Soil Survey of

Escambia County,

Florida

In cooperation with

the University of Florida,

Institute of Food and

Agricultural Sciences,

Agricultural Experiment

Stations, and Soil and Water

Science Department; and the

Florida Department of

Agriculture and Consumer

Services

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

How To Use This Soil Survey

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called

general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the

area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of

the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and

management of small areas.

To find information about your area

of interest, locate that area on the

Index to Map Sheets. Note the

number of the map sheet and turn

to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on

the map sheet. Note the map unit

symbols that are in that area. Turn

to the Contents, which lists the

map units by symbol and name

and shows the page where each

map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table

has data on a specific land use for

each detailed soil map unit. Also

see the Contents for sections of

this publication that may address

your specific needs.
ii

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available online

from the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1992. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1997. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1992. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the University of

Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Stations,

and Soil and Water Science Department; and the Florida Department of Agriculture and

Consumer Services. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the

Escambia Soil and Water Conservation District. The Escambia County Board of

Commissioners contributed financially to the acceleration of the survey.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its

programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age,

disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all

prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,

audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and

TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C.

20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: Logo of the Escambia County Board of Commissioners. Escambia County, located on the

northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, is noted for beautiful white-sand beaches and sailing ships.

The county is the home of the Pensacola Naval Air Station.
iii

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey .................................. i

Contents ................................................................. iii

Foreword ............................................................... vii

General Nature of the County ................................... 1

How This Survey Was Made ..................................... 4

General Soil Map Units .......................................... 7

Areas on Uplands Dominated by Nearly Level

to Steep, Loamy and Sandy Soils .................. 7

1. Red Bay-Notcher ....................................... 7

2. Troup-Lakeland .......................................... 8

3. Troup-Poarch-Perdido ................................ 8

4. Notcher-Troup............................................ 9

5. Notcher-Bonifay-Troup ............................. 10

6. Troup-Poarch-Pelham .............................. 11

Areas on Coastal Lowlands Dominated by

Nearly Level to Moderately Sloping,

Sandy Mineral Soils and Mucky Organic

Soils ............................................................. 11

7. Pickney-Croatan ...................................... 11

8. Lakeland-Hurricane ................................. 12

9. Leon-Pickney ........................................... 12

10. Corolla-Newhan-Duckston ..................... 13

Areas on Flood Plains, in Swamps, and on

Low Stream Terraces Dominated by Level

to Gently Sloping, Loamy and Sandy

Mineral Soils and Mucky Organic Soils

that are Subject to Flooding ......................... 13

11. Dorovan-Fluvaquents-Pelham ............... 14

12. Dorovan-Fluvaquents-Mantachie ........... 14

13. Mantachie-Fluvaquents-Bigbee ............. 15

Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 17

2—Duckston sand, frequently flooded ................ 18

3—Corolla-Duckston sands, gently undulating,

flooded ......................................................... 18

4—Pickney sand ................................................ 19

5—Croatan and Pickney soils, depressional ...... 19

6—Dirego muck, tidal ......................................... 20

7—Kureb sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes ................ 20

8—Newhan-Corolla complex, rolling, rarely

flooded ......................................................... 21

9—Leon sand ..................................................... 22

10—Beaches...................................................... 24

11—Hurricane sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ........ 24

12—Croatan muck, depressional ....................... 25

13—Lakeland sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes.......... 26

14—Allanton-Pottsburg complex ........................ 26

15—Resota sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes............. 28

16—Arents-Urban land complex ........................ 28

17—Kureb sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes............. 29

18—Pits ............................................................. 30

19—Foxworth sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ......... 30

20—Lakeland sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes.......... 31

21—Lakeland sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes........ 32

22—Urban land .................................................. 33

24—Poarch sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 33

25—Poarch sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 34

26—Poarch sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 35

27—Escambia fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 36

28—Grady loam ................................................. 37

29—Perdido sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 37

30—Perdido sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

31—Perdido sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 39

32—Troup sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ............... 40

33—Troup sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes ............... 41

34—Troup sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes ............. 42

35—Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 43

36—Lucy loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...... 44

38—Bonifay loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

39—Bonifay loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 46

40—Eunola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 47

41—Malbis sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 48

42—Malbis sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ... 48

43—Albany sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ............. 50

44—Corolla-Urban land complex, 0 to 5

percent slopes, rarely flooded ...................... 51

45—Troup and Perdido soils, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, severely eroded ............................... 52

46—Garcon-Bigbee-Yemassee complex, 0 to

5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded......... 53
iv

47—Hurricane and Albany soils, 0 to 5

percent slopes, occasionally flooded............ 54

48—Pelham-Yemassee complex, occasionally

flooded ......................................................... 55

49—Dorovan muck and Fluvaquents,

frequently flooded ........................................ 57

50—Bigbee-Garcon-Fluvaquents complex,

flooded ......................................................... 57

51—Pelham loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 58

52—Robertsdale sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 59

54—Troup-Poarch complex, 8 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 60

55—Troup-Poarch complex, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 61

56—Troup-Poarch complex, 5 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 63

57—Cowarts-Troup complex, 12 to 18 percent

slopes .......................................................... 64

58—Eunola fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 65

59—Notcher fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 66

60—Notcher fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 68

61—Notcher fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 69

62—Bama fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 70

63—Bama fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 70

64—Red Bay fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 71

65—Red Bay fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 73

66—Red Bay fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 73

67—Notcher-Maubila complex, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 75

68—Notcher-Maubila complex, 5 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 76

69—Notcher-Maubila complex, 8 to 12

percent slopes ............................................. 77

70—Izagora fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 78

71—Iuka fine sandy loam, frequently flooded ..... 79

72—Yemassee fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally flooded............ 80

73—Grady loam, drained ................................... 81

74—Lucy loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes ...... 82

75—Weston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 83

76—Mantachie-Fluvaquents-Bigbee complex,

frequently flooded ........................................ 84

77—Arents-Water complex, undulating .............. 85

78—Emory fine sandy loam, ponded ................. 85

Use and Management of the Soils ...................... 87

Hydric Soils ........................................................ 87

Ecological Communities ..................................... 88

Crops and Pasture ............................................. 91

Yields per Acre............................................... 93

Land Capability Classification ........................ 93

Prime Farmland ............................................. 94

Woodland Management and Productivity ........... 95

Recreation .......................................................... 96

Wildlife Habitat ................................................... 98

Engineering ........................................................ 99

Building Site Development ........................... 100

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 100

Construction Materials ................................. 101

Water Management...................................... 102

Soil Properties .................................................... 105

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 105

Physical and Chemical Properties .................... 106

Soil and Water Features ................................... 107

Classification of the Soils .................................. 109

Soil Series and Their Morphology..................... 109

Albany Series ................................................... 109

Allanton Series ................................................. 110

Bama Series..................................................... 111

Bigbee Series ................................................... 112

Bonifay Series .................................................. 112

Corolla Series................................................... 113

Cowarts Series ................................................. 114

Croatan Series ................................................. 115

Dirego Series ................................................... 115

Dorovan Series ................................................ 116
v

Duckston Series ............................................... 116

Emory Series ................................................... 117

Escambia Series .............................................. 117

Eunola Series ................................................... 118

Foxworth Series ............................................... 119

Garcon Series .................................................. 120

Grady Series .................................................... 121

Hurricane Series .............................................. 122

Iuka Series ....................................................... 122

Izagora Series .................................................. 123

Kureb series ..................................................... 124

Lakeland Series ............................................... 129

Leon Series ...................................................... 129

Lucy Series ...................................................... 130

Malbis Series.................................................... 130

Mantachie Series ............................................. 131

Maubila Series ................................................. 132

Newhan Series ................................................. 133

Notcher Series ................................................. 134

Pelham Series .................................................. 135

Perdido Series .................................................. 135

Pickney Series ................................................. 136

Poarch Series ................................................... 137

Pottsburg Series ............................................... 138

Red Bay Series ................................................ 138

Resota Series................................................... 139

Robertsdale Series........................................... 140

Troup Series ..................................................... 140

Weston Series .................................................. 141

Yemassee Series ............................................. 142

Formation of the Soils........................................ 145

Factors of Soil Formation ................................. 145

Parent Material ............................................. 145

Climate......................................................... 145

Plants and Animals ...................................... 146

Relief............................................................ 146

Time ............................................................. 146

Processes of Horizon Differentiation ................ 147

Geology ............................................................ 147

Geomorphology ........................................... 147

Stratigraphy .................................................. 149

Ground Water............................................... 152

Mineral Resources ....................................... 152

References .......................................................... 155

Glossary .............................................................. 159

Tables .................................................................. 171

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 172

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 173

Table 3.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 174

Table 4.—Land Capability Classes and

Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture ........ 176

Table 5.—Woodland Management and

Productivity ................................................ 181

Table 6.—Recreational Development ............... 186

Table 7.—Wildlife Habitat .................................. 193

Table 8.—Building Site Development ................ 198

Table 9.—Sanitary Facilities ............................. 205

Table 10.—Construction Materials .................... 212

Table 11.—Water Management ........................ 217

Table 12.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 226

Table 13.—Physical and Chemical

Properties of the Soils ................................ 236

Table 14.—Soil and Water Features ................. 244

Table 15.—Classification of the Soils ................ 249

Issued 2004

vii

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey

area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the

impact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters,

and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management

needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials,

engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use,

select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper

performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation,

wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help

them understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or

user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a

foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic

tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or

underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

T. Niles Glasgow

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

1

ESCAMBIA COUNTY is in the northwestern part of

Florida (fig. 1). It is bordered by Baldwin County,

Alabama, to the west, by Escambia County, Alabama,

to the north, by Santa Rosa County, Florida, to the

east, and by the Gulf of Mexico to the south. The

county is irregular in outline. The Perdido River forms

the western boundary, and the Escambia River forms

the eastern boundary.

The total area of the county is 481,600 acres, or

about 752 square miles. About 422,700 acres consists

of land areas and small bodies of water. About 58,900

acres consists of large areas of water in lakes, rivers,

bays, and the Gulf of Mexico. The county extends

from the Gulf of Mexico to the Florida-Alabama State

line, a distance of about 50 miles. The county is roughly

the shape of an hourglass, varying in width from 25

miles along the northern boundary to about 8 miles at

the narrowest part near the center of the county.

This soil survey updates an earlier soil survey of

Escambia County published in 1960 (USDA–SCS,

1960). It provides additional information and an

updated aerial photography base map at a scale of

1:24,000. Areas of the county not mapped in the 1960

report are mapped in this report. This updated soil

survey is also available in digital format.

General Nature of the County

This section gives general information about the

county. It describes the climate, history and

development, agriculture, and transportation facilities.

Climate

James T. Bradley, climatologist, helped prepare this section.

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at Pensacola, Florida, in

the period 1961 to 1990. Table 2 shows probable dates

of the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring as

recorded at the Milton Experiment Station.

Escambia County has a warm, humid-temperate

climate. In summer, the days are long, warm, and

Soil Survey of

Escambia County, Florida

By C. Andrew Williams, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by G. Wade Hurt, John D. Overing, and C. Andrew Williams,

Natural Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural

Experiment Stations, and Soil and Water Science Department; and the Florida

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

Figure 1.—Location of Escambia County in Florida.
2 Soil Survey

humid. Winter is mild and short. Along the coast, the

Gulf of Mexico moderates high temperatures in the

summer and low temperatures in the winter. A few

miles inland, however, the effect of the Gulf diminishes

appreciably.

The total annual precipitation is about 62 inches.

About 34 inches, or about 55 percent, of the rain falls

during April through September. Unusual amounts,

however, may fall during any month. In 3 years out of

10, the rainfall in April through September is less than

21 inches. The growing season for most crops falls

within this period. The greatest amount of rain falls in

July and August. The least amount falls in April. A

large proportion of the rain falls during the afternoon

and evening as thundershowers or showers. These

thundershowers and showers, which occur on 40

percent of the days, are widely scattered, short, and

often excessive. Sometimes, 2 to 4 inches of rain falls

within 1 or 2 hours.

Winter brings gentle rains of long duration,

usually 1 to 3 days. Long-lasting showers in

summer usually are associated with tropical

disturbances. Rainfall of more than 9 inches during

a 24-hour period can be expected in about one year

in nine, usually when a tropical depression or

hurricane passes through the area.

Snowfall is rare. In 90 percent of the winters, there

is no measurable snowfall. In 10 percent, the snowfall,

usually of short duration, is more than 2 inches.

Hailstorms are infrequent and cover only

restricted areas. Damage, therefore, is restricted.

Ground fog is usually confined to the night and

early morning in late fall, winter, and early spring.

Although the sun usually dissipates the fog very

quickly in most areas, the fog often persists for

hours along the coast.

The Gulf of Mexico tempers the cold in the winter

and causes warm sea breezes to move across the

land on summer days. The average temperature in

summer is 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Cloudiness,

associated thundershowers, and showers relieve the

heat and humidity. The average temperature in winter

is 54 degrees Fahrenheit. The highest recorded

temperature is 106 degrees Fahrenheit. The lowest is

7 degrees Fahrenheit.

Winters are mild but are punctuated by periodic

invasions of cold air masses from the north. These

cold periods generally last 1 to 3 days. The second

day is usually the coldest because during the night,

under clear skies, radiant cooling is accelerated and

temperatures plummet during the early morning.

Unprotected water pipes may freeze.

The average date of the last freezing

temperature in winter is March 10. The average

date of the earliest freeze in the fall is November 17.

The average growing season is 292 days. On the

average, the temperature goes to freezing or below 9

days a year. Table 2 gives additional data on freezing

temperatures in the county.

March is the windiest month, and August has the

lowest average windspeed. Windspeed averages 8

to 15 miles per hour during the day and usually

drops below 8 miles per hour at night. The

prevailing winds blow from the north and northwest

during fall and winter and from the south and

southwest during spring and summer. During

summer, a moderate sea breeze usually blows off

the Gulf. The breeze diminishes greatly as it moves

inland. High winds of short duration occur

occasionally in connection with thunderstorms in

summer and with fronts moving across the county

in other seasons. Tropical disturbances can

generate very destructive winds of up to 200 miles

per hour. These seriously destructive hurricanes

occur about one year in eight.

Damaging winds and flooding caused by hurricanes

can destroy crops and buildings. The hazard of

erosion also increases when more than 1

/2-inch of rain

falls in less than 2 hours.

Occasionally, short droughts in late spring—when

plants are beginning to grow and temperature is

high—lead to a moisture deficiency that can damage

crops, pastures, and gardens. Such a moisture

deficiency can only be overcome by supplemental

irrigation.

History and Development

David Breetzke, historian, helped prepare this section.

Escambia County has a long and rich history.

Evidence dates the presence of Native Americans

in the area back as far as 8000 B.C. (Bense, 1983;

Fernald, 1981; Florida Department of State Staff,

n.d). European civilization entered the area in 1559

with the arrival of Don Tristan de Luna from Spain

(USDA–SCS, 1960). The original settlement, near

present-day Pensacola, lasted only 2 years. The

Spanish did not return to the area until 1698, when

Don Andres de Arrida established a fort and

settlement in the southwestern part of the county in

an area that is now on the grounds of the naval air

station (Parks, 1985).

During the 1700s, the area became—because of its

strategic value—the object of French and British

imperialism. The territory was under the jurisdiction of

Spain, France, or England at various times for 123

years. In 1821, Andrew Jackson accepted the territory
Escambia County, Florida 3

from Spain and Florida became a part of the United

States. The western half of the new territory was

named Escambia County and extended from the

Perdido River east to the Suwannee River. The

present boundaries of the county were set in 1842.

Until the late 1800s, most of the settlements were

close to the coast. With the completion of the railroad

in the 1880s and the expansion of the lumber industry,

more small towns developed in the central and

northern parts of the county (Bense, 1989). As land

was “cut over” and cleared, farming began to develop

on the more fertile soils in the area. Through the turn

of the century, lumbering, naval stores, farming, and

fishing provided a living for most of the residents of

Escambia County.

The military has played a role in the history of

Escambia County. In 1825, Congress voted to

establish a navy yard in recognition of the value of

the harbor at Pensacola. As part of the military

defense of the harbor, Fort Pickens was built in

1834, Fort McRee in 1840, and Fort Barrancas in

1844 (Coleman and Coleman, 1982). The

Pensacola Naval Complex has been known as “The

Cradle of Naval Aviation” since 1914. In 1971, it

became the headquarters for the Chief of Naval

Education and Training.

In the long and varied history of Escambia County,

the city of Pensacola has changed hands 13 times.

The flags of five different nations have flown over its

forts, giving it the nickname of “City of Five Flags”

(Pensacola Area Chamber of Commerce, 1993;

Pensacola Bay Area League of Women Voters, 1983).

Agriculture

Ken Collar, district conservationist, helped prepare this section.

Residents of Escambia County did not turn to

farming until forest resources were nearly

exhausted, which occurred around 1900 (USDA–

SCS, 1960). The main crops grown in the early

days included corn, cotton, oats, hay, sugarcane,

and sweet potatoes. Citrus was also grown. In

1930, there were 29,680 orange trees in the county.

Due to occasional cold weather that damaged the

trees, the number of orange trees dwindled to less

than 20 by 1954.

By 1955, the principal crops were corn, soybeans,

Irish potatoes, cotton, and small grains. Cotton faded

from popularity after 1955 until the early 1990s. By

1993, small grain, cotton, soybeans, and corn, in that

order, were the main crops. The acreages of the

principal crops during 1929, 1954, and 1992 are listed

in the following table (USDC–ESA, 1992; USDA–SCS,

1960).

Acreage of Principal Crops

Crop 1929 1954 1992

Cotton 6,704 1,600 8,722

Soybeans 144 10,948 9,083

Hay 1,147 1,239 4,247

Corn harvested

 for grain 10,188 6,563 6,193

Small grain

 (wheat and oats) 6 2,835 3,703

Also grown in 1992 was a small, scattered acreage

of sorghum, vegetables, and canola.

Livestock operations also contribute to the

agricultural production of the county. In 1992, the

county had about 1,879 diary cattle on 25 dairies,

3,076 beef cattle, and 1,787 hogs (USDC–ESA, 1992).

Most of the agriculture and most of the soils that

are well suited to agriculture are in the northern half of

the county. As urban growth spreads out from

Pensacola, agricultural lands in the central and

southwestern parts of the county are being converted

to suburban and urban land uses. This trend is

expected to continue, with urbanization claiming more

agricultural land in the central parts of the county. In

the northern parts of the county, however, agriculture

is expected to maintain a strong, viable presence.

Transportation Facilities

Escambia County has an array of transportation

facilities that serve the needs of the people

(Pensacola Area Chamber of Commerce, 1993). A

network of highways and secondary roads provides

access to cities, towns, markets, and recreational

sites. Interstate 10 runs east and west through the

county. Interstate Spur 110 provides easy access from

Interstate 10 to the city of Pensacola. U.S. Highway

90 also runs east and west through the county.

Alternate U.S. 90 provides a direct route—and is the

original highway—following the scenic route along

Escambia Bay and through downtown Pensacola.

U.S. Highway 98 provides the southernmost east-west

access through the county. The major north-south

corridor is U.S. Highway 29, which connects

downtown Pensacola with the town of Century on the

Florida-Alabama State line, a distance of about 45

miles. Florida Highway 97 provides access from U.S.

Highway 29 north-northwest to Alabama. Other State

and county roads and many improved dirt roads are

maintained for public use.

The city of Pensacola, which is in the southern part

of the county, has a commercial airport and a

deepwater port. Two railroads provide freight service

to the port and to other industries. Another railroad
4 Soil Survey

provides intercity passenger service and has a

terminal in Pensacola.

Local and intercity bus services are available.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; and the kinds

of crops and native plants. They dug many holes to

study the soil profile, which is the sequence of natural

layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from

the surface down into the unconsolidated material in

which the soil formed. The unconsolidated material is

devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not

been changed by other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept or model of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location

on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the

soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those

of the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are

the result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications

in series concepts, or variation in the intensity of

mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey

areas.
Escambia County, Florida 5

Survey Procedures

The general procedures followed in making the

survey are described in the “National Soil Survey

Handbook” (USDA–NRCS) of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service and in the “Soil Survey Manual”

(Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993). The earlier soil

survey of Escambia County was among the

references used (USDA–SCS, 1960).

Before the fieldwork began, maps and aerial

photographs were studied, including black-and-white

aerial photographs taken in 1951 at a scale of

1:20,000 (USDA–SCS, 1960) and color infrared

photographs taken in the spring of 1983 and the

spring of 1984 at a scale of 1:24,000. Soil scientists

studied United States Geological Survey topographic

maps at a scale of 1:24,000 to relate land and image

features.

Reconnaissance was made by vehicle before the

landscape was traversed on foot. Some areas

required remapping because they were not surveyed

in the previous soil survey. The 1951 black-and-white

photographs show the natural vegetation in many

areas that were later cleared and planted to pine

plantations, used for urban development, or both.

Soil boundary lines were adjusted as needed

throughout the county due to changes in soil series

concepts and advances in technology since the earlier

survey. Traverses generally were made at intervals of

about 1/4 mile. They were made at closer intervals in

complex areas of high variability and wider intervals in

less complex areas of low variability. A groundpenetrating radar (GPR) system and manual transect

methods were used to document the type and

variability of soils that occur in the detailed soil map

units. Random transects were made with the GPR and

by hand. Information from notes and ground-truth

observations made in the field and GPR data were

used to classify the soils and to determine the

composition of map units.

7

The general soil map in this publication shows

broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils,

relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general soil

map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, it

consists of one or more major soils or miscellaneous

areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It

is named for the major soils or miscellaneous areas.

The components of one map unit can occur in another

but in a different pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils can be identified on the map.

Likewise, areas where the soils are not suitable can

be identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other

structure. The soils in any one map unit differ from

place to place in slope, depth, drainage, and other

characteristics that affect management.

The boundaries of the general soil map units in

Escambia County were matched, where possible,

with those of the previously completed surveys of

Baldwin and Escambia Counties, Alabama, and

Santa Rosa County, Florida. In a few areas,

however, the lines do not join and the names of the

map units differ. These differences result mainly

because of changes in soil series concepts,

differences in map unit design, and changes in soil

patterns near survey area boundaries.

Areas on Uplands Dominated by

Nearly Level to Steep, Loamy and

Sandy Soils

The six general soil map units in this group consist

of excessively drained to poorly drained soils that are

loamy or sandy throughout or that have thick, sandy

surface and subsurface layers and a loamy subsoil.

They make up about 78 percent of the county. Most of

the acreage is used for woodland, cultivated crops, or

pasture. Erosion, droughtiness, and low fertility are

management concerns in the areas used for crops

and pasture.

1. Red Bay-Notcher

Nearly level to strongly sloping, well drained and

moderately well drained soils that are loamy

throughout; on uplands

This map unit consists of soils on summits and side

slopes of broad or narrow, convex ridges in the northcentral part of the county. In most areas, the

landscape consists of long, smooth slopes. Slopes

range from 0 to 12 percent.

This map unit makes up about 10,570 acres, or

about 2.5 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 50 percent Red Bay soils, 30 percent Notcher

and similar soils, and 20 percent soils of minor extent.

The well drained Red Bay soils are on nearly level

summits and on gently sloping and moderately sloping

shoulder slopes and side slopes. Typically, the surface

layer is brown fine sandy loam about 6 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is yellowish red sandy loam. The

subsoil is dark red sandy clay loam in the upper part

and dark red sandy loam in the lower part.

The moderately well drained Notcher soils are on

nearly level summits and on gently sloping to strongly

sloping side slopes. Typically, the surface layer is dark

grayish brown fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is yellowish brown fine sandy

loam that has common nodules of ironstone. The

subsoil is brownish yellow sandy clay loam in the

upper part, brownish yellow gravelly sandy clay loam

in the middle part, and brownish yellow sandy clay

loam in the lower part. The lower part of the subsoil

has masses of plinthite and has mottles in shades of

red, brown, and gray.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the well drained

Bama, Malbis, Perdido, and Poarch soils on summits;

the well drained Emory and poorly drained Grady soils

in depressions; the well drained Cowarts and

moderately well drained, clayey Maubila soils on side

slopes; and the moderately well drained Iuka and

somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils and very

poorly drained Fluvaquents on flood plains.

Most areas of this map unit are used for cultivated

crops, pasture, or hay. A small acreage is used for

woodland or has been developed for homesites.

General Soil Map Units
8 Soil Survey

The soils in this map unit are well suited to

cultivated crops, pasture, and hay. The main

management concern is a moderate to severe hazard

of erosion in the more sloping areas.

The soils in this map unit are well suited to

woodland. They have a high potential productivity for

slash pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. Few

limitations affect the use of this map unit as woodland.

Plant competition and soil compaction, however, are

management concerns.

The soils in this map unit are well suited to most

urban uses. The main limitation is the slope in the

strongly sloping areas. The seasonal high water table

and restricted permeability in the Notcher soils are

limitations affecting septic tank absorption fields.

2. Troup-Lakeland

Nearly level to strongly sloping, somewhat excessively

drained and excessively drained soils that have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers and a loamy

subsoil or that are sandy throughout; on uplands

This map unit consists of soils on summits and side

slopes of convex ridges in the uplands. It is in the

northeastern part of the county. In most areas, the

landscape consists of long, smooth slopes. Slopes

range from 0 to 12 percent.

This map unit makes up about 13,950 acres, or

about 3.3 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 58 percent Troup soils, 18 percent Lakeland

soils, and 24 percent soils of minor extent.

The somewhat excessively drained Troup soils

are on narrow, gently sloping summits and on

gently sloping to strongly sloping side slopes.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

yellowish brown sand in the upper part, strong

brown sand in the middle part, and yellowish red

loamy sand in the lower part. The subsoil is dark

red sandy loam in the upper part and dark red

sandy clay loam in the lower part.

The excessively drained Lakeland soils are on

broad, gently sloping summits and on gently sloping

to strongly sloping side slopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5

inches thick. The substratum is yellowish brown

sand in the upper part and brownish yellow sand in

the lower part.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the very poorly

drained Fluvaquents, the moderately well drained Iuka

soils, and the somewhat poorly drained Mantachie

soils on flood plains; the well drained Bama, Bonifay,

Lucy, Perdido, and Poarch soils on summits; the well

drained Cowarts and moderately well drained, clayey

Maubila soils on side slopes; and the somewhat poorly

drained Albany and poorly drained Pelham soils on

toeslopes and in shallow drainageways.

Most areas of this map unit are used for woodland.

A small acreage is used for cultivated crops or pasture

or has been developed for homesites.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited to

cultivated crops and are moderately well suited to

pasture and hay. The main management concerns are

droughtiness and low fertility.

The soils in this map unit are moderately well suited

to woodland. They have a moderately high potential

productivity for slash pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf

pine. Lakeland soils have a high potential productivity

for sand pine. The main limitations affecting

commercial timber production are an equipment

limitation and a high seedling mortality rate.

The soils in this map unit are moderately well suited

to most urban uses. The main limitation is the slope in

the strongly sloping areas. Seepage is a concern in

areas of Lakeland soils if sanitary facilities are

constructed. Additional concerns include the sandy

textures and droughtiness.

3. Troup-Poarch-Perdido

Nearly level to steep, somewhat excessively drained

and well drained soils that have thick, sandy surface

and subsurface layers and a loamy subsoil or that are

loamy throughout; on uplands

This map unit consists of soils on summits and side

slopes of narrow to broad ridges in the uplands. It is in

the northeastern part of the county. In most areas, the

landscape consists of long, smooth slopes. Slopes

range from 0 to 35 percent.

This map unit makes up about 18,600 acres, or

about 4.4 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 32 percent Troup and similar soils, 28 percent

Poarch and similar soils, 20 percent Perdido and

similar soils, and 20 percent soils of minor extent.

The somewhat excessively drained Troup soils

are on narrow, gently sloping summits and on

gently sloping to steep side slopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5

inches thick. The subsurface layer is yellowish

brown sand in the upper part, strong brown sand in

the middle part, and yellowish red loamy sand in the

lower part. The subsoil is dark red sandy loam in

the upper part and dark red sandy clay loam in the

lower part.

The well drained Poarch soils are on broad or

narrow, nearly level summits and on gently sloping to
Escambia County, Florida 9

strongly sloping side slopes. Typically, the surface

layer is very dark grayish brown sandy loam about 5

inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown sandy

loam in the upper part; yellowish brown and brownish

yellow sandy loam that has brownish, reddish, and

grayish mottles in the middle part; and very pale

brown and brownish yellow sandy loam that has

brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles in the lower

part. The middle and lower parts of the profile have

masses of plinthite.

The well drained Perdido soils are on narrow,

nearly level summits and on gently sloping to steep

side slopes. Typically, the surface layer is dark

yellowish brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The

subsoil is strong brown sandy loam in the upper part,

yellowish red and strong brown sandy loam in the

middle part, and red sandy clay loam and sandy loam

in the lower part. The middle and lower parts have

masses of plinthite.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the somewhat

poorly drained Albany and Hurricane soils on

toeslopes; the well drained Bama, Bonifay, Lucy,

Malbis, and Red Bay soils on summits; the well

drained Cowarts and moderately well drained, clayey

Maubila soils on narrow ridges and on side slopes; the

poorly drained Grady soils in depressions; and the

very poorly drained Fluvaquents and the moderately

well drained Iuka and somewhat poorly drained

Mantachie soils on flood plains.

Most areas of this map unit are used for

cultivated crops, pasture, or hay. A small acreage

has been developed for homesites or is used for

woodland.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited,

moderately well suited, or well suited to cultivated

crops and are moderately well suited or well suited to

pasture and hay. Erosion is a hazard in the sloping

areas. Additional concerns include the droughtiness

and low fertility of the Troup soils.

The soils in this map unit are moderately well suited

or well suited to woodland. They have a moderately

high to high potential productivity for slash pine,

loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. The main limitations

affecting commercial timber production are a high

seedling mortality rate and an equipment limitation in

areas of the Troup soil.

The soils in this map unit are well suited or

moderately well suited to most urban uses. Slope is

a limitation affecting most uses in the strongly

sloping to steep areas. Additional concerns include

restricted permeability and a seasonal high water

table in areas of the Poarch and Perdido soils and

droughtiness and a potential for seepage in areas

of the Troup soils.

4. Notcher-Troup

Nearly level to moderately steep, moderately well

drained and somewhat excessively drained soils that

are loamy throughout or that have thick, sandy surface

and subsurface layers and a loamy subsoil; on

uplands

This map unit consists of soils on summits and side

slopes of convex ridges in the uplands. It is in the

north-central part of the county. In most areas, the

landscape consists of long, smooth slopes. Slopes

range from 0 to 18 percent.

This map unit makes up about 72,280 acres, or

about 17.1 percent of the land area in the county. It is

about 47 percent Notcher and similar soils, 26 percent

Troup soils, and 27 percent soils of minor extent.

The moderately well drained Notcher soils are on

nearly level summits and on gently sloping to strongly

sloping side slopes. Typically, the surface layer is dark

grayish brown fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is yellowish brown fine sandy

loam that has common nodules of ironstone. The

subsoil is brownish yellow sandy clay loam in the

upper part, brownish yellow gravelly sandy clay loam

in the middle part, and brownish yellow sandy clay

loam in the lower part. The lower part of the subsoil

has masses of plinthite and has mottles in shades of

red, brown, and gray.

The somewhat excessively drained Troup soils are

on narrow, gently sloping summits and on gently

sloping to moderately steep side slopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5

inches thick. The subsurface layer is yellowish brown

sand in the upper part, strong brown sand in the

middle part, and yellowish red loamy sand in the lower

part. The subsoil is dark red sandy loam in the upper

part and dark red sandy clay loam in the lower part.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the well drained

Bama, Lucy, Malbis, Poarch, and Red Bay soils on

summits; the well drained Cowarts and Perdido and

moderately well drained Maubila soils on side slopes;

the poorly drained Grady soils in depressions; the very

poorly drained Fluvaquents and the moderately well

drained Iuka and somewhat poorly drained Mantachie

soils on flood plains; and the moderately well drained

Izagora and poorly drained Pelham soils on low

terraces.

Most areas of this map unit are used for cultivated

crops, pasture, and hay. Areas of woodland are

scattered throughout the map unit, mostly in the more

sloping areas and on flood plains.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited,

moderately well suited, or well suited to cultivated
10 Soil Survey

crops and are well suited or moderately well suited to

pasture and hay. Erosion is a hazard in the sloping

areas. Additional concerns include the droughtiness

and low fertility of the Troup soils.

The soils in this map unit are well suited or

moderately well suited to woodland. They have a

moderately high to high potential productivity for slash

pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. The main

limitations affecting commercial timber production are

a high seedling mortality rate and an equipment

limitation in areas of the Troup soil.

The soils in this map unit are well suited or

moderately well suited to most urban uses. Slope is a

limitation affecting most uses in the strongly sloping

and moderately steep areas. Additional concerns

include restricted permeability and a seasonal high

water table in areas of the Notcher soils and

droughtiness and a potential for seepage in areas of

the Troup soils.

5. Notcher-Bonifay-Troup

Nearly level to moderately steep, moderately well

drained, well drained, and somewhat excessively

drained soils that are loamy throughout or that have

thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers and a

loamy subsoil; on uplands

This map unit consists of soils on summits and side

slopes of broad ridges in the uplands. It is in the

central part of the county. In most areas, the

landscape consists of long, smooth slopes. Slopes

range from 0 to 18 percent.

This map unit makes up about 162,740 acres, or

about 38.5 percent of the land area in the county. It is

about 34 percent Notcher and similar soils, 19 percent

Bonifay soils, 19 percent Troup soils, and 28 percent

soils of minor extent.

The moderately well drained Notcher soils are on

nearly level summits and on gently sloping to strongly

sloping side slopes. Typically, the surface layer is dark

grayish brown fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is yellowish brown fine sandy

loam that has common nodules of ironstone. The

subsoil is brownish yellow sandy clay loam in the

upper part, brownish yellow gravelly sandy clay loam

in the middle part, and brownish yellow sandy clay

loam in the lower part. The lower part of the subsoil

has masses of plinthite and has mottles in shades of

red, brown, and gray.

The well drained Bonifay soils are on gently

sloping summits and on gently sloping and

moderately sloping side slopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown loamy sand

about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

yellowish brown loamy sand in the upper part and

brownish yellow loamy sand in the lower part. The

subsoil is mottled yellowish, brownish, reddish, and

grayish sandy clay loam.

The somewhat excessively drained Troup soils

are on narrow, gently sloping summits and on

gently sloping to moderately steep side slopes.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

yellowish brown sand in the upper part, strong

brown sand in the middle part, and yellowish red

loamy sand in the lower part. The subsoil is dark

red sandy loam in the upper part and dark red

sandy clay loam in the lower part.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the well

drained Lucy, Malbis, Perdido, and Red Bay and

excessively drained Lakeland soils on summits of

broad ridges; the well drained Cowarts and

moderately well drained, clayey Maubila soils on

side slopes; the poorly drained Grady soils in

depressions; the moderately well drained Iuka soils

and very poorly drained Fluvaquents on flood

plains; and the somewhat poorly drained Albany

and poorly drained Pelham soils on toeslopes and

in shallow drainageways.

Most areas of this map unit are used for

woodland, pasture, or hay. A few small areas are

used for cultivated crops, and a significant area in

the southern part of the county has been developed

for urban use.

The soils in this map unit are well suited,

moderately well suited, or poorly suited to cultivated

crops and are well suited or moderately well suited

to pasture and hay. Erosion is a hazard in the

sloping areas. Additional concerns include the

droughtiness and low fertility in areas of the Bonifay

and Troup soils.

The soils in this map unit are well suited or

moderately well suited to woodland. They have a

moderately high or high potential productivity for

slash pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. The

main limitations affecting commercial timber

production are a high seedling mortality rate and an

equipment limitation in areas of the Bonifay and

Troup soils.

The soils in this map unit are moderately well

suited to most urban uses. Slope is a limitation

affecting most uses in the strongly sloping to steep

areas. Additional concerns include restricted

permeability and a seasonal high water table in

areas of the Notcher soils and droughtiness and a

potential for seepage in areas of the Bonifay and

Troup soils.
Escambia County, Florida 11

6. Troup-Poarch-Pelham

Nearly level to steep, somewhat excessively drained,

well drained, and poorly drained soils that have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers and a loamy

subsoil or that are loamy throughout; on uplands

This map unit consists of soils on summits and side

slopes of broad ridges in the northwestern part of the

county. In most areas, the landscape consists of long,

smooth slopes. Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent.

This map unit makes up about 51,150 acres, or

about 12.1 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 29 percent Troup soils, 27 percent Poarch soils,

15 percent Pelham soils, and 29 percent soils of minor

extent.

The somewhat excessively drained Troup soils are

on narrow, gently sloping summits and on gently

sloping to steep side slopes. Typically, the surface

layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is yellowish brown sand in the

upper part, strong brown sand in the middle part, and

yellowish red loamy sand in the lower part. The

subsoil is dark red sandy loam in the upper part and

dark red sandy clay loam in the lower part.

The well drained Poarch soils are on nearly level

summits and on gently sloping side slopes. Typically,

the surface layer is very dark grayish brown sandy

loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish

brown sandy loam in the upper part; brownish yellow

sandy loam that has reddish, brownish, and grayish

mottles in the middle part; and mottled very pale brown

and brownish yellow sandy loam in the lower part. The

middle and lower parts have masses of plinthite.

The poorly drained Pelham soils are on flats and in

shallow drainageways on stream terraces and

uplands. Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray

loamy sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer

is gray loamy sand that has brownish mottles. The

subsoil is gray sandy loam in the upper part and

mottled gray and light gray sandy clay loam in the

lower part.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the well drained

Bama, Lucy, and Malbis and excessively drained

Lakeland soils on summits of ridges; the poorly

drained Grady soils in depressions; the well drained

Cowarts and Perdido and moderately well drained,

clayey Maubila soils on side slopes; the moderately

well drained Iuka and very poorly drained Dorovan

soils and Fluvaquents on flood plains; and the

moderately well drained Eunola, somewhat poorly

drained Garcon, and poorly drained Weston soils on

low terraces.

Most areas of this map unit are used for woodland

and for wildlife habitat. A small acreage is used for

cultivated crops, pasture, or hay.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited,

moderately well suited, or well suited to cultivated

crops, pasture, and hay. Erosion is a hazard in the

sloping areas. Additional concerns include

droughtiness and low fertility in areas of the Troup

soils and wetness in the Pelham soils.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited,

moderately well suited, or well suited to woodland.

They have a moderately high or high potential

productivity for slash pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf

pine. The main limitations affecting commercial timber

production are a high seedling mortality rate and an

equipment limitation in areas of the Troup and Pelham

soils.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited,

moderately well suited, or well suited to most urban

uses. Slope is a limitation affecting most uses in the

strongly sloping to steep areas. Additional concerns

include restricted permeability and a seasonal high

water table in areas of the Poarch and Pelham soils

and a potential for seepage in areas of the Troup

soils.

Areas on Coastal Lowlands

Dominated by Nearly Level to

Moderately Sloping, Sandy Mineral

Soils and Mucky Organic Soils

The four general soil map units in this group consist

of excessively drained to very poorly drained soils that

are sandy throughout the profile or that have a thick

surface tier of muck and a sandy or loamy substratum.

They make up about 14 percent of the county. More

than half of the acreage has been developed for urban

and recreational uses. Most of the remaining acreage

is used for woodland. Wetness caused by a seasonal

high water table is the main limitation. Sandy textures

and droughtiness are also management concerns in

some of the soils.

7. Pickney-Croatan

Level, very poorly drained soils that are sandy

throughout or that have thick, organic surface and

subsurface layers and a sandy or loamy substratum;

on coastal lowlands

This map unit consists of soils on flats and in large

depressions. It is in the southwestern part of the

county. Most areas are subject to ponding for long or
12 Soil Survey

very long periods. Slopes are dominantly less than 1

percent.

This map unit makes up about 10,990 acres, or

about 2.6 percent of the land area in the county. It is

about 61 percent Pickney and similar soils, 20 percent

Croatan soils, and 19 percent soils of minor extent.

The very poorly drained Pickney soils are in slightly

concave positions on broad flats and in shallow

depressions. Typically, the surface layer is black sand

about 10 inches thick. The subsurface layer is black

sand that has streaks of grayish uncoated sand. The

substratum is very dark gray coarse sand and very

dark grayish brown sand.

The very poorly drained Croatan soils are in

depressions. Typically, the surface layer is black muck

about 15 inches thick. The subsurface layer is dark

brown muck. The middle layer is dark grayish brown

loam. The substratum is gray sandy loam and loamy

sand.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the very poorly

drained Allanton and poorly drained Leon and

Pottsburg soils on the slightly higher flats and the

somewhat poorly drained Hurricane soils on convex

knolls.

Most areas of this map unit are used for woodland

and for wildlife habitat. A few areas have been

drained, filled, and developed for urban uses.

The soils in this map unit are not suited to cultivated

crops, pasture, or hay. Wetness and ponding are the

main limitations.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited to

woodland. The main limitations affecting commercial

timber production are a high seedling mortality rate

and an equipment limitation.

The soils in this map unit are not suited to most

urban uses. Wetness and ponding are severe

limitations that are difficult to overcome.

8. Lakeland-Hurricane

Nearly level to moderately sloping, excessively

drained and somewhat poorly drained soils that are

sandy throughout; on coastal lowlands

This map unit consists of soils on broad, low ridges

in the southern part of the county, primarily in and

around the city of Pensacola. The landscape consists

of long, smooth slopes and has little relief. Slopes

range from 0 to 8 percent.

This map unit makes up about 31,280 acres, or

about 7.4 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 60 percent Lakeland and similar soils, 20

percent Hurricane and similar soils, and 20 percent

soils of minor extent.

The excessively drained Lakeland soils are on

broad, gently sloping summits and on gently sloping

and moderately sloping side slopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5

inches thick. The substratum is yellowish brown sand

in the upper part and brownish yellow sand in the

lower part.

The somewhat poorly drained Hurricane soils are

on broad, nearly level and gently sloping summits of

low ridges and on toeslopes. Typically, the surface

layer is very dark grayish brown sand about 5 inches

thick. The subsurface layer is yellowish brown sand in

the upper part and light gray and very pale brown

sand in the lower part. The subsoil is dark reddish

gray and dark reddish brown sand.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the excessively

drained Kureb soils on summits, the very poorly

drained Pickney and Croatan soils in depressions, the

poorly drained Leon and Pottsburg soils on flats, and

the very poorly drained Dirego soils in salt marshes.

Most areas of this map unit have been developed

for urban use. A few small areas are used for

woodland and for wildlife habitat.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited to most

cultivated crops and are moderately well suited to

pasture and hay. The main limitations are

droughtiness and low fertility.

The soils in this map unit are moderately well suited

to woodland. They have a moderate to high potential

productivity for slash pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf

pine and a high potential productivity for sand pine.

The main limitations affecting commercial timber

production are a high seedling mortality rate and an

equipment limitation.

The soils in this map unit are moderately well suited

to most urban uses. The sandy textures, droughtiness,

and a potential for seepage are limitations. An

additional concern is the seasonal high water table in

areas of the Hurricane soils.

9. Leon-Pickney

Nearly level, poorly drained and very poorly drained

soils that are sandy throughout; on coastal lowlands

This map unit consists of soils in areas of

flatwoods, on flats, and in shallow depressions. It is in

the southern part of the county, primarily in and

around the city of Pensacola. The landscape is

generally flat and has little relief. Slope ranges from 0

to 2 percent.

This map unit makes up about 8,880 acres, or

about 2.1 percent of the land area in the county. It is

about 45 percent Leon and similar soils, 30 percent

Pickney soils, and 25 percent soils of minor extent.

The poorly drained Leon soils are in flat to convex
Escambia County, Florida 13

positions in areas of flatwoods. Typically, the surface

layer is dark gray sand about 5 inches thick. The

subsurface horizon is gray sand. The subsoil is dark

reddish brown and dark brown sand. The middle layer

is light brownish gray and very pale brown sand.

Below this is very dark brown sand.

The very poorly drained Pickney soils are in slightly

concave positions on broad flats and in shallow

depressions. Typically, the surface layer is black sand

about 10 inches thick. The subsurface layer is black

sand that has streaks of grayish uncoated sand. The

substratum is very dark gray coarse sand and very

dark grayish brown sand.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the excessively

drained Lakeland and somewhat poorly drained

Hurricane soils on convex knolls, the very poorly

drained Croatan and Allanton soils in depressions, the

poorly drained Pottsburg soils on flats, and Arents in

areas that have been drained and filled.

Most areas of this map unit have been developed

for urban uses. A few areas are used for woodland

and for wildlife habitat.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited or not

suited to most cultivated crops and are moderately

well suited or poorly suited to pasture and hay. The

main limitations are the ponding in some areas of the

Pickney soils and wetness. Additional concerns

include droughtiness and low fertility.

The soils in this map unit are moderately well suited

or poorly suited to woodland. The Leon soils have a

moderately high potential productivity for slash pine

and loblolly pine. The Pickney soils have a low

potential productivity for slash pine and loblolly pine.

The main limitations affecting commercial timber

production are a high seedling mortality rate and an

equipment limitation.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited or not

suited to most urban uses. Wetness is the main

limitation in areas of the Leon soils. Wetness and

ponding are the main limitations in areas of the

Pickney soils.

10. Corolla-Newhan-Duckston

Nearly level to rolling, somewhat poorly drained,

excessively drained, and poorly drained soils that are

sandy throughout; on coastal lowlands

This map unit consists of soils on dunes, on flats,

and in depressions and swales between dunes. It is

adjacent to the coast and on the barrier islands. The

landscape is flat to rolling. Slopes are dominantly less

than 8 percent, but they range up to 12 percent on the

higher dunes.

This map unit makes up about 7,600 acres, or

about 1.8 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 38 percent Corolla soils, 27 percent Newhan

soils, 16 percent Duckston soils, and 19 percent soils

of minor extent

The somewhat poorly drained Corolla soils are on

the lower parts of dunes and in shallow swales.

Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown sand

about 5 inches thick. The substratum is white and light

gray sand that has brown organic stains and brownish

and reddish mottles.

The excessively drained Newhan soils are on

dunes. Typically, the surface layer is gray sand about

3 inches thick. The substratum is light gray and white

sand.

The poorly drained Duckston soils are on flats and

in shallow swales and other depressions between

dunes. Typically, the surface layer is black muck and

very dark gray sand about 3 inches thick. The

substratum is light gray and white sand.

Of minor extent in this map unit are areas of

Beaches, the very poorly drained Dirego soils in salt

marshes, the poorly drained Leon soils in areas of

flatwoods, and the excessively drained Kureb and

moderately well drained Resota soils on dunes.

Many areas in this map unit have been developed

for homesites and commercial uses. A large acreage

has been left in a natural state and is used for

recreation. The dunes serve to protect the mainland

from storm surges during hurricanes.

The soils in this map unit are not suited to cultivated

crops, pasture, hay, or woodland. Salt spray from the

Gulf of Mexico is a severe limitation affecting the

growth of most trees, grasses, and cultivated crops.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited to most

urban uses. Flooding is the main limitation. Wetness in

the Corolla and Duckston soils is also a management

concern.

Areas on Flood Plains, in Swamps,

and on Low Stream Terraces

Dominated by Level to Gently

Sloping, Loamy and Sandy Mineral

Soils and Mucky Organic Soils that

are Subject to Flooding

The three general soil map units in this group

consist of excessively drained to very poorly drained

soils that are loamy or sandy throughout; that have

thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers and a

loamy subsoil; or that have mucky textures

throughout. They make up about 8 percent of the

county. Most of the acreage is used for woodland and
14 Soil Survey

for wildlife habitat. A few areas are used for cultivated

crops or pasture. Wetness and flooding limit the use of

equipment and increase the seedling mortality rate.

The wetness and flooding are the main management

concerns affecting woodland.

11. Dorovan-Fluvaquents-Pelham

Level and nearly level, very poorly drained and poorly

drained soils that are mucky throughout, that are

stratified sandy and loamy throughout, or that have

thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers and a

loamy subsoil; on flood plains and low terraces

This map unit consists of soils on flood plains and

low stream terraces adjacent to the Perdido River in

the southwestern part of the county. The landscape is

generally flat or gently undulating and has little relief.

Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Most areas of this

map unit are subject to frequent or occasional

flooding.

This map unit makes up about 16,060 acres, or

about 3.8 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 30 percent Dorovan soils, 28 percent

Fluvaquents, 20 percent Pelham and similar soils, and

22 percent soils of minor extent.

The very poorly drained Dorovan soils are in

swales, sloughs, and other depressions on flood

plains and terraces. Typically, the surface layer is dark

reddish brown muck about 8 inches thick. Below this

is black muck.

The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in the

lower parts of backswamps and in shallow

depressions. They vary significantly in color, texture,

and content of organic matter.

The poorly drained Pelham soils are on flats and in

shallow drainageways on stream terraces. Typically,

the surface layer is very dark gray loamy sand about 5

inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray loamy sand

that has brownish mottles. The subsoil is gray sandy

loam in the upper part and mottled gray and light gray

sandy clay loam in the lower part.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the excessively

drained Bigbee soils on terraces, the very poorly

drained Croatan and Pickney soils in swales, the

somewhat poorly drained Garcon and Yemassee soils

on terraces, and the somewhat poorly drained

Mantachie soils on flood plains.

Most areas of this map unit are used for woodland

and for wildlife habitat. A few small areas are used for

pasture or hay.

The Dorovan soils and Fluvaquents are not suited

to cultivated crops, pasture, or hay because of

frequent flooding and ponding. The Pelham soils are

poorly suited to these uses because of occasional

flooding and wetness.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited to

woodland. The main limitations affecting commercial

timber production are a high seedling mortality rate

and an equipment limitation.

The soils in this map unit are not suited to most

urban uses. The flooding and wetness are the main

limitations.

12. Dorovan-Fluvaquents-Mantachie

Level and nearly level, very poorly drained and

somewhat poorly drained soils that are mucky

throughout, that are stratified sandy and loamy

throughout, or that have a loamy surface layer and a

loamy subsoil; on flood plains

This map unit consists of soils on the flood plains

along the Escambia River in the southeastern part of

the county. The landscape is generally flat or gently

undulating. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Most

areas of this map unit are subject to frequent flooding.

This map unit makes up about 8,880 acres, or

about 2.1 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 40 percent Dorovan soils, 30 percent

Fluvaquents, 20 percent Mantachie and similar soils,

and 10 percent soils of minor extent.

The very poorly drained Dorovan soils are in

swales, sloughs, and other depressions on flood

plains and terraces. Typically, the surface layer is dark

reddish brown muck about 8 inches thick. Below this

is black muck.

The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in the

lower parts of backswamps and in shallow

depressions. They vary significantly in color, texture,

and content of organic matter.

The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are

on the middle and lower parts of natural levees and in

the higher positions of backswamps. Typically, the

surface layer is dark brown loam about 6 inches thick.

The subsoil is brown loam in the upper part, grayish

brown clay loam in the middle part, and mottled

grayish, brownish, and reddish sandy clay loam in the

lower part. The substratum is mottled grayish,

brownish, and reddish loam.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the excessively

drained Bigbee soils on terraces and natural levees;

the very poorly drained Croatan and Pickney soils in

swales; the somewhat poorly drained Garcon, Albany,

and Hurricane and moderately well drained Eunola

soils on terraces; and the moderately well drained Iuka

soils on flood plains.

Most areas of this map unit are used for woodland
Escambia County, Florida 15

and for wildlife habitat. A few small areas are used for

pasture or hay.

The Dorovan soils and Fluvaquents are not suited

to cultivated crops, pasture, or hay because of the

frequent flooding and the ponding. The Mantachie

soils are poorly suited to these uses because of the

frequent flooding and the wetness.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited to

woodland. The main limitations affecting commercial

timber production are a high seedling mortality rate

and an equipment limitation.

The soils in this map unit are not suited to most

urban uses. The frequent flooding and the wetness

are the main limitations.

13. Mantachie-Fluvaquents-Bigbee

Level and nearly level, somewhat poorly drained, very

poorly drained, and excessively drained soils that

have a loamy surface layer and a loamy subsoil, that

are stratified sandy and loamy throughout, or that are

sandy throughout; on flood plains

This map unit consists of soils on the flood plains

along the Escambia River in the northeastern part of

the county. The landscape is generally flat or gently

undulating and has little relief. Slopes range from 0 to

2 percent. Most areas of this map unit are subject to

frequent flooding.

This map unit makes up about 9,720 acres, or

about 2.3 percent of the land area of the county. It is

about 40 percent Mantachie and similar soils, 26

percent Fluvaquents, 15 percent Bigbee soils, and 19

percent soils of minor extent.

The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are

on the middle and lower parts of natural levees and in

the higher positions of backswamps. Typically, the

surface layer is dark brown loam about 6 inches thick.

The subsoil is brown loam in the upper part, grayish

brown clay loam in the middle part, and mottled

grayish, brownish, and reddish sandy clay loam in the

lower part. The substratum is mottled grayish,

brownish, and reddish loam.

The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in the

lower parts of backswamps and in shallow

depressions. They vary significantly in color, texture,

and content of organic matter.

The excessively drained Bigbee soils are on the

high parts of natural levees adjacent to stream

channels and on low terraces. Typically, the surface

layer is dark grayish brown fine sand about 7 inches

thick. The substratum is yellowish brown and light

yellowish brown fine sand in the upper part, white fine

sand in the middle part, and light gray fine sand in the

lower part.

Of minor extent in this map unit are the moderately

well drained Eunola and somewhat poorly drained

Albany and Hurricane soils on terraces, the very

poorly drained Dorovan and Croatan soils in swales

and sloughs, and the moderately well drained Iuka

soils on flood plains.

Most areas of this map unit are used for woodland

and for wildlife habitat. A few small areas are used for

pasture or hay.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited to

cultivated crops, pasture, and hay. The main limitation

is the flooding. Additional concerns include wetness in

the Mantachie soils and Fluvaquents and droughtiness

in the Bigbee soils.

The soils in this map unit are poorly suited to

woodland. The main limitations affecting commercial

timber production are a high seedling mortality rate

and an equipment limitation.

The soils in this map unit are not suited to most

urban uses. The frequent flooding and the wetness

are the main limitations.

17

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps

in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous

areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in

this section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some minor components that belong to taxonomic

classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of

the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, inclusions. They may

or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit

description. Other minor components, however, have

properties and behavioral characteristics divergent

enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or

dissimilar, inclusions. They generally are in small

areas and could not be mapped separately because of

the scale used. Some small areas of strongly

contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified

by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting

components are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few areas of minor components may

not have been observed, and consequently they are

not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where

the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to

make enough observations to identify all the soils and

miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor inclusions in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into landforms or landform segments that

have similar use and management requirements. The

delineation of such segments on the map provides

sufficient information for the development of resource

plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,

however, onsite investigation is needed to define and

locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit and gives the principal

hazards and limitations to be considered in planning

for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer, all the soils of a series have major

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer, slope, salinity, degree of erosion, and

other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis

of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil

phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil

maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil

phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use

or management. For example, Bonifay loamy sand, 0

to 5 percent slopes, is a phase of the Bonifay series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

complexes or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in

such small areas that they cannot be shown

separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of

the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar

in all areas. Troup-Poarch complex, 5 to 8 percent

slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be

mapped individually but are mapped as one unit

because similar interpretations can be made for use

and management. The pattern and proportion of the

Detailed Soil Map Units
18 Soil Survey

soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not

uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the

major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made

up of all of them. Croatan and Pickney soils,

depressional, is an undifferentiated group in this

survey area.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Urban land is an example.

Table 3 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for

many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms

used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

2—Duckston sand, frequently

flooded

This very deep, poorly drained, sandy soil is in the

coastal lowlands. It is on nearly level flats and in

depressions or swales on the barrier islands and near

coastal beaches on the mainland. It is subject to

frequent flooding for brief periods. Slopes are 0 to 1

percent. Individual areas are irregular in shape. They

range from 3 to about 20 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer consists of a layer of

black muck about 0.5 inch thick overlying a layer of

very dark gray sand about 3 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of 80 inches is light gray and

white sand.

Important properties of the Duckston soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot throughout the year

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Very rapid

Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Corolla and Dirego soils. The somewhat poorly

drained Corolla soils are in the slightly higher, more

convex positions, generally near the upper edges of

mapped areas. The very poorly drained Dirego soils

are in the lower positions and have an organic surface

layer that is 20 to 44 inches thick. Also included are a

few small areas of soils that are similar to the

Duckston soil but have up to 8 inches of muck on the

surface. They are in slightly lower positions than those

of the Duckston soil. Included soils make up about 10

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 1 acre in size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, woodland, urban uses, or recreational uses

because of wetness and the flooding.

The capability subclass is VIIw. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. It is

in the Salt Marsh ecological community.

3—Corolla-Duckston sands, gently

undulating, flooded

This map unit consists of the very deep, somewhat

poorly drained Corolla soil and the poorly drained

Duckston soil. It is in gently undulating areas of low

dunes and swales in the coastal lowlands. The soils

occur as areas so intricately intermingled that they

could not be mapped separately at the scale selected

for mapping. The Corolla soil makes up about 50

percent of the map unit, and the Duckston soil makes

up about 35 percent. Slopes generally are short and

complex. They range from 2 to 5 percent in areas of

the Corolla soil and are 0 to 1 percent in areas of the

Duckston soil. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 5 to about 150 acres in size.

The Corolla soil generally is on slightly convex, low

dunes and on convex slopes of flats. Typically, the

surface layer is grayish brown sand about 5 inches

thick. The substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches.

It is very pale brown sand in the upper part, white

sand that has strong brown and yellowish red mottles

in the middle part, and light gray sand in the lower

part.

Important properties of the Corolla soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 3 feet throughout the year

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Very rapid

Flooding: Rare

The Duckston soil generally is in shallow

depressions or swales between low dunes. Typically,

the surface layer consists of a layer of black muck

about 0.5 inch thick overlying a layer of very dark gray

sand about 3 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of 80 inches is light gray and white sand.

Important properties of the Duckston soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot throughout the year

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Very rapid

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Newhan and Dirego soils. The excessively drained

Newhan soils are on the higher parts of dunes. The

very poorly drained Dirego soils are in lower positions
Escambia County, Florida 19

than those of the Duckston soil and have an organic

surface layer that is 20 to 44 inches thick. Also

included are soils that are similar to Duckston soil but

have up to 8 inches of muck on the surface. Included

soils make up about 15 percent of the map unit.

Individual areas generally are less than 1 acre in size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, hayland, or woodland because most areas

receive salt spray from the Gulf of Mexico. Additional

management concerns include droughtiness and

wetness.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban and

recreational uses because of the flooding and

wetness. Additional management concerns include the

sandy textures, droughtiness, and salt spray.

The capability subclass is VIIs in areas of the

Corolla soil and VIIw in areas of the Duckston soil.

This map unit has not been assigned a woodland

ordination symbol. The Corolla part is in the North

Florida Coastal Strand ecological community, and the

Duckston part is in the Salt Marsh ecological

community.

4—Pickney sand

This very deep, very poorly drained, sandy soil is in

the coastal lowlands. It is on nearly level flats. Slopes

are flat or slightly concave and are generally less than

1 percent. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 10 to about 700 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is black sand about 10

inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to a depth

of 35 inches. It is black sand that has streaks and

pockets of gray sand. The substratum extends to a

depth of 80 inches. It is very dark gray coarse sand in

the upper part and very dark grayish brown sand in

the lower part.

Important properties of the Pickney soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot from December through July

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Allanton, Pelham, and Pottsburg soils. The very poorly

drained Allanton soils are in slightly lower positions

than those of the Pickney soil. The Pelham and

Pottsburg soils are in slightly higher positions than

those of the Pickney soil and do not have thick, dark

surface and subsurface layers. Also included are a

few small areas of very poorly drained soils that have

a surface layer of mucky sand. They are in shallow

depressions. Included soils make up about 15 percent

of the map unit. Individual areas generally are less

than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, hay, woodland, urban uses, or recreational

uses because of wetness.

The capability subclass is VIw. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. It is

in the Pitcher Plant Bogs ecological communities.

5—Croatan and Pickney soils,

depressional

This map unit consists of the very deep, very poorly

drained Croatan and Pickney soils in depressions in

the coastal lowlands. These soils are subject to

ponding for several months in most years. The

composition of the unit is variable. Some areas mainly

consist of the Croatan soil, some areas mainly consist

of the Pickney soil, and other areas contain both soils

in variable proportions. In a typical area, the Croatan

soil makes up about 45 percent of the map unit and

the Pickney soil makes up about 35 percent. Slopes

are 0 to 1 percent. Individual areas are rounded or

oblong in shape. They range from 10 to about 250

acres in size.

The Croatan soil is commonly in the lower parts of

the depressions. Typically, the surface layer is black

muck about 15 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 25 inches. It is dark brown

muck. Below this is a buried surface layer of dark

grayish brown loam to a depth of 33 inches. The

substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is gray

sandy loam in the upper part, gray loamy sand in the

middle part, and gray and dark gray sand in the lower

part.

Important properties of the Croatan soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 1 foot

above the surface to a depth of 1/2 foot from

December through July

Available water capacity: Very high

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Duration of ponding: Very long

The Pickney soil is commonly in shallow

depressions or in the higher parts of deep

depressions. Typically, the surface layer is black

sand about 10 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 35 inches. It is black sand

that has streaks and pockets of gray sand. The

substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is
20 Soil Survey

very dark gray coarse sand in the upper part and

very dark grayish brown sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Pickney soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 1 foot

above the surface to a depth of 1/2 foot from

December through July

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: None

Duration of ponding: Very long

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Dorovan soils. The Dorovan soils are in the deeper

parts of depressions and do not have mineral soil

horizons within a depth of 51 inches. Also included

are small areas of mineral soils that are similar to

the Pickney soil but have a dark surface layer that

is less than 24 inches thick. These soils are in

slightly higher positions than those of the Pickney

soil. Included soils make up about 20 percent of the

map unit. Individual areas generally are less than 3

acres in size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, hay, woodland, urban uses, or recreational

uses because of wetness and ponding.

The capability subclass is VIIw. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. It is

in the Swamp Hardwoods ecological community.

6—Dirego muck, tidal

This very deep, very poorly drained soil is in the

coastal lowlands. It is in tidal marshes on the

barrier islands and bordering the bays and lagoons

adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico. These soils are

subject to daily flooding by fluctuating tides. Slopes

are less than 1 percent. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 10 to about 400

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown muck

about 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth

of 35 inches is black muck. The substratum extends to

a depth of 80 inches. It is dark grayish brown fine sand

in the upper part and grayish brown fine sand in the

lower part.

Important properties of the Dirego soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1 foot throughout the year

Available water capacity: Very high

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: Very frequent (twice daily) for very brief

periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Duckston soils in the slightly higher positions near the

upper edges of mapped areas. The Duckston soils are

sandy throughout. Also included are small areas of

mineral soils that have a surface layer of muck that is

less than 16 inches thick. Included soils make up

about 10 percent of the map unit. Individual areas

generally are less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, hay, woodland, urban use, or recreational

uses because of wetness, the frequent flooding, and a

high content of salt and sulfur in the soil.

The capability subclass is VIIIw. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. It is

in the Salt Marsh ecological community.

7—Kureb sand, 0 to 8 percent

slopes

This very deep, excessively drained, sandy soil is

on undulating, low ridges, knolls, and old dunes in the

coastal lowlands. Slopes generally are short and

complex. Individual areas commonly are parallel to the

coast and are long and narrow. They range from 15 to

about 70 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray sand

about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to

a depth of 19 inches. It is white sand. The next layer

extends to a depth of 36 inches. It is brownish yellow

sand that has streaks of white sand and thin bands of

dark brown sand. The substratum to a depth of 80

inches is brownish yellow and yellow sand.

Important properties of the Kureb soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Lakeland, Leon, and Resota soils. The Lakeland

soils are in positions similar to those of the Kureb

soil and do not have bands or streaks of dark brown

sand in the substratum. The poorly drained Leon

soils are in shallow depressions and have dark

colored, organic-matter enriched subsoil layers.

The moderately well drained Resota soils are in

slightly lower positions than those of the Kureb soil.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas are generally less than 5

acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.
Escambia County, Florida 21

The main management concerns are the very low

available water capacity, very low fertility, and the

hazard of erosion. Irrigation is needed for the

production of cultivated crops in most years.

Leaching of plant nutrients is also a management

concern. Frequent, light applications of fertilizer are

necessary to maintain the productivity of most

crops.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass are

commonly grown grasses and are well adapted to

the local conditions. The main management

concerns are the very low available water capacity,

very low fertility, and rapid leaching of nutrients.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during prolonged dry periods help

to keep the pasture in good condition. Frequent,

light applications of nitrogen are necessary to

maintain the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to sand pine, slash pine,

loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. The potential

productivity is moderate for sand pine and low for

slash pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. Moderate

limitations affect timber management. The main

management concerns are an equipment limitation,

seedling mortality, and plant competition. The sandy

texture of the surface layer restricts the use of

wheeled equipment, especially when the soil is very

dry. Harvesting activities should be planned for

seasons when the soil is moist. The high seedling

mortality rate is caused by droughtiness. It can be

compensated for by increasing the number of trees

planted. Plant competition reduces timber yields and

can prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by mechanical methods,

herbicides, or prescribed burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local roads

and streets and has slight to severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the sandy texture,

seepage, and droughtiness. Cutbanks are unstable

and subject to slumping. Support beams should be

used to maintain the stability of the cutbanks. If this

unit is used as a site for a septic tank absorption field,

effluent can surface in downslope areas or impact the

water table and create a health hazard. Mounding with

suitable fill material increases the filtering capacity of

the field. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concerns are the sandy

texture and the slope.

The capability subclass is VIIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 4S for slash pine. This map unit is

in the Sand Pine Scrub ecological community.

8—Newhan-Corolla complex,

rolling, rarely flooded

This map unit consists of the excessively drained

Newhan soil and the somewhat poorly drained Corolla

soil. It is on sand dunes on the barrier islands and

adjacent to coastal beaches on the mainland (fig. 2).

The soils occur as areas so intricately intermingled

that they could not be mapped separately at the scale

selected for mapping. The Newhan soil makes up

about 55 percent of the map unit, and the Corolla soil

makes up about 30 percent. Slopes are short and

complex and range from 2 to 15 percent. Individual

areas are generally long and narrow. They range from

about 10 to 400 acres in size.

