3,350 

4,870 

2,040 

1,580 

2,320 

7,680 

19,100 

8,710 

3,880 

1,850 

1,450 

2,310

4,920

Per 

square 

mile.

L20 

1.74 

.729 

.564 

.829 

2.74 

6.82 

3.11 

1.39 

.661 

.518 

.825

1.76

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.38 

1.94 

.84 

.65 

.86 

3.16 

7.61 

3.59 

1.55 

.76 

.60 

.92

23.86
HUDSON RIVEB BASIN. 143

HUDSON RIVER AT MECHANICVILLE, W. Y. '

LOCATION. At Duncan dam of West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co. in Mechanicville, 

Saratoga County, 3,700 feet above mouth of Anthony Kill, 1J miles below mouth 

of Hoosic River, and 19 miles above mouth of Mohawk River at Cohoes.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1888 to 1918.

GAGE. Water-stage recorder at the dam, installed in 1910; previous to that date

COMPUTATIONS OF DISCHARGE. Discharge over spillway determined from a rating 

curve based on United States Geological Survey coefficients for dams of ogee 

section; discharge through turbines computed from records of their operation; 

discharge at lock and through Barge canal turbines at lock computed from 

records of the number of lockages per day.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 35,500 secondfeet April 3; minimum daily discharge, 576 second-feet, Sunday, January 20.

1888-1918: Maximum discharge recorded, 120,000 second-feet at 6 a. m. March 

28, 1913. 1 The plant is occasionally shut down and the flow of the river stored 

in the pond so that the discharge below the station becomes practically zero.

DIVERSIONS. Water diverted above this station into the Champlain canal. N> 

correction made for this diversion. During 1915 a Barge canal lock, through 

the Duncan dam, was completed and put into operation. Water used at thj 

lock is included in the record.

COOPERATION. Discharge over the spillway and through turbines of the West Virgini i 

Pulp & Paper Co. furnished by Mr. W. J. Barnes, engineer of the company.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1. .......

2........

3........

4........

5........

6........

7........

8........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13........

14........

15........

16........

17........

18........

19........

20........

21........

22........ 

23........

24........

25........

26........

27........ 

28........

29........ 

30........

31........

Oct.

1,190

1,430

1 750

2,120

2,010

2,020

1,640

2,440

1,940

1,980

1,600

1,530

1,980

1 570

2,740

3,490

3,280

3,390

3,440

3,340

2,310

3,320 

4.300

3,590

3,770

4,440

4,650 

4,790

5,310 

12,000

20,100

Nov.

19,800

16,800

14,300

11,300

10,200

8,600

7,580

6,460

6,120

5,270

2,800

4,910

4,750

4,520

4,020

3,760

3,720

3,160

3,710

3,870

3.580

3,760 

3,920

5,440

4,450

4,680

4,090 

2,940

2,700 

2,600

Dec.

3,720

4,170

3,000

3,840

3,250

3,180

3,040

2,840

2,500

2,250

1,900

1,880

1,950

2,040

2,480

2,670

2,830

2,480

2,520

2,710

2,810

2,850 

2,080

3,120

2,220

2,700

2.360 

2,170

2,000 

1,350

1,790

Jan.

1,870

1,870

1,830

1,810

1,810

1,160

1,610

1,600

1,610

1,620

1,540

1 500

795

1,400

1,220

1,420

1,130

606

606

576

741

1,760 

1,940

2,050

2,010

1,720

1,140 

1,250

1,900 

1,480

1,110

Feb.

1,620

1,060

638

685

638

584

1,340

1,850

1,780

587

614

1,050

749

2,520

4,080

4,210

1,200

3,570

5,840

22,400

9,610

7,230 

6,960

6,350

7,830

16,000

11,300 

9,950

........

Mar.

8,370

7,430

8,050

6,840

6,040

6,980

6,510

5,390

5,680

6,150

5,940

5,250

5,820

6,640

6,190

5,740

8,150

9,920

11.700

14,200

16,400

18,600 

20,900

21,100

22,700

22,500

20,600 

19,100

19,000 

20,600

22,400

Apr.

25,800

30,600

35,500

35,200

30,800

26,500

23,200

22,500

,24,300

25,200

23,900

21,200

9,200

17,800

16,900

16,000-

17,200

18,800

20,500

20,900

19,500

23,200 

22,400

24,200

19,600

17,500

15,600 

14,100

12,700 

14,400

May.

15,000

17,800

14,800

15,000

13,400

11,200

9,7(»

9,500

10,600

11,400

11,100

10,700

11,300

15,200

16,900

15,800

13,700

11^700

9,450

11,200

8,430

8,070 

6,710

6 710

5,480

5,560

6,200 

6.450

5,990

5,750

6,090

June.

7,070

5,510

5,960

4,540

4,750

4,280

4,060

5,050

5,720

5,660

7,320

6,060

6,670

7,140

6,590

5,490

5,320

5,130

4,770

4,020

3,300

4 070 

3,380

3,940

4,790

4,130

3,980 

3,100

2,820 

1,600

July.

2,330

2,650

2,460

1,460

3,020

2,290

1,430

1,990

2,990

2,580

2,090

1,820

2,250

1,710

3,930

4,140

3,640

3,790

3,400

3,120

1,830

2,240 

2,16(0

1 770

1,350

1,260

1,230 

810

1,720 

2,170

1,920

Aug.

1,640

1,350

1,740

687

1,220

1,670

1,650

1,52Q

1,410

1,420

1,160

1,200

2,040

2,010

1,940

1,710

1,680

988

1,190

1,670

1,670

1,650 

1,630

1,600

788

1,040

1,300 

1,470

1,520 

1,630

1,460

sept.

63

1,05

2,60

2,52

2 11

2,17

1,791

1,19

119

1 74

2,141

1,89

2,041

1 58 i,oa

1,361

2,181

2.J39I

1,78

1,781

3,361

3,291 

2,701

3,121

2,691

5,231

12,101 

9,74(

8,97( 

7,80(

1 Highest known flood prior to this time occurred in April, 1869, calculated discharge, 70.000seeond-feet 

See U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 65, p. 51, and report of U. S. Board of Engineers 01 

Deep Waterways, Part I, pp. 377-388.
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 4,500 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

February. .....................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August. . ......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

20,100 

19,800 

4,170 

2,050 

22,400 

22,700 

35,500 

17,800 

7,320 

4,140 

2,040 

12,100

35,500

Minimum.

1,190

2,600 

1,350 

576 

584 

5,250 

12,700 

5,480 

1,600 

810 

587 

631

576

Mean.

3,660 

6,130 

2,600 

1,440 

4,720 

12,000 

21,800 

10,500 

4,870 

2,310 

1 4-70 

3,130

6,210

Per 

square 

mile.

0.813 

1.36 

.578 

.320 

1.05 

2.67 

4.84 

2.33 

1.08 

.513 

.327 

.696

1.38

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.94 

1.52 

.67 

.37 

1.09 

3.08 

5.40 

2.69 

1.20 

.59 

.38 

-78

18.71

INDIAN LAKE RESERVOIR AT INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the masonry storage dam at outlet of Indian Lake, 2 miles south of 

Indian Lake village, Hamilton County and 1\ miles above confluence of Indian 

Rivef with the Hudson.

DRAINAGE AREA. 131 square miles, including about 9.3 square miles of water surface of Indian Lake at the elevation of crest of spillway (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Records of stage and gate openings from July, 1900, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Elevation of water surface in reservoir is determined by chain gage on the 

crest of the dam near the gate house. Gage installed November 17,1911, to replace 

staff gage previously maintained at the same point. Mean elevation of crest of 

spillway is at gage height 33.38 feet. Widths of sluice gate openings determined 

by gage scales at sides of gate stems inside gate house. Gages read by Lester 

Savarie.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum elevation of water surface in reservoir, 34.2 feet 

July 16, 17, and 18; minimum elevation, 5.15 feet February 25-26.

1900-1918: Maximum elevation recorded, 38.8 feet March 28, 1913; minimum 

elevation, 2.0 feet March 9 to 18, 1907, and January 3 to 17, 1910.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the discharge is completely regulated by the operation of the sluice gates. Water is held in storage until needed to supplement the 

 flow of the upper Hudson during the low-water period. This storage capacity of 

about 4.7 billion cubic feet provides for a discharge of about 600 second-feet for 

a period of 90 days. For record of discharge see Indian River near Indian Lake, 

N. Y., pages 146-147.
HUDSON" EIVEE BASIN. 145

Daily gage height, in feet, of Indian Lake reservoir at Indian Lake, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

OQ

30..............

31..............

Oct.

17.95

17.65

17^5

17.1

16.95

17.0

17.05

17.1

17.15

n i^

17.1

17.1

17.15

17.3

17.45

17.6

17.7

17.8

17.9

18.0

18.2

18.3

18.45

18.5

18.85

19.0

19.15

19.35

19.55

20.35

21.25

Nov.

21.8

22.1

22.3

22.5

22.66

22.75

22.85

22.9

23.05

23.15

23.2

23.25

23.3

23.35

23.4

23.4

23.45

23.5

23.55

23.65

23.75

23.85

23.95

24.0

24.05

24.05

24.05

24.05

23.9

23.75

Dec.

23.65

23.6

23.55

23.5

23.45

23.35

23.25

23.15

23.05

22.9

22.7

22.45

22.2

21.95

21.65

21.3

20.9

20.55

20.2

19.9

19.65

19.4

19.2

19.0

18.8

18.5

18.2

17.9

17.6

17.3

17.0

Jan.

16.7

16.4

16.15

15.9

15.65

15.4

15.15

14.9

14.65

14.4

14.1

13.85

13.65

13.45

13.25

13.05

12.65

12.45

12.25

12.05

11.85

11.6

11.4

11.2

11.0

10.85

10.65

10.45

10.25

10.0

9.75

Feb.

9.5

9.25

9.0

8.75

8.5

8.25

8.0

7.7

7.5

7.3

7.1

6.9

6.7

6.5

6.3

6.1

5 g

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.25

5.2

5.15

5.15

5.5

5.9

Mar.

6.2

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.35

6.6

6 9

7 y

7.5

7 8

8.1

8.05

8.0

7 QI?

7 a

7.85

7 S

7.75

7.9

8.2

8.5

8.7

8.85

9 if;

9.6

10.0

10.4

10.7

11.0

11.3

11.55

Apr.

12.15

13.3

14.55

15.45

16.0

16.55

16.95

17.45

18.1

18.7

19.1

19.5

19.8

20.05

20.3

20.75

21.4

22.2

22.9

23.4

23.75

24.55

25.15

25.55

25.8

26.05

26.2

27.0

27.45

May.

27.85

28.25

28.55

28.85

29.05

29.1

.29.3

29.55

29.85

30.05

30.3

30.55

30.8

31.2

31.5

31.7

31.9

32.05

32.15

32.25

32.4

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.85

32.9

33.0

33.1

33.2

33.3

33.4

Junfe.

33.5

33.6

33.65

33.65

33.65

33.85

34.0

34.0

34.0

34.0

34.0

33.8

33.75

33.65

33.6

33.6

33.65

33.6

33.55

33.5

33.5

33.5

33.5

33.5

33.55

33.55

33.5

33.6

33.6

33.6

July.

33.65

33.65

33.65

33.7

33.7

33.75

33.8

33.85

33.9

33.95

34.0

34.05

34.1

34.1

34.15

34.2

34.2

34.2

34.15

34.15

34.1

34.0

34.0

33.9

33.6

33.5

33.35

33.05

32.85

32.5

32.35

Aug.

32.2

32.0

31.75

31.4

31.1

30.8

30.55

30.3

30.0

29.85

29.55

29.25

29.0

28.75

28.55

28.25

28.0

27.65

27.25

26.85

26.45

26.1

25.65

25.2

24.9

24.45

24.05

23.3

23.0

22.75

Sept.

22.5

22.15

21.8

21.6

21.45

21.2

21.0

20.7

20.35

20.0

19.7

19.4

1Q 1

18.85

18.75

18.65

Is «

18.5

18.55

18.55

18.65

18.75

18.8

1ft ftfi

IS Q

19.05

19.35

19 5

10 7

19.85

Gate openings, in inches, at Indian Lake reservoir at Indian Lake for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

FromDate. Hour.

To 

Date. Hour.

Sluice 

gate A 

open.

Sluice 

gateB 

open.

Sept. 12.............

Sept. 15.............

Oct. 10..............

Nov.28.............

Dec. 11..............

Dec. 25..............

Mar.3...............

Mar.3...............

Mar.ll..............

Mar.ll..............

Apr.20..............

Apr.21..............

Apr.23..............

Apr.24..............

Apr.26..............

May5...............

July 24..............

July 25..............

July 27..............

Aug. 18..............

Sept.7..............

6a.m... 

5p.m... 

5p.m... 

6 p.m.... 

6 a.in... 

6a.m... 

7a.m... 

7a.m... 

5 p. m... 

5p.m... 

1 p.m... 

9p.m... 

7a.m... 

3p.m... 

10p.m.. 

1 p.m... 

7p.m... 

9a.m... 

6p.m... 

5p.m... 

7a.m... 

5p.m...

Oct. 5... 

Oct. 6... 

Oct. 13.. 

Dec. 21.. 

Feb. 27.. 

Feb. 27.. 

Mar. 5... 

Mar. 5... 

Mar. 19.. 

Mar. 19.. 

Apr. 20.. 

Apr.21.. 

Apr.21.. 

Apr.23.. 

Apr. 26.. 

Apr. 27.. 

May 6... 

July 25.. 

July 27.. 

Sept. 14. 

Sept. 3.. 

Sept. 20.

6a.m... 

4p.m... 

3p.m... 

6a.m... 

7a.m... 

7a.m... 

6p.m .. 

6p.m... 

1 p.m... 

1 p.m.... 

9p.m... 

7a.m...

I p.m...

II p.m.. 

5a.m... 

11 a.m.. 

7p.m... 

6p.m... 

5p.m... 

4 p.m... 

11 a.m.. 

6p.m...

Inches.

"""&}' 

60 

60

Inches. 

48

48

48 

~4&

54

30

54

NOTE The main logway was open 15 feet during the following periods: June 10, 7 a. m. to 10 a. m.; 

June 12. 7a.m. to 6 p.m.; June 13.10a.m. to 2 p. m.; June 14, 9a.m. to6p.m.; June 15,2p.m.to6 

p. m. It was also open 1 foot in width from 7 p. m. Aug. 3 to 7 a. m. Aug. 18.

498° 21 WSP471- -10
146 , SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I. 

INDIAN RIVER NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. Three-fourths of a mile below State dam at the outlet of Indian Lake, 

'.. miles south of Indian Lake village, Hamilton County, 1 mile above mouth of Big 

Brook, and 6J miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 132 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1,1912, to June 30,1914; June 5,1915, to September 30, 

1918; also miscellaneous measurements in 1911.

GAGE. Gurley repeating-hydrograph water-stage recorder; installed August 30,1916, 

in a standard wooden shelter on the right bank about three-fourths mile below 

the dam, at same datum as staff gage previously used. The staff gage is still in 

place and is used for checking the recorder. Recorder inspected by Lester 

Savarie.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading at the head of the 

rapids about 150 feet below the gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 4.85 feet at 

4 a. m. June 12 (discharge, 1,450 second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage 

recorder, 0.07 foot at 12 p. m. September 30 (discharge, about 0.7 second-foot). 

1900-1918: Maximum stage recorded; 7.8 feet March 28, 1913 (discharge, 3.460 

second-feet); minimum stage that of September 30, 1918.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The gage is at the side of a pool about 500 feet wide, called 

the ''lower frog pond." The reef of coarse gravel at the outlet of this pool forms 

the control and is permanent.

WINTER FLOW. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Discharge at this station is regulated by the operation of gates at the 

dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice. Rating curve 

well defined between 15 and 1,500 second-feet. Daily discharge for days on 

which no changes were made in the sluice gate openings at Indian Lake dam 

ascertained by applying to rating table; mean daily gage height determined by 

inspecting recorder graph; discharge for days on which gate openings are changed 

is mean of 24 hourly determinations.

Discharge measurements of Indian River at Indian Lake, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

July 15«

Made by 

3. W. Moulton. ...........................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.51

1.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

86.8

91.3

Logs on the control.
HUDSON RIVER, BASIN. 147

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

28..............

27..............

28..............

29

30

Tl

Oct.

623

603

603

603

603

150

4

2

2

39

200

20o

149

4

2

2

2

1

1

2

2

2

1

2

4

2

2

3

3

15

7

Nov.

4

3

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

64

281

281

Dec.

278

278

275

272

272

270

270

270

270

270

592

725

725

725

725

725

725

725

725

704

544

436

436

436

570

623

623

623

600

600

600

Jan.

600

600

600

600

550

550

545

645

545

526

526

526

500

500

500

480

480

 480

480

480

460

460

460

440

440

440

420

420

420

400

400

Feb.

402

388

368

363

3o6

363

347

338

325

319

313

307

304

301

298

298

295

292

289

286

284

284

280

280

280

280

88

4

Mar.

4

3

203

338

265

4

3

3

3

3

75

313

313

310

307

316

310

307

159

11

11

9

9

6

5

5

3

2

3

47

130

Apr.

8

9 6

4

3

2

, 2

2

5

4

3

2

2

4

4

3

3

2

2

115

155

7

93

24

278

178

160

7

7

7

May.

9

10

10

10

65

292

258

18

13

13

13

12

14

16

15

15

15

16

16

18

19

19

18

17

19

22

22

22

22

23

24

June.

24

25

26

26

27

31

54

67

74

499

152

874

428

795

568

110

100

95

95

90

90

90

90

90

90

173

18

14

13

12

July.

18

28

30

36

40

40

42

40

46

50

60

75

85

90

90

90

100

95

90

100

90

85

80

448

670

363

405

584

584

564

564

Aug.

564

564

575

623

623

623

623

623

603

603

603

584

603

603

584

584

584

668

832

810

810

788

788

767

767

.767

746

746

725

725

746

Sept726

725

599

453

453

453

473

684

684

664

664"

664

643

433

220

217

217

214

212

187

6

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 29 to Jan. 6, and Jan. 13 to 31 estimated, for lack of gage-height record, from 

study of recorder graph and examination of record of operation of gates at Indian Lake dam. Discharge 

June 16 to July 25 estimated, because of logs on the control, from discharge measurements and study of 

recorder graph.

Monthly discharge of Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 132 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet.

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September.....................................

The year...... ..........................

Maximum.

623

281

725

600

402

338

278

292

874

584

832

725

874

Minimum.

1

1

270

400

4

2

2

9

12

18

564

1

1

Mean.

124

22.4

513

496

297

113

36.7

34.7

161

,180

673

320

248

Per 

square 

mile.

0.939

.170

3.89

3.76

2.25

.856

.278

.263

1.22

1.36

5.10

2.42

1.88

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.08

1Q

4.48

4.34

2.34

.99

.31

.30

1.36

1.57

5.88

2.70

25.54

Knn-off
148 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

SCHROON RIVER AT MVERBANK, N. T.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge near Riverbank post office, Warren County, 

near Tumblehead Falls, 9 miles below Schroon Lake, and 9 miles above Warrensburg.

DRAINAGE AREA. 534 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 2, 1907, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain, on upstream side of bridge; read by J. H. Roberts.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the upstream side of bridge;

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; occasionally shifting. Loga become lodged on the 

control for a portion of nearly every year.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.25 feet at 9 a. m. 

and 4 p. m. April 4 (discharge, 5,820 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.16 

feet at 4 p. m. October 10 (discharge, 89 second-feet).

1907-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 10.7 feet at 5 p. m. March 28, 1913 (discharge about 13,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.85 foot at 5 p. m. 

October 17, 1909 (discharge about 28 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Schroon and Brant lakes.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent during year, except as 

affected by ice for a large part of the period from December to March and by logs 

on the control for a short period in May and June. Rating curve well defined 

between 150 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Openchannel records good; other records fair.

Discharge measurements of Schroon River at Riverbarik, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 80, 1918.

Date.

286

25«

Apr. 1«

Made by 

J.W. Moulton. ........

J.W.Moulton. ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.08

2.41

2.34

2.86

4.35

6.02

Discharge.

Secjt. <MU.

257

207 W4

1,380

3,040

Date.

May 3

July 12

12

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.07

4.52

3.86

1.54

1.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,660

2,050

1,090

179

180

o Measurement made through incomplete ice cover. 

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover, 

c Oage height affected by logs on the control.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 149

Daily discharge, in second-foet, ofSchroon River at Riverbank, N.. Y.,far the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

248

216

901

201

201

216

201

125

93

89

-\4K

216

OQ1

298

298

298

298

316

298

264

232

248

216

216

248

232

264

490

216

Nov.

1,060

1,290

1 -200

1^210

t,210

1,130

1,060

1 '990 060

Q9A

fififl

800

800

860

860

QOA

ftfifi

800

800

"74.fi;

690 71 a

745

fifi9

635

610

685

^fin

535

512

Dec.

EOE

535 .lion

512

4Ofl

468

468

460

440

44fi

420

420

dfifi

inn

400

4nn

QOA

QOA

360 tfifi

340

14f»

320

320

320

320

320

300

«mn

300

280

Jan.

280

280

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

240

240

94A

260

260

260

OftA

9fift

260

260

260

9 fin

240

94.A

240

220

OOA

200

200

200

9 fin

Feb.

200

200

190

190

200

190

300

200

200

9 fin

ion

186

Iftft

ion

180

170 i (>n

150

150

160

170 ion

200

99A

240

260

OCA

280

Mar.

300

320

840

340

360

380

400

420

440

480

500

550 >;'tf»

600

600

600

550

600

650

800

800

800

900

1,100

1,400

1,600

1 900

2*200

2,400

2 4<V>

2,600

Apr.

3,000

3,600

&»QO»

5,750

5,570

4,950

4,320

4,170

4,020

3,880

3,740

3,470

3 91 A

9 Qfifi

2,840

2,840

2 960

3' 080

3,080

3,080

2,840

2,840

2,840

2,840

2,840

2,600

2,370

2,150

1,740

i ftift

May.

2,040

2,150

2,640

1,940

1,S50

1,640

1,600

1,600

1,700

1,600

t iSnn

1,500

1,700

2 000

2,200

9 9DO

9 win

2,000

1,«X)

1 600

1,500

1,300

1,000

1 9OO

850

800

800

750

750

750

800

June.

800

800

1,100

750 -650

600

600

900

600

1,200

"850

500

400

1,«00

1,000

460

1,000

1,100

1,-100

920

920

990

407

407

535

535

512

535

298

153

July.

585

156

130

130

135

140

158

140

132

168

167

172

172

186

232

232

264

298

-298

264

264

264

264

248

248

232

216

216

232

232

216

Aug.

201

201

201

186

186

172

172

158

156

148

186

186

186

186

201

186

186

158

169

153

148

145

153

153

142

142

idn

145

140

142

132

Sept.

186

172

158

156

158

153

158

186

158

150

167

164

172

172

169

167

4 on

662

560

232

201

186

369

369

369

407

298

351

351

369

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 8 to Apr. 3 estimated, because of ice, and discharge May 7 to June 19 estimated, 

because of logs, from discharge measurements, weather records, study of recorder graph, and comparison 

with similar studies for Hudson] River at North Creek.

Monthly discharge of Sob/roam River at Riverbank, N. Y.,f&r the yew ending Sept. 30,1918.

[Drainage area,-534 square miles.]

Month.

October. ...................... _ ............

November. ...................................

March.........................!....,..........

April ..........................................

May .

June...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

MaicJT""?"-

490 

1,290 

535 

280 

280 

2,600 

5,750 

2,200 

1,200 

585 

201 

662

5,750

Minimum.

89 

512 

280 

200 

150 

300 

1,740 

750 

153 

130 

132 

153

89

Mean.

241 

862 

394 

246 

196 

899 

3,350 

1,510 

724 

219 

166 

262

755

Per 

square 

mile.

0.451 

1.62 

.738 

.461 

.367 

1.68 

6.28 

2.83 

1.35 

.410 

.311 

.492

1.41

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.52 

1.81 

.85 

.53 

.38 

1.94 

7.01 

3.26 

1.51 

.47 

.36 

.55

19.19

SACANDAGA RJVEB HEAR HOPE, XT. 7.

LOCATION. About 1$ miles below junction of East and West brandies, 3£ miles above

Hope post office, Hamilton County, and 12 miles above Nortkville. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 494 square miles (measured on topographic maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15,1911, to September 30,1918.
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

GAOE. Staff in two sections, the lower inclined, the upper vertical; read by Melvin

Willis. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 100 feet below the gage or by

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rocky; probably permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.7 feet at 5.55

p. m. October 30 (discharge, 8,490 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.28

feet at 6.30 p. m. August 28 and 7.20 a. m. August 29 (discharge, 37 second-feet). 

1911-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 10.0 feet at 5.30 p. m. March 27, 1913

(discharge, 24,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.17 feet at 7.55 a. m.

September 30, 1913 (discharge about 20 second-feet). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

ACCURACY. Stage:discharge relation permanent; affected by ice for a large part

of the period December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well defined between

60 and 10,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Open-water

records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

29»

30o

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .................. . ...............................

