DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 457

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1917

PART TIL LOVER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN

NATHAN C. GROWER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, District Engineer

WASHINGTON

PRI1

1919

GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE*
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 457

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1917

PART VII. LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer 

ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, District Engineer

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1919
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5

Definition of terms......................................................... 6

Explanation of data........................................................ 7

Accuracy of field data and computed records................................. 8

Cooperation................................................................ 9

Division of work......................................................... ^ 9

Gaging-station records...................................................... 9

Arkansas River basin.......................................__.........* 9

East Fork of Arkansas River near Leadville, Colo.................... 9

Arkansas River at Granite, Colo..................................... 11

Arkansas River at Salida, Colo...................................... 12

Tennessee Fork near Leadville, Colo................................ 14

Cottonwood Creek below Hot Springs, near Buena Vista, Colo........ 15

Chalk Creek (upper station) near St. Elmo, Colo..................... 18

South Fork of Arkansas River at Poncha, Colo...................... 20

Poncha Creek at Poncha, Colo..................................... 21

West Beaver Creek near Victor, Colo................................ 23

Boehmer Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo................................ 24

Little Beaver Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo............................ 24

Sackett Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo................................ 25

Lion Creek near Halfway, Colo..................................... 26

Sheep Creek near Halfway, Colo.................................... 26

South Ruxton Creek atHalfway, Colo............................... 27

Cabin Creek near Halfway, Colo-.....'............................... 28

Red River basin...................................................... 29

Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla............................ 29

Little Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla...................... 31

Evaporation station near Lawton, Okla.............................. 32

Index.................................................................... 35

Appendix Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources...... I

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. A, Price current meters: B, Typical gaging station ................. 6

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens continuous; B, Gurley printing;

C, Friez ............................................................ 7

3
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN, 1917.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OP WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting records of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1917.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1895-1918.

1895......................................................... $12,500

1896......................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900,inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906, inclusive....................................... 200,000

1907......................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1918, inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 9.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,240 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1917, 1,180 gaging stations were being

5
6 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In 

connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to 

publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix 

to this report.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miners' inches, and discharge in secondfeet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of 

cubic feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are 

second-feet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, and acrefeet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." 

A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 

of rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off 

with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation;" an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control;" a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream channel below the gage which determine the stage-discharge 

relation at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not 

be the same section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point 

on the gage the gage height to which the surface of the river falls 

when the discharge is reduced to zero.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 467 PLATE

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 457 PLATE 11

STEVENS. £. GURLEY PRINTING.

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ,
SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART vn. 7

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1,1916, and ending September 30,1917. At the beginning of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of snow 

or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes off 

in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, 

on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore, the run-off for the 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist of records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to 

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either from 

direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder that 

gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter. (See Pis. I, II.) The general 

methods are outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of 

river discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to the gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, monthly, 

and yearly means of discharge are determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving 

records of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge 

and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage height and records of discharge measurements are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the permanence of the stage-discharge relation, covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, -the use of the 

stream for log driving, shifting of control, and the cause and effect 

of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease 

the flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuations the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean 

daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day.
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

If such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean 

daily discharge may be obtained by averaging discharge at regular 

intervals during the day or by using the discharge integrator, an 

instrument operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 

11 Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Menu" is 

the average flow in cubic feet per second during the month. On 

 this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, 

which are defined on page 6, are based.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RECORDS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanency of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy 

of observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation 

of records.

A paragraph in the description of the station gives information 

regarding the (1) permanence of the stage-discharge relation, (2) 

precision with which the discharge rating curve is defined, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency of gage readings, and (5) 

methods of applying daily gage height to the rating table to obtain 

the daily discharge.

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that 

the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; ''poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. These 

notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the individual 

measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high 

accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for 

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is 

less than 20 inches. All figures representing "secondrfeet per square
COOPERATION. 9

mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed 

studies of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding year may be expected 

to throw new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

In Colorado the State engineer paid the observers on Arkansas 

River at Granite and Salida. The United States Forest Service furnished readings on South Fork of Arkansas River and Poncha Creek 

at Poncha, and winter readings on East Fork of Arkansas River and 

Tennessee Fork near Leadville. It also furnished the service of a 

hydrographer during the winter months.

The Arkansas Valley Railway, Light & Power Co. furnished complete records for West Beaver Creek near Victor.

Mr. B. B. McReynolds, superintendent of the water department of 

Colorado Springs, furnished records of flow of streams in the Pikes 

Peak region.

The United States Reclamation Service paid for the maintenance 

of the stations on Medicine Bluff Creek and Little Medicine Bluff 

Creek near LaWton and the evaporation station in Lawton reservoir,

Okla.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The field data in Colorado were collected under the direction of 

Robert FoUansbee, by P. V. Hodges, H. W. Fear, and T. J. Watkins.

The field data in Oklahoma were collected under the direction of 

Robert Follansbee.

Ratings and computations were made by P. V. Hodges, assisted 

by S. B. Soul6 and Miss Bessie Meyers.

The records were reviewed and the manuscript assembled by W. E. 

Dickinson.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN.

EAST FORK OF ARKANSAS RIVER NEAR LEADVILLE, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 9 S., R. 80 W., at highway bridge about 200 yards above 

mouth of Tennessee Fork, 3 miles northwest of Leadville, in Lake County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 52 square miles (measured on topographic map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 25 to August 31, 1890; June 18 to September 29, 1903; 

June 5, 1911 to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bridge abutment, near upstream end; read by Fred. 

Coquoz. No known relation between present gage and gages used prior to 1911

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VIl.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel and small boulders. Control 30 feet downstream from gage; practically permanent. Banks low; subject 

to overflow at extreme high water.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 1.45 feet at 8 a. m. 

June 18 and 20 (discharge, 448 second-feet); mlnlnniTn discharge occurred during 

winter.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; data insufficient for determination of winter flow.

DIVERSIONS. The Leadville Water Co. makes a continuous diversion of 2 second-feet 

from East Fork above the station. Daring the winter this diversion may be 

increased to 3 second-feet.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve used from 

October 1 to November 11 is well defined between 10 and 200 second-feet; curve 

used April 30 to September 30 is well defined between 5 and 300 second-feet. 

Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Owing to high altitude of drainagearea (9,700 feet), alternate melting and freezing at certain seasons probably causes 

considerable diurnal fluctuation, and mean daily gage height based on morning 

- and evening reading may be somewhat in error. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of East Fork of Arkansas River near Leadville, Colo., during 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date. Made by 

J.H. Keep.............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.25

«0.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

17 9

9

1

Date.

Feb. 18

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o0.20

1.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

9.5

295

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Fork Arkansas River near Leadville, Colo., for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.....................................

2.....................................

3.....................................

4....................................

5.....................................

6.....................................

7.....................................

8.....................................

9.....................................

10....................................

11.....................................

12.....................................

13.....................................

14.....................................

15.....................................

16.....................................

17.....................................

18.....................................

19.....................................

20.....................................

21.....................................