The Newhan soil generally is on the higher parts of

dunes. Typically, the surface layer is gray sand about

3 inches thick. The substratum extends to a depth of

80 inches. It is light gray sand in the upper part and

white sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Newhan soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Very rapid

Flooding: Rare

The Corolla soil generally is on the lower parts of

dunes and in shallow swales between dunes.

Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown sand

about 5 inches thick. The substratum extends to a

depth of 80 inches. It is very pale brown sand in the

upper part, white sand that has strong brown and

yellowish red mottles in the middle part, and light gray

sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Corolla soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 3 feet throughout the year

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Very rapid

Flooding: Rare

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Duckston soils in interdunal swales and depressions.

Also included are soils that are similar to the Corolla

and Newhan soils but have a seasonal high water

table at a depth of 3 to 6 feet. Included soils make up

about 15 percent of the map unit.
22 Soil Survey

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, hay, or woodland because of salt spray from

the Gulf of Mexico. Additional management concerns

include droughtiness and the wetness in the Corolla

soil.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban and

recreational uses because of the flooding and the

wetness in the Corolla soils. Additional management

concerns include the slope, the sandy textures,

droughtiness, and salt spray.

The capability subclass is VIIIs. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. It is

in the North Florida Coastal Strand ecological

community.

9—Leon sand

This very deep, poorly drained, sandy soil is in the

coastal lowlands. It is in areas of nearly level

flatwoods. Slopes are flat or slightly concave and are

generally less than 2 percent. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 10 to about 150

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark gray sand

about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer extends

to a depth of 18 inches. It is gray sand. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is dark reddish

brown and dark brown sand in the upper part, light

brownish gray and very pale brown sand in the

Figure 2.—Sand dunes in an area of Newhan-Corolla complex, rolling, rarely flooded. Sea oats help to stabilize the dunes. The

white sand beaches and sand dunes along the Gulf of Mexico are major attractions in Escambia County.
Escambia County, Florida 23

middle part, and very dark brown sand in the lower

part.

Important properties of the Leon soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1/2

to 11/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Hurricane, Pickney, and Pottsburg soils. The

somewhat poorly drained Hurricane soils are on low

knolls and do not have organic-enriched subsoil layers

within a depth of 30 inches. The very poorly drained

Pickney soils are in small depressions. The Pottsburg

soils are in positions similar to those of the Leon soil

and do not have organic-enriched subsoil layers within

a depth of 30 inches. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are wetness, low

available water capacity, low fertility, and leaching of

plant nutrients. Installing a drainage system that

includes open ditches, perforated tile, or land shaping;

using supplemental irrigation; and planting crop

varieties that are adapted to droughty conditions

increase crop production. If irrigation is used, applying

the water frequently in light amounts helps to prevent

leaching of plant nutrients and pesticides to below the

plant roots.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture and hay. The

seasonal wetness and droughtiness are the main

management concerns. Grasses that are tolerant of

wet conditions should be selected. Shallow ditches

can help to remove excess water from the surface.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted

grazing during wet periods help to keep the pasture in

good condition. Applications of fertilizer and lime are

needed for the maximum production of forage.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine (fig. 3). The potential productivity is

moderate. Severe limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. Harvesting activities should be planned

for seasons when the soil is dry. Using standard

wheeled and tracked equipment when the soil is wet

results in rutting and compaction. Using low-pressure

ground equipment minimizes rutting and the damage

caused to tree roots by compaction. Planting

seedlings on raised beds helps to establish the

seedlings and increases the seedling survival rate.

Plant competition reduces timber yields and can

prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by site preparation,

herbicides, or prescribed burning. Applications of

fertilizer can increase yields.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

Wetness is a severe limitation affecting building sites,

local roads and streets, and most kinds of sanitary

facilities. Additional management concerns include the

sandy texture and droughtiness. Because of the

seasonal high water table during winter and spring, a

drainage system is needed for buildings. A deep

drainage system can help to lower the water table.

Constructing roads on raised, well-compacted fill

material helps to overcome the wetness. Septic tank

absorption fields do not function properly during rainy

periods because of the wetness. Constructing the

absorption field on a raised bed helps to compensate

for this limitation. Using supplemental irrigation and

seeding or planting varieties that are adapted to

droughty conditions increase the survival rate of

grasses and landscaping plants.

Figure 3.—Typical woodland vegetation in an area of Leon

sand. The understory vegetation consists primarily of

saw palmetto, gallberry, and assorted grasses and forbs.
24 Soil Survey

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

Wetness and the sandy texture are the main

management concerns.

The capability subclass is IVw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 8W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the North Florida Flatwoods ecological

community.

10—Beaches

This map unit is in the coastal lowlands in the

southern part of the county. It is a miscellaneous

land type that consists of narrow strips of tidewashed sand on the coast and on barrier islands.

Beaches are subject to daily flooding by fluctuating

tides and wave action. The shape and slope of the

beaches commonly change due to storm surges

and wave action. Most areas have a uniform, gentle

slope, but some areas have a short, steep slope at

the water’s edge. Individual areas are long and

narrow, generally ranging from 200 to 500 feet in

width.

Most areas of Beaches consist of thick deposits of

thinly stratified fine white sand. In most areas,

common or many shell fragments and dark sand

grains are throughout the profile. A typifying profile

was not selected.

Important properties of Beaches—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot throughout the year

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: Very frequent for very brief periods due to

fluctuating tides

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Newhan, Corolla, and Duckston soils. The Newhan

and Corolla soils are on sand dunes and are not

subject to daily flooding by fluctuating tides. The poorly

drained Duckston soils are in shallow swales and

other depressions. Included soils make up less than

10 percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally

are less than 1 acre in size

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, hay, woodland, or most urban uses because

of the flooding, wetness, and the instability of the

landforms. Beaches provide access to the Gulf of

Mexico and are used extensively for recreational

activities.

The capability subclass is VIIIw. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol or

an ecological community.

11—Hurricane sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes

This very deep, somewhat poorly drained soil is in

nearly level and gently sloping positions on low ridges

and knolls in the coastal lowlands. Slopes are long

and smooth. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 3 to about 100 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface

layer extends to a depth of 58 inches. It is yellowish

brown sand in the upper part, light gray sand that has

brownish mottles in the middle part, and white sand in

the lower part. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is dark reddish gray sand in the upper part

and dark reddish brown sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Hurricane soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 31/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Foxworth, Lakeland, Leon, Pickney, and Pottsburg

soils. The moderately well drained Foxworth and

excessively drained Lakeland soils are in slightly

higher positions than those of the Hurricane soil and

do not have dark colored subsoil layers within a depth

of 60 inches. The poorly drained Leon and Pottsburg

soils are in slightly lower, less convex positions than

those of the Hurricane soil. The very poorly drained

Pickney soils are in small depressions and have a

thick, black surface layer. Included soils make up

about 15 percent of the map unit. Individual areas

generally are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are wetness and the

very low available water capacity. Additional

management concerns include soil blowing, very low

fertility, and rapid leaching of plant nutrients. A watercontrol system that removes excess water in wet

seasons and provides supplemental irrigation in dry

seasons maximizes productivity. Conservation tillage,

winter cover crops, crop residue management, and

crop rotations that include grasses and legumes

increase the amount of available water, decrease soil

blowing, and improve fertility of the soil. Applying lime

and fertilizer on the basis of soil testing increases the

availability of plant nutrients and maximizes

productivity. Using split applications increases the

effectiveness of fertilizer and herbicides.
Escambia County, Florida 25

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Wetness

and the very low available water capacity are the main

management concerns. Coastal bermudagrass and

bahiagrass are adapted to the local conditions.

Shallow ditches can help to remove excess surface

water. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during very wet or very dry periods

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

Applications of lime and fertilizer improve fertility and

increase the production of forage. Using split

applications increases the effectiveness of fertilizer

and herbicides.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderate, and moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are

an equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and

plant competition. The sandy texture of the surface

layer restricts the use of wheeled equipment,

especially when the soil is very dry. Wetness limits

the use of equipment during winter and spring.

Using low-pressure ground equipment minimizes

the damage to the soil and helps to maintain

productivity. The moderate seedling mortality rate is

caused by droughtiness. It can be compensated for

by increasing the number of trees planted. Plant

competition can prevent adequate reforestation

unless sites receive appropriate site preparation

and maintenance. Site preparation can control the

initial plant competition, and herbicides can control

subsequent growth.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban

uses. Wetness is a severe limitation affecting

building sites, local roads and streets, and most

kinds of sanitary facilities. Additional limitations

include the instability of cutbanks, trafficability, and

droughtiness. Because of the seasonal high water

table during winter and spring, a drainage system is

needed for buildings. Installing a subsurface

drainage system helps to lower the water table.

Cutbanks are unstable and subject to slumping.

Support beams should be used to maintain the

stability of the cutbanks. Constructing roads on

raised, well-compacted fill material helps to

overcome the wetness. Septic tank absorption

fields do not function properly during rainy periods

because of the wetness. Constructing the

absorption field on a raised bed helps to

compensate for this limitation and provides

increased filtering capacity. Quickly establishing

permanent ground cover helps to stabilize the soil

and improves trafficability. Applying lime and

fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating help to establish

lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is poorly suited to most recreational

uses. It has severe and moderate limitations affecting

most uses. The sandy texture and wetness are the

main management concerns.

The capability subclass is IIIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

12—Croatan muck, depressional

This very deep, very poorly drained soil is in

shallow depressions of the coastal lowlands in the

southern part of the county. Slopes are long and

smooth and are less than 1 percent. Individual areas

are generally circular or oblong. They range from 3 to

about 15 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is black muck about 15

inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to a depth

of 25 inches. It is dark brown muck. Below this is a

buried surface layer of dark grayish brown loam to a

depth of 33 inches. The substratum extends to a depth

of 80 inches. It is gray sandy loam in the upper part,

gray loamy sand in the middle part, and gray and dark

gray sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Croatan soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 1 foot

above the surface to a depth of 1/2 foot from

December through July

Available water capacity: Very high

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Duration of ponding: Very long

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Dorovan and Grady soils. The Dorovan soils are in

the lower parts of the depressions and have organic

layers to a depth of 51 inches or more. The Grady

soils are in the upper parts of the depressions and

do not have organic layers. Also included are soils

that are similar to the Croatan soil but that have

organic layers that are less than 16 inches thick.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas are generally less than 3

acres in size.

This map unit is severely limited for use as

cropland, pasture, or woodland or for urban or

recreational uses because of the wetness, the thick

organic layers, and ponding. A site that has better

suited soils should be selected.

The capability subclass is VIIw. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. It is

in the Swamp Hardwoods ecological community.
26 Soil Survey

13—Lakeland sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes

This very deep, excessively drained, sandy soil is

on nearly level summits and gently sloping shoulder

slopes of broad ridges. Slopes are long and smooth.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 20 to about 300 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

sand about 5 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of 80 inches is yellowish brown and brownish yellow

sand.

Important properties of the Lakeland soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Foxworth, Poarch, and Troup soils. The

Bonifay, Foxworth, and Troup soils are in positions

similar to those of the Lakeland soil. The Bonifay and

Troup soils have loamy subsoil layers within a depth of

40 to 80 inches. The Foxworth soils have a seasonally

high water table within a depth of 6 feet. The Poarch

soils are on small knolls and are loamy throughout.

Also included are small areas of Lakeland soils that

have slopes of more than 5 percent. Included soils

make up about 15 percent of the map unit. Individual

areas are generally less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the very low available

water capacity, very low fertility, and a moderate

hazard of erosion. In most years, irrigation can

prevent damage to crops and can increase

productivity. Returning crop residue to the soil helps to

maintain tilth and increases the available water

capacity. Minimum tillage, contour farming, and cover

crops reduce the runoff rate and help to control

erosion. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a

management concern. Most crops respond well to

applications of lime and to frequent, light applications

of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass are

commonly grown grasses and are well adapted to

the local conditions. The main management

concerns are the very low available water capacity,

very low fertility, and rapid leaching of nutrients.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during prolonged dry periods help

to keep the pasture in good condition. Frequent,

light applications of nitrogen are necessary to

maintain the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to sand pine, slash pine,

loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. The potential

productivity is high for sand pine and moderate for

slash pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. Moderate

limitations affect timber management. The main

management concerns are an equipment limitation,

seedling mortality, and plant competition. The sandy

texture of the surface layer restricts the use of

wheeled equipment, especially when the soil is very

dry. Harvesting activities should be planned for

seasons when the soil is moist. The moderate

seedling mortality rate is caused by droughtiness. It

can be compensated for by increasing the number of

trees planted. Plant competition reduces timber yields

and can prevent adequate reforestation. The

competing vegetation can be controlled by mechanical

methods, herbicides, or prescribed burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local roads

and streets and has slight to severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the sandy texture,

seepage, and droughtiness. Cutbanks are unstable

and subject to slumping. Support beams should be

used to maintain the stability of the cutbanks. If this

unit is used as a site for a septic tank absorption field,

effluent can surface in downslope areas or impact the

water table and create a health hazard. Mounding with

suitable fill material increases the filtering capacity of

the field. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concern is the sandy

texture.

The capability subclass is IVs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 5S for slash pine. This map unit is

in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

14—Allanton-Pottsburg complex

This map unit consists of the very poorly drained

Allanton soil and the poorly drained Pottsburg soil. The

Allanton soil is on nearly level flats and in shallow

depressions, and the Pottsburg soil is in areas of

flatwoods. It is in the coastal lowlands in the southern

part of the county. The areas are so intricately

intermingled that they could not be mapped separately

at the scale selected for mapping. The Allanton soil

makes up about 60 percent of the map unit, and the
Escambia County, Florida 27

Pottsburg soil makes up about 30 percent. Slopes are

long and smooth and range from 0 to 2 percent.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 10 to 250 acres in size.

The Allanton soil is on flats and in rounded

depressions. Typically, the surface layer is black and

very dark gray sand about 17 inches thick. The

subsurface layer extends to a depth of 53 inches. It is

grayish brown sand in the upper part and light gray

sand in the lower part. The subsoil extends to a depth

of 80 inches. It is dark brown sand in the upper part

and dark reddish brown sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Allanton soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

The Pottsburg soil is in areas of flatwoods in slightly

higher positions than those of the Allanton soil.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown

sand about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 53 inches. It is brown sand in the

upper part and light brownish gray sand in the lower

part. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is

dark reddish brown sand in the upper part and black

sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Pottsburg soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1/2

to 1 foot from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Pelham and Pickney soils. The poorly drained Pelham

soils are in positions similar to those of the Pottsburg

soil and have loamy subsoil layers within a depth of 20

to 40 inches. The very poorly drained Pickney soils

are in slightly lower positions than those of the

Allanton soil and do not have organic-enriched layers

in the substratum. Included soils make up about 10

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are ponding in areas

of the Allanton soil and wetness. Additional

management concerns include the low available water

capacity, very low fertility, and rapid leaching of plant

nutrients. A water-control system that removes excess

water in wet seasons and provides supplemental

irrigation in dry seasons maximizes productivity.

Conservation tillage, winter cover crops, crop residue

management, and crop rotations that include grasses

and legumes increase the amount of available water,

decrease wetness, and improve fertility of the soils.

Applying lime and fertilizer on the basis of soil testing

increases the availability of plant nutrients and

maximizes productivity. Using split applications

increases the effectiveness of fertilizer and herbicides.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay.

The main management concerns are the ponding in

areas of the Allanton soil and wetness. Shallow

ditches can help to remove excess surface water.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted

grazing during very wet or very dry periods help to

keep the pasture in good condition. Applications of

lime and fertilizer improve fertility and increase the

production of forage. Using split applications increases

the effectiveness of fertilizer and herbicides.

This map unit is suited to slash pine and loblolly

pine. The potential productivity is moderately high, but

severe limitations affect timber management. The

main management concerns are an equipment

limitation, seedling mortality, and plant competition.

Harvesting activities should be planned for seasons

when the soils are dry. Using standard wheeled and

tracked equipment when the soils are wet results in

rutting and compaction. Using low-pressure ground

equipment minimizes rutting and the damage caused

to tree roots by compaction. Planting seedlings on

raised beds helps to establish the seedlings and

increases the seedling survival rate. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be

controlled by site preparation, herbicides, or

prescribed burning. Applications of fertilizer can

increase yields.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

Wetness is a severe limitation affecting building sites,

local roads and streets, and most kinds of sanitary

facilities. Because of the seasonal high water table

during winter and spring, a drainage system is needed

for buildings. A deep drainage system can help to

lower the water table. Constructing roads on raised,

well-compacted fill material helps to overcome the

wetness. Septic tank absorption fields do not function

properly during rainy periods because of the wetness.

Constructing the absorption field on a raised bed helps

to compensate for this limitation.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

It has severe limitations affecting most uses. Wetness

and ponding are the main management concerns.

The capability subclass is VIw in areas of the

Allanton soil and IVw in areas of the Pottsburg soil.

The woodland ordination symbol is 10W for slash
28 Soil Survey

pine. This map unit is in the Flats ecological

community.

15—Resota sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

gently sloping knolls and low ridges in the coastal

lowlands. Slopes are long and smooth. Individual

areas are irregular in shape. They range from 100 to

about 450 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is gray sand about 3

inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to a depth

of 19 inches. It is white sand. The subsoil extends to a

depth of 65 inches. It is brownish yellow sand that has

streaks of white sand in the upper part, is yellow sand

in the middle part, and is very pale brown sand in the

lower part. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches is

white sand.

Important properties of the Resota soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 31/2

to 6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Very rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Kureb, Hurricane, Lakeland, and Leon soils. The

excessively drained Kureb and Lakeland soils are in

slightly higher positions than those of the Resota soil

and do not have a seasonally high water table within a

depth of 6 feet. The somewhat poorly drained

Hurricane and poorly drained Leon soils are on flats

and in swales. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are the very low

available water capacity, very low fertility, and a

moderate hazard of erosion. In most years, irrigation

can prevent damage to crops and can increase

productivity. Returning crop residue to the soil helps to

maintain tilth and increases the available water

capacity. Minimum tillage, contour farming, and cover

crops reduce the runoff rate and help to control

erosion. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a concern.

Most crops respond well to applications of lime and to

frequent, light applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are commonly grown

grasses and are well adapted to the local conditions.

The main management concerns are the very low

available water capacity, very low fertility, and rapid

leaching of nutrients. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged dry

periods help to keep the pasture in good condition.

Frequent, light applications of nitrogen are necessary

to maintain the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to sand pine, slash pine,

loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. The potential

productivity is moderate, and moderate limitations

affect timber management. The main management

concerns are an equipment limitation, seedling

mortality, and plant competition. The sandy texture of

the surface layer restricts the use of wheeled

equipment, especially when the soil is very dry.

Harvesting activities should be planned for seasons

when the soil is moist. The moderate seedling

mortality rate is caused by droughtiness. It can be

compensated for by increasing the number of trees

planted. Plant competition reduces timber yields and

can prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by mechanical methods,

herbicides, or prescribed burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight or moderate limitations affecting building sites

and local roads and streets and has slight to severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the sandy

texture, the seasonal high water table, seepage, and

droughtiness. Cutbanks are unstable and subject to

slumping. Support beams should be used to maintain

the stability of the cutbanks. If this unit is used as a

site for a septic tank absorption field, effluent can

surface in downslope areas or impact the water table

and create a health hazard. Mounding with suitable fill

material increases the filtering capacity of the field.

Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating

help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concern is the sandy

texture.

The capability subclass is VIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 8S for slash pine. This map unit is

in the Sand Pine Scrub ecological community.

16—Arents-Urban land complex

This map unit consists of very deep Arents and

areas of Urban land on uplands. It is primarily in the

southwestern part of the county. The areas of Arents

and Urban land are so closely intermingled that they

could not be mapped separately at the scale selected

for mapping. The Arents make up about 50 percent of

the map unit, and the Urban land makes up about 40

percent. Slopes generally are less than 2 percent.
Escambia County, Florida 29

Individual areas are rectangular. They range from 5 to

more than 50 acres in size.

The Arents consist of earthen materials that have

been so modified by construction activities that the

original soil components are no longer recognizable.

The original soils were altered by cutting and filling,

shaping and grading, and compacting. Fragments of

the subsurface and subsoil layers of the natural soil

are throughout most pedons. In many areas, the

Arents consist of materials hauled in from other

sources. The Arents can be highly variable within a

short distance and can be sandy, loamy, or stratified

with various textures. Fragments of concrete, wood,

and metal and other debris from construction activities

commonly are mixed in the Arents.

Important properties of the Arents—

Seasonal high water table: Variable

Available water capacity: Variable

Permeability: Variable

Flooding: None

The Urban land consists of areas that are covered

by sidewalks, patios, driveways, parking lots, streets,

playgrounds, and buildings.

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

unaltered soils, mostly Allanton, Pelham, Pickney, and

Pottsburg soils. They are generally on the edges of

mapped areas or are covered by less than 20 inches

of fill material. Also included are a few small, waterfilled depressions, ditches, and canals. Included areas

make up about 10 percent of the map unit. Individual

areas are generally less than 1 acre in size.

The Arents cannot easily be managed for crops,

pasture, timber, or wildlife habitat because of the

limited size of the areas, the areas of Urban land, and

the variability in soil properties. Onsite investigation

and testing are needed to determine the suitability of

areas of this unit.

This map unit has not been assigned a capability

subclass, woodland ordination symbol, or ecological

community.

17—Kureb sand, 8 to 12 percent

slopes

This very deep, excessively drained, sandy soil is

on strongly sloping side slopes of ridges, knolls, and

old dunes in the coastal lowlands. Slopes generally

are short and complex. Individual areas are irregular in

shape. They range from 5 to about 20 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray sand

about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to

a depth of 19 inches. It is white sand. Below this to a

depth of 36 inches is brownish yellow sand that has

streaks of white sand and thin bands of dark brown

sand. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches is

brownish yellow and yellow sand.

Important properties of the Kureb soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Hurricane, Lakeland, and Resota soils. The somewhat

poorly drained Hurricane and moderately well drained

Resota soils are in swales and on the lower parts of

slopes. The Lakeland soils are in positions similar to

those of the Kureb soil and do not have streaks or

organic-enriched subsoil layers. Included soils make

up about 10 percent of the map unit. Individual areas

generally are less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is severely limited for cultivated crops

because of the slope, the hazard of erosion, and the

very low available water capacity. A site that has better

suited soils should be selected.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well

adapted to the local conditions. The main

management concerns are the slope, very low fertility,

and the very low available water capacity. In the

steeper areas, the slope can limit equipment use if hay

is harvested. Preparing seedbeds on the contour or

across the slope reduces the hazard of erosion and

increases the germination rate. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged dry periods help to keep the pasture in

good condition. Frequent, light applications of nitrogen

are necessary to maintain the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to sand pine, slash pine,

loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. The potential

productivity is moderate for sand pine and low for

slash pine, loblolly pine, and longleaf pine. Moderate

limitations affect timber management. The main

management concerns are an equipment limitation,

seedling mortality, and plant competition. The sandy

texture of the surface layer restricts the use of

wheeled equipment, especially when the soil is very

dry. Harvesting activities should be planned for

seasons when the soil is moist. The high seedling

mortality rate is caused by droughtiness. It can be

compensated for by increasing the number of trees

planted. Plant competition reduces timber yields and

can prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by mechanical methods,

herbicides, or prescribed burning. Installing broad-
30 Soil Survey

based dips, water bars, and culverts helps to stabilize

logging roads, skid trails, and landings. Reseeding all

disturbed areas with adapted grasses and legumes

reduces the hazard of erosion and the siltation of

streams.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

It has moderate limitations affecting building sites and

local roads and streets and has slight to severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the slope and

seepage. Cutbanks are unstable and subject to

slumping. Support beams should be used to maintain

the stability of the cutbanks. If this unit is used as a

site for a septic tank absorption field, effluent can

surface in downslope areas and create a health

hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption lines

and constructing the lines on the contour help to

overcome this hazard. The sandy texture, the hazard

of erosion, and the very low available water capacity

are additional concerns. Vegetating cleared and

graded areas as soon as possible or constructing silt

fences helps to maintain soil stability and helps to

keep soil on the site. Applying lime and fertilizer,

mulching, and irrigating help to establish lawns and

landscape plants.

This map unit is poorly suited to most recreational

uses. It has moderate or severe limitations affecting

most uses. The main management concerns are the

sandy texture and the slope.

The capability subclass is VIIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 4S for slash pine. This map unit is

in the Sand Pine Scrub ecological community.

18—Pits

This map unit consists of open excavations from

which the original soil and underlying material have

been removed for use at another location. Pits are

scattered throughout the county, primarily on terraces

that parallel large streams and on sandy or loamy

uplands. Individual areas generally are rectangular

and range from 5 to 25 acres in size. Areas smaller

than 5 acres are identified on the soil maps by a

special symbol.

In the uplands, this map unit is mainly in areas

where Bama, Lakeland, Lucy, Perdido, Poarch, Red

Bay, and Troup soils have been removed to a depth of

5 to 35 feet. In these areas, this map unit has been

used as a source of construction material for highways

and foundations and as a source of fill material. On

stream terraces and flood plains, this map unit is

mainly in areas where Bigbee, Eunola, Izagora, and

Yemassee soils have been removed to a depth of 5 to

15 feet. In these areas, this map unit has been used

mostly as a source of sand and gravel for construction.

Pits on terraces and flood plains may be filled with

water.

Included in mapping are areas of abandoned pits.

These areas consist of pits and of banks of spoil

material that are 10 to 25 feet high. The surface of

these areas generally is a mixture of coarse sand and

gravel. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly

acid. Also included are pits that hold water for

extended periods after rains.

Most areas of this map unit do not support

vegetation. A few low-quality trees and sparse stands

of grass are in some of the abandoned pits. This map

unit is unsuited to most uses. Extensive reclamation

efforts are required to make it suitable as cropland,

pasture, woodland, or a site for urban development.

Onsite investigation and testing are needed to

determine the suitability of areas of this unit.

The capability subclass is VIIIs. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol or

an ecological community.

19—Foxworth sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes

This very deep, moderately well drained, sandy soil

is on nearly level and gently sloping, low ridges and

knolls in the coastal lowlands in the southwestern part

of the county. Slopes are commonly long and smooth,

but some are short and complex. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 5 to about 100

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sand

about 6 inches thick. The substratum extends to a

depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown sand in the

upper part, light yellowish brown sand that has grayish

and reddish mottles in the middle part, and white sand

that has reddish mottles in the lower part.

Important properties of the Foxworth soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 31/2

to 6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Hurricane and Lakeland soils. The somewhat poorly

drained Hurricane soils are in slightly lower, less

convex positions than those of the Foxworth soil. The

excessively drained Lakeland soils are in slightly

higher positions than those of the Foxworth soil. Also

included are moderately well drained, sandy soils that

have dark colored, slightly cemented horizons below a
Escambia County, Florida 31

depth of 40 inches. Included soils make up less than

15 percent of the map unit. Individual areas are

generally less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the low available

water capacity, very low fertility, and a moderate

hazard of erosion. In most years, irrigation can

prevent damage to crops and can increase

productivity. Returning crop residue to the soil helps to

maintain tilth and increases the available water

capacity. Minimum tillage, contour farming, and cover

crops reduce the runoff rate and help to control

erosion. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a concern.

Most crops respond well to applications of lime and to

frequent, light applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are commonly grown

grasses and are well adapted to the local conditions.

The main management concerns are the low available

water capacity, very low fertility, and rapid leaching of

nutrients. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during prolonged dry periods help to

keep the pasture in good condition. Frequent, light

applications of nitrogen are necessary to maintain the

productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. The sandy texture of the surface layer

restricts the use of wheeled equipment, especially

when the soil is very dry. Harvesting activities should

be planned for seasons when the soil is moist. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be

controlled by mechanical methods, herbicides, or

prescribed burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local

roads and streets and has slight to severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the sandy

texture, seepage, wetness, and droughtiness.

Cutbanks are unstable and subject to slumping.

Support beams should be used to maintain the

stability of the cutbanks. If this unit is used as a site

for a septic tank absorption field, effluent can

surface in downslope areas or impact the water

table and create a health hazard. Mounding with

suitable fill material increases the filtering capacity

of the field. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching,

and irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape

plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concern is the sandy

texture.

The capability subclass is IIIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 10S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

20—Lakeland sand, 5 to 8 percent

slopes

This very deep, excessively drained, sandy soil is

on moderately sloping side slopes of broad ridges.

Slopes commonly are long and smooth, but some are

short and complex. Individual areas are irregular in

shape. They range from 15 to about 90 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

sand about 5 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of 80 inches is yellowish brown and brownish yellow

sand.

Important properties of the Lakeland soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Poarch, and Troup soils. The Bonifay and

Troup soils are in positions similar to those of the

Lakeland soil and have loamy subsoil layers within a

depth of 40 to 80 inches. The Poarch soils are on

narrow ridges or on small knolls and are loamy

throughout. Also included are small areas of Lakeland

soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent or more

than 8 percent. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas are generally

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are the very low

available water capacity, very low fertility, and a

moderate hazard of erosion. In most years, irrigation

can prevent damage to crops and can increase

productivity. Returning crop residue to the soil helps to

maintain tilth and increases the available water

capacity. Minimum tillage, contour farming, and cover

crops reduce the runoff rate and help to control

erosion. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a concern.
32 Soil Survey

Most crops respond well to applications of lime and to

frequent, light applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are commonly grown

grasses and are well adapted to the local conditions.

The main management concerns are the very low

available water capacity, very low fertility, and rapid

leaching of nutrients. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged dry

periods help to keep the pasture in good condition.

Frequent, light applications of nitrogen are necessary

to maintain the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to sand pine, slash pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is high

for sand pine and moderate for slash pine and

longleaf pine. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are

an equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and

plant competition. The sandy texture of the surface

layer restricts the use of wheeled equipment,

especially when the soil is very dry. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the

soil is moist. The moderate seedling mortality rate

is caused by droughtiness. It can be compensated

for by increasing the number of trees planted. Plant

competition reduces timber yields and can prevent

adequate reforestation. The competing vegetation

can be controlled by mechanical methods,

herbicides, or prescribed burning. Installing broadbased dips, water bars, and culverts helps to

stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and landings.

Reseeding all disturbed areas with adapted grasses

and legumes reduces the hazard of erosion and the

siltation of streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local

roads and streets and has slight to severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the sandy

texture, seepage, and droughtiness. Cutbanks are

unstable and subject to slumping. Support beams

should be used to maintain the stability of the

cutbanks. If this unit is used as a site for a septic

tank absorption field, effluent can surface in

downslope areas or impact the water table and

create a health hazard. Mounding with suitable fill

material and increasing the length of the field lines

increases the filtering capacity of the field. Applying

lime and fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating help to

establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concerns are the sandy

texture and slope.

The capability subclass is VIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 5S for slash pine. This map unit is

in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

21—Lakeland sand, 8 to 12 percent

slopes

This very deep, excessively drained, sandy soil is

on strongly sloping side slopes of ridges. Slopes

generally are short and complex. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 15 to about 90

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

sand about 5 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of 80 inches is yellowish brown and brownish yellow

sand.

Important properties of the Lakeland soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of Iuka,

Poarch, and Troup soils. The moderately well drained

Iuka soils are in narrow drainageways and are subject

to flooding. The Poarch soils are on the upper and

middle parts of slopes and on narrow ridges and are

loamy throughout. The Troup soils are in positions

similar to those of the Lakeland soil and have a loamy

subsoil within a depth of 40 to 80 inches. Also included

are small areas of Lakeland soils that have slopes of

less than 8 percent or more than 12 percent and areas

of poorly drained soils in narrow drainageways.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas are generally less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is severely limited for cultivated crops

because of the slope, the hazard of erosion, and the

very low available water capacity. A site that has better

suited soils should be selected.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well

adapted to the local conditions. The main

management concerns are the slope, very low

fertility, and the very low available water capacity. In

the steeper areas, the slope can limit equipment

use if hay is harvested. Preparing seedbeds on the

contour or across the slope reduces the hazard of

erosion and increases the germination rate. Proper

stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted
Escambia County, Florida 33

grazing during prolonged dry periods help to keep

the pasture in good condition. Frequent, light

applications of nitrogen are necessary to maintain

the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to sand pine, slash pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is high

for sand pine and moderate for slash pine and

longleaf pine. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are

an equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and

plant competition. The sandy texture of the surface

layer restricts the use of wheeled equipment,

especially when the soil is very dry. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the

soil is moist. The moderate seedling mortality rate

is caused by droughtiness. It can be compensated

for by increasing the number of trees planted. Plant

competition reduces timber yields and can prevent

adequate reforestation. The competing vegetation

can be controlled by mechanical methods,

herbicides, or prescribed burning. Installing broadbased dips, water bars, and culverts helps to

stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and landings.

Reseeding all disturbed areas with adapted grasses

and legumes reduces the hazard of erosion and the

siltation of streams.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses. It

has moderate limitations affecting building sites and

local roads and streets and has slight to severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the slope and

seepage. Cutbanks are unstable and subject to

slumping. Support beams should be used to maintain

the stability of the cutbanks. If this unit is used as a

site for a septic tank absorption field, effluent can

surface in downslope areas and create a health

hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption lines

and constructing the lines on the contour help to

overcome this hazard. The sandy texture, the hazard

of erosion, and the very low available water capacity

are additional concerns. Vegetating cleared and

graded areas as soon as possible or constructing silt

fences helps to maintain soil stability and helps to

keep soil on the site. Applying lime and fertilizer,

mulching, and irrigating help to establish lawns and

landscape plants.

This map unit is poorly suited to most recreational

uses. It has moderate or severe limitations affecting

most uses. The main management concerns are the

sandy texture and the slope.

The capability subclass is VIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 5S for slash pine. This map unit is

in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

22—Urban land

This map unit consists mainly of high density

residential areas and commercial and industrial

developments. Generally, these areas have been

graded and smoothed. In most areas, the original soils

have been altered beyond recognition or are covered

by buildings or pavement. The original soils were

altered by cutting and filling, shaping and grading,

compacting, or covering with concrete and asphalt.

Individual areas generally are rectangular. They are

primarily in the southern part of the county in the

Pensacola area.

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

unaltered soils, mostly Allanton, Corolla, Foxworth,

Lakeland, and Pottsburg soils. Included soils generally

make up less than 15 percent of the map unit.

Onsite investigation and testing are needed to

determine the suitability of areas of this unit.

The capability subclass is VIIIs. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol or

an ecological community.

24—Poarch sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on nearly level

summits of broad ridges in the central and northern

parts of the county. Slopes generally are long and

smooth. Individual areas are irregular in shape. They

range from 5 to about 150 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown

sandy loam in the upper part; yellowish brown and

brownish yellow sandy loam that has brownish,

reddish, and grayish mottles in the middle part; and

very pale brown and brownish yellow sandy loam that

has brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles in the

lower part. The middle and lower parts of the subsoil

have nodules of plinthite.

Important properties of the Poarch soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 21/2

to 5 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Escambia, Grady, Notcher, and Perdido soils.

The Bonifay soils are on the higher-lying knolls and

have thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers. The
34 Soil Survey

somewhat poorly drained Escambia soils are in

slightly lower, less convex positions than those of the

Poarch soil. The poorly drained Grady soils are in

shallow depressions. The Perdido soils are in slightly

higher, more convex positions than those of the

Poarch soil and have a reddish subsoil. The Notcher

soils are in positions similar to those of the Poarch soil

and have a higher content of clay in the upper part of

the subsoil. Included soils make up about 10 percent

of the map unit. Individual areas generally are less

than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. It

has few limitations affecting this use. Low fertility and

droughtiness, however, are management concerns.

Minimizing tillage and returning all crop residue to the

soil or regularly adding other organic matter help to

improve and maintain tilth and the content of organic

matter. In most years, irrigation can prevent damage

to crops and can increase productivity. Crops respond

well to systematic applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Coastal

bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and clovers are well

adapted to the local conditions. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites, slight

limitations affecting local roads and streets, and

severe limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary

facilities. The main management concerns are

wetness and the moderately slow permeability. A

subsurface drainage system can help to lower the

water table. Septic tank absorption fields do not

function properly during rainy periods because of the

wetness and the moderately slow permeability.

Enlarging the size of the absorption field helps to

overcome these limitations. Using suitable fill material

to raise the filter field a sufficient distance above the

seasonal high water table improves the performance

of a septic system.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has few limitations affecting these uses.

The capability class is I. The woodland ordination

symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit is in the

Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological community.

25—Poarch sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on gently

sloping shoulder slopes and side slopes of ridges in

the central and northern parts of the county. Slopes

generally are long and smooth. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 5 to about 90

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown

sandy loam in the upper part; yellowish brown and

brownish yellow sandy loam that has brownish,

reddish, and grayish mottles in the middle part; and

very pale brown and brownish yellow sandy loam that

has brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles in the

lower part. The middle and lower parts of the subsoil

have nodules of plinthite.

Important properties of the Poarch soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 21/2

to 5 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Bonifay, Notcher, and Perdido soils. The Bama

and Perdido soils are on the upper parts of slopes.

The Bama soils have a higher content of clay than the

Poarch soil in the upper part of the subsoil and are

reddish. The Perdido soils have reddish colors in the

subsoil. The Bonifay soils are on the lower parts of

slopes and have thick, sandy surface and subsurface

layers. The Notcher soils are in positions similar to

those of the Poarch soil and have a higher content of

clay in the subsoil. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are a moderate hazard of

erosion and droughtiness. Conservation tillage,

terraces, contour farming, and cover crops reduce the

runoff rate and help to control erosion. Using

supplemental irrigation and planting crop varieties that

are adapted to droughty conditions increase crop
Escambia County, Florida 35

production. Crops respond well to systematic

applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Bahiagrass

and coastal bermudagrass are the most commonly

grown grasses. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged wet

or dry periods help to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer improve

fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites, slight

limitations affecting local roads and streets, and

severe limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary

facilities. The main management concerns are

wetness and the moderately slow permeability. A

subsurface drainage system can help to lower the

water table. Septic tank absorption fields do not

function properly during rainy periods because of the

wetness and the moderately slow permeability.

Enlarging the size of the absorption field helps to

overcome these limitations. Using suitable fill material

to raise the filter field a sufficient distance above the

seasonal high water table improves the performance

of a septic system.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has few limitations for most uses. Slope is a

moderate limitation in areas used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

26—Poarch sandy loam, 5 to 8

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on moderately

sloping side slopes of ridges in the central and

northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are

short and complex. Individual areas are irregular in

shape. They range from 5 to about 35 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown

sandy loam in the upper part; yellowish brown and

brownish yellow sandy loam that has brownish,

reddish, and grayish mottles in the middle part; and

very pale brown and brownish yellow sandy loam that

has brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles in the

lower part. The middle and lower parts of the subsoil

have nodules of plinthite.

Important properties of the Poarch soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 21/2

to 5 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Iuka, Notcher, and Perdido soils. The Bonifay

soils are on the lower parts of slopes and have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers. The Iuka soils

are in narrow drainageways and are subject to

flooding. The Notcher and Perdido soils are in

positions similar to those of the Poarch soil. The

Notcher soils have a higher content of clay in the

upper part of the subsoil than the Poarch soil. The

Perdido soils have a reddish subsoil. Also included are

small areas of Poarch soils that have slopes of less

than 5 percent or more than 8 percent. Included soils

make up about 15 percent of the map unit. Individual

areas generally are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are a severe hazard of

erosion, droughtiness, and the short, complex slopes.

Using a resource management system that includes

contour farming, conservation tillage, crop residue

management, stripcropping, and a sod-based rotation

reduces the hazard of erosion, helps to control surface

runoff, and maximizes infiltration of water. Installing

drop-inlet structures in grassed waterways helps to

prevent the formation of gullies. Using supplemental

irrigation and planting crop varieties that are adapted

to droughty conditions increase crop production.

Crops respond well to systematic applications of lime

and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and clovers are

well adapted to the local conditions. The main

management concerns are droughtiness and a severe

hazard of erosion. The seedbed should be prepared

on the contour or across the slope where practical.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted

grazing during prolonged wet or dry periods help to

keep the pasture in good condition. Applications of
36 Soil Survey

lime and fertilizer improve fertility and increase the

production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction, plant competition, and the

hazard of erosion are minor management concerns.

Harvesting during the drier periods helps to prevent

compaction. Carefully managed reforestation helps to

control competition from undesirable understory

plants. Site preparation practices, such as chopping,

prescribed burning, and applying herbicides, help to

control the initial plant competition and facilitate

mechanical planting. Installing broad-based dips,

water bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging

roads, skid trails, and landings. Reseeding all

disturbed areas with adapted grasses and legumes

reduces the hazard of erosion and the siltation of

streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites, slight

limitations affecting local roads and streets, and

severe limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary

facilities. The main management concerns are the

slope, wetness, and the moderately slow permeability.

A subsurface drainage system can help to lower the

water table. Septic tank absorption fields do not

function properly during rainy periods because of the

wetness and the moderately slow permeability.

Enlarging the size of the absorption field helps to

overcome these limitations. Absorption lines should be

installed on the contour. Preserving the existing plant

cover during construction helps to control erosion.

Vegetating disturbed areas and using erosion-control

structures, such as sediment fences and catch basins,

help to keep soil on the site.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight limitations affecting most uses. Slope is a

severe limitation in areas used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

27—Escambia fine sandy loam,

0 to 2 percent slopes

This very deep, somewhat poorly drained soil is in

flat or slightly depressional positions on uplands and

on toeslopes. It is in the central and northern parts of

the county. Slopes are long and smooth. Individual

areas are generally broad or oblong. They range from

3 to about 70 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The

subsurface layer extends to a depth of 10 inches. It is

grayish brown fine sandy loam. The subsoil extends to

a depth of 80 inches. It is light yellowish brown fine

sandy loam that has brownish and grayish mottles in

the upper part; light yellowish brown fine sandy loam

that has brownish and grayish mottles and nodules of

plinthite in the middle part; and mottled grayish,

brownish, and reddish fine sandy loam that has

nodules of plinthite in the lower part.

Important properties of the Escambia soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 11/2

to 21/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Poarch, Notcher, and Robertsdale soils. The

Albany and Robertsdale soils are in positions similar

to those of the Escambia soil. The Albany soils have

thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers. The

Robertsdale soils have a higher content of clay in the

subsoil than the Escambia soil. The moderately well

drained Poarch and Notcher soils are in slightly higher,

more convex positions than those of the Escambia

soil. Also included are small areas of poorly drained,

loamy soils in narrow drainageways and depressions.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concern is wetness. Planting may

be delayed in spring because of the wetness. Well

maintained drainageways and ditches can help to

remove excess water. Minimizing tillage and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter improve fertility and help to maintain

tilth and the content of organic matter. Applying lime

and fertilizer on the basis of soil testing increases the

availability of plant nutrients and maximizes

productivity.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Wetness

is the main management concern. Grasses that are

tolerant of wet conditions should be selected. Shallow

ditches can help to remove excess water from the

surface. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during wet periods help to keep the

pasture in good condition. Applications of fertilizer and

lime are needed for maximum production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

high, but moderate and severe limitations affect timber
Escambia County, Florida 37

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation and plant competition. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the soil

is dry. Using standard wheeled and tracked equipment

when the soil is wet results in rutting and compaction.

Using low-pressure ground equipment minimizes

damage to the soil and helps to maintain productivity.

Plant competition reduces timber yields and can

prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by site preparation,

herbicides, or prescribed burning.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

Wetness is a severe limitation affecting building sites,

local roads and streets, and most kinds of sanitary

facilities. Because of the seasonal high water table

during winter and spring, a drainage system is needed

for buildings. A deep drainage system can help to

lower the water table. Constructing roads on raised,

well-compacted fill material helps to overcome the

wetness. Septic tank absorption fields do not function

properly during rainy periods because of the wetness.

Constructing the absorption field on a raised bed helps

to compensate for this limitation.

This map unit is suited to recreational uses.

Wetness and restricted permeability are the main

management concerns.

The capability subclass is IIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

28—Grady loam

This very deep, poorly drained soil is in shallow

depressions on summits of broad ridges in the central

and northern parts of the county. Slopes are long and

smooth and range from 0 to 2 percent. Individual

areas are generally circular or oblong. They range

from 2 to about 20 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer

to a depth of 11 inches is dark grayish brown clay

loam that has reddish brown mottles. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is dark gray clay

that has brownish mottles in the upper part, grayish

brown clay that has brownish mottles in the middle

part, and light brownish gray and light gray clay that

has brownish and reddish mottles in the lower part.

Important properties of the Grady soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 2 feet

above the surface to a depth of 1 foot from

December through July

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Slow

Flooding: None

Duration of ponding: Several months in most years

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Croatan and Escambia soils. The Croatan soils are in

the lower parts of depressions and have thick organic

layers in the upper part of the profile. The somewhat

poorly drained Escambia soils are in the slightly higher

positions near the upper edge of depressions. Also

included are small areas of poorly drained and very

poorly drained, loamy soils in positions similar to those

of the Grady soil. Included soils make up about 10

percent of the map unit. Individual areas are generally

less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is severely limited for cultivated

crops, pasture, woodland, and urban and recreational

uses because of wetness and ponding. A site that has

better suited soils should be selected.

The capability subclass is VIIw. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. It is

in the Cypress Swamp ecological community.

29—Perdido sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on nearly level

summits of broad to narrow ridges in the central and

northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are long

and smooth. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 20 to about 150 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark yellowish brown

sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil extends

to a depth of 80 inches. It is strong brown sandy loam

in the upper part, yellowish red and strong brown

sandy loam in the middle part, and red sandy clay

loam and sandy loam in the lower part. The middle

and lower parts of the subsoil have nodules of

plinthite.

Important properties of the Perdido soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 4 to

6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Emory, Lucy, Poarch, and Red Bay soils. The

Bama and Red Bay soils are in positions similar to

those of the Perdido soil and have a higher content of

clay in the upper part of the subsoil. The Emory soils

are in shallow depressions and are subject to ponding

following periods of prolonged rainfall. The Lucy soils
38 Soil Survey

are on small knolls and have thick, sandy surface and

subsurface layers. The Poarch soils are in slightly less

convex positions than the Perdido soil and have

brownish colors throughout the subsoil. Included soils

make up about 10 percent of the map unit. Individual

areas generally are less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. It

has few limitations affecting this use. Low fertility

and droughtiness, however, are management

concerns. Minimizing tillage and returning all crop

residue to the soil or regularly adding other organic

matter help to improve and maintain tilth and the

content of organic matter. In most years, irrigation

can prevent damage to crops and can increase

productivity. Crops respond well to systematic

applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Coastal

bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and clovers are well

adapted to the local conditions. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local roads

and streets and has severe limitations affecting most

kinds of sanitary facilities. The main management

concerns are wetness and the moderately slow

permeability. A subsurface drainage system can help

to lower the water table. Septic tank absorption fields

do not function properly during rainy periods because

of the wetness and the moderately slow permeability.

Enlarging the size of the absorption field helps to

overcome these limitations. Using suitable fill material

to raise the filter field a sufficient distance above the

seasonal high water table improves the performance

of a septic system.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has no significant limitations for most uses.

The capability class is I. The woodland ordination

symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit is in the

Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological community.

30—Perdido sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on gently

sloping shoulder slopes and side slopes of ridges in

the central and northern parts of the county. Slopes

generally are long and smooth. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 15 to about 85

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark yellowish brown

sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil extends

to a depth of 80 inches. It is strong brown sandy loam

in the upper part, yellowish red and strong brown

sandy loam in the middle part, and red sandy clay

loam and sandy loam in the lower part. The middle and

lower parts of the subsoil have nodules of plinthite.

Important properties of the Perdido soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 4 to

6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Lucy, Poarch, and Red Bay soils. The Bama

and Red Bay soils are on the upper parts of slopes

and have a higher content of clay in the upper part of

the subsoil than the Perdido soil. The Lucy soils are

on the upper parts of slopes and have thick, sandy

surface and subsurface layers. The Poarch soils are in

less sloping positions than the Perdido soil and have

brownish colors throughout the subsoil. Included soils

make up about 15 percent of the map unit. Individual

areas generally are less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are a moderate hazard of

erosion and droughtiness. Conservation tillage,

terraces, contour farming, and cover crops reduce the

runoff rate and help to control erosion. Using

supplemental irrigation and planting crop varieties that

are adapted to droughty conditions increase crop

production. Crops respond well to systematic

applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Bahiagrass

and coastal bermudagrass are the most commonly

grown grasses. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged wet

or dry periods help to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer improve

fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting
Escambia County, Florida 39

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight or moderate limitations affecting building sites,

slight limitations affecting local roads and streets, and

moderate or severe limitations affecting sanitary

facilities. The main management concerns are

wetness and the moderately slow permeability. A

subsurface drainage system can reduce the wetness.

Septic tank absorption fields may not function properly

during rainy periods because of the moderately slow

permeability. Enlarging the size of the absorption field

helps to overcome this limitation. Preserving the

existing plant cover during construction helps to

control erosion. Mulching, applying fertilizer, and

irrigating help to establish lawn grasses and other

small-seeded plants.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has slight management concerns affecting

most uses. Slope is a moderate limitation in areas

used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

31—Perdido sandy loam, 5 to 8

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on side slopes

of ridges in the central and northern parts of the

county. Slopes generally are short and complex.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 15 to about 45 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark yellowish brown

sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil extends

to a depth of 80 inches. It is strong brown sandy loam

in the upper part, yellowish red and strong brown

sandy loam in the middle part, and red sandy clay

loam and sandy loam in the lower part. The middle

and lower parts of the subsoil have nodules of

plinthite.

Important properties of the Perdido soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 4 to

6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of Lucy,

Iuka, Maubila, Notcher, and Poarch soils. Lucy soils

are on the lower parts of slopes and have thick, sandy

surface and subsurface layers. The Iuka soils are in

narrow drainageways and are subject to flooding. The

Maubila soils are in positions similar to those of the

Perdido soil and are clayey in the upper part of the

subsoil. The Notcher and Poarch soils are in positions

similar to those of the Perdido soil. The Notcher soils

have a higher content of clay in the upper part of the

subsoil than the Perdido soil. The Poarch soils have a

brownish subsoil. Also included are small areas of

Perdido soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent

or more than 8 percent. Included soils make up about

15 percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally

are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are a severe hazard of

erosion, droughtiness, and the short, complex slopes.

Using a resource management system that includes

contour farming, conservation tillage, crop residue

management, stripcropping, and a sod-based rotation

reduces the hazard of erosion, helps to control surface

runoff, and maximizes infiltration of water. Installing

drop-inlet structures in grassed waterways helps to

prevent the formation of gullies. Using supplemental

irrigation and planting crop varieties that are adapted

to droughty conditions increase crop production.

Crops respond well to systematic applications of lime

and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and clovers are

well adapted to the local conditions. The main

management concerns are a severe hazard of erosion

and droughtiness. The seedbed should be prepared

on the contour or across the slope where practical.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted

grazing during prolonged wet or dry periods help to

keep the pasture in good condition. Applications of

lime and fertilizer improve fertility and increase the

production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction, plant competition, and the

hazard of erosion are minor management concerns.

Harvesting during the drier periods helps to prevent

compaction. Carefully managed reforestation helps to

control competition from undesirable understory

plants. Site preparation practices, such as chopping,

prescribed burning, and applying herbicides, help to
40 Soil Survey

control the initial plant competition and facilitate

mechanical planting. Installing broad-based dips,

water bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging

roads, skid trails, and landings. Reseeding all

disturbed areas with adapted grasses and legumes

reduces the hazard of erosion and the siltation of

streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites, slight

limitations affecting local roads and streets, and

severe limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary

facilities. The main management concerns are the

slope, wetness, and the moderately slow permeability.

A subsurface drainage system can help to lower the

water table. Septic tank absorption fields do not

function properly during rainy periods because of the

wetness and the moderately slow permeability.

Enlarging the size of the absorption field helps to

overcome these limitations. Absorption lines should be

installed on the contour. Preserving the existing plant

cover during construction helps to control erosion.

Vegetating disturbed areas and using erosion-control

structures, such as sediment fences and catch basins,

help to keep soil on the site.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight limitations affecting most uses. Slope is a

severe limitation in areas used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

32—Troup sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes

This very deep, somewhat excessively drained soil

is on nearly level summits and gently sloping shoulder

slopes of ridges in the central and northern parts of

the county. Slopes generally are long and smooth.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 15 to about 600 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 58 inches. It is yellowish brown

sand in the upper part, strong brown sand in the

middle part, and yellowish red loamy sand in the lower

part. The subsoil to a depth of 80 inches is red sandy

loam and sandy clay loam.

Important properties of the Troup soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Lakeland, Lucy, and Perdido soils. The

Bonifay, Lakeland, and Lucy soils are in positions

similar to those of the Troup soil. The Bonifay soils

have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the

subsoil. The Lakeland soils do not have a loamy

subsoil within a depth of 80 inches. The Lucy soils

have a loamy subsoil within a depth of 40 inches. The

Perdido soils are on small knolls and do not have

thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers. Included

soils make up about 15 percent of the map unit.

Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the low available

water capacity, very low fertility, and a moderate

hazard of erosion. Returning crop residue to the soil

helps to maintain tilth and increases the available

water capacity. Minimum tillage, contour farming,

and cover crops reduce the runoff rate and help to

control erosion. Leaving the maximum amount of

crop residue on the surface helps to control soil

blowing and conserves soil moisture. In most years,

irrigation can prevent damage to crops and can

increase productivity. Most crops respond well to

applications of lime and to frequent, light

applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

low fertility and the low available water capacity.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted

grazing during prolonged dry periods help to keep the

pasture in good condition. Leaching of plant nutrients

is also a management concern. Frequent, light

applications of nitrogen are necessary to maintain the

productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. The sandy texture of the surface layer

restricts the use of wheeled equipment, especially

when the soil is very dry. Harvesting activities should

be planned for seasons when the soil is moist. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be
Escambia County, Florida 41

controlled by mechanical methods, herbicides, or

prescribed burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local roads

and streets and has slight to severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the sandy texture,

seepage, and droughtiness. Cutbanks are unstable

and subject to slumping. Support beams should be

used to maintain the stability of the cutbanks. If this

unit is used as a site for a septic tank absorption field,

effluent can surface in downslope areas and create a

health hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption

lines helps to reduce this hazard. Applying lime and

fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating help to establish

lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main limitation is the sandy texture.

The capability subclass is IIIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

33—Troup sand, 5 to 8 percent

slopes

This very deep, somewhat excessively drained soil

is on moderately sloping shoulder slopes and side

slopes of ridges in the central and northern parts of

the county. Slopes generally are long and smooth, but

some are short and complex. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 10 to about 150

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 58 inches. It is yellowish brown

sand in the upper part, strong brown sand in the

middle part, and yellowish red loamy sand in the lower

part. The subsoil to a depth of 80 inches is red sandy

loam and sandy clay loam.

Important properties of the Troup soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Lakeland, Lucy, and Perdido soils. The

Bonifay, Lakeland, and Lucy soils are in positions

similar to those of the Troup soil. The Bonifay soils

have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the

subsoil. The Lakeland soils do not have a loamy

subsoil within a depth of 80 inches. The Lucy soils

have a loamy subsoil within a depth of 40 inches. The

Perdido soils are on narrow ridges or high knolls and

do not have thick, sandy surface and subsurface

layers. Also included are small areas of Troup soils

that have slopes of less than 5 percent or more than 8

percent. Included soils make up about 15 percent of

the map unit. Individual areas generally are less than

5 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are the low available

water capacity, very low fertility, and the hazard of

erosion. Gullies form readily in areas that are subject

to concentrated flow of water on the surface.

Returning crop residue to the soil helps to maintain

tilth and increases the available water capacity.

Minimum tillage, contour farming, and cover crops

reduce the runoff rate and help to control erosion.

Leaving the maximum amount of crop residue on the

surface helps to control soil blowing and conserves

soil moisture. In most years, irrigation can prevent

damage to crops and can increase productivity.

Leaching of plant nutrients is also a management

concern. Most crops respond well to applications of

lime and to frequent, light applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

very low fertility and the low available water capacity.

Preparing seedbeds on the contour or across the

slope reduces the hazard of erosion and increases the

germination rate. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged dry

periods help to keep the pasture in good condition.

Leaching of plant nutrients is also a management

concern. Frequent, light applications of nitrogen are

necessary to maintain the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. The sandy texture of the surface layer

restricts the use of wheeled equipment, especially

when the soil is very dry. Harvesting activities should

be planned for seasons when the soil is moist. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be
42 Soil Survey

controlled by mechanical methods, herbicides, or

prescribed burning. Installing broad-based dips, water

bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging roads, skid

trails, and landings. Reseeding all disturbed areas with

adapted grasses and legumes reduces the hazard of

erosion and the siltation of streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local roads

and streets and has slight to severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the sandy texture,

seepage, and droughtiness. Cutbanks are unstable

and subject to slumping. Support beams should be

used to maintain the stability of the cutbanks. If this

unit is used as a site for a septic tank absorption field,

effluent can surface in downslope areas and create a

health hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption

lines and installing the lines on the contour help to

reduce this hazard. Vegetating cleared and graded

areas as soon as possible or constructing silt fences

helps to maintain soil stability and helps to keep soil

on the site. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concerns are the sandy

texture and the slope.

The capability subclass is IVs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

34—Troup sand, 8 to 12 percent

slopes

This very deep, sandy, somewhat excessively

drained soil is on strongly sloping side slopes of ridges

in the central and northern parts of the county. Slopes

generally are short and complex. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 10 to about 60

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 58 inches. It is yellowish brown

sand in the upper part, strong brown sand in the

middle part, and yellowish red loamy sand in the lower

part. The subsoil to a depth of 80 inches is red sandy

loam and sandy clay loam.

Important properties of the Troup soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of Iuka,

Lakeland, Lucy, Maubila, and Perdido soils. The

moderately well drained Iuka soils are in narrow

drainageways and are subject to flooding. The

Lakeland and Lucy soils are in positions similar to

those of the Troup soil. The Lakeland soils do not

have a loamy subsoil within a depth of 80 inches. The

Lucy soils have a loamy subsoil within a depth of 40

inches. The Maubila and Perdido soils are on the

upper and middle parts of slopes and do not have

thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers. Also

included are small areas of Troup soils that have

slopes of less than 8 percent or more than 12 percent

and areas of poorly drained soils in narrow

drainageways. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is severely limited for cultivated crops

because of the slope, the hazard of erosion, and the

low available water capacity. A site that has better

suited soils should be selected.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well

adapted to the local conditions. The main

management concerns are the slope, very low fertility,

and the low available water capacity. In the steeper

areas, the slope can limit equipment use if hay is

harvested. Preparing seedbeds on the contour or

across the slope reduces the hazard of erosion and

increases the germination rate. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged dry periods help to keep the pasture in

good condition. Frequent, light applications of nitrogen

are necessary to maintain the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. The sandy texture of the surface layer

restricts the use of wheeled equipment, especially

when the soil is very dry. Harvesting activities should

be planned for seasons when the soil is moist. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be

controlled by mechanical methods, herbicides, or

prescribed burning. Installing broad-based dips, water

bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging roads, skid
Escambia County, Florida 43

trails, and landings. Reseeding all disturbed areas with

adapted grasses and legumes reduces the hazard of

erosion and the siltation of streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites and local

roads and streets and has slight to severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the slope and seepage.

Cutbanks are unstable and subject to slumping.

Support beams should be used to maintain the

stability of the cutbanks. If this unit is used as a site for

a septic tank absorption field, effluent can surface in

downslope areas and create a health hazard.

Increasing the length of the absorption lines and

constructing the lines on the contour help to overcome

this hazard. The sandy texture, the hazard of erosion,

and the low available water capacity are additional

concerns. Vegetating cleared and graded areas as

soon as possible or constructing silt fences helps to

maintain soil stability and helps to keep soil on the

site. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is poorly suited to most recreational

uses. It has moderate or severe limitations affecting

most uses. The main management concerns are the

sandy texture and the slope.

The capability subclass is VIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

35—Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on nearly level

summits of ridges in the central and northern parts of

the county. Slopes generally are long and smooth.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 15 to about 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand

about 6 inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to

a depth of 26 inches. It is brown loamy sand. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is red sandy

loam in the upper part, red sandy clay loam in the

middle part, and red sandy loam in the lower part.

Important properties of the Lucy soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Perdido, Red Bay, and Troup soils. The Perdido and

Red Bay soils are on small knolls and do not have

thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers. The Troup

soils are in positions similar to those of the Lucy soil

and do not have a loamy subsoil within a depth of 40

inches. Included soils make up about 10 percent of the

map unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5

acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concern is the low available water

capacity. Returning crop residue to the soil helps to

maintain tilth and increases the available water

capacity. Leaving the maximum amount of crop

residue on the surface helps to control soil blowing

and conserves soil moisture. In most years, irrigation

can prevent damage to crops and can increase

productivity. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a

management concern. Most crops respond well to

applications of lime and to frequent, light applications

of fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well

adapted to the local conditions. The main

management concerns are low fertility and the low

available water capacity. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged dry periods help to keep the pasture in

good condition. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a

management concern. Frequent, light applications of

nitrogen are necessary to maintain the productivity of

grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. The sandy texture of the surface layer

restricts the use of wheeled equipment, especially

when the soil is very dry. Harvesting activities should

be planned for seasons when the soil is moist. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be

controlled by mechanical methods, herbicides, or

prescribed burning.

This map unit is well suited to most urban uses. It

has slight limitations affecting building sites and local

roads and streets and has slight to severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the sandy texture,

seepage, and droughtiness. If this unit is used as a
44 Soil Survey

site for a septic tank absorption field, effluent can

surface in downslope areas and create a health

hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption lines

helps to reduce this hazard. Applying lime and

fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating help to establish

lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has slight or moderate limitations affecting

most uses. The main limitation is the sandy texture.

The capability subclass is IIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

36—Lucy loamy sand, 2 to 5

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on gently

sloping shoulder slopes of ridges in the central and

northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are long

and smooth. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 15 to about 100 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand

about 6 inches thick. The subsurface layer extends

to a depth of 26 inches. It is brown loamy sand. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is red

sandy loam in the upper part, red sandy clay loam

in the middle part, and red sandy loam in the lower

part.

Important properties of the Lucy soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Perdido, Red Bay, and Troup soils. The Perdido and

Red Bay soils are on the upper parts of slopes or on

narrow ridges and do not have thick, sandy surface

and subsurface layers. The Troup soils are in positions

similar to those of the Lucy soil and do not have a

loamy subsoil within a depth of 40 inches. Included

soils make up about 15 percent of the map unit.

Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the low available

water capacity and a moderate hazard of erosion.

Returning crop residue to the soil helps to maintain

tilth and increases the available water capacity.

Minimum tillage, contour farming, and cover crops

reduce the runoff rate and help to control erosion.

Leaving the maximum amount of crop residue on the

surface helps to control soil blowing and conserves

soil moisture. In most years, irrigation can prevent

damage to crops and can increase productivity.

Leaching of plant nutrients is also a management

concern. Most crops respond well to applications of

lime and to frequent, light applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

low fertility and the low available water capacity.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted

grazing during prolonged dry periods help to keep the

pasture in good condition. Leaching of plant nutrients

is also a management concern. Frequent, light

applications of nitrogen are necessary to maintain the

productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. The sandy texture of the surface layer

restricts the use of wheeled equipment, especially

when the soil is very dry. Harvesting activities should

be planned for seasons when the soil is moist. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be

controlled by mechanical methods, herbicides, or

prescribed burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local roads

and streets and has slight to severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the sandy texture,

seepage, and droughtiness. If this unit is used as a

site for a septic tank absorption field, effluent can

surface in downslope areas and create a health

hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption lines

helps to reduce this hazard. Applying lime and

fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating help to establish

lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has slight or moderate limitations affecting

most uses. The main limitation is the sandy texture.

The capability subclass is IIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.
Escambia County, Florida 45

38—Bonifay loamy sand, 0 to 5

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on nearly level

summits and gently sloping shoulder slopes of ridges

in the central and northern parts of the county. Slopes

generally are long and smooth. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 10 to about 350

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

loamy sand about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 54 inches. It is yellowish brown

loamy sand in the upper part, brownish yellow loamy

sand in the middle part, and brownish yellow loamy

sand that has brownish mottles in the lower part. The

subsoil to a depth of 80 inches is mottled yellowish,

brownish, grayish, and reddish sandy clay loam that

has masses of plinthite within the matrix.

Important properties of the Bonifay soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 31/2

to 5 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderately slow in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Lakeland, Lucy, Poarch, and Troup soils. The

somewhat poorly drained Albany soils are in shallow

depressions. The Lakeland, Lucy, and Troup soils are

in positions similar to those of the Bonifay soil. The

Lakeland soils do not have a loamy subsoil within a

depth of 80 inches. The Lucy soils have a loamy

subsoil within a depth of 40 inches. The Troup soils do

not have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the

subsoil. The Poarch soils are on high knolls and do

not have thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers.

Also included are small areas of Bonifay soils that

have slopes of more than 5 percent. Included soils

make up about 15 percent of the map unit. Individual

areas generally are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the low available

water capacity, very low fertility, and a moderate

hazard of erosion. Returning crop residue to the soil

helps to maintain tilth and increases the available

water capacity. Minimum tillage, contour farming, and

cover crops reduce the runoff rate and help to control

erosion. Leaving the maximum amount of crop residue

on the surface helps to control soil blowing and

conserves soil moisture. In most years, irrigation can

prevent damage to crops and can increase

productivity. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a

management concern. Most crops respond well to

applications of lime and to frequent, light applications

of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

low fertility and the low available water capacity.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted

grazing during prolonged dry periods help to keep the

pasture in good condition. Leaching of plant nutrients

is also a management concern. Frequent, light

applications of nitrogen are necessary to maintain the

productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. The sandy texture of the surface layer

restricts the use of wheeled equipment, especially

when the soil is very dry. Harvesting activities should

be planned for seasons when the soil is moist. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be

controlled by mechanical methods, herbicides, or

prescribed burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight or moderate limitations affecting building sites

and local roads and streets and has moderate or

severe limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary

facilities. The main management concerns are

wetness and the restricted permeability of the

subsoil. Additional management concerns include

the sandy texture, the hazard of erosion, and

droughtiness. Cutbanks are unstable and subject to

slumping. Support beams should be used to

maintain the stability of the cutbanks. If this unit is

used as a site for a septic tank absorption field,

effluent can surface in downslope areas and create

a health hazard. Increasing the length of the

absorption lines helps to reduce this hazard.