J. W. Moulton....... .....................................................

.....do...................................................................

Gage

height.

Feet. 

2.62

2.70

2.72

Discharge.

Sec.-)t. 

203

203

201

o Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

202

164

147

230

400

525

410

370

335

310

<MU

380

910

780

820

1,010

1.010

960

1.010

1,330

1,160

910

820

910

1,560

1,560

1.330

1 Q4ft

1.810

1,810

5,790

Nov.

3,540

2,740

2,230

1,810

1,440

1,220

1.110

1,010

910

820

700

625

558

525

495

495

495

465

443

421

410

380

1Rf\

340

320

oofl

300

OCA

280

260

Dec.

240

240

OOA

240

220

220

220

220

220

220

94A

240

260

260

260

OAfi

260 940

240

260

rtftfl

260

260

240

240

OOA

99O,

OOfl

9.m

200

200

Jan.

200

200

1QA

190

180

180

180

200

990

260

280

OOA

280

240

94fl

240

260

260

260

240

240

240

220

OOA

200

oon

200

OAA

200

Feb.

200

200 9 An

200

200

200

onn

9ftO

9AA

99A

240

260

qofl

400

500 700

850

1 000

l)lOO

1 300

l!300

1 300

l)220

1,220

1 440

1J440

1 440 '

Mar.

1,330

1,220

1,160

1.010

820

910

910

820

740

700

660

740

780

Q1A

820

Q9A

865

Q1A

1,110

1 440

2

'<iftn

2,740

2

QQA

2,930

2 740

2 OAA

2,230

2 230

3 1QA

3 Am

Apr.

4,480

5,790

7,530

6,350

5,250

3,760

3,540

4,480

6,070

5 7Qft

3 QQft

4.230

2

OQA

2,230

2,740

3,330

4

OQA

5,250

4 QQA

3,760

3

QOA

3,130

3,330

3 OOA

3,130

2 7AH

2,560

2,560

2 KAft

2,740

May.

2,740

2,740

2

QQA

2,930

2

Kftf\

2,080

1,810

1,810

1,680

1 *Mf\

1,680

1 Plftft

4 OQ.A

5,520

3 OQA

3,130

2 «tn

2,080

1 (%Aft

1,330

1,220

1,160

1,110

1,110

1,010

1,010

910

820

tan

820

740

June.

660

660

590

590

558

525

oin

1,110

1 010

1,010

Q9A

oin

1,110

1,160

QOA

780

660

<Mft

465

400

355

454

465

44°.

375

340

315

OQO

255

238

Jnly.

310

320

273

255

230

217

991

213

213

ooft

273

273

255

400

365

350

330

305

"J71

255

230

213

1QQ

Iftl

141

116

116

108

122

128

Aug.

114

106

101

89

81

83

73

161

141

IOQ

122

111

89

83

75

71

68

61

CQ

56

co

48

45

in

aft

39

48

45

Sept.

590

335

175

111

111

202

154

141

132

128

164

1QO

 too

213

205

175

242

230

230

qi A

040

360

330

310

01A

OQO

CM K.

335

350

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 22 to Feb. 23 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather records, study of recorder graph, and comparison with similar studies for Saoanoaga River near Hadley.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 151

Monthly discharge qfS< 'a River near Hope, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 494 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

February. .....................................

March. . .......................................

AprO..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August. ............. . . . . . . ...........

September... . .................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5.790 

3,540 

260 

320 

1,440 

3,540 

7,530 

5,520 

1,160 

400 

161 

590

7,530

Minimum.

147 

260 

200 

180 

200 

660 

2,230 

740 

238 

108 

38 

111

38

Mean.

1,010 

843 

235 

226 

652 

1,500 

3,990 

1,970 

634 

235 

78.9 

244

065

Per 

square 

mile.

2.06 

1.71 

.476 

.457 

1.32 

3.04 

8.08

L28

.476 

.160 

.494

1.95

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.38 

1.91 

.55 

.53 

1.38 

3.50 

9.02 

4.60 

1.43 

.55 

.18 

.55

26.58

SACANDAGA RIVER AT HADLEY, N. Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile west of railroad station at Hadley, Saratoga County, 1 mile 

above mouth of river, and 4J miles below site of proposed storage dam at Conklingville.

DRAINAGE ABEA. 1,060 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1911, to September 30, 1918. September 13, ]907, 

to December 31,1910, at upper bridge station; September 24,1909, to midsummer 

of 1911 at lower bridge station.

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder in a concrete shelter on the left bank, about onehalf mile west of railroad station at Hadley; installed January 6, 1916, replacing 

a Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder. Recorder inspected by J. F. Kelly.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 30 feet above the gage, or by 

wading under the cable or about three-fourths of a mile above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Very rough, but permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

8.8 feet from 1 to 4 a. m. April 4 (discharge, 13,900 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 2.36 feet at 10 p. m. August 28 (discharge, 92 secondfeet).

1911-1918: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 12.36 feet from 11 a. m. 

till noon March 28, 1913 (discharge, from 35,500 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 2.25 feet all day September 15, 1913 (discharge about 

61 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; affected by ice during a large part 

of period from December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well defined between 150 and 20,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory 

throughout the year. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to the rating 

table mean daily gage height determined by inspecting recorder graph. Openwater records excellent; winter records fair.
152 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y:,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

DGC II*1

9Qh

Mar. la

ga

21<*

Made by 

J.W.Moulton. ........

J.W.Moulton. ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.63

3.61

8.52

5.48

5.72

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

486

410

437

3,750

1,850

3,190

Date.

Apr. 2

25

26

July 11

11

Made by 

.....do..................

J.W.Moulton.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.82

6.91

6.74

3.29

3.31

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

10,200

7^00

6,630

607

599

a Incomplete ice cover or ice jam on control. Complete ice cover on control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

218

250

268

278

334

608

730

668

552

506

474

443

594

1,150

1,080

1,290

1,480

1,230

1,110

1,160

1,650

1,530

1,270

1,170

1,480

2,110

2,110

1 QW)

2 fiflft

4,440

6,550

Nov.

7,430

7,130

6,140

5,080

4,100

3,250

2 finn

2,110

1,660

1,520

1,380

1,240

1,130

1,020

956

901

882

847

795

778

730

750

750

750

7KA

650

600

560

KftA

lift

Dec.

420

AAn

AKf)

480

Afif)

440

460

440

460

44ft

550 f;*ai

CEA

600

600

600

600

550

ecn

ecn

K.Kf\

9Kt\

.550

KtV\

480

480

AQf\

480

460

440

Jan.

420

420

420

400

380

300

9fifl

240

240

260 tftf\

320

qon

400

qfiA

420

44n

480

500

440

400

400

400

440

460

440

440

420

420

Feb.

420

440

420

44n

420

A0(\

420

380

360

400

600

800

800

1,000

1,300

1 600

2 nnn

2 4/V)

2 Ann

2,600

2 600

2 dCX\

2 400

2

ont\

3

Af)f\

3

ont\

Mar.

3,800

3,800

2,800

2,200

1,800

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,800

1 onO

2,000

1,600

1,500

1,700

i onfi

2,000

1,600

1,700

2 (¥Vt

2 400

0 OAft

4 400 5*. 730

6 980

7*740

7 74fl

7 430

7*740

7

4qn

7,740

7,740

Apr.

8,700

10 400

12,600

13,500

11,500

9,710

8

7AA

8,050

8 7AO.

9 370

9 710

S,700

7,430

6,410

5,730

5,730

6 97fl

6 980

7 740

7*740

7,430

7

oon

7,430

7 430

6 980

6,550

5,860

5,210

4,700

4,580

May.

4,580

4,580

4,460

4,460

4,340

4,100

3,660

3,350

2,960

2,780

2,960

2,870

3,060

4,700

5,860

6,000

5,470

4,700

3,880

2,780

2,430

2,110

1,880

1,600

1,520

1,600

1,770

1,720

1,650

2,030

June.

1,800

1,620

1,330

1,100

986

947

1,040

1,780

1,740

1,560

1,760

1 QVl

2,780

2 Q7fl

2,600

2,110

1,650

1,340

1,100

Q1Q

7S7

821

1 ftQft

1,200

i 14ft

976

821

622

559

July.

539

601

714

637

552

506

461

486

455

461

552

615

660

74A

QQfi

i non

QfiA

956

976

847

706

601

4CW

436

119

dfll

355

297

oco

263

250

Aug.

250

250

232

222

210

201

184

263

323 0-17

307 009

273

245

ooo

218

ISO

176

161

140

146

138

135

124

118

101

101

107

121

Sept.

214

631

545

383

292

283

on.7

SSQ

344

288

252

234

227

263

344

366

334

328

449

KRR

683

TO*

7Qi;

683

630

1 040

2

0Af\

3 |en

2 £OH

2,190

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 22 to Mar. 22 estimated, because of ice. from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of graph, and comparison with similar studies for Sacandaga River near Hope.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 153

Monthly discharge of Saeandaga River near Hadley, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 1,060 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,550 

7,430 

600 

500 

3,800 

7,740 

13,500 

6,000 

2,870 

1,090 

323 

3,150

13,500

Minimum.

218 

440 

420 

240 

360 

1,500 

4,580 

1,520 

559 

250 

101 

214

101

Mean.

1,330 

1,910 

504 

382 

1,360 

3,720 

7,900 

3,330 

1,390 

591 

200 

751

1,940

Per 

square 

mile.

1.25 

1.80 

.475 

.360 

1.28 

3.51 

7.45 

3.14 

1.31 

.558 

.189 

.708

1.83

Btm-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.44 

2.01 

.55 

.42 

1.33 

4.05 

8.31 

3.62 

1.46 

.64 

.22 

.79

24.84

HOOSIC RIVER NEAR EAGLE BRIDGE, IT. Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile below Walloomsac River and 1£ miles above Owl Boll and 

Eagle Bridge, Rensselaer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 512 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 13,1910, to September 30,1918. September 25, 1903, 

to December 31, 1908, at Buskirk, 4 miles below present station.

GAGE. Chain gage on the left bank near the farmhouse of James Russell, about 1$ 

miles above Eagle Bridge, installed September 4, 1918. From August 17, 1914, 

to September 3, 1918, an inclined staff gage on the left bank about 50 feet above 

the chain gage. From August 13, 1910, to August 16, 1914, chain gage on the 

left bank about 450 feet above the present chain gago. Gage read by Mrs. Viola 

Davis, Mrs. Volney Russell, and Mrs. J. E. Sherman.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable half a mile below gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.8 feet at 5 

p. m. February 15 (discharge about 11,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

2.1 feet at 7.30 a. m. September 8 (discharge about 40 seeond-feet).

1910-1918: Maximum stage not recorded, as gage used prior to August 17,1914, 

could not be reached at high stages; minimum stage recorded, 6.1 feet at 5 p. m. 

September 14,1913 (discharge practically zero).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage on Walloomsac River and at Hoosick Falls 

about 2 miles above gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent between dates of shifting; 

affected by ice during a large part of the period December to March, inclusive. 

Rating curve well defined between 75 and 7,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table. Records good except for periods of low water when 

semidaily gage heights may not indicate the true mean, and those for periods 

when the stage-discharge relation is affected by ice, which are fair.
154 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PAKT I.

Discharge measurements ofHoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., during the year erding

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

28«

Apr. 1

May 20

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 3 80

4.10

4.68

6 19

6.08

A KA

Discharge.

See.-jt. 

201

1QQ

2

QQA

2,630

1 

' 040

Date.

May 20

19

19

Made by 

J. W. Moulton.. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

A KO

3.14

3.21

Q O1

62.86

62.85

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. i run

288

288

904

181

178

<» Measurement made under complete ice cover. & Observed on chain gage installed this day;

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. T., for the year

'ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

IR

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..... .........

10

31..............

Oct.

133

162

130

159

182

152

200

193

152

179

133

268

216

248

182

260

208

200

248

280

280

280

204

220

370

470

260

302

470

325

3,330

Nov.

1,390

940

860

555

645

498

370

420

395

302

348

420

325

325

325

280

348

248

348

280

260

325

498

420

280

445

470

101

280

302

Dec.

445

370

498

370

280

348

445

370

272

440

440

360

380

280

OAA

420

420

420

340

IQfl

340

170

ton

200

190

180

eyAf\

130

65

130

Jan.

130

110

100

Q1

110

220

280

280

r)Af\

99fi

ion

260

300

OO f\

240

OAA

140

200

240

9fif>

onn

220

280

ne

240

190

Oftfl

180

Feb.

200

200

65

130

220

120

110

100

170

70

160

200

460

600 7 nfwi

4,400

2,200

1,700

2

OftA

9 000

3,870

2 inn

1,990

1 QQft

1,470

7,070

2,570 1 oon

Mar.

1.770

1,570

1,470

1,020

1,020

2,570 i oon

1,100

870

835

ecc

800

2 100

l'770

1,370

980

1,570

1,570

2 qqn

2 con

3,450

4 450

4

1 en

2 fton

3

CQA

2

OQfi

1,770

1 OQA

1 ^7fi

1,670

2,100

Apr.

2,810

4,300

4,150

2,690

1,990

1,570

1,670

1,880

2,210

2,450

1,570

1,280

1,280

1,670

1,770

1,770

2

oqn

i stoA

1,470

1,570

3

TQA

2 fiQ(1

2 450

1^880

1,570

1,280

1 190

l'l90

l'l90 '

May.

1,670

2,100

1,570

1,280

1,100

870

835

765

765

1,470

980

940

905

3,590

2,450

1,770

1,280

1,100 Q4ji

1,020

765

835

300

610

Aift

730

730

640

555 EQrt

528

June.

450

428

450

340

302

320

500

582

428

500

340

450

640

582

475

34/1

405

268

268

250

250

AKfi

1,020

905

582

450

475

W)

268

170

July.

340

320

360

208

302

250

285

250

250

340

302

340

217

99fi

285

320

noe

235

185

1QQ

170

170

132

145

1Af\

86

110

130

130

Aug.

155

132

108

88

82

142

110

132

168

199

1<tfl

145

149

140

130

128

120

72

on

t<x>

140

too

' Q1

70

92

104.

1OR

100

130

110

Sept.

320

268

188

185

136

150

112

65

97

108

116

82

124

85

68

110

128

130

190

208

555

405

285

360

1,770

3,190

1,370

800

730

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10 to Feb. 20 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, and study of recorder graph. Discharge Sept. 4 to 30 determined from gage heights observed on 

new chain gage.
HUDSON EIVEE BASIN. 155

Monthly discharge of Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. F.,/or the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 512 square miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The year..... ...........................

Discharge in second-feet.

'M'fl.iHiTTjyfyi .

3,330 

1,390 

498 

320 

9,000 

4,450 

4,300 

3,590 

1,020 

428 

199 

3,190

9,000

MlniTniiTn130

248 

65 

95 

65 

555 

1,190 

528 

170 

86 

70 

65

65

Mean.

336 

443 

313 

205 

1,870 

1,900 

2,050 

1,120 

440 

235 

121 

432

779

Per 

square 

mile.

0.656 

.866 

.611 

.400 

3.65 

3.71 

4.00 

2.19 

.859 

.459 

.236 

.844

1.52

Kun-ofE 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.76 

.97 

.70 

.46 

3.80 

4.28 

4.46 

2.52 

.96 

.53 

.27 

.94

20.65

MOHAWK RIVER AT VISCHER FERRY DAM, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Vischer Ferry dam of Barge canal (Lock No. 7), 1 mile above Stony 

Creek and Vischer Ferry, 7 miles below Schenectady, Schenectady County, and 

11 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,430 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 24, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-gage recorder (showing head on crest of spillway) in the southerly corner of the basin near upper end of Barge canal lock, installed August 18, 

1916. Inclined staff gage at foot of an old bridge abutment about 100 feet above 

Vischer Ferry, read June 24 to December 16, 1913, and May 24 to June 2, 1914; 

staff gage in masonry of outer lock wall, just above upper gates, read March 30 to 

May 23, 1914, and March 30 to August 17, 1916. Datum of staff gage 12.1 feet 

lower than that of recorder. Gurley water-stage recorder in the northerly (out 

, stream) corner of the basin, used December 17,1913, to March 29,1914, and May 

24, 1914, to February 23, 1916. This gage was destroyed by ice April 2, 1916, 

and the record from February 24 to April 2 was lost with it. Water-stage recorder 

inspected by engineers from the Albany office of the United States Geological 

Survey; staff gage read by lock tenders.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading below the dam at low water during 

1913-14. During the spring of 1915 the Crescent dam (next downstream) was 

closed, making further measurement impossible. No provision for measurements 

at medium and high stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The control is the crest of the spillway.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

4.00 feet at 7 a. m. October 31 (discharge, 50,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 0.29 foot at 6.45 p. m. October 14 (discharge, 670 secondfeet).

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 7.6 feet just before noon March 28, 1914, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge estimated by New York State 

engineer about 140,000 second-feet). This stage lasted but a few momenta and 

was caused by the breaking of an ice jam near Schenectady. Minimum stage 

from water-stage recorder 0.18 foot from 4 a. m. to 5 a. m. and 4 p. m. to 6 p. m. 

October 31,1914 (discharge about 290 second-feet).
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

DIVERSIONS. Water was diverted into Erie canal at temporary lock in north end of 

dam prior to December, 1914. Measurements of this diversion were made at 

bridge 48, about a mile downstream, but no allowance for the diversion was made 

in computing the flow.

Barge canal lock fto. 7 at the south end of dam was put in operation May 15, 

1915. The following tables of discharge include the flow over the spillway and 

through the lock and water wheels.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; probably not affected 

by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined by discharge measurements between 

350 and 2,500 second-feet; above 2,500eecond-feet, based on theoretic coefficients. 

Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory during periods of record. Daily 

discharge determined by use of discharge integrator. Records good for periods 

of low water when the water-stage recorder was in operation; fair for other periods.

COOPERATION. Recorder inspected by an employee of the State superintendent of 

public works.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5................... 

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12................... 

13...................

14...................

15...................

16................... 

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21................... 

22...................

23...................

24................... 

25...................

26...................

27...................

28................... 

29................... 

30...................

31...................

Oct.

1,200

1,740

1,570

1,740

2,390 

2,670

2.800

1,720

1,810

2,130

2,340 

1,910 

2,680

2 AM)

3,410

6,380 

4,310

4,120 

3,290

6,830

8,070 

6,490

4 480

5*870 

10,200

8,880

6,520

7,120 

8,980 

23,200

43,900

Nov.

23,900

14,900

9,830

7,280

5,740 

5,120

5,020

5,270

4,470

3,750

3,920 

3,740 

3,770

3 620

3,410

3,310

2,870

3,220

3,100 

3,230

3 7Qfi

8 840

6*680 

4,820

2,820

2,470

3,690 

2,340 

2,650

Dec.

3,930

4,810

5,570

4,860

 I:

......

........

........

........

........

........

........

Mar.

........

........

"20,"466"

22,100 

26,000

Ofi "TOft

36,000

29,500 

22,300

19,300

H ann

11,100 

11,000 

13,400

14,900

Apr.

15,800

18,200

18,900

15,700

12,500 

10,500

9,790

9,680

15,000

19,600

15,800 

13,200 

11,400

19 *UY)

16,700

14,600 

13,600

16,700 

19,200

15,700

12,600 

16,800

........

........

........

May.

........

4,540 

4,000

3,720

4,920 

4,270

4,580

3,560 

3,660

2,800

5,120

5,400 

4,470 

3,750

3,300

June.

2,940

2,790

2,020

2,080

2,020 

2,180

2,610

3,480

2,850

3,340

4,620 

11,100 

8,900

5,670

3,730

3,590

3 A An

"2" 346"

2,150

2,090 

s 9fin

2,770

2,590 

3,150

2,520

2,340

2,020 

2,540 

1 560

July.

2,490

4,800

2,690

2,490

1,950 

2,700

2,130

1,660

1,950

2,280

3,030 

2,610 

3,040

3,600

5,180

5,240 

2,950

3,360 

3,040

2,440

2,350 

1,820

2,180

1,650 

1,710

1,480

1,420

1,250 

1,160 

1,180

l)020

Aug.

1,080

1,250

1,510

1,490

1,450 

1,510

1,530

2,730

1,490

3,570 

2,490

........

........

1,120

1,320 

1,260

1,140

1,130 

1,160

........

Sept.

........

2,520

1,260

1,180

1,110

1.320 

1,890

"~i,~796

3,420

2,880

2,960

3,830 

3,730

2,560

3,620 

2,910

7,370

........

........

NOTE. No discharge record Dec. 5 to Mar. 18, Apr. 23 to May 17, June 18, Aug. 12 to 19, Aug. 26 to 

Sept. 6, Sept. 13-16, and 27-30.
HUDSON KIVEIl BASIN. 157

Monthly discharge of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 3,430 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May. . ........

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

43,900 

23,900 

5,800

34,600 

36,000 

22,900 

17,300 

11,100 

5,240 

3,570 

12,300

43,900

Minimum.

1,200 

2,340 

1,550 

1,570 

1,390 

6,360 

6,980 

2,800 

1,560 

1,020 

1,010 

1,110

1,010

Mean.

6,170 

5,350 

2,900 

1,890 

6,930 

15,400 

14,100 

5,810 

3,340 

2,480 

1,490 

3,130

5,730

Per 

square 

mile.

1.80 

1.56 

.845 

.551 

2.02 

4.49 

4.11 

1.70 

.974 

.723 

.435 

.912

1.67

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.08 

1.74 

.97 

.64 

2.10 

5.18 

4.59 

1.96 

1.09 

.83 

.50 

1.02

22.70

NOTE. Above table completed by using discharge from Crescent dam station on days when no record 

is available.

MOHAWK RIVER AT CRESCENT DAM, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Crescent dam of Barge canal, about 3 miles above mouth of river at 

Cohoes, Albany County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,490 square miles (measured on topographic maps by State engineer department).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 1, 1917, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder on left bank about 50 feet above guard gate 

at head of Wateriord flight of locks, about 200 yards from left end of spillway; 

inspected by operator from Barge canal power house at the dam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from steel highway bridge at Crescent, about 1£ 

miles upstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The control is the crest of the spillway.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted at this point for canal purposes through Lock 6 and 

through the power plant located at this lock. The following tables of discharge 

include the flow through Lock 6 and through the power plant.

REGULATION. Seasonal distribution of flow regulated by the Delta reservoir on the 

upper Mohawk, and by Hinckley reservoir on West Canada Creek. Large diurnal 

fluctuations during low water caused by operation of movable dams upstream,

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; probably not affected by ice. Rating 

curve well denned between 5,000 and 50,000 second-feet. Record from waterstage recorder satisfactory. Records good.

COOPERATION. Station established and maintained by the United States Geological 

Survey in cooperation with the State engineer and surveyor. Recorder inspected 

by an employee of the State superintendent of public works.

No discharge measurements made at station during year.
158 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART 1.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mohawk River at Crescent dam, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1............. ......

2.. .................

3................... 

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22.. .................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29. .................. 

30...................

31...................

Dee.

5,400

5,560

5,640 

6,040

4,890

5,800

4,040

3,710

2,530

1,550

1,550

2,250

2,420

2,370

1,940

1,840

1,990

2,250

2,470

2,470

2,470

2,250

2,530

2,530

Jan.

........

2

1 on

2,130

2,070

1,920

1,770

1,670

1,620

1,820

1,570

1,570

1,770

1,670

2,070

1,970

1,670

1,720

2,070

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,820

1,770

1,820

2,020

2,070 

1,720

1,720

Feb.

1,670

1,620

1,620 

1,480

1,530

1,970

1,870,

1,670

1,570

1,530

 1,480

1,390

1,430

2,020

4,570

5,540

5,460

5,000

4,360

12,600

34 600

17' 100

12,000

9,210

8,690

10,500

99 QHO

18,700

Mar.

16,700

16,000

13,500 

13,000

10,500

9,210

11,500

11,600

9,320

7,590

6,450

6,360

8,310

18,000

15,300

9,940

7,490

18,000

24,300

26,500

31,800

35,000

44,800

39,800

29,500

23,600

17,300

12,700

11,700 

14,700

17,300

Apr.

18,700

21,500

22,900 

20,100

15,300

12,700

11,700

11,500

16,800

25,100

20,100

16,700

13,900

13,300

18,000

16,700

15,300

17,300

22,900

18,700

14,500

18,000

22,900

18,700

14,700

11,700

7,480

6,980 

7,480

May.

8,680

10,300

8,360 

5,960

6,080

4,930

5,000

5,220

3,690

3,420

5,000

5,000

6,500

17,300

12,700

8,660

5,280

4,960

4,290

3,900

5,100

4,520

4,800

3,970

3,910

3,550

4,900

6,280

5,160 

4,580

3,980

June.

4,110

3,710

3,090 

3,020

2,940

2,950

3,300

4,110

3,160

3,580

4,160

7,410

11,200

8,510

5,170

4,090

3,710

3,550

2,750

2,330

2,620

3,410

3,160

2,790

3,460

2,650

2,600

2,110

2,380 

1,830

July.

2,150

4,770

2,670 

2,840

2,120

2,420

2,160

1,430

1,850

2,140

3,020

2,720

2,950

3,580

4,680

5,050

3,220

3,240

3,360

2,840

2,420

1,870

2,370

2,030

2,020

1,860

1,740

1,560

1,440 

1,440

1,310

Aug.