22....................................

23.....................................

24.....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27.....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30.....................................

31.....................................

Oct.

OK

21

20

19

25

20

17

1Q

20

17

19

17

17

17

19

22

25

21

23

28

27

30

30

00

^7

38

48

38

45

34

43

Nov.

49

49

48

45

41

37

OJ

25

27

24

22

Apr. May.

5

31

26

31

37

40

June.

37

36

31

37

48

48

58

75

80

99

115

127

175

215

270

322

415

448

415

415

382

415

415

415

382

382

350

350

350

350

July.

235

270

191

171

163

175

171

171

159

134

138

127

124

117

104

92

89

72

80

72

84

89

179

89

84

66

62

50

48

47

48

Aug.

47

44

50

52

50

52

54

47

47

44

50

48

37

29

29

20

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

13

12

11

12

16

13

Sept.

12

11

8

12

16

20

17

17

16

12

8

6

5

8

5

5

5

5

6

5

6

5

5

5

5

5

5

8

8

6
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 11

Monthly discharge of East Fork of Arkansas River near Leadville, Colo., jor the year

ending Sept. 30,1917.

Month.

Nov. 1-11................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

48 

49 

448 

270 

54 

20

Minimum.

17 

22 

31 

47 

11 

5

Mean.

26.2 

36.5 

242 

119 

29.7 

8.6

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

1.610 

796 

14,400 

7,320 

1,830 

512

ARKANSAS RIVER AT GRANITE, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 31, T. 11 S., R. 79 W., at Granite, in Lake County, below mouth 

of Lake Creek, and above Lost Canyon and Clear creeks.

DRAINAGE AREA. 425 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 1, 1897, to September 10, 1899; April 6, 1910, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Inclined staff gage established in 1910 by State engineer on left bank half a 

mile above Denver & Rio Grande Railroad station at Granite. Bristol water-stage 

recorder referred to inclined gage used April 6, 1910 to April 27, 1916. No 

known relation between present gage and that used from 1897 to 1899.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge near railroad station or by

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel and small boulders. Control 

shifted badly in 1917. Banks not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge during the year, 2,540 second-feet 

June 19 (gage height, 4:3 feet); maximum stage recorded, 4.5 feet at 7.16 p. m. 

July 9; minimum discharge occurred during the winter.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during winter months.

DIVERSIONS. Court decrees for diversions of 74 second-feet from the Arkansas between this station and the junction of Tennessee and East forks.

REGULATION. Discharge affected by operation of Twin Lakes reservoir, which has a 

storage decree for 20,645 acre-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. A sharp flood in side gulch at 

4p.m. July 9 washed a great quantity of sand and gravel onto the control, which 

was thereby made 20 feet narrower; this obstruction has been gradually washing 

away. Rating curve poorly denned. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except for 

period May 14 to September 30, for which shifting-control method was used. 

Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Arkansas River at Granite, Colo., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 27

June 28

July 16

Made by 

P.V.Hodges..........

H.W. Fear............

Robert Follansbee. ....

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.74

3.79

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

176

2,070

1,150

Date.

Aug. 17

Sept. 7

21

Made by 

M.N. Grant, jr.. .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.60

2.85

2.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

437

501

202
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART vn.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Arkansas River at Granite, Colo., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1............................

3

5............................

6............................

7....--....-.......-..-..--..

g

10............................

11............................

19

1^

14... ....................... ..

15........ -......- ............

16............................

17............................

i &

19

20

21............................

22............................

00

24............................

25............................

9fi

97

OQ

90

30.......----.....-....-.-----

qi

Oct.

130

130

130

130

130

165

165

165

165

165

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

165

200

240

240

200

165

9fifl

165 oftA

165

Nov.

165

165

165

130

130

130

130

130

165

165

 JO A

1 °.n

130

130

165

1OA

130

130

130

130

130

130

100 ion

130

 ton

130

1OA

Dee.

130

100

Apr.

88

100

100

88

130

115

100

130

148

148

130

148

165

182

200

148

115

115

115

115

148

2<iO

220

260

220

240

182

148

115

May.

115

165

130

148

148

115

115

130

115

130

130

130

148

268

360

544

643

762

838

894

894

870

870

846

629

514

514

496

466

538

602

June.

615

550

563

664

785

643

800

800

1,110

1,490

1,810

1,910

2,030

2,130

2,300

2,350

2,420

2,470

2,540

2,340

2,210

2,210

2,260

2,210

2,210

2,110

2,010

2,010

1,960

2,010

July.

1,910

1,810

1,810

1,710

1,710

1,660

1,610

1,710

1,950

1,540

1,290

1,240

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,110

1,110

1,060

1,290

1 9.4(1

1,110

1,240

1,290

1,390

1,440

1,390

1,240

1,110

1,060

1,020

934

Aug.

870

685

520

402

460

550

792

792

910

990

950

910

615

520

520

490

430,

424

397

392

340

248

208

168

151

148

130

C14

608

570

Sept.

502

496

520

454

478

502

248

124

148

154

158

162

224

335

392

397

325

208

196

204

186 ion

190

193

176

179

162

148

130

100

Monthly discharge of Arkansas River at Granite, Colo., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

October

July......................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

240 

165 

260 

894 

2,540 

1,950 

990 

520

Minimum.

130 

100 

88 

115 

550 

934 

130 

100

Mean.

179 

136 

149 

428 

1,720 

1,370 

525 

263

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

11,000 

8,090 

8,870 

26,300 

102,000 

84,200 

32,300 

15,600

ARKANSAS RIVER AT SALIDA, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 32, T. 50 N., R. 9 E., at Salida, in Chaffee County, some distance 

above mouth of South Fork of Arkansas River, the nearest important tributary.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,160 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 11, 1895, to October 31,1903; November 3, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Bristol water-stage recorder on right bank 400 feet below highway bridge in 

city park; installed by State engineer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel; shifts at intervals; no welldefined control. Banks high and not subject to overflow.
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 13

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

6.1 feet at 11 a. m., June 18 and 19 (discharge, 4,730 second-feet); minimum stage, 

0.34 foot December 9, 1916 (discharge, 201 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice, as river is kept open by springs.

DIVERSIONS. Court decrees for diversions of 202 second-feet from the Arkansas between this station and Granite.

REGULATION. Flow at station regulated to some extent by Twin Lakes and Clear 

Creek reservoirs, which have storage decrees for 20,645 and 11,489 acre-feet, 

respectively.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changes between narrow limits. Rating curve 

for period October 1 to December 31, fairly well denned between 200 and 1,000 

second-feet; curve used January 1 to September 30, well defined between 200 

and 3,800 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder fairly satisfactory. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height 

determined by inspecting recorder graph; shifting-control method used January 

23 to March 31. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Arkansas River at Salida, Colo., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 25

Jan. 17

Feb. 20

Made by 

P.V.Hodges..........

T. J. WatMns..........

.....do..................

H. W. Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.24

.52

.50

2.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

504

245

222

866

Date.