Vegetating cleared and graded areas as soon as

possible or constructing silt fences helps to

maintain soil stability and helps to keep soil on the

site. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape

plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate limitations affecting most uses. The

main limitation is the sandy texture.

The capability subclass is IIIs. The woodland
46 Soil Survey

ordination symbol is 10S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

39—Bonifay loamy sand, 5 to 8

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on moderately

sloping shoulder slopes and side slopes of ridges in

the central and northern parts of the county. Slopes

generally are long and smooth, but some are short

and complex. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 10 to about 100 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

loamy sand about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 54 inches. It is yellowish brown

loamy sand in the upper part, brownish yellow loamy

sand in the middle part, and brownish yellow loamy

sand that has brownish mottles in the lower part. The

subsoil to a depth of 80 inches is mottled yellowish,

brownish, grayish, and reddish sandy clay loam that

has masses of plinthite within the matrix.

Important properties of the Bonifay soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 31/2

to 5 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderately slow in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Lakeland, Lucy, Poarch, and Troup soils. The

Lakeland, Lucy, and Troup soils are in positions similar

to those of the Bonifay soil. The Lakeland soils do not

have a loamy subsoil within a depth of 80 inches. The

Lucy soils have a loamy subsoil within a depth of 40

inches. The Troup soils do not have a significant

accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The Poarch

soils are on narrow ridges or high knolls and do not

have thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers. Also

included are small areas of Bonifay soils that have

slopes of less than 5 percent or more than 8 percent.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are the low available

water capacity, very low fertility, and the hazard of

erosion. Gullies form readily in areas that are subject

to concentrated flow of water on the surface.

Returning crop residue to the soil helps to maintain

tilth and increases the available water capacity.

Minimum tillage, contour farming, and cover crops

reduce the runoff rate and help to control erosion.

Leaving the maximum amount of crop residue on the

surface helps to control soil blowing and conserves

soil moisture. In most years, irrigation can prevent

damage to crops and can increase productivity.

Leaching of plant nutrients is also a management

concern. Most crops respond well to applications of

lime and to frequent, light applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

the very low fertility and the low available water

capacity. Preparing seedbeds on the contour or

across the slope reduces the hazard of erosion and

increases the germination rate. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged dry periods help to keep the pasture in

good condition. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a

management concern. Frequent, light applications of

nitrogen are necessary to maintain the productivity of

grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. The sandy texture of the surface layer

restricts the use of wheeled equipment, especially

when the soil is very dry. Harvesting activities should

be planned for seasons when the soil is moist. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be

controlled by mechanical methods, herbicides, or

prescribed burning. Installing broad-based dips, water

bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging roads, skid

trails, and landings. Reseeding all disturbed areas with

adapted grasses and legumes reduces the hazard of

erosion and the siltation of streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight or moderate limitations affecting building sites

and local roads and streets and has moderate or

severe limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary

facilities. The main management concerns are

wetness, seepage, and the restricted permeability of

the subsoil. Additional management concerns include

the sandy texture, the hazard of erosion, and

droughtiness. Cutbanks are unstable and subject to

slumping. Support beams should be used to maintain

the stability of the cutbanks. If this unit is used as a

site for a septic tank absorption field, effluent can
Escambia County, Florida 47

surface in downslope areas and create a health

hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption lines

and installing the lines on the contour help to reduce

this hazard. Vegetating cleared and graded areas as

soon as possible or constructing silt fences helps to

maintain soil stability and helps to keep soil on the

site. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concerns are the sandy

texture and the slope.

The capability subclass is IVs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 10S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community.

40—Eunola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally

flooded

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

low terraces that parallel the Escambia and Perdido

Rivers and other large streams in the central and

northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are long

and smooth. Individual areas are generally oblong.

They range from 10 to about 50 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown fine sandy

loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer

extends to a depth of 10 inches. It is yellowish brown

fine sandy loam. The subsoil extends to a depth of 50

inches. It is yellowish brown sandy loam in the upper

part and yellowish brown sandy clay loam that has

grayish, reddish, and brownish mottles in the lower

part. The substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches.

It is yellowish brown loamy sand in the upper part and

yellowish brown sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Eunola soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 21/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil and moderately

rapid or rapid in the substratum

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Fluvaquents and Garcon, Izagora, Yemassee, and

Weston soils. The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are

in swales and narrow drainageways. The somewhat

poorly drained Garcon and Yemassee soils are in

slightly lower, less convex positions that those of the

Eunola soil. The Izagora soils are in positions similar

to those of the Eunola soil and do not decrease in clay

content with depth. The poorly drained Weston soils

are in the slightly lower, flat or concave positions.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are wetness and the

occasional flooding. The planting of early-season

crops may be delayed in some years because of the

flooding. The surface layer is friable and easy to keep

in good tilth. It can be worked over a wide range of

moisture content. Shallow ditches can help to remove

excess surface water. Minimizing tillage and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter improve fertility and help to maintain

tilth and the content of organic matter. Most crops

respond well to applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay.

Wetness and the occasional flooding are the main

management concerns. Coastal bermudagrass and

bahiagrass are well adapted to the local conditions.

Excess surface water can be removed by shallow

ditches. Deferring or restricting grazing during very

wet periods helps to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer improve

fertility and promote the growth of forage plants.

This map unit is well suited to loblolly pine, slash

pine, and hardwoods. The potential productivity is

high. Moderate limitations affect timber management.

The main management concerns are an equipment

limitation and plant competition. Using standard

wheeled and tracked equipment when the soil is wet

results in rutting and compaction. Using low-pressure

ground equipment minimizes the damage to the soil

and helps to maintain productivity. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the soil

is dry. Plant competition reduces timber yields and can

prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by site preparation or

prescribed burning.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

The main management concerns are the flooding and

wetness. Buildings can be elevated above the

expected level of flooding by constructing them on

pilings or mounds. Septic tank absorption fields may

not function properly during the rainy season because

of the moderate permeability and the seasonal high

water table. Using suitable fill material to raise the filter

field a sufficient distance above the seasonal high

water table improves the performance of a septic

system.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

It has moderate or severe limitations affecting most
48 Soil Survey

uses. The main management concerns are wetness

and the flooding.

The capability subclass is IIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 12W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

41—Malbis sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

nearly level summits of broad ridges in the central and

northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are long

and smooth. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 15 to about 100 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil extends to a

depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown loam in the

upper part, brownish yellow and yellowish brown clay

loam that has reddish and brownish mottles and

masses of plinthite in the middle part, and mottled

brownish, grayish, reddish, and yellowish clay loam in

the lower part.

Important properties of the Malbis soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 21/2

to 4 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Escambia, Grady, Notcher, and Poarch soils.

The Bama soils are in slightly higher, more convex

positions than those of the Malbis soil and have

reddish colors throughout the subsoil. The somewhat

poorly drained Escambia soils are in slightly lower,

more concave positions than those of the Malbis soil.

The poorly drained Grady soils are in shallow

depressions. The Notcher and Poarch soils are in

positions similar to those of the Malbis soil. The

Notcher soils have more than 5 percent ironstone

nodules in the subsoil. The Poarch soils have less clay

in the upper part of the subsoil than the Malbis soil.

Included soils make up about 10 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. It

has few limitations affecting this use. Low fertility,

however, is a management concern. The surface layer

is friable and is easy to keep in good tilth. It can be

tilled over a wide range of moisture content without

becoming cloddy. Conservation practices, such as

growing cover crops, minimizing tillage, and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter, improve fertility and help to maintain

tilth and the content of organic matter. Most crops

respond well to systematic applications of lime and

fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay

(fig. 4). It has few limitations affecting these uses.

Coastal bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and clovers are

well adapted to the local conditions. Proper stocking

rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites, slight

limitations affecting local roads and streets, and

severe limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary

facilities. The main management concerns are

wetness and the moderately slow permeability. A

subsurface drainage system can help to lower the

water table. Septic tank absorption fields do not

function properly during rainy periods because of the

wetness and the moderately slow permeability.

Enlarging the size of the absorption field helps to

overcome these limitations. Using suitable fill material

to raise the filter field a sufficient distance above the

seasonal high water table improves the performance

of a septic system.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has few limitations for most uses.

The capability class is I. The woodland ordination

symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit is in the

Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological community.

42—Malbis sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

gently sloping shoulder slopes and side slopes of

broad ridges in the central and northern parts of the

county. Slopes generally are long and smooth.
Escambia County, Florida 49

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 10 to about 100 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil extends to a

depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown loam in the

upper part, brownish yellow and yellowish brown clay

loam that has reddish and brownish mottles and

masses of plinthite in the middle part, and mottled

brownish, grayish, reddish, and yellowish clay loam in

the lower part.

Important properties of the Malbis soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 21/2

to 4 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Escambia, Notcher, Poarch, and Robertsdale

soils. The Bama soils are on the upper parts of slopes

and have reddish colors throughout the subsoil. The

somewhat poorly drained Escambia and Robertsdale

soils are in concave swales. The Notcher and Poarch

soils are in positions similar to those of the Malbis soil.

The Notcher soils have more than 5 percent ironstone

nodules in the subsoil. The Poarch soils have a lower

content of clay in the upper part of the subsoil than the

Malbis soil. Also included are small areas of Malbis

soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 5 percent. Included soils make up about 10

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concern is a moderate hazard of

erosion. Conservation tillage, terraces, contour

farming, and cover crops reduce the runoff rate and

help to control erosion. Minimizing tillage and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter help to improve and maintain tilth and

Figure 4.—Rolled bales of improved bermudagrass hay in an area of Malbis sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This soil is well

suited to pasture and hay.
50 Soil Survey

the content of organic matter. Crops respond well to

systematic applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Bahiagrass

and coastal bermudagrass are the most commonly

grown grasses. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged wet

or dry periods help to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer improve

fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites and local

roads and streets and has severe limitations affecting

most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are wetness and the

moderately slow permeability. A subsurface drainage

system can help to lower the water table. Septic tank

absorption fields do not function properly during rainy

periods because of the wetness and the moderately

slow permeability. Enlarging the size of the absorption

field helps to overcome these limitations. Using

suitable fill material to raise the filter field a sufficient

distance above the seasonal high water table

improves the performance of a septic system.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has few limitations for most uses. The slope is

a moderate limitation in areas used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

43—Albany sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes

This very deep, somewhat poorly drained soil is in

flat or slightly concave positions on nearly level

summits of low ridges and on gently sloping positions

on toeslopes. It is in positions that are depressed

relative to the surrounding landforms. Slopes are long

and smooth. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 3 to about 50 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sand about 7 inches thick. The subsurface

layer extends to a depth of 57 inches. It is brown sand

in the upper part, light yellowish brown sand that has

brownish mottles in the middle part, and light gray

sand in the lower part. The subsoil extends to a depth

of 80 inches. It is light brownish gray sandy loam that

has brownish mottles in the upper part and gray sandy

clay loam that has brownish mottles in the lower part.

Important properties of the Albany soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1 to

21/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderately slow in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Escambia, Foxworth, and Pelham soils. The

well drained Bonifay and moderately well drained

Foxworth soils are in slightly higher, more convex

positions than those of the Albany soil. The Bonifay

soils have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the

subsoil. The Foxworth soils do not have loamy subsoil

layers within a depth of 80 inches. The Escambia soils

are in positions similar to those of the Albany soil and

do not have thick, sandy surface and subsurface

layers. The poorly drained Pelham soils are in slightly

lower positions than those of the Albany soil and have

loamy subsoil layers within a depth of 20 to 40 inches.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are seasonal wetness

and the very low available water capacity. Additional

management concerns include soil blowing, low

fertility, and rapid leaching of plant nutrients. A watercontrol system that removes excess water in wet

seasons and provides supplemental irrigation in dry

seasons maximizes productivity. Conservation tillage,

winter cover crops, crop residue management, and

crop rotations that include grasses and legumes

increase the amount of available water, decrease soil

blowing, and improve fertility of the soil. Applying lime

and fertilizer on the basis of soil testing increases the

availability of plant nutrients and maximizes

productivity. Using split applications increases the

effectiveness of fertilizer and herbicides.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Wetness

and the very low available water capacity are the main

management concerns. Coastal bermudagrass and

bahiagrass are adapted to the local conditions.

Shallow ditches can help to remove excess surface
Escambia County, Florida 51

water. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during very wet or very dry periods

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

Applications of lime and fertilizer improve fertility and

increase the production of forage. Using split

applications increases the effectiveness of fertilizer

and herbicides.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high for slash pine and loblolly pine and

moderate for longleaf pine. Moderate limitations affect

timber management. The main management concerns

are an equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and

plant competition. The sandy texture of the surface

layer restricts the use of wheeled equipment,

especially when the soil is very dry. Wetness limits the

use of equipment during winter and spring. Using lowpressure ground equipment minimizes the damage to

the soil and helps to maintain productivity. The

moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition can

prevent adequate reforestation unless sites receive

appropriate site preparation and maintenance. Site

preparation can control the initial plant competition,

and herbicides can control subsequent growth.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

Wetness is a severe limitation affecting building sites,

local roads and streets, and most kinds of sanitary

facilities. Because of the seasonal high water table

during winter and spring, a drainage system is needed

for buildings. A deep drainage system can help to

lower the water table. Constructing roads on raised,

well-compacted fill material helps to overcome the

wetness. Septic tank absorption fields do not function

properly during rainy periods because of the wetness.

Constructing the absorption field on a raised bed helps

to compensate for this limitation.

This map unit is suited to recreational uses.

Wetness, the sandy texture, and restricted

permeability are the main management concerns.

The capability subclass is IIIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

44—Corolla-Urban land complex,

0 to 5 percent slopes, rarely

flooded

This map unit consists of the very deep, somewhat

poorly drained Corolla soil and areas of Urban land. It

is on barrier islands in the coastal lowlands. The areas

of Corolla soil and Urban land are so closely

intermingled that they could not be mapped separately

at the scale selected for mapping. The Corolla soil

makes up about 50 percent of the map unit, and the

Urban land makes up about 40 percent. Slopes

generally are long and smooth. Individual areas are

rectangular. They range from 200 to about 400 acres

in size.

The Corolla soil generally is on slightly convex, low

dunes and on convex positions on flats. Typically, the

surface layer is grayish brown sand about 5 inches

thick. The substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches.

It is very pale brown sand in the upper part, white

sand that has strong brown and yellowish red mottles

in the middle part, and light gray sand in the lower

part.

Important properties of the Corolla soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 3 feet throughout the year

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Very rapid

Flooding: Rare

Urban land consists of areas that are covered by

sidewalks, patios, driveways, parking lots, streets,

playgrounds, and buildings.

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Newhan and Duckston soils. The excessively drained

Newhan soils are in slightly higher positions than

those of the Corolla soil and do not have a seasonal

high water table within a depth of 6 feet. The poorly

drained Duckston soils are in interdunal swales. Also

included are areas that have been modified to such an

extent that the soil series cannot be identified.

Inclusions make up about 10 percent of the map unit.

Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

The Corolla soil cannot easily be managed for

crops, pasture, hay, or woodland because of the

limited size of the areas and the areas of Urban land

and highly disturbed soils.

The Corolla soil is poorly suited to most urban uses

because of the flooding and wetness. Additional

limitations include the instability of cutbanks,

trafficability, and droughtiness. Because of the

seasonal high water table during winter and spring, a

drainage system is needed for buildings. Installing a

subsurface drainage system helps to lower the water

table. Cutbanks are unstable and subject to slumping.

Support beams should be used to maintain the

stability of the cutbanks. Constructing roads on raised,

well-compacted fill material helps to overcome the

wetness. Septic tank absorption fields do not function

properly during rainy periods because of the wetness.
52 Soil Survey

Constructing the absorption field on a raised bed helps

to compensate for this limitation and provides

increased filtering capacity. Quickly establishing

permanent ground cover helps to stabilize the soil and

improves trafficability. Applying lime and fertilizer,

mulching, and irrigating help to establish lawns and

landscape plants.

This map unit is poorly suited to most recreational

uses. It has severe and moderate limitations affecting

most uses. The sandy texture and wetness are the

main management concerns.

This map unit has not been assigned a capability

subclass, woodland ordination symbol, or ecological

community.

45—Troup and Perdido soils,

8 to 35 percent slopes, severely

eroded

This map unit consists of the sandy, somewhat

excessively drained Troup soil and the loamy, well

drained Perdido soil. It is on strongly sloping to steep

hillslopes in the central and northern parts of the

county. The composition of the unit is variable. Some

areas mainly consist of the Troup soil, some areas

mainly consist of the Perdido soil, and other areas

contain both soils in variable proportions. In a typical

area, the Troup soil makes up about 50 percent of the

map unit and the Perdido soil makes up about 35

percent. In most areas, the surface layer is a mixture

of the original surface layer and material from the

subsurface layer or subsoil. In some places, all of the

original surface layer has been removed. Most areas

have numerous rills and gullies. Slopes generally are

short and complex, but some are long and smooth.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 15 to 75 acres in size.

The Troup soil generally is on the lower parts of

side slopes and on footslopes. Typically, the surface

layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5 inches thick.

The subsurface layer extends to a depth of 58 inches.

It is yellowish brown sand in the upper part, strong

brown sand in the middle part, and yellowish red

loamy sand in the lower part. The subsoil to a depth of

80 inches is red sandy loam and sandy clay loam.

Important properties of the Troup soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

The Perdido soil generally is on shoulder slopes and

the upper parts of side slopes. Typically, the surface

layer is dark yellowish brown sandy loam about 8

inches thick. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is strong brown sandy loam in the upper part,

yellowish red and strong brown sandy loam in the

middle part, and red sandy clay loam and sandy loam

in the lower part. The middle and lower parts of the

subsoil have nodules of plinthite.

Important properties of the Perdido soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 4 to

6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Fluvaquents and Bonifay, Iuka, Lakeland, Lucy, and

Poarch soils. The Bonifay, Lakeland, and Lucy soils

are in positions similar to those of the Troup soil. The

Bonifay soils have thick, sandy surface and

subsurface layers and a significant accumulation of

plinthite in the subsoil. The Lakeland soils are sandy to

a depth of more than 80 inches. The Lucy soils have

sandy surface and subsurface layers that are 20 to 40

inches thick. The poorly drained Fluvaquents and

moderately well drained Iuka soils are on narrow flood

plains. The Poarch soils are in positions similar to

those of the Perdido soil. They do not have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers and have

brownish colors throughout the subsoil. Also included

are a few small areas of soils that are similar to the

Perdido soil but that contain common fragments of

ironstone ranging in size from channers to boulders.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 10 acres

in size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the moderately steep

slopes and a severe hazard of erosion. Additional

management concerns include the complex

topography, droughtiness in areas of the Troup soil,

and the presence of deep gullies.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay.

The main management concerns are the slope,

droughtiness in areas of the Troup soil, and a severe

hazard of erosion. The more steeply sloping areas are

best suited to native grasses. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during wet

periods help to maintain the pasture.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is high.

Moderate limitations affect timber management. The

main management concerns are the hazard of
Escambia County, Florida 53

erosion, an equipment limitation, seedling mortality,

and plant competition. Exposing the surface by

removing ground cover increases the hazard of

erosion, including rill and gully erosion. Installing

broad-based dips, water bars, and culverts helps to

stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and landings.

Reseeding disturbed areas with adapted grasses and

legumes helps to control erosion and the siltation of

streams. The slope and the sandy texture in areas of

the Troup soil restrict the use of equipment. Using

equipment that has wide tires or crawler-type

equipment improves trafficability. The moderate

seedling mortality rate in areas of the Troup soil is

caused by droughtiness. It can be compensated for by

increasing the number of trees planted. Plant

competition reduces timber yields and can prevent

adequate reforestation unless sites receive intensive

preparation and maintenance. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control plant competition.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban and

recreational uses. It is generally not suitable as a site

for buildings because of the slope. Other limitations

include the moderately slow permeability of the

Perdido soil and the sandy texture of the Troup soil.

The capability subclass is VIIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11R for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

46—Garcon-Bigbee-Yemassee

complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

This map unit consists of the somewhat poorly

drained Garcon and Yemassee soils and the

excessively drained Bigbee soil. It is on flood plains

and low terraces in the central and northern parts of

the county. The soils occur as areas so intricately

intermingled that they could not be mapped separately

at the scale selected for mapping. The Garcon soil

makes up about 35 percent of the map unit, the

Bigbee soil makes up about 30 percent, and the

Yemassee soil makes up about 20 percent. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent. Individual areas generally

are long and narrow or are oblong. They range from

10 to about 60 acres in size.

The Garcon soil is on low terraces. Typically, the

surface layer is very dark gray loamy fine sand about

5 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth of 27

inches is light yellowish brown loamy fine sand that

has brownish and grayish mottles. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 57 inches. It is brownish yellow

fine sandy loam that has brownish and grayish mottles

in the upper part and is light brownish gray sandy clay

loam and fine sandy loam that has brownish and

grayish mottles in the lower part. The substratum to a

depth of 80 inches is white fine sand that has

brownish mottles.

Important properties of the Garcon soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 3 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

The Bigbee soil generally is on high parts of natural

levees. Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish

brown fine sand about 7 inches thick. The substratum

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown

fine sand in the upper part, light yellowish brown fine

sand in the middle part, and white and light gray fine

sand that has brownish and grayish mottles in the

lower part.

Important properties of the Bigbee soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 31/2

to 6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

The Yemassee soil is on low terraces. Typically, the

surface layer is very dark grayish brown fine sandy

loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a

depth of 12 inches is grayish brown fine sandy loam.

The subsoil extends to a depth of 74 inches. It is olive

yellow sandy clay loam that has brownish and grayish

mottles in the upper part, olive yellow fine sandy loam

and sandy clay loam having brownish and grayish

mottles in the middle part, and light gray fine sandy

loam that has brownish and reddish mottles in the

lower part. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches is

light gray sand.

Important properties of the Yemassee soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1 to

11/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Dorovan, Pelham, and Weston soils. The

Albany soils are on low terraces in positions similar to

those of the Garcon and Yemassee soils. The Albany

soils have sandy surface and subsurface layers
54 Soil Survey

having a combined thickness of 40 to 80 inches. The

Dorovan soils are in deep sloughs and have organic

layers to a depth of 50 inches or more. The poorly

drained Pelham and Weston soils are in slightly lower,

less convex positions than those of the Garcon and

Yemassee soils. Also included are a few areas of soils

that are similar to the Bigbee soil but have a seasonal

high water table at a depth of 24 to 40 inches. They

are on positions similar to those of the Bigbee soil.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the flooding, wetness

in the Garcon and Yemassee soils, and the

droughtiness of the Bigbee soil. The planting of earlyseason crops may be delayed in some years because

of the flooding. Well maintained drainageways and

ditches can help to remove excess water in areas of

the Garcon and Yemassee soils. Minimizing tillage and

returning all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding

other organic matter improve fertility and help to

maintain tilth and the content of organic matter.

Applying lime and fertilizer on the basis of soil testing

increases the availability of plant nutrients and

maximizes productivity.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. The

main management concerns are the occasional

flooding, the wetness in the Garcon and Yemassee

soils, and the droughtiness of the Bigbee soil. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are adapted to the

local conditions. Excess surface water can be

removed by shallow ditches. Deferring or restricting

grazing during very wet periods helps to keep the

pasture in good condition. Applications of lime and

fertilizer improve fertility and promote the growth of

forage plants.

This map unit is suited to pines and hardwoods.

The potential productivity is moderately high for slash

pine, longleaf pine, loblolly pine, and hardwoods. The

main management concerns are an equipment

limitation, seedling mortality, and plant competition.

The seasonal high water table and the flooding restrict

the use of equipment to periods when the soils are

dry. The high seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness in areas of the Bigbee soil and by

wetness in areas of the Garcon and Yemassee soils. It

can be reduced by planting on raised beds, or it can

be compensated for by increasing the number of trees

planted. Plant competition reduces timber yields and

can prevent adequate reforestation unless sites

receive intensive preparation and maintenance. Site

preparation can control the initial plant competition,

and herbicides can control subsequent growth.

This map unit is not suited to most urban and

recreational uses. The flooding and wetness are

severe limitations affecting most uses. Buildings can

be elevated above the expected level of flooding by

constructing them on pilings or on well-compacted fill.

The capability subclass is IIw in areas of the

Garcon soil, IIIs in areas of the Bigbee soil, and IIw in

areas of the Yemassee soil. The woodland ordination

symbol for slash pine is 10W in areas of the Garcon

soil, 11S in areas of the Bigbee soil, and 11W in areas

of the Yemassee soil. This map unit is in the

Bottomland Hardwoods ecological community.

47—Hurricane and Albany soils,

0 to 5 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

This map unit consists of the very deep, somewhat

poorly drained Hurricane and Albany soils. It is on low

terraces that parallel the Escambia and Perdido

Rivers in the central and northern parts of the county.

The composition of this unit is variable. Some areas

mainly consist of the Hurricane soil, some areas

mainly consist of the Albany soil, and other areas

contain both soils in variable proportions. In a typical

area, the Hurricane soil makes up about 45 percent of

the map unit and the Albany soil makes up about 40

percent. Individual areas are long and narrow or are

oblong. They range from 5 to about 45 acres in size.

The Hurricane soil is in slightly convex positions on

low terraces. Typically, the surface layer is very dark

grayish brown sand about 5 inches thick. The

subsurface layer extends to a depth of 58 inches. It is

yellowish brown sand in the upper part, light gray sand

that has brownish mottles in the middle part, and white

sand in the lower part. The subsoil extends to a depth

of 80 inches. It is dark reddish gray sand in the upper

part and dark reddish brown sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Hurricane soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 31/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

The Albany soil is in slightly lower positions than the

Hurricane soil. Typically, the surface layer is very dark

grayish brown sand about 7 inches thick. The

subsurface layer extends to a depth of 57 inches. It is

brown sand in the upper part, light yellowish brown

sand that has brownish mottles in the middle part, and

light gray sand in the lower part. The subsoil extends
Escambia County, Florida 55

to a depth of 80 inches. It is light brownish gray sandy

loam that has brownish mottles in the upper part and

gray sandy clay loam that has brownish mottles in the

lower part.

Important properties of the Albany soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1 to

21/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderately slow in the subsoil

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Eunola, Garcon, Pelham, and Weston soils. The

moderately well drained Eunola soils are on small

knolls and are loamy throughout. The Garcon soils are

in positions similar to those of the Albany soil and

have loamy subsoil layers at a depth of 20 to 40

inches. The poorly drained Pelham and Weston soils

are in shallow depressions and drainageways.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are the occasional

flooding, seasonal wetness, and the very low available

water capacity. Additional management concerns

include soil blowing, low fertility, and rapid leaching of

plant nutrients. A water-control system that removes

excess water in wet seasons and provides

supplemental irrigation in dry seasons maximizes

productivity. Conservation tillage, winter cover crops,

crop residue management, and crop rotations that

include grasses and legumes increase the amount of

available water, decrease soil blowing, and improve

fertility of the soils. Applying lime and fertilizer on the

basis of soil testing increases the availability of plant

nutrients and maximizes productivity. Using split

applications increases the effectiveness of fertilizer

and herbicides.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. The

occasional flooding, wetness, and the very low

available water capacity are the main management

concerns. Coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass are

adapted to the local conditions. Shallow ditches can

help to remove excess surface water. Proper stocking

rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

very wet or very dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

Using split applications increases the effectiveness of

fertilizer and herbicides.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high for slash pine and loblolly pine and

moderate for longleaf pine. Moderate limitations affect

timber management. The main management concerns

are an equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and

plant competition. The sandy texture of the surface

layer restricts the use of wheeled equipment,

especially when the soils are very dry. Wetness limits

the use of equipment during winter and spring. Using

low-pressure ground equipment minimizes the

damage to the soils and helps to maintain productivity.

The moderate seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness. It can be compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition can

prevent adequate reforestation unless sites receive

appropriate site preparation and maintenance. Site

preparation can control the initial plant competition,

and herbicides can control subsequent growth.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses. It

has severe limitation affecting building sites, local

roads and streets, and most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are wetness and the

occasional flooding. Buildings can be elevated above

the expected level of flooding by constructing them on

pilings or mounds. Septic tank absorption fields do not

function properly during rainy periods because of the

wetness. Constructing the absorption field on a raised

bed helps to compensate for this limitation.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

It has severe and moderate limitations affecting most

uses. The occasional flooding, wetness, and the

sandy textures are the main management concerns.

The capability subclass is IIIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

48—Pelham-Yemassee complex,

occasionally flooded

This map unit consists of the poorly drained Pelham

soil and the somewhat poorly drained Yemassee soil.

It is on low terraces in the central and northern parts of

the county. The soils occur as areas so intricately

intermingled that they could not be mapped separately

at the scale selected for mapping. The Pelham soil

makes up about 65 percent of the map unit, and the

Yemassee soil makes up about 20 percent. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent. Individual areas generally

are long and narrow or are oblong. They range from

10 to about 100 acres in size.

The Pelham soil is in low, concave positions on

terraces. Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray

loamy sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer
56 Soil Survey

to a depth of 35 inches is gray loamy sand that has

brownish mottles. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is gray sandy loam that has brownish

mottles in the upper part and mottled gray and light

gray sandy clay loam that has yellowish and brownish

mottles in the lower part.

Important properties of the Pelham soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderately slow in the subsoil

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

The Yemassee soil is in flat or slightly convex

positions on terraces. Typically, the surface layer is

very dark grayish brown fine sandy loam about 5

inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth of 12

inches is grayish brown fine sandy loam. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 74 inches. It is olive yellow

sandy clay loam that has brownish and grayish

mottles in the upper part, olive yellow fine sandy loam

and sandy clay loam having brownish and grayish

mottles in the middle part, and light gray fine sandy

loam that has brownish and reddish mottles in the

lower part. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches is

light gray sand.

Important properties of the Yemassee soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1 to

11/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Fluvaquents and Eunola, Garcon, and Weston soils.

The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in sloughs or

swales. The moderately well drained Eunola soils are

in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of

the Yemassee soil. The somewhat poorly drained

Garcon soils are in slightly higher positions than those

of the Pelham soil and have sandy surface and

subsurface layers having a combined thickness of 20

to 40 inches. The poorly drained Weston soils are in

shallow drainageways or swales and do not have

thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers. Also

included are small areas of Pelham and Yemassee

soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are wetness and the

occasional flooding. The planting of early-season crops

may be delayed in some years because of the flooding.

Installing a drainage system that includes open

ditches, perforated tile, or land shaping improves

productivity. Delaying spring planting minimizes the

rutting that occurs if equipment is used when the soils

are wet. Applying lime and fertilizer on the basis of soil

testing increases the availability of plant nutrients and

maximizes productivity.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay.

Wetness and the occasional flooding are the main

management concerns. Grasses that are tolerant of

wet conditions should be selected. Shallow ditches

can help to remove excess water from the surface.

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted

grazing during wet periods help to keep the pasture in

good condition. Applying lime and fertilizer on the

basis of soil testing increases the availability of plant

nutrients and maximizes productivity.

This map unit is suited to slash pine and loblolly

pine. The potential productivity is high, but severe

limitations affect timber management. The main

management concerns are an equipment limitation,

seedling mortality, and plant competition.

Harvesting activities should be planned for seasons

when the soils are dry. Using standard wheeled and

tracked equipment when the soils are wet results in

rutting and compaction. Using low-pressure ground

equipment minimizes rutting and the damage

caused to tree roots by compaction. Planting

seedlings on raised beds helps to establish the

seedlings and increases the seedling survival rate.

Plant competition reduces timber yields and can

prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by site preparation,

herbicides, or prescribed burning. Applications of

fertilizer can increase yields.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

Wetness and the flooding are severe limitations

affecting building sites, local roads and streets, and

most kinds of sanitary facilities. Buildings can be

elevated above the expected level of flooding by

constructing them on pilings or mounds. Septic tank

absorption fields may not function properly during the

rainy season because of the slow permeability and the

seasonal high water table. Using suitable fill material

to raise the filter field a sufficient distance above the

seasonal high water table improves the performance

of a septic system. Constructing roads on raised, wellcompacted fill material helps to overcome the

wetness.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

It has severe limitations affecting most uses. The main

management concerns are wetness and the flooding.
Escambia County, Florida 57

The capability subclass is IIIw in areas of the

Pelham soil and IIw in areas of the Yemassee soil.

The woodland ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine.

This map unit is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine

ecological community.

49—Dorovan muck and

Fluvaquents, frequently flooded

This map unit consists of the very poorly drained,

mucky Dorovan soil and loamy and sandy

Fluvaquents. It is on flood plains along rivers and

streams in the central and northern parts of the

county. This map unit is subject to frequent flooding

and ponding for very long periods in most years. The

composition of this unit is variable. Some areas mainly

consist of the Dorovan soil, some areas mainly consist

of the Fluvaquents, and other areas contain both in

variable proportions. In a typical area, the Dorovan soil

makes up about 45 percent of the map unit and the

Fluvaquents make up about 40 percent. Slopes are

less than 2 percent. Individual areas are long and

narrow and range from 20 to several hundred acres in

size.

The Dorovan soil commonly is on the lower parts of

the flood plain. Typically, the surface layer is dark

reddish brown muck about 8 inches thick. Below this

is black muck to a depth of 80 inches.

Important properties of the Dorovan soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 2 feet

above the surface to a depth of 1/2 foot from

December through July

Available water capacity: Very high

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: Frequently flooded for very long periods in

most years

Duration of ponding: Very long periods in most years

The Fluvaquents are in slightly higher positions on

the flood plains than the Dorovan soil. Fluvaquents are

mineral soils that have variable soil properties.

Because of this variability, Fluvaquents are classified

only to the Great Group level. No typical pedon has

been selected.

Important properties of the Fluvaquents—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot from December through July

Available water capacity: Variable

Permeability: Variable

Flooding: Frequently flooded for very long periods in

most years

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bigbee, Croatan, Mantachie, and Pelham soils. The

excessively drained Bigbee soils are on high parts of

natural levees and are sandy throughout. The Croatan

soils are in positions similar to those of the Dorovan

soil and have mineral layers within a depth of 16 to 51

inches. The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils

are on the intermediate parts of natural levees and are

loamy throughout. The poorly drained Pelham soils

are on low terraces and have thick, sandy surface and

subsurface layers. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 10 acres in size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, hayland, woodland, urban uses, or

recreational uses because of wetness, the flooding,

and ponding.

The capability subclass is VIIw. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. It is

in the Swamp Hardwoods ecological community.

50—Bigbee-Garcon-Fluvaquents

complex, flooded

This map unit consists of the excessively drained

Bigbee soil, the somewhat poorly drained Garcon soil,

and the very poorly drained Fluvaquents. It is on the

flood plains along the Perdido River, Eight-Mile Creek,

and Eleven-Mile Creek in the central and northern

parts of the county. The soils occur as areas so

intricately intermingled that they could not be mapped

separately at the scale selected for mapping. The

Bigbee soil makes up about 35 percent of the map

unit, the Garcon soil makes up about 30 percent, and

the Fluvaquents make up about 20 percent. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent. Individual areas generally

are long and narrow. They range from 25 to about 800

acres in size.

The Bigbee soil generally is on high parts of natural

levees. Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish

brown fine sand about 7 inches thick. The substratum

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown

fine sand in the upper part, light yellowish brown fine

sand in the middle part, and white and light gray fine

sand that has brownish and grayish mottles in the

lower part.

Important properties of the Bigbee soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 31/2

to 6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods
58 Soil Survey

The Garcon soil is in flat or slightly convex positions

on low terraces. Typically, the surface layer is very

dark gray loamy fine sand about 5 inches thick. The

subsurface layer to a depth of 27 inches is light

yellowish brown loamy fine sand that has brownish

and grayish mottles. The subsoil extends to a depth of

57 inches. It is brownish yellow fine sandy loam that

has brownish and grayish mottles in the upper part

and is light brownish gray sandy clay loam and fine

sandy loam having brownish and grayish mottles in

the lower part. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches

is white fine sand that has brownish mottles.

Important properties of the Garcon soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 3 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

The Fluvaquents are in swales and sloughs in the

lower parts of backswamps. Fluvaquents generally are

very poorly drained but may vary significantly in color,

texture, and content of organic matter.

Important properties of the Fluvaquents—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 1 foot

above the surface to a depth of 1/2 foot from

December through July

Available water capacity: Variable

Permeability: Variable

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Duration of ponding: Long or very long

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Dorovan, Pelham, Weston, and Yemassee

soils. The Albany and Yemassee soils are on low

terraces in positions similar to those of the Garcon

soil. The Albany soils have sandy surface and

subsurface layers having a combined thickness of 40

to 80 inches. The Yemassee soils do not have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers. The Dorovan

soils are in positions similar to those of the

Fluvaquents and have organic layers to depth of 50

inches or more. The poorly drained Pelham and

Weston soils are in slightly lower, less convex

positions than those of the Garcon soil. Also included

are a few areas of soils that are similar to the Bigbee

soil but have loamy layers below a depth of 40 inches.

They are in positions similar to those of the Bigbee

soil. Included soils make up about 15 percent of the

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 10 acres

in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops,

pasture, and hay. The flooding is the main management

concern. Additional management concerns include

wetness in the Garcon soil and Fluvaquents,

droughtiness in the Bigbee soil, and the complex

topography.

This map unit is suited to pine and hardwoods. The

Garcon and Bigbee soils have a moderately high

potential productivity for slash pine, longleaf pine, and

loblolly pine and hardwoods. Because the Fluvaquents

are subject to ponding for long and very long

durations, they are not suited to the production of pine.

The main management concerns in areas of the

Garcon and Bigbee soils are an equipment limitation,

seedling mortality, and plant competition. The

seasonal high water table and the flooding restrict the

use of equipment to periods when the soils are dry.

The high seedling mortality rate is caused by

droughtiness in areas of the Bigbee soil and by

excessive wetness in areas of the Garcon soil and

Fluvaquents. It can be reduced by planting on raised

beds, or it can be compensated for by increasing the

number of trees planted. Plant competition reduces

timber yields and can prevent adequate reforestation

unless sites receive intensive preparation and

maintenance. Site preparation can control the initial

plant competition, and herbicides can control

subsequent growth.

This map unit is not suited to most urban and

recreational uses. The flooding and wetness are

severe limitations affecting most uses. Buildings can

be elevated above the expected level of flooding by

constructing them on pilings or on well-compacted fill.

The capability subclass is IIIs in areas of the Bigbee

soil, IIIw in areas of the Garcon soil, and VIIw in areas

of the Fluvaquents. The woodland ordination symbol

for slash pine is 11S in areas of the Bigbee soil and

10W in areas of the Garcon soil. The Fluvaquents

have not been assigned a woodland ordination

symbol. This map unit is in the Bottomland Hardwoods

ecological community.

51—Pelham loamy sand, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, poorly drained soil is in flat or

slightly depressional positions on stream terraces and

uplands in the northern and central parts of the county.

Slopes are long and smooth. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 3 to about 90

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray loamy

sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a

depth of 35 inches is gray loamy sand that has
Escambia County, Florida 59

brownish mottles. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is gray sandy loam that has brownish

mottles in the upper part and is mottled gray and light

gray sandy clay loam that has yellowish and brownish

mottles in the lower part.

Important properties of the Pelham soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot from December through April

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderately slow in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Escambia, Yemassee, and Weston soils. The

somewhat poorly drained Albany, Escambia, and

Yemassee soils are in slightly higher, more convex

positions than those of the Pelham soil. The Weston

soils are in positions similar to those of the Pelham

soil and do not have thick, sandy surface and

subsurface layers. Also included are small areas of

Pelham soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Wetness is the main limitation. Installing a drainage

system that includes open ditches, perforated tile, or

land shaping improves productivity. Delaying spring

planting minimizes the rutting that occurs if equipment

is used when the soil is wet. Applying lime and

fertilizer on the basis of soil testing increases the

availability of plant nutrients and maximizes

productivity.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay.

Wetness is the main limitation. Grasses that are

tolerant of wet conditions should be selected. Shallow

ditches can help to remove excess water from the

surface. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during wet periods help to keep the

pasture in good condition. Applications of fertilizer and

lime are needed for the maximum production of

forage.

This map unit is suited to slash pine and loblolly

pine. The potential productivity is high, but severe

limitations affect timber management. The main

management concerns are an equipment limitation,

seedling mortality, and plant competition. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the soil

is dry. Using standard wheeled and tracked equipment

when the soil is wet results in rutting and compaction.

Using low-pressure ground equipment minimizes

rutting and the damage caused to tree roots by

compaction. Planting seedlings on raised beds helps

to establish the seedlings and increases the seedling

survival rate. Plant competition reduces timber yields

and can prevent adequate reforestation. The

competing vegetation can be controlled by site

preparation, herbicides, or prescribed burning.

Applications of fertilizer can increase yields.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

Wetness is a severe limitation affecting building sites,

local roads and streets, and most kinds of sanitary

facilities. Because of the seasonal high water table

during winter and spring, a drainage system is needed

for buildings. A deep drainage system can help to

lower the water table. Constructing roads on raised,

well-compacted fill material helps to overcome the

wetness. Septic tank absorption fields do not function

properly during rainy periods because of the wetness.

Constructing the absorption field on a raised bed helps

to compensate for this limitation.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

Wetness is the main limitation.

The capability subclass is IIIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Pitcher Plant Bogs ecological community.

52—Robertsdale sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, somewhat poorly drained soil is in

flat or slightly depressional positions on uplands and

on toeslopes in the central and northern parts of the

county. Slopes are long and smooth. Individual areas

are irregular in shape. They range from 30 to about

150 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray fine

sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer

to a depth of 12 inches is brownish yellow fine sandy

loam. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is

light yellowish brown loam that has mottles in shades

of brown, yellow, and gray in the upper part and is

mottled grayish, brownish, and reddish sandy clay

loam that has masses of plinthite in the lower part.

Important properties of the Robertsdale soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 1 to

21/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Escambia, Malbis, Notcher, and Poarch soils. The

Escambia soils are in positions similar to those of the

Robertsdale soil and have a lower content of clay in

the subsoil. The moderately well drained Malbis,
60 Soil Survey

Notcher, and Poarch soils are in slightly higher, more

convex positions than those of the Robertsdale soil.

Also included are small areas of poorly drained, loamy

soils in narrow drainageways and depressions.

Included soils make up about 10 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concern is wetness. Planting may

be delayed in spring because of the wetness. Well

maintained drainageways and ditches can help to

remove excess water. Minimizing tillage and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter improve fertility and help to maintain

tilth and the content of organic matter. Applying lime

and fertilizer on the basis of soil testing increases the

availability of plant nutrients and maximizes

productivity.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Wetness

is the main limitation. Grasses that are tolerant of wet

conditions should be selected. Shallow ditches can

help to remove excess water from the surface. Proper

stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing

during wet periods help to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of fertilizer and lime are needed

for the maximum production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

high, but moderate and severe limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation and plant competition. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the soil

is dry. Using standard wheeled and tracked equipment

when the soil is wet results in rutting and compaction.

Using low-pressure ground equipment minimizes the

damage to the soil and helps to maintain productivity.

Plant competition reduces timber yields and can

prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by site preparation,

herbicides, or prescribed burning.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban

uses. Wetness is a severe limitation affecting

building sites, local roads and streets, and most

kinds of sanitary facilities. Because of the seasonal

high water table during winter and spring, a

drainage system is needed for buildings. A deep

drainage system can help to lower the water table.

Constructing roads on raised, well-compacted fill

material helps to overcome the wetness. Septic

tank absorption fields do not function properly

during rainy periods because of the wetness.

Constructing the absorption field on a raised bed

helps to compensate for this limitation.

This map unit is suited to recreational uses.

Wetness and restricted permeability are the main

management concerns.

The capability subclass is IIIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

54—Troup-Poarch complex, 8 to 12

percent slopes

This map unit consists of the sandy, somewhat

excessively drained Troup soil and the loamy, well

drained Poarch soil. It is on strongly sloping hillslopes

in the central and northern parts of the county. The

soils occur as areas so intricately intermingled that

they could not be mapped separately at the scale

selected for mapping. The Troup soil makes up about

45 percent of the map unit, and the Poarch soil makes

up about 35 percent. Slopes generally are short and

complex. Individual areas are irregular in shape. They

range from 10 to about 125 acres in size.

The Troup soil generally is on the middle and lower

parts of side slopes and on footslopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5

inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to a depth

of 58 inches. It is yellowish brown sand in the upper

part, strong brown sand in the middle part, and

yellowish red loamy sand in the lower part. The

subsoil to a depth of 80 inches is red sandy loam and

sandy clay loam.

Important properties of the Troup soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

The Poarch soil generally is on shoulder slopes and

the upper parts of side slopes. Typically, the surface

layer is very dark grayish brown sandy loam about 5

inches thick. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is yellowish brown sandy loam in the upper

part; yellowish brown and brownish yellow sandy loam

that has brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles in the

middle part; and very pale brown and brownish yellow

sandy loam that has brownish, reddish, and grayish

mottles in the lower part. The middle and lower parts

of the subsoil have nodules of plinthite.

Important properties of the Poarch soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 21/2

to 5 feet from December through April
Escambia County, Florida 61

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Iuka, Lakeland, Notcher, and Maubila soils.

The Bonifay and Lakeland soils are in positions similar

to those of the Troup soil. The Bonifay soils have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers and a significant

accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The Lakeland

soils are sandy throughout. The moderately well

drained Iuka soils are in narrow drainageways. The

Notcher and Maubila soils are in positions similar to

those of the Poarch soil and have a higher content of

clay in the subsoil. Also included are poorly drained

soils in narrow drainageways and soils that have

slopes of less than 8 percent or more than 12 percent.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the unit.

Individual areas generally are less than 10 acres in

size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops. The

complex topography and the slope are limitations

affecting the use of equipment. Erosion is a severe

hazard. In areas of the Troup soil, the sandy texture

and droughtiness are limitations. If the soils are

cultivated, all tillage should be on the contour or

across the slope.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

the slope, low fertility, and the available water capacity.

In the steeper areas, the slope can limit equipment

use if hay is harvested. Preparing seedbeds on the

contour or across the slope reduces the hazard of

erosion and increases the germination rate. Proper

stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing

during prolonged dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Frequent, light applications of

nitrogen are necessary to maintain the productivity of

grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. The Poarch soil has no significant

limitations affecting timber management, and the

Troup soil has moderate limitations. The main

management concerns are the hazard of erosion, an

equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and plant

competition. Exposing the surface by removing ground

cover increases the hazard of erosion, including rill

and gully erosion. Installing broad-based dips, water

bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging roads, skid

trails, and landings. Reseeding disturbed areas with

adapted grasses and legumes helps to control erosion

and the siltation of streams. The sandy texture in

areas of the Troup soil restricts the use of equipment.

Using equipment that has wide tires or crawler-type

equipment improves trafficability. The moderate

seedling mortality rate in areas of the Troup soil is

caused by droughtiness. It can be compensated for by

increasing the number of trees planted. Plant

competition reduces timber yields and can prevent

adequate reforestation unless sites receive intensive

preparation and maintenance. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control plant competition.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses. It

has moderate and severe limitations affecting building

sites and local roads and streets and has severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the slope and

the moderate and moderately slow permeability.

Additional management concerns include the

seasonal high water table in areas of the Poarch soil

and the sandy texture and droughtiness of the Troup

soil. Erosion is a hazard in the steeper areas. If areas

of this map unit are used as building sites, only the

part of the site that is used for construction should be

disturbed. Access roads can be designed so that

surface runoff is controlled and cut slopes are

stabilized. Septic tank absorption fields may not

function properly during rainy periods because of the

restricted permeability. Effluent from absorption areas

may surface in downslope areas and create a health

hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption lines

and constructing the lines on the contour help to

overcome this hazard. Vegetating cleared and graded

areas as soon as possible or constructing silt fences

helps to maintain soil stability and helps to keep soil

on the site. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is poorly suited to most recreational

uses. It has moderate or severe limitations affecting

most uses. The main management concerns are the

sandy texture of the Troup soil and the slope.

The capability subclass is VIs in areas of the Troup

soil and IVe in areas of the Poarch soil. The woodland

ordination symbol for slash pine is 11S in areas of the

Troup soil and 11A in areas of the Poarch soil. This

map unit is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine

ecological community.

55—Troup-Poarch complex, 2 to 5

percent slopes

This map unit consists of the sandy, somewhat

excessively drained Troup soil and the loamy, well

drained Poarch soil. It is on gently sloping summits

and side slopes of ridges in the central and northern
62 Soil Survey

parts of the county. The soils occur as areas so

intricately intermingled that they could not be mapped

separately at the scale selected for mapping. The

Troup soil makes up about 45 percent of the map unit,

and the Poarch soil makes up about 35 percent.

Slopes generally are long and smooth. Individual

areas are irregular in shape. They range from 5 to

about 50 acres in size.

The Troup soil generally is in the lower and less

sloping positions. Typically, the surface layer is dark

grayish brown sand about 5 inches thick. The

subsurface layer extends to a depth of 58 inches. It is

yellowish brown sand in the upper part, strong brown

sand in the middle part, and yellowish red loamy sand

in the lower part. The subsoil to a depth of 80 inches is

red sandy loam and sandy clay loam.

Important properties of the Troup soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

The Poarch soil generally is on shoulder slopes and

knolls. Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is yellowish brown

sandy loam in the upper part; yellowish brown and

brownish yellow sandy loam that has brownish,

reddish, and grayish mottles in the middle part; and

very pale brown and brownish yellow sandy loam that

has brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles in the

lower part. The middle and lower parts of the subsoil

have nodules of plinthite.

Important properties of the Poarch soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 21/2

to 5 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Bonifay, Escambia, Lakeland, and Notcher

soils. The somewhat poorly drained Albany and

Escambia soils are in slightly depressional positions

around the heads of drains and in shallow swales. The

Bonifay and Lakeland soils are in positions similar to

those of the Troup soil. The Bonifay soils have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers and have a

significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The

Lakeland soils are sandy throughout. The Notcher

soils are in positions similar to those of the Poarch soil

and have a higher content of clay in the subsoil. The

included soils make up about 15 percent of the unit.

Individual areas generally are less than 10 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the available water

capacity, low fertility, and a moderate hazard of

erosion. Returning crop residue to the soil helps to

maintain tilth and increases the available water

capacity. Minimum tillage, contour farming, and

cover crops reduce the runoff rate and help to

control erosion. Leaving the maximum amount of

crop residue on the surface helps to control soil

blowing and conserves soil moisture. In most years,

irrigation can prevent damage to crops and can

increase productivity. Most crops respond well to

applications of lime and to frequent, light

applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

low fertility and the available water capacity. Proper

stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing

during prolonged dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Leaching of plant nutrients is also a

management concern. Frequent, light applications of

nitrogen are necessary to maintain the productivity of

grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. The Poarch soil has no significant

limitations affecting timber management, and the

Troup soil has moderate limitations. The main

management concerns are an equipment limitation,

seedling mortality, and plant competition. The sandy

texture of the Troup soil restricts the use of wheeled

equipment, especially when the soil is very dry.

Harvesting activities should be planned for seasons

when the soils are moist. The moderate seedling

mortality rate is caused by droughtiness. It can be

compensated for by increasing the number of trees

planted. Plant competition reduces timber yields

and can prevent adequate reforestation. The

competing vegetation can be controlled by

mechanical methods, herbicides, or prescribed

burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate and severe limitations affecting building

sites and local roads and streets and has severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the seasonal

high water table and restricted permeability in areas of

the Poarch soil. The sandy texture and droughtiness

of the Troup soil are also management concerns. In
Escambia County, Florida 63

areas of the Poarch soil, septic tank absorption fields

may not function properly during rainy periods

because of the restricted permeability and the

seasonal high water table. A subsurface drainage

system can help to lower the water table. Using

suitable fill material to raise the filter field a sufficient

distance above the seasonal high water table

improves the performance of a septic system.

Vegetating cleared and graded areas as soon as

possible or constructing silt fences helps to maintain

soil stability and to keep soil on the site. Applying lime

and fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating help to establish

lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight or moderate limitations affecting most uses.

The main limitation is the sandy texture of the Troup

soil.

The capability subclass is IIIs in areas of the Troup

soil and IIe in areas of the Poarch soil. The woodland

ordination symbol for slash pine is 11S in areas of the

Troup soil and 11A in areas of the Poarch soil. This

map unit is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine

ecological community.

56—Troup-Poarch complex, 5 to 8

percent slopes

This map unit consists of the sandy, somewhat

excessively drained Troup soil and the loamy, well

drained Poarch soil. It is on moderately sloping

hillslopes in the central and northern parts of the

county. The soils occur as areas so intricately

intermingled that they could not be mapped separately

at the scale selected for mapping. The Troup soil

makes up about 45 percent of the map unit, and the

Poarch soil makes up about 35 percent. Slopes

generally are short and complex. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 5 to about 65

acres in size.

The Troup soil generally is on the middle and lower

parts of side slopes and on footslopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5

inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to a depth

of 58 inches. It is yellowish brown sand in the upper

part, strong brown sand in the middle part, and

yellowish red loamy sand in the lower part. The

subsoil to a depth of 80 inches is red sandy loam and

sandy clay loam.

Important properties of the Troup soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

The Poarch soil generally is on shoulder slopes and

the upper parts of side slopes. Typically, the surface

layer is very dark grayish brown sandy loam about 5

inches thick. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is yellowish brown sandy loam in the upper

part; yellowish brown and brownish yellow sandy loam

that has brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles in the

middle part; and very pale brown and brownish yellow

sandy loam that has brownish, reddish, and grayish

mottles in the lower part. The middle and lower parts

of the subsoil have nodules of plinthite.

Important properties of the Poarch soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 21/2

to 5 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Iuka, Lakeland, Notcher, and Maubila soils.

The Bonifay and Lakeland soils are in positions similar

to those of the Troup soil. The Bonifay soils have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers and a significant

accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The Lakeland

soils are sandy throughout. The moderately well

drained Iuka soils are in narrow drainageways. The

Notcher and Maubila soils are in positions similar to

those of the Poarch soil and have a higher content of

clay in the subsoil. Also included are poorly drained

soils in narrow drainageways and soils that have

slopes of less than 5 percent or more than 8 percent.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the unit.

Individual areas generally are less than 10 acres in

size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are the available

water capacity, low fertility, and the hazard of erosion.

Gullies form readily in areas that are subject to

concentrated flow of water on the surface. Returning

crop residue to the soil helps to maintain tilth and

increases the available water capacity. Minimum

tillage, contour farming, and cover crops reduce the

runoff rate and help to control erosion. Leaving the

maximum amount of crop residue on the surface helps

to control soil blowing and conserves soil moisture. In

most years, irrigation can prevent damage to crops

and can increase productivity. Leaching of plant

nutrients is also a management concern. Most crops

respond well to applications of lime and to frequent,

light applications of fertilizer.
64 Soil Survey

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

low fertility and the available water capacity. Preparing

seedbeds on the contour or across the slope reduces

the hazard of erosion and increases the germination

rate. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during prolonged dry periods help to

keep the pasture in good condition. Leaching of plant

nutrients is also a management concern. Frequent,

light applications of nitrogen are necessary to maintain

the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. The Poarch soil has no significant

limitations affecting timber management, and the

Troup soil has moderate limitations. The main

management concerns are an equipment limitation,

seedling mortality, and plant competition. The sandy

texture of the Troup soil restricts the use of wheeled

equipment, especially when the soil is very dry.

Harvesting activities should be planned for seasons

when the soils are moist. The moderate seedling

mortality rate is caused by droughtiness. It can be

compensated for by increasing the number of trees

planted. Plant competition reduces timber yields

and can prevent adequate reforestation. The

competing vegetation can be controlled by

mechanical methods, herbicides, or prescribed

burning.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate and severe limitations affecting building

sites and local roads and streets and has severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the seasonal

high water table and restricted permeability in areas

of the Poarch soil. The sandy texture and

droughtiness of the Troup soil are also management

concerns. In areas of the Poarch soil, septic tank

absorption fields may not function properly during

rainy periods because of the restricted permeability

and the seasonal high water table. A subsurface

drainage system can help to lower the water table.

Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a

sufficient distance above the seasonal high water

table improves the performance of a septic system.

Vegetating cleared and graded areas as soon as

possible or constructing silt fences helps to

maintain soil stability and helps to keep soil on the

site. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape

plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight to severe limitations affecting most uses.

The main management concerns are the sandy texture

of the Troup soil and the slope.

The capability subclass is IVs in areas of the Troup

soil and IIIe in areas of the Poarch soil. The woodland

ordination symbol for slash pine is 11S in areas of the

Troup soil and 11A in areas of the Poarch soil. This

map unit is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine

ecological community.

57—Cowarts-Troup complex,

12 to 18 percent slopes

This map unit consists of the very deep, well

drained Cowarts soil and the somewhat excessively

drained Troup soil. It is on hillslopes in the central and

northern parts of the county. The soils occur as areas

so intricately intermingled that they could not be

mapped separately at the scale selected for mapping.

The Cowarts soil makes up about 45 percent of the

map unit, and the Troup soil makes up about 35

percent. Slopes generally are short and complex.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 10 to about 125 acres in size.

The Cowarts soil generally is on the upper and

middle parts of slopes. Typically, the surface layer is

dark grayish brown sandy loam about 4 inches thick.

The subsurface layer to a depth of 9 inches is strong

brown sandy loam. The subsoil extends to a depth of

40 inches. It is strong brown sandy clay loam in the

upper part and strong brown sandy loam that has

mottles in shades of red and gray in the lower part.

The substratum to a depth of 80 inches is strong

brown sandy loam that has thin strata of loamy sand.

Important properties of the Cowarts soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

The Troup soil generally is on the lower parts of

slopes and on narrow ridges. Typically, the surface

layer is dark grayish brown sand about 5 inches thick.

The subsurface layer extends to a depth of 58 inches.

It is yellowish brown sand in the upper part, strong

brown sand in the middle part, and yellowish red

loamy sand in the lower part. The subsoil to a depth of

80 inches is red sandy loam and sandy clay loam.

Important properties of the Troup soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet
Escambia County, Florida 65

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of Iuka,

Lucy, Maubila, Notcher, and Perdido soils. The

moderately well drained Iuka soils are on narrow flood

plains. The Lucy soils are in positions similar to those

of the Troup soil and have loamy subsoil layers within

a depth of 20 to 40 inches. The Maubila and Perdido

soils are in positions similar to those of the Cowarts

soil. The Maubila soils are clayey in the upper part of

the subsoil. The Perdido soils do not have thick, sandy

surface and subsurface layers and have reddish

colors in the subsoil. The Notcher soils are on narrow

ridges and have a significant accumulation of plinthite

in the subsoil. Also included are loamy soils that have

thin layers of ironstone within a depth of 40 inches and

areas of Cowarts and Troup soils that have slopes of

less than 12 percent or more than 18 percent.

Included soils make up about 20 percent of the unit.

Individual areas generally are less than 10 acres in

size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the moderately steep

slopes and a severe hazard of erosion. Additional

management concerns include the complex

topography, the droughtiness of the Troup soil, and the

presence of deep gullies.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

the slope, droughtiness, low fertility, and a severe

hazard of erosion. The use of equipment is restricted

by the sloping, complex topography and by the sandy

texture of the Troup soil. Seedbeds should be

prepared on the contour or across the slope where

practical. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during very wet or dry periods help

to keep the pasture in good condition.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is high.

Moderate limitations affect timber management. The

main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, an equipment limitation, seedling mortality,

and plant competition. Exposing the surface by

removing ground cover increases the hazard of

erosion, including rill and gully erosion. Installing

broad-based dips, water bars, and culverts helps to

stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and landings.

Reseeding disturbed areas with adapted grasses and

legumes helps to control erosion and the siltation of

streams. The slope and the sandy texture of the Troup

soil restrict the use of equipment. Using equipment

that has wide tires or crawler-type equipment improves

trafficability. The moderate seedling mortality rate in

areas of the Troup soil is caused by droughtiness. It

can be compensated for by increasing the number of

trees planted. Plant competition reduces timber yields

and can prevent adequate reforestation unless sites

receive intensive preparation and maintenance. Site

preparation practices, such as chopping, prescribed

burning, and applying herbicides, help to control plant

competition.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban and

recreational uses. It is generally not suitable as a site

for buildings because of the slope. Other limitations

include the moderately slow permeability of the

Cowarts soil and the sandy texture of the Troup soil.

The capability subclass is VIe in areas of the

Cowarts soil and VIIe in areas of the Troup soil. The

woodland ordination symbol for slash pine is 11R in

areas of the Cowarts soil and 10R in areas of the

Troup soil. This map unit is in the Mixed Hardwood

and Pine ecological community.

58—Eunola fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes, occasionally

flooded

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

gently sloping side slopes of low terraces that parallel

the Escambia and Perdido Rivers and other large

streams in the central and northern parts of the

county. Slopes generally are long and smooth.

Individual areas are generally long and narrow. They

range from 15 to about 50 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown fine sandy

loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a

depth of 10 inches is yellowish brown fine sandy loam.

The subsoil extends to a depth of 50 inches. It is

yellowish brown sandy loam in the upper part and

yellowish brown sandy clay loam that has grayish,

reddish, and brownish mottles in the lower part. The

substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is

yellowish brown loamy sand in the upper part and

yellowish brown sand in the lower part.

Important properties of the Eunola soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 11/2

to 21/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil and moderately

rapid to rapid in the substratum

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Fluvaquents and Garcon, Izagora, and Yemassee
66 Soil Survey

soils. The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in

swales and narrow drainageways. The somewhat

poorly drained Garcon and Yemassee soils are in

slightly lower, less convex positions than those of the

Eunola soil. The Izagora soils are in positions similar

to those of the Eunola soil and do not decrease in clay

content with depth. Also included are small areas of

Eunola soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or

more than 5 percent. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the occasional

flooding and a moderate hazard of erosion. In some

years, the planting of early-season crops may be

delayed and crops may be damaged because of the

flooding. Using a resource management system that

includes terraces and diversions, stripcropping,

contour tillage, no-till planting, and crop residue

management reduces the hazard of erosion, reduces

the runoff rate, and increases the infiltration of rainfall.

Most crops respond well to applications of lime and

fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. The

main management concern is the occasional flooding.

Coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well

adapted to the local conditions. Deferring or restricting

grazing during very wet periods helps to keep the

pasture in good condition. Applications of lime and

fertilizer improve fertility and promote the growth of

forage plants.

This map unit is well suited to loblolly pine, slash

pine, and hardwoods. The potential productivity is

high. Moderate limitations affect timber management.

The main management concerns are an equipment

limitation and plant competition. Using standard

wheeled and tracked equipment when the soil is wet

results in rutting and compaction. Using low-pressure

ground equipment minimizes the damage to the soil

and helps to maintain productivity. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the soil

is dry. Plant competition reduces timber yields and can

prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by site preparation or

prescribed burning.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses. It

has severe limitations affecting most uses. The main

management concerns are the flooding and wetness.

Buildings can be elevated above the expected level of

flooding by constructing them on pilings or mounds.

Septic tank absorption fields may not function properly

during the rainy season because of the moderately

slow permeability and the seasonal high water table.

Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a

sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table

improves the performance of a septic system.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

It has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concerns are wetness

and the flooding.

The capability subclass is IIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 12W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

59—Notcher fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

nearly level summits of broad ridges in the central and

northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are long

and smooth. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 15 to about 150 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface

layer to a depth of 12 inches is yellowish brown fine

sandy loam. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is brownish yellow sandy clay loam in the

upper part and brownish yellow gravelly sandy clay

loam that has mottles in shades of red, brown, and

gray in the lower part. The lower part of the subsoil

has nodules of ironstone and masses of plinthite.

Important properties of the Notcher soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 3 to

4 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Escambia, Grady, Malbis, Poarch, and

Robertsdale soils. The Bama soils are in slightly

higher, more convex positions than those of the

Notcher soil and have reddish colors throughout the

subsoil. The somewhat poorly drained Escambia and

Robertsdale soils are in slightly lower, more concave

positions than those of the Notcher soil. The poorly

drained Grady soils are in shallow depressions. The

Malbis and Poarch soils are in positions similar to

those of the Notcher soil. The Malbis soils have less

than 5 percent ironstone nodules in the subsoil. The

Poarch soils have less clay in the upper part of the

subsoil than the Notcher soil. Included soils make up

about 10 percent of the map unit. Individual areas

generally are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops

(fig. 5). It has few limitations affecting this use. Low
Escambia County, Florida 67

fertility, however, is a management concern. The

surface layer is friable and is easy to keep in good

tilth. It can be tilled over a wide range of moisture

content without becoming cloddy. Conservation

practices, such as growing cover crops, minimizing

tillage, and returning all crop residue to the soil or

regularly adding other organic matter, improve fertility

and help to maintain tilth and the content of organic

matter. Most crops respond well to systematic

applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Coastal

bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and clovers are well

adapted to the local conditions. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

Figure 5.—Soybeans in an area of Notcher fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. Most areas of this unit are used for cultivated

crops.
68 Soil Survey

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites and

local roads and streets and has severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are wetness and the

moderately slow permeability. A subsurface

drainage system can help to lower the water table.

Septic tank absorption fields do not function

properly during rainy periods because of the

wetness and the moderately slow permeability.

Enlarging the size of the absorption field helps to

overcome these limitations. Using suitable fill

material to raise the filter field a sufficient distance

above the seasonal high water table improves the

performance of a septic system.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has few limitations for most uses. The content

of small nodules of ironstone is a moderate limitation

in areas used for playgrounds.

The capability class is I. The woodland ordination

symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit is in the

Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological community.

60—Notcher fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

gently sloping shoulder slopes and side slopes of

broad ridges in the central and northern parts of the

county. Slopes generally are long and smooth.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 10 to about 160 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface

layer to a depth of 12 inches is yellowish brown fine

sandy loam. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is brownish yellow sandy clay loam in the

upper part and brownish yellow gravelly sandy clay

loam that has mottles in shades of red, brown, and

gray in the lower part. The subsoil has nodules of

ironstone and masses of plinthite.