1,270

1,280

1,340 

1,370

1,390

1,300

1,430

2,360

1,430

2,600

2,020

1,690

1,680

1,420

1,630

1,270

1,390

1,090

1,010

1,120

1,080

1,060

1,070

1,210

1,470

1,250

1,050

1,020

1,220 

1,340

1,870

Sept.

2,760

1,790

1 630 

1,640

1,690

1,980

2,890

2,270

2,110

1,880

2,040

2,190

2,370

2,530

2,580

2,310

2,030

3,910

3,770

3,710

3,460

3,660

2,720

3,230

2,770

6,330

12,300

7,830

4,480 

3,590

NOTE. Mean daily discharge estimated Dec. 23-27, 2,420 second-feet; 30-31, 2,330 second-feet; Jan. 1-4, 

2,310 second-feet; Dec. 9-10, Feb. 1-2, Sept. 11-14, as shown in table, from hydrograph of staff gage readings; 

no automatic record.

Monthly discharge of Mohawk River at Crescent dam, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918. 

[Drainage area, 3,490 sqare miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

February. .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,040

34,600 

44800 

25,100 

17,300 

11,200 

5,050 

2,600 

12,300

Minimum.

1,550 

1,570 

1,390 

6,360 

6,980 

3,420 

1,830 

1,310 

1,010 

1,630

Mean.

3,010 

1,890 

6,930 

17,300 

16,000 

6,000 

3,800 

2,560 

1,410 

3,280

Per 

square 

mile.

0.862 

.542 

1.99 

4.96 

4.58 

1.72 

1.09 

.734 

.404 

.940

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.99 

.62 

2.07 

5.72

an

1.98 

1.22 

.85 

.47 

1.05

DELAWARE RIVER BASIN. 

EAST BRANCH OF DELAWARE RIVER AT FISH EDDY, N. Y.

LOCATION. At railway bridge in village of Fish Eddy, Delaware County, 4 miles

below mouth of Beaver Kill and 5J miles above confluence of East and West

branches.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 790 square miles (measured on Post Route map). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 19, 1912, to September 30, 1918. Records.were

obtained at Hancock, about 4 miles below from October 14, 1902, to December

31, 1912.
DELAWARE BIVER BASIN. 159

f, in two sections, on downstream end of left pier of railroad bridge; read 

by J. P. Lyons.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge about 200 feet above 

the gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; occasionally shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 15.4 

feet at 3 p. m., October 30 (discharge, about 27,400 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 1.70 feet several times in August and September (discharge, 141 second 

feet 1912-1918: Maximum stage, 17.4 feet during the afternoon of March 27, 1913, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, about 33,500 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 1.64 feet at 5 p. m., October 12,14, 15,1914 (discharge, 

97 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation apparently permanent, except for two or three 

months immediately after the spring flood; affected by ice during a large part of 

the period from December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well defined 

between 200 and 20,000 second-feet. Gage read twice daily. Open-water 

records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y., during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 15

Jan.. 146

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.95

4.92

3.85

3.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

702

590

AKR

250

Date.

Mar Cl

Aug. 15

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.13

3.55

9 ftft

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,670

1,120

243

a Measurement made through incomplete ice cover. & Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ...........

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30........:....

31.............

Oct.

300

300

300

300

408

320

300

300

300

281

920

1,690

1,320

960

710

650

590

590

650

2,100

1,790

1,590

1,240

1,080

3,910

2,920

2,790

4,660

3,050

17,500

14,500

Nov.

7,360

5,620

3,910

3,760

3,760

3,460

2,430

1,690

1,500

1,160

1,080

1,080

1,000

920

850

780

780

780

650

590

590

710

2,320

1,890

1,790

1,690

1,500

1,160

1,160

885

Dec.

1,080

1,080

1,000

1,000

1,080

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,200

1,100

1,000

1,000

900

900

800

750

650

600

550

550

500

500

500

500

480

440

380

380

380

380

Jan.

360

340

320

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

340

400

550

500

440

460

440

480

420

400

440

420

440

340

320

320

360

360

340

360

Feb.

340

340

340

300

280

260

220

240

280

220

200

220

300

500

1,000

3,400

2,400

1,500

1,000

5,500

4,900

3,760

2,790

2,550

2,430

2,550

2,670

3,610

Mar.

4,560

4,390

4,390

4,390

3,610

3,760

3,610

3,320

2,920

3,050

2,550

2,320

2,320

3,050

2,790

2,320

2,320

3,460

3,610

5,620

6,000

7,970

7,760

7,160

7,160

6,380

4,070

2,790

2,430

2,320

2,320

Apr.

2,210

2.210

2,100

2,100

2,100

1,990

1,990

1,990

2,920

3,460

2,920

2,790

3,050

3,320

3,320

3,910

4,730

4,900

5,620

5,620

5,810

6,000

5,440

4,900

4,230

3,460

2,920

2,550

2,320

2,100

May.

2,210

2,100

1,410

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,000

1,000

920

920

1,000

1,160

1,500

1,320

1,240

1,080

1,080

2,210

1,500

1,320

1,320

1,240

1,160

2,100

2,670

2,550

2,320

2,100

2,320

June.

2,210

1,890

1,590

1,320

1,160

920

850

850

780

745

1,590

2,430

1,790

1,240

1,160

1,040

850

780

710

710

710

1,320

1,160

1,040

960

780

710

710

590

530

July.

530

480

480

430

385

385

385

385

385

408

480

430

320

281

281

300

408

480

430

385

340

340

320

300

300

300

281

262

228

228

228

-Aug.

228

228

228

228

228

228

213

213

198

198

198

198

228

228

245

228

198

183

174

168

168

154

154

141

141

141

141

141

141

141

168

Sept.

340

385

300

245

228

183

168

163

141

141

141

141

141

141

141

141

168

168

198

262

455

620

430

385

455

430

3,610

1,890

1,500

1,000

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10 to Feb. 20 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of recorder graph, and comparison with similar studies for the station at Hale Eddy.
160 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. T.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 790 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May.... .......................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,500 

7,360 

1,200 

550 

5,500 

7,970 

6,000 

2,670 

2,430 

530 

245 

3,610

14,500

Minimum.

281 

590 

380 

300 

200 

2,320 

1,990 

920 

530 

228 

141 

141

141

Mean.

2,200 

1,900 

785 

373 

1,580 

4,020 

3,430 

1,500 

1,100 

360 

189 

490

1,490

Per 

square 

mile.

2.79 

2.41 

.994 

.472 

2.00 

5.09 

4.34 

1.90 

1.39 

.456 

.239 

.620

1.89

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.22 

2.69 

1.15 

.54 

2,08 

6.87 

4.84 

2.19 

1.55 

.53 

.28 

.69

25.63

DELAWARE RIVER AT PORT JERVIS, N. Y.

LOCATION. At toll bridge at Port Jervis, Orange County, 1 mile above Neversink 

River and 6 miles below Mongaup River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,250 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 12, 1904, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Staff, in two sections; the upper section vertical and attached to downstamm 

end of left abutment; the lower section inclined, about 30 feet downstream. 

Prior to June 20, 1914, a chain gage on the bridge was used; read by Mrs. Bella 

Fuller.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; occasionally shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.3 feet at 8 a. m. 

October 31 (discharge, 61,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.1 feet, 

8 a. m. August 26 and 5 p. m. August 28 (discharge, 390 second-feet).

1904-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 16.0 feet at 8 a. m. March 28, 1914 (discharge, 92,700second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot at 8 a. m. September 22 and 23, 1908 (discharge, 175 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent between dates of shifting; 

affected by ice during large part of January and February. Rating curve well 

defined between 1.000 and 30,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily from October 1 to December 31, and to tenths once daily, January 1 to 

September 30. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

COOPERATION. Gage heights, October 1 to June 30, furnished by United States 

Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 17

Feb. So

Mar 12

12

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

C.C. Covert.... ........

E. D. Burchard. .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.37

3.19

4.82

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

1,800

1,170

9,450

9,540

Date. Made by 

June 8 J. W. Moulton.........

13 .....do.................

£E.

Feet. 

3.10

1.50

1.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,330

650

657

a Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN. 161

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Delaware River at Port Jervis, JV. Y., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. ........

2. ........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7. ........

8.........

9.........

10.........

11 .........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18......... 

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25......... 

26.........

27.........

28.........

29......... 

30......... 

31.........

Oct.

685

685

685

990

780

780

880

990

1,110

990

880

780

1,110

3,650

2,470

2,070

1,890

1,890 

1,720

1,720

4,460

3,910

3,400

2,920

4,460 

9,010

7,060

6,010

7,060 

9,420 

61,600

Nov.

33,500

19,200

13,100

10,300

8,200

7,060

6,010

5,680

4,750

3,910

3,910

3,160

2,920

2,690

2,690

2,690

2,470 

2,260

2,260

2,070

2,070

4,460

4,180

3,650 

3,400

3,160

2,690 

2,470

Dec.

3,160

3,160

3,160

2,920

2,070

1,720

1,390

1,720

2,070

2 Q9fl

2,470

2,000

2,000

1,900 

1,700

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,700 

1,600

1,700

1.500 

1,400 

1,300

Jan.

1,200

1,-00

1.200

1,200

1,200

5,000

1,000

950

1,200

1,300

1.300

i;400

1,600

1,600

1,700

1,700

1,900

1,500 

1,500

1,300

1,200

1,000

1,000

1,600

1,500 

1,200

1,200

1,100

1,100 

1,100 

1,100

Feb.

1,200

1,100

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

l,iOO

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,000

1,200

1,600

2,400

3,600

8,500

8,000 

7,000

11,600

35,000

29,000

15,100

10,700

8,200 

8,600

35,000

24,600

Mar.

14,100

28,200

18 600

14' 100

11,600

11,600

20,500

.14,100

11,600

10,300

12,100

9,010

7,810

14,100

15,100

12,100

11,200

15,100

18,600

20,500

21,800

23,900

19,800

15,100 

13,100

11,200

9,010

7,430 

7,060 

6,700

Apr.

6,700

7,430

8,200

9,010

8,600

6,010

5,360

5,050

9,840

10,300

9,010

8,600

8,200

13,100

16,200

14,100

15,100 

16,800

13,600

11,600

21,200

13,600 

11,200

9,010

7,810

6,700 

6,350

May.

7,810

7,060

6,700

5,680

5,360

5,050

4,750

4,460

3,650

3,400

3,160

2,920

4,460

7,430

6,350

5,050

4,460

3,910 

3,650

3,650

6,010

5,360

5,360

4 75O

3,910 

3,910

4,460

6,010 

6,010 

8,?00

June.

7,060

6,700

5,360

3,910

3,910

3,650

3,650

3,400

3,650

2,920

2,470

2,690

3,160

5,360

4,180

3,650

2,920

2,470 

2,260

2,070

1,890

2,070

5,360

4,460

3,400 

2,920

2,470

2,070

1,890 

1,720

July.

2,070

1,720

2,070

1,890

1,640

1,240

1,240

1,390

1,550

1,390

1,390

1,470

1,470

1,550

1,720

1,980

1,640

1,550 

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,240

1,180

990

880 

780

780

685

685 

685 

880

Aug.

780

880

780

732

780

685

642

685

685

732

732

685

780

780

990

990

780

685, 

562

490

455

390

390

390 

390

455

390

455 

455 

455

Sept.

830

880

1,110

935

780

780

685

642

600

525

490

490

490

562

830

780

685

685 

880

1,050

1,640

2,690

2,260

1,890

1,550 

1,550

6,700

7,430

5.050 

3)650

NOTE Discharge Dec. 10 to Feb. 19 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of recorder graph, and comparison with similar studies for stations on the East aad West 

branches.

Monthly discharge of Delaware River at Port Jarvis, N. 7"., far the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 3,250 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

61,600 

33,500 

3,160 

1,900 

35,000 

28,200 

21.200 

8,200 

7 060 

2,070 

990 

7,430

61,600

Minimum.

685 

2,070 

1,300 

950 

1,000 

6,700 

5,050 

2,920 

1,720 

685 

390 

490

390

Mean.

4,710 

5,720 

2,030 

1,290 

7,980 

14 200 

10,700 

5,130 

3,460 

1,370 

629 

1,640

4,880

Per 

square 

mile.

1.45 

1.76 

.624 

.397 

2.45 

4.38 

3.30 

1.58 

1.06 

.422 

.194 

.505

1.50

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.67 

1.96 

.72 

.46 

2.55 

5.05 

3.68 

1.82 

1.18 

.49 

.22 

.56

20.36

DELAWARE RIVER AT RIEGELSVILLE, N. J.

LOCATION. At toll suspension bridge between Riegelsville, N. J., and Riegelsville,

Pa., 600 feet above Musconetcong River and 9 miles below Lehigh River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,430 square miles. 

498° 21 WSP 471 11
162 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

RECOBDS AVAILABLE. July 3, 1906, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Staff in three sections installed November 14,1914, on left bank (New Jersey

side) at upstream side of bridge; lower section inclined, middle and upper sections vertical. Prior to November 14,1914, chain gage attached to upstream side

of bridge. Gage read by Herbert J. Bernholz. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Large boulders; practically permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 18.4 feet at 4 p. m.

October 31 (discharge, 90,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.95 feet,

August 28 (discharge, 1,420 second-feet). 

1906-1918: Maximum stage 1 recorded, 25 feet March 28, 1913 (discharge,

144,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.55 feet 8 a. m. Sept. 20, 1908

(discharge, 870 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during severe winters only. 

DIVERSIONS. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania canal diverts about 250

second-feet from Lehigh River near its mouth from about the last of March to the

middle of December each year. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice to some

extent during December, January, and February. Rating curve well defined.

Gage read to quarter-tenths twice a day. Daily discharge obtained by applying

mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good. 

No current-meter measurements were made during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1....... 

2....... 

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7....... 

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12....... 

13.......

14.......

15....... 

16.......

17.......

18....... 

19.......

20.......

21....... 

22.......

23....... 

24....... 

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30....... 

31.......

Oct.

1,990 

1,990 

1,990

1,990 

1,990

2,160

2,080 

1,990 

2,340 

2,260

2,160

2,160 

2,630

2,940

3,390

4,140

3,390

3,160 

2,940

3,390

4,140 

5,310

5,610 

5,310 

8,160

10,500

11,600

9,160

9,840

13,900 

73,300

Nov.

62,400 

34,500 

24,000

18,800 

15,000

12,400

10,900 

9,840 

8,820 

8,150

7,490

6,850 

6,540

6,230

5,610 

5,610

5,010

4,710 

4,710

4,420

4,420 

4,710

5,610 

7,490 

8,150

6,860

5,010

4,710

4,420

4,710

Dec.

5,610 

5,610 

5,920

6,610 

5,610

6,010

4,420 

3,880 

2,730 

2,160

2,840

2,940 

2,940

2,940

3,160 

3,390

3,630

3,880 

3,880

3,880

4,140 

4,140

4,420 

4,140 

3,880

3,390

3,160

2,940

2,530

2,630 

2,340

Jan.

2,340 

2,340 

2,340

2,340 

2,160

2,160

2,160 

2,080 

2,160 

2,160

1,990

7,820 

8,820

7,490

7,170 

5,610

5,310

5,010 

4,710

4,420

4,710 

5,010

4,710 

5,010 

4,710

3,880

3,880

3,880

3,880

3,390 

3,390

Feb.

3,390 

3,390

3,390 

3,390

3,390

3,390 

3,390 

3,280 

3,390

3,390

3,390 

3,630

5,920

10,500 

13, 100

12,000

11,600 

13,900

56,700

65,300 

46,600

27,700 

22,600 

20,700

66,800

59,500

52,500

........

Mar.

44,200 

32, 700 

31,600

29,300 

25,600

23,500

33,300 

35,700 

24,500 

26,600

22,600

20,700 

18,800

23,500

36,900 

30.400

26,600

25,600 

28,800

28,800

32, 100 

33,300

34.600 

31,000 

26,600

22,600

19, 700

17,100

14,200

13,100 

12,400

Apr.

12,000 

11,600 

12,400

15,000 

14,600

13,100

11,200 

9,840 

10,900 

16,300

21,600

19,700 

18,400

19,700

23,500 

29,300

31,000

31,600 

34,500

35,100

35,100 

38,100

46,400 

38, 100 

33,300

24,500

20,700

18,000

16,300

14,600

May.

13,900 

14,600 

13,900

12,700 

12,000

10,900

10,200 

9,600 

8,820 

8,480

8,480

8,480 

8,480

10,200

12,700 

12.700

10,900

9,600 

8,480

8,150

8,480 

10,900

10,900 

10,200 

9,160

8,480

7,820

17,500

12,400

11,200 

12,700

June.

14,600 

12,400 

10.200

8,820 

7,490

7,490

7,490 

8,160 

7,820 

6,850

7,490

6,850 

7,490

7,820

8,820 

7,490

6,540

6,610 

5,010

4,420

4,140 

5,920

8,150 

9,160 

7,490

6,230

6,310

5,010

4,420

3,880

July.

4,710 

4,140

4,140 

3,880

3,880

3,390 

3,160 

3,160 

2,940

3,160

3,060 

3,050

3,390

3,880 

3,630

3,390

3,630 

3,390

2,940

2,730 

2,730

2,530 

2,530 

2,630

2,530

2,340

2,340

2,340

2,340 

4,710

Aug.

3,880 

2,940 

2,730

2,630 

2,340

2,530

2,340 

2,160 

2,160 

1,990

1,990

1,990 

2,340

3,160

3,390 

2,940

2,840

2,340 

2,080

1,820

1,820 

1,660

1,660 

1,580 

1,580

1,500

1,500

1,420

1,500

1,680 

1,660

Sept.

4,140 

2,340 

2,530

2,440

2 q/1 ft

9 44ft

2,340 

2,250 

1,990 

1,990

1,820

1,820 

1,990

1,990

1,990 

2,160

1,990

1,990 

1,990

9 MR

3,630 

4,710

4,710 

4,420 

3,880

3,390

4,420

7,490

7,820

7,170

NOTE. Discharge interpolated Feb. 5-7 as gage was read to top of ice. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice to some extent in December and January but no correction made therefor. Gage not 

read Feb. 22; discharge interpolated.

1 It has been estimated that the flood of Oct. 10-11,1903, reached a stage of 41.6 feet with a corresponding discharge of 275,000 second-feet.
DELAWAKE KIVER BASIN. 163

Monthly discharge of Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[ Drainage area, 6,430 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June... ........................................

 July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

73,300 

62,400 

5,920 

8,820 

66,800 

44,200 

46,400 

17,500 

14,600 

4,710 

3,880 

7,820

73.300

Minimum.

1,990 

4,420 

2,160 

1,990 

3,280 

12,400 

9,840 

8,150 

3,880 

2,340 

1,420 

1,820

1,420

Mean.

6,710 

10,600 

3,800 

4.100 

18,900 

26,600 

22,500 

10,700 

7,290 

3,250 

2,190 

3,220

9,880

Per 

square 

mile.

1.08 

1.68 

.600 

.638 

2.94 

4.15 

3.55 

1.71 

1.17 

.541 

.376 

.537

1.57

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.24 

1.87 

.69 

.74 

3.06 

4.78 

3.96 

1.97 

1.30 

.62 

.43 

.60

21.26

NOTE. To allow for water diverted by the canal, 230 second-feet was added to the daily discharge, Oct. 1 

to Dec. 9 and Mar. 16 to Sept. 30, before computing discharge per square mile; first three columns of table 

therefore indicate actual quantity of water flowing in the river: the two remaining columns represent the 

total run-off from drainage area above Riegelsville, including the discharge of the canal.

BEAVER KILL AT COOKS FALLS, N. T.

LOCATION. At covered highway bridge in Cooks Falls, Delaware County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 236 square mile? (measured on Post Route and topographic maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25,1913, to September 30,1918. 

GAGE. Vertical staff, in two sections, bolted to rock on left bank under the bridge;

read by Ralph Rosa and H. B. Couch. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading a short distance

downstream. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel, boulders, and solid ledge; practically

permanent. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.4 feet at 5

p. m. October 30 (discharge, about 9,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded,

0.84 foot at 7 a. m. and 3 p. m. August 24 (discharge, 41 second-feet).

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 12.4 feet at 5 p. m. October 30, 1917

(discharge, about 9,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.70 foot from

7 a. m. October 12 to 7 a. m. October 13, 1916 (discharge, 30 second-feet). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation somewfiat affected by ice. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice during

parts of the period from December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well

denned between 50 and 4,500 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily.

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table.

Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 14« Feb. 9»

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.32

2.05

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

366

270

207

Date.

Mar. 11

Aug. 15

15

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

J. W. Moulton .........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.39

2.32

1.39

1.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

820

316

129

128

Measurement made through complete ice cover, & Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.
164 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1918.

Day.

1. ............

o

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

1C

19..............

20..............

21..............

22............:.

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

186

186

175

244

269

208

186

175

220

164

154

310

244

340

355

310

256

232

232

530

490

325

282

530

910

570

1,590

1,260

1,940

7,110

.2.400

Nov.

1,730

1,400

1,080

805

705

615

282

325

310

9QR

282

296

296

296

269

282

325

310

296

282

404

1,140

615

371

355

340

325

340

387

Dec.

371

QCC

355

325

310

256 °11

220

200

200

200

200

200

ion

onn

oAft

onn

200

9nn

200

190

186

208

200

200

200

Jan.

200

ion

ion

190

ion

200

ion

ion

200

200

onn

200

onn

200

200

200

onn

200

190

180

i an

170

170

170

iftn

160

160

i ^n

140

130

Feb.

1 1f\

130

120

120

110

110

110

110

110

584

Mar.

1,370

805

cqn

sni

7KK

QKK

1,020

7^^

705

QKK

1 oAn

1,730

2,240

2 7on

3

01 n

2 Qfifi

2 ifift

1,940

1 660

1*400

1^020

910

1,260

1.260

Apr.

1,330

i sftfl

1,800

1,940

1,260

1,020

910

OAK

i AJF\C\

i 4fin

1 9fift

1,080

910

1,020

1,330

1 400

l)200

1 940

i 4fin

1,080

I Qnn

2

7OA

1,730

1 400

1 140

oin

OAK

705

705

805

May.

805

70S

615

570

530

-ion

455

371

355

OEE

OKE

340

355

1,020

660

j.on

455

420

387

387

420

QQ7

387

OEE

340

455

387

qor:

455

530

June.

455

071

325

296

9Qfi

355

qofl

256

OCA

232

355

340

000

256

oon

208

197

175

164

QKK

404

325

256

9^9

1Q7

186

175

July.

197

164

175

164

146

142

164

175

1A4.

186

256

310

186

164

164

142

130

112

105

inn

QQ

94

QQ

82

OK

83

92

Aug.

80

79

65

62

QQ

76

64

KQ

t*Q

CQ

19$

120

101

76

isn

Q1

73

62

59

55

48

46

43

41

64

51

4fi

72

fi4

43

Sept.

244 100

on

67

KQ

56

59

56

56

51

54

54

75

58

52

51

48

>vs

132

110

310

175

140

124

112

530

oift

490

325

269

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 11-23 and Dec. 29 to Mar. 8 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements,weather records, study of recorder graph and comparison with similar studies for East Branch of 

Delaware River at Fish Eddy. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods included.

Monthly discharge of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1918, 

[Drainage area, 236 square miles]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,110 

1,730 

371 

200

3,310 

2,720 

1,020 

855 

310 

130 

910

7,110

Minimum.

154 

269 

186 

130

705 

705 

325 

164 

82 

41 

48

41

Mean.

722

505 

230 

184 

417 

1,420 

1,300 

470 

288 

148 

71.6 

164

493

Per 

square 

mile.

3.06 

2.14 

.975 

.780 

1.77 

6.02 

5.51 

1.99 

1.22 

.627 

.303 

.695

2.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.53 

2.39 

1.12 

.90 

1.84 

6.94 

6.15 

2.29 

1.36 

.72 

.35 

.78

28.37

WEST BRANCH OF DELAWARE RIVER AT HALE EDDY, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in village of Hale Eddy, Delaware County, 8 miles

below power dam of Deposit Electric Co. and 8^ miles above junction with East

Branch of Delaware River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 611 square miles (measured on Post Route map). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 15,1912, to September 30,1918. Records obtained

at Hancock, about 7 miles below, from October 15, 1902, to December 31,1912. 

GAGE. Vertical staff in four sections, attached to rocks near right abutment of bridge

and to abutment; read by William Seeley and W. J. Shanly.
DELAWARE RIVER BASlH. 165

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable, installed in July, 1916, about 400 feet 

below gage. Previous measurements made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.4 feet at 4 p. m. 

February 20 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice, discharge not determined); 

minimum stage recorded, 1.5 feet several times in August (discharge, 65 secondfeet).

1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 1 15.3 at 5 p. m. March 27,1913 (discharge, 

about 25,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot at 6 p, m. September 

21,1913 (discharge, 34 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Eating curve well 

defined between 300 and 18,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 15

Dec. 2lo

Jan. 15 o

Feb. 9«

Mar. 9

Made by 

C.C. Covert.... ........