Sept. 20

Made by 

M.N. Grant, jr.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.23

1.70

1.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

37fin

667

401

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Arkansas River at Salida, Colo., for the year ending

'Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4............... 5.......:.......

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Oct.

391

373

373

355

355

373

430

410

410

430

410

410

430

430

430

452

452

452

452

430

452

452

473

496

492

410

460

456

443

422

418

Nov.

407

407

339

391

384

384

384

377

342

377

373

355

338

322

348

355

362

373

352

355

322

355

384

355

322

322

292

322

233

259

Dec.

286

338

335

348

298

274

250

225

201

203

219

275

292

295

270

270

254

259

270

270

270

292

292

292

288

285

281

278

274

270

272

Jan.

272

272

260

272

250

272

272

270

272

262

265

260

255

235

235

222

235

240

248

265

235

218

220

208

220

220

232

212

204

220

252

Feb.

250

250

235

230

242

242

235

228

228

240

228

232

225

220

212

212

225

212

210

225

222

248

260

272

272

262

250

225

Mar.

212

225

225

208

212

238

212

215

235

242

240

228

218

218

238

242

242

245

255

255

258

270

258

252

238

245

220

252

282

S49

342

Apr.

265

242

248

222

240

265

230

222

260

280

260

240

255

275

285

.265

250

222

222

210

218

270

327

324

336

327

303

272

250

9dA

May.

243

265

260

260

280

272

248

260

260

260

272

285

285

330

430

655

880

1,030

1,160

1,160

1,130

1,030

970

940

880

605

558

535

512

535

605

June.

708

708

580

708

850

850

880

910

1,200

2,080

2,630

2,730

3,030

3,960

3,960

4,070

4,180

4,400

4,510

4,510

4,290

4,200

4,120

4,030

3,940

3,860

3,770

3,590

3,410

3,630

July.

3,520

3,520

3.300

3,300

3,080

2,880

2,680

2,780

3,080

3,300

2,780

2,580

2,380

2,230

2,230

2,030

1,940

1,890

1,840

1,980

1,670

1,580

1,540

1,710

1,940

2,430

2,180

1,840

1,710

1,710

1,580

Aug.

1,460

1,310

1,160

1.000

970

1,000

1,030

1,100

1,030

1,160

1,240

1,200

1,270

1,310

970

970

970

970

910

850

850

630

680

580

558

546

535

790

790

790

735

Sept.

735

680

680

680

680

680

680

410

375

375

375

375

375

535

580

580

558

410

410

375

375

375

375

375

345

345

345

315

315

285

NOTE. No gage-height record Dec. 6-8,25-29, June 22-26, 28, and Aug. 26; discharge interpolated.
14 SUEFACB WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

Monthly discharge of Arkansas River at Salida, Cola., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

April.....................................................

May......................................................

July......................................................

The year. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

496 

407 

348 

272 

272 

342 

336 

1,160 

4,510 

3,520 

1,460 

735

4,510

Minimum.

355 

233 

201 

204 

210 

208 

210 

248 

500 

1,540 

535 

285

201

Mean.

427 

352 

275 

244 

235 

244 

261 

561 

2,880 

2,360 

947 

467

773

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

26,300 

20,900 

16,900 

15,000 

13,100 

15,000 

15,500 

34,500 

171,000 

145,000 

58,200 

27,800

559,000

TENNESSEE FORE NEAR LEADVILLE, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 9 S., R. 80 W., at highway bridge a few hundred yards above 

mouth of stream and about 3 miles northwest of Leadville, in Lake County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 45 square miles (measured on topographic map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 10 to October 31, 1890; June 18 to October 16, 1903; 

February 8, 1911, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on downstream side of left bridge abutment; datum lowered 

0.40 foot October 6, 1914. Read by Fred Coquoz. No known relation between 

present gage and gages used in 1890 and 1903.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading near bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough; composed of small boulders. Control a short 

distance below gage at rapids which are practically permanent. Banks not subject 

to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 1.52 feet at 8 a. m., 

June 23 (discharge, 263 second-feet); minimum discharge occurred during winter.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; data insufficient for determination of winter flow.

DIVERSIONS. Court decrees for diversions of 24 second-feet above the station.; also a 

decree for diversion of 18.5 second-feet from the basin of Eagle River to that of 

Tennessee Fork above station. During the year ending September 30, 1917. 

2,460 acre-feet was diverted from Eagle River basin.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 10 and 240 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily. Owing to the high altitude of this drainage basin (9,700 feet) 

alternate melting and freezing at certain seasons probably causes considerable diurnal fluctuation, so that mean daily gage height derived from morning and evening 

readings may be somewhat in error. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table; shifting-control method used October 1-9. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Tennessee Fork near Leadville, Colo., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 10

Dec. 20

Jan. 23

Made by 

P.V.Hodges...........

J.H. Keep.............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.. 

0.45

00.90

oQ.68

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

14.4

12.0

8.2

Date.

Feb. 18

Made by 

H.W.Fear..... .......

«B.

Feet. 

ol.35

1.42

Dis 

charge.

Sec.-ft.

7 1

OQ1

« Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 15

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tennessee Fork near Leadville, Colo.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1...... .......................................

2.............................................

3.............................................

4.............................................

5.............................................

6.............................................

7.............................................

8.............................................

9.............................................

10.............................................

11.............................................

12.............................................

13.............................................

14.............................................

15.............................................

16.............................................

17.............................................

18.............................................

19.............................................

20'..............................,..............

21.............................................

22.............................................

23..... .............................'...........

24.............................................

25.............................................

26.............................................

27.............................................

28.............................................

29.............................................

30.............................................

31.............................................

Oct.

g

10

7

7

8

8

7

5

-7

14

15

12

11

14

14

14

9

9

10

14

12

14

12

8

12

12

14

10

9

13

16

Nov.

12

12

9

10

10

8

9

7

7

10

8

10

10

May.

28

77

86

77

70

88

June.

OK

93

102

117

125

133

125

155

172

180

169

177

177

160

155

133

152

177

224

240

256

256

224

209

209

191

172

163

160

July.

160

155

144

115

110

107

102

<M

86

75

90

90

79

7Q

62

46

32

36

38

40

48

58

128

64

54

48

36

38

33

36

23

Aug.

38

23

18

18

11

10

13

12

6

6

6

7

6

6

5

4

5

5

4

5

4

6

5

4

3

4

6

4

4

6

Sept.

8

7

5

5

4

4

6

6

6

10

9

11

10

Q

11

11

10

10

8

8

10

6

6

6

8

6

5

5

5

5

Monthly discharge of Tennessee Fork near Leadville, Colo.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

Month.

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

16 

12 

256 

160 

38 

11

Minimum.

5 

7 

93 

23 

3 

4

Mean.

10.8 

9.4 

170 

74.4 

8.5 

7.3

Eun-ofl 

(total in 

acre-feet).