Important properties of the Notcher soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 3 to

4 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Escambia, Malbis, Poarch, and Robertsdale

soils. The Bama soils are on the upper parts of slopes

and have reddish colors throughout the subsoil. The

somewhat poorly drained Escambia and Robertsdale

soils are in concave swales. The Malbis and Poarch

soils are in positions similar to those of the Notcher

soil. The Malbis soils have less than 5 percent

ironstone nodules in the subsoil. The Poarch soils

have a lower content of clay in the upper part of the

subsoil than the Notcher soil. Also included are small

areas of Notcher soils that have slopes of less than 2

percent or more than 5 percent. Included soils make

up about 10 percent of the map unit. Individual areas

generally are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concern is a moderate hazard of

erosion. Conservation tillage, terraces, contour

farming, and cover crops reduce the runoff rate and

help to control erosion. Minimizing tillage and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter help to improve and maintain tilth and

the content of organic matter. Crops respond well to

systematic applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Bahiagrass

and coastal bermudagrass are the most commonly

grown grasses. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged wet

or dry periods help to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer improve

fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites and local

roads and streets and has severe limitations affecting

most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are wetness and the

moderately slow permeability. A subsurface drainage

system can help to lower the water table. Septic tank

absorption fields do not function properly during rainy

periods because of the wetness and the moderately
Escambia County, Florida 69

slow permeability. Enlarging the size of the absorption

field helps to overcome these limitations. Using

suitable fill material to raise the filter field a sufficient

distance above the seasonal high water table

improves the performance of a septic system.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has few limitations for most uses. The slope

and the content of small nodules of ironstone are

moderate limitations in areas used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

61—Notcher fine sandy loam, 5 to 8

percent slopes

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

side slopes of ridges in the central and northern parts

of the county. Slopes generally are short and complex.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 5 to about 35 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface

layer to a depth of 12 inches is yellowish brown fine

sandy loam. The subsoil extends to a depth of 80

inches. It is brownish yellow sandy clay loam in the

upper part and brownish yellow gravelly sandy clay

loam that has mottles in shades of red, brown, and

gray in the lower part. Nodules of ironstone and

masses of plinthite are in the lower part of the subsoil.

Important properties of the Notcher soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 3 to

4 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Iuka, Perdido, and Poarch soils. The Bonifay

soils are on the lower parts of slopes and have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers. The Iuka soils

are in narrow drainageways and are subject to

flooding. The Perdido and Poarch soils are in positions

similar to those of the Notcher soil and have a lower

content of clay in the upper part of the subsoil. Also

included are small areas of Notcher soils that have

slopes of less than 5 percent or more than 8 percent.

Included soils make up about 15 percent of the map

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are a severe hazard of

erosion and the short, complex slopes. Using a

resource management system that includes contour

farming, conservation tillage, crop residue

management, stripcropping, and a sod-based rotation

reduces the hazard of erosion, helps to control surface

runoff, and maximizes infiltration of water. Installing

drop-inlet structures in grassed waterways helps to

prevent the formation of gullies. Crops respond well to

systematic applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and clovers are

well adapted to the local conditions. The main

management concern is a severe hazard of erosion.

The seedbed should be prepared on the contour or

across the slope where practical. Proper stocking

rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction, plant competition, and the

hazard of erosion are minor management concerns.

Harvesting during the drier periods helps to prevent

compaction. Carefully managed reforestation helps to

control competition from undesirable understory

plants. Site preparation practices, such as chopping,

prescribed burning, and applying herbicides, help to

control the initial plant competition and facilitate

mechanical planting. Installing broad-based dips,

water bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging

roads, skid trails, and landings. Reseeding all

disturbed areas with adapted grasses and legumes

reduces the hazard of erosion and the siltation of

streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate limitations affecting building sites and local

roads and streets and has severe limitations affecting

most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the slope, wetness, and

the moderately slow permeability. A subsurface

drainage system can help to lower the water table.

Septic tank absorption fields do not function properly

during rainy periods because of the wetness and the

moderately slow permeability. Enlarging the size of the

absorption field helps to overcome these limitations.

Absorption lines should be installed on the contour.

Preserving the existing plant cover during construction

helps to control erosion. Vegetating disturbed areas

and using erosion-control structures, such as

sediment fences and catch basins, help to keep soil

on the site.
70 Soil Survey

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight limitations affecting most uses. Slope is a

severe limitation in areas used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

62—Bama fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on nearly level

summits of broad ridges in the central and northern

parts of the county. Slopes are long and smooth.

Individual areas are irregular or oblong in shape. They

range from 5 to more than 60 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy

loam about 6 inches thick. The subsoil extends to a

depth of 80 inches. It is reddish yellow sandy clay

loam in the upper part, yellowish red sandy clay loam

in the middle part, and red sandy clay loam in the

lower part.

Important properties of the Bama soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are small areas of Emory,

Malbis, Notcher, and Red Bay soils. The moderately

well drained Emory soils are in shallow depressions

and are subject to ponding for short periods following

heavy rains. The moderately well drained Malbis and

Notcher soils are in slightly lower, less convex

positions than the Bama soil. They have a brownish

subsoil that has masses of plinthite. The Red Bay soils

are in positions similar to those of the Bama soil and

have a dark red subsoil. Included soils make up about

10 percent of the map unit. Individual areas are

generally less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. It

has few limitations affecting this use. Low fertility,

however, is a management concern. The surface layer

is friable and is easy to keep in good tilth. It can be

tilled over a wide range of moisture content without

becoming cloddy. Conservation practices, such as

growing cover crops, minimizing tillage, and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter, improve fertility and help to maintain

tilth and the content of organic matter. Most crops

respond well to systematic applications of lime and

fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has no significant limitations affecting these uses. Low

fertility, however, is a management concern.

Bahiagrass and coastal bermudagrass are the

commonly grown grasses. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations

affecting the production of timber. The potential

productivity is high. Soil compaction and plant

competition are minor management concerns.

Harvesting during the drier periods helps to prevent

compaction. Carefully managed reforestation helps

to control competition from undesirable understory

plants. Site preparation practices, such as

chopping, prescribed burning, and applying

herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is well suited to most urban uses. It

has no significant management concerns for most

uses. Mulching, applying fertilizer, and irrigating help

to establish lawn grasses and other small-seeded

plants.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has no significant management concerns for

most uses.

The capability class is I. The woodland ordination

symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit is in the

Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological community.

63—Bama fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on gently

sloping shoulder slopes and side slopes of broad

ridges in the central and northern parts of the county.

Slopes generally are long and smooth. Individual

areas are irregular in shape. They range from 5 to

about 50 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy

loam about 6 inches thick. The subsoil extends to a

depth of 80 inches. It is reddish yellow sandy clay

loam in the upper part, yellowish red sandy clay loam

in the middle part, and red sandy clay loam in the

lower part.

Important properties of the Bama soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: High
Escambia County, Florida 71

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Perdido, Lucy, and Red Bay soils. The Perdido soils

are on the upper parts of slopes and have less clay in

the upper part of the subsoil than the Bama soil. The

Lucy soils are on the upper parts of slopes or on

narrow ridges and have thick, sandy surface and

subsurface layers. The Red Bay soils are in positions

similar to those of the Bama soil and have dark red

colors throughout the subsoil. Included soils make up

about 15 percent of the unit. Individual areas generally

are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concern is a moderate hazard of

erosion. Gullies form readily in areas that are subject

to concentrated flow of water on the surface.

Conservation tillage, terraces, contour farming, and

cover crops reduce the runoff rate and help to control

erosion. Minimizing tillage and returning all crop

residue to the soil or regularly adding other organic

matter help to improve and maintain tilth and the

content of organic matter. Crops respond well to

systematic applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Bahiagrass

and coastal bermudagrass are the most commonly

grown grasses. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged wet

or dry periods help to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer improve

fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is well suited to most urban uses. It

has no significant limitations for most uses. Preserving

the existing plant cover during construction helps to

control erosion. Topsoil from disturbed areas should

be stockpiled and then replaced before landscaping.

Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating

help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has slight limitations affecting most uses.

Slope is a moderate limitation in areas used for

playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

64—Red Bay fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on nearly level

summits of broad ridges in the central and northern

parts of the county. Slopes are long and smooth.

Individual areas are irregular or oblong in shape. They

range from 20 to more than 220 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy

loam about 6 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a

depth of 12 inches is yellowish red sandy loam. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is dark red

sandy clay loam in the upper part and dark red sandy

loam in the lower part.

Important properties of the Red Bay soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are small areas of Bama,

Emory, Grady, Lucy, and Perdido soils. The Bama and

Perdido soils are in positions similar to those of the

Red Bay soil and do not have dark red colors

throughout the subsoil. The moderately well drained

Emory and poorly drained Grady soils are in shallow

depressions and are subject to ponding for brief to

very long periods following prolonged rainfall. The

Lucy soils are on small knolls and have thick, sandy

surface and subsurface layers. Included soils make up

about 10 percent of the map unit. Individual areas

generally are less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops

(fig. 6). It has few limitations affecting this use. Low

fertility, however, is a management concern. The

surface layer is friable and is easy to keep in good

tilth. It can be tilled over a wide range of moisture

content without becoming cloddy. Conservation

practices, such as growing cover crops, minimizing

tillage, and returning all crop residue to the soil or

regularly adding other organic matter, improve fertility

and help to maintain tilth and the content of organic

matter. Most crops respond well to systematic

applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has no significant limitations affecting these uses.

Low fertility, however, is a management concern.
72 Soil Survey

Bahiagrass and coastal bermudagrass are the

commonly grown grasses. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction and plant competition are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is well suited to most urban uses. It

Figure 6.—Soybeans in an area of Red Bay fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This soil is well suited to cultivated

crops, pasture, and hay. The woodland in the background is an area of Croatan muck, depressional.
Escambia County, Florida 73

has no significant management concerns for most

uses. Mulching, applying fertilizer, and irrigating help

to establish lawn grasses and other small-seeded

plants.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has no significant management concerns for

most uses.

The capability class is I. The woodland ordination

symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit is in the

Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological community.

65—Red Bay fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on gently

sloping shoulder slopes and side slopes of broad

ridges in the central and northern parts of the county.

Slopes generally are long and smooth. Individual

areas are irregular in shape. They range from 15 to

about 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy

loam about 6 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a

depth of 12 inches is yellowish red sandy loam. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is dark red

sandy clay loam in the upper part and dark red sandy

loam in the lower part.

Important properties of the Red Bay soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Perdido, and Lucy soils. The Bama and

Perdido soils are on the upper parts of slopes and do

not have dark red colors throughout the subsoil. The

Lucy soils are on the upper parts of slopes or on

narrow ridges and have thick, sandy surface and

subsurface layers. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the unit. Individual areas generally are less

than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is well suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concern is a moderate

hazard of erosion. Gullies form readily in areas that

are subject to concentrated flow of water on the

surface. Conservation tillage, terraces, contour

farming, and cover crops reduce the runoff rate and

help to control erosion. Minimizing tillage and

returning all crop residue to the soil or regularly

adding other organic matter help to improve and

maintain tilth and the content of organic matter.

Crops respond well to systematic applications of

lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay

(fig. 7). It has few limitations affecting these uses.

Bahiagrass and coastal bermudagrass are the most

commonly grown grasses. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations

affecting the production of timber. The potential

productivity is high. Soil compaction and plant

competition are minor management concerns.

Harvesting during the drier periods helps to prevent

compaction. Carefully managed reforestation helps

to control competition from undesirable understory

plants. Site preparation practices, such as

chopping, prescribed burning, and applying

herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

This map unit is well suited to most urban uses. It

has no significant limitations for most uses. Preserving

the existing plant cover during construction helps to

control erosion. Topsoil from disturbed areas should

be stockpiled and then replaced before landscaping.

Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and irrigating

help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is well suited to most recreational

uses. It has slight limitations affecting most uses.

Slope is a moderate limitation in areas used for

playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

66—Red Bay fine sandy loam, 5 to 8

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on moderately

sloping side slopes of broad ridges in the central and

northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are long

and smooth, but some are short and complex.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 15 to about 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy

loam about 6 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a

depth of 12 inches is yellowish red sandy loam. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is dark red

sandy clay loam in the upper part and dark red sandy

loam in the lower part.
74 Soil Survey

Important properties of the Red Bay soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Iuka, Perdido, and Lucy soils. The Bama and

Perdido soils are on the upper parts of slopes and do

not have dark red colors throughout the subsoil. The

moderately well drained Iuka soils are in narrow

drainageways that are subject to flooding. The Lucy

soils are on the upper parts of slopes or on narrow

ridges and have thick, sandy surface and subsurface

layers. Included soils make up about 15 percent of the

unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5 acres in

size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concern is a severe hazard of

erosion. Gullies form readily in areas that are subject

to concentrated flow of water on the surface. Using a

resource management system that includes terraces

and diversions, conservation tillage, stripcropping,

contour farming, crop residue management, and soil

conserving crops in rotation reduces the hazard of

erosion, helps to control surface runoff, and

maximizes infiltration of water. Crops respond well to

systematic applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. The

main management concern is a severe hazard of

erosion. Bahiagrass and coastal bermudagrass are

the most commonly grown grasses. Preparing

seedbeds on the contour or across the slope reduces

the hazard of erosion and increases the germination

rate. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during prolonged wet or dry periods

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

Applications of lime and fertilizer improve fertility and

increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

Figure 7.—An area of Red Bay fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, that supports a well-maintained pasture of coastal

bermudagrass.
Escambia County, Florida 75

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high. Soil compaction, plant competition, and the

hazard of erosion are minor management concerns.

Harvesting during the drier periods helps to prevent

compaction. Carefully managed reforestation helps to

control competition from undesirable understory

plants. Site preparation practices, such as chopping,

prescribed burning, and applying herbicides, help to

control the initial plant competition and facilitate

mechanical planting. Installing broad-based dips,

water bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging

roads, skid trails, and landings. Reseeding all

disturbed areas with adapted grasses and legumes

reduces the hazard of erosion and the siltation of

streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting most uses. Preserving the

existing plant cover during construction helps to

control erosion. Vegetating disturbed areas and using

erosion-control structures, such as sediment fences

and catch basins, help to keep soil on the site.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight limitations affecting most uses. The slope is

a severe limitation in areas used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIIe. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11A for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

67—Notcher-Maubila complex,

2 to 5 percent slopes

This map unit consists of the loamy, moderately

well drained Notcher soil and the clayey, moderately

well drained Maubila soil. It is on gently sloping

summits and side slopes of ridges in the central and

northern parts of the county. The soils occur as areas

so intricately intermingled that they could not be

mapped separately at the scale selected for mapping.

The Notcher soil makes up about 50 percent of the

map unit, and the Maubila soil makes up about 35

percent. Slopes generally are long and smooth.

Individual areas are irregular in shape. They range

from 5 to about 50 acres in size.

The Notcher soil generally is on knolls and shoulder

slopes. Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish

brown fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The

subsurface layer to a depth of 12 inches is yellowish

brown fine sandy loam. The subsoil extends to a depth

of 80 inches. It is brownish yellow sandy clay loam in

the upper part and brownish yellow gravelly sandy

clay loam that has mottles in shades of red, brown,

and gray in the lower part. The lower part of the

subsoil has nodules of ironstone and masses of

plinthite.

Important properties of the Notcher soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 3 to

4 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

The Maubila soil is generally on the middle and

lower parts of slopes. Typically, the surface layer is

very dark grayish brown gravelly fine sandy loam

about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth

of 9 inches is yellowish brown fine sandy loam. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is reddish

yellow and strong brown clay loam in the upper part

and mottled reddish, brownish, yellowish, and grayish

sandy clay loam in the lower part.

Important properties of the Maubila soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 2 to

31/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Bonifay, Cowarts, Perdido, and Poarch soils.

The somewhat poorly drained Albany soils are in

slightly depressional positions around heads of

drainages. The Bonifay soils are on the lower parts of

slopes and have thick, sandy surface and subsurface

layers. The Cowarts soils are in positions similar to

those of the Maubila soil, are loamy in the upper part

of the subsoil, and do not have a significant

accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The Perdido

and Poarch soils are in positions similar to those of the

Notcher soil and have less clay in the subsoil. Also

included are soils that have slopes of less than 2

percent or more than 5 percent. Included soils make

up about 15 percent of the map unit. Individual areas

generally are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concern is a moderate hazard of

erosion. Conservation tillage, terraces, contour

farming, and cover crops reduce the runoff rate and

help to control erosion. Minimizing tillage and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter help to improve and maintain tilth and

the content of organic matter. Crops respond well to

systematic applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. It

has few limitations affecting these uses. Bahiagrass

and coastal bermudagrass are the most commonly
76 Soil Survey

grown grasses. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation,

and restricted grazing during prolonged wet or dry

periods help to keep the pasture in good condition.

Applications of lime and fertilizer improve fertility and

increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high in areas of the Notcher soil and moderate in

areas of the Maubila soil. Soil compaction and plant

competition are minor management concerns.

Harvesting during the drier periods helps to prevent

compaction. Carefully managed reforestation helps to

control competition from undesirable understory

plants. Site preparation practices, such as chopping,

prescribed burning, and applying herbicides, help to

control the initial plant competition and facilitate

mechanical planting.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate and severe limitations affecting building

sites and local roads and streets and has severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are wetness, low

strength, and restricted permeability. A subsurface

drainage system can help to lower the water table.

Septic tank absorption fields do not function properly

during rainy periods because of the wetness and the

restricted permeability. Enlarging the size of the

absorption field helps to overcome these limitations.

Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a

sufficient distance above the seasonal high water

table improves the performance of a septic system.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight or moderate limitations affecting most uses.

The slope, restricted permeability, and the content of

small nodules of ironstone are moderate limitations in

areas used for playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIe in areas of the

Notcher soil and IIIe in areas of the Maubila soil. The

woodland ordination symbol for slash pine is 11A in

areas of the Notcher soil and 10C in areas of the

Maubila soil. This map unit is in the Mixed Hardwood

and Pine ecological community.

68—Notcher-Maubila complex,

5 to 8 percent slopes

This map unit consists of the loamy, moderately

well drained Notcher soil and the clayey, moderately

well drained Maubila soil. It is on moderately sloping

side slopes of ridges in the central and northern parts

of the county. The soils occur as areas so intricately

intermingled that they could not be mapped separately

at the scale selected for mapping. The Notcher soil

makes up about 50 percent of the map unit, and the

Maubila soil makes up about 35 percent. Slopes

generally are short and complex. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 5 to about 35

acres in size.

The Notcher soil is generally on shoulder slopes

and the upper parts of side slopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown fine sandy loam

about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth

of 12 inches is yellowish brown fine sandy loam. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is brownish

yellow sandy clay loam in the upper part and brownish

yellow gravelly sandy clay loam that has mottles in

shades of red, brown, and gray in the lower part. The

lower part of the subsoil has nodules of ironstone and

masses of plinthite.

Important properties of the Notcher soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 3 to

4 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

The Maubila soil is generally on the middle and

lower parts of side slopes. Typically, the surface layer

is very dark grayish brown gravelly fine sandy loam

about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth

of 9 inches is yellowish brown fine sandy loam. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is reddish

yellow and strong brown clay loam in the upper part

and mottled reddish, brownish, yellowish, and grayish

sandy clay loam in the lower part.

Important properties of the Maubila soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 2 to

31/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Bonifay, Cowarts, and Perdido soils. The

somewhat poorly drained Albany soils are in slightly

depressional positions around heads of drainages.

The Bonifay soils are on the lower parts of slopes and

have thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers. The

Cowarts soils are in positions similar to those of the

Maubila soil, are loamy in the upper part of the

subsoil, and do not have a significant accumulation of

plinthite in the subsoil. The Perdido soils are in

positions similar to those of the Notcher soil and have

less clay in the subsoil. Also included are soils that

have slopes of less than 5 percent or more than 8
Escambia County, Florida 77

percent. Included soils make up about 15 percent of

the map unit. Individual areas generally are less than

5 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main management concerns are a severe hazard

of erosion and the short, complex slopes. Using a

resource management system that includes contour

farming, conservation tillage, crop residue

management, stripcropping, and a sod-based rotation

reduces the hazard of erosion, helps to control surface

runoff, and maximizes infiltration of water. Installing

drop-inlet structures in grassed waterways helps to

prevent the formation of gullies. Crops respond well to

systematic applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay.

Coastal bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and clovers are

well adapted to the local conditions. The main

management concern is a severe hazard of erosion.

The seedbed should be prepared on the contour or

across the slope where practical. Proper stocking

rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged wet or dry periods help to keep the pasture

in good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is well suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. It has few limitations affecting

the production of timber. The potential productivity is

high in areas of the Notcher soil and moderate in

areas of the Maubila soil. Soil compaction, plant

competition, and the hazard of erosion are minor

management concerns. Harvesting during the drier

periods helps to prevent compaction. Carefully

managed reforestation helps to control competition

from undesirable understory plants. Site preparation

practices, such as chopping, prescribed burning, and

applying herbicides, help to control the initial plant

competition and facilitate mechanical planting.

Installing broad-based dips, water bars, and culverts

helps to stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and

landings. Reseeding all disturbed areas with adapted

grasses and legumes reduces the hazard of erosion

and the siltation of streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

moderate and severe limitations affecting building

sites and local roads and streets and has severe

limitations affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities.

The main management concerns are the slope, low

strength, wetness, and restricted permeability. A

subsurface drainage system can help to lower the

water table. Septic tank absorption fields do not

function properly during rainy periods because of the

wetness and the restricted permeability. Enlarging the

size of the absorption field helps to overcome these

limitations. Absorption lines should be installed on the

contour. Preserving the existing plant cover during

construction helps to control erosion. Vegetating

disturbed areas and using erosion-control structures,

such as sediment fences and catch basins, help to

keep soil on the site.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight to severe limitations affecting most uses.

Slope is a severe limitation in areas used for

playgrounds. Additional limitations include restricted

permeability and the small fragments of ironstone in

the surface and subsurface layers.

The capability subclass is IIIe in areas of the

Notcher soil and IVe in areas of the Maubila soil. The

woodland ordination symbol for slash pine is 11A in

areas of the Notcher soil and 10C in areas of the

Maubila soil. This map unit is in the Mixed Hardwood

and Pine ecological community.

69—Notcher-Maubila complex,

8 to 12 percent slopes

This map unit consists of the loamy, moderately

well drained Notcher soil and the clayey, moderately

well drained Maubila soil. It is on strongly sloping

hillslopes in the central and northern parts of the

county. The soils occur as areas so intricately

intermingled that they could not be mapped separately

at the scale selected for mapping. The Notcher soil

makes up about 45 percent of the map unit, and the

Maubila soil makes up about 35 percent. Slopes

generally are short and complex. Individual areas are

irregular in shape. They range from 10 to about 50

acres in size.

The Notcher soil generally is on shoulder slopes

and the upper parts of side slopes. Typically, the

surface layer is dark grayish brown fine sandy loam

about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth

of 12 inches is yellowish brown fine sandy loam. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is brownish

yellow sandy clay loam in the upper part and brownish

yellow gravelly sandy clay loam that has mottles in

shades of red, brown, and gray in the lower part. The

lower part of the subsoil has nodules of ironstone and

masses of plinthite.

Important properties of the Notcher soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 3 to

4 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

The Maubila soil generally is on the middle and

lower parts of side slopes. Typically, the surface layer
78 Soil Survey

is very dark grayish brown gravelly fine sandy loam

about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth

of 9 inches is yellowish brown fine sandy loam. The

subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is reddish

yellow and strong brown clay loam in the upper part

and mottled reddish, brownish, yellowish, and grayish

sandy clay loam in the lower part.

Important properties of the Maubila soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 2 to

31/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bonifay, Cowarts, Iuka, and Perdido soils. The Bonifay

soils are on toeslopes and have thick, sandy surface

and subsurface layers. The Cowarts and Perdido soils

are in positions similar to those of the Notcher soil and

have a lower content of clay in the upper part of the

subsoil than the Notcher and Maubila soils. Iuka soils

are in narrow drainageways and are subject to

flooding. Also included are small areas of poorly

drained soils in narrow drainageways and soils that

have slopes of less than 8 percent or more than 12

percent. Included soils make up about 20 percent of

the map unit. Individual areas generally are less than

5 acres in size.

This map unit is not suited to cultivated crops. The

complex topography and the slope are limitations

affecting the use of equipment. Erosion is a severe

hazard. If the soils are cultivated, all tillage should be

on the contour or across the slope.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

the slope and a severe hazard of erosion. In the

steeper areas, the slope can limit equipment use if hay

is harvested. Preparing seedbeds on the contour or

across the slope reduces the hazard of erosion and

increases the germination rate. Proper stocking rates,

pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during

prolonged dry periods help to keep the pasture in

good condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer

improve fertility and increase the production of forage.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly pine,

and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is high in

areas of the Notcher soil and moderate in areas of the

Maubila soil. Moderate limitations affect the production

of timber. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation, plant competition, and the hazard

of erosion. Constructing roads, fire lanes, and skid

trails on the contour helps to overcome the slope.

Carefully managed reforestation helps to control

competition from undesirable understory plants. Site

preparation practices, such as chopping, prescribed

burning, and applying herbicides, help to control the

initial plant competition and facilitate mechanical

planting. Installing broad-based dips, water bars, and

culverts helps to stabilize logging roads, skid trails,

and landings. Reseeding all disturbed areas with

adapted grasses and legumes reduces the hazard of

erosion and the siltation of streams.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban

uses. It has moderate and severe limitations

affecting building sites and local roads and streets

and has severe limitations affecting most kinds of

sanitary facilities. The main management concerns

are the slope, wetness, low strength, and restricted

permeability. Erosion is a severe hazard. If areas of

this map unit are used as building sites, only the

part of the site that is used for construction should

be disturbed. Access roads can be designed so that

surface runoff is controlled and cut slopes are

stabilized. Installing a subsurface drainage system

helps to intercept water from seeps and springs.

Septic tank absorption fields may not function

properly during rainy periods because of the

seasonal high water table and the restricted

permeability. Effluent from absorption areas may

surface in downslope areas and create a health

hazard. Increasing the size of septic tank

absorption fields and installing the distribution lines

on the contour improve the performance of the

fields. Vegetating cleared and graded areas as

soon as possible or constructing silt fences helps to

maintain soil stability and helps to keep soil on the

site.

This map unit is poorly suited to most recreational

uses. It has moderate or severe limitations affecting

most uses. The main management concerns are the

slope, restricted permeability, and fragments of

ironstone in the surface and subsurface layers.

The capability subclass is IVe in areas of the

Notcher soil and VIe in areas of the Maubila soil. The

woodland ordination symbol for slash pine is 11A in

areas of the Notcher soil and 10C in areas of the

Maubila soil. This map unit is in the Mixed Hardwood

and Pine ecological community.

70—Izagora fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally

flooded

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

low terraces that parallel large streams in the central

and northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are
Escambia County, Florida 79

long and smooth. Individual areas are generally oblong.

They range from 15 to about 400 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

and grayish brown fine sandy loam about 8 inches

thick. The subsurface layer to a depth of 10 inches is

light yellowish brown fine sandy loam. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is brownish yellow

loam in the upper part and mottled grayish, brownish,

and reddish clay loam in the lower part.

Important properties of the Izagora soil—

Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 2 to

3 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Slow

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Fluvaquents and Eunola, Garcon, Yemassee, and

Weston soils. The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are

in swales and narrow drainageways. The Eunola soils

are in positions similar to those of the Izagora soil and

have a sandy substratum. The somewhat poorly

drained Garcon and Yemassee soils are in slightly

lower, less convex positions that those of the Izagora

soil. The poorly drained Weston soils are in the slightly

lower, flat, or concave positions. Included soils make

up about 15 percent of the map unit. Individual areas

generally are less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are wetness and the

occasional flooding. The planting of early-season

crops may be delayed in some years because of

the flooding. The surface layer is friable and easy to

keep in good tilth. It can be worked over a wide

range of moisture content. Shallow ditches can help

to remove excess surface water. Minimizing tillage

and returning all crop residue to the soil or regularly

adding other organic matter improve fertility and

help to maintain tilth and the content of organic

matter. Most crops respond well to applications of

lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay.

Wetness and the occasional flooding are the main

management concerns. Coastal bermudagrass and

bahiagrass are well adapted to the local conditions.

Excess surface water can be removed by shallow

ditches. Deferring or restricting grazing during very

wet periods helps to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer improve

fertility and promote the growth of forage plants.

This map unit is well suited to loblolly pine, slash

pine, and hardwoods. The potential productivity is

high. Moderate limitations affect timber management.

The main management concerns are an equipment

limitation and plant competition. Using standard

wheeled and tracked equipment when the soil is wet

results in rutting and compaction. Using low-pressure

ground equipment minimizes the damage to the soil

and helps to maintain productivity. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the soil

is dry. Plant competition reduces timber yields and can

prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by site preparation or

prescribed burning.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

The main management concerns are the flooding and

wetness. Buildings can be elevated above the

expected level of flooding by constructing them on

pilings or mounds. Septic tank absorption fields may

not function properly during the rainy season because

of the slow permeability and the seasonal high water

table. Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field

a sufficient distance above the seasonal high water

table improves the performance of a septic system.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

It has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concerns are wetness

and the flooding.

The capability subclass is IIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

71—Iuka fine sandy loam,

frequently flooded

This very deep, moderately well drained soil is on

narrow flood plains in the northern and central parts of

the county. Slopes are long and smooth and range

from 0 to 2 percent. Individual areas are long and

narrow. They range from 5 to about 30 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown fine sandy loam about 9 inches thick. The

substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is dark

yellowish brown sandy loam in the upper part;

yellowish brown sandy loam that has mottles in

shades of red, brown and gray in the middle part; and

mottled grayish, brownish, and reddish sandy loam in

the lower part.

Important properties of the Iuka soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1 to

3 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods
80 Soil Survey

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Fluvaquents and Bigbee, Eunola, and Mantachie soils.

The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in swales

and sloughs. The Bigbee soils are on high parts of

natural levees and are sandy throughout. The Eunola

soils are on small knolls and have a higher content of

clay in the upper part of the subsoil than the Iuka soil.

The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in

slightly lower, less convex positions on the flood plain

than the Iuka soil. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas are generally

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The frequent flooding is the main management

concern. If cultivated crops are grown, a surface

drainage system and protection from flooding are

needed.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Grasses

that are toleratant of the wet conditions should be

selected. Bermudagrass and bahiagrass are suitable.

The frequent flooding is a management concern,

especially on newly seeded pasture.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and hardwoods. The potential productivity is

high, but moderate and severe limitations affect

timber management. The main management

concerns are an equipment limitation, seedling

mortality, and plant competition. The seasonal high

water table and the flooding restrict the use of

equipment to periods when the soil is dry. Using

standard wheeled and tracked equipment when the

soil is wet results in rutting and compaction. Using

low-pressure ground equipment minimizes the

damage to the soil and helps to maintain

productivity. The high seedling mortality rate is

caused by the flooding. It can be reduced by

planting on beds or compensated for by increasing

the number of trees planted. Plant competition

reduces timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation unless sites receive intensive

preparation and maintenance. Site preparation can

control the initial plant competition, and herbicides

can control subsequent growth.

This map unit is not suited to most urban uses. The

flooding and wetness are severe limitations affecting

most uses. Buildings can be elevated above the

expected level of flooding by constructing them on

pilings or on well-compacted fill.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

The flooding and wetness are limitations affecting

most uses.

The capability subclass is Vw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 13W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Bottomland Hardwoods ecological community.

72—Yemassee fine sandy loam,

0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

This very deep, somewhat poorly drained soil is on

low terraces that parallel major streams in the central

and northern parts of the county. Slopes generally are

long and smooth. Individual areas generally are

oblong. They range from 5 to about 25 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown fine sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The

subsurface layer to a depth of 12 inches is grayish

brown fine sandy loam. The subsoil extends to a depth

of 74 inches. It is olive yellow sandy clay loam that has

brownish and grayish mottles in the upper part, olive

yellow fine sandy loam and sandy clay loam having

brownish and grayish mottles in the middle part, and

light gray fine sandy loam that has brownish and

reddish mottles in the lower part. The substratum to a

depth of 80 inches is light gray sand.

Important properties of the Yemassee soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1 to

11/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Fluvaquents and Eunola, Garcon, Izagora, and

Weston soils. The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are

in swales and narrow drainageways. The moderately

well drained Eunola and Izagora soils are in slightly

higher, more convex positions than those of the

Yemassee soil. The Garcon soils are in positions

similar to those of the Yemassee soil and have thick,

sandy surface and subsurface layers. The poorly

drained Weston soils are in the slightly lower, flat or

concave positions. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are wetness and the

occasional flooding. The planting of early-season

crops may be delayed in some years because of the

flooding. The surface layer is friable and easy to keep

in good tilth. It can be worked over a wide range of

moisture content. Shallow ditches can help to remove

excess surface water. Minimizing tillage and returning

all crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other

organic matter improve fertility and help to maintain

tilth and the content of organic matter. Most crops

respond well to applications of lime and fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. The
Escambia County, Florida 81

main management concerns are wetness and the

occasional flooding. Coastal bermudagrass,

bahiagrass, and white clover are adapted to the local

conditions. Excess surface water can be removed by

shallow ditches. Deferring or restricting grazing during

very wet periods helps to keep the pasture in good

condition. Applications of lime and fertilizer improve

fertility and promote the growth of forage plants.

This map unit is well suited to loblolly pine, slash

pine, and hardwoods. The potential productivity is

high, but moderate and severe limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are an

equipment limitation and plant competition. Using

standard wheeled and tracked equipment when the

soil is wet results in rutting and compaction. Using

low-pressure ground equipment minimizes the

damage to the soil and helps to maintain productivity.

Harvesting activities should be planned for seasons

when the soil is dry. Plant competition reduces timber

yields and can prevent adequate reforestation. The

competing vegetation can be controlled by site

preparation or prescribed burning.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban uses.

The main management concerns are the flooding and

wetness. Buildings can be elevated above the

expected level of flooding by constructing them on

pilings or mounds. Septic tank absorption fields may

not function properly during the rainy season because

of the moderate permeability and the seasonal high

water table. Using suitable fill material to raise the filter

field a sufficient distance above the seasonal high

water table improves the performance of a septic

system.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

It has moderate or severe limitations affecting most

uses. The main management concerns are wetness

and the flooding.

The capability subclass is IIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

73—Grady loam, drained

This very deep, poorly drained soil is in shallow,

rounded depressions on summits of broad ridges in

the central and northern parts of the county. Areas of

this unit have been cleared and drained for agricultural

use. Slopes are long and smooth and range from 0 to

2 percent. Individual areas are generally circular or

oblong. They range from 2 to about 20 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer

to a depth of 11 inches is dark grayish brown clay

loam that has reddish brown mottles. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is dark gray clay

that has brownish mottles in the upper part, grayish

brown clay that has brownish mottles in the middle

part, and light brownish gray and light gray clay that

has brownish and reddish mottles in the lower part.

Important properties of the Grady soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1 to

2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Slow

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Escambia soils in the slightly

higher positions near the upper edge of depressions.

Also included are small areas of poorly drained and

very poorly drained, loamy soils in positions similar to

those of the Grady soil and areas of Grady soils that

are subject to ponding. Included soils make up about

10 percent of the map unit. Individual areas are

generally less than 3 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops in areas

that have a functional, well maintained drainage

system. In most years, planting and tilling are delayed

because of wetness. Restricting tillage to periods

when the soil is dry minimizes clodding and crusting.

Applying lime and fertilizer on the basis of soil testing

increases the availability of plant nutrients and

maximizes productivity.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay in areas

that have a functional, well maintained drainage

system. Growing plants that are adapted to wet

conditions helps to ensure the production of high

quality forage. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation,

timely deferment of grazing, and restricted use during

wet periods minimize compaction, maintain

productivity, and help to keep the pasture in good

condition.

This map unit is suited to slash pine and loblolly

pine. It has moderate and severe limitations affecting

timber management. The potential productivity is high

in areas that have a functional, well maintained

drainage system. The main management concerns

are an equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and

plant competition. Harvesting activities should be

planned for seasons when the soil is dry. Using

standard wheeled and tracked equipment when the

soil is wet results in rutting and compaction. Using

low-pressure ground equipment minimizes the

damage to the soil and helps to maintain productivity.

Planting seedlings on raised beds helps to establish

the seedlings and increases the seedling survival rate.

Plant competition reduces timber yields and can
82 Soil Survey

prevent adequate reforestation. The competing

vegetation can be controlled by site preparation,

herbicides, or prescribed burning. Applications of

fertilizer can increase yields.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses in areas

that have a functional, well maintained drainage

system. Wetness and restricted permeability are

limitations affecting building sites, local roads and

streets, and most kinds of sanitary facilities. Because

of the seasonal high water table during winter and

spring, a drainage system is needed for buildings. A

deep drainage system can help to lower the water

table. Constructing roads on raised, well-compacted

fill material helps to overcome the wetness. Septic

tank absorption fields do not function properly during

rainy periods because of the wetness and slow

permeability. Constructing the absorption field on a

raised bed helps to compensate for these limitations.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

Wetness and restricted permeability are the main

management concerns.

The capability subclass is IVw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Cypress Swamp ecological community.

74—Lucy loamy sand, 5 to 8

percent slopes

This very deep, well drained soil is on moderately

sloping shoulder slopes and side slopes of ridges in

the central and northern parts of the county. Slopes

generally are long and smooth, but some are short

and complex. Individual areas are irregular in shape.

They range from 15 to about 80 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand

about 6 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a depth

of 26 inches is brown loamy sand. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is red sandy loam in

the upper part, red sandy clay loam in the middle part,

and red sandy loam in the lower part.

Important properties of the Lucy soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: Low

Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface

layers and moderate in the subsoil

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Perdido, Red Bay, and Troup soils. The Perdido and

Red Bay soils are on narrow ridges or high knolls and

do not have thick, sandy surface and subsurface

layers. The Troup soils are in positions similar to those

of the Lucy soil and do not have a loamy subsoil within

a depth of 40 inches. Also included are small areas of

Lucy soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent or

more than 8 percent. Included soils make up about 15

percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally are

less than 5 acres in size.

This map unit is suited to cultivated crops. The

main management concerns are the low available

water capacity, the hazard of erosion, and soil

blowing. Gullies form readily in areas that are subject

to concentrated flow of water on the surface.

Returning crop residue to the soil helps to maintain

tilth and increases the available water capacity.

Minimum tillage, contour farming, and cover crops

reduce the runoff rate and help to control erosion.

Leaving the maximum amount of crop residue on the

surface helps to control soil blowing and conserves

soil moisture. In most years, irrigation can prevent

damage to crops and can increase productivity.

Leaching of plant nutrients is also a management

concern. Most crops respond well to applications of

lime and to frequent, light applications of fertilizer.

This map unit is suited to pasture and hay. Coastal

bermudagrass and bahiagrass are well adapted to the

local conditions. The main management concerns are

the low available water capacity and the hazard of

erosion. Preparing seedbeds on the contour or across

the slope reduces the hazard of erosion and increases

the germination rate. Proper stocking rates, pasture

rotation, and restricted grazing during prolonged dry

periods help to keep the pasture in good condition.

Leaching of plant nutrients is also a management

concern. Frequent, light applications of nitrogen are

necessary to maintain the productivity of grasses.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and longleaf pine. The potential productivity is

moderately high. Moderate limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are

an equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and

plant competition. The sandy texture of the surface

layer restricts the use of wheeled equipment,

especially when the soil is very dry. Harvesting

activities should be planned for seasons when the

soil is moist. The moderate seedling mortality rate

is caused by droughtiness. It can be compensated

for by increasing the number of trees planted. Plant

competition reduces timber yields and can prevent

adequate reforestation. The competing vegetation

can be controlled by mechanical methods,

herbicides, or prescribed burning. Installing broadbased dips, water bars, and culverts helps to

stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and landings.

Reseeding all disturbed areas with adapted grasses
Escambia County, Florida 83

and legumes reduces the hazard of erosion and the

siltation of streams.

This map unit is suited to most urban uses. It has

slight limitations affecting building sites and local roads

and streets and has slight to severe limitations

affecting most kinds of sanitary facilities. The main

management concerns are the sandy texture,

seepage, and droughtiness. If this unit is used as a

site for a septic tank absorption field, effluent can

surface in downslope areas and create a health

hazard. Increasing the length of the absorption lines

and installing the lines on the contour help to reduce

this hazard. Vegetating cleared and graded areas as

soon as possible or constructing silt fences helps to

maintain soil stability and helps to keep soil on the

site. Applying lime and fertilizer, mulching, and

irrigating help to establish lawns and landscape plants.

This map unit is suited to most recreational uses. It

has slight limitations affecting most uses. Slope is a

moderate or severe limitation in areas used for

playgrounds.

The capability subclass is IIIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11S for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.

75—Weston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This very deep, poorly drained soil is in flat or

slightly depressional positions on stream terraces and

uplands in the northern and central parts of the county.

Slopes are long and smooth. Individual areas are long

and narrow or oblong. They range from 3 to about 80

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown

fine sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The subsoil

extends to a depth of 68 inches. It is grayish brown

fine sandy loam that has reddish mottles in the upper

part and gray fine sandy loam and sandy loam having

reddish and brownish mottles in the lower part. The

substratum to a depth of 80 inches is mottled grayish,

yellowish, reddish, and brownish sandy loam.

Important properties of the Weston soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at the surface to

a depth of 1/2 foot from December through April

Available water capacity: Moderate

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Izagora, Pelham, and Yemassee soils. The moderately

well drained Izagora and somewhat poorly drained

Yemassee soils are in slightly higher, more convex

positions than those of the Weston soil. The Pelham

soils are in positions similar to those of the Weston

soil and have thick, sandy surface and subsurface

layers. Included soils make up about 15 percent of the

map unit. Individual areas generally are less than 5

acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Wetness is the main limitation. Installing a drainage

system that includes open ditches, perforated tile, or

land shaping improves productivity. Delaying spring

planting minimizes the clodding and rutting that occurs

if equipment is used when the soil is wet. Applying

lime and fertilizer on the basis of soil testing increases

the availability of plant nutrients and maximizes

productivity.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay.

Wetness is the main limitation. Grasses that are

tolerant of wet conditions should be selected. Shallow

ditches can help to remove excess water from the

surface. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and

restricted grazing during wet periods help to keep the

pasture in good condition. Applications of fertilizer and

lime are needed for the maximum production of

forage.

This map unit is suited to slash pine, loblolly

pine, and hardwoods. The potential productivity is

high, but severe limitations affect timber

management. The main management concerns are

an equipment limitation, seedling mortality, and

plant competition. Harvesting activities should be

planned for seasons when the soil is dry. Using

standard wheeled and tracked equipment when the

soil is wet results in rutting and compaction. Using

low-pressure ground equipment minimizes rutting

and the damage caused to tree roots by

compaction. Planting seedlings on raised beds

helps to establish the seedlings and increases the

seedling survival rate. Plant competition reduces

timber yields and can prevent adequate

reforestation. The competing vegetation can be

controlled by site preparation, herbicides, or

prescribed burning. Applications of fertilizer can

increase yields.

This map unit is poorly suited to most urban

uses. Wetness is a severe limitation affecting

building sites, local roads and streets, and most

kinds of sanitary facilities. Because of the seasonal

high water table during winter and spring, a

drainage system is needed for buildings. A deep

drainage system can help to lower the water table.

Constructing roads on raised, well-compacted fill

material helps to overcome the wetness. Septic
84 Soil Survey

tank absorption fields do not function properly during

rainy periods because of the wetness. Constructing

the absorption field on a raised bed helps to

compensate for this limitation.

This map unit is poorly suited to recreational uses.

Wetness is the main limitation.

The capability subclass is IVw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map

unit is in the Swamp Hardwoods ecological

community.

76—Mantachie-Fluvaquents-Bigbee

complex, frequently flooded

This map unit consists of the very deep,

somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soil, the very

poorly drained Fluvaquents, and the excessively

drained Bigbee soil. It is on flood plains along the

Escambia River and other major streams. These

soils are subject to flooding by fast-flowing water for

brief periods several times each year. These soils

occur as areas so intricately intermingled that it was

not possible to separate them at the scale selected

for mapping. The Mantachie soil make up about 50

percent of the map unit, the Fluvaquents make up

about 20 percent, and the Bigbee soil makes up

about 15 percent. Slopes are short and smooth and

range from 0 to 5 percent. Individual areas are long

and narrow. They range from 150 to more than 500

hundred acres in size.

The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soil is in

flat to slightly concave areas, generally in low to

intermediate positions on low ridges. Typically, the

surface layer is dark brown loam about 6 inches thick.

The subsoil extends to a depth of 55 inches. It is

brown loam in the upper part, grayish brown clay loam

that has mottles in shades of brown and gray in the

middle part, and mottled grayish, brownish, and

reddish sandy clay loam in the lower part. The

substratum to a depth of 80 inches is gray loam that

has brownish and reddish mottles.

Important properties of the Mantachie soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1 to

11/2 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods

The Fluvaquents are in swales, sloughs, and other

depressional areas at the lowest elevations on the

flood plain. Fluvaquents generally are very poorly

drained but may vary significantly in color, texture, and

content of organic matter.

Important properties of the Fluvaquents—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 1 foot above

the surface to a depth of 1/2 foot from December

through July

Available water capacity: Variable

Permeability: Variable

Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods

Duration of ponding: Long or very long

The excessively drained Bigbee soil generally is in

high, convex positions on low ridges and on high parts

of natural levees. Typically, the surface layer is dark

grayish brown fine sand about 7 inches thick. The

substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches. It is

yellowish brown fine sand in the upper part, light

yellowish brown fine sand in the middle part, and white

and light gray fine sand that has brownish and grayish

mottles in the lower part.

Important properties of the Bigbee soil—

Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 31/2

to 6 feet from December through April

Available water capacity: Very low

Permeability: Rapid

Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Albany, Dorovan, Izagora, and Weston soils. The

Albany, Izagora, and Weston soils are on small knolls

or remnants of low terraces. The somewhat poorly

drained Albany soils have thick, sandy surface and

subsurface layers. The moderately well drained

Izagora and poorly drained Weston soils have a loamy

subsoil. The Dorovan soils are in positions similar to

those of the Fluvaquents and have thick organic

layers in the upper part. Included soils make up about

15 percent of the map unit. Individual areas generally

are less than 10 acres in size.

This map unit is poorly suited to most cultivated

crops. The frequent flooding and the wetness in the

Mantachie soils and Fluvaquents are the main

management concerns. If cultivated crops are grown,

a surface drainage system and protection from

flooding are needed.

This map unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay

because of the frequent flooding and the wetness. If

areas are used for pasture or hay, grasses that are

tolerant of the wet conditions should be selected.

Common bermudagrass and bahiagrass are suitable.

Shallow ditches can help to remove excess water from

the surface.

The Mantachie and Bigbee soils are suited to

loblolly pine and slash pine. The potential productivity

is high for slash and loblolly pine in areas of the

Mantachie soil and moderate in areas of the Bigbee
Escambia County, Florida 85

soil. The Fluvaquents are not suited to pine trees

because of ponding. This map unit has severe

limitations affecting timber management. The main

management concerns in areas of the Mantachie and

Bigbee soils are an equipment limitation, seedling

mortality, and plant competition. In areas of the

Mantachie soils and Fluvaquents, the seasonal high

water table and the flooding restrict the use of

equipment to periods when the soils are dry. Using

standard wheeled and tracked equipment when the

soils are wet results in rutting and compaction. Using

low-pressure ground equipment minimizes the

damage to the soils and helps to maintain productivity.

The high seedling mortality rate is caused by

excessive wetness in areas of the Mantachie soil and

Fluvaquents and by droughtiness in areas of the

Bigbee soil. The high seedling mortality rate can be

reduced by planting on beds or compensated for by

increasing the number of trees planted. Plant

competition reduces timber yields and can prevent

adequate reforestation unless sites receive intensive

preparation and maintenance. Site preparation can

control the initial plant competition, and herbicides can

control subsequent growth.

This map unit is not suited to most urban uses or

recreational uses. The flooding and wetness are

severe limitations affecting most uses. Buildings can

be elevated above the expected level of flooding by

constructing them on pilings or on well-compacted fill.

The capability subclass is Vw in areas of the

Mantachie and Bigbee soils and VIIw in areas of the

Fluvaquents. The woodland ordination symbol for

slash pine is 13W in areas of the Mantachie soil and

11S in areas of the Bigbee soil. The Fluvaquents have

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol. This

map unit is in the Bottomland Hardwoods ecological

community.

77—Arents-Water complex,

undulating

This map unit consists of the very deep Arents

and areas of water. It is in areas that have been

mined for sand and gravel and have not been

reclaimed. Most areas are in the northeastern part

of the county, mainly on stream terraces near the

confluence of the Escambia River and Big

Escambia Creek. The areas generally consist of

parallel ridges or piles of sandy and loamy material

that have a high content of gravel and small pits

that are filled with water. The areas are so

intricately intermingled that they could not be

mapped separately at the scale selected for

mapping. The Arents make up about 65 percent of

the map unit, and the areas of water make up about

25 percent. Slopes are short and complex. They

range from 5 to 15 percent. Individual areas are

rectangular in shape. They range from about 10 to

250 acres in size.

Arents do not have an orderly sequence of soil

layers. They vary significantly within a short distance,

and they may be sandy, loamy, or stratified with

various textures. The content of coarse fragments,

mainly rounded quartzite pebbles, is also highly

variable, ranging from 15 percent to more than 60

percent, by volume. Fragments of the subsurface

layer and subsoil of the natural soil are throughout

most pedons.

Important properties of the Arents—

Seasonal high water table: Variable

Available water capacity: Variable

Permeability: Variable

Flooding: None

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

unaltered soils, mostly Albany, Eunola, Izagora, and

Yemassee soils. They are generally on the edges of

the mapped areas. Also included are small areas of

Arents that have slopes of more than 15 percent.

Inclusions make up about 10 percent of the map unit.

Individual areas are generally less than 1 acre in size.

Most areas of this map unit are idle and have

reverted to poor-quality woodland. Slash pine, loblolly

pine, longleaf pine, sweetgum, yellow-poplar, and

water oak are the common trees.

This map unit generally is not suited to

agricultural and urban uses and is poorly suited to

woodland. The irregular topography intermingled

with small areas of water and the variability of the

soils are limitations affecting most uses. Additional

limitations include low fertility, droughtiness, and a

high content of coarse fragments. Onsite

investigation and testing are needed to determine

the suitability of areas of this unit.

The capability subclass is VIIs. This map unit has

not been assigned a woodland ordination symbol or

an ecological community.

78—Emory fine sandy loam,

ponded

This very deep, well drained soil is in shallow

depressions on nearly level summits in the uplands in

the northern part of the county. This soil receives

runoff from higher positions and is subject to ponding

for a few days following intense rain. Slopes are long,
86

smooth, and slightly concave. They are 0 to 1 percent.

Individual areas are oblong to circular. They range

from 5 to about 95 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy

loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil extends to a

depth of 80 inches. It is dusky red sandy clay loam in

the upper part and dark red sandy clay loam in the

lower part.

Important properties of the Emory soil—

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than 6

feet

Available water capacity: High

Permeability: Moderate

Flooding: None

Duration of ponding: 2 to 7 days following periods of

heavy rain

Included in mapping are a few small areas of

Bama, Perdido, and Red Bay soils. They are

commonly in convex positions on the upper edges of

the mapped areas and are not subject to ponding. The

Bama and Perdido soils do not have dark red colors

throughout the subsoil. The Red Bay soils are not

subject to ponding. Also included are small areas of

soils that are similar to the Emory soil but have a dark

colored surface layer that is more than 10 inches

thick. Included soils make up less than 10 percent of

mapped areas. Individual areas commonly are less

than 2 acres in size.

This map unit is moderately well suited to cultivated

crops. The main management concern is ponding. In

most years, planting and tilling are delayed and crops

may be damaged because of ponding. Field ditches

and vegetated outlets are needed to remove the

excess surface water. Land grading and smoothing

can also help to remove the excess water. Minimizing

tillage and returning all crop residue to the soil or

regularly adding other organic matter improve fertility

and help to maintain tilth and the content of organic

matter. Crops respond well to applications of lime and

fertilizer.

This map unit is well suited to pasture and hay. The

ponding is a moderate limitation. Bahiagrass and

coastal bermudagrass grow well if properly managed.

The excess water on the surface can be removed by a

system of shallow ditches. Deferred grazing during

wet periods helps to prevent soil compaction and

helps to keep the pasture and soil in good condition.

Applications of lime and fertilizer help to overcome the

low fertility and promote the growth of forage plants.

This map unit is well suited to woodland. The

potential productivity is high for loblolly pine, slash

pine, and longleaf pine. Soil compaction and plant

competition are minor management concerns.

Harvesting during the drier periods helps to prevent

compaction. Site preparation practices, such as

chopping, prescribed burning, and applying

herbicides, help to control the initial plant competition

and facilitate mechanical planting. Prescribed burning

in established stands can help to control the

competing vegetation and maintain ease of access.

This map unit has severe limitations affecting septic

tank absorption fields, dwellings, small commercial

buildings, sanitary landfills, and sewage lagoons. The

main limitation is ponding. Land grading and shaping

and installing a system of shallow ditches help to

remove excess surface water. Septic tank absorption

fields may not function during rainy periods because of

the ponding. Installing a drainage system and diverting

water away from the absorption field help to overcome

this limitation.

This map unit has severe limitations affecting camp

areas and playgrounds. The main limitation is ponding.

Land grading and shaping and installing a system of

shallow ditches help to remove excess surface water.

The capability subclass is IIw. The woodland

ordination symbol is 11W for slash pine. This map unit

is in the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community.
87

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations

of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where wetness or very firm soil

layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Hydric Soils

In this section, hydric soils are defined and

described and the hydric soils in the survey area

are listed.

The three essential characteristics of wetlands are

hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland

hydrology (Cowardin and others, 1979; Environmental

Laboratory, 1987; National Research Council, 1995;

Tiner, 1985). Criteria for each of the characteristics

must be met for areas to be identified as wetlands.

Undrained hydric soils that have natural vegetation

should support a dominant population of wetland plant

species. Hydric soils that have been converted to

other uses should be capable of being restored to

wetlands.

Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical

Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) as soils that

formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or

ponding long enough during the growing season to

develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part

(Federal Register, 1994). These soils are either

saturated or inundated long enough during the

growing season to support the growth and

reproduction of hydrophytic vegetation.

The NTCHS definition identifies general soil

properties that are associated with wetness. In order

to determine whether a specific soil is a hydric soil or

nonhydric soil, however, more specific information,

such as information about the depth and duration of

the water table, is needed. Thus, criteria that identify

those estimated soil properties unique to hydric soils

have been established (Federal Register, 1995).

These criteria are used to identify a phase of a soil

series that normally is associated with wetlands. The

criteria used are selected estimated soil properties

that are described in “Soil Taxonomy” (USDA–SCS,

1975) and “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff,

1996) and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey

Division Staff, 1993).

If soils are wet enough for a long enough period to

be considered hydric, they should exhibit certain

properties that can be easily observed in the field.

These visible properties are indicators of hydric soils.

The indicators used to make onsite determinations of

hydric soils in this survey area are specified in “Field

Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States”

(USDA–NRCS, n.d.)

Hydric soils are identified by examining and

describing the soil to a depth of about 20 inches. This

Use and Management of the Soils
88 Soil Survey

depth may be greater if determination of an

appropriate indicator so requires. It is always

recommended that soils be excavated and described

to the depth necessary for an understanding of the

redoximorphic processes. Then, using the completed

soil descriptions, soil scientists can compare the soil

features required by each indicator and specify which

indicators have been matched with the conditions

observed in the soil. The soil can be identified as a

hydric soil if at least one of the approved indicators is

present.

The following map units meet the definition of hydric

soils and, in addition, have at least one of the hydric

soil indicators. This list can help in planning land uses;

however, onsite investigation is recommended to

determine the hydric soils on a specific site (National

Research Council, 1995; USDA–NRCS, Field

indicators).

 2 Duckston sand, frequently flooded

 4 Pickney sand

 5 Croatan and Pickney soils, depressional

 6 Dirego muck, tidal

10 Beaches

12 Croatan muck, depressional

28 Grady loam

49 Dorovan muck and Fluvaquents, frequently

flooded

51 Pelham loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes

73 Grady loam, drained

75 Weston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map units that are made up of hydric soils may

have small areas, or inclusions, of nonhydric soils

in the higher positions on the landform, and map

units made up of nonhydric soils may have

inclusions of hydric soils in the lower positions on

the landform.

The following map units have one or more named

components that do not meet the definition of hydric

soils. A part of these map units, however, does include

hydric soils. Onsite investigation is recommended to

determine whether hydric soils occur and the location

of the hydric soils.

 3 Duckston part; Corolla-Duckston sands, gently

undulating, flooded

14 Allanton part; Allanton-Pottsburg complex

48 Pelham part; Pelham-Yemassee complex,

occasionally flooded

50 Fluvaquents part; Bigbee-Garcon-Fluvaquents

complex, flooded

76 Fluvaquents part; Mantachie-FluvaquentsBigbee complex, frequently flooded

Ecological Communities

John F. Vance, Jr., biologist, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, helped prepare this section.

The ecological community concept is based on the

knowledge that a soil type commonly supports a

specific vegetative community, which in turn provides

the habitat needed by specific wildlife species.

These vegetative communities form recognizable

units on the landscape, most of which are apparent to

the casual observer after only a little training. Even

without prior botanical training, an observer can

quickly learn to distinguish between pine flatwoods

and pine-turkey oak sandhills, between hardwood

hammocks and cypress swamps, and between

mangrove swamps and salt marsh. Once a community

is recognized, information can be found concerning

the general characteristics of the soil on which it

occurs and the types of plants and animals it supports.

Although some plants are found only within a very

narrow range of habitat conditions, many plants thrive

throughout a wide range of conditions. Individual

plants that have a wide tolerance can occur in many

different communities and on a variety of soils. When

describing ecological communities, plant scientists

study the patterns in which vegetation occurs. They

study what species occur, the relative abundance of

each species, the stage of plant succession, the

dominance of species, the position of species on the

landscape, and the soil or soils on which the patterns

occur. Recognizable patterns of vegetation are usually

found in a small group of soil types that have common

characteristics. During many years of field observation

while conducting soil surveys, the Natural Resources

Conservation Service determined which vegetative

communities commonly occur on which soils

throughout Florida. This information is summarized in

a booklet named “26 Ecological Communities of

Florida” (USDA–SCS, 1985a).

In the following paragraphs, the vegetative

community occurring on the individual map unit during

the climax state of plant succession is described. The

plant community described is based on relatively

natural conditions. Human activities, such as

commercial production of pine, agriculture,

urbanization, and fire suppression, can alter the

community on a specific site.

North Florida Coastal Strand

The North Florida Coastal Strand ecological

community has an overstory of cabbage palm, sand

pine, and sand live oak. Common shrubs include

marshelder, saw palmetto, Spanish bayonet, yaupon,
Escambia County, Florida 89

and redbay. Common herbaceous plants and vines

include blanket flower, rosemary, fiddleleaf, morning

glory, large leaf pennywort, seapurslane, greenbrier,

and wild grape. Common grasses include bitter

panicum, Gulf bluestem, marshhay cordgrass,

sandbur, seaoats, seashore paspalum, seashore

panicum, low panicum, and seashore saltgrass. The

map units that support the North Florida Coastal

Strand ecological community in Escambia County

include:

3 Corolla part of Corolla-Duckston sands, gently

undulating, flooded

8 Newhan-Corolla complex, rolling, rarely flooded

Sand Pine Scrub

The Sand Pine Scrub ecological community

commonly has an overstory of bluejack oak, turkey

oak, Chapman oak, myrtle oak, sand live oak, running

oak, and sand pine. Common shrubs include dwarf

huckleberry, gopher apple, pricklypear cactus, and

saw palmetto. Common herbaceous plants and vines

include rosemary, grassleaf goldaster, raindeer moss,

and greenbrier. Common grasses are yellow

Indiangrass, wiregrass, and low panicum. The map

units that support the Sand Pine Scrub ecological

community in Escambia County include:

 7 Kureb sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes

15 Resota sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

17 Kureb sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes

Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills

The Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills ecological

community commonly has an overstory of longleaf

pine, turkey oak, live oak, bluejack oak, and sand post

oak. Common shrubs include Adam’s needle, coontie,

coral bean, shining sumac, and yaupon. Common

herbaceous plants include pricklypear cactus,

partridge pea, brackenfern, blazingstar, elephantsfoot,

and grassleaf goldaster. The most common grasses

include wiregrass, yellow Indiangrass, and dropseed.

The map units that support the Longleaf Pine-Turkey

Oak Hills ecological community in Escambia County

include:

13 Lakeland sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

19 Foxworth sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

20 Lakeland sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes

21 Lakeland sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes

32 Troup sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

33 Troup sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes

34 Troup sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes

38 Bonifay loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

39 Bonifay loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes

Mixed Hardwood and Pine

The Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community commonly has an overstory of eastern

hophornbeam, flowering dogwood, hawthorns,

longleaf pine, loblolly pine, slash pine, mockernut

hickory, pignut hickory, post oak, southern red oak,

southern magnolia, sweetgum, white oak, laurel oak,

and water oak. Common shrubs include shining

sumac, sparkleberry, yaupon, gallberry, and saw

palmetto. The common grasses are broomsedge

bluestem, longleaf uniola, low panicum, wiregrass,

and spike uniola. Other common herbaceous plants

and vines include aster, common ragweed,

partridgeberry, partridge pea, poison ivy, violet,

Virginia creeper, and wild grape. The map units that

support the Mixed Hardwood and Pine ecological

community in Escambia County include:

11 Hurricane sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

24 Poarch sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

25 Poarch sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

26 Poarch sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes

27 Escambia fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

29 Perdido sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

30 Perdido sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

31 Perdido sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes

35 Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes

36 Lucy loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes

40 Eunola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

41 Malbis sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

42 Malbis sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

43 Albany sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

45 Troup and Perdido soils, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, severely eroded

47 Hurricane and Albany soils, 0 to 5 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

48 Pelham-Yemassee complex, occasionally

flooded

52 Robertsdale sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

54 Troup-Poarch complex, 8 to 12 percent slopes

55 Troup-Poarch complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes

56 Troup-Poarch complex, 5 to 8 percent slopes

57 Cowarts-Troup complex, 12 to 18 percent

slopes

58 Eunola fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

59 Notcher fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

60 Notcher fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

61 Notcher fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes

62 Bama fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

63 Bama fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

64 Red Bay fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
90 Soil Survey

65 Red Bay fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

66 Red Bay fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes

67 Notcher-Maubila complex, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

68 Notcher-Maubila complex, 5 to 8 percent

slopes

69 Notcher-Maubila complex, 8 to 12 percent

slopes

70 Izagora fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

72 Yemassee fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

74 Lucy loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes

78 Emory fine sandy loam, ponded

North Florida Flatwoods

The North Florida Flatwoods ecological

community commonly has an overstory of slash

pine, longleaf pine, pond pine, live oak, sand live

oak, water oak, laurel oak, and sweetgum. Common

shrubs include saw palmetto, gallberry, blueberry,

and wax-myrtle. Common grasses include chalky

bluestem, broomsedge bluestem, lopsided

Indiangrass, low panicums, switchgrass, and

wiregrass. Other herbaceous plants include

grassleaf goldaster, blackberry, brackenfern,

deertongue, gayfeather, milkwort, and a variety of

seed producing legumes. The map unit that

supports the North Florida Flatwoods ecological

community in Escambia County is:

9 Leon sand

Cypress Swamp

The Cypress Swamp ecological community

commonly has an overstory of bald cypress,

blackgum, Coastal Plain willow, pond cypress, and red

maple. Understory shrubs include cotton buttonbush

and southern wax-myrtle. The most common grasses

are maidencane and narrowleaf sawgrass. Other

common herbaceous plants and vines include

cinnamon fern, fall-flowering ixia, laurel greenbrier,

pickerel weed, royal fern, Spanish moss, stiff-leaved

wild pine, and sphagnum moss. The map units that

support the Cypress Swamp ecological community in

Escambia County include:

28 Grady loam

73 Grady loam, drained

Salt Marsh

The Salt Marsh ecological community consists of

grasses and grasslike plants, such as big cordgrass,

black needlerush, Gulf cordgrass, marshhay

cordgrass, smooth cordgrass, saltmarsh cordgrass,

sand cordgrass, olney bulrush, and seashore

dropseed. Herbaceous plants and vines include

seablite and seapurslane. The map units that support

the Salt Marsh ecological community in Escambia

County include:

2 Duckston sand, frequently flooded

3 Duckston part of Corolla-Duckston sands,

gently undulating, flooded

6 Dirego muck, tidal

Bottomland Hardwoods

The Bottomland Hardwoods ecological community

has an overstory of American elm, loblolly pine,

American hornbeam, black willow, green ash, overcup

oak, river birch, swamp chestnut oak, Shumard’s oak,

sweetgum, American sycamore, water hickory, water

oak, and willow oak. The main understory plants

include crossvine, greenbriers, peppervine, poison ivy,

trumpet creeper, and wild grape. The map units that

support the Bottomland Hardwoods ecological

community in Escambia County include:

46 Garcon-Bigbee-Yemassee complex, 0 to 5

percent slopes, occasionally flooded

50 Bigbee-Garcon-Fluvaquents complex, flooded

71 Iuka fine sandy loam, frequently flooded

76 Mantachie-Fluvaquents-Bigbee complex,

frequently flooded

Swamp Hardwoods

The Swamp Hardwoods ecological community has

an overstory of blackgum, red maple, black willow,

Ogeechee lime, bald cypress, sweetbay, and redbay.

Common shrubs include fetterbush, white cedar,

gallberry, Virginia willow, titi, buttonbush, river birch,

redbay, dahoon holly, and wax-myrtle. Common

herbaceous plants and vines include wild grape,

greenbriers, poison ivy, maidencane, cinnamon fern,

and sphagnum moss. The map units that support the

Swamp Hardwoods ecological community in

Escambia County include:

 5 Croatan and Pickney soils, depressional

12 Croatan muck, depressional

49 Dorovan muck and Fluvaquents, frequently

flooded

75 Weston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Pitcher Plant Bogs

The Pitcher Plant Bogs ecological community has a

sparse overstory of slash pine or longleaf pine.