.....do.................

.....do.................

E.D.Burchard. .......

Gage 

height.

F*et. 

2.81

3.14

3.53

3.20

4.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

484

225

270

91 9

1,850

Date.

Mar. 9

5

Aug. 14

14

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.71

3.56

3.58

1.62

1.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,860

883

875

94

92.5

o Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2. .............

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8......... ....

9..............

10..............

11.............

12..............

13..............

14. ............

15..............

16.............

17...... .......

18..............

19........... ..

20..............

21....... ......

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

135

155

130

170

250

325

325

305

200

232

215

250

1,110

720

505

555

480

365

365

1,500

1,180

720

720

900

2,340

2,140

1,340

2,140

1.940

11,600

12,800

Nov.

5,900

2,670

2,140

1,760

1,420

1,260

1,110

970

840

7sn

720

660

555

555

480

455

455

410

410

410

480

900

840

480

388

345

432

505

455

Dec.

580

605

455

455

410

388

325

305

300

300

300

300

280

280

260

260

240

240

240

240

220

240

240

300

200

300

300

200

170

150

90

Jan.

100

100

120

170

85

40

90

110

130 lift

160

360

260

280

280

OCft

OCA

260

260

280

280

280

280

280

260

260

260

QAft

260

260

Feb.

260

240

240

240

220

220

220

220

300

420 srin

1,300

2 000

2*400

2

A(V)

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,560

2,670

2,670

2,910

10,900

3,800

3,540

Mar.

7,650

4 960

3' 800

3,540

2

C£A

4,080

4,660

3,030

1,940

1,940

1,760

1,580

2,790

2,670

2,140

1 760

1^760

9 7dn

3,280

3,540

4,360

4,660

3,030

2,560

2,340

2,040

1,760

1,760

1,420

1,260

1,180

Apr.

1,260

1,580

1,850

1,940

1,580

1,260

1,260

1,110

1,850

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,940

3,150

3,030

2

C£A

2,340

2 560

2,340

2,340

3,030

2,910

2,340

2,140

1,850

1,580

1,420

1,180

1,180

May.

1,180

1,180

1.110

900

900

780

780

780

660

555

530

505

1,110

1,940

1,760

1,340

1,110

900

840

1,340

2,040

1,670

1,940

1,580

1,260

1,580

1,850

2,140

2,140

1,850

June.

1,580

1,180

1,110

1,040

Qflfl

840

900

1,040

840

720

605

2,560

2,340

1,420

970

970

QA(\

840

605

505

505

1,850

1,420

1,040

840

605

605

505

455

455

July.

388

555

660

480

432

410

432

410

345

305

345

388

388

455

530

505

455

455

410

388

345

325

285

250

232

170

101

95

118

250

Aug.

150

142

118

118

110

89

85

69

85

105

170

118

105

85

95

130

142

130

118

110

105

110

89

69

69

75

81

81

95

105

95

Sept.

101

130

232

232

170

250

268

215

200

155

170

150

161

142

150

118

130

215

250

285

720

780

720

840

1,260

2,340

2,560

2,240

2.040

1,340

Nora. Discharge Dec. 9 to Feb. 21 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weathe 

records, study of recorder graph, and comparison with similar studies for the station at Fish Eddy.

» The observer states that on Oct. 10,1893, the water rose to an elevation indicated by a nail in a tree near 

the gage. This nail is at gage height 20.3 feet. No data available indicating whether the present rating 

is applicable to this gage height.
166 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191£, PART I.

Monthly discharge, of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. T?.,for the yeat

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Draining area, 611 square miles.]

Month.

October. ............................. ........

December. ................................

January .......................................

March. .................................... .

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

MjygiiTniTn.

12.800 

5,900 

605 

360 

10.900 

7.650 

3.150 

2,140 

2.560 

660 

170 

2,560

12,800

Minimum.

130 

345 

90 

40 

220 

1,180 

1.110 

505 

455 

95 

69 

101

40

Mean.

1,490 

1,090 

296 

217 

1,750 

2,860 

1,990 

1,300 

1,000 

366 

105 

619

1,080

Per 

square 

mile.

2.44 

1.78 

.484 

.355 

2.86 

4.68 

3.26 

2.13 

1.64 

.599 

.172 

1.01

1.77

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.81 

1.99 

.56 

.41 

2.98 

5.40 

3.64 

2.46 

1.83 

.69 

.20 

1.13

24.10

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN. 

STTSQTTEHANNA RIVER AT CONKLIN, IT. Y.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge just below Conklin, Broome County, 5 miles 

below Big Snake Creek and 8 miles above Chenango River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 13, 1912, to September 30, 1918. Records were 

obtained atBinghamton, 8 miles below, from July 31,1901, to December 31,1912.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on left bank, just below the bridge, installed 

October 4, 1914. Prior to that date, staff in two sections, the lower section inclined, the upper vertical, attached to left abutment. Water-stage recorder 

inspected by George W. Marvin.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

12.87 feet at 10.30 a. m. March 1 (discharge, about 25,900 feet), minimum stage: 

from water-stage recorder, 2.40 feet October 1-5 (discharge, 470 second-feet).

1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded 19.74 feet at the former station in Binghamton, at 7.40 a. m., March 2, 1902 (discharge, about 62,500 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 1.32 feet at 8.20 a. m. and 4 p. m. September 16,1913 (discharge, 

106 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permament, except when affected 

by ice (a large part of the period from January to March, inclusive). Rating curve 

well defined between 250 and 55,000 second-feet. Operation of the water-stage 

recorder fairly satisfactory. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table, except for days when the mean gage heigjit would not 

give the discharge within 1 per cent whan the discharge is the mean of 24 hourly 

determinations. Gage heights determined by inspecting recorder graph or by 

taking mean of two observations per day. Open-water records good; winter records 

fair.
SUSQUEHANNA EIVEE BASIN. 167

Discharge measurements of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

Jan. 17o

Feb llo

Mar. 3»

86

Made by 

C. C. Covert.. ..........

.....do.................

.....do.................

E. D. Burchard........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.06

4.25

11.1

9.83

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

811

959

10,600

11,200

Date.

Mar. 19

Aug 16

Made by 

C.C. Covert.. ..........

.....do.................

J. W. Moulton.........

E. D. Burchard........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.45

6.12

4.50

2.73

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

11,000

5,740

2,620

672

o Measurement made through complete ice cover. t> Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Oct.

506

500

470

506

537

726

1,010

1,030

1,020

938

son

1,060

1,520

2,140

2,000

1,750

2,070

1,810

1,690

3,330

4,530

3,680

2,990

3,640

6,860

6,170

4,840

5,500

6,860

20,400

28,000

Nov.

8,280

6,860

5,380

4,640

3,860

3,500

3,160

2,830

3,590

2,360

2,360

2,510

2,510

2,360

2,070

1,350

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,750

1,880

1,810

2,990

3,oOO

2,910

2,210

1 CLift

1,750

1,690

1,700

Dec.

1,700

1,800

1.800

1,700

1,600

1,500

1,400

1,300

1,100

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

I nnn

1 000

I'flOO

950

Jan.

900

900

850

850

800

800

750

750

700

700

700

7OO

650

7OO

700

750

750

750

son

800

850

850

850

800

800

800

800

900

850

750

700

Feb.

800

800

800

950

950

1,000

850

900

900

950

950

1,000

1,600

2,400

6,500

8,500

10,000

9,500

8,000

6,500

6 inn

6,500

6,500

6,500

7,000

7,500

S rtrtrt

9 M1rt

Mar.

12.000

11,000

o nnn

7,000

5,500

7,000

10,000

11,000

8,500

8,000

8,000

7,500

7,000

12,000

13,000

10 000

8*500

9,500

12,000

14,000

15,500

16,800

16,100

10 1AA

10,200

8,760

7,560

6

JAA

4,950

4,840

Apr.

4,840

5,170

5,720

6,860

6,170

4,640

3,950

3,590

4,980

7,100

6.630

5,720

5,380

6,570

11,500

12,800

10,500

10,800

in *uift

8,280

6,860

9,500

11,300

9 7J.A

8,280

6,860

5,720

5,060

4,330

4,530

May.

5,170

5,720

5,170

4,530

4,230

3,770

3,500

3,240

2,990

2,590

2,440

2,280

5,460

i*s 7ftft

10,500

6,860

4,840

3,950

3,330

3,080

6,130

5,280

6,720

4,740

3,590

4,640

7,330

7,330

5,280

7,500

6,170

June.

5,380

4,140

3,330

2,750

2,360

2,210

2,510

3,950

3,680

2,590

2,280

4,680

5,720

3,420

9 7in

2,280

2,000

1,690

1,520

1,350

2,830

3,950

3,420

2,590

2,140

1 7VI

1 460

1*330

1,250

July.

1,670

2,000

2,510

1,880

1,690

1,520

1,330

1,200

1,100 i nn

i ^rtrt

1 880

2,360

1,940

1,750

1 880

1,630

1,460

1 7f\(\

1,570

1,270

1,200

1,060

1,010

QQ7

son

QAO

726

656

663

663

Aug.

607

572

558

524

512

530

512

506

488

PUV)

630

530

635

726

768

691

663

558

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

Sept.

800

1,800

1,350

979

775

882

826

fiOR

712

642

600

544

680

7Q<*

670

677

712

818

914

1,300

2,590

2 440

1,940

1,570

1,400

3,930

7,100

6 dtV\

4,640

3,240

NOTE. Discharge Oct. 31 to Nov. 10 estimated .for lack of gage-height record,from study of recorder graph 

and comparison with record of flow of Chenango River near Chenango Forks. Discharge Nov. 30 to Mar, 20 

estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather records, study of recorder graph, and 

comparison with similar studies for Chenango River near Chenango Forks.
168 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 2,350 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

January ................................

March ........................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

28,000 

8,280 

1,800 

900 

10,000 

16,800 

12,800 

13,700 

5! 720 

2,510 

768 

7,100

28,000

Minimum.

470 

1,350 

950 

650 

800 

4,840 

3,590 

2,280 

1,250 

656 

488 

544

470

Mean.

3,840 

2,870 

1,230 

782 

4,350 

9,680 

7,130 

5,200 

2,860 

1,400 

558 

1,750

3,460

Per 

square 

mile.

1.63 

1.22 

.523 

.333 

1.85 

4.12 

3.03 

2.21 

1.22 

.596 

.238 

.744

1.47

Run-off 

(depth in . 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.88 

1.36 

.60 

.38 

1.93 

4.75 

3.38 

2.55 

1.36 

.69 

.27 

83

19.98

CHENANGO RIVER NEAR CHENANGO FORKS, N. Y.

LOCATION. About 1J miles below Tioughnioga River, 2 miles by road below Chenango 

Forks post office, Broome County, and 11J miles above Binghamton and mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,380 square miles; area from which water is diverted not included. See "Diversions."

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 11, 1912, to September 30, 1918. Records were 

obtained at Binghamton July 31, 1901, to December 31, 1911.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on the left bank on the farm of Erastus Ingraham.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS.' Made from cable about 100 feet above the gage or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand, gravel, and small cobble stones; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

10.75 feet at noon May 14 (discharge, about 22,000 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 2.40 feet at 4 p. m. August 4 and 7 a. m. August 5 (discharge, 170 

second-feet).

1901-1918: Maximum stage-recorded, 12.18 feet from noon until 1 p. m. April 

2, 1916 (discharge, 27,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.6 feet at the 

former station in Binghamton at 8 a. m. August 29, 1909 (discharge, about 10 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. The run-off from 87.3 square miles at head of Chenango River and from 

15.7 square miles at head of Tioughnioga River is stored in reservoirs and, except 

for discharge over the spillways, is diverted out of the drainage area into the Erie 

canal. The drainage area for Chenango River does not include these two areas.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice (a large part of the period from January to March, inclusive). Rating curve 

well defined between 120 and 35,000 second-feet. Operation of the water-stage 

recorder fairly satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharges ascertained by 

applying to rating table mean daily gage height, determined by inspecting recorder 

graph, or for days of considerable fluctuation by averaging the hourly discharge. 

Open-water records good; winter records fair.
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER 33ASIN. 169 

Discharge measurements of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. T"., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918

Date.

Oct. U 

Dec. 16o 

Jan. 166 Feb.' lit 

Mar. 2«

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.02 

3.94 

5.06 

4.29 

9.35

Discharge.

Sec.-jt. 

1,820 

838 

640 

595 

8,880

Date.

Mar. 7o 

22 

Apr. 26 

June 3 

Aug. 16

I 

C

J 

I

Made by 

...do.................

. W. Moulton.........

Gage 

height.

feet. 

8.93 

9.08 

4.72 

3.87 

3.01

Dis- 

"charge.

8ec.-}t. 

10,600 

14,800 

3,100 

1,680 

559

a Measurement made through incomplete ice cover. 6 Measurer lent made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chenango River nea f

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Chenango Forks, N. Y.,for the

Day.

1.. .........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Oct.

740

750

740

750

1,170

1,430

1,250

1,030

1,380

1,310

1,090

1,040

2,790

2,020

1,670

3,160

2,270

1,720

1,670

5,210

4,180

2,880

2,360

3,140

7,060

5,070

3,650

4,900

4,840

11,600

14,200

Nov.

8,800

5,920

4,720

3,860

3,160

2,790

2,610

2,270

2,020

1,940

1,780

1,660

1,520

1,380

1,280

1,270

1,270

1,180

1,170

1,140

1,120

1,300

1,260

1,410

1,720

1,340

1,250

1,250

1,230

1,250

Dec.

1,560

2,180

1,630

1,520

1,420

1,280

1,080

994

SOP

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,100

1,000

950 900'

850

850

850

800

850

850

850

850

850

850

800

800

750

700

Jan.

650

600

550

550

480

460

440

420

4W

400

400

420

440

550

650

650

500

480

440

360

360

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

Feb.

380

380

380

400

420

440

480

500

550

550

600

700

1,100

1,600

2,600

3,800

4,200

3,600

5,500

9,500

9,000

8,000

8,000

7,000

7,000

10,000

9,500

8,500

Mar.

8,000

9,000

7 000

4', 200

3,400

6,500

10 000

7^500

7,000

7 000

7,500

8,000

10,000

17,800

16,600

11,800

10,900

13,400

11,200

13,000

14,200

14,200

12,700

9,400

7,100

5,800

4,840

3,960

3,550

3,550

3,550

Ap

3 ft

3i 8

4,2

4 ft

3J1

2,5

?, 1

2 11

4]ff

4j9(

4, Of

3,7

3 ft

^ ft'

8,8(

7,11

ft, 4.

7, ft

6,4<

4

Kt

4,0* .5; 5,

ft, 4.

4,7

3jR<

3 1

v

?, 3

V

v<

infoi

so

10

w

JO*n

¥)

70

V\

tfl

iO

iO

W)

10

¥1

W)

iO

Ml

10

iO

iO

to

P*1

SO

iO*) W

10

TO

May.

3,260

2,970

2,270

2,360

2,100

1,860

1,660

1,550

],410

1,380

1,570

1.530

3,960

5,640

3,350

2,440

1,940

1,660

1,590

1,300

5,680

3,160

3,160

2,520

2,700

2,790

4,170

3,750

3,160

2,970

3,350

June.

3,160

2,100

1,620

1,700

1,170

1,300

3,260

2,880

1,760

1,520

1,560

3,810

3,580

2,440

1,860

1,490

1,270

1,140

1,010

904

827

2,190

1,940

1,570

1,250

1,020

871

761

710

982

July.

3,160

1,860

1,600

1,400

1,200

950

850

750

700

750

2,000

2,930

1,860

1,520

1,530

1,300

1,200

1,400

1,100

900

750

650

574

772

&S2

700

555

360

622

504

K/nJ

Aug.

496

414

322

232

216

398

398

446

33S

487

555

487

487

860

660

438

438

438

438

438

414

360

322

322

322

322

322

322

322

322

322

Sept.

338

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

414

574

740

772

740

882

970

1,780

2,610

1,600

1,700

2,180

3,160

3,960

4,060

2,610

1,660

1,350

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 9 to Mar. 13 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of recorder graph, and comparison with similar studies for Susquehanna River at Conklin. 

Discharge May 18 to June 10 and July 23 to Sept. 30 determined from semidauy observations on the stafl 

gage, discharge July 3-7 and 16-22 estimated by comparison of recorder graph with that for the Susquehann a 

River at Conklin.
170 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.)

Month,

December. ....................................

April..........................................

May

June. . ........................................

July...........................................

September. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,200 

8,800 

2,180 

650 

10,000 

17,800 

8,800 

5,680 

3,810 

3,160 

860 

4,060

17,800

Minimum.

740 

1,120 

700 

360 

380 

3,400 

2,100 

1,300 

710 

360 

232 

338

232

Mean.

3,130 

2,160 

1,040 

452 

3,740 

8,790 

4,300 

2,680 

1,720 

1,160 

409 

1,200

2,560

Per 

square 

mile.

2.27 

1.57 

.754 

.328 

2.71 

6.37 

3.12 

1.94 

1.25 

.841 

.296 

.870

1.86

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.62 

1.75 

.87 

.38 

2.82 

7.34 

3.48 

2.24 

1.40 

.97 

.34 

.97

25.18

CHEMTTNG RIVER AT CHEMTTNG, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about midway between Chemung, Chemung County, 

N. Y., and Willawana, Pa., half a mile upstream from State line and 10 miles 

above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,440 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 11, 1903, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Tape gage at the upstream side of the right span of the bridge; read by D. L. 

Orcutt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; occasionally shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.96 feet at 7 

a. m. March 15 (discharge, about 67,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 

1.64 feet at 6.30 a. m. August 30 (discharge, 146 second-feet).

1903-1918: Maximum stage recorded, that of March 15, 1918; minimum stage 

recorded, 1.47 feet at 7 a. m. August 14, 1911 (discharge, about 49 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Power is developed above the station, the largest plant being at Elmira, 

N. Y.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent between dates of shift; 

affected by ice for a large part of the period from December to March, inclusive. 

Rating curve well denned between 200 and 45,000 second-feet. Gage.read to 

hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table. Open-water record good; winter record fair.

Discharge measurements of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 18

Feb. 10»

Mar. ,6

Made by 

C.C. Covert...........

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

3.17

3.46

3.28

5.19

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

1,230

1,010

4,420

Date.

Mar. 20

Apr. 28

July 19

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

5.91

4.16

4.85

' 2.03

Discharge.

Sec.-)t. 

5,200

2,500

3,710

336

Measurement made through incomplete ice cover. * Measurement made through complete ice cover.
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN". 171

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chemung River at Chemung. N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7. .........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16. ........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

602

588

588

567

710

1,050

960

870

750

8TO

830

670

1,730

1.860

1,300

1,420

1,600

1,200

1,050

16,800

7,010

4,240

3.100

3.650

24,300

17,200

16,800

18.000

13.100

17,200

13,800

Nov.

7,850

5,760

4,650

3,840

3,280

2,760

2,440

2,290

2.000

1,860

1,730

1,540

1,420

1,300

1,200

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,050

1,000

960

1,000

1,200

1,300

1,100

710

670

790

790

830

Dec.

870

960

870

1,000

870

790

750

670

490

500

700

850

800

850

1,000

1,000

1,000

900

900

850

800

800

850

1,000

1,100

1,300

1,500

1,300

1,000

800

750

Jan.

700

650

650

600

600

600

600

600

550

550

550

650

500

550

600

600

600

600

600

550

500

500

500

480

500

460

460

440

460

420

400

Feb.

400

380

360

340

260

280

320

320

320

340

380

480

16,800

12.400

12,400

11,000

3,840

2,600

2,140

19,200

17,600

4.440

3.460

3,100

3,100

9,700

11,400

6,750

Mar.

25, 700

18,000

10.400

5,760

4,440

5,080

10,400

4, 800

4,440

' 7,280

8,440

5,080

11,400

38,200

54,900

12,400

8,440

6,490

5 300

6,000

6,490

6,490

5,760

4,440

3,650

3,180

2.760

2,440

2,290

2,000

2,000

Apr.

1,860

1,860

2,000

3,100

2,760

2,140

1,860

1,730

3 280

4,240

3,460

3,460

3,280

5,530

20, 400

33, 100

23,000

22,500

12,400

7,560

6,000

7,560

6,240

5,530

4,440

3,460

2 930

2,600

2,140

2,140

May.

2,290

2,600

2,140

1,860

1,540

1,480

1,480

1,300

1,250

1,150

1,200

1,360

1,420

2,600

1,730

1,480

1,250

1,150

1,050

2,000

2,760

3,460

4,440

2,760

3,460

4,860

5,300

3,460

8,440

6,240

June.

3,650

2,600

2,000

1,540

1,420

1,250

2,760

3,100

1,730

1,300

1,200

2,000

3,100

1,860

1,360

1,150

960

830

750

670

602

2,000

3,280

2,000

1,420

1,100

870

750

790

670

July.

630

581

339

518

490

470

451

401

377

377

377

407

438

389

343

343

332

310

299

299

288

282

266

266

266

432

410

343

299

288

277

Aug.

299

282

255

250

343

288

451

354

321

299

389

630

532

401

360

qfto

288

266

236

OfU

196

184

184

184

172

168

tu

157

164

154

161

Sept.

168

192

208

227

200

200

208

338

288

266

208

200

232

255

525

383

432

870

1,200

1,480

5,760

2,600

1,730

1,300

1,050

1,360

2,140

1,600

1,300

1,000

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10 to Feb. 12 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of recorder graph, and comparison with similar studies for near-by streams.

Monthly discharge of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 2,440 square miles.]

Month.

November...... ......... ... . ... .

January. ......................................

April..........................................

May

July...........................................

August .................... ........... . ...

September. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Miyyimnm.

24,300 

7,850 

1,500 

700 

19,200 

54,900 

33,100 

8,440 

3,650 

630 

630 

5,760

54,900

Minimum.

567 

670 

490 

400 

260 

2,000 

1,730 

1,050 

602 

266 

154 

168

154

Mean.

5,630 

1,960 

898 

550 

5,150 

9,500 

6,750 

2,580 

1,620 

380 

278 

931

3,000

Per 

square 

mile.

2.31 

.804 

.368 

.225 

2.11 

3.89 

2.77 

1.06 

.663 

.156 

.114 

.382

1.23

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.66 

.90 

.42 

.26 

2.20 

4.49 

3.09 

1.22 

.74 

.18 

.13 

.43

16.72
172 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

OOHOCTON BIVER NEAR CAMPBELL, N. Y,

LOCATION. At highway bridge known locally as Red Bridge, nearly 2 miles upstream from Campbell, Steuben County, and midway between Campbell and 

Savona.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not determined.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 11, 1918, to Sept. 30, 1918.

GAGE. Standard chain gage fastened to the downstream handrail of the bridge near 

the left abutment; read by Miss Dora Wood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Firmly bedded gravel, not likely to shift.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice.

REGULATION. Seasonal distribution of flow is probably not affected by operation of 

small reservoirs above.

COOPERATION. Station established by the Lamoka Electric Power Co. under the 

direction of the United States Geological Survey; maintained by the Survey in 

cooperation with the power company and the Sftate of New York.

Discharge measurements of Cohocton River near Campbell, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

July 17

17

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.82

.82

Discharge.

Sec.-}t.

91.3

Date.

July 19

Aug. 18

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

C.C. Covert... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.85

.72

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

106

68.8

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cohocton River near Campbell, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10.........

July. Aug.

0.91

.81

.81

.92

.81

.83

.89

.84

.81

.85

Sept.

0.86

.71

.71

.70

.70

.82

.91

.78

.70

.68

Day.

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17......... is....:....

19

20.........

July.

0.95

1.03

.97

.89

.83

.87

.86

.84

.85

.83

Aug.

0.84

.83

.76

.77

.80

.76

.76

.73

.74

.72

Sept.

0.74

.70

.82

.88

.76

.73

OS

1.10

1.41

2.07

Day.

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

OK

26.:.....,.

97

00

OQ

30.........

31.........

July.

0.7&

.75

.78

.83

1.23

1.04

.88

.91

84

.99

.98

Aug.

0.73

.71

.77

.72

.70

.72

.71

.70

.70

n

.73

Sept.

1.86

1.57

1.37

1.31

1.26

1.46

1.42

1.31

1 99

1 1^1

MUD CREEK AT SAVONA, N. Y.

LOCATION. On farm of L. R. Travis in Savona, Steuben County, half a mile above 

mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not determined.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 8 to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff fastened to timber planted in concrete at the water's edge on 

the left bank 150 feet upstream from farm bridge; read by L. R. Travis.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading at the gage or from farm bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Fairly well compacted gravel; not likely to shift. Considerable grass grows in stream bed. Control probably submerged by backwater 

from the Cohocton River during extreme floods.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN. 173

REGULATION. Operation of grist mills at Bradford, 7 miles upstream, causes gome 

diurnal fluctuation in flow.

COOPERATION. Station established by the Lamoka Electric Power Co. under the 

direction of the United States Geological Survey; maintained by the Survey in 

cooperation with the power company and the State of New York.

Discharge measurements of Mud Creek at Savona, N. Y., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

July 19. .................

Aug. 18..................

Made by 

C. C. Covert...............................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3-53

3.49

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

18.4

14.3

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mud Creek at Savona, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9. ........