664 

242 

10,100 

4.570 

523 

434

COTTONWOOD CREEK BELOW HOT SPRINGS, NEAR BUENA VISTA, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 22, T. 14 S., R. 79 W., half a mile below old Hot Springs Hotel 

and 6 miles west of Buena Vista, in Chaffee County. Nearest tributary, South 

Fork, enters 2 miles above.

DRAINAGE AREA. 72 square miles (measured on Forest atlas).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 7, 1911, to September 30, 1917. From September 23, 

1910, to September 13, 1911, a station was maintained in sec. 21, a mile above 

present site.

GAGE. Vertical staff. On February 19, 1915, gage was moved from side of left 

abutment to downstream end and reset to same datum. In present position 

water does not pile up on gage, especially during high water, and therefore for 

same discharge gage height will be less. Read twice daily by E. D. Masters.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.
16 SURFACE -WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of boulders; very rough. Control a short 

distance below gage; shifted somewhat during winter of 1916-17. Banks high, 

overflow unlikely.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.2 feet at 6 a. m. 

June 18 (discharge, 467 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.40 feet at 7 a. m. March 

26 and 6 a. m. April 7 (discharge, 18 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice; hot springs keep creek open.

DIVERSIONS. Court decrees for diversions of 148 second-feet from Cottonwood Creek, 

of which 28 second-feet are above gaging station.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation slightly shifting. Rating curve well defined 

between 20 and 350 second-feet; curve developed for 1917 used as standard, with 

slight shifts for 1915 and 1916. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Record good.

Discharge measurements of Cottonwood Creek below Hot Springs near Buena Vista, 

Colo., during the years ending Sept. 30, 1915-1917.

Date.

1914.

1915.

Feb. 19

July 19

1916.

Made by 

R.H. Fleteher.........

T. J.Watkins.. ........

R.H. Fleteher.........

W.R.King............

T. J. Watkins. .........

W.R.King............

Gage 

height.

Feet.

O QA

0.59

a 0.57

I Aft

0.98

0.61

61.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

54

22

OOQ

63

22.6

238

Date.

July 27

Oct. 27

1917.

July 16

Aug. 17

17

Made by 

W. R.King...........

P. V. Hodges;.........

T. J.Watkins..........

H. W. Fear............

H.W. Fear.. ..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.10

0.82

0.61

1.88

1.48

1.13

1.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

92

44.4

27.0

318

166

85

75

a Old gage read 0.63 foot. & Gage height uncertain. 

NOTE. New gage established at slightly different location, Feb. 19, 1915.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Co ttonwood Creek below Hot Springs near Buena Vista, 

Colo., for the years ending Sept. 80, 1915-1917.

Day.

1914-15. 

1. ..............

0

5...............

6...............

7.-....-......-.

8.-.-..--....--.

9...............

10...............

11...............

12.---...........

10

14.-..-..-.......

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

99

23...............

24.. .............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28... ............

29...............

31...............

Oct.

52

48

4.K

55

52

52

55

52

52

52

50

48

48

46

46

46

43

4Q

43

43

43

50

50

62

54

50

50

46

CA

46

46

Nov.

43

4S

38

38

38

38

V7

37

V7

34

34

33

07

33

24

27

29

27

97

25

97

oc

97

27

97

oc

97

27

27

97

Dec.

97

24

00

27

97

25

25

25

23

oq

23

22

1Q

1C

19

1ft

18

1C

10

18

21

21

91

91

91

99

99

22

99

91

21

Jan.

91

91

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

10

10

1C

19

1Q

19

1Q

19

ia

21

21

91

91

21

21

91

1ft

19

21

Feb.

21

19

19

18

18

18

18

19

19

91

21

19

10

18

18

1S

18

IS.

oq

24

24

99

22

99

99

 OO

oo

90

Mar.

24

OO

oo

99

23

22

99

99

oo

oo

99

oo

oo

oo

24

99

99

99

99

91

99

91

99

99

99

94.

24

OO

24

24

Apr.

OR

25

OK

25

25

25

25

25

24

24

24

25

OC

27

30

26

97

26

26

32

OO

qo

Ofi

97

26

97

00

43

KA

Cfi

May.

47

35

33

34

34

33

09

35

38

38

46

64

QO

91

82

96

100

128

100

70

59

C.Q

67

82

109

100

00

77

100

 f AC

 iqo

June.

186

203

 \Af\

109

116

105

89

105

149

IAQ

308

160

175

91 fi

247

OOQ

007

308

ono

qqn

qco

330

one

9S7

9H7

247

OOQ

OOO

July.

991

91ft

199

186

192

199

146

155

1S1

109

100

100

100

94

OQ

82

77

70

67

67

67

.64

60

60

54

64

57

54CO

4.Q

Aug.

47

44

4.9

41

AC\

40

48

96

75

63

58

63

57

CO

57

CO

50

47

48

50

48

46

62

10

C7

CO

51

48

47

48

47

Sept.

43

42

46

47

46

43

42

4.9

41

40

40

42

Aft

42

42

49

42

41

Af\

00

00

07

36

OA

47

54

63

46

46

CA

"
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 17

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cottonwood Creek below Hot Springs near Buena Vista, 

Colo.,for the years ending Sept. 30,1915-1917 Continued.

Day.

1915-16. 

1.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

1..... ..........

8.. ....... ......

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

?1

Day.

1916-17. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4... ............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18.'..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

45

44

42

39

38

38

39

38

38

38

39

40

39

38

40

40

40

SQ

an

an

40

39

39

39

38

37

V7

35

35

35

34

Oct.

42

46

45

46

43

49

52

50

50

50

50

50

50

48

47

46

45

42

42

40

35

42

42

44

40

43

42

42

40

40

38

Nov.

31

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

26

22

24

22

25

25

25

97

29

30

sn

30v\

30

29

29

30

26

27

29

Nov.

40

an

38

38

35

33

38

35

QO

40

38

35

Qfl

30

QO

35

35

35

35

37

35

35

35

35

33

35

35

35

33

33

Dec.

29

27

27

97

27

27

27

27

97

27

2?

27

27

97

27

97

26

91

25

25

25

25

OK

25

25

25

24

25

25

OK

OK

Dec.

33

QO

33

33

33

33

28

26

QO

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

31

30

30

30

30

31

30

30

30

29

30

30

30

30

Jan.

24

25

25

24

24

24

22

23

24

24

24

21

22

99

99

99

22

24

99

21

91

22

99

22

22

22

OH

23

22

24

99

Jan.

28

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

26

26

27

27

27

27

27

27

26

26

26

27

27

27

26

26

25

25

Feb.

99

23

22

99

22

22

22

22

99

22

22

22

21

91

22

91

 21

91

91

21

21

21

21

21

21

20

91

21

21

Feb.

25

25

25

25

25

25

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

22

23

24

24

22

23

24

24

24

24

23

23

24

22

Mar.

91

21

21

20

21

20

20

21

21

22

22

22

22

22

21

21

21

99

23

24

25

24

25

24

21

21

22

22

22

22

24

Mar.

22

22

22

22

23

22

23

24

24

22

22 ' 23

93

22

22

21

22

21

22

22

22

22

22

21

22

19

20

22

24

22

22

Apr.