Common shrubs include wax-myrtle, myrtleleaved

holly, and titi. Herbaceous plants and vines include
Escambia County, Florida 91

hatpin sedge, pitcher plants, rush feathering, and

sundews (fig. 8). Common grasses include blue

maidencane, Florida threeawn, pineland threeawn,

toothache grass, and warty panicum. The map units

that support the Pitcher Plant Bogs ecological

community in Escambia County include:

 4 Pickney sand

51 Pelham loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Flats

The Flats ecological community has an overstory

of slash pine, red maple, bald cypress, sweetbay,

sweetgum, and scattered pond pine. Understory

shrubs include gallberry, wax-myrtle, titi, and saw

palmetto. The most common grasses are low

panicums and wiregrass. The map unit that

supports the Flats ecological community in

Escambia County is:

14 Allanton-Pottsburg complex

Crops and Pasture

Randy English, resource conservationist, helped prepare this

section.

General management needed for crops and

pasture is suggested in this section. The estimated

yields of the main crops and pasture plants are listed

for each soil, the system of land capability

classification used by the Natural Resources

Conservation Service is explained, and prime

farmland is described.

Figure 8.—Pitcher plants (Sarracenia sp.) and other forbs in an area of Pickney sand. This map unit is in the Pitcher Plant Bogs

ecological community.
92 Soil Survey

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the detailed

information given in the description of each soil under

the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific

information can be obtained from the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service.

In 1992, Escambia County had 27,701 acres that

was used for crops (USDC–ESA, 1992). Of this total,

about 9,083 acres was used for soybeans, 8,722

acres for cotton, 3,703 acres for small grain (wheat

and oats), and 6,193 acres for corn. About 4,247

acres was used for hay. Sorghum, vegetables, and

specialty crops were also grown.

The acreage of cropland has been decreasing

slightly because of the changing economics of crop

production and the growing pressure from urban

development as the population of the county has been

increasing.

Erosion caused by water is a major management

concern in Escambia County, especially in areas of

cropland that have slopes of more than 2 percent.

The loss of the surface layer because of erosion

reduces the productivity of soil. Also, water is

polluted as sediment leaves the site and enters

streams and ponds. Some soils, such as Notcher,

Poarch, Perdido, and Red Bay soils, are very

susceptible to water erosion where slopes are more

than 2 percent.

Properly installed and maintained terraces and

diversions can greatly reduce the hazard of erosion

and the amount of sediment entering streams and

ponds. Terraces and diversions control erosion by

reducing the length of the slope and by intercepting

runoff. Contour farming can be used in conjunction

with terraces and diversions. Crops can be planted

along the contour using the terrace as a guide.

Leaving crop residue on the surface helps to control

erosion until field preparation begins for the next

crop. This residue helps to prevent the dislodging of

soil particles by rainfall and runoff. Conservation

tillage is a practice in which residue from harvested

crops is left standing or lying on the surface,

thereby providing a protective cover. The next crop

is planted directly into this cover. A conservation

cropping sequence, or crop rotation, provides yearround soil protection by maintaining a continuous

cover of crops or crop residue on the surface.

Conservation practices can hold soil losses to

amounts that do not reduce the productivity of the

soils.

Erosion caused by wind is sometimes a problem in

Escambia County, especially on sandy soils, such as

Bonifay, Lakeland, Lucy, and Troup soils. Wind

erosion, or soil blowing, is seldom so serious that it is

as damaging to the soil as water erosion; however,

soil blowing can damage or destroy young crops.

Leaving crop residue on the soil surface, planting

permanent windbreaks of trees and shrubs, or planting

annual windbreaks of small grain effectively reduce

the hazard of wind erosion.

Soil fertility is naturally low in most of the soils used

as cropland in the county. Most of the soils range from

moderately acid to strongly acid and require

applications of agricultural limestone to raise the pH

sufficiently for successful crop production. Nitrogen,

phosphorus, and potassium must also be applied for

optimum yields. Applications of lime and fertilizer

should be based on the results of soil tests, the needs

of the crop, and the planned levels of yields. The

Cooperative Extension Service can help in

determining the kinds and amounts of fertilizer and

lime to apply.

Most of the soils used for agriculture in Escambia

County have good tilth. Tilth is an important factor

affecting the germination of seeds and the infiltration

of water into the soil. Soils that have good tilth are

granular, porous, and easily tilled.

Most of the soils used as cropland in the county

have a surface layer of fine sandy loam and a

relatively low content of organic matter. A thin crust

can form on the surface of these soils after intense,

heavy rainfall. This crust reduces infiltration of

subsequent rainfall and slows seedling emergence.

Returning crop residue to the soil, spreading animal

waste on the soil, and planting cover crops increase

the content of organic matter in the surface layer,

thereby improving soil structure, increasing the

available water capacity, and reducing the hazard of

further crusting.

Drainage is a management concern in some areas

used for agriculture in the county. A subsurface

drainage system can help to control the water table in

fields where somewhat poorly drained soils, such as

Robertsdale and Escambia soils, are cultivated. In the

past, areas of the poorly drained Grady soils were

drained using both surface and subsurface drainage

systems. As long as the drainage systems are

properly maintained, these areas can continue to be

successfully cropped. Surface drainage systems are

used to remove excess surface water, thereby

allowing pasture production in areas of poorly drained

soils, such as Leon and Pottsburg soils. The design of

surface and subsurface drainage systems varies with

the soil series.

Information regarding the planning, design,

installation, and maintenance of erosion-control

practices and drainage systems can be obtained from
Escambia County, Florida 93

the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service.

In Escambia County, pastures provide forage for

beef cattle, dairy cattle, and horses. Beef cattle and

cow-calf operations are the most common cattle

systems. Bahiagrass and hybrid bermudagrass are

the dominant pasture plants. Some producers seed

cool-season grazing crops to provide seasonal

grazing. Examples include clover, oats, winter rye, and

ryegrass. Excess seasonal and permanent grasses

are harvested as hay and utilized as feed when

grazing is limited. Pasture production can be improved

by adjusting stocking rates, implementing a rotational

grazing plan, and applying fertilizer.

Additional information regarding pasture

management, including the selection and planting of

appropriate grass species, can be obtained from the

local offices of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service and the Cooperative Extension Service.

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in table 4. In any given year,

yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of

each map unit also is shown in the table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations are also

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

For yields of irrigated crops, it is assumed that the

irrigation system is adapted to the soils and to the

crops grown, that good-quality irrigation water is

uniformly applied as needed, and that tillage is kept to

a minimum.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in the table are

grown in the survey area, but estimated yields are not

listed because the acreage of such crops is small. The

local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service or of the Cooperative Extension Service can

provide information about the management and

productivity of the soils for those crops.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops

(USDA–SCS, 1961). Crops that require special

management are excluded. The soils are grouped

according to their limitations for field crops, the risk of

damage if they are used for crops, and the way they

respond to management. The criteria used in grouping

the soils do not include major and generally expensive

landforming that would change slope, depth, or other

characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.

Capability classification is not a substitute for

interpretations designed to show suitability and

limitations of groups of soils for rangeland, for

woodland, and for engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit.

Only class and subclass are used in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by numerals I through VIII. The numerals

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use. The classes are defined as

follows:

Class I soils have few limitations that restrict their

use.

Class II soils have moderate limitations that reduce

the choice of plants or that require moderate

conservation practices.

Class III soils have severe limitations that reduce

the choice of plants or that require special

conservation practices, or both.

Class IV soils have very severe limitations that

reduce the choice of plants or that require very careful

management, or both.

Class V soils are not likely to erode but have other

limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their use.

Class VI soils have severe limitations that make

them generally unsuitable for cultivation.

Class VII soils have very severe limitations that

make them unsuitable for cultivation.

Class VIII soils and miscellaneous areas have
94 Soil Survey

limitations that nearly preclude their use for

commercial crop production.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e,

w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, IIe. The

letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of

erosion unless close-growing plant cover is

maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil

interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some

soils the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

In class I there are no subclasses because the soils

of this class have few limitations. Class V contains

only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c because

the soils in class V are subject to little or no erosion.

They have other limitations that restrict their use to

pasture, woodland, wildlife habitat, or recreation.

The capability classification of each map unit is

given in the section “Detailed Soil Map Units” and in

the yields table.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department

of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of

physical and chemical characteristics for producing

food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is

available for these uses. It could be cultivated land,

pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not

urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil

qualities, growing season, and moisture supply are

those needed for the soil to economically produce

sustained high yields of crops when proper

management, including water management, and

acceptable farming methods are applied. In general,

prime farmland has an adequate and dependable

supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation, a

favorable temperature and growing season,

acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and

sodium content, and few or no rocks. It is permeable

to water and air. It is not excessively erodible or

saturated with water for long periods, and it either is

not frequently flooded during the growing season or is

protected from flooding. Slope ranges mainly from 0 to

6 percent. More detailed information about the criteria

for prime farmland is available at the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service.

About 93,475 acres in the survey area, or nearly 20

percent of the total acreage, meets the soil

requirements for prime farmland. Scattered areas of

this land are throughout the county, but most are in the

northern part, mainly in associations 1, 3, 4, and 5,

which are described under the heading “General Soil

Map Units.”

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the

survey area has been the loss of some prime farmland

to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime

farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal

lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty,

and less productive and cannot be easily cultivated.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed below. This list

does not constitute a recommendation for a particular

land use. On some soils included in the list, measures

that overcome a hazard or limitation, such as flooding,

wetness, and droughtiness, are needed. Onsite

evaluation is needed to determine whether or not the

hazard or limitation has been overcome by corrective

measures. The extent of each listed map unit is shown

in table 3. The location is shown on the detailed soil

maps. The soil qualities that affect use and

management are described under the heading

“Detailed Soil Map Units.”

24 Poarch sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

25 Poarch sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

26 Poarch sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes

27 Escambia fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

29 Perdido sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

30 Perdido sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

31 Perdido sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes

40 Eunola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

41 Malbis sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

42 Malbis sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

52 Robertsdale sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

58 Eunola fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

59 Notcher fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

60 Notcher fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

61 Notcher fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes

62 Bama fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

63 Bama fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

64 Red Bay fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

65 Red Bay fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Escambia County, Florida 95

66 Red Bay fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes

70 Izagora fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

72 Yemassee fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained)

78 Emory fine sandy loam, ponded

Woodland Management and

Productivity

Tom Serviss, county forester, Florida Department of Agriculture

and Consumer Services, helped prepare this section.

Escambia County has about 250,800 acres on

which wood is grown and harvested for pulp, lumber,

and other uses (USDA–FS, 1993). About 102,300

acres is owned by the forest industry, 8,300 acres by

units of government, and 140,200 acres by private

individuals.

About 157,500 acres, or 63 percent of the

productive woodland, is managed for pines. Slash

pine, longleaf pine, and loblolly pine are the main

species, but shortleaf pine and sand pine are also

grown. Slash pine has been planted extensively

throughout the county on poorly drained to moderately

well drained soils and on well drained soils that have a

loamy subsoil layer within a depth of 2 to 5 feet.

Examples include Albany, Escambia, Hurricane, Leon,

Lucy, Notcher, Pelham, Robertsdale, and Yemassee

soils. Loblolly pine is recommended for planting on

soils in which the subsoil is close to the surface and

has a relatively high content of clay. Examples include

Bama, Eunola, Izagora, Notcher, Maubila, Malbis, Red

Bay, and Poarch soils. Longleaf pine can be grown on

most soils. Sand pine is adapted to sandy, droughty

soils, such as Foxworth, Kureb, Lakeland, and Resota

soils.

Hardwood trees, such as sweetgum, blackgum,

sweetbay, and black willow, and conifers, such as bald

cypress, are dominant in wetland depressions and on

flood plains. Soils in these areas include Fluvaquents

and Iuka, Mantachie, Croatan, Grady, Pickney, and

Weston soils.

In the section “Detailed Soil Map Units,” each map

unit description provides information on potential

productivity, limitations for planting and harvesting

timber, and management concerns.

Table 5 can be used by woodland owners or forest

managers in planning the use of soils for wood crops.

Only those soils suitable for wood crops are listed.

The table lists the ordination symbol for each soil.

Soils assigned the same ordination symbol for the

same tree species require the same general

management and have about the same potential

productivity.

The first part of the ordination symbol, a number,

indicates the potential productivity of the soils for an

indicator tree species (USDA–NRCS, National forestry

manual). The number indicates the volume, in cubic

meters per hectare per year, which the indicator

species can produce in a pure stand under natural

conditions. The number 1 indicates low potential

productivity; 2 or 3, moderate; 4 or 5, moderately high;

6 to 8, high; 9 to 11, very high; and 12 to 39, extremely

high. The second part of the symbol, a letter, indicates

the major kind of soil limitation. The letter R indicates

steep slopes; W, excess water in or on the soil; C, clay

in the upper part of the soil; and S, sandy texture. The

letter A indicates that limitations or restrictions are

insignificant. If a soil has more than one limitation, the

priority is as follows: R, W, C, and S.

In the table, slight, moderate, and severe indicate

the degree of the major soil limitations to be

considered in management.

Erosion hazard is the probability that damage will

occur as a result of site preparation and cutting where

the soil is exposed along roads, skid trails, and fire

lanes and in log-handling areas. Forests that have

been burned or overgrazed are also subject to

erosion. Ratings of the erosion hazard are based on

the percent of the slope. A rating of slight indicates

that no particular prevention measures are needed

under ordinary conditions. A rating of moderate

indicates that erosion-control measures are needed in

certain silvicultural activities. A rating of severe

indicates that special precautions are needed to

control erosion in most silvicultural activities.

Equipment limitation reflects the characteristics and

conditions of the soil that restrict use of the equipment

generally needed in woodland management or

harvesting. The chief characteristics and conditions

considered in the ratings are slope, soil wetness, and

texture of the surface layer. A rating of slight indicates

that under normal conditions the kind of equipment

and season of use are not significantly restricted by

soil factors. Soil wetness can restrict equipment use,

but the wet period does not exceed 1 month. A rating

of moderate indicates that equipment use is

moderately restricted because of one or more soil

factors. If the soil is wet, the wetness restricts

equipment use for a period of 1 to 3 months. A rating

of severe indicates that equipment use is severely

restricted either as to the kind of equipment that can

be used or the season of use. If the soil is wet, the

wetness restricts equipment use for more than 3

months.

Seedling mortality refers to the death of naturally
96 Soil Survey

occurring or planted tree seedlings, as influenced by

the kinds of soil, soil wetness, or topographic

conditions. The factors used in rating the soils for

seedling mortality are texture of the surface layer,

depth to a seasonal high water table and the length of

the period when the water table is high, rock

fragments in the surface layer, effective rooting depth,

and slope aspect. A rating of slight indicates that

seedling mortality is not likely to be a problem under

normal conditions. Expected mortality is less than 25

percent. A rating of moderate indicates that some

problems from seedling mortality can be expected.

Extra precautions are advisable. Expected mortality is

25 to 50 percent. A rating of severe indicates that

seedling mortality is a serious problem. Extra

precautions are important. Replanting may be

necessary. Expected mortality is more than 50 percent.

Plant competition ratings indicate the degree to

which undesirable species are expected to invade and

grow when openings are made in the tree canopy. The

main factors that affect plant competition are depth to

the water table and the available water capacity. A

rating of slight indicates that competition from

undesirable plants is not likely to prevent natural

regeneration or suppress the more desirable species.

Planted seedlings can become established without

undue competition. A rating of moderate indicates that

competition may delay the establishment of desirable

species. Competition may hamper stand development,

but it will not prevent the eventual development of fully

stocked stands. A rating of severe indicates that

competition can be expected to prevent regeneration

unless precautionary measures are applied.

The potential productivity of merchantable or

common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index

and as a volume number. The site index is the

average height, in feet, that dominant and codominant

trees of a given species attain in a specified number of

years (Broadfoot, 1964; Schumaker and Coile, 1960;

USDA–FS, 1976; USDA–NRCS, National forestry

manual; USDA–SCS, 1985b). The site index applies

to fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged stands.

Commonly grown trees are those that woodland

managers generally favor in intermediate or

improvement cuttings. They are selected on the basis

of growth rate, quality, value, and marketability.

The volume, a number, is the yield likely to be

produced by the most important trees. This number,

expressed as cubic meters per hectare per year,

indicates the amount of fiber produced in a fully

stocked, even-aged, unmanaged stand. Cubic meters

per hectare can be converted to cubic feet per acre by

multiplying by a factor of 14.3. Cubic feet can be

converted to board feet by multiplying by a factor of 5.

The first species listed under common trees for a

soil is the indicator species for that soil. It generally is

the most common species on the soil and is the one

that determines the ordination class.

Trees to plant are those that are suitable for

commercial wood production.

Recreation

A variety of recreational activities are available in

Escambia County, including fishing, swimming,

boating, canoeing, camping, hunting, hiking, and

visiting historical sites (Pensacola Area Chamber of

Commerce, 1993). The Gulf of Mexico, the Escambia

and Perdido Rivers, Lake Stone, and numerous

smaller creeks, streams, and ponds provide

recreational opportunities for water enthusiasts. Both

fresh- and salt-water fishing are popular and readily

available. Boating, canoeing, swimming, fishing, and

camping are popular on the Escambia and Perdido

Rivers (fig. 9). Gulf Islands National Seashore and Big

Lagoon State Recreation Area help preserve the

unique Coastal Strand ecological community while

providing opportunities for picnicking, hiking, and

camping. Pensacola Beach and Perdido Bay provide

public access to the Gulf Coast beaches for

sunbathing, swimming, surfing, fishing, and diving.

The large tracts of forestland in the county are

popular with hunters, hikers, campers, and

birdwatchers. State and private wildlife management

areas provide hunters with controlled public access to

deer, quail, squirrel, dove, wild hogs, and other game.

The county has many historical sites. Fort Pickins,

Fort McRee, and Fort Barrancas are part of the long

military history of the area. The Seville Historic District

in downtown Pensacola is one of the oldest

settlements in the United States and is listed on the

National Register of Historic Places. The Pensacola

Historical Museum, Historic Pensacola Village, the

Museum of Naval Aviation, and the T.T. Wentworth,

Jr., Florida State Museum are popular places to visit

and learn about the rich history of Pensacola and

Escambia County.

Escambia County has a number of private and

public golf courses. Other available recreational

facilities include parks, athletic fields, tennis courts,

and community centers.

The soils of the survey area are rated in table 6

according to limitations that affect their suitability for

recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil

features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the

surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.

Not considered in the ratings, but important in
Escambia County, Florida 97

evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of

the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic

quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines.

The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent

and the ability of the soil to support vegetation are also

important. Soils subject to flooding are limited for

recreational uses by the duration and intensity of

flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In

planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of

the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of

flooding is essential.

In the table, the degree of soil limitation is

expressed as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight

means that soil properties are generally favorable and

that limitations are minor and easily overcome.

Moderate means that limitations can be overcome or

alleviated by planning, design, or special

maintenance. Severe means that soil properties are

unfavorable and that limitations can be offset only by

costly soil reclamation, special design, intensive

maintenance, limited use, or a combination of these

measures.

The information in the table can be supplemented

by other information in this survey, for example,

interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in table

9 and interpretations for dwellings without basements

and for local roads and streets in table 8.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp

Figure 9.—Sand bars, such as this one in a bend of the Escambia River, provide picnicking and camping areas for fishermen and

canoeists.
98 Soil Survey

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes and

are not wet or subject to flooding during the period of

use. The surface has few or no stones or boulders,

absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and is not

dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones or boulders

can greatly increase the cost of constructing

campsites.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm

when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to

flooding during the period of use, and do not have

slopes or stones or boulders that increase the cost of

shaping sites or of building access roads and parking

areas.

Playgrounds require soils that can withstand

intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level

and are not wet or subject to flooding during the

season of use. The surface is free of stones and

boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when dry.

If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over a

hardpan should be considered.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no cutting and filling. The best

soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty

when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than

once a year during the period of use. They have

moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on

the surface.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or

boulders on the surface. The suitability of the soil for

tees or greens is not considered in rating the soils.

Wildlife Habitat

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 7, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope, and

flooding. Soil temperature and soil moisture are also

considerations. Examples of grain and seed crops are

corn, wheat, oats, and millet.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, flooding, and slope.

Soil temperature and soil moisture are also

considerations. Examples of grasses and legumes are

fescue, bahiagrass, dallisgrass, clover, and

lespedeza.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, and

flooding. Soil temperature and soil moisture are also

considerations. Examples of wild herbaceous plants

are bluestem, goldenrod, partridge pea, yellow

Indiangrass, and wiregrass.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the
Escambia County, Florida 99

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, black cherry,

sweetgum, cabbage palm, hawthorn, dogwood,

hickory, blackberry, and persimmon. Examples of fruitproducing shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils

rated good are blueberry, autumn-olive, and

crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine,

cedar, and bald cypress.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

salinity, and slope. Examples of wetland plants are

smartweed, wild millet, pickerelweed, saltgrass, cattail,

cordgrass, rushes, sedges, and reeds.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are wetness, slope, and

permeability. Examples of shallow water areas are

marshes, depressions, and ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these

areas include bobwhite quail, meadowlark, field

sparrow, cottontail, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous plants or coniferous plants or both and

associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous

plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include wild

turkey, woodcock, thrushes, owls, woodpeckers, wild

hog, squirrels, gray fox, raccoon, deer, and bear.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, egrets, herons,

shore birds, alligator, muskrat, mink, otter, and beaver.

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the estimated data and test data in the

“Soil Properties” section.

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has

limitations. For example, estimates and other data

generally apply only to that part of the soil within a

depth of 5 or 6 feet. Because of the map scale, small

areas of different soils may be included within the

mapped areas of a specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about grain-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

soil wetness, depth to a seasonal high water table,

slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil structure

aggregation, and soil density. Data were collected

about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of the sand

and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed cations.

Estimates were made for erodibility, permeability,

corrosivity, shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, and other behavioral characteristics affecting

engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the
100 Soil Survey

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Table 8 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings

with and without basements, small commercial

buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and

landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if

soil properties and site features are generally

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and easily overcome; moderate if soil properties

or site features are somewhat restrictive for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required. Special feasibility studies may be required

where the soil limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the

depth to a cemented pan or a very firm dense layer;

stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time of the

year that excavations can be made is affected by the

depth to a seasonal high water table and the

susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of

the excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving is

affected by soil texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on

undisturbed soil. The load limit is the same as that

for single-family dwellings no higher than three

stories. Ratings are made for small commercial

buildings without basements, for dwellings with

basements, and for dwellings without basements.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. A

high water table, flooding, shrinking and swelling,

and organic layers can cause the movement of

footings. A high water table, depth to a cemented

pan, large stones, slope, and flooding affect the

ease of excavation and construction. Landscaping

and grading that require cuts and fills of more than

5 or 6 feet are not considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a

base of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil

material; and a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills

are generally limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings

are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. Depth to a

cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, and slope

affect the ease of excavating and grading. Soil

strength (as inferred from the engineering

classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential, and

depth to a high water table affect the traffic-supporting

capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to a

cemented pan, the available water capacity in the

upper 40 inches, and the content of salts, sodium, and

sulfidic materials affect plant growth. Flooding,

wetness, slope, and the amount of sand, clay, or

organic matter in the surface layer affect trafficability

after vegetation is established.

Sanitary Facilities

Table 9 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations

are considered slight if soil properties and site features

are generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that special

design, significant increases in construction costs, and

possibly increased maintenance are required.

The table also shows the suitability of the soils

for use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good

indicates that soil properties and site features are

favorable for the use and good performance and

low maintenance can be expected; fair indicates

that soil properties and site features are moderately

favorable for the use and one or more soil

properties or site features make the soil less

desirable than the soils rated good; and poor
Escambia County, Florida 101

indicates that one or more soil properties or site

features are unfavorable for the use and

overcoming the unfavorable properties requires

special design, extra maintenance, or costly

alteration.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the

effluent. Large stones and bedrock or a cemented pan

interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base of

the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field

to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances

require that this material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to

hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is required to minimize seepage and contamination of

ground water.

The table gives ratings for the natural soil that

makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and,

generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface

layer are excavated to provide material for the

embankments. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope,

permeability, a high water table, depth to a cemented

pan, flooding, large stones, and content of organic

matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter

is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope and

cemented pans can cause construction problems, and

large stones can hinder compaction of the lagoon

floor.

Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is

disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of

landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste

is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and

covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the

site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The

waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a

thin layer of soil from a source away from the site.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation

should be considered.

The ratings in the table are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Permeability, depth to a cemented pan, a

high water table, slope, and flooding affect both types

of landfill. Texture, highly organic layers, soil reaction,

and content of salts and sodium affect trench landfills.

Unless otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that

part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For

deeper trenches, a limitation rated slight or moderate

may not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of excess gravel are the best cover for a

landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy and are

difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to wind

erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over a cemented pan or the water table to

permit revegetation. The soil material used as the final

cover for a landfill should be suitable for plants. The

surface layer generally has the best workability, more

organic matter, and the best potential for plants.

Material from the surface layer should be stockpiled

for use as the final cover.

Construction Materials

Table 10 gives information about the soils as a

source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils

are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and

topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable

source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on

soil properties and site features that affect the removal
102 Soil Survey

of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed. Each soil is

evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information can

help to determine the suitability of each layer for use

as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized

with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by a high water

table and slope. How well the soil performs in place

after it has been compacted and drained is determined

by its strength (as inferred from the engineering

classification of the soil) and shrink-swell potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity

index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential,

many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They

are wet and have a water table at a depth of less than

1 foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but

the material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In the table, only the

probability of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as

shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and

gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected

by slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and

toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to

fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15

percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal high

water table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 11 gives information on the soil properties

and site features that affect water management. The
Escambia County, Florida 103

degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond

reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and

aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features are

generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and are easily overcome;

moderate if soil properties or site features are not

favorable for the indicated use and special planning,

design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or

minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties

or site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to

overcome that special design, significant increase in

construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to permeable material.

Excessive slope can affect the storage capacity of the

reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the

embankment. Generally, deeper onsite investigation is

needed to determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high

content of organic matter or salts. A high water table

affects the amount of usable material. It also affects

trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock, to a cemented pan, or to other layers that

affect the rate of water movement; permeability; depth

to a high water table or depth of standing water if the

soil is subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to

flooding; and subsidence of organic layers. Excavating

and grading and the stability of ditchbanks are

affected by depth to a cemented pan, slope, and the

hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of the soil

after drainage is adversely affected by extreme acidity

or by toxic substances in the root zone, such as salts

and sulfur. Availability of drainage outlets is not

considered in the ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to a cemented pan. The performance of a

system is affected by the depth of the root zone, the

amount of salts or sodium, and soil reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large

stones, and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan

affect the construction of terraces and diversions. A

restricted rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind

erosion or water erosion, an excessively coarse

texture, and restricted permeability adversely affect

maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large

stones, wetness, slope, and depth to a cemented pan

affect the construction of grassed waterways. A

hazard of wind erosion, low available water capacity,

restricted rooting depth, toxic substances such as

salts, and restricted permeability adversely affect the

growth and maintenance of the grass after

construction.

105

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey. The data and the

estimates of soil and water features, listed in tables,

are explained on the following pages.

Soil properties are determined by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine grain-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties shown in the tables

include the range of grain-size distribution and

Atterberg limits, the engineering classification, and the

physical and chemical properties of the major layers of

each soil. Pertinent soil and water features also are

given.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 12 gives estimates of the engineering

classification and of the range of index properties for

the major layers of each soil in the survey area. Most

soils have layers of contrasting properties within the

upper 5 or 6 feet.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated. The range in depth and information

on other properties of each layer are given for each

soil series under the heading “Soil Series and Their

Morphology.”

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil

that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and

less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles

coarser than sand is as much as about 15 percent, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 1993)

and the system adopted by the American Association

of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO, 1986).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to grain-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4,

A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional

refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade

material can be indicated by a group index number.

Group index numbers range from 0 for the best

subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

Soil Properties
106 Soil Survey

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid limit,

and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in the

table.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Table 13 shows estimates of some characteristics

and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates

are given for the major layers of each soil in the

survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of

each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by

weight, of the soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter.

The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the

fertility and physical condition of the soil. They

determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and

to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell

potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil

dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and

kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving

operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3-bar moisture tension. Weight is determined after

drying the soil at 105 degrees C. In this table, the

estimated moist bulk density of each major soil

horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of

soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

Bulk density data are used to compute shrink-swell

potential, available water capacity, total pore space,

and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a

soil indicates the pore space available for water and

roots. A bulk density of more than 1.6 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of

organic matter, and soil structure.

Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit

water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of

downward movement of water when the soil is

saturated. They are based on soil characteristics

observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity,

and texture. Permeability is considered in the design

of soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption

fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each major soil

layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil

properties that affect the retention of water and the

depth of the root zone. The most important properties

are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk

density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is

an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to

be grown and in the design and management of

irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an

estimate of the quantity of water actually available to

plants at any given time.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and

is expressed as a range in pH values. The range in pH

of each major horizon is based on many field tests.

For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at

saturation. It is expressed as the electrical conductivity

of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter at

25 degrees C. Estimates are based on field and

laboratory measurements at representative sites of

nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is

affected by the quality of the irrigation water and by

the frequency of water application. Hence, the salinity

of soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the

value given in the table. Salinity affects the suitability

of a soil for crop production, the stability of soil if used

as construction material, and the potential of the soil to

corrode metal and concrete.

Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume

change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture.

Volume change occurs mainly because of the

interaction of clay minerals with water and varies with

the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil. The

size of the load on the soil and the magnitude of the

change in soil moisture content influence the amount

of swelling of soils in place. Laboratory measurements

of swelling of undisturbed clods were made for many

soils. For others, swelling was estimated on the basis

of the kind and amount of clay minerals in the soil and

on measurements of similar soils.

If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to
Escambia County, Florida 107

very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage

to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special

design is often needed.

Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the

change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture

content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The

classes are low, a change of less than 3 percent;

moderate, 3 to 6 percent; high, 6 to 9 percent; and

very high, greater than 9 percent.

Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil

to sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of

six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation

(USLE) to predict the average annual rate of soil loss

by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil

structure and permeability. Values of K range from

0.02 to 0.64. Other factors being equal, the higher the

value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill

erosion by water.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water that

can occur without affecting crop productivity over a

sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their resistance to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The groups indicate

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. The soils

assigned to group 1 are the most susceptible to wind

erosion, and those assigned to group 8 are the least

susceptible. The groups are as follows:

1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine

sands.

2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine

sands, loamy very fine sands, ash material, and sapric

soil material.

3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams.

4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and

silty clay loams.

4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams,

and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent

clay.

5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams,

sandy clays, and hemic soil material.

6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay

loams that are less than 35 percent clay.

7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are

less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material.

8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion

because of coarse fragments on the surface or

because of surface wetness.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In the

table, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained or increased by returning crop residue to

the soil. Organic matter affects the available water

capacity, infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of

nitrogen and other nutrients for crops.

Soil and Water Features

Table 14 gives estimates of various soil and water

features. The estimates are used in land use planning

that involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a

layer that impedes the downward movement of water

or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture.

These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that

have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,

and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious

material. These soils have a very slow rate of water

transmission.

If a soil is assigned to two hydrologic groups in the

table, the first letter is for drained areas and the

second is for undrained areas.

Flooding, the temporary inundation of an area, is

caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from

adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short

periods after rainfall is not considered flooding, and
108

water standing in swamps and marshes is considered

ponding rather than flooding.

The table gives the frequency and duration of

flooding and the time of year when flooding is most

likely.

Frequency, duration, and probable dates of

occurrence are estimated. Frequency is expressed as

none, rare, occasional, and frequent. None means that

flooding is not probable; rare that it is unlikely but

possible under unusual weather conditions (the

chance of flooding is nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in

any year); occasional that it occurs, on the average,

once or less in 2 years (the chance of flooding is 5 to

50 percent in any year); and frequent that it occurs, on

the average, more than once in 2 years (the chance of

flooding is more than 50 percent in any year).

Common is used when the occasional and frequent

classes are grouped for certain purposes. Duration is

expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to

7 days, long if 7 days to 1 month, and very long if

more than 1 month. Probable dates are expressed in

months. About two-thirds to three-fourths of all

flooding occurs during the stated period.

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and little or no

horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

High water table (seasonal) is the highest level of a

saturated zone in the soil in most years. The estimates

are based mainly on observations of the water table at

selected sites and on the evidence of a saturated

zone, namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic

features) in the soil. Indicated in the table are the

depth to the seasonal high water table; the kind of

water table—that is, perched or apparent; and the

months of the year that the water table commonly is

high. A water table that is seasonally high for less than

1 month is not indicated in the table.

An apparent water table is a thick zone of free

water in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which

water stands in an uncased borehole after adequate

time is allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil.

A perched water table is water standing above an

unsaturated zone. In places an upper, or perched,

water table is separated from a lower one by a dry

zone.

Two numbers in the column showing depth to the

water table indicate the normal range in depth to a

saturated zone. Depth is given to the nearest half foot.

The first numeral in the range indicates the highest

water level. A plus sign preceding the range in depth

indicates that the water table is above the surface of

the soil. “More than 6.0” indicates that the water table

is below a depth of 6 feet or that it is within a depth of

6 feet for less than a month.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density.

Subsidence generally results from either desiccation

and shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both,

following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually,

usually over a period of several years. The table

shows the expected initial subsidence, which usually

is a result of drainage, and total subsidence, which

results from a combination of factors.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a

severe hazard of corrosion. The steel in installations

that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more

susceptible to corrosion than steel in installations that

are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil

layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.
109

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(USDA-SCS, 1975; Soil Survey Staff, 1996). Beginning

with the broadest, these categories are the order,

suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series.

Classification is based on soil properties observed in

the field or inferred from those observations or from

laboratory measurements. Table 15 shows the

classification of the soils in the survey area. The

categories are defined in the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Ultisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Udult (Ud,

meaning humid, plus ult, from Ultisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Paleudults (Pale, meaning excessive

development, plus udult, the suborder of the Ultisols

that has a udic moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Paleudults.

FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup

on the basis of physical and chemical properties and

other characteristics that affect management.

Generally, the properties are those of horizons below

plow depth where there is much biological activity.

Among the properties and characteristics considered

are particle size, mineral content, cation exchange

capacity, soil temperature regime, soil depth, and

reaction. A family name consists of the name of a

subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil

properties. An example is fine-loamy, siliceous,

subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a family

that have horizons similar in color, texture, structure,

reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile. The soils

in the Bama series are fine-loamy, siliceous,

subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil

and the material in which it formed are identified for

each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area

of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is

described. The detailed description of each soil

horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual”

(Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993). Many of the

technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in

“Soil Taxonomy” (USDA-SCS, 1975) and in “Keys to

Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1996). Unless

otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions are for

moist soil. Following the pedon description is the range

of important characteristics of the soils in the series.

The map units of each soil series are described in

the section “Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Albany Series

The Albany series consists of very deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils that formed in sandy and loamy

marine sediments. These soils are in positions that are

depressed relative to surrounding landforms on low

Classification of the Soils
110 Soil Survey

terraces and on broad ridges and knolls, on toeslopes,

and on the lower parts of footslopes. They are in the

uplands. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of

1 to 21

/2 feet from December through April in most

years. The areas on low terraces are subject to

occasional flooding. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent.

These soils are loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic

Grossarenic Paleudults.

Albany soils are geographically associated with

Bonifay, Eunola, Lakeland, Pelham, Troup, and

Weston soils. The Bonifay, Lakeland, and Troup soils

are on summits and shoulder slopes in higher

positions than the Albany soils. The well drained

Bonifay soils have a significant accumulation of

plinthite in the subsoil. The excessively drained

Lakeland soils are sandy throughout. The somewhat

excessively drained Troup soils have a reddish argillic

horizon. The moderately well drained Eunola soils are

on stream terraces and do not have a thick, sandy

epipedon. The poorly drained Pelham and Weston

soils are in lower positions than the Albany soils. The

Pelham soils have a loamy argillic horizon at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches. The Weston soils do not have a

thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical pedon of Albany sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

(fig. 10); about 100 feet north of Langley Avenue and

3,750 feet east of Ninth Avenue in Pensacola; about

3,700 feet east and 100 feet north of the southwest

corner of sec. 10, T. 1 S., R. 29 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sand; weak medium granular structure; very

friable; common medium and fine roots; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

E1—7 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single

grained; loose; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

E2—22 to 42 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grained; loose; common medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation that have clear boundaries

throughout the matrix; common fine faint pale

brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions that have clear

boundaries throughout the matrix; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Eg—42 to 57 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sand;

single grained; loose; common fine faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions

throughout the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Btg1—57 to 72 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; sand grains bridged and coated

with clay; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation

that have sharp boundaries throughout the matrix;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg2—72 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation that

have sharp boundaries throughout the matrix;

strongly acid.

The solum is more than 70 inches thick. The sandy

epipedon ranges from 40 to 80 inches in thickness.

Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately

acid in the A and E horizons, except in areas where

lime has been applied, and from very strongly acid to

moderately acid in the Btg horizon.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and

chroma of 1 or 2.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. In many pedons, it has thin

streaks and pockets of white or light gray uncoated

sand. It has few to many redoximorphic depletions in

shades of gray or brown and redoximorphic

accumulations in shades of red, yellow, and brown. It

is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.

The Eg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8,

and chroma of 1 or 2. It has few to many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red. It is sand, fine sand, loamy

sand, or loamy fine sand.

The Bt horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8. It has

common or many redoximorphic depletions in shades

of brown and gray and redoximorphic accumulations

in shades of red, brown, and yellow. It is sandy loam,

fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.

The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it does not have a

dominant matrix color and is multicolored in shades of

red, yellow, brown and gray. It has common or many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of red, yellow,

and brown. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy

clay loam.

Allanton Series

The Allanton series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained soils that formed in sandy marine

sediments. These soils are on broad flats and in

shallow depressions. They are on the coastal

lowlands. The seasonal high water table is within a

depth of 1/2 foot from December through April in most

years. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils

are sandy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Alaquods.
Escambia County, Florida 111

Allanton soils are geographically associated with

Hurricane, Leon, Pelham, Pickney, and Pottsburg

soils. The somewhat poorly drained Hurricane soils

are on knolls in slightly higher positions than the

Allanton soils. The poorly drained Leon soils are in

areas of flatwoods, are at slightly higher elevations

than the Allanton soils, and have a spodic horizon

within a depth of 30 inches. The poorly drained

Pelham soils are in positions similar to those of the

Allanton soils on flats and have a loamy argillic

horizon at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. The Pickney

soils are in positions similar to those of the Allanton

soils and do not have a spodic horizon. The poorly

drained Pottsburg soils are in slightly higher positions

than the Allanton soils on flats and do not have an

umbric epipedon.

Typical pedon of Allanton sand, in an area of

Allanton-Pottsburg complex; about 250 feet south and

875 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 22, T. 2

S., R. 31 W.

A1—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; many medium and

fine roots; common uncoated sand grains; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

A2—10 to 17 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand;

single grained; loose; few medium and fine roots;

common uncoated sand grains; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Eg1—17 to 28 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Eg2—28 to 53 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sand;

single grained; loose; very strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bh1—53 to 65 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) sand;

massive; friable; about 70 percent of the sand

grains are coated with organic matter; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bh2—65 to 80 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2)

sand; massive; friable; about 90 percent of the

sand grains are coated with organic matter; very

strongly acid.

The solum is more than 80 inches thick. Reaction is

very strongly acid or strongly acid in the A and Eg

horizons and ranges from extremely acid to strongly

acid in the Bh horizon. Depth to the spodic horizon

ranges from 50 to 80 inches. The umbric epipedon

ranges from 16 to 30 inches in thickness.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 2 or less.

The Eg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4

to 7, and chroma of 2 or less. It is sand, fine sand, or

loamy sand.

The Bh1 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value

of 2 to 5, and chroma of 2 or less. It is sand, fine sand,

or loamy sand.

The Bh2 horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of

2 to 3, and chroma of 2 or less. It is sand, fine sand, or

loamy sand.

Bama Series

The Bama series consists of very deep, well

drained soils that formed in loamy sediments. These

soils are on summits and shoulder slopes in the

uplands. In most years, the seasonal high water table

is below a depth of 6 feet throughout the year. Slopes

range from 0 to 5 percent. These soils are fine-loamy,

siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults.

Bama soils are geographically associated with

Emory, Malbis, Notcher, and Red Bay soils. The

Emory soils are in shallow depressions and have a

dark red argillic horizon. The Malbis and Notcher

soils are in slightly lower positions than the Bama

soils, have a brownish argillic horizon, and have a

significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil.

The Red Bay soils are in positions similar to those

of the Bama soils and have a dark red argillic

horizon.

Typical pedon of Bama fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes; about 300 feet north and 500 feet east

of the intersection of County Highways 97 and 4 in the

northern part of the county; 1,300 feet south and 350

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 5 N., R.

33 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam;

weak medium granular structure; friable; common

medium, fine, and very fine roots; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 20 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) sandy

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay

films on faces of peds; few pebbles of ironstone;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—20 to 32 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt3—32 to 56 inches; red (2.5YR 5/8) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt4—56 to 80 inches; red (10R 5/8) sandy clay loam;

weak medium subangular block structure; firm;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid.
112 Soil Survey

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. The

content of ironstone concretions, quartz gravel, or

both ranges from 0 to 15 percent, by volume, in the

solum. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to

slightly acid in the A and E horizons, except in areas

where lime has been applied, and from very strongly

acid to moderately acid in the Bt horizon.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value

of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The E horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR or

10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is fine

sandy loam or sandy loam.

The Bt horizon dominantly has hue of 10R to 5YR,

value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 to 8. In some pedons,

however, below a depth of about 40 inches the Bt

horizon has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3, and

chroma of 4 to 6. In the lower part of some pedons,

the Bt horizon has redoximorphic accumulations in

shades of brown. These accumulations are assumed

to be relict features. The texture is loam, sandy clay

loam, or clay loam.

Bigbee Series

The Bigbee series consists of very deep,

excessively drained soils that formed in sandy fluvial

sediments. These soils are on high parts of natural

levees on flood plains. The seasonal high water table

is within a depth of 31/2 to 6 feet from December

through April in most years. These soils are subject to

occasional flooding for brief periods. Slopes range

from 0 to 5 percent. These soils are thermic, coated

Typic Quartzipsamments.

Bigbee soils are geographically associated with

Fluvaquents and Garcon, Mantachie, and Yemassee

soils. The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in

depressions on the lower parts of the flood plains. The

somewhat poorly drained Garcon and Yemassee soils

are on low terraces and have loamy subsoil layers.

The somewhat poorly drained, loamy Mantachie soils

are on the lower parts of the flood plains.

Typical pedon of Bigbee fine sand, in an area of

Garcon-Bigbee-Yemassee complex, 0 to 5 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded; in the Bristol Park

subdivision, about 3,165 feet north and 3,170 feet east

of the southwest corner of sec. 3, T. 1 S., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine

sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common medium and fine roots; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

C1—7 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sand; single grained; loose; strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

C2—18 to 25 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

fine sand; single grained; loose; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

C3—25 to 35 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

fine sand; single grained; loose; few faint streaks

of clean sand; common medium prominent

reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) masses of iron

accumulation with sharp boundaries throughout

the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C4—35 to 63 inches; white (10YR 8/1) fine sand;

single grained; loose; common medium faint very

pale brown (10YR 7/4) masses of iron

accumulation with clear boundaries; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

C5—63 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sand;

single grained; loose; common medium faint gray

(10YR 6/1) iron depletions; strongly acid.

The combined thickness of the sandy sediments is

more than 80 inches. Reaction ranges from very

strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the profile,

except in areas where lime has been applied.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and

chroma of 2 to 4.

The upper part of the C horizon has hue of 10YR or

7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 4 or 5.

Redoximorphic features, if present, are in shades of

brown. The texture is sand or fine sand. The lower

part of the C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8,

and chroma of 1 to 6. It has few to many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of brown and

yellow. It has few or common redoximorphic

depletions in shades of brown and gray below a depth

of 40 inches. In many pedons, the C horizon has few

or common streaks or pockets of uncoated sand.

Bonifay Series

The Bonifay series consists of very deep, well

drained soils that formed in sandy and loamy marine

sediments. These soils are on broad summits,

shoulder slopes, and side slopes in the uplands. The

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 31/2 to 5 feet

from December through April in most years. Slopes

range from 0 to 8 percent. These soils are loamy,

siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Plinthic

Paleudults.

Bonifay soils are geographically associated with

Albany, Lakeland, and Troup soils. The somewhat

poorly drained Albany soils are in lower positions than

the Bonifay soils and do not have a significant

accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The

excessively drained Lakeland and somewhat

excessively drained Troup soils are in slightly higher
Escambia County, Florida 113

positions than the Bonifay soils and do not have a

significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil.

Typical pedon of Bonifay loamy sand, 0 to 5

percent slopes; about 1,000 feet south and 3,170

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 13, T. 3 N.,

R. 33 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; common medium, fine, and very fine roots;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

E1—3 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy

sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few medium and fine roots; strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

E2—16 to 34 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

E3—34 to 54 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common medium faint very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) iron depletions; common

medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses

of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Btv—54 to 80 inches; 25 percent yellow (10YR 7/6),

25 percent light gray (10YR 7/2), 20 percent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), 15 percent pale yellow

(2.5Y 7/4), and 15 percent red (10R 4/6) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; about 12 percent, by volume, firm and brittle

masses of plinthite; about 4 percent, by volume,

rounded quartzite pebbles; areas of yellow, strong

brown, and red are masses of iron accumulation;

areas of light gray are iron depletions; strongly

acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction is

very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the

profile, except in areas where lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to

5, and chroma of 1 to 3.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7,

and chroma of 3 to 8. In many pedons, it has few to

common, fine to coarse streaks or pockets of whitish

or grayish uncoated sand. It has few or common

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red in the lower part. The quantity of

redoximorphic depletions in shades of brown and gray

ranges from none to common below a depth of 40

inches. The texture is loamy sand.

The Btv horizon commonly has no dominant matrix

color and is multicolored in shades of brown, red,

yellow, and gray. In some pedons, however, it has hue

of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to

8. It has few to many masses of iron accumulation in

shades of yellow, brown, or red and iron depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy clay loam.

Corolla Series

The Corolla series consists of very deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils that formed in thick deposits of

marine sands that have been reworked by wind and

wave action. These soils are on the lower parts of

dunes and in shallow swales between dunes on the

barrier islands and near the coastal beaches on the

mainland. The seasonal high water table is influenced

by daily tidal fluctuations. In most years, it is at a depth

of 11/2 to 3 feet throughout the year. These soils are

subject to rare flooding. Slopes range from 2 to 6

percent. These soils are thermic, uncoated Aquic

Quartzipsamments.

Corolla soils are geographically associated with

Dirego, Duckston, Kureb, Newhan, and Resota soils.

The very poorly drained Dirego soils are in tidal

marshes and have a thick, histic epipedon. The poorly

drained Duckston soils are in lower positions than the

Corolla soils on flats and in swales between dunes.

The excessively drained Kureb and moderately well

drained Resota soils are in the higher positions and

have spodic materials in the subsoil. The excessively

drained Newhan soils are in the higher positions on

the dunes.

Typical pedon of Corolla sand, in an area of

Newhan-Corolla complex, rolling, rarely flooded; in Big

Lagoon State Recreation Area, about 2,640 feet south

and 675 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 13, T.

3 S., R. 32 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand;

single grained; loose; few fine roots; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

C1—5 to 28 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sand;

single grained; loose; common medium distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) streaks of organic stains;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

C2—28 to 40 inches; white (N 8/0) sand; single

grained; loose; common fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation

with sharp boundaries throughout the matrix;

common medium prominent brown (10YR 4/3)

streaks of organic stains; moderately acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

C3—40 to 48 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sand; single

grained; loose; common fine prominent yellowish
114 Soil Survey

red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation with

sharp boundaries throughout the matrix;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C4—48 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sand;

single grained; loose; common black sand grains;

moderately acid.

The combined thickness of the sandy sediments is

more than 80 inches. Reaction ranges from

moderately acid to slightly alkaline throughout the

profile. In many pedons, the profile contains dark sand

grains of ilmenite or other dark colored minerals.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3

to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3; or it is neutral in hue and

has value of 3 to 7.

The upper part of the C horizon has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. It has few

or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of

red, yellow, and brown. The lower part has hue of

10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2; or

it is neutral in hue and has value of 7 or 8.

Cowarts Series

The Cowarts series consists of very deep, well

drained soils that formed in loamy marine sediments.

These soils are on side slopes of ridges in the

uplands. In most years, the seasonal high water table

is below a depth of 6 feet throughout the year. Slopes

are short and complex and range from 12 to 18

percent. These soils are fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic

Typic Kanhapludults.

Cowarts soils are geographically associated with

Lakeland, Maubila, Notcher, Poarch, and Troup soils.

The Lakeland soils are on summits and are sandy

throughout. The Maubila soils are in positions similar

to those of the Cowarts soils and have a clayey argillic

horizon. The Notcher and Poarch soils are on summits

and shoulder slopes and have significant

accumulations of plinthite in the lower part of the

subsoil. Also, Poarch soils are coarse-loamy. The

Troup soils are on summits or in positions similar to

those of the Cowarts soils on side slopes and have a

thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical pedon of Cowarts sandy loam, in an area of

Cowarts-Troup complex, 12 to 18 percent slopes;

about 1,670 feet south and 2,085 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 15, T. 4 N., R. 32 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; many medium and fine roots; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

BE—4 to 9 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common medium and fine roots; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—9 to 22 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few medium and fine roots; few

faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—22 to 32 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8)

masses of iron accumulation; common medium

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions; the redoximorphic features are

assumed to be relict features; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

BC—32 to 40 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; common medium distinct yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron

accumulation; common medium distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions with gradual

boundaries throughout the matrix; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

C—40 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy

loam; massive; very friable; common thin strata of

loamy sand; common medium distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6), yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and

red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation;

common medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions with gradual boundaries throughout the

matrix; strongly acid.

The solum ranges from 18 to 40 inches in

thickness. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly

acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer

in areas where lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR,

value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The BE horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR

or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is

sandy loam or fine sandy loam.

The Bt horizon commonly has hue of 7.5YR or

10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. In some

pedons, however, it has hue of 5YR, value of 5 or 6,

and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy clay loam. Redoximorphic

accumulations, if present, are in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red and are assumed to be relict

features.

The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR to

5YR, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8; or it does

not have a dominant matrix color and is multicolored in
Escambia County, Florida 115

shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray. The texture

ranges from sandy loam to sandy clay.

The C horizon, or the Cd horizon where present,

has the same range in hue, value, and chroma as the

BC horizon. The C horizon is commonly layered and

pocketed with finer- and coarser-textured sediments.

The texture ranges from loamy sand to sandy clay

loam.

Croatan Series

The Croatan Series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained soils that formed in highly decomposed

plant materials and the underlying loamy and sandy

sediments. These soils are in depressions in the

coastal lowlands. The seasonal high water table

ranges from 1 foot above the surface to a depth of 1/2

foot from December through July in most years.

Slopes are less than 1 percent. These soils are loamy,

siliceous, dysic, thermic Terric Medisaprists.

Croatan soils are geographically associated with

Dorovan, Hurricane, Leon, and Pickney soils in the

southwestern part of the county and with Escambia

and Robertsdale soils in the central and northern

parts. All of the associated soils, except the Dorovan

soils, are in higher positions than the Croatan soils

and are mineral soils. The Dorovan soils are in lower

positions than the Croatan soils and have a histic

epipedon that is more than 51 inches thick.

Typical pedon of Croatan muck, depressional;

about 665 feet west and 1,985 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 3, T. 1 S., R. 31 W.

Oa1—0 to 15 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck, rubbed

and unrubbed; less than 5 percent fiber rubbed

and unrubbed; common medium, fine, and very

fine roots; about 95 percent organic matter;

extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Oa2—15 to 25 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) muck,

rubbed and unrubbed; less than 5 percent fiber

rubbed and unrubbed; few medium, fine, and very

fine roots; about 95 percent organic matter;

extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Ag—25 to 33 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; massive; very friable; estimated 10 percent

organic matter; extremely acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Cg1—33 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam;

massive; very friable; extremely acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

2Cg2—50 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loamy sand;

massive; very friable; extremely acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

2Cg3—60 to 80 inches; 60 percent gray (10YR 6/1)

and 40 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand;

massive; very friable; extremely acid.

The combined thickness of the organic layers

ranges from 16 to 51 inches. The O horizon is ultra

acid or extremely acid. The 2A and 2C horizons range

from extremely acid to slightly acid. Woody materials

make up less than 10 percent of the O horizon. The

content of fiber in the O horizon ranges from 3 to 30

percent unrubbed and is less than 10 percent rubbed.

The Oa horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2.

The 2Ag horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

2 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam, fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, or mucky sandy loam.

The 2Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5GY, or

5G; value of 2 to 7; and chroma of 1 or 2. The texture

ranges from sand to clay loam.

Dirego Series

The Dirego series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained organic soils that formed in highly

decomposed plant materials and the underlying sandy

sediments. These soils are in tidal marshes on the

barrier islands and adjacent to the coastline. Dirego

soils have a high water table within a depth of 1/2 foot

throughout the year and are subject to daily flooding

by the tides. Slopes are less than 1 percent. These

soils are sandy or sandy-skeletal, siliceous, euic,

thermic Terric Sulfisaprists.

Dirego soils are geographically associated with

Corolla, Duckston, Leon, Newhan, and Pickney soils.

All of the associated soils are in higher positions than

the Dirego soils and are mineral soils.

Typical Pedon of Dirego muck, in an area of Dirego

muck, tidal; on Santa Rosa Island, about 2.0 miles

east of Big Sabine Point and 0.7 mile north of County

Road 399; lat. 30 degrees 21 minutes 32 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 00 minutes 51 seconds W.

Oa1—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

muck; less than 10 percent fiber rubbed and

unrubbed; many medium and fine roots; strong

odor of hydrogen sulfide; slightly acid when wet,

extremely acid when dry; gradual smooth

boundary.

Oa2—8 to 35 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; less

than 5 percent fiber rubbed and unrubbed; slightly

acid when wet, extremely acid when dry; clear

smooth boundary.

2Cg1—35 to 43 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) fine sand; single grained; loose; slightly acid

when wet, extremely acid when dry; gradual wavy

boundary.
116 Soil Survey

2Cg2—43 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine

sand; single grained; loose; slightly acid when wet,

extremely acid when dry.

The organic material is dominantly sapric. When

the Oa horizon is in its natural wet condition, reaction

is slightly acid or neutral. When it is dry, reaction is

extremely acid or ultra acid. The 2Cg horizon is

moderately acid or slightly acid when wet.

The Oa horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and

has value of 2 or 3.

The 2Cg horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 2

to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and

has value of 2 to 8. It is loamy fine sand, fine sand,

sand, mucky fine sand, or mucky sand. In some

pedons, the horizon has thin subhorizons of fine sandy

loam; but the average texture of the mineral part of the

control section is loamy fine sand or fine sand.

Dorovan Series

The Dorovan series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained organic soils that formed in highly

decomposed remains of woody and herbaceous

plants. These soils are in depressions on nearly level

flood plains along streams and rivers. The seasonal

high water table ranges from 2 feet above the surface

to a depth of 1/2 foot from December through July in

most years. Slopes are less than 1 percent. These

soils are dysic, thermic Typic Medisaprists.

Dorovan soils are geographically associated with

Fluvaquents and Croatan, Mantachie, Pelham, and

Yemassee soils. The Croatan soils are in positions

similar to those of the Dorovan soils and have loamy

or sandy sediments within a depth of 51 inches. The

Fluvaquents and Mantachie soils are in slightly higher

positions than the Dorovan soils on flood plains and

are mineral soils. The Pelham and Yemassee soils are

in higher positions than the Dorovan soils on terraces

and are mineral soils.

Typical pedon of Dorovan muck, in an area of

Dorovan muck and Fluvaquents, frequently flooded;

on the flood plains along the Escambia River, about

1,500 feet south and 1,170 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 19, T. 2 N., R. 30 W.

Oa1—0 to 8 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)

muck; about 25 percent fiber unrubbed, 5 percent

rubbed; many medium and fine roots; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Oa2—8 to 45 inches; black (5YR 2/1) muck; about 10

percent fiber unrubbed, 2 percent rubbed;

common medium and fine roots; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Oa3—45 to 80 inches; black (N 2/0) muck; about 10

percent fiber unrubbed, 2 percent rubbed; very

strongly acid.

The combined thickness of the organic material

ranges from 51 to more than 80 inches. Reaction is

extremely acid or very strongly acid throughout the

profile.

The Oa horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3; or it is neutral in hue and

has value of 2 or 3. The content of fiber is generally

less than 30 percent unrubbed and less than 15

percent rubbed.

The 2Cg horizon, where present, is neutral in hue

and has value of 2.5 to 6; or it has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y,

or 5Y, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sand,

fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam,

fine sandy loam, clay, or their mucky analogues.

Duckston Series

The Duckston series consists of very deep, poorly

drained soils that formed in sandy marine sediments.

These soils are on flats and in swales between dunes.

They are on the barrier islands and adjacent to the

coastal beaches on the mainland. The seasonal high

water table is influenced by daily tidal fluctuations. In

most years, it is within a depth of 1/2 foot throughout

the year. Duckston soils are subject to occasional or

frequent flooding for brief periods throughout the year.

Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils are

siliceous, thermic Typic Psammaquents.

Duckston soils are geographically associated with

Corolla, Dirego, and Newhan soils. The somewhat

poorly drained Corolla and excessively drained

Newhan soils are in higher positions than the

Duckston soils on dunes adjacent to the Duckston

soils. The very poorly drained Dirego soils are in tidal

marshes and are organic soils.

Typical pedon of Duckston sand, frequently flooded;

in Big Lagoon State Recreation Area, about 2,670 feet

south and 670 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 13, T. 3 S., R. 32 W.

Oa—0 to 1 inch; black (10YR 2/1) muck; less than 5

percent fiber rubbed and unrubbed; common fine

roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

A—1 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand;

weak medium granular structure; very friable;

common fine roots; common medium faint very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) streaks of organic

stains; common thin streaks and pockets of light

gray (10YR 7/1) clean sand; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg1—4 to 12 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sand;
Escambia County, Florida 117

single grained; loose; many coarse faint pale

brown (10YR 6/3) masses of iron accumulation;

strong odor of hydrogen sulfide; slightly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—12 to 50 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sand;

single grained; loose; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg3—50 to 80 inches; white (10YR 8/2) sand; single

grained; loose; common black sand grains; slightly

acid.

The combined thickness of the sandy sediments is

more than 80 inches. Reaction ranges from extremely

acid to moderately alkaline throughout the profile.

Small fragments of mollusk shells are in some pedons.

The Oa horizon, or the Oe horizon where present,

has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or

2. It is less than 8 inches thick.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

5, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and has

value of 2.5 to 5.

The Cg horizon commonly has hue of 10YR to 5Y,

value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. In some pedons,

however, it has hue of 5GY, value of 5 or 6, and

chroma of 1. In some pedons, it has redoximorphic

accumulations in shades of yellow, olive, brown, and

red and redoximorphic depletions in shades of brown

and gray.

Emory Series

The Emory series consists of very deep, well

drained soils that formed in loamy sediments. These

soils are in shallow depressions on broad, nearly level

summits in the uplands. The seasonal high water table

is below a depth of 6 feet. Most areas, however, are

subject to ponding for 2 to 7 days following periods of

heavy rainfall. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent.

The Emory soils in this survey area are taxadjuncts

to the Emory series because they do not have the

high content of silt and dark surface colors that are

definitive for the series. These differences, however,

do not significantly affect the use, management, or

interpretations of the soils. The soils of the Emory

series are classified as fine-silty, siliceous, active,

thermic Fluventic Umbric Dystrochrepts. In this survey

area, the Emory soils are fine-loamy, siliceous,

subactive, thermic Rhodic Paleudults.

Emory soils are geographically associated with

Bama, Perdido, Poarch, and Red Bay soils. The Bama

and Red Bay soils are in slightly higher, more convex

positions than the Emory soils and are not subject to

ponding. The Perdido and Poarch soils are in higher,

more convex positions, are coarse-loamy, and have a

significant accumulation of plinthite in the lower part of

the subsoil.

Typical pedon of Emory fine sandy loam, ponded;

about 200 feet east and 600 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 14, T. 5 N., R. 32 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy

loam; moderate fine granular structure; very

friable; common medium roots and many fine and

very fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—10 to 15 inches; dusky red (10R 3/4) sandy clay

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common medium roots and many fine and

very fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—15 to 24 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; extremely acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt3—24 to 80 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; extremely acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid in the

Ap horizon, except in areas where lime has been

applied, and from extremely acid to strongly acid in the

Bt horizon.

The Ap horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of

3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The BA horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR

to 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is

sandy loam or sandy clay loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3,

and chroma of 4 to 6. It is commonly sandy clay loam;

in some pedons, however, it is sandy clay in the lower

part. Also, in some pedons, it has a thin subhorizon of

sandy loam in the upper part.

Escambia Series

The Escambia series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in loamy

sediments. These soils are in slightly convex positions

on broad, nearly level flats and summits. The seasonal

high water table is at a depth of 11/2 to 21/2 feet from

December through April in most years. Slopes range

from 0 to 2 percent. These soils are coarse-loamy,

siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults.

Escambia soils are geographically associated with

Grady, Notcher, Poarch, and Robertsdale soils. The

poorly drained Grady soils are in depressions and
118 Soil Survey

have a clayey argillic horizon. The moderately well

drained Notcher and well drained Poarch soils are in

slightly higher positions than the Escambia soils.

Robertsdale soils are in positions similar to those of

the Escambia soils and are fine-loamy.

Typical pedon of Escambia fine sandy loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes; about 415 feet north and 2,085

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 25, T. 1 S.,

R. 31 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2)

fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure;

very friable; common medium and fine roots; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—5 to 10 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sandy

loam; weak medium granular structure; very

friable; common medium and fine roots; common

medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt—10 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine roots; few

faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium

faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions; few medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation with

sharp boundaries throughout the matrix; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btv1—24 to 48 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; about 3 percent firm and brittle

masses of dark red (2.5YR 3/6) plinthite; common

medium faint very pale brown (10YR 7/4),

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8), and common medium faint brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; common

medium faint light gray (10YR 7/2) irregularly

shaped iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Btv2—48 to 60 inches; 35 percent light gray (10YR

7/2), 35 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and

30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) fine sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; common faint clay films on faces of

peds; about 7 percent firm and brittle masses of

dark red (2.5YR 3/6) plinthite; areas of brownish

yellow and strong brown are masses of iron

accumulation; areas of light gray are iron

depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Btv3—60 to 80 inches; 30 percent light gray (10YR

7/2), 25 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), 25

percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and 20 percent

red (2.5YR 5/8) fine sandy loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay

films on faces of peds; about 12 percent firm and

brittle masses of dark red (2.5YR 3/6) plinthite;

areas of brownish yellow, strong brown, and red

are masses of iron accumulation; areas of light

gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Depth to

horizons that have more than 5 percent plinthite

ranges from 20 to 48 inches. Reaction ranges from

extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile,

except for surface layer in areas where lime has been

applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, or loam.

The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR

or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. It has

few to many redoximorphic accumulations in shades

of yellow, olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic

depletions in shades of brown and gray. It is fine

sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam.

The lower part of the Bt horizon commonly has no

dominant matrix color and is multicolored in shades of

brown, gray, olive, and red; or it has hue of 10YR to

5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8. It has

common or many redoximorphic accumulations in

shades of brown, yellow, and olive and redoximorphic

depletions in shades of brown and gray. It is fine

sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam. The content of

plinthite ranges from 5 to about 25 percent, by volume.

Eunola Series

The Eunola series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils that formed in loamy and

sandy fluvial sediments. These soils are on low

terraces adjacent to major streams and rivers. The

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 11/2 to 21/2

feet from December through April in most years.

These soils are subject to occasional flooding. Slopes

range from 0 to 5 percent. These soils are fine-loamy,

siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults.

Eunola soils are geographically associated with

Albany, Izagora, Weston, and Yemassee soils. The

Albany, Izagora, and Yemassee soils are in positions

similar to those of the Eunola soils on low terraces.

The Albany soils are somewhat poorly drained and

have a thick, sandy epipedon. The Izagora soils do not

have a significant decrease in clay content within a

depth of 60 inches. The Yemassee soils are somewhat
Escambia County, Florida 119

poorly drained. The poorly drained Weston soils are in

shallow drainageways.

Typical pedon of Eunola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 625 feet

south of Fletcher Creek and 935 feet east of the

railroad tracks, in a wooded area near Cotton Lake

Road; about 1.25 miles east and 1.8 miles south of the

northwest corner of Spanish Land Grant 2, T. 3 N., R.

31 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy

loam; moderate medium granular structure; very

friable; common medium and fine roots; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

BE—5 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common medium and fine

roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—10 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay

films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—18 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint

clay films on faces of peds; common coarse

distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) and common

medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) areas of iron

depletion with sharp boundaries throughout the

matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—28 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on

faces of peds; common medium distinct very pale

brown (10YR 7/3) and common medium distinct

light gray (10YR 7/2) areas of iron depletion with

sharp boundaries throughout the matrix; strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt4—38 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on

faces of peds; common medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation;

common medium distinct very pale brown (10YR

7/3) and light gray (10YR 7/2) irregularly shaped

iron depletions with sharp boundaries throughout

the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C1—50 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loamy sand; massive; very friable; common

medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses

of iron accumulation with sharp boundaries

throughout the matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C2—58 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sand; single grained; loose; common medium

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation; common medium faint pale brown

(10YR 6/3) irregularly shaped iron depletions with

sharp boundaries throughout the matrix; strongly

acid.

The solum is more than 40 inches thick. Reaction is

very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the

profile, except for the surface layer in areas where

lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 4.

The BE horizon, which is present in most pedons,

has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and

chroma of 4 to 8. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam.

The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR

or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. The

quantity of redoximorphic accumulations in shades of

yellow, olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic

depletions in shades of brown and gray ranges from

none to common. The texture is sandy loam, sandy

clay loam, or clay loam.

The lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or it has no

dominant matrix color and is multicolored in shades of

brown, yellow, gray, and red. It has few to many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of brown,

yellow, or red and redoximorphic depletions in shades

of brown or gray. It is sandy clay loam, clay loam, or

sandy clay.

The 2C horizon has a range in color similar to that

of the lower part of the Bt horizon. The texture is sand,

loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. In many

pedons, the 2C horizon has strata of finer- and

coarser-textured sediments.

Foxworth Series

The Foxworth series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils that formed in sandy

sediments. These soils are on low ridges and on

knolls. They are in the coastal lowlands. The seasonal

high water table is at a depth of 31/2 to 6 feet from

December through April in most years. Slopes range

from 0 to 5 percent. These soils are thermic, coated

Typic Quartzipsamments.

Foxworth soils are geographically associated with

Albany, Hurricane, and Lakeland soils. The somewhat

poorly drained Albany and Hurricane soils are in

slightly lower positions than the Foxworth soils. The

Albany soils have a loamy argillic horizon within a

depth of 40 to 80 inches. The Hurricane soils have a
120 Soil Survey

spodic horizon below a depth of 50 inches. The

excessively drained Lakeland soils are in slightly

higher positions than the Foxworth soils.

Typical pedon of Foxworth sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes; about 50 feet north and 50 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 7, T. 3 S., R. 32 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sand; weak

fine granular structure; very friable; common

medium and fine roots; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

C1—6 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand;

single grained; loose; common medium and fine

roots; few thin streaks and fine pockets of

uncoated sand; very strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

C2—15 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sand; single grained; loose; few thin streaks and

fine pockets of uncoated sand; very strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

C3—45 to 55 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grained; loose; common medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation; few medium faint light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions with gradual

boundaries throughout the matrix; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C4—55 to 80 inches; white (10YR 8/2) sand; single

grained; loose; common medium prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation; very strongly acid.

Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly

acid throughout the profile, except in areas where lime

has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR,

value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3.

The upper part of the C horizon has hue of 7.5YR

or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. It is

sand or fine sand. The lower part has hue of 7.5YR or

10YR, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 6 and has

few or common redoximorphic accumulations in

shades of yellow, olive, brown, and red and

redoximorphic depletions in shades of brown and gray.

It is sand or fine sand.

Garcon Series

The Garcon series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in sandy

and loamy fluvial sediments. These soils are on low

terraces adjacent to major streams and rivers. The

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 11/2 to 3 feet

from December through April in most years. These

soils are subject to occasional flooding. Slopes

commonly are less than 2 percent but range from 0 to

5 percent. These soils are loamy, siliceous,

semiactive, thermic Aquic Arenic Hapludults.

Garcon soils are geographically associated with

Fluvaquents and Bigbee, Mantachie, and Yemassee

soils. Bigbee soils are on high parts of natural levees

and are sandy throughout the profile. The very poorly

drained Fluvaquents and the loamy Mantachie soils

are on flood plains adjacent to the Garcon soils. The

Yemassee soils are in positions similar to those of the

Garcon soils and do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical pedon of Garcon loamy fine sand, in an

area of Garcon-Bigbee-Yemassee complex, 0 to 5

percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 2,100 feet

north and 2,700 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 3, T. 1 S., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; common medium and fine roots; strongly

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

E1—5 to 14 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine roots; few fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

E2—14 to 27 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation; common medium

distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) irregularly shaped

iron depletions with sharp boundaries throughout

the matrix; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—27 to 38 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) fine

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation;

common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2)

irregularly shaped iron depletions with diffuse

boundaries throughout the matrix; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Btg1—38 to 47 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on

faces of peds; many medium faint light gray

(10YR 7/2) and gray (10YR 5/1) irregularly shaped

iron depletions with diffuse boundaries; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

and common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation with

diffuse boundaries; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.
Escambia County, Florida 121

Btg2—47 to 57 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; many medium faint light gray (10YR 7/2)

and gray (10YR 5/1) irregularly shaped iron

depletions with diffuse boundaries; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

and common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation with

diffuse boundaries; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg—57 to 80 inches; white (10YR 8/1) fine sand;

single grained; loose; common medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron

accumulation with diffuse boundaries throughout

the matrix; strongly acid.

The solum ranges from 45 to 60 inches in

thickness. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly

acid throughout the profile, except in areas where lime

has been applied.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and

chroma of 1 or 2.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. It has few or common

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of brown,

yellow, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is fine sand, loamy fine

sand, or loamy sand.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It has few or common

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of brown,

yellow, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy clay loam.

The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has common or many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of brown,

yellow, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy clay loam.

The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6

to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has few to many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of brown,

yellow, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is sand or fine sand.

Grady Series

The Grady series consists of very deep, poorly

drained soils that formed in clayey sediments. These

soils are in depressions on broad, nearly level

summits in the uplands. The seasonal high water table

ranges from 2 feet above the surface to a depth of 1

foot from December through July in most years,

except in areas that have been drained. Slopes are 0

to 1 percent. These soils are fine, kaolinitic, thermic

Typic Paleaquults.

Grady soils are geographically associated with

Bama, Escambia, Malbis, and Red Bay soils. The well

drained Bama, Malbis, and Red Bay soils are on

convex summits at slightly higher elevations than the

Grady soils. The somewhat poorly drained Escambia

soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than

the Grady soils and are coarse-loamy.

Typical pedon of Grady loam; about 2,700 feet

south and 2,580 feet west of the northeast corner of

Spanish Land Grant 38, T. 1 S., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common medium and fine roots; very strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

BE—5 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common fine prominent

reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses of iron

accumulation with gradual boundaries; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—11 to 26 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

masses of iron accumulation with sharp

boundaries; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Btg2—26 to 47 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

clay; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation with

sharp boundaries; many medium faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions with

diffuse boundaries throughout the matrix; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg3—47 to 54 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

clay; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; common medium faint light gray (5Y 7/2)

irregularly shaped iron depletions with clear

boundaries throughout the matrix; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg4—54 to 80 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many

medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and

common medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4)

masses of iron accumulation with sharp

boundaries; very strongly acid.
122 Soil Survey

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid throughout

the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where

lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value

of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue

and has value of 2 to 4.

The Eg horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR to

5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy

loam, fine sandy loam, or loam.

The BE horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR to

5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is

neutral in hue and has value of 4 to 6. It is sandy clay

loam or clay loam.

The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4

to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and

has value of 4 to 7. It has few to many redoximorphic

accumulations in shades of brown, yellow, or red and

redoximorphic depletions in shades of gray. It is clay

or sandy clay.

Hurricane Series

The Hurricane series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in sandy

sediments. These soils are on broad ridges and knolls

in the coastal lowlands and on low terraces adjacent

to major streams and rivers. The seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 11/2 to 31/2 feet from December

through April in most years. The areas on the low

terraces are subject to occasional flooding. Slopes

range from 0 to 5 percent. These soils are sandy,

siliceous, thermic Oxyaquic Alorthods.

Hurricane soils are geographically associated

with Albany, Allanton, Foxworth, Leon, and

Pottsburg soils. The Albany soils are in positions

similar to those of the Hurricane soils on terraces

and do not have a spodic horizon. The very poorly

drained Allanton and poorly drained Pottsburg soils

are on flats in slightly lower positions than the

Hurricane soils. The moderately well drained

Foxworth soils are on higher, more convex knolls

than the Hurricane soils and do not have a spodic

horizon. The poorly drained Leon soils are in areas

of flatwoods and have a spodic horizon within a

depth of 30 inches.

Typical pedon of Hurricane sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes; about 750 feet west and 2,375 feet south of

the northeast corner of sec. 13, T. 3 S., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common fine and very fine roots; strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

E1—5 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand;

single grained; loose; very friable; few fine roots;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

E2—24 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sand; single grained; loose; common medium

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation; common medium distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions with

clear boundaries throughout the matrix; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Eg1—38 to 45 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sand;

single grained; loose; common medium faint pale

brown (10YR 6/3) and common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation with clear boundaries throughout the

matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Eg2—45 to 58 inches; white (10YR 8/2) sand; single

grained; loose; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bh1—58 to 68 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2)

sand; massive; very friable; about 80 percent of

the sand grains are coated with organic matter;

very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bh2—68 to 80 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2)

sand; massive; very friable; about 95 percent of

the sand grains are coated with organic matter;

very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout the profile, except in areas where lime has

been applied.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

to 8, and chroma of 2 to 6. In some pedons, it has

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red below a depth of 24 inches. It is

sand or fine sand.

The Eg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. The quantity of

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red ranges from none to common.

The texture is sand or fine sand.

The Bh horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 2

to 4, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is sand, fine sand, or

loamy sand. In some pedons, it is weakly cemented.

Iuka Series

The Iuka series consists of very deep, moderately

well drained soils that formed in stratified loamy and

sandy alluvium. These soils are on the high and

intermediate parts of natural levees along flood plains.
Escambia County, Florida 123

The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1 to 3

feet from December through April in most years.

These soils are subject to frequent flooding of brief

duration. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. These

soils are coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic

Aquic Udifluvents.

Iuka soils are geographically associated with

Fluvaquents and Bigbee, Eunola, and Mantachie soils.

The Bigbee soils are on the higher parts of the natural

levees and are sandy throughout the profile. The

Eunola soils are on low terraces adjacent to the Iuka

soils and have a loamy argillic horizon. The very

poorly drained Fluvaquents and the somewhat poorly

drained Mantachie soils are on the lower parts of the

flood plain.

Typical pedon of Iuka fine sandy loam, frequently

flooded; about 2,670 feet east and 1,585 feet north of

the southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 2 N., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—9 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; massive; very friable; common fine

roots; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

C2—20 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sandy loam; massive; very friable; few thin

strata of loamy fine sand; common fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and pale brown

(10YR 6/3) iron depletions with clear

boundaries throughout the matrix; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C3—32 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sandy loam; massive; very friable; few thin

strata of sand and loamy sand; common

medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions; common medium prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation with clear boundaries throughout

the matrix; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C4—58 to 80 inches; 20 percent light gray (10YR 7/1),

20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), 20

percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), 20 percent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and 20 percent red

(2.5YR 4/8) sandy loam; massive; very friable;

common thin strata of sand and loamy sand;

areas of light gray and light brownish gray are iron

depletions; areas of brownish yellow, yellowish

red, and red are masses of iron accumulation;

very strongly acid.

Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly

acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer

in areas where lime has been applied.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3

or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The upper part of the C horizon has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. It has few

or common redoximorphic accumulations in shades of

yellow, olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic

depletions in shades of brown and gray. It is fine

sandy loam or sandy loam. The quantity of thin strata

of finer- or coarser-textured sediments ranges from

none to common.

The lower part of the C horizon has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8; or it does

not have a dominant matrix color and is multicolored in

shades of brown, yellow, and red. It is fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand. It has few or

common thin strata of finer- or coarser-textured

sediments.

The Cg horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine

sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand. It has few or

common thin strata of finer- or coarser-textured

sediments.

Izagora Series

The Izagora series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils that formed in loamy and

clayey sediments. These soils are on low terraces

adjacent to major streams and rivers. The seasonal

high water table is at a depth of 11/2 to 21/2 feet from

December through April. These soils are subject to

occasional flooding. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

These soils are fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

thermic Aquic Paleudults.

Izagora soils are geographically associated with

Dorovan, Eunola, Yemassee, and Weston soils. The

very poorly drained Dorovan soils are in deep sloughs

or other depressions and are organic soils. The

Eunola soils are in positions similar those of the

Izagora soils and have sandy substrata within a depth

of 60 inches. The poorly drained Weston and

somewhat poorly drained Yemassee soils are in the

slightly lower, less convex positions on the terraces.

Typical pedon of Izagora fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 500 feet

east and 170 feet south of the northwest corner of

sec. 3, T. 5 N., R. 30 W.

Ap1—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) fine

sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very
124 Soil Survey

friable; common medium, fine, and very fine roots;

very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Ap2—4 to 8 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; weak medium granular structure;

very friable; common medium, fine, and very fine

roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—8 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) fine

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine and very fine

roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—10 to 18 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—18 to 28 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8)

masses of iron accumulation; few fine faint light

gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions with clear

boundaries throughout the matrix; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—28 to 80 inches; 30 percent light gray (10YR

7/1), 30 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), 20

percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and 20 percent

red (2.5YR 4/8) clay loam; weak coarse prisms

that part to moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; common thin clay films on faces of

peds; areas of brownish yellow, strong brown, and

red are masses of iron accumulation; areas of

light gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid

throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in

areas where lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4.

The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is fine

sandy loam or loam.

The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR

or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. The

quantity of redoximorphic accumulations in shades of

brown and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray ranges from none to

common. The texture is loam or clay loam.

The lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8; or it does

not have a dominant matrix color and is multicolored in

shades of brown, yellow, and red. It has common or

many redoximorphic accumulations in shades of

brown and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is clay loam or clay.

Kureb series

The Kureb series consists of very deep,

excessively drained soils that formed in sandy marine

sediments. These soils are on low ridges and knolls

and on old dunes. They are in the coastal lowlands.

The seasonal high water table is below a depth of 6

feet throughout the year. Slopes range from 0 to 12

percent. These soils are thermic, uncoated Spodic

Quartzipsamments.

Kureb soils are geographically associated with

Corolla, Duckston, Lakeland, Newhan, and Resota

soils. The somewhat poorly drained Corolla and poorly

drained Duckston soils are in lower positions than the

Kureb soils. The Lakeland soils are in positions similar

to those of the Kureb soils and do not have spodic

materials within the profile. The Newhan soils are on

the less stable dunes that are affected by salt spray

and do not have spodic materials within the profile.

The moderately well drained Resota soils are in lower

positions than the Kureb soils.

Typical pedon of Kureb sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes;

about 1,600 feet south and 2,900 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 23, T. 3 S., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand;

single grained; loose; common medium and fine

roots; many uncoated sand grains; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

E—3 to 19 inches; white (N 8/0) sand; single grained;

loose; common medium and fine roots; strongly

acid; clear irregular boundary.

C/Bh—19 to 36 inches; 70 percent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) sand (C); single grained; loose; few

streaks of white (N 8/0) sand; 30 percent dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand (Bh) in thin bands at the

horizon contact and bordering the streaks of white

sand; single grained; loose; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—36 to 50 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

sand; single grained; loose; strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

C2—50 to 80 inches; yellow (10YR 7/8) sand; single

grained; loose; strongly acid.

Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly

acid throughout the profile.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and

chroma of 1 or 2.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

to 8, and chroma of 1 to 3; or it is neutral in hue and

has value of 8. It is fine sand or sand.

The Bh part of the C/Bh horizon has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is fine

sand or sand.
Escambia County, Florida 125

Figure 11.—Profile of Lakeland sand. The shovel is 42 inches

long.

Figure 10.—Profile of Albany sand. A loamy argillic horizon is

at a depth of about 54 inches. The shovel is 42 inches

long.
126 Soil Survey

Figure 12.—Profile of Leon sand. A dark-colored spodic

horizon is at a depth of about 24 inches. The shovel is 42

inches long.

Figure 13.—Profile of Lucy loamy sand. A loamy kandic

horizon begins at a depth of about 33 inches. Depth is

marked in feet.
Escambia County, Florida 127

Figure 15.—Profile of a Pottsburg soil. A spodic horizon is at a

depth of about 52 inches. Depth is marked in meters and

feet.

Figure 14.—Profile of Pelham loamy sand. A loamy argillic

horizon begins at a depth of about 30 inches. Depth is

marked in meters and feet.
128 Soil Survey

Figure 16.—Profile of Resota sand. The shovel is 42 inches

long.

Figure 17.—Profile of Troup sand. A loamy kandic horizon

begins at a depth of about 60 inches. The shovel is 42

inches long.
Escambia County, Florida 129

The C horizon and the C part of the C/Bh horizon

have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma

of 1 to 8. The quantity of redoximorphic accumulations

in shades of yellow, olive, brown, and red ranges from

none to common. The texture is fine sand or sand. In

many pedons, the C horizon and the C part of the C/

Bh horizon have streaks of clean or uncoated sand.

Lakeland Series

The Lakeland series consists of very deep,

excessively drained soils that formed in sandy marine

sediments. These soils are on the summits and side

slopes of ridges in the uplands and on low ridges and

knolls in the coastal lowlands. The seasonal high

water table is below a depth of 6 feet throughout the

year. Slopes range from 0 to 12 percent. These soils

are thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments.

Lakeland soils are geographically associated with

Albany, Bonifay, Foxworth, Poarch, and Troup soils.

The somewhat poorly drained Albany soils are on

toeslopes and terraces and have a loamy argillic

horizon within a depth of 40 to 80 inches. The Bonifay

and Troup soils are in positions similar to those of the

Lakeland soils and have a loamy argillic horizon within

a depth of 40 to 80 inches. The moderately well

drained Foxworth soils are in positions similar to those

of the Lakeland soils but are at lower elevations. The

Poarch soils are on summits or side slopes at slightly

higher elevations than the Lakeland soils and are fineloamy.

Typical pedon of Lakeland sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes (fig. 11); about 1,100 feet south and 80 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 13, T. 2 S., R.

30 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common medium and fine roots; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

C1—5 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand;

single grained; loose; common medium and fine

roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—15 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sand; single grained; loose; few streaks of clean

sand; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C3—58 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

sand; single grained; loose; common streaks and

pockets of clean sand; strongly acid.

Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to

moderately acid throughout the profile, except in areas

where lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to

5, and chroma of 1 to 4.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7,

and chroma of 3 to 8; or it has hue of 7.5YR, value of

5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8. In most pedons, it has

streaks and pockets of clean sand.

Leon Series

The Leon series consists of very deep, poorly

drained soils that formed in sandy marine sediments.

These soils are in convex or concave positions in

areas of flatwoods in the coastal lowlands. The

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1/2 to 11/2 feet

from December through April in most years. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils are sandy,

siliceous, thermic Aeric Alaquods.

Leon soils are geographically associated with

Allanton, Croatan, Hurricane, Pickney, and Pottsburg

soils. The very poorly drained Allanton, Croatan, and

Pickney soils are in flats and depressions at slightly

lower elevations than the Leon soils. The Allanton soils

do not have a spodic horizon within a depth of 30

inches. The Croatan soils are organic soils. The

Pickney soils have an umbric epipedon. The

somewhat poorly drained Hurricane soils are in slightly

higher positions than the Leon soils and do not have a

spodic horizon within a depth of 30 inches. The

Pottsburg soils are in positions similar to those of the

Leon soils and do not have a spodic horizon within a

depth of 30 inches.

Typical pedon of Leon sand (fig. 12); about 500 feet

south and 170 feet east of the northwest corner of

Spanish Land Grant 17, T. 3 S., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand; weak

fine granular structure; very friable; many medium

and fine roots; many clean sand grains; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Eg1—5 to 12 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sand; single

grained; loose; common medium and fine roots;

very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Eg2—12 to 18 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sand; single

grained; loose; few fine roots; common medium

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses

of iron accumulation; common faint streaks of gray

(10YR 5/1) clean sand; very strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bh1—18 to 22 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2)

sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

very friable; more than 95 percent of the sand

grains are coated with organic matter; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bh2—22 to 26 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) sand;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very

friable; more than 90 percent of the sand grains
130 Soil Survey

are coated with organic matter; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

E ́g1—26 to 38 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sand; single grained; loose; common medium

distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organic stains in

root channels; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

E ́g2—38 to 65 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

sand; single grained; loose; common coarse faint

pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of iron

accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

B ́h—65 to 80 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

very friable; more than 90 percent of the sand

grains are coated with organic matter; common

medium faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions; very strongly acid.

Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid

throughout the profile.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and

chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and has value

of 2 to 4.

The Eg and E ́g horizons have hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. They are

sand or fine sand.

The Bh and B ́h horizons have hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. They are

sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.

The C horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 6. It is sand

or fine sand.

Lucy Series

The Lucy series consists of very deep, well drained

soils that formed in sandy and loamy sediments.

These soils are on summits, shoulder slopes, and side

slopes of ridges in the uplands. The seasonal high

water table is below a depth of 6 feet throughout the

year. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. These soils

are loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Kandiudults.

Lucy soils are geographically associated with

Bama, Bonifay, Cowarts, Perdido, and Troup soils.

The Bama soils are on summits at slightly higher

elevations than the Lucy soils and do not have a thick,

sandy epipedon. The Bonifay and Troup soils are in

positions similar to those of the Lucy soils and have

sandy epipedons that range from 40 to 80 inches in

thickness. The Cowarts and Perdido soils commonly

are in the lower positions on side slopes and do not

have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical pedon of Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes (fig. 13); about 2,335 feet north and 2,670

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 21, T. 2 N.,

R. 31 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak

medium granular structure; very friable; many

medium, fine, and very fine roots; strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

E1—6 to 20 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy sand;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common medium and fine roots; strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

E2—20 to 26 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few medium and fine roots; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—26 to 38 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few medium and fine roots; few faint clay films on

faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt2—38 to 65 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium subangular structure;

friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—65 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. The

combined thickness of the sandy layers ranges from

20 to 40 inches. Reaction ranges from very strongly

acid to moderately acid in the A and E horizons,

except where lime has been applied, and is very

strongly acid or strongly acid in the Bt horizon. The

content of rounded quartz pebbles, ironstone nodules,

or both ranges from 0 to 10 percent, by volume.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR,

value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand, loamy sand, or

loamy fine sand.

The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4

or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8. In some pedons, it has

redoximorphic features in shades of brown and gray in

the lower part. These features are assumed to be

relict and are not reflective of current hydrology. The

texture is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.

Malbis Series

The Malbis series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils that formed in loamy

sediments. These soils are on summits and shoulder

slopes in the uplands. The seasonal high water table
Escambia County, Florida 131

is at a depth of 21

/2 to 4 feet from December through

April in most years. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent.

These soils are fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive,

thermic Plinthic Paleudults.

Malbis soils are geographically associated with

Bama, Escambia, Grady, Notcher, and Poarch soils.

The Bama, Notcher, and Poarch soils are in positions

similar to those of the Malbis soils. The Bama soils

have a reddish argillic horizon and do not have a

significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The

Notcher soils have more than 5 percent ironstone

nodules throughout. The Poarch soils are coarseloamy. The somewhat poorly drained Escambia soils

are in slightly lower positions than the Malbis soils and

are coarse-loamy. The poorly drained Grady soils are

in depressions.

Typical pedon of Malbis sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes; about 1,875 feet east and 50 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 2, T. 2 S., R. 31 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy

loam; moderate medium granular structure; very

friable; many medium, fine, and very fine roots;

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt—7 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few medium and common fine roots; few faint clay

films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Btv1—22 to 37 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces

of peds; about 8 percent firm and brittle masses of

plinthite; common medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation;

common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) iron

depletions with sharp boundaries throughout the

matrix; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btv2—37 to 50 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces

of peds; about 12 percent firm and brittle masses

of plinthite; common medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation;

common medium distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) and

brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions with sharp

boundaries throughout the matrix; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btv3—50 to 62 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces

of peds; about 10 percent firm and brittle

masses of plinthite; many medium prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and many medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of

iron accumulation; many medium distinct light

gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions with sharp

boundaries throughout the matrix; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—62 to 80 inches; 25 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4), 25 percent light gray (10YR 7/2), 20

percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), 15 percent red

(2.5YR 4/8), and 15 percent pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3)

clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; areas of yellowish brown, strong

brown, and red are masses of iron accumulation;

areas of light gray are iron depletions; very

strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer, except in areas where lime has

been applied, and is very strongly acid or strongly acid

in the subsoil.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. The quantity of

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of brown or

red is none or few. The texture is loam, sandy clay

loam, or clay loam.

The upper part of the Btv horizon has hue of 10YR

or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It has

few or common redoximorphic accumulations in

shades of yellow, olive, brown, and red. It has few to

many redoximorphic depletions in shades of gray

below a depth of 30 inches. It is sandy clay loam or

clay loam.

The lower part of the Btv horizon has a range in

color similar to that of the upper part; or it has no

dominant matrix color and is multicolored in shades of

brown, yellow, red, and gray. It is loam, clay loam, or

sandy clay loam. The content of plinthite ranges from

5 to 15 percent, by volume, in the Btv horizon.

The BC horizon, where present, has no dominant

matrix color and is multicolored in shades of brown,

yellow, red, and gray. It is clay loam, sandy clay loam,

or clay.

Mantachie Series

The Mantachie series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in loamy

alluvium. These soils are on the lower parts of natural

levees and the higher parts of backswamps on flood

plains along major streams and rivers. The seasonal

high water table is at a depth of 1 to 11/2 feet from

December through April in most years. These soils are

subject to frequent flooding. Slopes range from 0 to 2
132 Soil Survey

percent. These soils are fine-loamy, siliceous, active,

acid, thermic Aeric Endoaquepts.

Mantachie soils are geographically associated

with Fluvaquents and Bigbee, Dorovan, Eunola, and

Iuka soils. The Bigbee soils are on the highest parts

of the natural levees and are sandy throughout. The

very poorly drained Dorovan soils and Fluvaquents

are in depressions on the flood plains. The

moderately well drained Eunola soils are on low

terraces and have a loamy argillic horizon. The

moderately well drained Iuka soils are on the

slightly higher parts of the natural levees and are

coarse-loamy.

Typical pedon of Mantachie loam, in an area of

Mantachie-Fluvaquents-Bigbee complex, frequently

flooded; on the flood plains along the Escambia River,

about 670 feet north and 1,670 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 35, T. 6 N., R. 30 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak

medium granular structure; friable; common

medium roots and many fine roots; few medium

and fine concretions of iron and manganese

oxides; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw—6 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

medium and fine roots; few medium and fine

concretions of iron and manganese oxides; few

fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses

of iron accumulation; few fine faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bg1—11 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common medium and fine

concretions of iron and manganese oxides;

common fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation with gradual

boundaries throughout the matrix; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bg2—26 to 55 inches; 50 percent gray (10YR 6/1), 20

percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), 20 percent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and 10 percent reddish

brown (5YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; areas of gray

are iron depletions; areas of brownish yellow,

strong brown, and reddish brown are masses of

iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg—55 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; massive;

friable; many fine and medium prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/8), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and

reddish brown (5YR 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation; strongly acid.

The solum ranges from 30 to 65 inches in

thickness. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly

acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer

in areas where lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The Bw horizon commonly has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. In some

pedons, however, it does not have a dominant matrix

color and is multicolored in shades of brown, yellow,

gray, and red. It has few to many redoximorphic

accumulations in shades of yellow, olive, brown, and

red and redoximorphic depletions in shades of gray. It

is loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam.

The Bg horizon commonly has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2 and has

few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of

yellow, olive, brown, and red. In some pedons,

however, it does not have a dominant matrix color and

is multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, gray, and

red. It is loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam.

The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4

to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2 and has few to many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red. It is clay loam, sandy clay loam,

loam, or sandy loam.

Maubila Series

The Maubila series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils that formed in clayey

marine sediments. These soils are on summits,

shoulder slopes, and side slopes in the uplands. The

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 2 to 31/2 feet

from December through April in most years. Slopes

range from 2 to 12 percent. These soils are fine,

mixed, subactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults.

Maubila soils are geographically associated with

Cowarts, Notcher, Perdido, Poarch, and Troup soils.

The Cowarts, Notcher, Perdido, and Troup soils are in

positions similar to those of the Maubila soils. The

Cowarts soils are fine-loamy. The Notcher soils are

fine-loamy and have a significant accumulation of

plinthite in the subsoil. The Perdido soils are coarseloamy. The Troup soils have a thick, sandy epipedon.

The Poarch soils are on higher summits than the

Maubila soils and are coarse-loamy.

Typical pedon of Maubila gravelly fine sandy loam,

in an area of Notcher-Maubila complex, 2 to 5 percent

slopes; about 170 feet south and 1,835 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 4 N., R. 31 W.

Ap—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine granular
Escambia County, Florida 133

structure; very friable; many medium, fine, and

very fine roots; 20 percent, by volume, fine and

medium nodules of ironstone; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sandy loam; weak fine granular structure;

common medium and fine roots; 8 percent, by

volume, fine and medium nodules of ironstone;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—9 to 16 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) clay

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

few medium and fine roots; few faint clay films on

faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—16 to 32 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay

films on faces of peds; common fine and medium

reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) and red (2.5YR 4/8)

masses of iron accumulation; few medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—32 to 54 inches; 30 percent reddish yellow

(7.5YR 6/8), 30 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8),

20 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), and 20 percent light

gray (10YR 7/1) clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint

clay films on faces of peds; areas of reddish

yellow, yellowish red, and red are masses of iron

accumulation; areas of light gray are iron

depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

BC—54 to 80 inches; 25 percent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8), 25 percent reddish yellow (7.5YR

6/8), 25 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and 25

percent light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay loam;

massive; firm; areas of brownish yellow, reddish

yellow, and yellowish red are masses of iron

accumulation; areas of light gray are iron

depletions; very strongly acid.

The solum ranges from 40 to 60 inches in

thickness. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to

strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the

surface layer in areas where lime has been applied.

The content of coarse fragments, mainly nodules or

channers of ironstone, ranges from 5 to 25 percent, by

volume, in the A and E horizons and is less than 15

percent, by volume, in the Bt, BC, and C horizons.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR,

value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR,

value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loamy sand,

loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, loam, or their

gravelly analogues.

The upper part of the Bt horizon commonly has hue

of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 to

8. It has few or common redoximorphic accumulations

in shades of yellow, olive, brown, and red and

redoximorphic depletions in shades of brown and gray.

The texture commonly is clay loam or clay. In some

pedons, however, it is sandy clay loam.

The lower part of the Bt horizon has a range in

color similar to that of the upper part, or it does not

have a dominant matrix color and is multicolored in

shades of brown, yellow, gray, and red. It has common

or many redoximorphic accumulations in shades of

yellow, olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic

depletions in shades of brown and gray. It is clay

loam, clay, or silty clay.

The BC horizon, where present, typically does not

have a dominant matrix color and is multicolored in

shades of brown, yellow, gray, and red. It is sandy clay

loam, clay loam, or clay. The quantity of thin strata or

pockets of finer- or coarser-textured sediments ranges

from none to common.

The C horizon, where present, has the same range

in color as the BC horizon. It is firm or very firm and is

massive. It is clay loam, clay, silty clay, or sandy clay

loam. Most pedons have one or more thin,

discontinuous strata of ironstone and thin strata or

pockets of finer- or coarser-textured sediments.

Newhan Series

The Newhan series consists of very deep,

excessively drained soils that formed in thick deposits

of marine sands that have been reworked by wind and

wave action. These soils are on dunes on the barrier

islands and adjacent to the coastal beaches on the

mainland. The seasonal high water table is below a

depth of 6 feet throughout the year. Slopes range from

2 to 12 percent. These soils are thermic, uncoated

Typic Quartzipsamments.

Newhan soils are geographically associated with

Corolla, Dirego, Duckston, Kureb, and Resota soils.

The somewhat poorly drained Corolla soils are on the

lower parts of dunes and in shallow swales between

dunes. The very poorly drained Dirego soils are in tidal

marshes and have a thick histic horizon. The poorly

drained Duckston soils are on flats and in swales

between dunes. The Kureb and Resota soils are on

dunes and knolls that are not subject to salt spray. The

Kureb soils have discontinuous spodic horizons. The

Resota soils are moderately well drained.

Typical pedon of Newhan sand, in an area of

Newhan-Corolla complex, rolling, rarely flooded; about

2,500 feet south and 4,850 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 34, T. 3 S., R. 32 W.
134 Soil Survey

A—0 to 3 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sand; single

grained; loose; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—3 to 22 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sand; single

grained; loose; few fine roots; common black sand

grains; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—22 to 80 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sand; single

grained; loose; common black sand grains; slightly

acid.

The combined thickness of the sandy sediments is

more than 80 inches. Reaction ranges from extremely

acid to slightly alkaline. Up to 35 percent, by volume,

of the soil is fragments of mollusk shell, mostly of sand

size. In most pedons, dark sand grains of ilmenite are

throughout the profile.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4

to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sand or fine sand.

Notcher Series

The Notcher series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils that formed in loamy

sediments. These soils are on summits, shoulder

slopes, and side slopes in the uplands. The seasonal

high water table is at a depth of 3 to 4 feet from

December through April in most years. Slopes range

from 0 to 12 percent. These soils are fine-loamy,

siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults.

Notcher soils are geographically associated with

Bama, Grady, Malbis, Maubila, and Robertsdale soils.

The Bama and Malbis soils are in positions similar to

those of the Notcher soils. The Bama soils have a

reddish argillic horizon and do not have a significant

accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The Malbis

soils have less than 5 percent, by volume, nodules of

ironstone throughout. The poorly drained Grady soils

are in depressions. The Maubila soils are on side

slopes and have a clayey argillic horizon. The

somewhat poorly drained Robertsdale soils are in

slightly lower positions than the Notcher soils.

Typical pedon of Notcher fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes; about 1,670 feet east and 2,250

feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 33, T. 3

N., R. 31 W.

Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine

sandy loam; moderate fine granular structure; very

friable; common medium, fine, and very fine roots;

about 5 percent, by volume, fine and medium

nodules of ironstone; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

EB—5 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine

sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common medium and fine

roots; about 7 percent, by volume, medium

nodules of ironstone; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Btc1—12 to 20 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; about 10 percent, by volume, fine and

medium nodules of ironstone; very strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Btc2—20 to 34 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

gravelly sandy clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay

films on faces of peds; about 20 percent, by

volume, fine and medium nodules of ironstone;

few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8)

masses of iron accumulation; few fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btv1—34 to 48 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

gravelly sandy clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay

films on faces of peds; about 20 percent, by

volume, fine and medium nodules of ironstone;

about 5 percent, by volume, firm and brittle

masses of plinthite; few medium prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 5/8)

masses of iron accumulation with clear

boundaries throughout the matrix; few fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btv2—48 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces

of peds; about 10 percent, by volume, fine and

medium nodules of ironstone; about 7 percent, by

volume, firm and brittle masses of plinthite;

common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2)

iron depletions with sharp boundaries throughout

the matrix; common medium prominent reddish

yellow (5YR 6/8) and red (2.5YR 5/8) masses of

iron accumulation with clear boundaries

throughout the matrix; very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer, except where lime has been applied,

and is very strongly acid or strongly acid in the

subsoil. The content of nodules of ironstone, ranging

from 0.25 to 2 inches in diameter, is 5 to 25 percent,

by volume, in the A, E, EB, and Btc horizons.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3.

The EB or BE horizon, where present, has hue of
Escambia County, Florida 135

10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. It is sandy

loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or their gravelly

analogues.

The Btc horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value

of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It has few or common

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is sandy clay loam, clay

loam, loam, or their gravelly analogues.

The Btv horizon dominantly has a range in color

similar to that of the Btc horizon or has hue of 2.5YR

or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. In some

pedons, however, the lower part of the horizon has no

dominant matrix color and is multicolored in shades of

red, brown, yellow, and gray. The texture is sandy clay

loam, clay loam, loam, or their gravelly analogues.

Pelham Series

The Pelham series consists of very deep, poorly

drained soils that formed in sandy and loamy

sediments. These soils are on flats in the coastal

lowlands and in slightly depressional positions on low

stream terraces. The seasonal high water table is

within a depth of 1/2 foot from December through April

in most years. Areas on low terraces are subject to

occasional flooding. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

These soils are loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic

Arenic Paleaquults.

Pelham soils are geographically associated with

Albany, Dorovan, Escambia, and Yemassee soils. The

somewhat poorly drained Albany and Escambia soils

are in slightly higher positions than the Pelham soils.

The Albany soils have a sandy epipedon that is 40 to

80 inches thick. The Escambia soils do not have a

thick, sandy epipedon. The very poorly drained

Dorovan soils are in depressions and have a thick

histic epipedon. The somewhat poorly drained

Yemassee soils are in positions similar to those of the

Pelham soils on low terraces and do not have a thick,

sandy epipedon.

Typical pedon of Pelham loamy sand, 0 to 2

percent slopes (fig. 14); about 2,500 feet north and

2,500 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 29, T. 3

N., R. 32 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many medium and fine roots; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Eg1—5 to 20 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loamy sand;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few medium and fine roots; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation

with clear boundaries throughout the matrix; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Eg2—20 to 35 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loamy sand;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation with

sharp boundaries throughout the matrix; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg1—35 to 58 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation with gradual boundaries throughout

the matrix; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Btg2—58 to 80 inches; 55 percent gray (10YR 6/1)

and 45 percent light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds;

common coarse prominent yellow (10YR 7/6) and

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation with sharp boundaries throughout

the matrix; very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. The

combined thickness of the sandy layers ranges from

20 to 40 inches. Reaction ranges from extremely acid

to strongly acid throughout the profile, except in areas

where lime has been applied.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 to

5, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and has

value of 2 to 4.

The Eg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4

to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. The quantity of

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red ranges from none to common.

The texture is loamy sand, sand, or fine sand.

The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5

to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and

has value of 5 to 7. It has few to many redoximorphic

accumulations in shades of yellow, olive, brown, and

red and redoximorphic depletions in shades of brown

and gray. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy

clay loam.

Perdido Series

The Perdido series consists of very deep, well

drained soils that formed in loamy sediments. These

soils are on summits, shoulder slopes, and side

slopes in the uplands. The seasonal high water table

is at a depth of 4 to 6 feet from December through
136 Soil Survey

April in most years. Slopes range from 0 to 35

percent. These soils are coarse-loamy, siliceous,

subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults.

Perdido soils are geographically associated with

Lucy, Maubila, Notcher, Poarch, and Troup soils. The

Lucy soils are in higher positions than the Perdido

soils and have a thick, sandy epipedon. The Maubila

soils are in lower positions than the Perdido soils and

have a clayey argillic horizon. The Notcher, Poarch,

and Troup soils are in positions similar to those of the

Perdido soils. The Notcher soils are fine-loamy and

have brownish colors in the subsoil. The Poarch soils

have brownish colors in the subsoil. The Troup soils

have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical pedon of Perdido sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes; about 100 feet north and 100 feet west

of the intersection of County Highway 4 and Raines

Road; about 1,420 feet south and 50 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 10, T. 5 N., R. 31 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

sandy loam; moderate medium granular structure;

friable; common medium, fine, and very fine roots;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 27 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common medium and fine roots; few faint

clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—27 to 45 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common faint clay films on

faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btv—45 to 57 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about

10 percent, by volume, firm and brittle masses of

plinthite; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6)

masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

B ́t1—57 to 72 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

B ́t2—72 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; common

medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses

of iron accumulation; few fine distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) iron depletions; strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction is

very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the

profile, except for the surface layer in areas where

lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR,

value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The E horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR or

10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is fine

sandy loam or sandy loam.

The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or

7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is

sandy loam or fine sandy loam. The lower part has

hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of

6 to 8. It is sandy loam or sandy clay loam.

The Btv horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value

of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8. It has few or common

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. The content of nodular

plinthite ranges from 5 to 15 percent, by volume. The

texture is sandy loam or sandy clay loam.

The B ́t horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR

to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8. It has

few or common redoximorphic accumulations in

shades of yellow, olive, brown, and red and

redoximorphic depletions in shades of brown and gray.

It is sandy loam or sandy clay loam.

The BC horizon, where present, has the same

range in color as the B ́t horizon; or it has no dominant

matrix color and is multicolored in shades of red,

brown, and gray. It is sandy loam or sandy clay loam.

Pickney Series

The Pickney series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained soils that formed in sandy marine

sediments. These soils are on broad flats and in

shallow depressions. They are in the coastal lowlands.

On the flats, the seasonal high water table is within a

depth of 1/2 foot from December through April in most

years. The depressional areas are subject to ponding

for long periods. Slopes are 0 to 1 percent. These

soils are sandy, siliceous, thermic Cumulic

Humaquepts.

Pickney soils are geographically associated with

Allanton, Croatan, Hurricane, Leon, and Pottsburg

soils. The very poorly drained Allanton and Croatan

soils are in positions similar to those of the Pickney

soils. The Allanton soils have a spodic horizon. The

Croatan soils have a thick, histic epipedon. The

somewhat poorly drained Hurricane soils are on knolls

and do not have a thick, umbric epipedon. The poorly

drained Leon and Pottsburg soils are in slightly higher

positions than the Pickney soils on flats and in areas

of flatwoods and do not have a thick, umbric epipedon.

Typical pedon of Pickney sand; about 1,500 feet

south and 250 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 14, T. 3 S., R. 31 W.
Escambia County, Florida 137

A1—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand; weak

medium granular structure; very friable; common

medium, fine, and very fine roots; very strongly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A2—10 to 35 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand; single

grained; loose; common thin streaks of gray

(10YR 6/1) uncoated sand; very strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Cg1—35 to 52 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

coarse sand; single grained; loose; very strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2—52 to 80 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) sand; single grained; loose; very strongly

acid.

Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately

acid throughout the profile.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2.

The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3

to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and

has value of 3 to 7. It is coarse sand or sand.

Poarch Series

The Poarch series consists of very deep, well

drained soils that formed in sandy and loamy

sediments. These soils are on summits, shoulder

slopes, and side slopes in the uplands. The

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 21/2 to 4

feet from December through April in most years.

Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. These soils are

coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthic

Paleudults.

Poarch soils are geographically associated with

Escambia, Grady, Notcher, Perdido, and Red Bay

soils. The somewhat poorly drained Escambia soils

are in slightly lower, less convex positions than those

of the Poarch soils. The poorly drained Grady soils are

in depressions and have a clayey argillic horizon. The

Notcher, Perdido, and Red Bay soils are in positions

similar to those of the Poarch soils. The moderately

well drained Notcher soils are fine-loamy. The Perdido

soils have hue of 5YR or redder throughout the

subsoil. The Red Bay soils have a dark red argillic

horizon.

Typical pedon of Poarch sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes; about 250 feet north and 1,850 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 1, T. 1 S., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; many fine and very fine roots; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—5 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Btv1—31 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; about 7 percent, by volume, firm and brittle

masses of plinthite; common medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common medium

prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron

accumulation; few fine distinct light gray (10YR

7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Btv2—38 to 45 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; about 10 percent, by volume, firm and brittle

masses of plinthite; common medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common medium

prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron

accumulation; few fine distinct light gray (10YR

7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Btv3—45 to 63 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; about 10 percent, by volume, firm and brittle

masses of plinthite; common medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation; common coarse distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Btv4—63 to 80 inches; 40 percent very pale brown

(10YR 7/4), 30 percent brownish yellow (10YR

6/6), 20 percent light gray (10YR 7/2), and 10

percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 5

percent, by volume, firm and brittle masses of

plinthite; areas of brownish yellow and strong

brown are masses of iron accumulation; areas of

very pale brown and light gray are iron depletions;

very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction is

very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the

profile, except for the surface layer in areas where

lime has been applied.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3.

The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or

7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is

sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5
138 Soil Survey

or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is fine sandy loam, sandy

loam, or loam.

The Btv horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or it does not have a

dominant matrix color and is multicolored in shades of

brown, yellow, gray, and red. It has common or many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is commonly fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, or loam. In the lower part of some

pedons, however, it is sandy clay loam or clay loam.

The content of nodular plinthite ranges from 5 to about

25 percent, by volume.

Pottsburg Series

The Pottsburg series consists of very deep, poorly

drained soils that formed in sandy marine sediments.

These soils are in areas of flatwoods in the coastal

lowlands. The seasonal high water table is at a depth

of 1/2 to 1 foot from December through April in most

years. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils

are sandy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Alaquods.

Pottsburg soils are geographically associated with

Allanton, Hurricane, Leon, and Pickney soils. The very

poorly drained Allanton soils are in slightly lower

positions than the Pottsburg soils. The somewhat

poorly drained Hurricane soils are on knolls at slightly

higher elevations than the Pottsburg soils. The Leon

soils are in areas of flatwoods adjacent to the

Pottsburg soils and have a spodic horizon within a

depth of 30 inches. The very poorly drained Pickney

soils are in lower, more concave positions than those

of the Pottsburg soils and do not have a spodic

horizon.

Typical pedon of Pottsburg sand, in an area of

Allanton-Pottsburg complex (fig. 15); about 450 feet

north and 2,300 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 23, T. 2 S., R. 31 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many medium and fine roots; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

E—7 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single

grained; loose; common medium and fine roots;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common thin

streaks and pockets of light gray (10YR 7/2)

uncoated sand; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Eg1—21 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

sand; single grained; loose; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Eg2—38 to 53 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

sand; single grained; loose; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bh1—53 to 68 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)

sand; massive; very friable; about 75 percent of

the sand grains are coated with organic matter;

very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bh2—68 to 80 inches; black (5YR 2/1) sand; massive;

very friable; about 90 percent of the sand grains

are coated with organic matter; very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 80 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout the profile, except in areas where lime has

been applied.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and

chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral in hue and has value

of 2 to 5.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. It has few or common

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is sand or fine sand.

The Eg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has few or common

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red. It is sand or fine sand.

The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2

to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is sand, fine sand, loamy

fine sand, or loamy sand.

Red Bay Series

The Red Bay series consists of very deep, well

drained soils that formed in loamy sediments. These

soils are on summits, shoulder slopes, and side

slopes in the uplands. The seasonal high water table

is below a depth of 6 feet throughout the year. Slopes

range from 0 to 8 percent. These soils are fine-loamy,

kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults.

Red Bay soils are geographically associated with

Bama, Emory, Grady, Malbis, and Perdido soils. The

Bama, Malbis, and Perdido soils are in positions

similar to those of the Red Bay soils. The Bama soils

do not have dark red colors throughout the subsoil.

The Malbis soils have brownish colors and have a

significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The

Perdido soils are coarse-loamy and have a significant

accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. The Emory

soils are in shallow depressions and are subject to

ponding. The poorly drained Grady soils are in

depressions and have a clayey argillic horizon.
Escambia County, Florida 139

Typical pedon of Red Bay fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes; 2,050 feet east and 1,835 feet north of

the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 1 N., R. 30 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam;

moderate fine granular structure; very friable;

common medium roots and many fine and very

fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BA—6 to 12 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy

loam; moderate medium granular structure;

friable; common medium roots and many fine and

very fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 72 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt2—72 to 80 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the Ap and BA horizons, except in areas where lime

has been applied, and is very strongly acid or strongly

acid in the Bt horizon.

The Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The BA horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR

or 5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is

sandy loam or fine sandy loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3,

and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy loam or sandy clay

loam.

Resota Series

The Resota series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils that formed in sandy

marine sediments. These soils are on low ridges and

knolls in the coastal lowlands. The seasonal high

water table is at a depth of 31/2 to 6 feet from

December through April in most years. Slopes range

from 0 to 5 percent. These soils are thermic, uncoated

Spodic Quartzipsamments.

Resota soils are geographically associated with

Corolla, Duckston, Kureb, Lakeland, and Newhan

soils. The somewhat poorly drained Corolla and poorly

drained Duckston soils are on the lower parts of dunes

and in swales. The excessively drained Kureb and

Lakeland soils are in slightly higher positions than the

Resota soils and do not have a seasonal high water

within a depth of 6 feet. The Newhan soils are on

dunes that receive salt spray from the Gulf and do not

have spodic materials within the profile.

Typical pedon of Resota sand, 0 to 5 percent

slopes (fig. 16); about 380 feet east and 1,900 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 23, T. 3 S., R.

31 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sand; single

grained; loose; many medium and fine roots;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—3 to 19 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sand; single

grained; loose; common medium and fine roots;

strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.

B/E—19 to 25 inches; 75 percent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) sand (B); single grained; loose; 25

percent streaks or tongues of white (10YR 8/1)

sand (E); single grained; loose; a thin,

discontinuous band of dark reddish brown (5YR

3/2) spodic material borders the E material;

strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.

Bw1—25 to 44 inches; yellow (10YR 7/6) sand; single

grained; loose; few streaks of brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) sand bordered by a thin, discontinuous

band of dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) sand;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—44 to 65 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)

sand; single grained; loose; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation; common medium faint light gray

(10YR 7/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Cg—65 to 80 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sand; single

grained; loose; strongly acid.

The solum is more than 50 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid throughout

the profile.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and

chroma of 1 or 2.

The E horizon and the E part of the B/E horizon

have hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and chroma of 1 or

2. They are sand or fine sand.

In most pedons, the B/E horizon, where present,

has thin, discontinuous bands, streaks, or spots of

spodic materials.

The Bw horizon and B part of the B/E horizon have

hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of

4 to 8. They are sand or fine sand. In most pedons,

the upper part of the Bw horizon has thin,

discontinuous bands, streaks, or spots of spodic

materials. The lower part of the Bw horizon has

common or many redoximorphic accumulations in

shades of yellow, olive, brown, and red.

The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8,

and chroma of 1 or 2. It has few or common
140 Soil Survey

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red. It is sand or fine sand.

Robertsdale Series

The Robertsdale series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in loamy

sediments. These soils are in flat and slightly concave

positions on nearly level summits in the uplands. The

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1 to 2 feet

from December through April in most years. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils are fine-loamy,

siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults.

Robertsdale soils are geographically associated

with Escambia, Grady, Malbis, and Notcher soils. The

Escambia soils are in positions similar to those of the

Robertsdale soils and are coarse-loamy. The poorly

drained Grady soils are in depressions and have a

clayey argillic horizon. The well drained Malbis and

moderately well drained Notcher soils are in slightly

higher, more convex positions than those of the

Robertsdale soils.

Typical pedon of Robertsdale sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes; about 335 feet north and 2,335 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 5 N., R.

33 W.

Ap—0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy

loam; moderate fine granular structure; very

friable; many medium, fine, and very fine roots;

about 4 percent, by volume, fine nodules of

ironstone; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

EB—5 to 12 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) fine

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; many medium and fine

roots; about 4 percent, by volume, fine nodules of

ironstone; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btc—12 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; about 5 percent, by volume, fine

and medium nodules of ironstone; common fine

distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions

throughout the matrix; common medium distinct

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and common medium

prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of

iron accumulation with sharp boundaries

throughout the matrix; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Btvg1—24 to 48 inches; 50 percent light gray (10YR

7/1), 30 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), and

20 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; about 5 percent, by volume, fine and

medium nodules of ironstone; about 5 percent, by

volume, firm and brittle masses of plinthite; areas

of light gray are iron depletions; areas of brownish

yellow and strong brown are masses of iron

accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Btvg2—48 to 80 inches; 50 percent gray (10YR

5/1), 20 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), 15

percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and 15

percent red (10R 4/6) sandy clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about

5 percent, by volume, fine nodules of ironstone;

about 7 percent, by volume, firm and brittle

masses of plinthite; areas of gray are iron

depletions; areas of brownish yellow, strong

brown, and red are masses of iron

accumulation; strongly acid.

The solum is more than 60 inches thick. Reaction is

very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the

profile, except for surface layer in areas where lime

has been applied. The content of ironstone nodules

ranges from 4 to 12 percent, by volume, in the Ap and

EB horizons and from 5 to 25 percent, by volume, in

the Bt horizons.

The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to

4, and chroma of 1 or 2.

The EB or BE horizon, where present, has hue of

10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It

is loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam.

The Btc horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It has few or common

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. It is loam, sandy clay loam,

or clay loam.

The Btvg horizon commonly does not have a

dominant matrix color and is multicolored in shades of

brown, yellow, gray, and red. In some pedons,

however, it has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7,

and chroma of 1 or 2. It has common or many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic depletions in

shades of brown and gray. The content of nodular

plinthite ranges from 5 to 20 percent, by volume.

Troup Series

The Troup series consists of very deep, somewhat

excessively drained soils that formed in sandy and

loamy marine sediments. These soils are on summits,

shoulder slopes, and side slopes in the uplands. The
Escambia County, Florida 141

seasonal high water table is below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year. Slopes range from 0 to 35

percent. These soils are loamy, kaolinitic, thermic

Grossarenic Kandiudults.

Troup soils are geographically associated with

Bonifay, Cowarts, Lakeland, Lucy, and Perdido soils.

The Bonifay soils are in positions similar to those of

the Troup soils and have a significant accumulation of

plinthite in the subsoil. The Cowarts and Perdido soils

are on side slopes and do not have a thick, sandy

epipedon. The Lakeland soils are in positions similar

to those of the Troup soils and do not have loamy

subhorizons within a depth of 80 inches. The Lucy

soils are in slightly higher positions than the Troup

soils and have a sandy epipedon that is 20 to 40

inches thick.

Typical pedon of Troup sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

(fig. 17); about 50 feet north and 1,500 feet east of the

southwest corner of Spanish Land Grant 42, T. 1 S.,

R. 30 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common medium and fine roots; very strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

E1—5 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand;

single grained; loose; few medium and fine roots;

very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

E2—21 to 42 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand;

single grained; loose; very friable; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

E3—42 to 58 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) loamy

sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

very friable; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt1—58 to 68 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—68 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 80 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the A and E horizons, except in areas where lime has

been applied, and is very strongly acid or strongly acid

in the Bt horizon.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR,

value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5

or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand, loamy sand, or

loamy fine sand.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 or

5, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy clay loam.

Weston Series

The Weston series consists of very deep, poorly

drained soils that formed in loamy sediments. These

soils are in flat and slightly concave positions on

stream terraces. The seasonal high water table is

within a depth of 1 foot from December through April in

most years. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. These

soils are coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic

Typic Endoaquults.

Weston soils are geographically associated with

Eunola, Izagora, Mantachie, Pelham, and Yemassee

soils. The moderately well drained Eunola and Izagora

and somewhat poorly drained Yemassee soils are in

the slightly higher, more convex positions on the

terraces and are fine-loamy. The somewhat poorly

drained Mantachie soils are on flood plains in areas

adjacent to the Weston soils. The Pelham soils are in

positions similar to those of the Weston soils on

terraces and have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical pedon of Weston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes; about 1,170 feet south and 500 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 34, T. 3 N., R.

32 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine

sandy loam; weak medium granular structure;

very friable; many medium and fine roots; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg1—4 to 15 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common medium and fine roots;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; common

medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8)

irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation

with diffuse boundaries throughout; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg2—15 to 40 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds;

common fine faint light gray (10YR 7/1) irregularly

shaped iron depletions with clear boundaries in

the matrix; common medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation with

sharp boundaries throughout the matrix; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg3—40 to 68 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine

faint light gray (10YR 7/2) irregularly shaped iron

depletions with clear boundaries in the matrix;
142 Soil Survey

common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR

5/8) masses of iron accumulation with sharp

boundaries throughout the matrix; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—68 to 80 inches; 35 percent gray (10YR 6/1), 25

percent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), 20 percent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and 20 percent very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) sandy loam; massive, thinly

bedded; very friable; areas of gray and very pale

brown are iron depletions; areas of yellowish red

and olive yellow are masses of iron accumulation;

very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 40 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the A and E horizons, except in areas where lime has

been applied, and is very strongly acid or strongly acid

in the Btg and Cg horizons.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and

chroma of 1 or 2.

The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It has few

or common redoximorphic accumulations in shades of

yellow, olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic

depletions in shades of brown and gray. It is fine

sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy fine sand.

The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has common or many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red. It is sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, or loam.

The Cg horizon commonly is stratified. It does not

have a dominant matrix color and is multicolored in

shades of gray, brown, yellow, and red. The texture is

variable, but the range in texture includes sandy clay

loam, loam, sandy loam, and loamy sand.

Yemassee Series

The Yemassee series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in sandy

and loamy fluvial sediments. These soils are in flat or

slightly concave positions on stream terraces. The

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1 to 11/2 feet

from December through April in most years. These

soils are subject to occasional flooding. Slopes range

from 0 to 2 percent. These soils are fine-loamy,

siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aeric Endoaquults.

Yemassee soils are geographically associated with

Bigbee, Eunola, Garcon, Izagora, Pelham, and

Weston soils. The Bigbee soils are on flood plains

adjacent to the Yemassee soils and are sandy

throughout. The moderately well drained Eunola and

Izagora soils are in the slightly higher, more convex

positions on the terraces. The Garcon, Pelham, and

Weston soils are in the slightly lower positions on the

stream terraces. The Garcon and Pelham soils have a

thick, sandy epipedon. The Weston soils are poorly

drained and are coarse-loamy.

Typical pedon of Yemassee fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 2,085 feet

north and 1,335 feet west of the southeast corner of

sec. 13, T. 1 N., R. 32 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam; moderate medium granular

structure; very friable; common medium and fine

roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—5 to 12 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sandy

loam; weak medium granular structure; very

friable; common medium and fine roots; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—12 to 26 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/4) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation; common fine distinct light gray

(2.5Y 7/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—26 to 42 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/4) fine

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; common fine distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

irregularly shaped iron depletions; few fine distinct

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron

accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt3—42 to 48 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/4) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation;

common medium distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

irregularly shaped iron depletions; very strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt4—48 to 62 inches; 25 percent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6), 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6), 20 percent light gray (10YR 7/2), 20 percent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and 15 percent red

(2.5YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; very strongly

acid; few faint clay films on faces of peds; areas of

brownish yellow, yellowish brown, strong brown,

and red are masses of iron accumulation; areas of

light gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Btg—62 to 74 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sandy
Escambia County, Florida 143

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6), reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4), and light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of iron

accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg—74 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sand;

single grained; loose; common coarse distinct light

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron

accumulation; very strongly acid.

The solum is more than 40 inches thick. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid in the A

and E horizons, except in areas where lime has been

applied, and ranges from extremely acid to strongly

acid in the Bt, Btg, and Cg horizons.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2.

The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is fine

sandy loam or loamy fine sand.

The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. It has few

or common redoximorphic accumulations in shades of

yellow, olive, brown, and red and redoximorphic

depletions in shades of brown and gray. The lower part

of the horizon does not have a dominant matrix color

and is multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, red, and

gray. The Bt horizon is fine sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, or clay loam.

The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has common or many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of yellow,

olive, brown, and red. It is fine sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, or clay loam.

The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5

to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has common or many

redoximorphic accumulations in shades of brown,

yellow, or red. The texture is variable, but the range in

texture includes fine sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy

clay loam, clay loam, loamy sand, and sand. In some

pedons, the Cg horizon is stratified with contrasting

textures.

145

In this section, the factors of soil formation are

described and related to the soils of the county and

the processes of horizon differentiation are explained.

Also, the geomorphology, stratigraphy, ground water,

and mineral resources of the county are described.

Factors of Soil Formation

The kind of soil that develops in an area depends

on five major factors. These factors are the physical

and mineral composition of the parent material; the

climate under which the soil material has accumulated

and has existed since accumulation; the plant and

animal life on and in the soil; the relief, or lay of the

land; and the length of time that these factors have

acted on the soil material (Jenny, 1941, 1980). All of

these factors affect the formation of each soil, but the

relative importance of each factor differs from place to

place. In some areas, one factor may determine most

of the soil properties. For example, if the parent

material is pure quartz sand, which is highly resistant

to weathering, the soil generally has weakly expressed

horizons. Even where quartz sand is the parent

material, however, a distinct profile can be formed

under certain types of vegetation if the relief is low and

flat and the water table is high.

The interrelationship among the five factors is

complex, and the effects of any one factor cannot be

isolated and completely evaluated. Each factor is

described separately, and the probable effects of each

are indicated.

Parent Material

The parent material of the soils in Escambia County

consists mostly of deposits of marine origin. The

northern two-thirds of the county is thought to be the

stream-dissected remnant of an extensive delta plain,

known as the Citronelle Formation, that was covered

unconformably by sand and clay deposits from high

standing seas in the Pleistocene Epoch (2 to 3 million

years ago). The southern third is Pleistocene and

Holocene (11,000 years ago to present) marine

deposits that are predominantly sandy. These deposits

are mostly quartz sand and contain varying amounts

of clay, silt, and shell fragments. Clay and silt are more

abundant in the soils that formed in the sediment on

marine terraces and in lagoons. Clay and silt are

virtually absent on shoreline ridges, where most of the

deposits are eolian sand. Ocean currents transported

the parent material. The ocean covered the area a

number of times during the Pleistocene age.

The parent material in the county varies somewhat

in mineral and chemical composition and in physical

structure. The main physical differences, such as

those between sand, silt, and clay, can be observed in

the field. Other differences, such as mineral and

chemical composition, are important to soil formation

and affect the present physical and chemical

characteristics of the soils. Many differences between

the soils in the county reflect original differences in the

parent material as it was laid down.

Some organic soils are located throughout the

county. They formed in partly decayed wetland

vegetation.

Climate

Climate, particularly temperature and rainfall,

mainly determines the rate and nature of the physical,

chemical, and biological processes that affect the

weathering of soil material. Rainfall, changes in

temperature, wind, and sun accelerate the breakdown

of rocks and minerals, the release of chemicals, and

other processes that affect the development of the

soils. The amount of water that percolates through the

soil depends on rainfall, relative humidity, soil

permeability, and physiographic position. Temperature

influences the kinds of organisms in the soil, the

growth of the organisms, and the speed of physical

and chemical reactions in the soil.

Escambia County has a warm, humid climate

characterized by long, hot summers and short, mild

winters. The soils generally have a low content of

bases because most of the rainfall percolates

downward through the soil. Because the rainfall

generally is well distributed, most of the soils retain

moisture throughout the year. The climate is uniform

throughout the county; therefore, the climate has had

about the same effect on soil development in all parts

Formation of the Soils
146 Soil Survey

of the county. The mineral soils in the county mostly

are highly weathered, are leached, are strongly acid,

have low natural fertility, and have a low content of

organic matter.

Plants and Animals

Plants, animals, and other organisms have a

significant role in soil development. Plant and animal

life can increase the content of organic matter and

nitrogen, increase or decrease plant nutrients, and

change the structure and porosity of the soils.

Plants recycle nutrients, accumulate organic matter,

and provide food and cover for animal life. They

stabilize the surface layer so that soil-forming

processes can continue. Plants also stabilize the

environment for soil-forming processes by protecting

the soil from extremes in temperature.

The soils in the county formed under a succession

of plants. This succession is still evident in the smooth

cordgrass and blackrush in the marshes; the big

cordgrass and giant cutgrass in the brackish water

areas; the hardwood trees and cypress in the very

poorly drained depressions; the pine trees in the well

drained to poorly drained upland areas; and the oak,

pine, holly, and magnolia in the moderately well

drained to excessively drained positions on uplands

and in bottomlands.

Animals rearrange soil material by roughening the

soil surface, forming and filling channels, and shaping

the peds and voids. The soil is mixed by the

channeling of ants, wasps, worms, and spiders and by

the burrowing of turtles, other reptiles, and crustacea,

such as crabs and crawfish. Bacteria, fungi, and other

microorganisms hasten decomposition of organic

matter and increase the release of minerals for

additional plant growth. Humans affect the soil-forming

process by tilling, removing natural vegetation,

establishing other plants, and changing the fertility of

the soil.

The net gains and losses caused by plants and

animals in the soil-forming process are important in

the county. Plant residue provides most of the organic

matter for the formation of the umbric epipedon in the

Allanton and Pickney soils.

Relief

Relief, or lay of the land, affects soil formation by

influencing runoff, erosion, and water relationships. As

slope increases, runoff increases in intensity, less

water is absorbed by the soil, and erosion accelerates.

Relief also affects drainage, soil fertility, and

vegetation.

The relief in Escambia County varies considerably.

Nearly level to gently sloping areas are dominant in

the southern, central, and north-central parts of the

county. Sloping to steep areas are dominant in the

northeastern and northwestern parts. Elevation in the

county ranges from sea level, where the Escambia

River meets Escambia Bay, to 280 feet above sea level,

near the Alabama State line north of the town of Bratt.

Relief has a significant effect on the soils. The soils

are sandy and loamy where the parent material

consists of sandy and loamy marine deposits.

Because sandy soils have low available water

capacity and easily become droughty, most of the

water available to plants in sandy soils comes from the

water table. Because loamy soils have moderate to

high available water capacity, most of the water

available to plants in loamy soils comes from the soil.

The depth to the water table and the available water

capacity, therefore, affect the type of vegetation that

grows on a particular soil.

The depth to the water table also affects internal

drainage. On the sand ridges, where the water table is

deep and the soils are highly leached, soluble plant

nutrients and colloidal clays and organic matter are

carried rapidly downward through the sandy soils. This

downward movement of materials occurs at a slower

rate in loamy soils.

In areas of the flatwoods, the water table is

commonly at or near the surface and rarely drops

below a depth of 5 feet. Organic matter is translocated

down a short distance and forms a humus-rich spodic

horizon, or Bh horizon. Locally, this horizon is referred

to as a hardpan.

In low areas or depressions, where the water table

is generally above the surface, muck accumulates

under the marsh or swamp vegetation. As the plants

die, the residue accumulates and slowly decays in the

water where oxygen is excluded. The amount of muck

that accumulates depends mainly on the depth and

duration of standing water. In some wet areas, such

as flats, organic matter has accumulated to form a

thick, black topsoil of mineral soil instead of a surface

layer of muck.

Time

Time is an important factor affecting soil formation.

The physical and chemical changes brought about by

climate, plants and animals, and relief are low. The

length of time needed to convert raw, geologic

material into soil varies according to the nature of the

geologic material and the interaction of the other

factors. Some of the basic minerals from which soils

are formed weather fairly rapidly, while other minerals
Escambia County, Florida 147

are chemically inert and show little change over long

periods. The translocation of fine particles to form

horizons in the soil varies under different conditions,

but the processes always take a relatively long time.

In Escambia County, the dominant geologic

materials are inert. The sand is almost pure quartz

and is highly resistant to weathering. The finer

textured silt and clay are the products of earlier

weathering.

Relatively little geologic time has elapsed since the

material in which the soils in the county developed

was laid down or emerged from the sea. The loamy

and clayey horizons formed in place through

processes of clay translocation. If the degree of

development is considered, the soils range from fairly

old (well developed horizonation) to very young (little

or no horizonation).

Processes of Horizon

Differentiation

The five factors of soil formation result in horizon

differentiation through four general processes. These

processes are additions, losses, translocations, and

transformations.

In Escambia County, additions are dominated by

the accumulation of plant debris on the surface. This

accumulation contributes to the content of organic

matter in the topsoil. Some soils, especially the

Newhan and Corolla soils near coastal beaches,

receive additions of windblown sands, which

accumulate on the surface.