10.........

July.

3.54

3.56

3.63

Aug".

3.54

3.52

3.50

3.58

3.54

3.58

3.56

3.52

3.54

3.62

Sept.

3.60

3.46

3.48

3.53

3.50

3.48

3.50

3.52

3.47

3.48

Day.

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

July.

3.59

3.66

3.60

3.62

3.54

3.54

3.54

3.54

3.52

3.58

Aug.

3.52

3.50

3.50

3.62

3.51

3.60

3.63

3.50

3.48

3.50

Sept.

3.47

3.47

3.58

3.48

3.42

3.40

3.50

3.59

3.47

4.26

Day.

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29. ........

30.........

31.........

July.

3.56

3.50

3.51

3.72

4.04

3.76

3.60

3.54

3.52

3.62

2.62

Aug.

3.52

3.52

3.66

3.48

3.46

3.47

3.60

3.49

3.50

3.50

3.48

Sept.

4.05

3.70

3.55

3.56

3.56

3.76

. 3.68

3.59

3.57

3.48

TIOGA RIVER NEAR ERWINS, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge, a quarter of a mile below mouth of Canisteo River, 

near village of Erwins, Steuben County, and 3 miles above junction of Tioga 

and Cohocton rivers to form Chemung River at town of Painted Post.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,320 square miles (furnished by Robert O. Hayt).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 12, 1918, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain near left abutment, downstream side of bridge; graduated and read 

to quarter-tenths twice daily by Miss Jane Sexton.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading near the control, 100 

yards downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Well-compacted gravel, probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period, 6.00 feet at 

5.30 p. m. September 20 (discharge, 6,160 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

0.92 foot August 30 (discharge, 54 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. There is no considerable storage to interfere with the seasonal flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation believed to be fairly permanent. Rating curve 

well defined for stages recorded.

COOPERATION. Station established by the Lamoka Power Co., under the direction 

of the United States Geological Survey. Maintained by the Survey in cooperation with the power company and the State of New York.
174 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Tioga River near Erwins, N. Y., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

July 17

17

Aug. 17

Made by 

.....do...................................................................

C.C. Covert..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.13

1.15

1.28

Discharge.

Sec.-}t. 

125

124

143

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tioga River near Erwins, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. .......

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

July.

79

Aug.

138

119

82

97

146

562

200

190

154

230

Sept.

50

on

100

121

112

240

205

170

121

Day.

11.........

19

10

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

1 ft

19.........

20.........

July.

124

142

130

118

100

109

97

106

Aug.

548

C1 O

80S

265

220

180

180

138

121

109

Sept.

106

146

432

294

220

390

1.100

900

3,920

Day.

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

July.

118

118

112

106

1 U

138

82

94

94

Aug.

106

109

103

88

80

70

65

60

60

54

50

Sept.

9 <un

1,380

Qsn

820

660

980

1,240

940

7flA

590

NOTE. Daily discharge estimated because of no gage-height record Aug. 25 to 29 and 31 to Sept. 3, 

inclusive.

Monthly discharge of Tioga River near Erwins, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 80, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,320 square miles.]

Month.

September. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

562 

3,920

Minimum.

50 

50

Mean.

172 

653

Per 

square 

mile.

0.130 

.495

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.15 

.55

PATUXBNT RIVER BASIN. 

PATUXENT RIVER NEAR BURTOWSVILLE, MD.

LOCATION. At Columbia turnpike bridge, 1J miles northeast of Burtonsville, Montgomery County, and about 4 miles northwest of Laurel.

DRAINAGE AREA. 127 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 21, 1911, to June 15, 1912 (records furnished by United 

States Engineer Office); July 21, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder referred to a staff gage in three sections on left 

bank about 80 feet below highway bridge; prior to July 23, 1914, a vertical staff 

fastened to left side of bridge pier; datum of recorder is 1.29 feet below that of 

gage on pier. Recorder inspected by Columbus Brashears and Arthur Beall.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks are lined with trees and brush and are overflowed at 

stage of about 10 feet. Control is a flat gravel bar about 300 feet below bridge. 

Current is swift under bridge, but sluggish below bridge to control.
PATUXENT RIVER BASIN. 175

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 8.68 feet at 12.30 a. m. 

January 14 (discharge, 2,190 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.69 feet August 

25, 26, 27, and 28 (discharge, 47 second-feet).

1911-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 14.6 feet about 9 a. m. January 12, 1915 

(discharge, from poorly denned rating curve, 5,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 

0.18 foot August 25, 1911 (discharge, 6 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during severe winters only.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 10 to January 11, 

January 12-14, and January 20 to February 12. Rating curve well defined 

between 50 and 200 second-feet and fairly well defined above 200 second-feet. 

Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout the year, except for 

period November 7-10. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator, by hourly method, and by use of mean dailyg age height obtained by inspecting recorder graph. Records excellent.

Discharge measurements ofPatuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Nov. 6

12

Made by £EL

Feet. 

2.13

2.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

72.0

63.4

Date.

T>or> 1 7

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o2.66

2.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

62.3

87. 3

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

55

54

53

51

50

49

da

49

51

55

55

w

78

56

53

50

49

47

49

121

89

fid

82

468

135

76

92

323

108

507

153

Nov.

76

72

76

76

72

72

70

67

63

59

55

fiO

65

63

65

65

65

65

63

62

61

63

61

55

49

47

49

4.Q

55

56

Dec.

75

55

50

48

45

43

42

55

62

92

100

84

69

69

69

62

69

62

55

62

62

62

49

55

43

43

32

38

15

23

19

Jan.

19

23

23

93

23

23

23

28

23

28

49

1,810

291

219

ton

190

200

9ftO

190

171

171

162

171

162

144

126

108

108

92

100

92

Feb.

84

76

76

69

62

69

108

369

270

190

357

QAA

1,620

405

357

171

148

323

944

229

144

162

162

153

323

153

124

Mar.

117

103o$t

92

177

130

I KQ

117

107

126

87

Q9

121

312

l3Af\

162

. 126

110

97

89

700

430

200

151

157

130

117

114

108

102

Apr.

100

97

94

04

87

84

81

82

229

1,050

607

468

520

393

270

219

200

180

162

157

638

393

239

200

201

177

162

153

146

149

May.

200

151

131

126

122

112

165

102

94

107

260

108

103

117

92

87

84

80

76

72

126

577

131

108

103

102

190

97

260

124

146

June.

103

144

162

92

83

78

89

80

72

70

76

75

68

63

66

65

62

61

59

56

56

68

63

59

59

62

63

61

56

56

July.

63

58

51

51

50

49

47

45

44

41

41

41

121

78

53

47

43

44

47

47

41

38

35

35

38

36

35

35

36

74

76

Aug.

53

45

43

41

42

42

do

270

55

47

47

95

171

72

62

40

32

34

36

34

30

28

26

24

22

22

22

22

40

47

171

Sept.

162

49

41

39

38

43

43

38

42

40

36

37

37

37

32

34

32

186

84

62

162

69

50

47

41

41

41

41

36

37

NOTE. Discharge estimated Nov. 7-10, account no record. Dec. 10 to Jan. 11, Jan. 15-17, and Jan. 20 

to Feb. 12, discharge estimated as in table, because of ice, from discharge measurement study of gageheight graph, and weather records.
176 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

507 

76 

100 

1.810 

1,620 

700 

1,050 

577 

162 

121 

270 

186

1,810

Minimum.

47 

47 

15 

19 

62 

87 

81 

72 

56 

35 

22 

32

15

Mean.

104 

62.6 

55.1 

167 

326 

164 

254 

136 

74.2 

49.7 

56.6 

55.9

124

Per 

square 

mile.

0.819 

.494 

.434 

1.31 

2.57 

1.29 

2.00 

1.07 

.584 

.391 

.446 

.440

.976

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.94 

.55 

.50 

1.51 

2.68 

1.49 

2.23 

1.23 

.65 

.45 

.51 

.49

13.23

POTOMAC RIVER BASIN. 

POTOMAC RIVER AT POINT OF ROCKS, MD.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge at Point of Rocks, Frederick County, about

one-third mile below Catoctin Creek and 6 miles above Monocacy River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 9,650 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 17, 1895, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Chain, attached to downstream side of left span of bridge; read by G. H.

Hickman. Datum constant since September 2, 1902; prior to this date datum

was 0.45 foot higher than at present. Sea-level elevation of gage datum, 200.54

feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent. The control is a ledge a few

hundred feet below the station, the ledge extending completely across the river

except for one relatively unimportant channel. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.1 feet at 6

p. m. April 22 (discharge, 115,000second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.49

foot at 3 p. m. Octofrer 1 (discharge, 770 second-feet). 

1895-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 29 feet on March 2, 1902 (discharge,

219,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.38 foot on September 10,1914 (discharge,

540 second-feet).

The crest of the flood of June 2, 1889, as determined by the U. S. Army Engineers from high-water marks, reached a stage of 40.2 feet (discharge, 325,000

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seldom affected by ice. 

DIVERSIONS. The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal parallels the Potomac on the Maryland

side. The average discharge of the canal is 75 to 100 second-feet. The discharge

in not included in the following tables: 

REGULATION. Fluctuation at extremely low stages has been noted and is probably

caused by the operation of power plants on the upper Potomac and tributaries. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice from

December 12 to February 11. Rating curve well defined except at extremely

low water. Gage read to hundredths once daily; during high water read oftener.

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table.

Records excellent except those for extremely low stages, which are fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by G. C. Stevens and M. I. Walters: 

Octobers, 1918: Gage height, 0.70 foot; discharge, 1,120 second-feet.
POTOMAC RIVEE BASIN. 177

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Potomac Rimr at Point of Rocks, Md., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918. j

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7. .........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30.......... 

31..........

Oct.

770

1,030

1,190

1,060

945

835

1,510

1,290

1,190

1,100

835

945

1,220

1,260

1,060

900

1,260 

1,220

1,100

1,340

1,030

945

965

11,500

22,900

18,600

9,530

7,750 

7,330

15,200 

30,100

Nov.

18,600

12,500

9,070

6,920

5,380

4,840

4,500

4,010

4,010

3,090

3,090

3,540

2,940

2,800

2,660

2,800

2,940 

1,910

1,540

1,390

1,260

1,510

1,680

1,790

2,120

1,940

1,540

1,290 

1,480

1,.760

Dec.

1,990

2,250

2,250

2,520

2,660

2,380

2,250

2,120

2,120

2,250

2,250

........

........

........

Feb.

63,900

105,000

80,500

68,000

48,400

40,000 

33,500

23,600

30,100

64,700

55,600

38,500

21,100

9,530

22,300

33,500

19,800

........

Mar.

20,400

19,800

14,100

16,300

15,200

15,700

10,000

9,070

9,070

9,530

12,000

11,000

13,500

15,700

43,000

28,800

26,100 

19,800

13,500

10,500

9,530

11,000

8,620

9,070

12,000

6,520

6,520

9,070 

6,520

4,500 

5,750

Apr.

5,020

6,520

5,750

5,750

5,380

4,500

4,170

4,010

7,330

29,400

60,600

50,800

27,500

35,600

93,000

111,000

97,100 

93,800

80,500

54,000

37,100

110,000

95,400

35,600

33,500

28,800

20,400

22,900 

15,700

14,100

May.

16,300

14,600

11,000

9,070

8,620

8,180

7,330

6,520

6,130

5,750

6,520

6,130

5,380

6,920

5,750

5,750

5,380 

4,840

4,190

3,540

3,240

2,940

3,540

3,090

2,660

3,540

3,090

2,940

S ftQft

4,330 

5,380

June.

5,020

5,750

5,020

4,840

4,840

5,380

4,500

4,170

2,520

2,380

2,520

2,940

2,800

2,660

2,520

2,380

2,250 

2,520

2,520

2,940

2,800

3,240

3,860

3,090

2,800

2,660

2,520

2,660 

2,520

2,730

July.

2,940

2,660

3,240

4,040

4,840

4,500

4,670

4,500

4,170

4,010

4,010

3,860

3,090

3,240

3,700

3,390

3,240 

2,940

2,800

2,520

2,940

2 520

2,520

2,380

2,120

2,940

3,240

2,940 

3,090

4,330 

2,660

Aug.

3,240

2,940

3,540

3,390

3,240

2,520

2,800

3,090

3,390

2,660

2,250

2,120

2,940

3,090

3,540

3,090

3,240 

2,940

2,800

2,660

2,940

2,520

2,380

2,520

2,380

2,250

2,660

2,940 

3,240

3,240 

3,700

Sept.

2,940

2,800

2,380

3,700

3,240

2,940

3,700

3,640

3,590

3,090

2,940

2,800

2,380

2,120

1,990

2,120

2,250 

2,520

4,500

6,520

6,920

6,720

6,520

5,380

5,020

5,750

5,380

5,020 

4,760

4,500

NOTE. Discharge estimated, on account of ice, from a study of weather records and daily gage-height 

graph as follows: Dec. 12-31, 2,700 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 2,500 second-feet; Feb. 1-11, 3,200 second-feet. 

Discharge interpolated May 5 and 19, June 30, July 4, and Sept. 8, 22, and 29; discharge estimated Apr. 9.

Monthly discharge of Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Month.

Decemb er .....................................

January . '. .....................................

March.........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September .....................................

The year...... ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

30,100 

18,600

43,000 

111,000 

16,300 

5,750 

4,840 

3,700 

6,920

111,000

Minimum.

770 

1,260

4,500 

4,010 

2,660 

2,250 

2,120 

2,120 

1,990

770

Mean.

4,770 

3,830 

2,550 

2,500 

28,300 

13,600 

39,800 

5,990 

3,310 

3,360 

2,910 

3,940

9,390

Per 

square 

mile.

0.494 

.397 

.264 

.259 

2.93 

1.41 

4.12 

.621 

.343 

.348 

.302 

.408

.973

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.57 

.44 

.30 

.30 

3.05 

1.63 

4.60 

.72 

.38 

.40 

.35 

.46

13.20

MONOCACY RIVER NEAR FREDERICK, MD.

LOCATION. At Ceresville bridge on toll road leading from Frederick, Frederick 

County, to Mount Pleasant, about 3,000 feet below Tuscarora Creek (entering 

from right), 2,000 feet above Israel Creek (entering from left), and 3 miles northeast of Frederick.

498° 21 WSP 471 12
178 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

DRAINAGE AREA. 660 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 4,1896, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain attached to downstream side of right span of bridge; read by Eugene 

L. Derr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and boulders; shifting during 

very high floods. Control not well denned. Banks lined with trees and brush; 

subject to overflow at high stages.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 22.1 feet at 

5.20 p. m. February 20 (discharge, 14,300 second-feet); mini mum stage recorded, 

3.85 feet September 16 and 17 (discharge, 54 second-feet).

1896-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 27.2 feet at 11 a. m. January 13, 1915 

(discharge, determined from rating curve used for 1916, 19,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage, 3.54 feet several days in October, 1910 (discharge, 15 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during severe winters only.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from December 9 to February 

11. Rating curve well denned between 200 and 15,000 second-feet. Discharge 

measurements made during high water of March, 1917, indicate that rating 

curves used prior to 1916 gave results about 20 per cent too large at high stages. 

Gage read to half-tenths once daily; oftener during high water. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying gage height to rating table. Records good. 

The following discharge measurement was made by G. C. Stevens: 

January 3,1918: Gage height, 5.45 feet; discharge, 166 second-feet. Stage-discharge

relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3. .........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7. .........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

204

178

178

178

178

178

178

165

152

152

152

152

232

232

218

204

178

178

165

360

474

474

474

4,730

8,280

3,060

1,030

4,150

1,450

12,400

4,310

Nov.

2,060

1,640

1,260

882

784

736

644

600

514

494

474

454

434

396

360

343

326

294

294

343

326

326

326

310

294

278

262

262

Dec.

326

310

9Q4

262

262

262

262

Feb.

1,320

4,820

9.390

8,010

3,140

2

QOA

2,120

13,700

8,830

5,500

i S4n

1,570

2 QQfi

11,800

4,070

S oon

Mar.

2.560

1.910

1.710

1,320

1,710

1.640

1.450

1,320

1.450

1,570

1.450

1,260

982

3

AA(\

3,590

1,570

1.320

1 14fi

982

QQO

832

982

832

736

600

535

556

4Q4

494

454

Apr.

454

415

378

415

378

^415

982

3,060

7,010

8,830

3,590

5,580

4.390

3,830

2,700

2,270

1,570

1,570

1,450

5,410

5,240

1,710

1,640

1,200

1,090

QQO

882

784

May.

932

882

784

667

600

535

535

494

474

434

434

41 15

434

434

415

494

415

378

360

qi n

326

5,580

1,030

622

556

AQA

434

378

600

415

982

June.

494

415

882

474

343

343

310

310

278

278

247

247

218

232

218

218

191

9fVt

191

204

191

360

310

262

218

204

178

191

165

218

July.

218

218

191

178

165

152

140

152

128

140

128

128

191

326

218

191

152

152

140

I4n

14(1

128

116

116

-\Af\

535

378

165

140

116

713

Aug.

310

191

128

116

191

1,200

578

191

165

152

204

191

165

152

140

128

116

128

93

72

72

93

72

72

79

72

72

QQ

128

191

191

Sept.

247

165

I4n

116

116

140

140

93

93

93

OS

93

72

63

KA

54

116

116

165

278

378

310

218

165

140

93

QQ

93

72

NOTE. Discharge estimated, on account of ice, from discharge measurement, weather records, and a 

study of gage-height graph, as follows: Dec. 9-31, 270 second-feet; Jan. 1-12, 185 second-feet; Jan. 13-25, 

590 second-feet; Jan, 26-Feb, 11, 460 second-feet.
RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN. 179

Monthly discharge of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Month.

March.. .......................................

April........... ...............................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,400 

3,060

1*> *7Afi

3,590 

8,830 

5,580 

882 

713 

1,200 

378

13,700

Minimum.

152 

262

454 

343 

310 

165 

116 

72 

54

54

Mean.

1,440 

604 

275 

408 

3,560 

1,310 

2.370 

705 

286 

198 

185 

138

935

Per 

square 

mile.

2.18 

.915 

.417 

.618 

5.39 

1.98 

3.59 

1.07 

.433 

.300 

.280 

.209

1.42

Run-off in 

inches.

2.51 

1.02 

.48 

.71 

5.61 

2.28 

4.00 

1.23 

.48 

.35 

.32 

.23

19.22

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN.

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER NEAR FREDERICKSBURG, VA.

LOCATION. At rear of McWhirt farm, 1$ miles above dam of Spottsylvania Power Co. 

and 3£ miles above Fredericksburg, Spottsylvania County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,590 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 19, 1907, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff on right bank; installed November 4, 1913, to replace chain 

gage destroyed October 31, 1913. Original gage was a vertical staff which was 

destroyed February 14, 1908, and replaced February 20, 1908, by a chain gage 

under the cable. All three gages at practically the same location and referred 

to same datum. Gage read by Charles Perry.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable at gage. At extremely low water 

measurements can be made by wading or from a bridge over the power canal 

below the dam.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of boulders; somewhat rough. One channel. 

Banks wooded; water overflows right bank at stage about 15 feet and left bank 

at about 12 feet. Current sluggish at extremely low water. Control is a rocky 

section a few hundred feet below the gage; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during the year, 11.45 feet at noon April 

11 (discharge, 38,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.73 foot at 3 p. m. 

September 17 (discharge, 191 second-feet).

1907-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 11.45 feet at noon April 11, 1918 (discharge, 38,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.30 foot at 3 p. m. August 

21, 1914 (discharge, 72 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms near gage but seldom in sufficient quantity at control to affect stagedischarge relation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Eating curve well 

defined except for extremely high and low stages. Gage read to hundredths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table. Records good except for winter months. Comparison with 

records for other stations indicates that the winter records of the Rappahannock 

are not subject to large errors.
180 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

Dally discharge, in second-feet, of Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va.,for (he

year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

5..........

6. .........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14. .........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

28..........

29..........

30

31..........

Oct.

342

282

270

260

245

276

282

250

294

329

455

410

329

369

342

329

305

305

276

478

666

534

418

2,240

2,570

1,350

918

3,920

2,080

4,850

8,340

Nov.

2,920

2,080

1,770

1,420

1,280

1,160

975

918

918

750

740

708

698

656

645

626

626

588

569

550

534

550

569

550

569

494

462

486

588

598

Dec.

1,040

860

616

569 C-iQ

CrtO

470

534

1,420

918

510

425

........

Feb.

2,740

QIC

........

Mar.

2,080

1,920

1,920

1,700

1,770

2

7JTI

3,100

2.570

2

QOA

2 400

2,000

1,770

1,840

5,910

4,610

3,290

2,400

2 240

1^920

1,920

9 7AC\

2,240

2,000

2,080

2,080

1,620

1 480

1^350

1,280

Apr.

1,220

1.220

1,220

1.220

1,220

1,160

1,100

1,040

1,220

32,500

38,500

15,900

6,770

5,630

5,630

4,610

3,920

3,920

3,920

4 140

21,600 *yi inn

8,010

4 140

4^370

4,370

3

<7(\f\

3

OQA

3,100

2

QOA

May.

3,100

2,740

2,570

2,080

1,920

1,770

1,700

1,480

1,480

1 480

1,420

1,480

1,480

1,770

1,700

1,560

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,350

1,100

975

918

860

918

860

860

918

1,350

1,420

June.

1,480

2,570

2,920

2,570

1,840

1,560

1,420

1,420

729

636

740

645

607

550

588

542

502

486

470

470

502

542

636

687

805 *y nsn

2 nftft

2,000

1 S/Ul

July.

1,420

1,220

750

687

645

578

598

560

502

502

440

425

455

626

805

542

455

425

502

470

470

425

355

395

410

329

362

230

204

1,480

Aug.

729

494

410

440

470

395

355

2,920

2,080

750

1,280

2,740

2,570

2,920

1,620

975

750

750

349

676

607

486

382

362

480

598

455

349

3,290

2 9.4H

1,920

Sept.

2,400

355

342

329

311

355

311

195

369

1,770

2,240

2,920

2,570

2,080

1,560

1,350

1,220

1,160

831

502

369

NOTE. Daily discharge estimated, on account of ice, from a study of gage heights, weather records, and 

comparison with near-by streams, as follows: Dec. 13-31, 400 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 1,200 second-feet; 

Feb. 1-11,3,300 second-feet; and on account of no gage readings, Feb. 12-26, 6,800 second-feet, and Sept. 

2-10,800 second-feet. Discharge interpolated Aug. 25 and Sept. 28.

Monthly discharge of Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Month.

April..........................................

May.........................:.................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,340 

2,920

5,910 

38,500 

3,100 

2,920 

1,480 

3,290 

2,920

38,500

Minimum .

245

462

1,280 

1,040 

805 

470 

204 

349 

195

195

Mean.

1,110 

866 

516 

1,200 

5,200 

2,320 

7,160 

1,490 

1,180 

573 

1,120 

1,020

1.950

Per

square 

mile.

0.698 

.545 

.325 

.755 

3.27 

1.46 

4.50 

.937 

.742 

.360 

.704 

.642

1.23

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.80 

.61 

.37 

.87 

3.40 

1.68 

5.02 

1.08 

.83 

.42 

.81 

.72

16.61

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS,

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in north Atlantic coast drainage basin during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

May 19

July 19

Stream. Tributary to 

River).

River.

Locality.

Pond.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

37.9

10.5
INDEX.

A.

Accuracy of data and computed results, degrees of.......................... 10-11

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 8

Adirondack Electric Power Corporation, cooperation by.................... 11

Amherst, Maine, West Branch of Union

River at......................... 16-17

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N.H......... 43-44

at Erroldam, N.H...................... 41-42

atEumford, Maine..................... 44-45

Androscoggin River basin, gaging station records in.......................... 41-47

Appropriations, table of..................... 7

Asheulot River at Hinsdale, N.H.......... 99-100

Atbol, Mass., East Branch of Tully River

near........................... 108-109

Authorization of work....................... 7

Aziscohos dam, Maine, Magalloway River at. 45-46

B.

Bangor, Maine, Kenduskeag Stream near.... 31-32

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y.......... 163-164

Berlin, N. H., Androscoggin River at........ 43-44

Blackwater River near Contoocook, N. H.... 68-69

Borden Brook near Westfleld, Mass........ 127-128

Bristol, N.H., Smith River near............ 65-66

Burtonsville, Md., Patuxent River near... 174-176

C.

Campbell, N. Y., Cohocton River near....... 172

Charlemont, Mass., Deerfleld River at..... 112-113

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y........ 170-171

Chenango Forks, N. Y,, Chenango River

near........................... 168-170

Chenango River near Chenango Forks,

N.Y.......................... 168-170

Clinton, Mass., South Branch of Nashua

River basin near................. 72-73

Cochituate, Mass., Lake Cochituate basin

near............................. 73-75

Cohocton River near Campbell, N. Y........ 172

Computation, results of, accuracy of......... 10-11

Conklin, N. Y., Susquehanna River at.... 166-168

Connecticut Power Co., cooperation by...... 11

Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H...................... 76-79

at Orford,N.H......................... 79-81

at Sunderland, Mass..................... 81-94

Connecticut River basin, gaging station records in......................... 76-130

Connecticut Valley Lumber Co., cooperation

by............................... 11

Contoocook, N. H., Blackwater River near.. 68-69 

Conl oocook River near Elmwood, N.H..... 66-67

Control, definition of........................ 8

Cooks Falls, N. Y., Beaver Kill at......... 163-164

Cooperation, records of....................... 11

Cornish, Maine, Ossipee River at........ _. 51-52

Saco River at............................ 49-50

Covert, C. C., and assistants, work of........ 12

Crescent dam, N. Y., Mohawk River at.... 157-158

Current meters, Price, plate showing........ 10

D.