99

23

24

23

22

23

21

22

22

23

24

23

25

24

24

24

27

90

29

26

25

30

sfi

38

40

44

48

52

59

48

Apr.

20

20

20

22

21

22

19

21

22

22

21

21

21

21

21

21

20

20

20

20

20

22

26

28

29

30

26

24

24

24

May.

44

49

38

44

47

58

71

96

111

136

136

123

100

96

78

60

70

60

67

70

64

64

57

57

67

70

70

74

78

96

118

May.

25

24

23

24

23

24

24

24

22

23

22

25

30

32

44

50

59

64

72

64

' 48

40

40

38

37

36

35

35

34

32

32

June.

169

169

179

203

179

169

155

149

186

239

279

300

343

343

343

389

389

389

389

389

343

239

203

221

203

203

221

221

203

June.

36

33

36

50

59

52

52

64

166

206

217

283

304

304

348

348

442

394

325

325

325

225

348

370

370

370

370

348

325

July.

201

199

199

186

166

166

155

160

160

166

146

128

138

128

120

128

120

120

114

109

98

92

89

85

80

85

89

89

85

133

120

July.

283

304

283

263

243

236

228

228

236

263

228

192

182

172

172

172

IfiO

152

143

152

138

133

138

138

182

217

172

152

143

133

133

Aug.

149

116

109

123

105

100

100

94

tu

89

85

85

85

105

94

Qd

89

85

82

77

74

70

64

70

70

70

68

64

64

70

fia

Aug.

126

118

114

109

109

103

103

92

SO

83

103

83

92

92

89

83

83

75

75

75

64

59

56

56

56

50

52

59

56

52

48

Sept.

59

57

57

54

54

54

54

54

52

50

64

57

57

57

54

52

51

50

50

49

48 ' 47

48

49

49

48

46

46

44

/M

Sept.

46

45

45

44

44

45

48

46

as

44

JO

46

JO

48

45

44

44

' 42

41

40

42

40

40

40

40

39

39

39

39

39

95189° 19 WSP 457-
18 

Monthly dit

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

of Cottonwood Creek below Hot Springs, near Buena Vista, Colo., 

for the years ending September 30, 1915-17.

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

1914-15.

October.................................................. 62

November............................................... 43

D ecember................................................ 28

January.................................................. 21

February................................................ 24

March................................................... 24

April.................................................... 56

May..................................................... 133

June..................................................... 352

July..................................................... 221

August.................................................. 96

September............................................... 54

The year........................................... 352

1915-16. .

October.................................................. 45

November............................................... 31

December................................................ 29

January.................................................. 25

February................................................ 23

March................................................... 25

April..................................................... 59

May..................................................... 136

June..................................................... 389

July..................................................... 201

August.................................................. 149

September............................................... 64

The year........................................... 389

1916-17.

October.................................................. 52

November............................................... 40

December................................................ 33

January.................................................. 28

February................................................ 25

March................................................... 24

April.................................................... 30

May..................................................... 72

June..................................................... 442

July..................................................... 304

August.................................................. 126

September............................................... 48

The year........................................... 442

49.0

31.5

22.0

19.5

20.2

22.5

29.0

70.7

222

167

52.8

42.8

18 57.4

34

22

25

21

20

20

21

38

149

44

38.8

28.2

26.1

22.7

21.4

21.9

30.0

76.4

258

131

87.4

51.8

20 5.1

35

30

26

25

22

19

19

22

33

133

48

39

44.5

35.2

31.0

26.7

23.9

22.1

22.3

35.6

243

193

80.8

42.8

3,010

1,870

1,350

1.200

1,120

1,380

1,730

4,350

13,200

10,300

3,250

2,550

45,310

2,390

1,680

1,600

1,400

1,230

1,350

1,790

4,700

15.400

8,060

5,370

3,080

48,000

2,740

2,090

1,910

1,640

1,330

1,360

I,330 

2,190 

14,500

II,900 

4,970 

2,550

19 48,500

CHALK CREEK (UPPER STATION) NEAR ST. ELMO, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 15 S., R. 80 W., a quarter of a mile below power plant of

Tin Cup Gold Dredging Co., and 1J miles below St. Elmo, in Chaffee County.

Nearest tributary, Coal Creek, enters a quarter of a mile below. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 48 square miles (measured on Forest Atlas). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 15,1913, to September 30,1917. 

GAGE. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge near gage or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel. Control a short distance

below gage at small rapids which shifted during 1917 highwater. Banks not

subject to overflow. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder,

3.3 feet at 7 p. m. June 16 (discharge, 545 second-feet); minimum discharge, 9

second-feet during February and March. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice except occasionally for

short periods.
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 19

DIVERSIONS. No court decrees for diversions of water that is not returned to the 

stream above the station. Below there are decrees for diversion of 133 secondfeet from Chalk Creek.

REGULATION. Low-water flow regulated to a certain extent by a small reservoir at 

St. Elmo, formed by the diversion dam for the Tin Cup Gold Dredging Co.'s power 

house.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent but shifted gradually from December 22 to June 15; permanent for remainder of year. Bating curve for period, 

October 1 to June 15 well defined between 8 and 200 second-feet; curve for June 16 

to September 30 well defined between 16 and 280 second-feet. Water-stage recorder gave accurate record except for a few days during winter when ice formed 

in gage well. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily 

gage height determined by inspecting recorder graph; shifting-control method 

used December 22 to June 15. Records good except those for period December 

22 to June 15, which are fair.

Discharge measurements of Chalk Creels (upper station) near St. Elmo, Colo., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct 28

Jan. 15

Made by 

P.V.Hodges..........

T.J. Watkins. .........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.34

1.15

01.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

12.2

10.0

Date.

Feb. 19

July 17

Made by 

H.W.Fear. ...........

Robert Follansbee .....

Gage 

height.

Feet.

O Q7

2.33

1.78

Discharge.

Seo-ft. 

9 6

Oco

102

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chalk Creek (upper station) near St. Elmo, Colo., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. ..............

2.... ............

3................

4................

5................

6................

7.. ..............

8................

9................

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

21...............

Oct.

17

22

22

18

16

27

27

32

27

27

31

28

24

26

26

26

30

29

25

23

23

23

22

23

20

23

24

23

94.

22

on

Nov.

19

18

15

15

15

15

12

13

13

13

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

19

12

12

19

12

12

12

19

19

Dec.

12

12

12

12

10

10

10

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

13

13

13

13

13

14

13

12

12

10

10

10

10

11

19

Jan.

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

12

12

12

10

9

9

10

10

10

10

11

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

13

12

12

12

Feb.

11

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

- 9

g

9

9

9

g

9

9

Mar.

9

9

9

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

9

9

9

10

10

10

10

9

9

9

9

9

9

10

10

23

12

10

Apr.

10

11

12

28

31

18

22

16

16

12

12

14

14

16

13

12

12

12

12

16

19

23

31

44

50

46

35

30

27

27

May.