Carbonates and other soluble minerals are lost

from the soils in the county as rainwater percolates

down through and out of the soils. Erosion is the loss

of soil material from the surface layer because of the

force of water and wind. It is most prominent where

surface-stabilizing natural vegetation has been removed

or destroyed by human activities. It results in a thin A

horizon and the exposure of the subsoil at the surface.

The common types of translocations in the county

are the downward movement of clay particles and

organic matter and their subsequent accumulation in

the subsoil. The argillic horizon in the Bama soil is an

example of the effect of the translocation of clay. The

spodic horizon in the Leon soil is an example of the

effect of the translocation of organic matter. Animals,

especially ants and other insects, translocate soil

material from the lower horizons to the surface layer.

This type of activity commonly results in an indistinct

boundary between the surface and subsurface layers.

The reduction and oxidation of iron are common

transformations in the county. The zone in the soil

where the water table fluctuates is mottled in shades

of yellow, olive, brown, and gray. These colors are

indicative of reduced and oxidized forms of iron and

manganese.

Geology

Frank R. Rupert, geologist, Florida Geological Survey, prepared

this section.

Geomorphology

Escambia County is at the western end of the

Northern or proximal geomorphic zone described by

White (1970). This zone includes the northernmost

part of the Florida peninsula and all of the panhandle.

Locally, the Northern Zone is subdivided into two

geomorphic provinces: the Western Highlands and the

Gulf Coastal Lowlands (fig. 18).

The Western Highlands comprise the northern

three-quarters of Escambia County. They are the

western extension of a series of topographic highlands

that span northern Florida. These highlands are

thought to be the stream-dissected remnants of an

extensive delta plain that covered southern Alabama,

southern Georgia, and northern Florida. The terrain is

characteristically comprised of gently rolling, clayeysand hills and ridges punctuated by a series of deeplyincised, dendritic streams. The land surface in

Escambia County ranges from 280 feet above mean

sea level (MSL) in the northern part of the county near

the Alabama State line to about 100 feet above MSL at

the southern edge of the highlands.

Large bodies of surface water are rare in the

Western Highlands. A number of small ponds are

perched on layers of low-permeability materials within

the clayey-sand sediments that comprise the

highlands.

As with most of Florida, the Western Highlands

have been modified by marine erosion. Healy (1975)

identified three marine terrace elevation zones in the

Western Highlands: the Sunderland/Okeefenokee

Terrace, which extends from the southern edge of the

zone (about 100 to 170 feet above MSL); the Coharie

Terrace (170 to 215 feet above MSL); and the

Hazelhurst Terrace (215 to 320 feet above MSL). The

highest elevations in Escambia County are on the

Hazelhurst Terrace.

The Gulf Coastal Lowlands cover the southern

quarter of Escambia County. They extend from the

base of the Western Highlands southward to the

present coastline. They include the Escambia River

Valley and the modern coastal barrier islands. The

boundary between the Gulf Coastal Lowlands in the
148 Soil Survey

Figure 18.—Geomorphology of Escambia County and location of cross sections.
Escambia County, Florida 149

south and the uplands in the north is marked by a

relict marine escarpment at an elevation of about 100

to 120 feet above MSL.

The terrain in the Gulf Coastal Lowlands is

generally flat and sandy, reflecting erosion and

subsequent deposition by high-standing Pleistocene

seas. Healy (1975) recognized five marine terrace

elevation zones comprising portions of the Gulf

Coastal Lowlands. They are the Silver Bluff Terrace (0

to 10 feet above MSL), the Pamlico Terrace (10 to 25

feet above MSL), the Talbot Terrace (25 to 42 feet

above MSL), the Penholoway Terrace (42 to 70 feet

above MSL), and the Wicomico Terrace (70 to 100

feet above MSL).

The land surface in the Gulf Coastal Lowlands

slopes gently from an elevation of about 100 feet

above MSL at the northern edge to sea level near the

coast. Much of the land adjacent to Perdido Bay and

landward of the Gulf coastal barrier islands is swampy

and is drained by small, sluggish creeks. Relict

Pleistocene sand beach ridges and dunes are situated

on the mainland and the landward edge of Perdido

Key, just west of Big Lagoon.

Perdido Key and Santa Rosa Island are Holocene

barrier islands, are comprised of quartz sand and shell

beds, and support a series of sand dune and beach

ridge systems that parallel the coast. The largest of

these dunes have elevations of up to 45 feet above

MSL but are continually vulnerable to erosion by storm

surges. Low swales positioned between the dunes

may contain standing fresh water and commonly

accumulate organic matter.

The valley of the Escambia River forms a broad

extension of the Gulf Coastal Lowlands. The extension

straddles the river northward to the Alabama State line

(White, Puri, and Vernon, 1964). It begins at sea level

where the river enters the northwestern edge of

Escambia Bay through a 4-mile-wide swampy delta.

From the delta, the extension stretches northward to

the Alabama State line, following the flood plain of the

river. The flood plain is 11

/2 to 2 miles wide. The

elevation in the valley gradually rises to about 50 feet

above MSL at the point where it enters Alabama.

Stratigraphy

Escambia County is underlain by thousands of

feet of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks.

The oldest known sediments encountered by drilling

were penetrated at a depth of 17,950 feet in an oil

test well in the north-central part of the county. They

consist of Jurassic quartzite sandstone and gray

shale and are part of the Smackover Formation,

which yields petroleum in wells in Santa Rosa

County. The youngest sediments are Pleistocene

and Holocene undifferentiated sands, clayey sands,

and alluvium. Figure 18 shows the locations of the

shallow geologic cross sections illustrated in figures

19 and 20.

The rock strata underlying Escambia County dip

and thicken gently to the southwest in a homoclinal

structure. This structure is produced by the thickening

and downwarping of sediments as they dip into the

large sedimentary basins of the Gulf of Mexico and the

Mississippi Embayment, which are situated south and

west of the county, respectively (Marsh, 1966). The

majority of the vast thickness of Tertiary sediments

underlying the county is continental siliciclastics and

marginal marine units.

Locally, the thick sequence of Miocene and younger

siliciclastic rock units function as freshwater aquifer

systems and are a source of nonpetroleum economic

mineral commodities. The following description of the

geology of Escambia County is therefore restricted to

strata of the Middle Miocene age and younger. All

stratigraphic nomenclature follows Braunstein et al.

(1988), and the areal extent of units is taken from

Scott (1963).

Middle and Upper Miocene Series

The Pensacola Clay (Marsh, 1966) is a dark or light

gray to brownish-gray, silty, variably sandy clay and

quartz sand unit underlying central and southern

Escambia County. This formation characteristically

contains a prolific benthic foraminifera assemblage as

well as marine mollusks and ostracods. The

Pensacola Clay consists of three members in this

area: a lower clay member, a thin sand member

named the Escambia Sand, and an upper clay

member. The formation ranges from about 380 feet

thick in the east-central part of the county to over

1,000 feet thick just north of Pensacola and under

Perdido Bay. It unconformably overlies Oligocene

carbonates of the Chickasawhay Formation.

The Pensacola Clay is generally absent in the

northern portion of the county where it grades into the

Coarse Clastics or is truncated by the overlying

Citronelle Formation. The top of the formation varies in

depth from about 250 feet below land surface (BLS)

near Cantonment to nearly 800 feet BLS under

Perdido Bay in the southwestern part of the county.

Miocene-Pliocene Series

Marsh (1966) coined the name “Miocene Coarse

Clastics” for the extensive beds of light-brown to lightgray, poorly sorted, fine to very coarse sand, granules,

and small quartz pebbles and mollusk shells

underlying the western-most part of the Florida
150 Soil Survey

panhandle. These beds most likely transgress the

Miocene-Pliocene age boundary, and the general

name “Coarse Clastics” has been adopted

(Braunstein, Huddlestun, and Biel, 1988). The mineral

muscovite is common as an accessory throughout the

unit. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of the

Coarse Clastics is the presence of abundant small

marine mollusks. This feature differentiates the

Coarse Clastics from the overlying Citronelle

Formation. In some well samples, these fossils

comprise 5 to 50 percent of the sample.

The Coarse Clastics vary in thickness. They are

about 70 feet thick in the north-central part of the

county. They generally thicken to the southeast and

southwest, attaining a maximum thickness of nearly

500 feet directly southeast of Cantonment. The depth

to the top of the unit varies from about 280 feet BLS

beneath Pensacola Bay to nearly 650 feet BLS in the

northwestern part of the county near the Alabama

State line.

The Coarse Clastics interfinger with the Pensacola

Clay in the south-central part of the county and are in

turn unconformably overlain by the Pleistocene-age

Citronelle Formation and undifferentiated terrace

deposits.

Pleistocene Series

The Citronelle Formation (Matson, 1916) is

predominantly a light yellowish-brown, reddish-brown,

light gray, and white, quartz sand unit containing

lenses and beds of clay and chert and quartz gravel. It

forms the stream-incised hills of the Western

Highlands Zone and forms a distinct bluff at Bay Bluff,

along the western shore of Escambia Bay. Analyses

by Coe (1979) suggest that the Citronelle Formation

sediments are largely deltaic in origin. Clay beds

within the Citronelle Formation may reach 60 feet in

thickness. A few of the beds, such as one at Molino,

are of suitable economic grade for brick making

(Marsh, 1966). Fossils are generally rare, but

scattered mollusks, foraminifera, shrimp burrows,

fossil pollen, and remnants of wood have been

reported from Citronelle sediments in various parts of

Escambia County (Marsh, 1966).

The abundant iron oxide in the Citronelle Formation

provides a reddish color to many of the sediments.

The iron oxide may concentrate in sand beds, forming

iron-cemented (hardpan) layers. These hardpan layers

vary from less than an inch to several feet in

thickness. Because of the resistant nature and very

slow permeability of the hardpan layers, small ponds

may form over the hardpan layers as well as over clay

beds. Ground water percolating downward through the

Figure 19.—Cross section of geologic materials from east to

west through Escambia County, Florida.
Escambia County, Florida 151

sediments commonly reaches a hardpan layer and is

diverted laterally. Where this lateral flow intersects a

surface stream, gully, bluff, or hillside, the exiting flow

may undermine the overlying sediments, causing a

semicircular collapse feature named a “steephead.” As

erosion continues, the steephead migrates away from

the seepage point, forming a gully as it progresses.

Steepheads are most common in the deeply incised

terrain of the Western Highlands.

The thickness of the Citronelle Formation varies

considerably. Because of the difficulty in differentiating

Citronelle sediments from the overlying terrace

deposits, the overall range in thickness is somewhat

uncertain. However, the Citronelle Formation generally

varies from about 200 feet thick at the southern edge

of the county to almost 800 feet thick in the

northwestern corner of the county (Marsh, 1966).

Pleistocene and Holocene Series

A series of undifferentiated, commonly

unconsolidated, quartz sands and clays overlie the

Citronelle Formation in much of Escambia County.

Figure 20.—Cross section of geologic materials from north to south through Escambia County, Florida.
152 Soil Survey

These sediments are deposited in a series of

elevational marine terraces. The younger terraces

near the modern coast contain still-discernable relict

shoreline features, such as sand dunes and beach

ridges consisting of clean, quartz sand. In many

areas, particularly in the central and northern parts of

the county, these sediments are difficult to differentiate

from the underlying Citronelle Formation. They cap

the hills of the Western Highlands, and they

accumulate as alluvium in stream channels. These

sediments consist primarily of clean to slightly

clayey, quartz sands, generally containing less clay

and fewer quartz pebbles than the older Citronelle

sediments.

The unconsolidated sediments, along with

Holocene alluvium and shoreline sands, are grouped

into the undifferentiated sand and clay unit. Because

of the difficulty in differentiating them from the

underlying Citronelle Formation sediments, the

undifferentiated sediments are not depicted on the

geologic cross sections in figures 19 and 20.

Ground Water

Ground water, or water that fills the pore spaces in

subsurface rocks and sediments, is the principal

source of potable water in Escambia County. It is

derived primarily from precipitation within the county

and neighboring counties.

The primary aquifer systems under Escambia

County are the surficial aquifer, also called the Sand

and Gravel Aquifer, and the Floridan aquifer system,

which is deeper. These units are separated by an

aquiclude, commonly containing water-bearing units,

named the intermediate aquifer/confining unit. Data on

the extent and thickness of each aquifer system are

from Musgrove, Marsh, and Scott (Marsh, 1966;

Musgrove, Barraclough, and Marsh, 1961; Musgrove,

Barraclough, and Grantham, 1965; Florida Geological

Survey, 1991).

The majority of the water wells in Escambia County

draw from the Sand and Gravel Aquifer. This aquifer is

formed in the porous siliciclastic sediments of the

Coarse Clastics, the Citronelle Formation, and the

surficial undifferentiated sand and clay units. It

extends under the entire county, overlying Oligocene

carbonates in the northern part of the county and the

Pensacola Clay in the southern part of the county. It

varies in thickness, ranging from the surface down to

200 to 500 feet BLS. Unlike the water from the

carbonate aquifer system in much of Florida, water

from the Sand and Gravel Aquifer has a low content of

minerals. The water has a low content of minerals

because the water-bearing sediments are

predominantly insoluble quartz sand and gravel. The

Sand and Gravel Aquifer, therefore, makes an

economical source of industrial water for

manufacturing processes that require water with a low

content of minerals.

Locally, the Sand and Gravel Aquifer is separated

from the underlying Floridan aquifer system by an

intermediate confining unit comprised of the

Pensacola Clay. This low-permeability unit varies in

thickness, generally ranging from 380 to 1,000 feet. It

acts as an aquiclude and effectively isolates the two

aquifer systems. The Escambia Sand member, which

is situated within the Pensacola Clay, may contain

freshwater but is not utilized as a water source in

Escambia County.

The Floridan aquifer system is composed of porous

carbonate rocks of Miocene and Eocene age. Under

Escambia County, the top of the unit generally lies at

depths in excess of 600 feet. Water within the Floridan

aquifer system is harder, with a higher dissolved

mineral content, than water within the overlying Sand

and Gravel Aquifer. The content of chloride increases

substantially downdip under the Perdido Bay area in

the southwestern part of the county.

Although the Floridan aquifer system is the primary

freshwater source in much of Florida, it is not used

extensively in the western panhandle. The availability

of high-quality water at shallower depths in the Sand

and Gravel Aquifer precludes the need to drill deeper

wells to reach the Floridan aquifer system.

Mineral Resources

The principal near-surface, non-energy mineral

resources in Escambia County are quartz sand,

gravel, and clay. These commodities are mined from

open pits in the shallow undifferentiated sediments

and the Citronelle Formation. The following

paragraphs summarize the current mining status and

potential for each commodity in the county.

Three companies mine quartz sand and gravel in

the county. One company operates a mine in

section 4 of Township 5 North, Range 30 West,

near Century. Sand and gravel in a range of sizes

are the primary products from this operation. They

are used for masonry and concrete mixes. Another

company produces masonry sand from a mine in

multiple sections of Township 2 South, Range 30

West. A third company operates a pit in section 39

of Township 1 South, Range 30 West. It provides

local fill material.

Several other small commercial operations and

numerous private pits are worked for various mixtures

of sand and clay. This material is used locally for fill.
Escambia County, Florida 153

Sand is an abundant resource throughout the county.

Future exploitation will be largely dependent upon

local demand.

Refractory clay, which is used for making brick

products, has been mined in the county for many

years. Three large pits are located between the towns

of Molino and Barth. Although currently inactive, these

pits were mined for brick clay from a 50-foot thick bed

in the Citronelle Formation.

In the central and northern parts of the county, the

Citronelle Formation contains clay beds ranging from

a few inches to tens of feet in thickness. These beds

extend from a few feet to several miles in length

(Musgrove, Barraclough, and Marsh, 1961). The

presence of these deposits suggests that economic

quantities of clay are readily available in the county.

Resumption of the mining at Molino or development of

other clay mines within the county, however, will be

largely dependent upon local demand for clay

products.

155

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1986.

Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 14th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1993. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Bense, Judith A. 1983. Settlement pattern, climate and marine ecosystems evolution

correlation’s in the Escambia Bay drainage systems in northwest Florida.

Bense, Judith A. 1989. The Colonial Archaeological Trail in Pensacola, Florida. Phase I.

Braunstein, J., Huddlestun, P.F., and Biel, R. 1988. Gulf Coast region, Correlation of

Stratigraphic Units of North America (COSUNA). American Association of

Petroleum Geologists.

Broadfoot, Walter M. 1964. Soil suitability for hardwoods in the Midsouth. U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station

Research Note SO–10.

Coe, C.J. 1979. Geology of the Plio-Pleistocene sediments in Escambia and Santa

Rosa Counties, Florida. MS Thesis, Florida State University.

Coleman, James C., and Irene S. Coleman. 1982. Guardians on the Gulf: Pensacola’s

fortifications, 1698–1980. Pensacola Historical Society.

Cowardin, L.M., Carter, F.C., Golet, and LaRoe, E.T. 1979. Classification of wetlands

and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

FWS/OBS–79/31.

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual.

Technical report Y–87–1. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,

Vicksburg, MS.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. February 24, 1995. Hydric soils of the United States.

Fernald, Edward A., editor. 1981. Atlas of Florida.

Florida Department of State Staff. No date. A short history of Florida.

References
156 Soil Survey

Florida Geological Survey. 1991. Florida’s ground water monitoring program:

Hydrological framework. Coordinated by Rick Copeland; edited by Thomas M.

Scott, Jacqueline M. Lloyd, and Gary Maddox. Florida Geological Survey

Special Publication 32.

Healy, H.G. 1975. Terraces and shorelines: Florida Bureau of Geology Map Series 71.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

Jenny, Hans. 1980. The soil resource—Origin and behavior. Ecological Studies, volume

37.

Marsh, O.T. 1966. Geology of Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Western Florida

Panhandle. Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 46.

Matson, G.C. 1916. The Pliocene Citronelle Formation of the Gulf Coastal Plain. U.S.

Geological Survey Professional Paper 98.

Musgrove, R.H., Barraclough, J.T., and Grantham, R.G. 1965. Water resources of

Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida. Florida Geological Survey Report

of Investigations 40.

Musgrove, R.H., Barraclough, J.T., and Marsh, O.T. 1961. Interim report on the water

resources of Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida. Florida Geological

Survey Information Circular 30.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Parks, Virginia. 1985. Pensacola: Spaniards to space age. Pensacola Historical

Society.

Pensacola Area Chamber of Commerce. 1993. Community profile.

Pensacola Bay Area League of Women Voters. 1983. Escambia County, Florida.

Schumaker, F.X., and T. S. Coile. 1960. Growth and yield of natural stands of the

southern pines.

Scott, T.M. 1993. Geologic map of Escambia County, Florida. Florida Geological

Survey Open File Map Series 14.

Soil Science Society of America. 1997. Glossary of soil science terms.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Soil Survey Staff. 1996. Keys to soil taxonomy. 7th edition. United States Department

of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and

Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control,

Wetlands Section.
Escambia County, Florida 157

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1976. Volume, yields, and

stands tables for second-growth southern pines. Forest Service Miscellaneous

Publication 50.

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1993. Florida forest statistics.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States. No date. (Available in the

State Office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service at Gainesville, FL.)

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National forestry manual. No date. (Available in the State Office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service at Gainesville, FL.)

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National soil survey handbook. No date. (Available in the State Office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service at Gainesville, FL.)

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1960. Soil survey

of Escambia County, Florida.

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land

capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1975. Soil

taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil

surveys. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1985a. 26

Ecological communities of Florida.

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1985b. Site index

and yield of second growth baldcypress. Soil Conservation Service Technical

Note 5.

United States Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration,

Bureau of Census. 1992. Geographic area series, volume 1, part 9. Florida—

State and county data. AC92–A–9.

White, W., Puri, H., and Vernon, R. 1964. Unpublished manuscript cited in Puri, H., and

Vernon, R. 1964. Summary of the geology of Florida and a guidebook to the

classic exposures. Florida Geological Survey Special Publication 5 (revised).

White, William A. 1970. The geomorphology of the Florida peninsula. Florida

Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bulletin 51.

159

ABC soil. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon.

AC soil. A soil having only an A and a C horizon.

Commonly, such soil formed in recent alluvium or

on steep, rocky slopes.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air

from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil

is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1

month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of soil

water at field moisture capacity and the amount at

wilting point. It is commonly expressed as inches

of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in inches, in a

40-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed as:

Very low ......................................................... 0 to 0.5

Low ......................................................... 0.05 to 0.10

Moderate ................................................ 0.10 to 0.15

High ........................................................ 0.15 to 0.20

Very high ........................................... more than 0.20

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Base slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular

to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral

shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of

a hillside dominated by colluvium and slope-wash

sediments (for example, slope alluvium).

Bedding system. A drainage system made by

plowing, grading, or otherwise shaping the surface

of a flat field. It consists of a series of low ridges

separated by shallow, parallel dead furrows.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Breast height. An average height of 4.5 feet above

the ground surface; the point on a tree where

diameter measurements are ordinarily taken.

California bearing ratio (CBR). The load-supporting

capacity of a soil as compared to that of standard

crushed limestone, expressed as a ratio. This ratio

was first standardized in California. A soil having a

CBR of 16 supports 16 percent of the load that

would be supported by standard crushed limestone,

per unit area, with the same degree of distortion.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Glossary
160 Soil Survey

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Channery soil material. Soil material that is, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Claypan. A slowly permeable soil horizon that

contains much more clay than the horizons above

it. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and

plastic or stiff when wet.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility). See

Linear extensibility.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium

carbonate, iron oxide, and manganese oxide are

common compounds making up concretions. If

formed in place, concretions of iron oxide or

manganese oxide are generally considered a type

of redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the

year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness

of puddled soil material; and the manner in which

the soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of
Escambia County, Florida 161

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including

the living branches and their foliage.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Decreasers. The most heavily grazed climax range

plants. Because they are the most palatable, they

are the first to be destroyed by overgrazing.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Depressions. Landforms that are typically sunken,

lower parts of the earth’s surface, have concave

relief, and do not have natural outlets for surface

drainage.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Divided-slope farming. A form of field stripcropping

in which crops are grown in a systematic

arrangement of two strips, or bands, across the

slope to reduce the hazard of water erosion. One

strip is in a close-growing crop that provides

protection from erosion, and the other strip is in a

crop that provides less protection from erosion.

This practice is used where slopes are not long

enough to permit a full stripcropping pattern to be

used.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Ecological site. An area where climate, soil, and relief

are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct

natural plant community. An ecological site is the

product of all the environmental factors

responsible for its development. It is typified by an

association of species that differ from those on

other ecological sites in kind and/or proportion of

species or in total production.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation.

It receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human
162 Soil Survey

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Evapotranspiration. The combined loss of water

from a given area, and during a specific period of

time, by evaporation from the soil surface and

transpiration from plants.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Excess salt (in tables). Excess water-soluble salts in

the soil that restrict the growth of most plants.

Excess sulfur (in tables). Excessive amount of sulfur

in the soil. The sulfur causes extreme acidity if the

soil is drained, and the growth of most plants is

restricted.

Fallow. Cropland left idle in order to restore

productivity through accumulation of moisture.

Summer fallow is common in regions of limited

rainfall where cereal grain is grown. The soil is

tilled for at least one growing season for weed

control and decomposition of plant residue.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to

provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and

in proper balance, for the growth of specified

plants when light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and

other growth factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed

of all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat

has the lowest bulk density and the highest

water content at saturation of all organic soil

material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fill slope. A sloping surface consisting of excavated

soil material from a road cut. It commonly is on the

downhill side of the road.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. Area cleared of flammable material to stop

or help control creeping or running fires. It also

serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flats. Nearly level landforms that are smooth and lack

any significant curvature, slope, and little change

in elevation.

Flatwoods (colloquial). Broad linear relief landforms

with slightly convex relief bordering flats,

depressions, and flood plains.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil.

Refers especially to the processes or soilforming factors responsible for the formation of

the solum, or true soil, from the unconsolidated

parent material.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

grade toward a protected waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.
Escambia County, Florida 163

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by running

water and through which water ordinarily runs only

after rainfall. The distinction between a gully and a

rill is one of depth. A gully generally is an obstacle to

farm machinery and is too deep to be obliterated by

ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser depth and can be

smoothed over by ordinary tillage.

Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or

layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey

and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium

carbonate, or other substance.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel

to the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase

letter represents the major horizons. Numbers

or lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An

explanation of the subdivisions is given in the

“Soil Survey Manual.” The major horizons of

mineral soil are as follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are

not considered but are separate factors in

predicting runoff.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Increasers. Species in the climax vegetation that

increase in amount as the more desirable plants

are reduced by close grazing. Increasers

commonly are the shorter plants and the less

palatable to livestock.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be
164 Soil Survey

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or

other surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Invaders. On range, plants that encroach into an area

and grow after the climax vegetation has been

reduced by grazing. Generally, plants invade

following disturbance of the surface.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled

by small earth ridges called border dikes, or

borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in

only one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface

through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Ksat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity. (See

Permeability.)

Landform. Any recognizable physical feature on the

Earth’s surface, having a characteristic shape and

range in composition and is produced by natural

causes.

Landscape. Collection of related natural landforms,

usually the land surface, which the eye can

comprehend in a single view.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is

decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear

extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell

potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume

change between the water content of the clod at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension)

and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced

by the amount and type of clay minerals in the

soil. The volume change is the percent change for

the whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the

resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear

extensibility.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined

boundary with the surrounding soil material and

cannot be removed as a discrete unit. Common

compounds making up masses are calcium

carbonate, gypsum or other soluble salts, iron

oxide, and manganese oxide. Masses

consisting of iron oxide or manganese oxide

generally are considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment
Escambia County, Florida 165

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Mountain. A natural elevation of the land surface,

rising more than 1,000 feet above surrounding

lowlands, commonly of restricted summit area

(relative to a plateau) and generally having steep

sides. A mountain can occur as a single, isolated

mass or in a group forming a chain or range.

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Munsell notation. A designation of color by

degrees of three simple variables—hue, value,

and chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR

6/4 is a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and

chroma of 4.

Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that

contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an

adverse effect on the physical condition of the

subsoil.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the

movement of water and the growth of roots. For

example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan,

and traffic pan.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that

mantles an erosion surface and has been

transported to its present position from higher

lying areas of the erosion surface.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a

soil.” A pedon is three dimensional and large

enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area

ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square

meter to 10 square meters), depending on the

variability of the soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables
166 Soil Survey

water or air to move downward through the profile.

The rate at which a saturated soil transmits water

is accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the

“Soil Survey Manual.” In line with conventional

usage in the engineering profession and with

traditional usage in published soil surveys, this

rate of flow continues to be expressed as

“permeability.” Terms describing permeability,

measured in inches per hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................. 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly

weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other

diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles,

usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns.

Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone

hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated

wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed also

to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can

be cut with a spade. It is a form of laterite.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly the

same size. Because there is little difference in size

of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that

maintains enough cover to protect the soil and

maintain or improve the quantity and quality of

the desirable vegetation. This practice

increases the vigor and reproduction capacity of

the key plants and promotes the accumulation

of litter and mulch necessary to conserve soil

and water.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid ...............................................less than 3.5

Extremely acid ............................................ 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ....................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ......................................... 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the
Escambia County, Florida 167

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations and accumulations, redoximorphic

depletions, reduced matrices, a positive reaction

to alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, and other features

indicating the chemical reduction and oxidation of

iron and manganese compounds resulting from

saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off

the surface of the land without sinking into the soil

is called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Salty water (in tables). Water that is too salty for

consumption by livestock.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer

of soil material from the land surface by the action

of rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. The slope bounding a drainageway and

lying between the drainageway and the

adjacent interfluve. It is generally linear along

the slope width and overland flow is parallel

down the slope.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silica-sesquioxide ratio. The ratio of the number of

molecules of silica to the number of molecules of

alumina and iron oxide. The more highly

weathered soils or their clay fractions in warmtemperate, humid regions, and especially those in

the tropics, generally have a low ratio.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil
168 Soil Survey

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land

uses in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of

blocks, prisms, and columns; and in swelling

clayey soils, where there is marked change in

moisture content.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.

In this survey, classes for simple slopes are as

follows:

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 2 percent

Gently sloping ..................................... 2 to 5 percent

Moderately sloping .............................. 5 to 8 percent

Strongly sloping ................................ 8 to 12 percent

Moderately steep ............................ 12 to 20 percent

Steep ............................................... 20 to 35 percent

Classes for complex slopes are as follows:

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 2 percent

Gently undulating ................................ 0 to 5 percent

Undulating ........................................... 2 to 8 percent

Rolling ............................................... 8 to 12 percent

Hilly.................................................. 12 to 35 percent

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that

special practices are required to ensure

satisfactory performance of the soil for a

specific use.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand............................................ 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part

of the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Technically, the E horizon.

Generally refers to a leached horizon lighter in

color and lower in content of organic matter than

the overlying surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).
Escambia County, Florida 169

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only

when one or more of their characteristics are

slightly outside the range defined for the family of

the series for which the soils are named.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or

closed-depression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can easily

be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

171

Tables
172 Soil Survey

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1961-1990 at Pensacola, Florida)

_____________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | ________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | 30% chance | |

 | | | | | to have-- | Average | _____________ |

 Month |Average|Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average

 | daily | daily | daily | | Less | More |days with|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| | |than--|than--|0.10 inch|

 | | | | | | | or more |

 | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | In | In | In | | In _ _ _ __ __ | __ | | __

 | | | | | | | |

January-----| 59.7 | 41.4 | 50.6 | 4.65 | 2.89 | 5.62 | 6 | 0.1

 | | | | | | | |

February----| 63.1 | 44.3 | 53.7 | 5.36 | 3.59 | 6.41 | 6 | .1

 | | | | | | | |

March-------| 69.4 | 51.4 | 60.4 | 5.66 | 3.65 | 6.82 | 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

April-------| 76.4 | 58.1 | 67.3 | 3.41 | 1.99 | 4.14 | 4 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

May---------| 83.2 | 65.7 | 74.5 | 4.20 | 2.09 | 5.13 | 4 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

June--------| 88.7 | 71.9 | 80.3 | 6.40 | 3.83 | 7.76 | 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

July--------| 89.9 | 74.2 | 82.0 | 7.42 | 4.75 | 8.94 | 9 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

August------| 89.2 | 73.8 | 81.5 | 7.33 | 5.27 | 8.65 | 9 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

September---| 86.4 | 70.3 | 78.3 | 5.42 | 2.99 | 6.61 | 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

October-----| 79.2 | 59.6 | 69.4 | 4.14 | 2.19 | 5.64 | 3 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

November----| 70.1 | 51.0 | 60.5 | 3.54 | 2.08 | 4.30 | 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

December----| 62.9 | 44.4 | 53.7 | 4.30 | 2.89 | 5.14 | 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | |

Yearly: | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | |

 Average----| 76.5 | 58.8 | 67.7 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Total------| --- | --- | --- | 61.81 |53.14 |66.92 | 71 | .2

 | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________
Escambia County, Florida 173

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1961-1990 at the Milton Experiment Station)

___________________________________________________________________________

 | Temperature ____________________________________________

 Probability |24 oF or lower|28 oF or lower|32 oF or lower ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

Last freezing temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

1 year in 10 later than-- | February 29 | March 16 | March 30

 | | |

2 years in 10 later than-- | February 20 | March 9 | March 23

 | | |

5 years in 10 later than-- | February 3 | February 25 | March 10

 | | |

First freezing temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

1 year in 10 earlier than-- | November 20 | November 10 | October 31

 | | |

2 years in 10 earlier than-- | December 2 | November 18 | November 6

 | | |

5 years in 10 earlier than-- | December 24 | December 2 | November 17

 | | | ___________________________________________________________________________
174 Soil Survey

Table 3.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

 symbol| | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

 2 |Duckston sand, frequently flooded--------------------------------------------| 91 | *

 3 |Corolla-Duckston sands, gently undulating, flooded---------------------------| 3,171 | 0.7

 4 |Pickney sand-----------------------------------------------------------------| 7,392 | 1.5

 5 |Croatan and Pickney soils, depressional--------------------------------------| 8,437 | 1.8

 6 |Dirego muck, tidal-----------------------------------------------------------| 1,493 | 0.3

 7 |Kureb sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 723 | 0.2

 8 |Newhan-Corolla complex, rolling, rarely flooded------------------------------| 3,433 | 0.7

 9 |Leon sand--------------------------------------------------------------------| 4,452 | 0.9

 10 |Beaches----------------------------------------------------------------------| 766 | 0.2

 11 |Hurricane sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 5,850 | 1.2

 12 |Croatan muck, depressional---------------------------------------------------| 1,138 | 0.2

 13 |Lakeland sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 16,808 | 3.5

 14 |Allanton-Pottsburg complex---------------------------------------------------| 912 | 0.2

 15 |Resota sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 1,152 | 0.2

 16 |Arents-Urban land complex----------------------------------------------------| 5,247 | 1.1

 17 |Kureb sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 68 | *

 18 |Pits-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,634 | 0.3

 19 |Foxworth sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 2,424 | 0.5

 20 |Lakeland sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 1,189 | 0.2

 21 |Lakeland sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 1,466 | 0.3

 22 |Urban land-------------------------------------------------------------------| 3,332 | 0.7

 24 |Poarch sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 7,092 | 1.5

 25 |Poarch sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 11,231 | 2.3

 26 |Poarch sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 1,817 | 0.4

 27 |Escambia fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------| 4,224 | 0.9

 28 |Grady loam-------------------------------------------------------------------| 764 | 0.2

 29 |Perdido sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 2,551 | 0.5

 30 |Perdido sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------------------------------------| 7,857 | 1.6

 31 |Perdido sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------------| 948 | 0.2

 32 |Troup sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 43,693 | 9.1

 33 |Troup sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 8,370 | 1.7

 34 |Troup sand, 8 to 12 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 4,383 | 0.9

 35 |Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 934 | 0.2

 36 |Lucy loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 2,508 | 0.5

 38 |Bonifay loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes------------------------------------| 27,172 | 5.6

 39 |Bonifay loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------------| 4,253 | 0.9

 40 |Eunola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded----------| 988 | 0.2

 41 |Malbis sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 1,475 | 0.3

 42 |Malbis sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 490 | 0.1

 43 |Albany sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 1,353 | 0.3

 44 |Corolla-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded------------| 530 | 0.1

 45 |Troup and Perdido soils, 8 to 35 percent slopes, severely eroded-------------| 1,448 | 0.3

 46 |Garcon-Bigbee-Yemassee complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded--| 976 | 0.2

 47 |Hurricane and Albany soils, 0 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 4,528 | 0.9

 48 |Pelham-Yemassee complex, occasionally flooded--------------------------------| 8,170 | 1.7

 49 |Dorovan muck and Fluvaquents, frequently flooded-----------------------------| 48,176 | 10.0

 50 |Bigbee-Garcon-Fluvaquents complex, flooded-----------------------------------| 10,145 | 2.1

 51 |Pelham loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 5,527 | 1.1

 52 |Robertsdale sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,924 | 0.4

 54 |Troup-Poarch complex, 8 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------------| 48,471 | 10.1

 55 |Troup-Poarch complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------| 2,958 | 0.6

 56 |Troup-Poarch complex, 5 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------------| 7,321 | 1.5

 57 |Cowarts-Troup complex, 12 to 18 percent slopes-------------------------------| 1,445 | 0.3

 58 |Eunola fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded----------| 1,110 | 0.2

 59 |Notcher fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 18,143 | 3.8

 60 |Notcher fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------| 17,384 | 3.6

 61 |Notcher fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------| 2,232 | 0.5

 62 |Bama fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,465 | 0.3

 63 |Bama fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------| 636 | 0.1

 64 |Red Bay fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 7,710 | 1.6

 | | |

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
Escambia County, Florida 175

Table 3.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

 symbol| | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

 65 |Red Bay fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------| 2,286 | 0.5

 66 |Red Bay fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------| 275 | *

 67 |Notcher-Maubila complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------| 1,153 | 0.2

 68 |Notcher-Maubila complex, 5 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------| 894 | 0.2

 69 |Notcher-Maubila complex, 8 to 12 percent slopes------------------------------| 5,961 | 1.2

 70 |Izagora fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded---------| 1,015 | 0.2

 71 |Iuka fine sandy loam, frequently flooded-------------------------------------| 898 | 0.2

 72 |Yemassee fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded--------| 437 | *

 73 |Grady loam, drained----------------------------------------------------------| 1,783 | 0.4

 74 |Lucy loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 889 | 0.2

 75 |Weston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 2,947 | 0.6

 76 |Mantachie-Fluvaquents-Bigbee complex, frequently flooded---------------------| 8,889 | 1.8

 77 |Arents-Water complex, undulating---------------------------------------------| 1,068 | 0.2

 78 |Emory fine sandy loam, ponded------------------------------------------------| 622 | 0.1

 | Areas of water more than 40 acres in size---------------------------------| 58,900 | 12.2

 | |-----------|-------

 | Total-------------------------------------------------------------------| 481,600 | 100.0

 | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

* Less than 0.1 percent.
176 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Land Capability Classes and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. Absence of a yield

 indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the

 soil.)

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | | | Improved | | Winter

 map symbol |capability|Cotton lint| Corn |Bahiagrass | bermuda- | Soybeans | Wheat

 | | | | | grass | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Lbs | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu ___ __ ____ ____ __ __

 | | | | | | |

 2---------------| VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Duckston | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 3---------------| | | | | | |

 Corolla- | VIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Duckston | VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 4---------------| VIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Pickney | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 5---------------| VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Croatan and | | | | | | |

 Pickney | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 6---------------| VIIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Dirego | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 7---------------| VIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Kureb | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 8---------------| VIIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Newhan- | | | | | | |

 Corolla | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 9---------------| IVw | --- | 50 | 7.5 | 9.0 | --- | 25

 Leon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 10--------------| VIIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Beaches | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 11--------------| IIIw | 400 | 80 | 7.0 | 8.0 | --- | 28

 Hurricane | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 12--------------| VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Croatan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 13--------------| IVs | 450 | --- | 7.0 | 7.0 | --- | 25

 Lakeland | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 14--------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Allanton- | VIw | | | | | |

 Pottsburg | IVw | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 15--------------| VIs | --- | --- | 5.0 | 5.0 | --- | ---

 Resota | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 16. | | | | | | |

 Arents- | | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 17--------------| VIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Kureb | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 18--------------| VIIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Pits | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table
Escambia County, Florida 177

Table 4.--Land Capability Classes and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | | | Improved | | Winter

 map symbol |capability|Cotton lint| Corn |Bahiagrass | bermuda- | Soybeans | Wheat

 | | | | | grass | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Lbs | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu ___ __ ____ ____ __ __

 | | | | | | |

 19--------------| IIIs | 450 | --- | 7.5 | 7.5 | 25 | 25

 Foxworth | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 20, 21----------| VIs | --- | --- | 6.5 | 6.5 | --- | ---

 Lakeland | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 22--------------| VIIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Urban land | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 24--------------| I | 900 | 120 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 40 | 50

 Poarch | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 25--------------| IIe | 900 | 120 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 40 | 50

 Poarch | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 26--------------| IIIe | 800 | 100 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 37 | 45

 Poarch | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 27--------------| IIw | 750 | 100 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 30 | 35

 Escambia | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 28--------------| VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Grady | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 29--------------| I | 900 | 120 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 40 | 50

 Perdido | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 30--------------| IIe | 900 | 120 | 8.5 | 10.5 | 40 | 50

 Perdido | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 31--------------| IIIe | 800 | 100 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 37 | 45

 Perdido | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 32--------------| IIIs | 450 | 80 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 28 | 30

 Troup | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 33--------------| IVs | 450 | --- | 7.0 | 7.3 | 25 | 25

 Troup | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 34--------------| VIs | --- | --- | 5.0 | 6.5 | --- | ---

 Troup | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 35, 36----------| IIs | 800 | 80 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 38 | 50

 Lucy | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 38--------------| IIIs | 650 | 75 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 34 | 40

 Bonifay | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 39--------------| IVs | 450 | --- | 7.2 | 7.5 | 25 | 25

 Bonifay | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 40--------------| IIw | 750 | 100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 30 | 35

 Eunola | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 41--------------| I | 900 | 120 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 40 | 50

 Malbis | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
178 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Land Capability Classes and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | | | Improved | | Winter

 map symbol |capability|Cotton lint| Corn |Bahiagrass | bermuda- | Soybeans | Wheat

 | | | | | grass | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Lbs | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu ___ __ ____ ____ __ __

 | | | | | | |

 42--------------| IIe | 900 | 120 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 40 | 50

 Malbis | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 43--------------| IIIw | 800 | 100 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 37 | 45

 Albany | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 44. | | | | | | |

 Corolla- | | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 45--------------| VIIe | --- | --- | 5.9 | 7.1 | --- | ---

 Troup and | | | | | | |

 Perdido | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 46--------------| | | | | | |

 Garcon- | IIw | 750 | 100 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 30 | 35

 Bigbee- | IIIs | 450 | 70 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 28 | 32

 Yemmassee | IIw | 750 | 100 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 30 | 35

 | | | | | | |

 47--------------| IIIw | 600 | 80 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 30 | 35

 Hurricane and | | | | | | |

 Albany | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 48--------------| | | | | | |

 Pelham- | IIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Yemassee | IIw | 750 | 100 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 30 | 35

 | | | | | | |

 49--------------| VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Dorovan and | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 50--------------| | | | | | |

 Bigbee- | IIIs | 450 | 70 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 30 | 32

 Garcon- | IIIw | 750 | 100 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 30 | 35

 Fluvaquents | VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 51--------------| IIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Pelham | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 52--------------| IIIw | 400 | 80 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 28 | 30

 Robertsdale | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 54--------------| | | | | | |

 Troup- | VIs | --- | --- | 5.0 | 5.7 | --- | ---

 Poarch | IVe | 450 | --- | 9.5 | 4.5 | 25 | 25

 | | | | | | |

 55--------------| | | | | | |

 Troup- | IIIs | 450 | 70 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 30 | 32

 Poarch | IIe | 900 | 120 | 9.5 | 5.5 | 40 | 40

 | | | | | | |

 56--------------| | | | | | |

 Troup- | IVs | --- | --- | --- | 6.3 | --- | ---

 Poarch | IIIe | 800 | 100 | 8.5 | 4.5 | 37 | 45

 | | | | | | |

 57--------------| | | | | | |

 Cowarts- | VIe | --- | --- | 4.8 | 6.2 | --- | ---

 Troup | VIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Escambia County, Florida 179

Table 4.--Land Capability Classes and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | | | Improved | | Winter

 map symbol |capability|Cotton lint| Corn |Bahiagrass | bermuda- | Soybeans | Wheat

 | | | | | grass | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Lbs | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu ___ __ ____ ____ __ __

 | | | | | | |

 58--------------| IIe | 900 | 120 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 40 | 50

 Eunola | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 59--------------| I | 900 | 120 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 40 | 50

 Notcher | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 60--------------| IIe | 900 | 120 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 40 | 50

 Notcher | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 61--------------| IIIe | 800 | 100 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 37 | 45

 Notcher | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 62--------------| I | 900 | 120 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 40 | 50

 Bama | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 63--------------| IIe | 900 | 120 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 40 | 50

 Bama | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 64--------------| I | 900 | 120 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 40 | 50

 Red Bay | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 65--------------| IIe | 900 | 120 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 40 | 50

 Red Bay | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 66--------------| IIIe | 800 | 100 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 37 | 45

 Red Bay | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 67--------------| | | | | | |

 Notcher- | IIe | 900 | 120 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 40 | 50

 Maubila | IIIe | 800 | 100 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 37 | 45

 | | | | | | |

 68--------------| | | | | | |

 Notcher- | IIIe | 800 | 100 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 37 | 45

 Maubila | IVe | 450 | 80 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 25 | 25

 | | | | | | |

 69--------------| | | | | | |

 Notcher- | IVe | 450 | --- | 8.0 | 8.0 | 25 | 25

 Maubila | VIe | --- | --- | 6.0 | 5.2 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 70--------------| IIw | 750 | 100 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 30 | 35

 Izagora | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 71--------------| Vw | --- | --- | 7.0 | 8.0 | --- | ---

 Iuka | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 72--------------| IIw | 750 | 100 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 30 | 35

 Yemassee | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 73--------------| IVw | 450 | 65 | 6.0 | --- | 30 | 25

 Grady | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 74--------------| IIIs | 450 | 70 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 30 | 20

 Lucy | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 75--------------| IVw | --- | --- | 7.5 | 8.0 | --- | ---

 Weston | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
180 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Land Capability Classes and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | | | Improved | | Winter

 map symbol |capability|Cotton lint| Corn |Bahiagrass | bermuda- | Soybeans | Wheat

 | | | | | grass | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Lbs | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu ___ __ ____ ____ __ __

 | | | | | | |

 76--------------| | | | | | |

 Mantachie- | Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Fluvaquents- | VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Bigbee | Vw | --- | --- | 7.5 | 7.5 | 28 | 30

 | | | | | | |

 77--------------| | | | | | |

 Arents- | VIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Water | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 78--------------| IIw | 700 | 100 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 30 | 35

 Emory | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Animal-unit-month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow,

one horse, one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.
Table 5.--Woodland Management and Productivity (Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed. Absence of an entry 

 information was not available.) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  __________________________________________________________________ Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | |  map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index|  | | | tion | ity | tion | | |  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  7------------------| 4S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Slash pine------| 45 | 4.1  Kureb | | | | | |Sand pine-------| 60 | 2.9  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 55 | 2.9  | | | | | | | |  9------------------| 8W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 70 | 8.4  Leon | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 70 | 8.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 65 | 4.7  | | | | | | | |  11-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Hurricane | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 75 | 6.3  | | | | | | | |  13-----------------| 5S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slash pine------| 55 | 4.7  Lakeland | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 55 | 3.1  | | | | | |Sand pine-------| 80 | 4.9  | | | | | | | |  14: | | | | | | | |  Allanton----------| 10W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  Pottsburg---------| 10W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 65 | 4.7  | | | | | | | |  15-----------------| 8S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Slash pine------| 65 | 7.5  Resota | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 55 | 3.1  | | | | | |Sand pine-------| 60 | 2.5  | | | | | | | |  17-----------------| 4S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Slash pine------| 45 | 4.1  Kureb | | | | | |Sand pine-------| 60 | 2.9  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 50 | 2.5  | | | | | | | |  19-----------------| 10S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  Foxworth | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 65 | 4.7  | | | | | | | |  20, 21-------------| 5S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slash pine------| 55 | 4.7  Lakeland | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 55 | 3.1  | | | | | |Sand pine-------| 80 | 4.9  | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Table 5.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  __________________________________________________________________ Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | |  map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index|  | | | tion | ity | tion | | |  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  24, 25, 26---------| 11A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Poarch | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 75 | 6.0  | | | | | | | |  27-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Escambia | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  29, 30, 31---------| 11A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Perdido | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  32, 33, 34---------| 11S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  Troup | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  35, 36-------------| 11S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  Lucy | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  38, 39-------------| 10S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  Bonifay | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  40-----------------| 12W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 95 | 12.0  Eunola | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 95 | 12.0  | | | | | | | |  41, 42-------------| 11A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Malbis | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  43-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  Albany | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  45: | | | | | | | |  Troup-------------| 11R |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  Perdido-----------| 11R |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Table 5.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  __________________________________________________________________ Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | |  map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index|  | | | tion | ity | tion | | |  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | |  46: | | | | | | | |  Garcon------------| 10W |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  Bigbee------------| 11S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | | | |  Yemassee----------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | | | |  47: | | | | | | | |  Hurricane---------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  Albany------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  48: | | | | | | | |  Pelham------------| 11W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  Yemassee----------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | | | |  50: | | | | | | | |  Bigbee------------| 11S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | | | |  Garcon------------| 10W |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents. | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  51-----------------| 11W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Pelham | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  52-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Robertsdale | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Table 5.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  __________________________________________________________________ Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | |  map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index|  | | | tion | ity | tion | | |  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  54, 55, 56: | | | | | | | |  Troup-------------| 11S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.6  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  Poarch------------| 11A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 73 | 6.0  | | | | | | | |  57: | | | | | | | |  Cowarts-----------| 11R |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 85 | 10.8  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 85 | 10.8  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 65 | 5.0  | | | | | | | |  Troup-------------| 10R |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  58-----------------| 12W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 95 | 12.0  Eunola | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 95 | 12.0  | | | | | |Sweetgum--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | |  59, 60, 61---------| 11A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Notcher | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  62, 63-------------| 11A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Bama | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 75 | 6.6  | | | | | | | |  64, 65, 66---------| 11A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Red Bay | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 75 | 6.6  67, 68, 69: | | | | | | | |  Notcher-----------| 11A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  Maubila-----------| 10C |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Table 5.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  __________________________________________________________________ Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | |  map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index|  | | | tion | ity | tion | | |  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  70-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Izagora | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  71-----------------| 13W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slash pine------| 100 | 12.8  Iuka | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 100 | 12.8  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  72-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Yemassee | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 80 | 7.0  | | | | | | | |  73-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Grady | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | | | |  74-----------------| 11S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  Lucy | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 80 | 10.0  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 70 | 5.5  | | | | | | | |  75-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Severe |Slash pine------| 90 | 11.4  Weston | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 90 | 11.4  | | | | | | | |  76: | | | | | | | |  Mantachie---------| 13W |Moderate|Severe |Severe |Severe |Slash pine------| 100 | 12.8  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 100 | 12.8  | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents. | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  Bigbee------------| 11S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | | | |  78-----------------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 85 | 10.7  Emory | | | | | |Loblolly pine---| 85 | 10.7  | | | | | |Longleaf pine---| 75 | 6.3  | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________ * Volume is the yield in cubic meters per hectare per year calculated at the age of culmannual increment for fully stocked natural stands.
186 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Recreational Development

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for

 definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was

 not rated.)

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 2------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Duckston | flooding, | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | excess salt,

 | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | too sandy. | wetness.

 | too sandy. | excess salt. | flooding. | |

 | | | | |

 3: | | | | |

 Corolla-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Duckston----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | excess salt,

 | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness. | too sandy. | wetness.

 | too sandy. | excess salt. | | |

 | | | | |

 4------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Pickney | ponding, | ponding, | too sandy, | too sandy, | ponding.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | ponding. | ponding. |

 | | | | |

 5: | | | | |

 Croatan-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | excess humus. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Pickney-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | too sandy, | too sandy, | ponding.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | ponding. | ponding. |

 | | | | |

 6------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Dirego | flooding, | wetness, | excess humus, | wetness, | excess salt,

 | wetness, | excess humus, | wetness, | excess humus. | excess sulfur,

 | excess humus. | excess salt. | flooding. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 7------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Kureb | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 8: | | | | |

 Newhan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | too sandy, | too sandy, | too sandy. | excess salt,

 | too sandy. | excess salt. | excess salt. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Corolla-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | | | |

 | | | | |

 9------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Leon | wetness, | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | wetness.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy. |

 | | | | |

 10-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Beaches | flooding, | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | excess salt,

 | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness. | too sandy. | wetness,

 | too sandy. | excess salt. | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 11-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Hurricane | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 187

Table 6.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 12-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Croatan | flooding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | excess humus. | | | |

 | | | | |

 13-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Lakeland | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 14: | | | | |

 Allanton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | wetness,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Pottsburg---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | wetness,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 15-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Resota | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 16: | | | | |

 Arents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Urban land--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable.

 | | | | |

 17-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Kureb | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 18-----------------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable.

 Pits | | | | |

 | | | | |

 19-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Foxworth | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 20-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Lakeland | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 21-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Lakeland | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 22-----------------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable.

 Urban land | | | | |

 | | | | |

 24-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight.

 Poarch | | | | |

 | | | | |

 25-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Poarch | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 26-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Poarch | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |
188 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 27-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Escambia | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | |

 | | | | |

 28-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Grady | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 29-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight.

 Perdido | | | | |

 | | | | |

 30-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Perdido | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 31-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Perdido | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 32-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Troup | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 33-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Troup | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 34-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Troup | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 35-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate:

 Lucy | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 36-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Lucy | | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 38-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Bonifay | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 39-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Bonifay | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 40-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Eunola | flooding. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness,

 | | | flooding. | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 41-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight.

 Malbis | | | | |

 | | | | |

 42-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Malbis | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 43-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Albany | wetness, | too sandy. | too sandy, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

 44: | | | | |

 Corolla-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Urban land--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable.

 | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 189

Table 6.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 45: | | | | |

 Troup-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope, | too sandy. | slope.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Perdido-----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 46: | | | | |

 Garcon------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | flooding. | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | wetness,

 | | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 Bigbee------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding, | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | too sandy. | | | | flooding,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Yemassee----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 47: | | | | |

 Hurricane---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Albany------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | too sandy. | too sandy, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | wetness, | | wetness. | |

 | too sandy. | | | |

 | | | | |

 48: | | | | |

 Pelham------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness, | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy. |

 | too sandy. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Yemassee----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 49: | | | | |

 Dorovan-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus. | ponding, | excess humus. | flooding,

 | excess humus. | | flooding. | | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness, | percs slowly. | flooding. | | flooding.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 50: | | | | |

 Bigbee------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding, | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | too sandy. | | | | flooding,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |
190 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 50: | | | | |

 Garcon------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | flooding. | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | wetness,

 | | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness, | percs slowly. | flooding. | | flooding.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 51-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Pelham | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | |

 52-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Robertsdale | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 54: | | | | |

 Troup-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Poarch------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 55: | | | | |

 Troup-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Poarch------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 56: | | | | |

 Troup-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Poarch------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Slight.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 57: | | | | |

 Cowarts-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Troup-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope, | too sandy. | slope.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 58-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Eunola | flooding. | wetness. | slope, | wetness. | wetness,

 | | | wetness, | | flooding.

 | | | flooding. | |

 | | | | |

 59-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Notcher | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 60-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Notcher | | | slope, | |

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 191

Table 6.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 61-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Notcher | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 62-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight.

 Bama | | | | |

 | | | | |

 63-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Bama | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 64-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Slight.

 Red Bay | | | | |

 | | | | |

 65-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Red Bay | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 66-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Red Bay | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 67: | | | | |

 Notcher-----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 | | | slope, | |

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Maubila-----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | |

 | | | small stones, | |

 | | | percs slowly. | |

 | | | | |

 68: | | | | |

 Notcher-----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Slight.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 Maubila-----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Slight.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 69: | | | | |

 Notcher-----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Slight.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 Maubila-----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | | slope.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 70-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Izagora | flooding. | wetness. | wetness, | | flooding.

 | | | flooding. | |

 | | | | |

 71-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Iuka | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | flooding.

 | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding. |

 | | | | |

 72-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Yemassee | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 73-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Grady | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 74-----------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Lucy | | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | |
192 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 75-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Weston | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 76: | | | | |

 Mantachie---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | flooding.

 | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding. |

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness, | percs slowly. | flooding. | | flooding.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Bigbee------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | flooding. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 77: | | | | |

 Arents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 78-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Emory | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Escambia County, Florida 193

Table 7.--Wildlife Habitat

 (See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "very poor." Absence of an entry

 indicates that the soil was not rated.)

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Grain | |Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 map symbol | and |Grasses|herba-|Hard- |Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 |seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 |crops |legumes|plants|trees |plants| | areas | life | life | life ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 2------------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor

 Duckston | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corolla-----------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duckston----------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor

 | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 4------------------|Very |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good

 Pickney | poor.| poor. | poor.| | | | | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 5: | | | | | | | | | |

 Croatan-----------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor.| | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Pickney-----------|Very |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good

 | poor.| poor. | poor.| | | | | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 6------------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very |Very |Fair

 Dirego | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 7------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 Kureb | poor.| | | poor.| | poor. | poor. | | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 8: | | | | | | | | | |

 Newhan------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor.| | | poor.| poor.| poor. | poor. | | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Corolla-----------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 9------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor

 Leon | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 10-----------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 Beaches | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 11-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 Hurricane | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 12-----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 Croatan | poor.| | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 13-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 Lakeland | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 14: | | | | | | | | | |

 Allanton----------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Pottsburg---------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 15-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 Resota | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
194 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Grain | |Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 map symbol | and |Grasses|herba-|Hard- |Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 |seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 |crops |legumes|plants|trees |plants| | areas | life | life | life ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 16: | | | | | | | | | |

 Arents------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor.| | | poor.| | poor. | poor. | | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 17-----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 Kureb | poor.| | | poor.| | poor. | poor. | | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 18-----------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 Pits | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 19-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 Foxworth | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 20, 21-------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 Lakeland | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 22. | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 24, 25, 26---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 Poarch | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 27-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 Escambia | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 28-----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 Grady | poor.| | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 29, 30-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Perdido | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 31-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Perdido | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 32, 33, 34---------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 Troup | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 35, 36-------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Lucy | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 38, 39-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 Bonifay | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 40-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Eunola | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 41-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Malbis | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 42-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Malbis | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 43-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor

 Albany | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 44: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corolla-----------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 195

Table 7.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Grain | |Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 map symbol | and |Grasses|herba-|Hard- |Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 |seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 |crops |legumes|plants|trees |plants| | areas | life | life | life ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 44: | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 45: | | | | | | | | | |

 Troup-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Perdido-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 46: | | | | | | | | | |

 Garcon------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Bigbee------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Yemassee----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 47: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hurricane---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Albany------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 48: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pelham------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Yemassee----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 49: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorovan-----------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good

 | poor.| poor. | poor.| poor.| poor.| | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 50: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bigbee------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Garcon------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 51-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair

 Pelham | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 52-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 Robertsdale | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 54, 55, 56: | | | | | | | | | |

 Troup-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Poarch------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 57: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cowarts-----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
196 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Grain | |Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 map symbol | and |Grasses|herba-|Hard- |Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 |seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 |crops |legumes|plants|trees |plants| | areas | life | life | life ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 57: | | | | | | | | | |

 Troup-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 58-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Eunola | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 59-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Notcher | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 60-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Notcher | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 61-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Notcher | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 62-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Bama | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 63-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Bama | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 64-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Red Bay | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 65-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Red Bay | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 66-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Red Bay | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 67: | | | | | | | | | |

 Notcher-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Maubila-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 68, 69: | | | | | | | | | |

 Notcher-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Maubila-----------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 70-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 Izagora | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 71-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor

 Iuka | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 72-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 Yemassee | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 73-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 Grady | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 74-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Lucy | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 197

Table 7.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Grain | |Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 map symbol | and |Grasses|herba-|Hard- |Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 |seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 |crops |legumes|plants|trees |plants| | areas | life | life | life ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 75-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 Weston | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 76: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mantachie---------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Bigbee------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 77: | | | | | | | | | |

 Arents------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor.| | | poor.| | poor. | poor. | | poor. | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 78-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Poor

 Emory | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
198 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Building Site Development

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for

 definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was

 not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not

 eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 2-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Duckston | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | excess salt,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 3: | | | | | |

 Corolla------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | wetness, | droughty.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

 Duckston-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | excess salt,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 4-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Pickney | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 5: | | | | | |

 Croatan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding. | excess

 | | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | | humus.

 | | | | | |

 Pickney------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 6-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Dirego | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | excess salt,

 | excess humus, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | excess

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | sulfur,

 | | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 7-------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Severe:

 Kureb | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 8: | | | | | |

 Newhan-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | excess salt,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Corolla------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | wetness, | droughty.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

 9-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Leon | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 10------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Beaches | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | excess salt,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | wetness,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 199

Table 8.--Building Site Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 11------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Hurricane | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | droughty.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 12------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Croatan | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding. | excess

 | | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | | humus.

 | | | | | |

 13------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate:

 Lakeland | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | | |

 14: | | | | | |

 Allanton-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Pottsburg----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 15------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Severe:

 Resota | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 16: | | | | | |

 Arents-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | droughty.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Urban land---|Variable-------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable.

 | | | | | |

 17------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Kureb | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 18------------|Variable-------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable.

 Pits | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 19------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate:

 Foxworth | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | | |

 20------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate:

 Lakeland | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty,

 | | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | | |

 21------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Lakeland | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope,

 | | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | | |

 22------------|Variable-------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable.

 Urban land | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 24, 25--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight.

 Poarch | wetness. | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | | |

 26------------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight.

 Poarch | wetness. | | wetness. | slope. | |

 | | | | | |
200 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Building Site Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 27------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Escambia | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 28------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Grady | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | | |

 29, 30--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight.

 Perdido | wetness. | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | | |

 31------------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight.

 Perdido | wetness. | | wetness. | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 32------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate:

 Troup | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 33------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate:

 Troup | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 34------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Troup | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 35, 36--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate:

 Lucy | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 38------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate:

 Bonifay | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 39------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate:

 Bonifay | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 40------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Eunola | cutbanks cave,| flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 41, 42--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight.

 Malbis | wetness. | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | | |

 43------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Albany | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | droughty.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 44: | | | | | |

 Corolla------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | wetness, | droughty.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

 Urban land---|Variable-------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable.

 | | | | | |

 45: | | | | | |

 Troup--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Perdido------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | slope. | wetness, | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | slope. | | |

 | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 201

Table 8.--Building Site Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 46: | | | | | |

 Garcon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 Bigbee-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | droughty,

 | | | | | | flooding,

 | | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | | |

 Yemassee-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding. | wetness,

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | droughty,

 | | | | | | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 47: | | | | | |

 Hurricane----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | droughty.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | | |

 Albany-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | droughty.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

 48: | | | | | |

 Pelham-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

 Yemassee-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding. | wetness,

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | droughty,

 | | | | | | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 49: | | | | | |

 Dorovan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding, | flooding,

 | | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | flooding. | excess

 | | | | | | humus.

 | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 50: | | | | | |

 Bigbee-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | droughty,

 | | | | | | flooding,

 | | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | | |

 Garcon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding.

 | | | | | |
202 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Building Site Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 51------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Pelham | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | |

 | | | | | |

 52------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Robertsdale | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 54: | | | | | |

 Troup--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Poarch-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | slope. | wetness, | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | slope. | | |

 | | | | | |

 55: | | | | | |

 Troup--------|Severe: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Poarch-------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | | |

 56: | | | | | |

 Troup--------|Severe: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Poarch-------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 57: | | | | | |

 Cowarts------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Troup--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 58------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Eunola | cutbanks cave,| flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 59, 60--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight.

 Notcher | wetness. | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | | |

 61------------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight.

 Notcher | wetness. | | wetness. | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 62, 63--------|Slight---------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight.

 Bama | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 64, 65--------|Slight---------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight.

 Red Bay | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 66------------|Slight---------|Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight.

 Red Bay | | | | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 67: | | | | | |

 Notcher------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 203

Table 8.--Building Site Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 67: | | | | | |

 Maubila------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | too clayey. | shrink-swell.| shrink-swell.| shrink-swell.| low strength.|

 | | | | | |

 68: | | | | | |

 Notcher------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 Maubila------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | too clayey. | shrink-swell.| shrink-swell.| shrink-swell,| low strength.|

 | | | | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 69: | | | | | |

 Notcher------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 Maubila------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too clayey, | shrink-swell,| shrink-swell,| slope. | low strength.| slope.

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | |

 | | | | | |

 70------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Izagora | wetness. | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | low strength,| flooding.

 | | | wetness. | | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

 71------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Iuka | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding. | flooding.

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | |

 | | | | | |

 72------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Yemassee | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding. | wetness,

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 73------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Grady | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 74------------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Moderate:

 Lucy | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 75------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Weston | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 76: | | | | | |

 Mantachie----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding. | flooding.

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | |

 | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 Bigbee-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | droughty.

 | | | | | |
204 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Building Site Development--Continued

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 77: | | | | | |

 Arents-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | droughty.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 78------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Emory | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | low strength,| ponding.

 | | | | | ponding. |

 | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Escambia County, Florida 205

Table 9.--Sanitary Facilities

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for

 definitions of "slight," "good," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil

 was not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not

 eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 2----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Duckston | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 3: | | | | |

 Corolla---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Duckston--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 4----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Pickney | ponding, | ponding, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | seepage. | ponding, | seepage. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

 5: | | | | |

 Croatan---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

 Pickney---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | ponding, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | seepage. | ponding, | seepage. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

 6----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Dirego | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | excess humus. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 7----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Kureb | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 8: | | | | |

 Newhan----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | flooding. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Corolla---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 9----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Leon | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |
206 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 10---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Beaches | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding. | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 11---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Hurricane | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 12---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Croatan | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

 13---------------|Slight-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Lakeland | | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 14: | | | | |

 Allanton--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Pottsburg-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 15---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Resota | wetness. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | wetness. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 16: | | | | |

 Arents----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Urban land------|Variable---------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable------|Variable.

 | | | | |

 17---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Kureb | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 18---------------|Variable---------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable------|Variable.

 Pits | | | | |

 | | | | |

 19---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Foxworth | wetness. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | wetness. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 20---------------|Slight-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Lakeland | | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 21---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Lakeland | slope. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 207

Table 9.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 22---------------|Variable---------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable------|Variable.

 Urban land | | | | |

 | | | | |

 24---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Poarch | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 25, 26-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Poarch | wetness, | slope, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | seepage. | | |

 | | | | |

 27---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 Escambia | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 28---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Grady | ponding, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 29---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight--------|Poor:

 Perdido | percs slowly. | seepage, | | | thin layer.

 | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | |

 30, 31-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight--------|Poor:

 Perdido | percs slowly. | seepage, | | | thin layer.

 | | slope, | | |

 | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | |

 32, 33-----------|Slight-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Troup | | seepage. | too sandy. | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 34---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Troup | slope. | seepage, | too sandy. | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 35, 36-----------|Slight-----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Severe: |Fair:

 Lucy | | seepage. | | seepage. | too clayey.

 | | | | |

 38, 39-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 Bonifay | wetness, | seepage. | too sandy. | seepage. | too sandy.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 40---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 Eunola | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey,

 | wetness. | flooding, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness,

 | | wetness. | wetness. | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 41---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Malbis | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 42---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Malbis | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 43---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Albany | wetness. | seepage, | wetness, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | | wetness. | too sandy. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |
208 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 44: | | | | |

 Corolla---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Urban land------|Variable---------|Variable--------|Variable--------|Variable------|Variable.

 | | | | |

 45: | | | | |

 Troup-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope. | seepage, | slope, | seepage, | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Perdido---------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly. | slope. | slope. | slope. | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 46: | | | | |

 Garcon----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | thin layer.