Data, explanation of_..........._........ 9-10

Dead River at The Forks, Maine............. 38-39

Deerfleld River at Charlemont, Mass...... 112-113

Definition of terms....................... 8

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y....... 160-161

at Riegelsville, N. J................... 161-163

East Branch of, at Fish Eddy, N. Y... 158-160 

West Branch of, at Hale Eddy, N. Y.. 164-166 

Delaware River basin, gaging-station records

in............................. 158-166

E.

Eagfe Bridge, N. Y., Hoosic River near.... 153-155

Eastern Connecticut Power Co., cooperation

by............................... 11

Elmwood, N. H., Contoocook River near.... 66-67

Errol dam, N. H., Androscoggin River at.... 41-42

Erring, Mass., Millers River at............ 103-104

Erwin, N. Y., Tioga River near........... 173-174

F.

Falls Village, Conn., Housatonic River at.. 133-134 

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass. 129-130 

Fish Eddy, N. Y., East Branch of Delaware

River at....................... 158-160

Foxcroft, Maine, Piscataquis River near..... 27-28

Framingham, Mass., Sudbury River basin

near............................. 73-74

Franklin Junction, N. H., Merrimack River

at............................... 60-62

Frederick, Md., Monoeacy River near..... 177-179

Fredericksburg, Va., Rappahannock River

near........................... 179-180

Friez water-stage recorder, plate showing.... 11

G.

Gaging station, typical, plate showing....... 10

Gibbs Crossing, Mass., Ware River at...... 114-115

Goss Heights, Mass., Middle Branch of Westfield-R iver at.................. 124-125

Great Barrington, Mass., Housatonic River

near........................... 131-132

Grindstone, Maine, East Branch of Penobscot River at.................... 23-24

Gurley printing water-stage recorder, plate

showing......................... 11

181
182 INDEX.

H.

Hadley, N. Y., Sacandaga River at........ 151-153

Hale Eddy, N. Y., West Branch of Delaware River at.................. 164-166

Hinsdale, N. H., Ashuelot River at......... 99-100

Holyoke Water Power Co., cooperation by.. 11 

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y..... 153-135

Hope, N. Y., Sacandaga River near........ 149-151

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn.. 133-134 

near Great Barrington, Mass........... 131-132

Hudson River at Meehanicville, N. Y..... 143-144

at North Creek, N. Y.................. 137-138

at Spier Falls, N. Y................... 141-142

atThurman,N.Y..................... 139-140

near Indian Lake, N.Y............... 135-136

Hudson River basin, gaging-station records

in............................. 135-158

I.

Indian Lake, N. Y., Hudson River near... 135-136 

Indian Lake reservoir at............... 144-145

Indian River near..................... 146-147

Indian Lake reservoir at Indian Lake, N. Y 144-145 

Indian River near Indian Lake, N.Y...... 146-147

International Paper Co., cooperation by..... 11

J.

Jewett City, Conn., Quinebaug River at..... 75-76

K.

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine..... 31-32

Kennebee River at The Forks, Maine........ 34-35

at Waterville, Maine..................... 3,6-38

Kennebee River basin, gaging-station records

in............................... 33-41

Knightville, Mass., Westfleld River at..... 120-121

L.

Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass. 73-75 

Lawrence, Mass., Merrimack River at....... 62-64

Little Androscoggin River near South Paris,

Maine........................... 46-47

Lowell, Maine, Passadumkeag River at..... 29-30

M.

Machias River at Whitney ville, Maine....... 14-15

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine. 45-46 

Maine, cooperation by....................... 11

Massachusetts, cooperation by............... 11

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag,

Maine........................... 25-26

McAlary, A. F., and assistants, work of...... 11

Meehanicville, N. Y., Hudson River at.... 143-144

Medway, Maine, West Branch of Penobscot

River near....................... 19-20

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N.Y. 60-62

at Lawrence, Mass....................... 62-64

Merrimack River basin, gaging-station

records in........................ 53-75

Merrimack, N. H., Souhegan River at....... 70-72

Millers River at Erving, Mass.............. 103-104

near Winchendon, Mass............... 101-102

Millinocket, Maine, West Branch of Penobscot River at.................... 18

Mohawk River at Crescent dam, N. Y..... 157-158

at Vischer Ferry dam, N.Y........... 155-157

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md....... 177-179

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine........ 33

Moss Brook at Wendall Depot, Mass....... 110-111

Mud Creek at Savona, N. Y............... 172-173

N.

Nashua River basin, South Branch of, near

Clinton, Mass.................... 72-73

New Boston, Mass., Farmington River near 129-130 

New England Power Co., cooperation by.... 11

New Hampshire, cooperation by............. 11

New York, cooperation by................... 11

North Chichester, N. H., Suncook River at.. 69-70 

North Creek, N. Y., Hudson River at..... 137-138

O.

Orford, N. H., Connecticut River at......... 79-81

Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine............. 51-52

P.

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine....... 29-30

Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St.

Johnsbury, Vt................... 95-96

Patuxent Rive r near Burtonsville,' Md..... 174-176

Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.... 53-60

Penobscot River at West Enfleld, Maine..... 21-22

East Branch of, at Grindstone, Maine.... 23-24

West Branch of, at Millinocket, Maine... 18 

West Branch of, near Medway, Maine... 19-20 

Penobscot River basin, gaging-station records

in............................... 18-32

Pierce, C. H., and assistants, work of........ 11

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine..... 27-28

Pittsburg, N. H., Connecticut River at First

Lake, near....................... 76-79

Pittsfleld, Maine, Sebasticook River at...... 39-41

Plymouth, N. H., Pemigewasset River at... 53-60 

Point of Rocks, Md., Potomac River at... 176-177 

Pond Brook, miscellaneous measurement of.. 180 

Port Jervis, N. Y., Delaware River at..... 160-161

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md..... 176-177

Potomac River basin, gaging-station records

in............................. 176-179

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake,

Maine........................... 48-49

Price current meters, plate showing......... 10

Priest Brook near Winehendon, Mass........ 107

Profile Falls Power Co., cooperation by...... 11

Q.

Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass... 118-119 

Quinebaug River at Jewett City, Conn...... 75-76

R.

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg,

Va............................ 179-180

Rating curves for Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., figure showing... 82 

Riegelsville, N. J., Delaware River at..... 161-163

Riverbank, N. Y., Schroon River at....... 148-149

Rumford, Maine, Androscoggin River at.... 44-45

Run-oil (depth in inches), definition of...... 8

Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y......... 151-153

near Hope, N.Y...................... 149-151

Saco River at Cornish, Maine................ 49-50

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine........ 12-13

St. Johnsbury, Vt., Passumpsic River at

Pierce's mills, near.............. 95-96

Savona, N. Y., Mud Creek at.............. 172-173

Schroon River at Riverbank, N.Y........ 148-149

Spope of work............................... 7-8
INDEX. 183

Sebago Lake outlet, Presumpscot River

at............................... 48-49

Sebasticook River at Pittsfleld, Maine....... 39-41

Second-feet, definition of.................... 8

Second-feet per square mile, definition of.... 8

Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass.. 105-106 

Smith River near Bristol, N. H............. 65-66

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H........ 70-72

South Paris, Maine, Little Androscoggin

River near...................... 46-47

Spier Falls, N. Y., Hudson River at....... 141-142

Spottsylvania Power Co., cooperation by.... 11

Stage-discharge relation, definition of......... 8

Stevens, G.G., and assistants, work of....... 12

Stevens water-stage recorder, plate showing.. 11 

Sudbury River basin near Framingham,

Mass............................ 73-74

Suncook River at North Chichester, N. H... 69-70 

Sunderland, Mass., Connecticut River at.... 81-94

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y...... 166-168

Susquehanna River basin, gaging-station

records in..................... 166-174

Swift River at West Ware, Mass........... 116-117

T.

Terms, definition of......................... 8

The Forks, Maine, Dead River at........... 38-39

Kennebec River at...................... 34-35

Thtirman, N. Y., Hudson Eiver at........ 139-141

Tioga River near Erwins, N. Y............ 173-174

Tully River, East Branch of, near Athol,

Mass.......................... 108-109

Turners Falls Power & Electric Co., cooperation by.......................... 11

TJ. Page. 

Union River, West Branch of, at Amherst,

Maine........................... 16-17

V. 

Van Buren, Maine, St. John River at........ 12-13

Vermont, cooperation by.................... 11

Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., Mohawk River

at............................. 155-157

W. 

W. H. McElwain Co., cooperation by........ 11

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass....... 114-115

Water-stage recorders, plate showing........ 11

Waterville, Maine, Kennebec River at....... 36-38

Wendall Depot, Mass., Moss Brook at.... 110-111

West Brimfield, Mass., Quaboag River at.. 118-119 

West Enfield, Maine, Penobscot River at... 21-22 

West Hartford, Vt., White River at......... 97-98

West Ware, Mass., Swift River at......... 116-117

Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass. 125-127 

Westfield, Mass., Borden Brook near...... 127-128

Westfield Little River near............ 125-127

Westfield River at Knightville, Mass...... 120-121

Middle Branch of, at Goss Heights,

Mass........................... 124-125

near Westfield, Mass.................. 122-123

White River at West Hartford, Vt.......... 97-98

Whitneyville, Maine, Machias River at...... 14-15

Winchendon, Mass., Millers River near.... 101-102

Priest Brook near....................... 107

Sip Pond Brook near.................. 105-106

Work, authorization of...................... 7

division of. ...............*............... 11-12

scope of................................. 7-8

Z. 

Zero flow, point of, definition of............. 8

STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PAET I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE BASISS
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

PAET I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE BASINS.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geologic sal 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume 

of flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, 

but it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects 

as irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, monographs, and 

annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now publishsd 

annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below.

PART I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin.

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

I.. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins, in three volumes:

A, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin.

B, Snake River basin.

(7, Lower Columbia River basin and Pacific slope basins in Oregon.

This appendix contains, in addition to the list of gaging stations 

and the annotated list of publications relating specifically to the 

section, a similar list of reports that are of general interest in many 

sections and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects; also brief 

references to reports published by State and other organizations

(p. xxiv).

m
iv SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, PART i.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regarcjl to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below.

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D.| C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., 704 Journal Building.

Harrisburg, Pa., care of Water Supply Commission.

Asheville, N. C., 32-35 Broadway.

Chattanooga, Tenn., Temple Court Building.

Madison, Wis., c/o Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Chicago, 111., 1404 Kimball Building.

Ames, Iowa, care of State Highway Commission.

Topeka, Kans., 25 Federal Building.

Austin, Tex., Capitol Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Tucson, Ariz., University of Arizona.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Idaho Falls, Idaho, 228 Federal Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

Portland, Oreg., 606 Post Office Building.

San Francisco, Calif., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Calif., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,510 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports indicated in the following table:
GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A-Annual Report; B=Bulletin; W=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt.2. .........

llth A, pt.2. .........

12th A, pt.2. .........

13th A, pt.3. .........

14th A, pt.2. .........

B131..................

16th A, pt.2. .........

B146..................

Wll...... ............

18th A, pt. 4. .........

W15..................

W16.. ................

19th A, pt. 4.. ........

W27... ...... .........

W28....... ...........

20th A, pt. 4. .........

W 35 tol59.. ...........

21st A,pt. 4.. .........

W 47 to 52.............

22dA,pt.4. ..........

W66, 66 - ...........

W75....... ...........

W82 to 85...... .......

W97tolOO............

W 124 to 135.. .........

W 165 to 178...........

W201to214...........

W241 to 252.... .......

W261 to 272.. .........

W 281 to 292...........

W301 to 312.. .........

W321to332...........

W 351 to 362.. .........

W381to394...........

W 401 to 414...........

W 431 to 444...........

W 451 to 464...........

W 471 to 484...........

Character of data.

.....do......................".....................................

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

(also similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

j unction with Kansas.

sissippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and 

western United States.

(also some long-time records).

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do............................. .... ....................

.....do.........................................................

Year.

1884 to Sept.,

1890. 

1884 to June 30,

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31,

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31,

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896.

1895 and 1896.

1897.

1897.

1897.

1898.

1898.

10QQ

1899.

1899. lonn

1900.

190J

1901.

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

1915.

1916.

1917.

1918.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published hi Water-Supply Paper 119. 

 The following table gives, by years and drainage basin, the numbers of papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 1918. 

The data for any particular station will be found in the reports 

covering the years during which the station was maintained. For 

example, data for 1902 to 1918 for any station in the area covered 

by Part III are published hi Water-Supply Papers 83, 98, 128, 169. 

205, 243, 263, 283, 303, 323, 353, 383, 403, 433, 453, and 473, which 

contain records for the Ohio River basin for those years.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m 

Year.

18990..... 

1900s..... 

1901.......

1902.......

1903.......

1904.......

1905.......

1906.......

1907-8..... 

1909.......

1910.......

1911.......

1912.......

1913.......

1914.......

1915.......

1916.......

1917.......

1918.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

basins 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35 

47. ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

» 124, o 125, 

P126 

» 165,° 166, 

P167 

» 201, o 202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431 

451 

471

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins 

(James 

River 

to the 

Mississippi).

635,36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

P 126, 127

P 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432 

452 

472

III

Ohio 

River 

basin.

36

48,* 49 

65,75 

83 

98

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433 

453 

473

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes 

basins.

36 

49 

65,75 

I 82, 83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434 

454 

474

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper 

Mississippi 

River 

basin.

36 

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,85 

*98,99,»»100 

* 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435 

455 

475

VI

Missouri 

River 

basin.

«36,37 

49,/50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130, q 131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436 

456 

476

VII

Lower 

Mississippi 

River 

basin.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,84 

*98,99 

* 128, 131

* 169, 173 

* 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407 

437 

457 

477

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438 

458 

478

o Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Tables of monthly discharge for 1899in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gaflatin River.

<* Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

« Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope basins.

9 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Tables 

of monthly discharge for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

* Wissahickon and SehuylMll rivers to James River.

< Scioto River.

i Loup and Platt

with Platte.

* Tributaries of M

i Lake Ontario an

tn Hudson Bay on

» New England ri

o Hudson River t

p Susqueh&nna R

3 Platte and Kans

r Great Basin in C

* Below junction 

* Rogue, Umpqua
GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. VII

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined by 

measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, aftd lake surfaces and local changes in name 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each tributary 

basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

In exception to this rule the records for Mississippi River are given 

in four parts, as indicated on page in, and the records for large lakes 

are taken up in order of streams around the rim of the lake.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The principal streams flowing into the Atlantic Ocean between St. 

John River, Maine-New Brunswick, and York River, Virginia, are 

the St. Croix, Machias, Union, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, 

Saco, Merrimack, Mystic, Blackstone, Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, 

Susquehanna, Potomac, and Rappahannock. The streams drain 

wholly or in part the States of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.

GAGING STATIONS.1

NOTE. Dash after date indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1918. Period after a 

date indicates discontinuance.

ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN.

St. John River near Dickey, Maine, 1910-11. 

St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine, 1905-1915. 

St. John River at Van Bttren, Maine, 1908-

Allagash River near Allagash, Maine, 1910-11.

St. Francis River at St. Francis, Maine, 1910-11.

Fish River at Wallagrass, Maine, 1903-1908; 1911.

Madawaska River at St. Rose du Degele, Quebec, 1910-11.

Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Maine, 1903-1910.

ST. CROIX RIVER BASIN.

St. Croix River near Woodland (Spragues Falls), Maine, 1902-1911. 

St. Croix River at Baring, Maine, 1914.

West Branch of St. Criox River at Baileyville, Maine, 1910-1912.

MACHIAS RIVEK BASIN.

Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, 1903-

1 St. John River to York River, inclusive.
VIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

TTNION EIVEB BASIN.

Union River, West Branch (head of Union River), at Amherst, Maine, 1909- 

Union River, West Branch, near Mariaville, Maine, 1909. 

Union River at Ellsworth, Maine, 1909.

East Branch of Union River near Waltham, Maine, 1909.

Webb Brook at Waltham, Maine, 1909.

Green Lake (head of Reeds Brook) at Green Lake, Maine, 1909-1912.

Reeds Brook (Green Lake Stream) at Lakewood, Maine, 1909-1913.

Branch Lake (head of Branch Lake Stream) near Ellsworth, Maine, 1909-1915.

Branch Lake Stream near Ellsworth, Maine, 1909-1914.

PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN.

Penobscot River,West Branch (head of Penobscot River), at Millinocket, Maine, 1901- 

Penobscot River, West Branch, near Medway, Maine, 1916- 

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, 1901- 

Penobscot River at Sunkhaze rips, near Costigan, Maine, 1899-1900. 

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grand Lake dam, Maine, 1912. 

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, 1902- 

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, 1902- 

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, 1902- 

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, 1915-

Cold Stream Pond (head of Cold Stream), Maine, 1900-1911 (record of opening

and closing of pond).

Cold Stream at Enfield, Maine, 1904-1906. 

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, 1908- 

Orland River:

Phillips Lake outlet near East Holden, Maine, 1904-1908.

ST. GEORGE RIVER BASIN.

St. George River at Union, Maine, 1913-14.

KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN.

Moose River (head of Kennebec River) near Rockwood, Maine, 1902-1908; 1910-1912. 

Moosehead Lake (on Kennebec River) at Greenville, Maine, 1903-1906 (stage only). 

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine (stage only), 1895- 

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, 1901- 

Kennebec River at Bingham, Maine, 1907-1910. 

Kennebec River at North Anson, Maine, 1901-1907. 

Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, 1892-

Kennebec River at Gardiner, Maine, 1785-1910 (record of opening and closing of 

navigation).

Roach River at Roach River, Maine, 1901-1908.

Dead River near The Forks, Maine, 1901-1907; 1910-

Carrabassett River at North Anson, Maine, 1901-1907.

Sandy River near Farmington, Maine, 1910-1915.

Sandy River near Madison, Maine, 1904-1908.

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine, 1908-

Messalonskee Stream at Waterville, Maine, 1903-1905.

Cobbosseecontee Lake (on Cobbosseecontee Stream), Maine, 1839-1911 (dates of 

opening and closing).

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine, 1890-1915.
GAGING STATIONS. IX

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN.

Rangeley Lake (head of Androscoggin River), Maine, 1879-1911 (dates of opening

and dosing).

Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H., 1905- 

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., 1913- 

Androscoggin River at Gorham, N. H., 1903 (fragmentary). 

Androscoggin River at Shelburne, N. H.» 1903-1907; 1910. 

Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, 1892-1903; 1905- 

Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Maine, 1902-1908.

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine, 1912-

Auburn Lake, Maine, 1890-1911 (date of opening).

Little Androscoggin River at Bisco Falls, near South Paris, Maine, 1913-

PRE8UMP8COT RIVER BASIN.

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, 1887-

SACO RIVER BASIN.

Saco River near Center Conway, N. H., 1903-1912. 

Saco River at Cornish, Maine, 1916- 

Saco River at West Buxton,.Maine, 1907- 

Oseipee River at Cornish, Maine, 1916-

MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN.

Pemigewasset River (head of Merrimack River) at Plymouth, N. H., 1886-1913. 

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., 1903- 

Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H., 1904-1915. 

Merrimack River at Lowell, Mass., 1848-1861; 1866-1916. 

Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., 1880-

Middle Branch of Pemigewasset River at North Woodstock, N. H., 1911-12.

Smith River near Bristol, N. H., 1918-

Lake Winnepesaukee at Lakeport, N. H., 1860-1911. (Stage only.)

Contoocook River at Elmwood, N. H., 1918-

Contoocook River at West Hopkinton, N. H., 1903-1907.

Blackwater River near Contoocook, N". H., 1918- 

Suncook River at North Chichester, N. H., 1918- 

Suncook River at East Pembroke, N. H., 1904-5. 

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., 1909- 

Nashua River:

South Branch of Nashua River, Clinton, Mass., 1896- 

Concord River at Lowell, Mass., 1901-1916.

Sudbury River at Framingham, Mass., 1875-

Lake Cochituate at Cochituate, Mass., 1863- 

MYSTIC RIVER BASIN.

Mystic Lake (on Mystic River) near Boston, Mass., 1878-1897.

CHARLES RIVER BASIN.

Charles River at Waltham, Mass., 1903-1909.

TAUNTON RIVER BASIN.

Matfield River (head of Taunton River) at Elmwood, Mass., 1909-10. 

Satucket River near Elmwood, Mass., 1909-10. 

498° 21 WSP 471 13
X SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

PROVIDENCE RIVER BASIN.

Providence River: 

Seekonk River:

Tenmile River near Rumford, R. I., 1909. 

Blackstone River at Woonsocket, R. I., 1904-5. 

Blackstone River at Albion, R. I., 1914-1916. 

Blackstone River at Berkeley, R. I., 1901-2.

Branch River at Branch Village, R. I., 1909-10; 1912-13. 

Woonasquatucket River at Olneyville, R. I., 1910.

PAWTUXET RIVER BASIN.

Pawtuxet River at Harris, R. I., 1909.

PAWCATUCK RIVER BASIN.

Pawcatuck River:

Wood River at Hope Valley, R. I., 1909-10.

THAMES RIVER BASIN.

Thames River:

Quinebaug River:

Shetucket River at Willimantic, Conn., 1904-5.

CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN.

Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H., 1917- 

Connecticut River at Orford, F. H., 1900- 

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., 1904- 

Connecticut River at Holyoke, Mass., 1880-1899. 

Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn., 1896-1908.

Israel River above South Branch, near Jefferson Highlands, N. H., 1903-1906. 

Israel River below South Branch, at Jefferson Highlands, N. H., 1903-1907. 

Passumpsic River at Pierce's nulls, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., 1909- 

Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt., 1903. 

Ammonoosuc River at Bretton Woods, N. H., 1903-1907. 

Zealand River near Twin Mountain, N. H., 1903-1907. 

Little River at Twin Mountain, N. H., 1904-5. 

White River at Sharon, Vt., 1903-1904; 1909-1913. 

White River at West Hartford, Vt., 1915- 

Ashuelot River at Winchester, N. H., 1903-1904. 

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H., 1907-1909; 1914- 

Millers River at Wendell Depot, Mass., 1909-1913. 

Millers River near Winchenden, Mass., 1916- 

Millers River at Erving, Mass., 1914-

Sip Pond Brook near Winchenden, Mass., 1916- 

Priest Brook near Winchenden, Mass., 1916- 

Otter River near Gardner, Mass., 1916-1917. 

East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass., 1916- 

Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., 1909-10; 1916- 

Deerfield River at Hoosac Tunnel, Mass., 1909-1913. 

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., 1913- 

Deerfield River at Shelburne Falls, Mass., 1907-1913. 

Deerfield River at Deerfield, Mass., 1904-5. 

Ware River (head of Chicopee River) at Ware, Mass., 1904-1911. 
GAGING STATIONS. XI

Connecticut River tributaries Continued. 

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., 1912-

Burnshirt River near Templeton, Mass., 1909.

Swift River at West Ware, Mass., 1910-

Quaboag River at West Warren, Mass., 1903-1907.

Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., 1909- 

Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., 1909- 

Westfield River at Russell, Mass., 1904-5. 

Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., 1914-

Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 1910-

West Branch of Westfield River at Chester, Mass., 1915.

Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., 1905-

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., 1910- 

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., 1913- 

Salmon River at Leesville, Conn., 1905-6.

HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN.

Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., 1913- 

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., 1912- 

Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn., 1900-1914.

Tenmile River at Dover Plains, N. Y., 1901-1903.

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., 1913-1916,

MIANUS RIVER BASIN.

Mianus River at Bedford, N. Y., 1903. 

Mianus River near Stamford, Conn., 1903.

BYRAM RIVER BASIN.

Byram River, West Branch (head of Byram River), near Port Chester, N. Y., 1903. 

Byram River at Pemberwick, Conn., 1903.

East Branch of Byram River near Greenwich, Conn., 1903. 

Middle Branch of Byram River near Riverville, Conn., 1903.

HUDSON RIVER BASIN.

Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1916- 

Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., 1907- 

Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y., 1907- 

Hudson River at Corinth, N. Y., 1904-1912. 

Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y., 1912- 

Hudson River at Fort Edward, N. Y., 1899-1908. 

Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y., 1890-

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1911-1917.

Indian Lake reservoir near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1900-

Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1912-1914; 1915-

Schroon Lake (on Schroon River) at Pottersville, N. Y., 1908-1911.

Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., 1907-

Schroon River at Warrensburg, N. Y., 1895-1902.

Sacandaga River at Wells, N. Y., 1907-1911.

Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y., 1911-

Sacandaga River at Northville, N. Y., 1907-1910.