23

23

24

26

22

26

22

1Q

22

23

27

26

36

68

103

168

138

101

86

77

79

97

93

77

70

77

82

84

86

June.

90

86

124

165

162

143

180

228

309

366

330

339

387

426

432

431

419

416

395

371

353

365

365

365

359

338

320

308

323

320

July.

296

260

245

212

239

272

236

197

176

155

14.%

130

120

108

104

116

106

98

98

118

150

188

275

197

167

152

140

130

Aug.

104

86

81

79

81

79

64

*a

48

58

65

81

75

64

52

50

49

48

45

40

37

34

33

31

29

27

29

31

28

27

26

Sept.

97

no

no

9K

oq

26

26

25

23

22

23

23

22

23

22

21

 21

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

19

20

20

19

19

19

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 12-25, Dec. 7-15, Dec. 26 to Jan. 26. Feb. 1 to Mar. 8, 

and Mar. 24-27; discharge estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Discharge estimated Mar. 18-20, and Apr. 1-2, when gage did not operate.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

Monthly discharge at Chalk Creek (upper station) near St. Elmo, Cok>.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

April.....................................................

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

32 

19 

14 

13 

11 

23 

50 

168 

432 

296 

104 

28

432

Minimum.

16 

12 

10 

9 

9 

9 

10 

19 

86 

98 

26 

19

9

Mean.

24.2 

12.9 

11.8 

11.2 

9.75 

10.1 

21.4 

67.5 

307 

177 

52.5 

22.1

60.7

Run-oft 

(total in 

acre-feet).

1,490 

768 

726 

689 

541 

621 

1,270 

4,150 

18,300 

10,900 

3,230 

1,320

44,000

SOUTH FORK OF ARKANSAS RIVER AT PONCHA, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 10, T. 49 N., R. 8 E., at single-span highway bridge about half 

a mile from Poncha, in Chaffee County. Nearest tributary, Poncha Creek, 

enters one-fourth mile below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 140 square miles (measured on Forest atlas).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 14,1911, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bridge abutment; read by J. M. Cuenin. Datum 

lowered 1.00 foot August 19, 1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading nearby.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel and small boulders; rough. 

Control 20 feet below gage at small rapids, may shift slightly. Banks not subject 

to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.7 feet during 

night of June 19, as determined by high-water marks on gage (discharge, 449 

second-feet); minimum stage, 0.55 foot at 6 p. m. April 26 (discharge, 1.8 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation only slightly affected by ice as river is kept open by 

springs.

DIVERSIONS. Court decrees for diversions of 32 second-feet from the South Fork 

above station, and 29 second-feet below.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice for short periods 

in December and January. Standard rating curve fairly well denned. Gage 

. read to hundredths twice daily except during high water, when a third reading 

was obtained from high-water mark of previous night. Daily discharge ascertained by shifting-control method. Records good.

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Arkansas River at Poncha, Colo., during the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 17

Feb. 20

Made by 

P V TTArlcw!

T T WatlHno

.....do..................

£&

Feet.

1 9R

1 45

1.49

Discharge.

Sec.tt. 

30.8 39 4

38.9

Date.

97

Made by 

H.W.Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.16

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

18.6

166
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 21

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Arkansas River at Poncha, Colo.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

14

14

14

14

13

13

14

43

25

26

28

31

30

28

31

30

31

29

28

28

28

26

34

35

29

53

38

31

38

39

31

Nov.

31

31

29

28

26

25

29

28

26

36

30

39

33

25

39

47

53

47

41

41

46

47

43

43

43

43

43

43

46

45

Dec.

45

44

43

44

42

45

37

36

30

30

29

29

31

36

42

43

44

45

41

40

36

43

43

41

38

36

37,

38

39

43

44

Jan.

39

36

36

36

35

35

39

37

36

36

42

37

37

37

37

37

39

37

40

33

22

25

28

31

34

33

32

32

31

31

31

Feb.

'32

33

34

30

30

25

29

31

32

33

33

31

90

22

28

90

29

on

36

35

31

29

29

36

29

29

qn

q«

Mar.

37

36

34

32

34

29

39

26

32

29

29

26

25

27

26

31

31

31

25

22

24

20

21

94

23

21

22

97

28

23

22

Apr.

24

23

22

20

12

10

10

10

g

7

6

5

5

5

4

4

4

4

3

2

2

4

2

2

2

4

8

May.

14

8

6

3

2

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

8

18

43

58

4S

32

20

11

9

7

6

5

8

10

10

7

3

June.

5

6

5

10

28

14

36

48

130

212

202

204

194

298

348

324

324

327

399

327

260

240

260

242

222

194

175

184

148

132

July.

117 no

102

88

82

76

82

82

82

88

88

76

65

65

65

60

50

45

55

45

43

41

55

95

124

157

124

76

70

70

70

Aug.

50

43

33

32

26

22

14

13

13

31

36

3ft

31

27

24

24

26

29

26

26

21

27

29

25

20

48

15

18

17

18

17

Sept.

11

16

14

12

12

12

13

10

8

9

10

11

11

11

10

11

60

61

12

12

12

12

8

6

5

6

6

6

5

4

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 27-28, Jan. 13-15,22-24; discharge estimated from 

observer's notes and weather records.

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Arkansas River at Poncha, Colo.,for the year ending

Sept 30, 1917.

Month.

October. .................................................

November. ..............................................

January. ............................ ....................

March. ...................................................

April. ....................................................

May......................................................

July.................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

53 

53 

45 

42 

36 

37 

24 

58 

399 

157 

50 

61

399

Minimum.

13 

25 

29 

22 

22 

20 

2 

2 

5 

41 

13 

4

2

Mean.

28.0 

37.5 

39.2 

34.5 

30.7 

27.6 

7.5 

11.7 

183 

79.0 

26.5 

13.2

43.1

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

1,720 

2.230 

2,410 

2,120 

1,700 

1,700 

446 

719 

10,900 

4,860 

1,630 

786

31,200

PONCHA CREEK AT PONCHA, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 10, T. 49 N., B. 8 E., at single-span highway bridge near Poncha 

in Chaffee County, about one-fourth mile above mouth of creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 89 square miles (measured on Forest atlas).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 14, 1911, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on downstream side of left abutment; read by J. M. Cuenin. 

Gage originally 20 feet upstream on opposite bank; moved to present site on May 

6, 1914, and datum lowered 1.00 foot.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel which shifts slightly; no 

well-defined control. Banks are overflowed to a small extent during extremely 

high water.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 2.9 feet during nights of 

June 14 and 15, determined from high-water mark on gage (discharge, 233 secondfeet); minimum stage, 1.10 feet at 8.30 a. m. November 12, 13, and 14 (discharge, 

3 second-feet).

TCE. Stage-discharge relation only slightly affected by ice as creek is kept open 

by springs.