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, |

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 Bigbee----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding. | seepage, | seepage. | too sandy.

 | poor filter. | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

 Yemassee--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | seepage, |

 | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 47: | | | | |

 Hurricane-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy.

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 Albany----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness. | seepage, | wetness, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | | wetness. | too sandy. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 48: | | | | |

 Pelham----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness.

 | wetness. | flooding, | wetness. | seepage, |

 | | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 Yemassee--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | seepage, |

 | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 49: | | | | |

 Dorovan---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding,

 | flooding, | excess humus, | seepage, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | |

 | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 209

Table 9.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 49: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 50: | | | | |

 Bigbee----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding. | seepage, | seepage. | too sandy.

 | poor filter. | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

 Garcon----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | thin layer.

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, |

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 51---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Pelham | wetness. | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 52---------------|Severe: |Slight----------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Robertsdale | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 54: | | | | |

 Troup-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope. | seepage, | too sandy. | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Poarch----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | wetness, | slope. | wetness. | wetness, | slope,

 | percs slowly. | | | slope. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 55, 56: | | | | |

 Troup-----------|Slight-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | | seepage. | too sandy. | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Poarch----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | wetness, | slope, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | seepage. | | |

 | | | | |

 57: | | | | |

 Cowarts---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Troup-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope. | seepage, | slope, | seepage, | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 58---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 Eunola | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey,

 | wetness. | flooding, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness,

 | | wetness. | wetness. | | thin layer.

 | | | | |
210 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 59, 60, 61-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 Notcher | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | | | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 62---------------|Slight-----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight--------|Good.

 Bama | | seepage. | | |

 | | | | |

 63---------------|Slight-----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight--------|Good.

 Bama | | seepage, | | |

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 64---------------|Slight-----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight--------|Good.

 Red Bay | | seepage. | | |

 | | | | |

 65, 66-----------|Slight-----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight--------|Good.

 Red Bay | | seepage, | | |

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 67, 68: | | | | |

 Notcher---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | | | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Maubila---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight--------|Poor:

 | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey,

 | | | | | hard to pack.

 | | | | |

 69: | | | | |

 Notcher---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | | | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Maubila---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | slope. | too clayey,

 | | | | | hard to pack.

 | | | | |

 70---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 Izagora | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey,

 | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | percs slowly. | | | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 71---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 Iuka | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 72---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Yemassee | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | seepage, |

 | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 73---------------|Severe: |Slight----------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Grady | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 74---------------|Slight-----------|Severe: |Slight----------|Severe: |Fair:

 Lucy | | seepage. | | seepage. | too clayey.

 | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 211

Table 9.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 75---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Weston | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness,

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | wetness. | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 76: | | | | |

 Mantachie-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Bigbee----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | poor filter. | | wetness. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 77: | | | | |

 Arents----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 78---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Emory | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
212 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Construction Materials

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for

 definitions of "good," "fair," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was

 not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not

 eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 2--------------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Duckston | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 3: | | | |

 Corolla-------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Duckston------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 4--------------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Pickney | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 5: | | | |

 Croatan-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Pickney-------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 6--------------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Dirego | wetness. | | too sandy. | excess humus,

 | | | | excess salt,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 7--------------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Kureb | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 8: | | | |

 Newhan--------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | excess salt.

 | | | |

 Corolla-------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 9--------------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Leon | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 10-------------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Beaches | wetness. | | too sandy. | area reclaim,

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | excess salt.

 | | | |

 11-------------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Hurricane | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 12-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Croatan | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 213

Table 10.--Construction Materials--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 13-------------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Lakeland | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 14: | | | |

 Allanton------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Pottsburg-----------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 15-------------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Resota | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 16: | | | |

 Arents--------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Urban land----------|Variable----------|Variable-----------|Variable-----------|Variable.

 | | | |

 17-------------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Kureb | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 18-------------------|Variable----------|Variable-----------|Variable-----------|Variable

 Pits | | | |

 | | | |

 19-------------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Foxworth | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 20, 21---------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Lakeland | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 22-------------------|Variable----------|Variable-----------|Variable-----------|Variable.

 Urban land | | | |

 | | | |

 24, 25, 26-----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 Poarch | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

 27-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 Escambia | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

 28-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Grady | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 29, 30, 31-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Perdido | thin layer. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer.

 | | | |

 32, 33, 34-----------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Troup | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 35, 36---------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 Lucy | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 38, 39---------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Fair:

 Bonifay | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 40-------------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Fair:

 Eunola | wetness. | | too sandy. | too clayey,

 | | | | thin layer.

 | | | |
214 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Construction Materials--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 41, 42---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 Malbis | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

 43-------------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Albany | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 44: | | | |

 Corolla-------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Urban land----------|Variable----------|Variable-----------|Variable-----------|Variable.

 | | | |

 45: | | | |

 Troup---------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Perdido-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | thin layer. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer.

 | | | |

 46: | | | |

 Garcon--------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 | | | |

 Bigbee--------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Yemassee------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 47: | | | |

 Hurricane-----------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Albany--------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 48: | | | |

 Pelham--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Yemassee------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 49: | | | |

 Dorovan-------------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Fluvaquents---------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | wetness.

 | | | |

 50: | | | |

 Bigbee--------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 215

Table 10.--Construction Materials--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 50: | | | |

 Garcon--------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Fluvaquents---------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | wetness.

 | | | |

 51-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Pelham | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

 52-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 Robertsdale | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 54: | | | |

 Troup---------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Poarch--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | slope.

 | | | |

 55, 56: | | | |

 Troup---------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Poarch--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

 57: | | | |

 Cowarts-------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Troup---------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 58-------------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Fair:

 Eunola | wetness. | | too sandy. | too clayey,

 | | | | thin layer.

 | | | |

 59, 60, 61-----------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Notcher | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 62, 63---------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 Bama | | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

 64, 65, 66-----------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 Red Bay | | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

 67, 68, 69: | | | |

 Notcher-------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 Maubila-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer.

 | | | |

 70-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 Izagora | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | | | |

 71-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 Iuka | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |
216 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Construction Materials--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 72-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 Yemassee | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

 73-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Grady | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 74-------------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 Lucy | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 75-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Weston | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

 76: | | | |

 Mantachie-----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | | | |

 Fluvaquents---------|Poor: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | wetness.

 | | | |

 Bigbee--------------|Good--------------|Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 77: | | | |

 Arents--------------|Fair: |Probable-----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Water. | | | |

 | | | |

 78-------------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 Emory | | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 11.--Water Management (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definit

 "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not evaluated. The i table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investiga_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ___________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation |  | areas | levees | ponds | | |div_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | |  2-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Wet Duckston | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave,| droughty, | to | | piping, | | excess salt. | fast intake. | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  3: | | | | | |  Corolla----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope, |Slope, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| wetness, | to | | piping, | | | droughty. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Duckston---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave,| droughty, | to | | piping, | | excess salt. | fast intake. | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  4-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave, |Droughty, |Pon Pickney | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| ponding. | fast intake, | to | | piping, | | | ponding. | so | | ponding. | | | | bl | | | | | |  5: | | | | | |  Croatan----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Pon | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | soil blowing, | so | | ponding. | | subsides. | percs slowly. | bl | | | | | |  Pickney----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave, |Droughty, |Pon | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| ponding. | fast intake, | to | | piping, | | | ponding. | so | | ponding. | | | | bl | | | | | |  6-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Wet Dirego | seepage. | seepage, | salty water, | subsides, | droughty, | to | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| soil blowing. | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  7-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Kureb | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake, | so | | piping. | | | slope. | bl | | | | | | 
Table 11.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ___________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation |  | areas | levees | ponds | | |div_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  8: | | | | | |  Newhan-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too  | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | so | | piping. | | | fast intake. | bl | | | | | |  Corolla----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | to | | piping, | | | fast intake. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  9-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave, |Wetness, |Wet Leon | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | too acid. | droughty. | to | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  10----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Slope, |Wet Beaches | seepage. | seepage, | salty water, | slope, | wetness, | to | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| droughty. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  11----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wet Hurricane | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | to | | piping. | | | | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  12----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Pon Croatan | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | soil blowing, | so | | ponding. | | subsides. | percs slowly. | bl | | | | | |  13----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Lakeland | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | fast intake. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  14: | | | | | |  Allanton---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | to | | piping, | | | fast intake. | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  Pottsburg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | to | | piping, | | | fast intake. | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | | 
Table 11.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ___________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation |  | areas | levees | ponds | | |div_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | |  15----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Resota | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | fast intake. | so | | piping. | | | | bl | | | | | |  16: | | | | | |  Arents-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | to | | piping, | | | | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  Urban land-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Var | | | | | |  17----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Slo Kureb | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake, | to | slope. | piping. | | | slope. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  18----------------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Var Pits | | | | | |  | | | | | |  19----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Foxworth | seepage. | seepage. | cutbanks cave.| | fast intake. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  20----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too  Lakeland | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | so | | | | | fast intake. | bl | | | | | |  21----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slo Lakeland | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | to | slope. | | | | fast intake. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  22----------------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Var Urban land | | | | | |  | | | | | |  24----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Favorable------|Fav Poarch | seepage. | piping. | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | |  25, 26------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope----------|Slope----------|Fav Poarch | seepage. | piping. | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | |  27----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly---|Wetness, |Wet Escambia | seepage. | wetness. | slow refill. | | percs slowly. | pe | | | | | | s | | | | | | 
Table 11.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ___________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation |  | areas | levees | ponds | | |div_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | |  28----------------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Pon Grady | | ponding. | slow refill. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | pe | | | | | | sl | | | | | |  29----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Fav Perdido | seepage. | thin layer. | no water. | | |  | | | | | |  30, 31------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Fav Perdido | seepage, | thin layer. | no water. | | |  | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  32----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Troup | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake. | so | | piping. | | | | bl | | | | | |  33----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Troup | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake, | so | | piping. | | | slope. | bl | | | | | |  34----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Slo Troup | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake, | to | slope. | piping. | | | slope. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  35----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Lucy | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | fast intake. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  36----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Lucy | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | fast intake, | so | | | | | slope. | bl | | | | | |  38----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Bonifay | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake. | so | | piping. | | | | bl | | | | | |  39----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too  Bonifay | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | so | | piping. | | | fast intake. | bl | | | | | |  40----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding-------|Wetness--------|Wet Eunola | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 11.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ___________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation |  | areas | levees | ponds | | |div_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | |  41----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Fav Malbis | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | |  | | | | | |  42----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Fav Malbis | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | |  | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  43----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Wetness, |Wet Albany | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | slow refill, | droughty. | to | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  44: | | | | | |  Corolla----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | to | | piping, | | | fast intake. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Urban land-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Variable-------|Var | | | | | |  45: | | | | | |  Troup------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Slo | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake, | to | slope. | piping. | | | slope. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  Perdido----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slo | slope. | thin layer. | no water. | | |  | | | | | |  46: | | | | | |  Garcon-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding-------|Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | so | | piping, | | | | bl | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Bigbee-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | fast intake. |  | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | |  Yemassee---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding-------|Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, |  | | wetness. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 
Table 11.--Water Management--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ____________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | a | areas | levees | ponds | | |dive________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  47: | | | | | |  Hurricane--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Wetn | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| droughty, | too  | | piping. | | | fast intake. | so | | | | | | blo | | | | | |  Albany-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Wetness, |Wetn | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | slow refill, | droughty. | too  | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| | so | | wetness. | | | | blo | | | | | |  48: | | | | | |  Pelham-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding-------|Wetness, |Wetn | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | fast intake, | so | | wetness. | | | flooding. | blo | | | | | |  Yemassee---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding-------|Wetness, |Wetn | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, |  | | wetness. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | |  49: | | | | | |  Dorovan----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Pond | seepage. | excess humus, | cutbanks cave.| flooding, | soil blowing, | so | | ponding. | | subsides. | flooding. | blo | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetn | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | flooding, | droughty, | too  | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| fast intake. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  50: | | | | | |  Bigbee-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | fast intake. |  | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | |  Garcon-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding-------|Wetness, |Wetn | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | so | | piping, | | | | blo | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetn | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | flooding, | droughty, | too  | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| fast intake. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 11.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ___________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation |  | areas | levees | ponds | | |div_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | |  51----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Fast intake, |Wet Pelham | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  52----------------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly---|Wetness, |Wet Robertsdale | | piping, | no water. | | percs slowly. | pe | | wetness. | | | | sl | | | | | |  54: | | | | | |  Troup------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Slo | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake, | to | slope. | piping. | | | slope. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  Poarch-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope----------|Slope----------|Slo | seepage. | piping. | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | |  55, 56: | | | | | |  Troup------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake, | so | | piping. | | | slope. | bl | | | | | |  Poarch-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope----------|Slope----------|Fav | seepage. | piping. | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | |  57: | | | | | |  Cowarts----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slo | slope. | piping. | no water. | | droughty. | pe | | | | | | sl | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Troup------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Slo | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake, | to | slope. | piping. | | | slope. | so | | | | | | bl | | | | | |  58----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Slope, |Wet Eunola | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| slope. | wetness. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  59----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Fav Notcher | seepage. | thin layer, | slow refill. | | |  | | piping, | | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 11.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ___________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation |  | areas | levees | ponds | | |div_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | |  60, 61------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Fav Notcher | seepage, | thin layer, | slow refill. | | |  | slope. | piping, | | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  62----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Fav Bama | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | |  | | | | | |  63----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Fav Bama | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | |  | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  64----------------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Fav Red Bay | seepage. | | no water. | | |  | | | | | |  65, 66------------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Fav Red Bay | seepage, | | no water. | | |  | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  67, 68: | | | | | |  Notcher----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Fav | seepage, | thin layer, | slow refill. | | |  | slope. | piping, | | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Maubila----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly, |Per | slope. | hard to pack. | no water. | | slope. | sl | | | | | |  69: | | | | | |  Notcher----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Fav | seepage, | thin layer, | slow refill. | | |  | slope. | piping, | | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Maubila----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly, |Slo | slope. | hard to pack. | no water. | | slope. | pe | | | | | | sl | | | | | | 70-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Flooding-------|Wetness--------|Wet Izagora | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  71----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Flooding-------|Wetness, |Wet Iuka | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | flooding. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 11.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ___________________________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Te map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation |  | areas | levees | ponds | | |div_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | |  72----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Flooding-------|Wetness--------|Wet Yemassee | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  73----------------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly---|Wetness, |Wet Grady | | wetness. | slow refill. | | percs slowly. | pe | | | | | | sl | | | | | |  74----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too  Lucy | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | fast intake, | so | | | | | slope. | bl | | | | | |  75----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness--------|Wet Weston | seepage. | piping, | no water. | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  76: | | | | | |  Mantachie--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Flooding-------|Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | flooding. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | flooding, | droughty, | to | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| fast intake. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Bigbee-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, |  | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | |  77: | | | | | |  Arents-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope, |Slope, |Wet | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| wetness, | to | | piping, | | | droughty. | so | | wetness. | | | | bl | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | |  | | | | | |  78----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding--------|Ponding--------|Pon Emory | seepage. | piping, | no water. | | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
226 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 2--------------| 0-4 |Sand-------------|SP-SM, SP |A-2, A-3 | 100 |95-100|60-75 | 3-12| 10-15 | NP

 Duckston | 4-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP-SM, SP |A-2, A-3 | 100 |95-100|60-75 | 3-12| 10-15 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corolla-------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SW, SP-SM,|A-2, A-3 |80-100|75-100|60-95 | 1-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | SP | | | | | | |

 | 5-80|Sand, fine sand--|SW, SP-SM,|A-2, A-3 |80-100|75-100|60-95 | 1-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | SP | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duckston------| 0-4 |Sand-------------|SP-SM, SP |A-2, A-3 | 100 |95-100|60-75 | 3-12| 10-15 | NP

 | 4-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP-SM, SP |A-2, A-3 | 100 |95-100|60-75 | 3-12| 10-15 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 4--------------| 0-10|Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 100 | 100 |50-80 | 5-25| 10-14 | NP

 Pickney |10-80|Sand, coarse sand|SP, SP-SM,|A-2, A-3 | 100 | 100 |50-90 | 3-25| 10-14 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 5: | | | | | | | | | |

 Croatan-------| 0-25|Muck-------------|PT | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 |25-33|Loam, mucky sandy|CL, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |75-100|36-95| 18-45 | 4-15

 | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM| | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |33-80|Variable---------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Pickney-------| 0-10|Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 100 | 100 |50-80 | 5-25| 10-14 | NP

 |10-80|Sand, coarse sand|SP, SP-SM,|A-2, A-3 | 100 | 100 |50-90 | 3-25| 10-14 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 6--------------| 0-35|Muck-------------|PT |A-8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Dirego |35-80|Fine sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 6-13| 0-14 | NP

 | | fine sand, mucky| | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 7--------------| 0-3 |Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |60-100| 0-7 | 10-14 | NP

 Kureb | 3-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |60-100| 0-7 | 10-14 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 8: | | | | | | | | | |

 Newhan--------| 0-3 |Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-3 |95-100|95-100|60-75 | 0-5 | 10-14 | NP

 | 3-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 |95-100|95-100|60-75 | 0-5 | 10-14 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Corolla-------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SW, SP-SM,|A-2, A-3 |80-100|75-100|60-95 | 1-12| 0-14 | NP

 | 5-80|Sand, fine sand | SP | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 9--------------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 2-12| 0-14 | NP

 Leon | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 5-18|Sand, fine sand |SP, SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 2-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 |18-26|Sand, fine sand, |SM, SP-SM,|A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 3-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | SP | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 |26-65|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 2-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 |65-80|Sand, fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 3-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | SP | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 10-------------| 0-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP |A-1, A-3 | 100 |75-100| 5-85 | 0-5 | 0-14 | NP

 Beaches | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 227

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 11-------------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |78-100| 4-8 | 0-14 | NP

 Hurricane | 5-58|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |78-100| 4-8 | 0-14 | NP

 |58-80|Sand, fine sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 5-15| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 12-------------| 0-25|Muck-------------|PT | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Croatan |25-33|Loam, mucky sandy|CL, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |75-100|36-95| 18-45 | 4-15

 | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM| | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |33-80|Variable---------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 13-------------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SP-SM |A-3, |90-100|90-100|60-100| 5-12| 0-14 | NP

 Lakeland | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 5-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3, |90-100|90-100|50-100| 1-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 14: | | | | | | | | | |

 Allanton------| 0-10|Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |80-100| 2-5 | 0-14 | NP

 |10-53|Sand, fine sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 2-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 |53-80|Sand, fine sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 5-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Pottsburg-----| 0-7 |Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |80-100| 2-10| 0-14 | NP

 | 7-53|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |80-100| 1-8 | 0-14 | NP

 |53-80|Sand, fine sand, |SP-SM, |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 4-18| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | SP-SM, | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | SP, SM | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 15-------------| 0-3 |Sand-------------|SP, SM, |A-3, | 100 | 100 |85-99 | 1-15| 0-14 | NP

 Resota | | | SP-SM | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 3-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SM, |A-3, | 100 | 100 |85-99 | 1-15| 0-14 | NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 16: | | | | | | | | | |

 Arents--------| 0-80|Variable---------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 17-------------| 0-3 |Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |60-100| 0-7 | 0-14 | NP

 Kureb |3-80 |Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |60-100| 0-7 | 0-14 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 18. | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 19-------------| 0-6 |Sand-------------|SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |60-100| 5-12| 0-14 | NP

 Foxworth | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 6-45|Sand, fine sand--|SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |60-100| 5-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 |45-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |50-100| 1-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 20, 21---------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SP-SM |A-3, |90-100|90-100|60-100| 5-12| 0-14 | NP

 Lakeland | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 5-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3, |90-100|90-100|50-100| 1-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
228 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 22. | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 24, 25, 26-----| 0-5 |Sandy loam-------|SM, SC-SM |A-4, |95-100|95-100|70-95 |30-50| 15-25 | NP-5

 Poarch | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 5-31|Loam, sandy loam |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |95-100|95-100|85-95 |51-75| 20-30 | NP-10

 | | | CL | | | | | | |

 |31-80|Loam, sandy loam |ML, CL, |A-4 |85-100|85-100|85-95 |51-75| 20-30 | 2-10

 | | |CL-ML | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 27-------------| 0-10|Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |95-100|95-100|70-90 |40-65| <25 | NP-7

 Escambia | | | SP, SP-SM| | | | | | |

 |10-24|Fine sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4, A-6 |95-100|95-100|70-95 |40-75| 16-30 | 4-15

 | | loam, sandy | CL, CL-ML| | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |24-80|Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 |87-95 |87-95 |60-95 |35-80| 20-40 | 4-20

 | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 28-------------| 0-5 |Loam-------------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 |99-100|85-100|50-75| <30 | NP-15

 Grady | | | CL | | | | | | |

 | 5-11|Clay loam, sandy |CL |A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|51-80| 25-40 | 11-20

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | |

 |11-80|Clay, sandy clay |CL, CH, MH|A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 |90-100|55-90| 30-51 | 12-24

 | | | | | | | | | |

 29, 30, 31-----| 0-8 |Sandy loam-------|SM, ML, |A-2, A-4 |95-100|92-100|65-95 |25-55| <25 | NP-7

 Perdido | | | CL-ML | | | | | | |

 | 8-48|Sandy loam, fine |SC, CL, |A-2, A-4 |95-100|92-100|65-95 |25-55| 15-30 | 5-15

 | | sandy loam. | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | |

 |48-57|Sandy loam, sandy|SM, ML |A-4, A-5 | 5-100|92-100|70-98 |45-75| 30-49 | 4-15

 | | clay loam. | | A-7 | | | | | |

 |57-80|Sandy loam, sandy|SM, ML |A-4, A-5 | 5-100|92-100|70-98 |45-75| 30-49 | 4-15

 | | clay loam. | | A-7 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 32, 33, 34-----| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 5-100|90-100|50-75 |10-30| 0-14 | NP

 Troup | 5-58|Sand, fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 5-100|90-100|50-75 |10-30| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine sand.| | | | | | | |

 |58-68|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 7-100|95-100|55-95 |15-50| 10-30 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |68-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4, A-2,| 5-100|90-100|60-90 |24-55| 19-40 | 4-20

 | | sandy loam, fine| CL-ML, CL| A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 35, 36---------| 0-6 |Loamy sand-------|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-4 |89-100|95-100|50-90 |10-40| 0-14 | NP

 Lucy | 6-26|Loamy sand, sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-4 |89-100|95-100|50-90 |10-40| 0-14 | NP

 |26-38|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 7-100|95-100|55-95 |15-50| 10-30 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |38-65|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-2, A-6,| 100 |95-100|60-95 |20-50| 20-40 | 3-20

 | | clay loam, sandy| SM | A-4 | | | | | |

 | | clay. | | | | | | | |

 |65-80|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,|97-100|95-100|55-95 |15-50| 10-30 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 229

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 38, 39---------| 0-54|Loamy sand-------|SM |A-2-4 |98-100|98-100|65-95 |13-20| 0-14 | NP

 Bonifay |54-80|Sandy loam, sandy|SC-SM, SC,|A-2-4, |95-100|90-100|63-95 |23-50| <30 | NP-12

 | | clay loam, fine | SM | A-4, | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | A-2-6, | | | | | |

 | | | | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 40-------------| 0-10|Fine sandy loam |SM |A-2, A-4 | 100 |98-100|60-85 |30-50| <30 | NP

 Eunola |10-28|Sandy clay loam, |SM, SC, |A-4, A-2,| 100 |90-100|75-95 |30-60| <36 | NP-15

 | | clay loam, fine | SC-SM, CL| A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 |28-38|Sandy clay loam, |SM, SC, |A-4, A-6,| 100 |98-100|80-95 |36-60| 22-50 | 3-26

 | | sandy clay, clay| ML, CL | A-7 | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |38-55|Sandy loam, sandy|SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 100 |98-100|60-70 |30-40| <30 | NP-10

 | | clay loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 |55-80|Sand, loamy sand,|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 100 |98-100|50-75 | 5-30| <20 | NP

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 41, 42---------| 0-7 |Sandy loam-------|SM, ML |A-4 | 100 |97-100|91-97 |40-62| <30 | NP-5

 Malbis | 7-22|Loam, sandy clay |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 |99-100|95-100|80-100|55-70| 21-35 | 5-11

 | | loam, fine sandy| | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |22-72|Sandy clay loam, |ML, CL |A-4, A-6,|98-100|96-100|90-100|56-80| 29-49 | 4-15

 | | clay loam, loam.| | A-7 | | | | | |

 |72-80|Sandy clay loam, |ML, CL |A-4, A-5,|98-100|96-100|90-100|56-80| 30-49 | 4-15

 | | clay loam. | | A-6, A-7| | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 43-------------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 100 | 100 |75-90 |10-20| 0-14 | NP

 Albany | 5-57|Sand, fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 5-100|90-100|50-75 |10-30| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine sand.| | | | | | | |

 |57-72|Sandy loam-------|SM |A-2 | 100 | 100 |75-92 |22-30| <30 | NP

 |72-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,|97-100|95-100|70-100|20-50| <40 | NP-17

 | | sandy loam, fine| SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 44: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corolla-------| 0-80|Sand-------------|SW, SP-SM,|A-2, A-3 |80-100|75-100|60-95 | 1-12| 0-14 | NP

 | | | SP | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 45: | | | | | | | | | |

 Troup---------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 |95-100|90-100|50-75 |10-30| 0-14 | NP

 | 5-58|Sand, loamy fine |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | sand, loamy | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | sand, fine sand.| | | | | | | |

 |58-68|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 7-100|95-100|55-95 |15-50| 10-30 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |68-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4, A-2,| 5-100|90-100|60-90 |24-55| 19-40 | 4-20

 | | sandy loam, fine| CL-ML, CL| A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
230 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 45: | | | | | | | | | |

 Perdido-------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-------|SM, ML, |A-2, A-4 |95-100|92-100|65-95 |25-55| <25 | NP-7

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | |

 | 8-48|Sandy loam, fine |SC, CL, |A-2, A-4 |95-100|92-100|65-95 |25-55| 15-30 | 5-15

 | | sandy loam. | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | |

 |48-57|Sandy loam, sandy|SM, ML |A-4, A-5 |95-100|92-100|70-98 |45-75| 30-49 | 4-15

 | | clay loam. | | A-7 | | | | | |

 |57-80|Sandy loam, sandy|SM, ML |A-4, A-5 |95-100|92-100|70-98 |45-75| 30-49 | 4-15

 | | clay loam. | | A-7 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 46: | | | | | | | | | |

 Garcon--------| 0-5 |Loamy fine sand--|SP-SM, SM |A-3, | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-20| <20 | NP

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 5-27|Loamy fine sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand, fine| | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | |

 |27-57|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4 | 100 |85-100|80-95 |18-35| <25 | NP-7

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |57-80|Fine sand, sand, |SP-SM, SP |A-3 | 100 |95-100|50-75 | 5-30| <20 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | |A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Bigbee--------| 0-7 |Fine sand--------|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, |85-100|85-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | 7-80|Sand, fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2 |85-100|85-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand, | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine sand.| | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Yemassee------| 0-12|Fine sandy loam--|SM |A-2 | 100 | 100 |75-100|22-55| <30 | NP-7

 |12-48|Sandy clay loam, |CL, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 100 | 100 |75-100|30-70| 16-38 | 4-18

 | | clay loam, fine | CL-ML, | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 |48-74|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,| 100 | 100 |75-100|25-55| <35 | NP-15

 | | fine sandy loam,| CL-ML, | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 |74-80|Variable---------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 47: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hurricane-----| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |78-100| 4-8 | 0-14 | NP

 | 5-58|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |78-100| 4-8 | 0-14 | NP

 |58-70|Sand, fine sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-3, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 5-15| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 |70-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM,|A-3, | 100 | 100 |90-100| 4-15| 0-14 | NP

 | | | SM | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Albany--------| 0-7 |Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 100 | 100 |75-90 |10-20| 0-14 | NP

 | 7-57|Sand, fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 5-100|90-100|50-75 |10-30| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine sand.| | | | | | | |

 |57-72|Sandy loam-------|SM |A-2 | 100 | 100 |75-92 |22-30| <20 | NP

 |72-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,|97-100|95-100|70-100|20-50| <40 | NP-17

 | | sandy loam. | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 231

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 48: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pelham--------| 0-5 |Loamy sand-------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 100 |95-100|75-90 |10-25| 0-14 | NP

 | 5-35|Loamy fine sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, | 100 |98-100|50-75 | 5-30| <20 | NP

 | | loamy sand, | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | |

 |35-58|Sandy clay loam, |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 100 |95-100|65-90 |27-50| 15-30 | 2-12

 | | sandy loam, fine| SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 |58-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,| 100 |95-100|65-90 |27-65| 20-45 | 3-20

 | | sandy loam, | ML, CL | A-6, A-7| | | | | |

 | | sandy clay. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Yemassee------| 0-12|Fine sandy loam--|SM |A-2 | 100 | 100 |75-100|25-50| <30 | NP-7

 |12-48|Sandy clay loam, |CL, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 100 | 100 |75-100|30-70| 16-38 | 4-18

 | | clay loam, fine | CL-ML, | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 |48-74|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,| 100 | 100 |75-100|25-55| <35 | NP-15

 | | fine sandy loam,| CL-ML, | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 |74-80|Variable---------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 49: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorovan-------| 0-8 |Muck-------------|PT | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-80|Muck-------------|PT | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents---| 0-4 |Mucky fine sand--|SM, SP, |A-2-4, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 4-15| 10-14 | NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | |

 | 4-25|Loamy sand, sandy|SM |A-2-4 | 100 | 100 |50-70 |15-35| <35 | NP-7

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |25-40|Loamy sand, sandy|SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4, | 100 | 100 |50-70 |15-35| <35 | NP-13

 | | loam, sandy clay| SC | A-2-6 | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |40-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |90-100| 2-6 | 0-14 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 50: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bigbee--------| 0-7 |Fine sand--------|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, | 100 |85-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | 7-80|Sand, fine sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, | 100 |85-100|80-95 | 8-30| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Garcon--------| 0-5 |Loamy fine sand--|SP-SM, SM |A-3, | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 5-27|Loamy fine sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand, fine| | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | |

 |27-57|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4 | 100 |85-100|80-95 |18-35| <25 | NP-7

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |57-80|Fine sand, sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-3 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-10| 0-14 | NP

 | | loamy sand. | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents---| 0-4 |Mucky fine sand--|SM, SP, |A-2-4, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 4-15| 10-14 | NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | |

 | 4-25|Loamy sand, sandy|SM |A-2-4 | 100 | 100 |50-70 |15-35| <35 | NP-7

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |25-40|Loamy sand, sandy|SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4, | 100 | 100 |50-70 |15-35| <35 | NP-13

 | | loam, sandy clay| SC | A-2-6 | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |40-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |90-100| 2-6 | 0-14 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |
232 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 51-------------| 0-5 |Loamy sand-------|SM |A-2 | 100 |95-100|75-100|15-30| 0-14 | NP

 Pelham | 5-35|Loamy fine sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-30| <20 | NP

 | | loamy sand, fine| | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | |

 |35-58|Sandy clay loam, |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 100 |95-100|65-100|27-50| 15-30 | 2-12

 | | sandy loam, fine| SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 |58-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,| 100 |95-100|65-100|27-65| 20-45 | 3-20

 | | sandy loam, | ML, CL | A-6, A-7| | | | | |

 | | sandy clay. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 52-------------| 0-12|Sandy loam-------|SC-SM, |A-4 |90-100|75-100|70-100|40-60| <25 | NP-7

 Robertsdale | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | |

 | | | SM, ML | | | | | | |

 |12-24|Clay loam, sandy |CL-ML, CL,|A-4 |80-100|70-100|65-95 |40-60| 20-30 | 4-10

 | | clay loam, loam.| SC, SC-SM| | | | | | |

 |24-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 |90-100|80-100|70-95 |40-60| 25-35 | 4-12

 | | clay loam, loam.| CL-ML, | | | | | | |

 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 54, 55, 56: | | | | | | | | | |

 Troup---------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 |95-100|90-100|50-75 |10-30| 0-14 | NP

 | 5-58|Sand, loamy fine |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | sand, loamy | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | sand, fine sand.| | | | | | | |

 |58-68|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 7-100|95-100|55-95 |15-50| 10-30 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |68-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4, A-2,| 5-100|90-100|60-90 |24-55| 19-40 | 4-20

 | | sandy loam, fine| CL-ML, CL| A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Poarch--------| 0-5 |Sandy loam-------|SM, SC-SM |A-4, |95-100|95-100|70-95 |30-50| 15-25 | NP-5

 | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |

 | 5-31|Loam, fine sandy |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |95-100|95-100|85-95 |51-75| 20-30 | NP-10

 | | loam, sandy | CL | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |31-80|Loam, fine sandy |ML, CL, |A-4 |85-100|85-100|85-95 |51-75| 20-30 | 2-10

 | | loam, sandy | CL-ML | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 57: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cowarts-------| 0-9 |Sandy loam-------|SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 |95-100|90-100|75-90 |20-40| <20 | NP-5

 | 9-32|Fine sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC,|A-2, A-4,|95-100|90-100|60-95 |23-45| 20-40 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |32-80|Sandy loam, sandy|SC-SM, SC,|A-2, A-4,|85-100|80-100|60-95 |25-58| 25-53 | 5-20

 | | clay loam. | CL-ML, CL| A-6 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Troup---------| 0-5 |Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 |95-100|90-100|50-75 |10-30| 0-14 | NP

 | 5-58|Sand, loamy fine |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 8-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | sand, loamy | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | sand, fine sand.| | | | | | | |

 |58-68|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 7-100|95-100|55-95 |15-50| 10-30 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |68-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4, A-2,| 5-100|90-100|60-90 |24-55| 19-40 | 4-20

 | | sandy loam, fine| CL-ML, CL| A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 233

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 58-------------| 0-10|Fine sandy loam--|SM |A-2, A-4 | 100 |98-100|60-85 |30-50| <20 | NP

 Eunola |10-28|Sandy loam, sandy|SM, SC, |A-4, A-2,| 100 |90-100|75-95 |30-60| <36 | NP-15

 | | clay loam, fine | SC-SM, CL| A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 |28-50|Sandy clay loam, |SM, SC, |A-4, A-6,| 100 |98-100|80-95 |36-60| 22-50 | 3-26

 | | sandy clay, clay| ML, CL | A-7 | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |50-80|Sand, loamy sand,|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 100 |98-100|50-75 | 5-30| 0-14 | NP

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 59, 60, 61-----| 0-12|Fine sandy loam--|SM |A-2, A-4 |80-95 |78-95 |70-90 |20-50| <20 | NP

 Notcher |12-48|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 |75-95 |70-95 |60-80 |36-60| 20-35 | 7-20

 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | |

 |48-80|Sandy clay loam, |CH, CL, |A-6, A-7 |85-100|85-100|70-98 |36-75| 30-55 | 11-23

 | | clay loam. | SC, SM | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 62, 63---------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam--|SM, SC, |A-4 | 0 |85-100|70-95 |40-70| <30 | NP-10

 Bama | | | SC-SM, | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | |

 | 6-56|Loam, sandy clay |SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 |85-100|80-95 |36-70| 15-35 | 2-15

 | | loam, fine sandy| SC-SM, | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | |

 |56-80|Loam, sandy clay |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 |80-100|80-95 |40-70| 20-40 | 8-18

 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 64, 65, 66-----| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam--|SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 |95-100|60-85 |15-45| <20 | NP-4

 Red Bay | 6-80|Sandy loam, sandy|SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 0 |95-100|60-85 |15-50| <35 | NP-10

 | | clay loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 67: | | | | | | | | | |

 Notcher-------| 0-12|Fine sandy loam--|SM |A-2, A-4 |80-95 |78-95 |70-90 |20-50| <20 | NP

 |12-48|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 |75-95 |70-95 |60-80 |36-60| 20-35 | 7-20

 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | |

 |48-80|Sandy clay loam, |CH, CL, |A-6, A-7 |85-100|85-100|70-98 |36-75| 30-55 | 11-23

 | | clay loam. | SC, SM | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Maubila-------| 0-4 |Gravelly fine |SM, SC-SM,|A-2 |90-100|85-100|60-95 |10-35| <25 | NP-6

 | | sandy loam. | SP-SM | | | | | | |

 | 4-9 |Loamy fine sand, |SM |A-2 | 0-100|85-100|61-95 |10-35| 15-25 | NP-6

 | | fine sandy loam,|SP-SM | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 | 9-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-6, A-7 |95-100|90-100|80-95 |45-90| 35-50 | 12-25

 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 68: | | | | | | | | | |

 Notcher-------| 0-12|Fine sandy loam--|SM |A-2, A-4 |80-95 |78-95 |70-90 |20-50| <20 | NP

 |12-48|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 |75-95 |70-95 |60-80 |36-60| 20-35 | 7-20

 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | |

 |48-80|Sandy clay loam, |CH, CL, |A-6, A-7 |85-100|85-100|70-98 |36-75| 30-55 | 11-23

 | | clay loam. | SC, SM | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
234 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 68: | | | | | | | | | |

 Maubila-------| 0-4 |Gravelly fine |SM, SC-SM,|A-2 |90-100|85-100|60-95 |10-35| <25 | NP-6

 | | sandy loam. | SP-SM | | | | | | |

 | 4-9 |Loamy fine sand, |SM |A-2 |90-100|85-100|61-95 |10-35| 15-25 | NP-6

 | | fine sandy loam,|SP-SM | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 | 9-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-6, A-7 |95-100|90-100|80-95 |45-90| 35-50 | 12-25

 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 69: | | | | | | | | | |

 Notcher-------| 0-12|Fine sandy loam--|SM |A-2, A-4 |80-95 |78-95 |70-90 |20-50| <20 | NP

 |12-48|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 |75-95 |70-95 |60-80 |36-60| 20-35 | 7-20

 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | |

 |48-80|Sandy clay loam, |CH, CL, |A-6, A-7 |85-100|85-100|70-98 |36-75| 30-55 | 11-23

 | | clay loam. | SC, SM | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Maubila-------| 0-4 |Gravelly fine |SM, SC-SM,|A-2 |90-100|85-100|60-95 |10-35| <25 | NP-6

 | | sandy loam. | SP-SM | | | | | | |

 | 4-9 |Loamy fine sand, |SM |A-2 |90-100|85-100|61-95 |10-35| 15-25 | NP-6

 | | fine sandy loam,|SP-SM | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 | 9-80|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-6, A-7 |95-100|90-100|80-95 |45-90| 35-50 | 12-25

 | | clay, clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 70-------------| 0-10|Fine sandy loam--|SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |95-100|95-100|70-95 |40-65| <25 | NP-5

 Izagora | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | |

 |10-28|Fine sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |95-100|85-100|65-100|36-75| <30 | NP-7

 | | sandy loam, | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | |

 |28-80|Clay loam, clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 |95-100|95-100|90-100|70-95| 35-60 | 20-40

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 71-------------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam--|SM, SC-SM,|A-4, A-2 |95-100|90-100|70-100|30-60| <20 | NP-7

 Iuka | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | |

 | 9-20|Fine sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |95-100|85-100|65-100|36-75| <30 | NP-7

 | | loam. | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | |

 |20-80|Sandy loam, fine |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 |95-100|90-100|70-100|25-60| <30 | NP-7

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 72-------------| 0-12|Fine sandy loam--|SM |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |75-100|25-50| <30 | NP-7

 Yemassee |12-48|Sandy clay loam, |CL, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 100 | 100 |75-100|30-70| 16-38 | 4-18

 | | clay loam, fine | CL-ML, | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 |48-74|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,| 100 | 100 |75-100|25-55| <35 | NP-15

 | | fine sandy loam,| CL-ML, | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 |74-80|Variable---------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 73-------------| 0-5 |Loam-------------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 |99-100|85-100|50-75| <30 | NP-15

 Grady | | | CL | | | | | | |

 | 5-11|Clay loam, sandy |CL |A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|51-80| 25-40 | 11-20

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | |

 |11-80|Clay, sandy clay |CL, ML, CH|A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 |90-100|55-90| 36-51 | 12-25

 | | | | | | | | | |
Escambia County, Florida 235

Table 12.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | | sieve number-- |Liquid |Plas- __________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit |ticity

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | | | | | Pct | __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | |

 74-------------| 0-26|Loamy sand-------|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-4 |98-100|95-100|50-90 |10-40| 0-14 | NP

 Lucy |26-38|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,|97-100|95-100|55-95 |15-50| 10-30 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 |38-65|Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-2, A-6,| 100 |95-100|60-95 |20-50| 20-40 | 3-20

 | | clay loam, sandy| SM | A-4 | | | | | |

 | | clay. | | | | | | | |

 |65-80|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,|97-100|95-100|55-95 |15-50| 10-30 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 75-------------| 0-4 |Fine sandy loam--|SM, SC-SM,|A-4, A-2,| 100 |98-100|60-85 | 3-50| <20 | NP-5

 Weston | | | SP, SP-SM| A-3 | | | | | |

 | 4-68|Sandy loam, loam,|SM, SC-SM,|A-4, A-2 | 100 |98-100|60-95 |30-70| <25 | NP-7

 | | fine sandy loam.| ML, CL-ML| | | | | | |

 |68-80|Variable---------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 76: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mantachie-----| 0-6 |Loam-------------|CL-ML, |A-4 |95-100|90-100|60-85 |40-60| <20 | NP-5

 | | | SC-SM, | | | | | | |

 | | | SM, ML | | | | | | |

 | 6-80|Loam, clay loam, |CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 |95-100|90-100|80-95 |45-80| 20-40 | 5-15

 | | sandy clay loam.| SC-SM, | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents---| 0-4 |Mucky fine sand--|SM, SP, |A-2-4, | 100 | 100 |80-100| 4-15| 0-14 | NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | |

 | 4-25|Loamy sand, sandy|SM |A-2-4 | 100 | 100 |50-70 |15-35| <35 | NP-7

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |25-40|Loamy sand, sandy|SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4, | 100 | 100 |50-70 |15-35| <35 | NP-13

 | | loam, sandy clay| SC | A-2-6 | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | |

 |40-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP, SP-SM |A-3 | 100 | 100 |90-100| 2-6 | 0-14 | NP

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Bigbee--------| 0-7 |Fine sand--------|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, | 100 |95-100|50-75 | 5-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | 7-80|Sand, fine sand--|SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, |85-100|85-100|50-75 | 5-20| 0-14 | NP

 | | | | A-3 | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 77: | | | | | | | | | |

 Arents--------| 0-80|Variable---------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 78-------------| 0-10|Fine sandy loam--|SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 100 |95-100|60-85 |15-45| <20 | NP-4

 Emory |10-80|Sandy loam, sandy|SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 100 |95-100|60-85 |15-50| <35 | NP-10

 | | clay loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 13.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils (Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibi

 "Organic matter" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data  or were not estimated.) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Ero Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | fac ____ map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell |  | | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH |mmhos/cm| |  __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ________  | | | | | | | | |  2----------------| 0-4 | 0-4 |1.60-1.70| >20 |0.35-0.45|3.5-8.4 | 8-16 |Low-------|0.10 Duckston | 4-80| 0-4 |1.60-1.70| >20 |0.02-0.05|3.5-8.4 | 4-8 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  3: | | | | | | | | |  Corolla---------| 0-80| 0-3 |1.60-1.70| >20 |0.01-0.03|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  Duckston--------| 0-4 | 0-4 |1.60-1.70| >20 |0.02-0.08|3.5-8.4 | 8-16 |Low-------|0.10 | 4-80| 0-4 |1.60-1.70| >20 |0.02-0.05|3.5-8.4 | 4-8 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  4----------------| 0-52| 1-10|1.20-1.40| 6.0-20 |0.10-0.15|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 Pickney |52-80| 1-10|1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.03-0.11|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  5: | | | | | | | | |  Croatan---------| 0-25| --- |0.40-0.65|0.06-6.0 |0.35-0.45| <4.5 | <2 |Low-------|---- |25-33|10-35|1.40-1.60| 0.2-2.0 |0.12-0.20|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |33-80| 2-35|1.40-1.60| 2.0-20 |0.12-0.20|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.15 | | | | | | | | |  Pickney---------| 0-52| 1-10|1.20-1.40| 6.0-20 |0.10-0.15|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 |52-80| 1-10|1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.03-0.11|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  6----------------| 0-35| --- |0.10-0.35| 6.0-20 |0.35-0.45|6.1-6.5 | >16 |Low-------|---- Dirego |35-80| 2-12|1.50-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.01-0.03|5.6-6.5 | 2-16 |Low-------|---- | | | | | | | | |  7----------------| 0-80| 0-3 |1.60-1.80| 6.0-20 | <0.05 |3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 Kureb | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  8: | | | | | | | | |  Newhan----------| 0-80| 0-3 |1.60-1.75| >20 | <0.05 |3.5-7.8 | 4-16 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  Corolla---------| 0-80| 0-3 |1.60-1.70| >20 |0.01-0.03|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  9----------------| 0-5 | 1-5 |1.30-1.45| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.15|3.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low-------|0.10 Leon | 5-18| 0-3 |1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.05|3.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low-------|0.10 |18-26| 2-8 |1.25-1.65| 0.6-6.0 |0.15-0.30|3.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low-------|0.15 |26-65| 1-4 |1.50-1.65| 2.0-20 |0.05-0.10|3.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low-------|0.10 |65-80| 2-8 |1.25-1.65| 0.2-2.0 |0.15-0.30|3.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low-------|0.15 | | | | | | | | |  10---------------| 0-80| 0-1 |1.35-1.85| 6.0-20 |0.03-0.05|5.1-7.8 | 4-32 |Low-------|0.05 Beaches | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | Ero Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | fac ____ map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell |  | | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH |mmhos/cm| |  __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ________  | | | | | | | | |  11---------------| 0-5 | 1-4 |1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.03-0.07|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 Hurricane | 5-58| 1-4 |1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.03-0.07|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |58-70| 2-8 |1.55-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |70-80| 1-4 |1.40-1.60| 2.0-20 |0.03-0.10|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  12---------------| 0-25| --- |0.40-0.65|0.06-6.0 |0.35-0.45| <4.5 | <2 |Low-------|--- Croatan |25-33|10-35|1.40-1.60| 0.2-2.0 |0.12-0.20|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |33-80| 2-35|1.40-1.60| 2.0-20 |0.12-0.20|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  13---------------| 0-5 | 2-8 |1.35-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.09|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 Lakeland | 5-80| 1-6 |1.50-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.08|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  14: | | | | | | | | |  Allanton--------| 0-10| 3-8 |1.35-1.45| 2.0-6.0 |0.05-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |10-53| 3-12|1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.08|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |53-80| 3-12|1.50-1.65| 0.6-6.0 |0.10-0.15|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Pottsburg-------| 0-7 | 1-4 |1.20-1.45| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.15|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | 7-53| 0-4 |1.40-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.03-0.10|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |53-80| 1-6 |1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.25|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  15---------------| 0-80| 0-3 |1.30-1.60| >20 |0.02-0.05|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 Resota | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  16. | | | | | | | | |  Arents | | | | | | | | |  Urban land | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  17---------------| 0-80| 0-3 |1.60-1.80| 6.0-20 | <0.05 |3.5-7.3 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 Kureb | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  18. | | | | | | | | |  Pits | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  19---------------| 0-6 | 1-8 |1.25-1.45| >6.0 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 Foxworth | 6-45| 1-8 |1.40-1.55| >6.0 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |45-80| 1-6 |1.45-1.65| >6.0 |0.02-0.08|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  20, 21-----------| 0-5 | 2-8 |1.35-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.09|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 Lakeland | 5-80| 1-6 |1.50-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.08|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  22. | | | | | | | | |  Urban land | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | Ero Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | fac ____ map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell |  | | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH |mmhos/cm| |  __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ________  | | | | | | | | |  24, 25, 26-------| 0-5 | 5-15|1.35-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 Poarch | 5-30| 8-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |30-80|10-25|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.20|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  27---------------| 0-10| 5-14|1.35-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.15|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Escambia |10-24| 8-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |24-80| 8-35|1.45-1.65|0.06-0.6 |0.10-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 | | | | | | | | |  28---------------| 0-5 |20-30|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Grady | 5-11|20-35|1.40-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 |11-80|45-65|1.50-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.16|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.10 | | | | | | | | |  29, 30, 31-------| 0-8 | 7-14|1.40-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 Perdido | 8-45|10-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 |45-57|14-28|1.40-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |57-80|14-28|1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  32, 33, 34-------| 0-58| 1-10|1.30-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 Troup |58-80|15-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.13|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 | | | | | | | | |  35, 36-----------| 0-26| 1-12|1.30-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.08-0.12|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 Lucy |26-38|10-30|1.40-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.12|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |38-65|20-45|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.14|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 |65-80|10-30|1.40-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.12|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  38, 39-----------| 0-54| 6-12|1.50-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 Bonifay |54-80|15-35|1.60-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  40---------------| 0-10|10-20|1.35-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.14|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 Eunola |10-28|18-35|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 |28-38|18-45|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.32 |38-55| 8-25|1.35-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |55-80| 2-11|1.45-1.75| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.06|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 | | | | | | | | |  41, 42-----------| 0-7 |10-25|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Malbis | 7-22|18-33|1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 |22-62|20-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 |62-80|20-35|1.45-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.06-0.12|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 | | | | | | | | |  43---------------| 0-57| 1-10|1.40-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 Albany |57-72| 1-20|1.50-1.70| 2.0-6.0 |0.08-0.10|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 |72-80|13-35|1.55-1.65| 0.2-2.0 |0.10-0.16|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | Ero Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | fac ____ map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell |  | | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH |mmhos/cm| |  __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ________  | | | | | | | | |  44: | | | | | | | | |  Corolla---------| 0-80| 0-3 |1.60-1.70| >20 |0.01-0.03|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  45: | | | | | | | | |  Troup-----------| 0-58| 1-12|1.30-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 |58-80|13-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.13|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 | | | | | | | | |  Perdido---------| 0-8 | 7-14|1.40-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 | 8-45|10-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 |45-57|14-28|1.40-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |57-80|14-28|1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  46: | | | | | | | | |  Garcon----------| 0-5 | 3-8 |1.25-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | 5-27| 3-8 |1.40-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 |27-57|12-30|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |57-80| 3-6 |1.50-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.08|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  Bigbee----------| 0-7 | 1-10|1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | 7-80| 1-10|1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.08|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.17 | | | | | | | | |  Yemassee--------| 0-12| 5-15|1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.06-0.11|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.15 |12-48|18-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 |48-74|12-40|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.17|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 |74-80| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |----------|---- | | | | | | | | |  47: | | | | | | | | |  Hurricane-------| 0-5 | 1-4 |1.40-1.60| >6.0 |0.03-0.07|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | 5-58| 1-4 |1.40-1.60| >6.0 |0.03-0.07|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 |58-70| 2-8 |1.55-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.15 |70-80| 1-4 |1.40-1.60| 2.0-20 |0.03-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | | | | | | | | |  Albany----------| 0-57| 1-10|1.40-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|3.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 |57-72| 1-20|1.50-1.70| 2.0-6.0 |0.08-0.10|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 |72-80|13-35|1.55-1.65| 0.2-2.0 |0.10-0.16|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  48: | | | | | | | | |  Pelham----------| 0-5 | 3-10|1.25-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | 5-35| 1-8 |1.50-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.07|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 |35-58|15-30|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.13|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |58-80|15-40|1.30-1.60| 0.2-2.0 |0.10-0.16|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | Ero Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | fac ____ map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell |  | | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH |mmhos/cm| |  __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ________  | | | | | | | | |  48: | | | | | | | | |  Yemassee--------| 0-12| 5-15|1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.06-0.11|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |12-48|18-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 |48-74|12-40|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.17|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 |74-80| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |----------|--- | | | | | | | | |  49: | | | | | | | | |  Dorovan---------| 0-8 | --- |0.25-0.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.25|3.5-5.0 | <2 |----------|--- | 8-80| --- |0.35-0.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.25|3.5-5.0 | <2 |----------|--- | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----| 0-4 | 2-5 |1.10-1.35| 6.0-20 |0.15-0.20|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | 4-25| 8-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.06-0.14|6.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |25-40| 8-30|1.35-1.55| 0.6-0.6 |0.06-0.14|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |40-80| 1-4 |1.45-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.10|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  50: | | | | | | | | |  Bigbee----------| 0-7 | 1-10|1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | 7-80| 1-10|1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.08|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Garcon----------| 0-5 | 3-8 |1.25-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | 5-27| 3-8 |1.40-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |27-57|12-30|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |57-80| 3-6 |1.50-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.08|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----| 0-4 | 2-5 |1.10-1.35| 6.0-20 |0.15-0.20|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | 4-25| 8-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.06-0.14|6.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |25-40| 8-30|1.35-1.55| 0.6-0.6 |0.06-0.14|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |40-80| 1-4 |1.45-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.10|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 | | | | | | | | |  51---------------| 0-5 | 3-10|1.25-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 Pelham | 5-35| 1-8 |1.50-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.07|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |58-80|15-40|1.30-1.60| 0.2-2.0 |0.10-0.16|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  52---------------| 0-12| 7-20|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Robertsdale |12-24|14-35|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 |24-80|18-35|1.40-1.70|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 | | | | | | | | |  54, 55, 56: | | | | | | | | |  Troup-----------| 0-58| 1-12|1.30-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |58-80|13-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.13|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Poarch----------| 0-5 | 5-15|1.35-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 | 5-31| 8-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |31-80|10-25|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.20|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | Ero Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | fac ____ map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell |  | | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH |mmhos/cm| |  __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ________  | | | | | | | | |  57: | | | | | | | | |  Cowarts---------| 0-9 | 5-20|1.30-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.08-0.13|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | 9-32|10-30|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 |32-80|18-35|1.65-1.80|0.06-0.6 |0.10-0.14|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  Troup-----------| 0-58| 1-12|1.30-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |58-80|13-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.13|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 | | | | | | | | |  58---------------| 0-10|10-20|1.35-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.14|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 Eunola |10-28|18-35|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 |28-50|18-45|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.3 |50-80| 2-11|1.45-1.75| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.06|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 | | | | | | | | |  59, 60, 61-------| 0-12| 6-16|1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|5.1-7.3 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Notcher |12-48|18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 |48-80|20-40|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 | | | | | | | | |  62, 63-----------| 0-6 | 7-22|1.30-1.60| 0.6-6.0 |0.08-0.15|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Bama | 6-56|18-32|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.3 |56-80|20-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.3 | | | | | | | | |  64, 65, 66-------| 0-6 | 7-20|1.40-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.14|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 Red Bay | 6-15|10-25|1.30-1.60| 0.6-6.0 |0.10-0.14|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |15-72|18-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.1 |72-80|20-45|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.14|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  67: | | | | | | | | |  Notcher---------| 0-12| 6-16|1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|5.1-7.3 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |12-48|18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 |48-80|20-40|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Maubila---------| 0-9 | 8-18|1.45-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.08-0.12|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | 9-16|20-35|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.2 |16-80|35-55|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.3 | | | | | | | | |  68: | | | | | | | | |  Notcher---------| 0-12| 6-16|1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|5.1-7.3 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |12-48|18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 |48-80|20-40|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Maubila---------| 0-9 | 8-18|1.45-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.08-0.12|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | 9-16|20-35|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.2 |16-80|35-55|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.3 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | Ero Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | fac ____ map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell |  | | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH |mmhos/cm| |  __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ________  | | | | | | | | |  69: | | | | | | | | |  Notcher---------| 0-12| 6-16|1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|5.1-7.3 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |12-48|18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 |48-80|20-40|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 | | | | | | | | |  Maubila---------| 0-9 | 8-18|1.45-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.08-0.12|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | 9-16|20-35|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.28 |16-80|35-55|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32 | | | | | | | | |  70---------------| 0-10| 8-20|1.40-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.20|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 Izagora |10-28|18-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.32 |28-80|35-55|1.30-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.16-0.20|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32 | | | | | | | | |  71---------------| 0-9 | 6-15|1.30-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Iuka | 9-20| 8-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 |20-80| 5-15|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 | | | | | | | | |  72---------------| 0-12|10-20|1.30-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 Yemassee |12-48|18-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 |48-74|12-40|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.17|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 |74-80| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |----------|---- | | | | | | | | |  73---------------| 0-5 |20-30|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.18|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Grady | 5-11|20-35|1.40-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 |11-80|45-65|1.50-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.16|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.10 | | | | | | | | |  74---------------| 0-26| 1-12|1.30-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.08-0.12|5.1-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 Lucy |26-38|10-30|1.40-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.12|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |38-65|20-45|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.14|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 |65-80|10-30|1.40-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.12|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 | | | | | | | | |  75---------------| 0-4 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 Weston | 4-40| 5-18|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.20|4.5-5.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |40-80| 5-45|1.30-1.50|0.06-6.0 |0.10-0.18|4.5-5.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.32 | | | | | | | | |  76: | | | | | | | | |  Mantachie-------| 0-6 | 8-20|1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.20|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 | 6-80|18-34|1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.14-0.20|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.28 | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----| 0-4 | 2-5 |1.10-1.35| 6.0-20 |0.15-0.20|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | 4-25| 8-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.06-0.14|6.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |25-40| 8-30|1.35-1.55| 0.6-0.6 |0.06-0.14|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.24 |40-80| 1-4 |1.45-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.10|5.6-7.8 | <2 |Low-------|0.17 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | Ero Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | fac ____ map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell |  | | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K  _____________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH |mmhos/cm| |  __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ________  | | | | | | | | |  76: | | | | | | | | |  Bigbee----------| 0-7 | 4-10|1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.10 | 7-80| 1-10|1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.08|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.17 | | | | | | | | |  77. | | | | | | | | |  Arents | | | | | | | | |  Water | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  78---------------| 0-10| 7-20|1.40-1.55| 0.2-6.0 |0.07-0.14|3.5-6.0 | <2 |Low-------|0.20 Emory |10-24|10-25|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.14|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.15 |24-80|18-45|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.15|3.5-5.5 | <2 |Low-------|0.17 | | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 14.--Soil and Water Features ("Flooding" and "water table" and terms such as "rare," "brief," "apparent," and "perched" are exp

 The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that the featu or that data were not estimated.) __________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Flooding | High water table | Subsidence _____________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Hydro- | | | | | | | |  map symbol | logic | Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Ini- |Total | group | | | | | | | tial|  __________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | In  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | |  2-----------------| A/D |Frequent----|Brief-----|Jan-Dec| 0-0.5|Apparent|Jan-Dec| --- | ---  Duckston | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  3: | | | | | | | | |  Corolla----------| D |Rare--------| --- | --- |1.5-3.0|Apparent|Jan-Dec| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Duckston---------| A/D |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Dec| 0-0.5|Apparent|Jan-Dec| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  4-----------------| A/D |None--------| --- | --- | 0-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Jul| --- | ---  Pickney | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  5: | | | | | | | | |  Croatan----------| D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Jul| 4-10|18-24 | | | | | | | | |  Pickney----------| A/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Jul| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  6-----------------| D |Very |Very brief|Jan-Dec| 0-0.5|Apparent|Jan-Dec|16-20|16-40 Dirego | | frequent. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  7-----------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Kureb | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  8: | | | | | | | | |  Newhan-----------| A |Rare--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Corolla----------| D |Rare--------| --- | --- |1.5-3.0|Apparent|Jan-Dec| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  9-----------------| D |None--------| --- | --- |0.5-1.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Leon | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  10----------------| D |Very |Very brief|Jan-Dec| 0-0.5|Apparent|Jan-Dec| --- | ---  Beaches | | frequent. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  11----------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.5-3.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Hurricane | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  12----------------| D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Jul| 4-10|18-24 Croatan | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Soil and Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table | Subsidence _____________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Hydro- | | | | | | | |  map symbol | logic | Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Ini- |Total | group | | | | | | | tial|  __________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | In  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | |  13----------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Lakeland | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  14: | | | | | | | | |  Allanton---------| B/D |None--------| --- | --- | 0-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Pottsburg--------| B/D |None--------| --- | --- |0.5-1.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  15----------------| A |None--------| --- | --- |3.5-6.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Resota | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  16: | | | | | | | | |  Arents-----------| C |None--------| --- | --- | Var. | --- |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Urban land-------| --- |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  17----------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Kureb | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  18----------------| --- |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Pits | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  19----------------| A |None--------| --- | --- |3.5-6.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Foxworth | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  20, 21------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Lakeland | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  22----------------| --- |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Urban land | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  24, 25, 26--------| B |None--------| --- | --- |2.5-5.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Poarch | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  27----------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.5-2.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Escambia | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  28----------------| D |None--------| --- | --- | +2-1.0|Apparent|Dec-Jul| --- | ---  Grady | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  29, 30, 31--------| B |None--------| --- | --- |4.0-6.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Perdido | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Soil and Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table | Subsidence _____________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Hydro- | | | | | | | |  map symbol | logic | Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Ini- |Total | group | | | | | | | tial|  __________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | In  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | |  32, 33, 34--------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Troup | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  35, 36------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Lucy | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  38, 39------------| A |None--------| --- | --- |3.5-5.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Bonifay | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  40----------------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.5-2.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Eunola | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  41, 42------------| B |None--------| --- | --- |2.5-4.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Malbis | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  43----------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-2.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Albany | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  44: | | | | | | | | |  Corolla----------| D |Rare--------| --- | --- |1.5-3.0|Apparent|Jan-Dec| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Urban land-------| --- |Rare--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  45: | | | | | | | | |  Troup------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Perdido----------| B |None--------| --- | --- |4.0-6.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  46: | | | | | | | | |  Garcon-----------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.5-3.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Bigbee-----------| A |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|3.5-6.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Yemassee---------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.0-1.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  47: | | | | | | | | |  Hurricane--------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.5-3.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Albany-----------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.0-2.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  48: | | | | | | | | |  Pelham-----------| B/D |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep| 0-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Yemassee---------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.0-1.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Soil and Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table | Subsidence _____________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Hydro- | | | | | | | |  map symbol | logic | Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Ini- |Total | group | | | | | | | tial|  __________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | In  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | |  49: | | | | | | | | |  Dorovan----------| D |Frequent----|Very long |Jan-Sep|+2-0.5 |Apparent|Dec-Jul| 6-12|51-80 | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------| D |Frequent----|Very long |Jan-Sep| 0-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Jul| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  50: | | | | | | | | |  Bigbee-----------| A |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|3.5-6.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Garcon-----------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.5-3.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------| D |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep| +1-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Jul| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  51----------------| B/D |None--------| --- | --- | 0-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Pelham | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  52----------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-2.5|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Robertsdale | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  54, 55, 56: | | | | | | | | |  Troup------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Poarch-----------| B |None--------| --- | --- |2.5-5.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  57: | | | | | | | | |  Cowarts----------| C |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Troup------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  58----------------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.5-2.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Eunola | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  59, 60, 61--------| B |None--------| --- | --- |3.0-4.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Notcher | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  62, 63------------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Bama | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  64, 65, 66--------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Red Bay | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  67, 68, 69: | | | | | | | | |  Notcher----------| B |None--------| --- | --- |3.0-4.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Maubila----------| C |None--------| --- | --- |2.0-3.5|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Soil and Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table | Subsidence _____________________________________________________________________ Soil name and | Hydro- | | | | | | | |  map symbol | logic | Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Ini- |Total | group | | | | | | | tial|  __________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | In  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | |  70----------------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|2.0-3.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Izagora | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  71----------------| C |Frequent----|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.0-3.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Iuka | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  72----------------| C |Occasional--|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.0-1.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Yemassee | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  73----------------| D |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-2.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Grady | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  74----------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Lucy | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  75----------------| D |None--------| --- | --- | 0-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  Weston | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  76: | | | | | | | | |  Mantachie--------| C |Frequent----|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|1.0-1.5|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------| D |Frequent----|Brief-----|Jan-Sep| 0-0.5|Apparent|Dec-Jul| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Bigbee-----------| A |Frequent----|Brief-----|Jan-Sep|3.5-6.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  77: | | | | | | | | |  Arents-----------| C |None--------| --- | --- |Varies | --- |Dec-Apr| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  78----------------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Emory | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Escambia County, Florida 249

Table 15.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates that the soil is a taxadjunct to the series. See text for

 a description of those characteristics of the soil that are outside the range of the series.)

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

 Albany--------------------| Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults

 Allanton------------------| Sandy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Alaquods

 Arents--------------------| Arents

 Bama----------------------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Bigbee--------------------| Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments

 Bonifay-------------------| Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Plinthic Paleudults

 Corolla-------------------| Thermic, uncoated Aquic Quartzipsamments

 Cowarts-------------------| Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults

 Croatan-------------------| Loamy, siliceous, dysic, thermic Terric Medisaprists

 Dirego--------------------| Sandy or sandy-skeletal, siliceous, euic, thermic Terric Sulfisaprists

 Dorovan-------------------| Dysic, thermic Typic Medisaprists

 Duckston------------------| Siliceous, thermic Typic Psammaquents

 *Emory---------------------| Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic Fluventic Umbric Dystrochrepts

 Escambia------------------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults

 Eunola--------------------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults

 Fluvaquents---------------| Typic Fluvaquents

 Foxworth------------------| Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments

 Garcon--------------------| Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Arenic Hapludults

 Grady---------------------| Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleaquults

 Hurricane-----------------| Sandy, siliceous, thermic Oxyaquic Alorthods

 Iuka----------------------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Aquic Udifluvents

 Izagora-------------------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults

 Kureb---------------------| Thermic, uncoated Spodic Quartzipsamments

 Lakeland------------------| Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments

 Leon----------------------| Sandy, siliceous, thermic Aeric Alaquods

 Lucy----------------------| Loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Kandiudults

 Malbis--------------------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults

 Mantachie-----------------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Aeric Endoaquepts

 Maubila-------------------| Fine, mixed, subactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults

 Newhan--------------------| Thermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments

 Notcher-------------------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults

 Pelham--------------------| Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Arenic Paleaquults

 Perdido-------------------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic, Plinthic Paleudults

 Pickney-------------------| Sandy, siliceous, thermic Cumulic Humaquepts

 Poarch--------------------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults

 Pottsburg-----------------| Sandy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Alaquods

 Red Bay-------------------| Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults

 Resota--------------------| Thermic, uncoated Spodic Quartzipsamments

 Robertsdale---------------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults

 Troup---------------------| Loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Grossarenic Kandiudults

 Weston--------------------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Endoaquults

 Yemassee------------------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aeric Endoaquults

 | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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