Sacandaga River near Hadley, N. Y., 1907-1910.

Sacandaga River (at cable) at Hadley, N. Y., 1911-
XII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Hudson River tributaries Continued.

Sacandaga River at Union Bag & Paper Co.'s mill at Hadley, N. Y., 1909-1911.

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Whitehouse, N. Y., 1910.

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, near Wells, N. Y., 1911-1916. 

Batten Kill at Battenville, 1ST. Y., 1908. 

Fish Creek at Burgoyne, N. Y., 1905; 1908. 

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., 1910- 

Hoosic River at Buskirk, N. Y., 1903-1908. 

Mohawk River at Ridge Mills, near Rome, N. Y., 1898-1900. 

Mohawk River at Utica, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Mohawk River at Little Falls, N. Y., 1898-1909; 1912. 

Mohawk River at Rocky Rift dam, near Indian Castle, 1ST. Y., 1901. 

Mohawk River at Tribes Hill, N. Y., 1912. 

Mohawk River at Schenectady, N. Y., 1899-1901. 

Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., 1913- 

Mohawk River at Dunsbach Ferry, N. Y., 1898-1909. 

Mohawk River at Crescent Dam, N. Y., 1918-

Ninemile Creek at Stittville, N. Y., 1898-99.

Oriskany Creek at Coleman, N. Y., 1904-1906.

Oriskany Creek at Wood-road bridge, near Oriskany, N. Y., 1901-1904.

Oriskany Creek at State dam, near Oriskany, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Saquoit Creek at New York Mills, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Nail Creek at Utica, N. Y., 1904.

Reels Creek near Deerfield, N. Y., 1901-1904.

Reels Creek at Utica, N. Y., 1901-2.

Johnson Brook at Deerfield, N. Y., 1903-1905.

Starch Factory Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906. 

Graefenberg Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906. 

Sylvan Glen Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906.

West Canada Creek at Wilmurt, N. Y., 1912-13.

West Canada Creek at Twin Rock bridge, near Trenton Falls, N. Y., 1900-1909.

West Canada Creek at Poland, N. Y., 1913.

West Canada Creek at Middleville, N. Y., 1898-1901.

West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, N. Y., 1905-1909; 1912-13.

East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, N. Y., 1898-1909; 1912.

Caroga Creek 3 miles above junction with Mohawk River, N. Y., 1898-99.

Cayadutta Creek at Johnstown, N. Y., 1899-1900.

Schoharie Creek at Prattsville, N. Y., 1902-1913.

Schoharie Creek at Schoharie Falls, above Mill Point, N. Y., 1900-1901.

Schoharie Creek at Mill Point, N. Y., 1900-1903.

Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, N. Y., 1898-1901.

Schoharie Creek at Erie Canal aqueduct, below Fort Hunter, N. Y., 1900.

Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y., 1913-1916. 

Quacken Kill at Quacken Kill, N. Y., 1894. 

Normans Kill at Frenchs Mill, N. Y., 1891.

Kinderhook Creek at Wilsons dam, near Garfield, N. Y., 1892-1894. 

Kinderhook Creek at East Nassau, N. Y., 1892-1894. 

Kinderhook Creek at Rossman, N. Y., 1906-1909; 1911-1914. 

Catskill Creek at South Cairo, N. Y., 1901-1907. 

Esopus Creek at Olivebridge, N. Y., 1903-4. 

Esopus Creek near Olivebridge, N. Y., 1906-1913. 

Esopus Creek at Kingston, N. Y., 1901-1909. 

Esopus Creek at Mount Marion, N. Y., 1907-1913.
GAGING STATIONS. XIII

Hudson River tributaries Continued.

Rondout Creek at Rosendale, N. Y., 1901-1903; 1906-1913.

Diversion to Delaware and Hudson canal at Rosendale, N. Y., 1901-1903;

1906.

WallHll River at Newpaltz, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Wappinger Creek at Wappinger Falls, N. Y., 1903-1905. 

FishMll Creek at Glenham, N. Y, 1901-1903. 

Foundry Brook at Cold Spring, N. Y., 1902-3. 

Croton River at Croton dam, near Croton Lake, N. Y., 1870-1899.

PASSAIC RIVER BASIN.

Passaic River at Millington, N. J., 1903-1906. 

Passaic River near Chatham, N. J., 1902-1911. 

Passaic River at Two Bridges (Mountain View), N. J., 1901-1903. 

Rockaway River at Boonton, N. J., 1903-4. 

Pompton River at Pompton Plains, N. J., 1903-4. 

Pompton River at Two Bridges (Mountain View), N. J., 1901-1903. 

Ramapo River near Mahwah, N. J., 1903-1906; 1908. 

Wanaque River at Wanaque, N. J., 1903-1905.

RARITAN RIVER BASIN.

Raritan River, South Branch (head of Raritan River), at Stanton, N. J., 1903-1906. 

Raritan River at Finderne, N. J., 1903-1907. 

Raritan River at Boundbrook, N. J., 1903-1909.

North Branch of Raritan River at Pluckemin, N. J., 1903-1906.

Millstone River at Millstone, N. J., 1903-4.

DELAWARE RIVER BASIN.

Delaware River, East Branch (head of Delaware River), at Fish Eddy, N. Y., 1912- 

Delaware River, East Branch, at Hancock, N. Y., 1902-1912. 

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., 1904- 

Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J., 1906- 

Delaware River at Lambertville, N. J., 1897-1908.

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., 1913-

West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., 1912-

West Branch of Delaware River at Hancock, N. Y., 1902-1912.

Mongaup River near Rio, N. Y., 1909-1913.

Neversink River at Godeffroy, N. Y., 1903; 1909-10; 1911-1914.

Neversink River at Port Jervis, N. Y., 1902-3.

Paulins Kill at Columbia, N. J., 1908-9.

Lehigh River at South Bethlehem, Pa., 1902-1905; 1909-1913.

Lehigh River at Easton, Pa., 1909.

Musconetcong River at Asbury, N. J., 1903.

Musconetcong River near Bloomsbury, N. J., 1903-1907.

Tohickon Creek at Point Pleasant, Pa., 1883-1889; 1901-1913.

Neshaminy Creek below Forks, Pa., 1884-1913.

Schuylkill River near Philadelphia, Pa., 1898-1912. 

Perkiomen Creek near Frederick, Pa., 1884-1913. 

Wissahickon Creek near Philadelphia, Pa., 1897-1902; 1905-6.

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN.

Susquehanna River at Colliersville, N. Y., 1907-8. 

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., 1912- 

Susquehanna River at Binghamton, N. Y., W01-1912.
XIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Susquehanna River at Wysox, Pa., 1908-9. 

Susquehanna River at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Susquehanna River at Danville, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., 1891-1913. 

Susquehanna River at McCall Ferry, Pa., 1902-1909. 

Chenango River at South Oxford, N. Y., 1903. 

Chenango River near Greene, N. Y., 1908. 

Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., 1912- 

Chenango River at Binghamton, N. Y., 1901-1912. 

Eaton Brook, Madison County, N. Y., 1835. 

Madison Brook, Madison County, N. Y., 1835. 

Tioughnioga River at Chenango Forks, N. Y., 1903. 

Cayuta Creek at Waverly, N. Y., 1898-1902. (Data in Water-Supply Paper 1093

only.)

Chemung River at Chenmng, N. Y., 1903- (Data for period prior to 1905 published in Water-Supply Paper 109.) 

Cohocton River near Campbell, N. Y., 1918-

Mud Creek at Savona, N. Y., 1918- 

Tioga River near Erwins, N. Y., 1918-

West Branch of Susquehanna River at Williamsport, Pa.. 1895-1913. 

West Branch of Susquehanna River at Allenwood, Pa., 1899-1902. 

Juniata River at Newport, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Broad Creek at Mill Green, Md., 1905-1909. 

Octoraro Creek at Rowlandsville, Md., 1896-1899. 

Deer Creek near Churchville, Md., 1905-1909.

GUNPOWDER RIVER BASIN.

Gunpowder Falls atGlencoe, Md., 1905-1909.

Little Gunpowder Falls near Belair, Md., 1905-1909.

PATAPSCO RIVER BASIN.

Patapsco River at Woodstock, Md., 1896-1909.

PATUXENT RIVER BASIN.

Patuxent River near Burtonsvijle, Md., 1911-12; 1913- 

Patuxent River at Laurel, Md., 1896-1898.

POTOMAC RIVER BASIN.

Potomac River, North Branch (head of Potomac River), at Piedmont, W. Va., 1899-

1906.

Potomac River, North Branch, at Cumberland, Md., 1894-1897. 

Potomac River at Great Cacapon, W. Va., 1895. 

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md., 1895- 

Potomac River at Great FaUs, Md., 1886-1891. 

Potomac River at Chain Bridge, near Washington, D. C., 1892-1895.

Savage River at Bloomington, Md., 1905-6.

Georges Creek at Westernport, Md., 1905-6.

Wills Creek near Cumberland, Md., 1905-6.

South Branch of Potomac River near Springfield, W. Va., 1894-1896; 1899-1906.

Opequan Creek near Martinsburg, W. Va., 1905-6. 

Tuscarora Creek at Martinsburg, W. Va., 1905.

Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Md., 1897-1905.
GAGING STATIONS. XV

Potomac River tributaries Continued.

North River (head of South Fork of Shenandoah River, which is continuation of

main stream) at Port Republic, Va., 1895-1899. 

South Fork of Shenandoah River near Front Royal, Va., 1899-1906. 

Shenandoah River at Millville, W. Va., 1895-1909.

Cooks Creek at Mount Crawford, Va., 1905-6.

Middle River:

Lewis Creek near Staunton, Va., 1905-6.

South River at Basic City, Va., 1905-6.

South River at Port Republic, Va., 1895-1899.

Elk Run at Elkton, Va., 1905-6.

Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Va., 1905-6.

North Fork of Shenandoah River near Riverton, Va., 1899-1906. 

Passage Creek at Buckton, Va., 1905-6. 

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., 1896- 

Goose Creek near Leesburg, Va., 1909-1912. 

Rock Creek at Zoological Park, D. C., 1897-1900. 

Rock Creek at Lyons Mill, D. C., 1892-1894. 

Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va., 1913-1916.

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN.

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va., 1907-
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF NORTH ATLANTIC COAST.1 

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at price noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by G. W." Rafter. 1899. 99 

pp., 13 pis. 15c.

Describes the principal rivers of New York and their more important tributaries, and jives 

data on temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and stream flow.

*25. Water resources of the State of New York, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 

100pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Contains discussion of water storage projects on Genesee and Hudson rivers, power development at Niagara Falls, descriptions and early history of State canals, and a chapter on the use 

and value of the water power of the streams and canals; also brief discussion of the water 

yields of sand areas of Long Island.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11, 

pis. 15c.

Gives elevations and distances along rivers of the United States, also brief descriptions of 

many of the streams, including St. Croix, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, Saco, Merrimack, Connecticut, Housatonic, Hudson, Mohawk, Delaware, Lehigh, SchuylMU, Susquehanna, Juniata, Potomac, and James rivers.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (NebraskaWyoming), by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. Revised edition published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 149 (q. v.).

*69. Water powers of the State of Maine, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 124 pp., 14 pis. 

20c.

Discusses briefly the geology and forests of Maine and in somewhat greater detail the drainage 

areas, lake storage, and water powers of the St. Croix, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, 

Presumpscot, Saco, and St. John rivers, and the minor coastal streams; mentions also developed 

tidal powers.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. 0". Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the water of Raritan, Passaic, and 

Hudson rivers and their tributaries and the damage resulting from pollution.

76. Observations on the flow of rivers in the vicinity of New York City, by H. A. 

Pressey. 1903. 108 pp., 13 pis. 15c.

Describes methods of measuring stream flow in open channels and under ice, and the quality 

of the river water as determined by tests of turbidity, color, alkalinity, and permanent hardness. The streams considered are Catskill, Esopus, Rondout, and FishMll creeks, and WallMll, 

Tenmile, and Housatonic rivers.

1 For stream-measurement reports see tables on pages IV, V, VI. 

XVI
PUBLICATIONS. XVII

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. O. Leighton. 

1903. 192 pp. lOc.

Defines essential qualifies of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and underground waters, the meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, and the principal sources of 

pollution; chiefly "a review of the more readily available records" of examination of water 

supplies derived from streams in the Merrimack, Connecticut, Housatonic, Delaware, and 

Ohio River basins; contains many analyses.

88. The Passaic flood of 1902, by G. B. HoUister and M. O. Leighton. 1903. 56pp. 

15 pis. 15c.

Describes the topography of the area drained by the Passaic and its principal tributaries; 

discusses flood flow and losses caused by the floods, and makes comparison with previous floods; 

suggests construction of dam at Mountain View to control flood flow. See also No. 92.

92. The Passaic flood of 1903, by M. O. Leighton. 1904. 48 pp., 7 pis. 5c. 

Discusses flood damages and preventive measures. See No. 88.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on the wells and springs of the New England States and New York. 

The reports comprise tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, material penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. Superseded by 152. 

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution.

106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom. 1904. 75 

pp., 4 pis. 5c.

Describes the physiography, stratigraphic geology, rainfall, streams, ponds, springs, deep and 

artesian wells, and public water supplies of the area mapped on the Germantown, Norristown, 

Philadelphia, and Chester atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey; compares quality 

of Delaware and SchuylMll River waters.

108. Quality of water in the Susquehanna Eiver drainage basin, by M. O. Leighton, 

with an introductory chapter on physiographic features, by G. B. Hollister. 

1904. 76 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

109. Hydrography of the Susquehanna Eiver drainage basin, by J. C. Hoyt and R. H. 

Anderson. 1905. 215 pp., 29 pis. 25c.

The scope of No. 108 is sufficiently indicated byits title. No. 109 describes the physicalfeatures 

of the area drained by the Susquehanna and its tributaries, contains the results of measurements 

of flow at the gaging stations, and discusses precipitation, floods, low water, and water power.

*110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports on water resources, surface and underground, of districts in the North 

Atlantic slope drainage basins, as shown by the following list:

Drilled wells of the Triassic area of the Connecticut Valley, by W. H. C. Pynchon.

Triassic rocks of the Connecticut Valley as a source of water supply, by M. L. Fuller. Scope 

indicated by title.

Water resources of the Taeonic quadrangle, New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont, by F. B. 

Taylor. Discusses rainfall, drainage, water powers, lakes and ponds, underground waters, and 

mineral springs; also quality of spring water as indicated by chemical and sanitary analyses of 

Sand Spring, near Williamstown.

Water resources of the WatMns Glen quadrangle, New York, by Ralph S. Tarr. Discusses 

the use of the surface and underground waters for municipal supplies and their quality as indicated by examination of Sixmile and Fall creeks, and sanitary analyses of well water at IthacaWater resources of the central and southwestern highlands of New Jersey, by Laurence La 

Forge. Treats of population, industries, climate, and soils, lakes, ponds, swamps and rivers, 

mineral springs (with analyses), water power, and the Morris canal; present and prospective 

sources and quality of municipal supplies.

Water resources of the Chambersburg and Mercersburg quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by George 

W. Stose. Describes streams and springs.

Water resources of the Curwensville, Patton, Ebensburg, and Barnesboro quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by F. G. Clapp. Treats briefly of surface and underground waters and their use for 

municipal supplies; gives analyses of waters at Cresson Springs.

Water resources of the Accident and Grantsville quadrangles, Maryland, by G. C. Martin.

Water resources of the Frostburg and Flintstone quadrangles, Maryland and West Virginia, 

by G. C. Martin.
XVIH SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge, 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports on water supplies of the North Atlantic States as follows:

Maine, by W. 8. Bayley.

New Hampshire, by M. L. Fuller.

Vermont, by G. H. Perkins.

Massachusetts and Rhode Island, by W. O. Crosby.

Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory.

New York, by F. B. Weeks.

New Jersey, by G. N. Knapp.

Pennsylvania, by M. L. Fuller.

Delaware, by N. H. Barton.

Maryland, by N. H. Barton and M. L. Fuller.

District of Columbia, by N. H. Barton and M. L. Fuller.

Virginia, by N. H. Barton and M. L. Fuller.

Each of these reports discusses the resources of the public and private water supplies and 

related subjects, and gives list of pertinent publications; mineral springs are listed and sales of 

mineral water are teported.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Cites legislative acts relating to ground waters in New Jersey.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c. 

Contains chapter on measurement of rate of underflow on Long Island, N. Y.

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Biscusses common salt in coast an din land waters, salt as an index to pollution of streams and 

wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normal 

chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New York.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains several brief reports relating chiefly to areas in the North Atlantic slope drainage 

basins, as follows:

Water resources of the Poitsmouth-York region, New Hampshire and Maine, by George Otis 

Smith. Gives results of investigations made for the War Bepartment to determine water supplies available for forts at mouth of harbor.

Water supply from glacial gravels near Augusta, Maine, by George Otis Smith. Beseiibes 

the Silver Lake system of ponds near Augusta and the series of springs at the head of Spring 

Brook.

Water resources of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles, West Virginia, Maryland, and 

Pennsylvania, by George W. Stose and George C. Martin. Bescribes rocks, springs, and streams 

in the areas at the northernmost bend of the Potomac; discusses history of development, character 

of water (with analysis), flow, and origin of Berkeley Springs.

Water of a, gravel-filled valley near Tully, N. Y., by George B. Hollister. Bescribes character 

of the sands and gravels, the volume of the springs issuingfrom them, deposits of tufa, the waters 

of the lakes, and the composition of the spring and lake waters; analyses.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 206 

pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Bescribes floods on Susquehanna and Mohawk rivers and near Johnstown, Pa.

*149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149pp. lOc. 

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution.
PUBLICATIONS. XIX

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

New York, by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due toiainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

 temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, 

irrigation, dams, underground-water developments, and to indeterminate causes.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods in North Atlantic slope drainage basins as follows: Flood on 

PoquonnockRiver, Connecticut, by T. W. Norcross; flood on the Unadilla and Chenango rivers, 

New York, by R. E. Horton and C. C. Covert; also estimates of flood discharge and frequency 

on Kennebec, Androscoggin, Merrimack, Connecticut, Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, Delaware, 

Susquehanna, and Potomac livers; gives index to literature on floods on American streams.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, with a history of the sewagedisposal problem, by C.-E. A. Window and E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 

25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewage and sewage-disposal 

practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character of crude sewage at 

Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in.septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*192. The Potomac River basin (Geographic history; rainfall and stream flow; pollution, typhoid fever, and character of water; relation of soils and forest 

cover to quality and quantity of surface water; effect of industrial wastes 

on fishes), by H. N. Parker, Bailey Willis, R. H. Bolster, W. W. Ashe, and 

M. C. Marsh. 1907. 364 pp., 10 pis. 60c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*198. Water resources of the Kennebec River basin, Maine, by H. K. Barrows, with a 

section on the quality of Kennebec River water, by G. C. Whipple. 1907. 

235 pp., 7 pis. 30c.

Describes physical characteristics and geology of the basin, the flow of the streams, evaporation, floods, developed and undeveloped water powers, water storage, log driving, and lumbering; under quality of water discusses effect of tides, pollution, and the epidemic of typhoid 

fever in 1902-3; contains gazetteer of rivers, lakes, and ponds.

*223. Underground waters of southern Maine, by F. G. Clapp, with records of deepwells, by W. S. Bayley. 1909. 268 pp., 24 pis. 55c.

Describes physiography, rivers, water-bearing rocks, amount, source, and temperature of the 

ground waters, recovery of waters by springs, collecting galleries and tunnels, and wells; discusses well-drilling methods, municipal water supplies, and the chemical composition of the 

ground waters; gives details for each county.

232. Underground-water resources of Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory, with a study of 

the occurrence of water in crystalline rocks, by E. E. Ellis. 1909. 200 pp., 

5 pis. 20c.

Describes physiographic features, drainage, forests, climate, population and industries, and 

rocks; circulation, amount, temperature, and contamination of ground water; discusses the 

ground waters of the crystalline rocks, the Triassic sandstones and traps, and the glacial drift; the 

quality of the ground waters (with analyses); well construction; temperature, Tolume, character, 

uses, and production of spring waters.

*236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridan, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of water s of Androscoggin, 

Hudson, Raritan, Delaware, Susquehanna, Lehigh, Potomac, and Shenandoah rivers.
XX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains four brief reports pertaining especially to districts in the North Atlantic slope drainage area:

Occurrence and composition of well waters in the slates of Maine, by F. G. Clapp. Analyses.

Occurrence and composition of well waters in the granites of New England, by F. G. Clapp. 

Discusses proportion of successful wells and water supply and depth. Analyses.

Composition of mineral springs in Maine, by F. G. Clapp.

Saline artesian waters of the Atlantic Costal Plain, by Samuel Sanford

Underground waters near Manassas, Va., by F. G. Clapp.

279. Water resources of the Penobscot River basin, Maine, by H. K. Barrows, and 

C. C. Babb. 1912. 285 pp., 19 pis. 65c.

Describes the topography, drainage, geology, forests, population, industries, transportation 

lines, and precipitation in the basin; gives results of investigations of stream flow at gaging 

stations; discusses relation of run-off to precipitation, evaporation, floods, low water, developed, 

and undeveloped water powers, storage, log driving, and lumbering; contains gazetteer of rivers, 

lakes, and ponds.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp.

Contains analyses of spring and well waters in Maine, District of Columbia, and Virginia.

374. Ground water in the Hartford, Stamford, Salisbury, Willimantic, and Saybrook 

areas, Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory and A. J. Ellis. 1916. 150 pp., 

13 pis. 30c.

Describes occurrence of ground water, methods of developing, and requirements for municipal 

use. Gives, by towns, a description of the surface and ground water and of the public water 

supply, and records of wells and springs.

397. Ground water in the Waterbury area, Connecticut, by A. J. Ellis, under direction 

of H. E. Gregory. 1916. 73 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Describes the geology of the area, the occurrence of ground water, its use for private and 

municipal supply, and methods of developing. Discusses under towns the population andindustries, topography, water-bearing formations, surface and ground water, and public supplies, 

and gives records of wells and springs.

415. Surface waters of Massachusetts, by C. H. Pierce and H. J. Dean. 1916. 433 

pp., 12 pis. 45c.

A compilation of available stream-flow data, including the classic records collected on the 

Merrimack at Lowell and Lawrence, on the Connecticut at Holyoke, and on the Cochituate at 

Sudbury by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board, as well as records covering shorter 

periods; prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Contains a gazetteer of streams, lakes, and ponds.

424. Surface waters of Vermont, by C. H. Pierce. 1917. 218 pp., 14 pis.

A compilation of available stream-flow data; pi eparedin cooperation with the Commonwealth 

of Vermont. Contains a gazetteer of streams, lakes, and ponds.

AWNTTAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. c.

**Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884-85, J. W.Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxix, 570pp., 65 pis. Cloth $2.00. Contains:

* Seacoast swamps of the eastern United States, by N.S.Shaler. pp. 353-398. Describes the 

coast swamps of New England; discusses economic problems connected with marine swamps; 

gives a detailed account of selected areas of salt marsh lands, and a list of the principal areas of 

salt marshes between Hudson River and Portland, Maine.

*Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-89, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1890. 2 parts. *Pt. I Geology, xv, 774 pp., 98 pis. Cloth $2.35. 

Contains:

* General account of the fresh-water morasses of the United States, with a description of the 

Dismal Swamp district of Virginia and North Carolina, by N. S. Shaler, pp. 255-339, Pis. 6 to 

19. Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS. XXI

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. Cloth $2.10. Contains:

* The potable waters of the eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses 

cistern water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Professional papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an asterisk may, 

however, be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professional 

papers are of quarto size.

*44. Underground-water resources of Long Island, N. Y., by A. C. Veatch, C. S. 

Slichter, Isaiah Bowman, W. 0. Crosby, and R. E. Horton. 1906. 394 pp., 

34 pis. $1.25.

Describes the geologic formations, the source of the ground waters, and requisite conditions 

for flowing wells; the springs, streams, ponds, and lakes} artesian and deep wells; fluctuation 

of ground-water table; blowing wells; waterworks; discusses measurements of velocity of underflow, the results of sizing and filtration tests, and the utilization of stream waters; gives well 

records and notes (with chemical analyses) concerning representative wells.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT or DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*138. Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Darton. 

1896. 232 pp., 19 pis.

Describes the general geologic structure of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region and summarizes 

the conditions affecting subterranean water in the Coastal Plain; discusses the general geologic 

relations in New York, southern New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and eastern Georgia; gives for each of the States a list of 

the deep wells and discusses well prospects. The notes on the wells that follow the tabulated 

lists contain many well sections and analyses of the waters.

*264. Record of deep well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Khode Island, and Virginia, and detailed records of wells at Pleasantville and Atlantic 

Highlands, N. J., and Tully, N. Y. These wells were selected because they give definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samu'el Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 

New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ehode Island, Vermont, and Virginia, and detailed 

records of wells in Newcastle County, Del.; Cumberland County, Maine; Anne Arundel, St. 

Mary, and Talbot counties, Md.; Hampshire County, Mass.; MonmouthCounty, N. J., Saratoga 

County, N. Y.; and Lycoming and Somerset counties, Pa. The wells of which detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

*531. Contributions to economic geology, 1911, Part II, Mineral fuels; M. R. Campbell, geologist in charge. 1913. 361 pp. 24 pis. 45c.