DIVERSIONS. Court decrees for diversions of 7 second-feet above station but none 

below. (

REGULATION . None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation slightly shifting; affected by ice for short periods 

during November, December, and January. Rating curve well defined between 

2 and 16 second-feet; fairly well defined between 16 and 140 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily; during certain periods the maximum stage 

which occurs during the night is also determined from water marks. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying to rating table the mean daily gage height 

obtained from either two or three readings; shifting-control method used for 

period January 1 to September 30. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Poncha Creek at Poncha, Colo., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 26

Jan. 17

Made by 

T.J. Watkins.. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.12

1.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9 S

9 7

Date.

Feb. 20

Made by 

T. J. "Watkins.. ........

H.W.Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.35

2.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8.9

72

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Poncha Creek at Poncha, Colo:, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

7

6

6

6

7

7

7

9

7

7

9

9

10

12

12

12

12

10

7

7

7

8

10

6

6

6

6

7

9

9

9

Nov.

8

10

9

7

6

7

7

5

6

9

8

6

3

3

6

7

8

8

8

8

10

11

12

12

13

13

12

12

12

Dec.

12

12

11

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

10

9

7

9

10

10

10

10

12

10

8

10

10

10

8

8

8

9

11

10

11

Jan.

10

9

9

8

9

9

9

10

9

9

8

8

10

10

12

12

9

8

9

9

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

9

Feb.

9

9

9

9

g

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

8

8

8

8

8

7

8

8

8

8

11

9

6

Mar.

6

7

7

8

9

8

9

8

8

8

8

8

10

10

7

10

10

9

9

10

8

10

11

11

8

11

7

12

16

10

Apr.

11

11

9

9

8

8

9

10

10

14

11

9

15

15

17

20

21

21

19

19

19

20

on

30

31

33

30

24

22

20

May.

20

22

20

23

20

18

18

20

20

20

18

18

18

18

35

52

83

110

110

92

50

68

55

55

50

47

4O

40

40

40

38

June.

48

36

40

80

76

65

82

120

131

154

142

142

142

166

192

120

120

95

131

120

92

88

88

74

80

68

64

36

30

47

July.

50

44

45

40

33

34

34

38

38

40

36

31

26

25

23

21

20

22

23

20

20

16

16

24

33

35

27

25

23

23

26

Aug.

23

20

19

17

16

14

12

11

11

13

12

13

13

14

13

12

13

13

12

11

10

9

8

8

7

8

7

7

7

6

Sept.

6

7

7

7

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

7

6

7

6

7

6

6

8

7

7

8

g

9

9

9

10

10

9

8

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 21-23, Dec. 26-28 and Jan. 22-24; discharge interpolated.
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 23

Monthly discharge ofPoncha Creek at Poncha, Colo.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

October. .................................................

November ...............................................

December. ...............................................

January .................................................

February......... ... ... ... ..... .. . ..

March.............................. ........... . ....

April............................................ ....

May.....................................................

June................ ... ...... ....

July.....................................................

August.................................... ... ... ....

September ...............................................

The year........................ ...................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12 

13 

12 

12 

11 

16 

33 

110 

192 

50 

23 

10

192

Minimum.

6 

3 

7 

8 

6 

4 

8 

18 

30 

16 

6 

6

3

Mean.

8.13 

8.50 

10.2 

8.87 

8.36 

8.94 

17.5 

41.2 

95.6 

29.4 

11.9 

7.23

21.3

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

500 

506 

627 

545 

461 

550 

1,040 

2,530 

5,690 

1.810 

732 

430

15,400

WEST BEAVER CREEK NEAR VICTOR, COLO.

LOCATION. In sec. 30, T. 16 S., R. 68 W., at Skagway power station of Arkansas Valley 

Railway, Light & Power Co., about 7 miles southeast of Victor, in Fremont 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 70 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1905, to September 30,1917.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Water used through power house is brought by 

pipe line from reservoir 3J miles upstream; quantity is measured hourly by 

weir, and a quantity representing the gain or loss in the reservoir during the 

period is added or subtracted. To determine the natural flow of the stream the 

seepage through the dam is measured by weir and added to the total quantity 

thus obtained. This method takes no account of evaporation from the surface 

of the reservoir.

DIVERSIONS. Above the power reservoir are three reservoirs from which the town 

of Victor obtains its municipal supply. In the upper basin are four reservoirs 

from which water is diverted into Lake Moraine and thence by natural channels 

to Colorado Springs, where it is used as municipal supply. Filings for these 

diversions from the basin 52 second-feet by ditch and 5 second-feet by pipe 

line have not yet been adjudicated. The town of Altman, for municipal supply, has also filed on five reservoir sites in the upper basin, having a combined 

capacity of 2,300 acre-feet. Below the power plant there are adjudicated decrees 

for diversions of 57 second-feet from Beaver Creek, which is formed by East and 

West Beaver creeks. In addition there is an irrigation reservoir in operation 

which has a filing for 4,760 acre-feet.

COOPERATION. Records are furnished through courtesy of Arkansas Valley Railway 

Light & Power Co., and are said to be probably correct within 5 per cent.

Monthly discharge of West Beaver Creek near Victor, Colo.,for the year ending September

SO, 1917.

Month.

April.........................

Discharge in secondfeet.

Mean.

7.82 

5.84 

4.55 

3.99 

3.61 

5.26 

9.97

Total in 

acre-feet.

481 

348 

280 

245 

200 

323 

593

Month.

May..........................

July..........................

Discharge in secondfeet.

Mean.

13.8 

21.6 

13.9 

12.3 

11.7

9.55

Total in 

acre-feet.

848 

1.290 

855 

756 

696

6,920
24 SUEFACB WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET VII.

BOEHMER CREEK NEAR PISES PEAK, COLO.

LOCATION. In NW. i sec. 32, T. 14 S., R. 68 W., 3J miles south of Pikes Peak, El Paso 

County, above Little Beaver and Sackett creeks. Elevation of station, 11,000 

feet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 7.2 miles (measured on topographic map). Of this area about 75 

per cent is above timber line. To the natural drainage has been added that of 

West Beaver Creek above Strickler tunnel intake.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Flow measured by sharp-crested weir, 60 inches 

long, with complete end contraction. A stake is driven into bed of stream in 

pool above weir, so that its head is level with crest of weir; depth of water over 

stage is measured by steel scale. Discharge is computed by Francis formula.

REGULATION. Flow regulated by series of three reservoirs having an aggregate capacity of 1,400 acre-feet; reservoirs operated by Colorado Springs water department.

DIVERSIONS. Water diverted above weir for use in Victor is measured and added to 

flow over Boehmer Creek weir to show total run-off.

COOPERATION. Monthly discharge computed from records furnished by Colorado 

Springs Water Department.

Monthly discharge of Boehmer Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo.,/or the year ending September

30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 7.2 square miles.]

Month.

April..............................

July............-.--.-.-......---.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13.5 

2.23 

1.58 

1.58 

1.13 

1.13 

2.07 

2.07 

15.1 

7.92 

10.4 

8.31

15.1

Minimum.

1.82 

2.23 

1.13 

1.35 

1.13 

.82 

.82 

1.23 

1.82 

4.72 

3.81 

2.04

.82

Mean.