Issued also in separate chapters. The following papers contain information on ground water.

*(d) Geologic structure of the Punxsutawney, Curwensville, Houtzdale, Barnesboro, and 

Patton quadrangles, central Pennsylvania, by G. H. Ashley and M. E. Campbell (pp. 69-89, 

Pis. VII-VIII). Discusses the geologic structure of the five quadrangles named and includes a 

map showing structure contours. It contains a brief statement in regard to shallow and deep 

wells and artesian prospects (pp. 88-89). The ground water in the Barnesboro and Patton quadrangles is also briefly described in Geologic Folio 189, and the ground water in these two quadrangles and in the Curwensville quadrangle is briefly described in Water-Supply Paper 110.
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians 

and parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 2 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and 

valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The arealgeology map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structuralgeology map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The 

economic-geology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. The artesian-water maps show the depth to underground-water 

horizons. Economic-geology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the 

conditions in the areas mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special 

interest to students of geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization of mineral resources.

Folios 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 22 inches), called 

the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in the Geological 

Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or less damaged 

by fire and water, but the folios that are usable are sold at the uniform price of 

5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale orders. This rate applies to folios 

in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), also to the library edition of Folio 

186. The library edition of Folios 185, 187, and higher numbers sells for 25 cents 

a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually large amount of matter 

sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of Folio 185 and higher numbers sell for 

50 cents a copy, except Folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a copy. A discount of 

40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic 

maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted.

*13. Fredericksburg, Virginia-Maryland. 1894. 5c.

*23. Nomini, Maryland-Virginia. 1896. 5c.

*70. Washington, District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia. 1901.

*83. New York City (Paterson, Harlem, Staten Island, and Brooklyn quadrangles), 

New York-New Jersey. 1902.

Discusses the present and future water supply of New York City.

*136. St. Marys, Maryland-Virginia. 1906. 5c.

Discusses artesian wells.

*137. Dover, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey. 1906. 5c.

Describes the shallow and deep wells used as sources of water supply; gives section of well at 

Middletown, Del.

2 Index maps showing areas in the North Atlantic slope basins covered by topographic maps and by 

geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIII

*149. Penobscot Bay, Maine. 1907. 5c.

Describes the wells and springs; gives analysis of spring water from North Bluehill.

152. Patuxent, Maryland-District of Columbia. 1907. 5c.

Discusses the springs, shallow wells, and artesian wells.

*157. Passaic, New Jersey-New York. 1908.

Discusses the underground water of the quadrangle, including the cities of Newark, Hoboken, 

Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Passaic, Plainfield, Rahway, and Perth Amboy, and a portion 

of the city of New York; gives a list of the deep borings in the New Jersey portion of the quadrangle, and notes concerning wells on Staten Island, Long Island, Hofbnan Island, and Governors Island.

158. Rockland, Maine. 1908. 5c.

Describes the water supply in Knox County, Maine, of which Rockland is the principal city; 

discusses the water obtained [from wells drilled in limestone and granite, and the city water 

supply of Camden, Rockport, Rockland, and Thomaston.

*160. Accident-Grantsville, Maryland-Pennsylvania-West Virginia. 1908. 5c.

Under "Mineral Resources" the folio describes Youghiogheny and Castleman rivers, Savage 

River, and Georges Creek, and the spring waters; notes possibility of obtaining artesian water.

*161. Franklin Furnace, New Jersey. 1908.

Describes the streams, water powers, and ground waters of a district in northwestern New 

Jersey, mainly in Sussex County but including also a small part of Morris County; gives tabulated list of water powers and of bored wells.

*162. Philadelphia (Norristown, Germantown, Chester, and Philadelphia quadrangles), Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware. 1909.

Describes the underground waters of the Piedmont Plateau and the Coastal Plain and gives 

a tabulated list of wells; discusses the water supply of Philadelphia and Camden, also suburban towns; gives analysis of filtered water of Pickering Creek.

*167. Trenton, New Jersey-Pennsylvania.3 1909. 5c.

Describes streams tributary to Raritan and Delaware rivers (including estimates of capacity 

with and without storage) and the springs and wells; discusses also the public water supply of 

Trenton and suburban towns.

169. Watkins Glen-Catatonk, New York. 1909. 5c.

Describes the rivers, which include tributaries of the Susquehanna and the St. Lawrence, the 

lakes and swamps, and, under "Economic geology, "springs and shallow and deep wells; discusses also water supply at Ithaca.

*170. Mercersburg-Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.4 1909. 5c.

Describes the underground waters, including limestone springs, sandstone springs, and 

wells, and mentions briefly the sources of the water supplies of the principal towns.

182. Choptank, Maryland. 1912.4 5c.

The Choptank quadrangle includes the entire width of Chesapeake Bay and portions of many

189. Barnesboro-Patton, Pennsylvania. 1913. 25c.

Discusses the water supply of various towns in the quadrangle.

191. Raritan, New Jersey.5 1914.

Discusses briefly the surface and ground waters of the quadrangle, the quality, and the utilization of streams lor power; gives analysis of water from Raritan River and from Schooley Mountain Spring near Hackettstown.

192. Eastport, Maine. 1914. 25c.

Includes brief account of the water supply of the quadrangle and of the utilization of streams 

for power.

204. Tolchester, Maryland. 1917. 25c. 

Discusses shallow and artesian wells.

3 Octavo edition only.

* Issued in two editions library (18 by 22 inches) and octavo (6 by 9 inches). Specify edition desired, 

s Issued in two editions library (18 by 22 inches), 25c., and octavo (6 by 9 inches), 50c. Specify 

edition desired.
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I. 

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources 

of various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining 

to the North Atlantic States are the reports of the Maine State Water 

Storage Commission (Augusta), the New Hampshire Forestry Commission (Concord), the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board 

(Boston, Mass.), the New York State Water-Supply Commission 

(Albany), the New York State Conservation Commission (Albany), 

the New York State engineer and surveyor (Albany), the various 

commissions on water supply of New York City, the Geological 

Survey of New Jersey (Trenton), State boards of health, and the 

Tenth Census (vol. 16).

The following reports deserve special mention:

Water power of Maine, by Walter Wells, Augusta, 1869.

Hydrology of the State of New York, by G. W. Rafter: New York State Museum 

Bull. 85,1905.

Hydrography of Virginia, by N. C. Grover and R. H. Bolster: Virginia Geol. Survey 

Bull. 3, 1906.

Underground-water resources of the Coastal Plain province of Virginia, by Samuel 

Sanford: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 5, 1913.

Surface water supply of Virginia, by G. C. Stevens: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 

10, 1916.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

commissions, and most of them can be consulted in the public libraries 

of the larger cities.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports that are not readily classifiable 

by drainage basins and that cover a wide range of hydrologic investigations :

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. lOc. (See WaterSupply Paper 22.) 

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, compares wheels of several types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives resume" of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and 

describes American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications 

relating to sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill: Its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis.

*42. The windmill: Its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E.G. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream flow 

and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and 

porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of underground water; surface and deep zones 

of flow, and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and 

position of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing wells; describes 

artesian wells at Savannah, Ga. 

498° 21 WSP 471 14 xxv
XXVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c.

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest:

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Boss.

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien.

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs.

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner.

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. lippincott.

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas H. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Sirrvey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. See also No. 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy.

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

*110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by its 

title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from 

notes furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiments relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie.

113. The disposal of strawboawl and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes the 

manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region about 

Marion, Ind., and the contamination of rock wells and of streams by wasts oil and brine.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential condition of artesian flows 

and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and 

J. C. Hoyt. 1905f. 115 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Contains results of surveys made to determine location of undeveloped power sites.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B, D. Wood. 1905, 253 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title, 
PUBLICATION'S. XXVII

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by 0. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Rio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Calif., and on Long Island, N. Y.; gives results 

of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage weEs, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan.

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller.

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of techincal 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 206 

pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and area of cross section.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title. i

151. Field assay of water, by M. 0. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Dicusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness, in connection with studies of the quality of water in various parts of 

the United States.
XXVIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*160. Underground -water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905, lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents 

on streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp., 

2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from 

acid-iron wastes, and other processes for disposal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis. 5c.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary district of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, by 

E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 

91 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIX

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under 

the direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, 

by M. 0. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; Denudation, by R. B. Dole, and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas,by H.N. 

Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

*236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I. Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Ren6 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. I5c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to 

the development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French parliament; reviews work 

of bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture, and gives re'sume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c. 

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, 

relative cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells and cisterns.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of 

underground water and artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history 

of well drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods 

and the machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well 

waters and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of 

sinking wells.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. 

Clapp, with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. 

Dole. 1912. 228 pp., 9 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, 

the source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details by 

counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, or 

medicinal uses, methods of purification, and chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays. The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 254 (The 

underground waters of north-central Indiana).

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation.

280. Gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey, 1888- 

1910, and Survey publications relating to water resources, compiled by 

B. D. Wood. 1912. 102 pp. lOc.
XXX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 

8 pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water and municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis. 

20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 pis. 

15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

*(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-66. 5c. Scope indicated by title.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing recording and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis. Contains:

(c) Relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(f) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining stream-flow records, by C. H. 

Pierce, pp. 131-139.

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. Contains:

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

*(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by Raymond C. Pierce, pp. 39-51. 

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur 

J. Ellis. 1917. 39 pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod 

for locating underground water.

*425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1917. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1918. Contains:

(c) Hydraulic conversion tables and convenient equivalents, pp. 71-94. 1917.

427. Bibliography and index of the publications of the United States Geological 

Survey relating to ground water, by 0. E. Meinzer. 1918. 169 pp., 1 pi.

Includes publications prepared, in whole or part, by the Geological Survey that treat any 

phaseofthesubjectofgroundwateror any subject directly applicable to ground water. Illustrated by maps showing reports that cover specific areas more or less thoroughly.
PUBLICATIONS. XXXl 

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monon 

gahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate, population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Noliehueky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, YadMn, New, and Monongahela rivers.

*86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on 

experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 

3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Calif., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream's slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the de'bris."

A highly technical report.

105. Hydraulic mining debris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 1917. 154 

pp., 34 pis.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular study 

be made of portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys affected by detritus from torrential streams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of the subject, 

traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining of earlier decades, the similar 

effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the erosion of the soil, 

and the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now carrying heavy loads of 

de'bris.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as 

available.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106 pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

1908. 44 pp., 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water, and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting 

values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica 

In river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. 

Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.
XXXII SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET I.

*616. The data of geochemistry (third edition), by F. W. Clarke. 1916. 821 pp. 

45c.

Earlier editions were published as Bulletins 330 and 491. Contains a discussion of the statement and interpretation of water analyses and a chapter on "Mineral wells and springs" (pp. 

179-216). Discusses the definition and classification of mineral waters, changes in the composition of water, deposits of calcareous, ocherous and siliceous materials made by water, vadose 

and juvenile waters, and thermal springs in relation to volcanism. Describes the different 

kinds of ground water and gives typical analyses. Includes a brief bibliography of papers containing water analyses.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlain, pp. 125 to 

173, PL 21. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. *Pt. II Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 363-561, Pis. 107 to 146. See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American Irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, C. E., pp. 101-349, Pis. Ill to 146. Discusses the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives 

brief history and legislation; describes canals; discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894). 2 parts. *Pt. II Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of the eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses 

cistern water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, Pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II Papers chiefly of a theoretic nature, v. 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, Pis. 

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks; the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through rigid porous media and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth 

of rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

""Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, PI. 

17. Scope indicated by title.
INDEX BY AKEAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A-Annual Reports; M= Monograph; B= Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W= Water-Supply Paper; 

GF-= Geologic folio. For titles see preceding pages.]

Artesian waters: Essential conditions................. A 5; B 319; P 44; W 67, 114

BibUographies 1 ................................................ W 119,120,163,459

Chemical analyses:2 Methods and interpretation. W 151,236, 259, 274, 364; B 479,616 

Connecticut: Quality of waters; pollution................... W 79,144, 232, 374, 397

Surface waters............................................... W 162

Underground waters....... W 57,102,110,149, 232, 374, 397; B 264, 298

Conservation........................................................ W 234,400a

Debris investigation.................................................... P 86,105

Delaware: Quality of waters........................................ W 258; B 138

Underground waters............. W 57,114,149; B 138, 298; GF 137,162

District of Columbia: Quality of waters; pollution................ W 192, 236; B 138

Surface waters................................... W 162,192

Underground waters........ W 57,114,149; B 138; GP 70,152

Divining rod............................................................. W 416

Engineering methods........................... W 1, 3, 8,-20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 94, 95,

110,143,150,180,187, 200, 257, 337, 345e, 371, 375c, e,f, 400c, 400d, 425c 

Floods...................................................... W 88, 92,147,162, 334

India: Irrigation...................................................... A 12; W 87

Ice measurements.................................................... W 187, 337

Irrigation, general............................ A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20, 22, 41, 42, 87,146

Legal aspects: Surface waters.................................. W 103,152,194, 238

Underground waters......................................... W 122

Maine: Quality of waters; pollution........... W 144,198, 223, 236, 258; GF. 149,158

Surface waters...................................... A6; W69,162,198, 279

Underground waters............................................... W 57,

102,114,145,149, 223, 258; B 264, 298; GF 149,158,192 

Maryland: Quality of waters; pollution, etc..................... W 145,192, 236, 258

Surface waters.............................................. W 162,192

Underground waters............................................ W 57,

114,145,149; B 138, 298; GF 13, 23, 70,136,137,152,160,182 

Massachusetts: Quality of waters; pollution.......................... W 79,144,185

Surface waters.............................................. W 415

Underground waters.................... W 102,110,114,149; B 298

Mineral springs: Analyses.......................................... A 14, ii; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc.................................. A 14, ii

Lists................................................ B32; W 114

Motions of ground waters....................... A 19, ii; B 319; W 67,110,140,155

New Hampshire: Quality of waters; pollution............................... W 144

Underground waters........... W 61,102,114,145,149; B 264, 298

1 Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

» Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through pubhcations, as noted in abstracts.

XXXIII
XXXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

New Jersey: Quality of waters; pollution.................................... W 79,

110, 236, 258; B 138; GF 137,157,162,167 

Surface waters.......................... W 79, 88, 92,110,162; GF 191

Underground waters.......................................... W 61,

110,114,149; B 138, 264, 298; GF 83,137,-157,161,162,167,191

New York: Quality of waters; pollution, etc. W 72, 76, 79,110,144,145, 236; P 44; B138 

Surface waters....................... W 24, 25, 44, 76,110,147,162; P 44

Underground waters.......................................... W 57, 61,

110,114,140, 145,149,155; GF 83,157,169; P 44; B 138, 264, 298 

Pennsylvania: Quality of waters; pollution.................................. W 79,

106,108,110,145, 236; GF 162,167,170,189 

Surface waters........ W 108,109,110,147,162; GF 160, 162,167,189

Underground waters........................................ W 61,

106,110, 114,145,149; GF 160,162,167,170,189; B 264, 298, 531 

Pollution: By industrial wastes.......................... W 79, 179,186,189, 226, 235

By sewage............................................... W 72, 79,194

Laws forbidding............................................. W 103,152

Indices of................................................. W 144,160

Profiles of rivers........................................................ W 44,115

Rhode Island: Quality of waters; pollution............................. W 144,149

Underground waters..................... W 61,102,114; B 264, 298

River profiles.......................................................... W 44,115

Sanitation: quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation .................. W 3, 22

72, 79,103,110,113,114,144,145,152,160,179,185,

186,189,192,194,198, 226, 229, 235, 236, 255, 258, 315

Sewage disposal and purification........................ W 3, 22, 72,113,185,194, 229

Underground waters: Legal aspects......................................... W 122

Methods of utilization......................... W 114, 255, 257

Pollution.......................... W 110,144,145,160, 232, 258

Vermont: Quality of waters; pollution...................................... W 144

Surface waters................................................... W 424

Underground waters......................... W 102,110,114,149; B 298

Virginia: Quality of waters; pollution, etc.................. W 192, 236: 258; B 138

Surface waters........................................ A lOi, W 162,192

Underground waters... W61,114,149, 258; B 138, 264, 298; GF 13, 23, 70,136 

West Virginia: Quality of waters; pollution......................... W 145,192, 236

Surface waters.......................................... W 162,192

Underground waters........................ W 61,145,149; GF 160

Windmill papers.................................................. W 1, 8, 20, 41, 42
ItfDEX OF STREAMS.

AUagash River, Maine........

Alpkus Kill, N.Y...........!.....

Arnmonoosuc River, N. H........

Androscoggin River, Maine, N. H. 

Androscoggin River, Little, Maine. 

Antietam Creek, Md..............

Aroostook River, Maine...........

Ashuelot River, N. H.............

Auburn Lake, Maine..............

Batten KiH, N.Y.................

Beaver Kill, N.Y.................

Blackstone River, R. I............

Blackwater River, N. H..........

Borden Brook, Mass..............

Branch Lake, Maine..............

Branch Lake Stream, Maine.......

Branch River, R. I...............

Broad Creek, Md.................

Burnshirt River, Mass........!...

Byram River, Conn..............

Byram River, East Branch, Conn. 

Byram River, Middle Branch,

Conn..........................

Byram River, West Branch, N.Y. 

Canada Creek, East, N.Y........

Canada Creek, West, N.Y........

Caroga Creek, N. Y. ..............

Carrabassett River, Maine........

Catskill Creek, N. Y..............

Cayadutta Creek, N.Y............

Cayuta Creek, N.Y...............

Cedar River, N. Y................

Charles River, Mass..............

Chemung River, N. Y.............

Chenango River, N.Y...........

Cobbosseecontee Lake, Maine.....

Cobbosseecontee Stream, Maine... 

Cochituate Lake, Mass.............

Cohocton River, N.Y.............

Cold Stream, Maine..............

Cold Stream Pond, Maine..........

Concord River, Mass.............

Connecticut River, MASS., N. H.,

Conn...........................

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Contoocook River, N. H.......... ix

Cooks Creek, Va................... xv

Croton River, N. Y............... xm

Dead River, Maine............... vm .

Deer Creek, Md................... xrv

Deerfield River, Mass............ x

Delaware River, N. J., N. Y...... xm

Delaware River, East Branch, N.Y. xm 

Delaware River, West Branch,

N.Y.......................... xm

Delaware & Hudson canal, diversion to......................... xm

East Branch or Fork. See name of

main stream.

East Canada Creek, N.Y.......... xn

Eaton Brook, N. Y................ xiv

Elk Run, Va..................... xv

Esopus Creek, N.Y............... xn

Farmington River, Mass........... xi

Fish Creek, N. Y................. xn

Fishkill Creek, N. Y.............. xm

Fish River, Maine................ vn

Foundry Brook, N. Y............. xm

Georges Creek, Md............... xrv

Goose Creek, Va................. xv

Graefenberg Creek, N.Y......... xn

Green Lake, Maine............... vm

Green Lake Stream, Maine........ vm

Gunpowder Falls, Md............. xrv

Gunpowder Falls, Little, Md..... xiv

Hawksbill Creek, Va............. xv

Hoosic River, N. Y.............. xn

Housatonic River, Conn., Mass... xi

Hudson River, N. Y............. xi

Indian Lake reservoir, N.Y....... xi

Indian River, N. Y............... xi

Israel River, N. H................ x

Johnson Brook, N.Y............. xn

Juniata River, Pa................ xiv

KenduskeagStream, Maine....... vm

Kennebec River, Maine.......... vm

Kinderhook Creek, N. Y.......... xn

Lehigh River, Pa................. xm

Lewis Creek, Va................... xv"

xxxv
XXXVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART I.

Little Androscoggin River, Maine. 

Little Gunpowder Falls, Md. ......

Little River, N. H....... ........

Machias River, Maine. ...........

Madawaska River, Maine ........

Madison Brook, N. Y. ............

Magalloway River, Maine. ........

Matfield River, Mass. .............

Mattawamkeag River, Maine. .....

Merrimack River, Mass., N. H. . . .

Messalonskee Stream, Maine ......

Mianus River, Conn., N. Y. ......

Middle Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Middle River, Va- ................

Millers River, Mass. ...............

Millstone River, N. J. ............

Mohawk River, N. Y. ............

Mongaup River, N. Y. ...........

Monocacy River, Md........... ...

Moosehead Lake, Maine. ..........

Moose River, Maine. ..............

Moss Brook, Mass. ...............

Mud Creek, N. Y. ...............

Musconetcong River, N. J. ........

Mystic Lake, Mass. ..............

Nail Creek, N. Y. ...............

Nashua River, Mass. ..............

Nashua River, South Branch,

Mass. ..........................

Neshaminy Creek, Pa. ............

Neversink River, N. Y ..........

Ninemile Creek, N. Y........ . ...

Normans Kill, N. Y..............

North Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

North River, Va. .................

Occoquan Creek, Va. .............

Octoraro Creek, Md ..............

Opequan Creek, W. Va. ..........

Oriskany Creek, N. Y............

Orland River, Maine. ............

Ossipee River, Maine. ............

Otter River, Mass. ................

Passadumkeag River, Maine. .....

Passage Creek, Va. ...............

Passaic River, N. J ..............

Passumpsic River, Vt......... ....

Patapsco River, Md. . .............

Patuxent River, Md .............

Paulins Kill, N. J. ................

Pawcatuck River, R. I. ...........

Pawtuxet River, R. I.............

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Pemigewasset River, N. H........ ix

Pemigewasset River, Middle

Branch, N. H.................. ix

Penobscot River, Maine.......... vm

Penobscot River, East Branch,

Maine......................... vin

Penobscot River, West Branch,

Maine......................... vm

Perkiomen Creek, Pa............. xin

Phillips Lake outlet, Maine...... vin

Piscataquis River, Maine........ vm

Pomperaug River, Conn......... xi

Pompton River, N. J............ xm

Potomac River, D.C.,Md.,W.Va.. xiv 

Potomac River, North Branch,

Md.,W. Va.................... xiv

Potomac River, South Branch, W.

Va............................. xiv

Presumpscot River, Maine......... ix

Priest Brook, Mass................ x

Providence River, R.I............ x

Quaboag River, Mass............. xi

Quacken Kill, N. Y.............. xn

Quinebaug River, Conn.......... x

Ramapo River, N. J............. xm

Rangeley Lake, Maine............. ix

Rappahannock River, Va........ xv

Raritan River, N. J.............. xm

Raritan River, North Branch, N. J. xin

Raritan River, South Branch, N. J. xm

Reeds Brook, Maine.............. vni

Reels Creek, N. Y................ xn

Roach River, Maine.............. vm

Rockaway River, N. J........... xm

Rock Creek, D. C................. xv

Rondout Creek, N. Y............. xm

Sacandaga River, N. Y........... xi

Sacandaga River, West Branch,

N. Y.......................... xn

Saco River, Maine, N. H.......... ix

St. Croix River, Maine............ vn

St. Croix River, West Branch,

Maine......................... vn

St. Francis River, Maine......... vn

St. George River, Maine.......... vm

St. John River, Maine........... vn

Salmon River, Conn............... xi

Sandy River, Maine.............. vm

Saquoit Creek, N. Y.............. xn

Satucket River, Mass........r .... ix

Savage River, Md................. xiv

Schoharie Creek, N. Y............ ayj

SchroonLake, N. Y............... xi
INDEX OF STREAMS. XXXVII

Schroon River, N. Y.............

SchuylkillRiver, Pa..............

Sebago Lake outlet, Maine........

Sebasticoek River, Maine.........

Seekonk River, R. I.............

Shenandoah River, Va...........

Shenandoah River, North Fork,

Va.............................

Shenandoah River, South Fork,

Va.............................

Shetucket River, Conn............

Sip Pond Brook, Mass.............

Smith River, N. H..............

Souhegan River, N. H...........

South Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream, 

South River, Va..................

Starch Factory Creek, N. Y.......

Sudbury River, Mass............

Suncook River, N. H............

Susquehanna River, N. Y., Pa... 

Susquehanna River, West Branch,

Pa............................

Swift River, Mass.................

Sylvan Glen Creek, N. Y.........

Tenmile River, N. Y............

Tenmile River, R. I.............

Thames River, Conn..............

Tioga River, N. Y................

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Tioughnioga River, N. Y.........

Tohicfcon Creek, Pa...............

Tully River, East Branch, Mass... 

Tuscarora Creek, W. Va..........

Union River, Maine.............

Union'River, East Branch, Maine. 

Union River, West Branch, Maine. 

Wallkill River, N. Y..............

Wanaque River, N. J. ...........

Wappinger Creek, N. Y...........

Ware River, Mass................

Webb Brook, Maine..............

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

West Canada Creek, N. Y........

Westfield Little River, Mass.......

Westfield River, Mass.............

Westfield River, Middle Branch,

Mass...........................

Westfield River, West Branch,

White River, Vt..................

Wills Creek, Md..................

Winnipesaukee Lake, N. H.......

Wissabicfcon Creek, Pa............

Wood River, R. I.................

Woonasquatucket River, R. I....

Zealand River, N. H..............

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