5.94 

2.23 

1.56 

1.42 

1.13 

1.11 

1.07 

1.82 

8.01 

6.36 

7.97 

2.36

3.51

Per 

square 

mile.

0.825 

.310 

.216 

.197 

.157 

.154 

.149 

.253 

1.11 

.883 

1.11 

.328

.488

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.95 

.35 

.25 

.23 

.16 

.18 

.17 

.29 

1.24 

1.02 

1.28 

.37

6.49

Total in 

acre-feet.

365 

133 

95.9 

87.3 

62.8 

68.2 

63.7 

112 

477 

391 

490 

140

2,490

LITTLE BEAVER CREEK NEAR PISES PEAK, COLO.

LOCATION. In NW. £NW. J sec. 32, T. 14 S., R. 68 W., just above mouth of creek 3J 

milea south of Pikes Peak, El Paso County, Little Beaver Creek enters Boehmer 

Creek from the west 0.3 mile above reservoir No. 4. Elevation of station, 11,000 

feet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1.00 square mile (measured on topographic map). Approximately 

25 per cent of area above timber line; remainder sparsely timbered.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow measured by sharp-crested weir, 24 inches 

long, with complete end contraction. A stake is driven into bed of stream in pool 

above weir, so that its head is level with crest of weir; depth of water over stake is 

measured by steel scale. Discharge is computed by Francis formula.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

COOPERATION. Monthly discharge computed from records furnished by Colorado 

Springs Water Department.
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 25

Monthly discharge of Little Beaver Creek near Pikes Peak, Cola., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1.00 square mile.]

Month.

March.............................

April..............................

May...............................

July...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum .

0.30 

.10 

.10 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

3.29 

2.97 

.86 

.93

3.29

Minimum.

0.22 

.10 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.10 

.63 

.63 

.63

.00

Mean.

0.28 

.10 

.05 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

1.82 

1.15 

.75 

.78

.41

Per 

square 

mile.

0.28 

.10 

.05 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

1.82 

1.15 

.75 

.78

.41

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.32 

.11 

.06 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

2.03 

1.33 

.86 

.87

5.58

Total in 

acre-feet.

17.2 

6.0 

3.1 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

108 

70.7 

52.9 

46.4

304

SACKETT CREEK NEAR PIKES PEAK, COLO.

LOCATION. In the SE. J NW. J sec. 32, T. 14 S., R. 68 W., just above mouth of creek, 

4 miles southeast of Pikes Peak, El Paso County. Sackett Creek enters Boehmer 

Creek from the north a short distance above reservoir No. 4. Elevation of station, 

11,000 feet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 0.65 square mile (measured on topographic map). About 30 per 

cent of area above timber line, and remainder sparsely timbered.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Flow measured by sharp-crested weir 24 inches long 

 with complete end contraction. A stake is driven into bed of stream in pool above 

weir, so that its head is level with crest of weir; depth of water over stake is measured by steel scale. Discharge is computed by Francis formula.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

COOPERATION. Monthly discharge computed from records furnished by Colorado 

Springs Water Department.

Monthly discharge of Sackett Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1917.

[Drainage area, 0.65 square mile.]

Month.

January ......................

April..............................

May...............................

July...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

0.10 

.00 .00* 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.63 

2.96 

.82 

.40 

.16

2.96

Minimum.

0.06 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.05 

.36 

.16 

.16 

.05

.00

Mean.

0.09 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.17 

1.26 

.42 

.19 

.11

.19

Per

square 

mile.

0.138 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.262 

1.94 

.646 

.292 

.169

.292

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.16 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.30 

2.16 

.74 

.34 

.19

3.89

Total in 

acre-feet.

5.53 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

10.5 

75.0 

25.8 

11.7 

6.55

135
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

LION GREEK NEAR HALFWAY, COLO.

LOCATION. In NW. i sec. 15, T. 14 S., R. 68 W., at mouth of creek, half a mile 

southwest of Halfway, El Paso County. Lion Creek enters Ruxton Creek from 

the west. Elevation of station, 9,250 feet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2.00 square miles (measured on topographic map). Includes all 

area above the Crater apparently tributary to Sheep Creek. About 30 per cent 

of area above timber line, and remainder sparsely timbered.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1908, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow measured by sharp-crested weir 30 inches 

long with complete end contraction. A stake is driven into bed of stream in 

pool above weir, so that its head is level with crest of weir; depth of water over 

stake is measured by steel scale. Discharge is computed by Francis formula.

DIVERSIONS . None.

REGULATION. None.

COOPERATION. Monthly discharge computed from records furnished by Colorado 

Springs Water Department.

Monthly discharge of Lion Creek near Halfway, Colo., jar the year ending September

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 2.00 square miles.]

Month.

MAy..... ..........................

July...............................

September. .......................

The year. ...................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.30 

1.03 

.79 

.62 

.67 

.56 

1.03 

1.98 

1.98 

.91 

1.17 

1.24

1.98

Minimum.

0.97 

.73 

.56 

.32 

.36 

.41 

.51 

.56 

.73 

.56 

.73 

.73

.32

Mean.

1.14

.84 

.70 

.54 

.52 

.47 

.71 

1.05 

1.06 

.71 

.92 

.94

.80

Per 

square 

mile.

0.570 

.420 

.350 

.270 

.260 

.235 

.355 

.525 

.530 

.355 

.460 

.470

.400

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.66 

.47 

.40 

.31 

.27 

.27 

.40 

.61 

.59 

.41 

.53 

.52

5.44

Total in 

acre-feet.

70.1 

50.0 

43.0 

33.2 

28.9 

28.9 

42.2 

64.6 

63.1 

43.7 

56.6 

55.9

580

SHEEP CREEK NEAR HALFWAY, COLO.

LOCATION. In SW. J sec. 11, T. 14 S., R. 68 W., a quarter of a mile west of Halfway, 

El Paso County. No tributary between station and mouth, a short distance 

below. Sheep Creek enters Ruxton Creek from the west a short distance above 

Halfway. Elevation of station, 9,100 feet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 0.73 square mile (measured on topographic map). Does not include any area above the Crater as this is most probably tributary to Lion Creek. 

Practically all below timber line, but sparsely timbered.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1908, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow measured by sharp-crested weir 30 inches 

long with complete end contraction. A stake is driven into bed of stream in 

pool above weir, so that its head is level with crest of weir; depth of water over 

stake is measured by steel scale. Discharge is computed by Francis formula.

D [VERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

COOPERATION. Monthly discharge computed from records furnished by Colorado 

Springs Water Department.
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN. 27

Monthly discharge of 'Sheep Creek near Halfway, Colo., for year ending September SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 0.73 square miles.]

Month.

March... ..........................

April..............................

May...............................

July...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

0.67 

.46 

.36

.27 

.16 

.51 

.67 

1.45 

1.45 

.56 

.61 

.51

1.45

Minimum.

0.46 

.36 

.27 

.13 

.04 

.10 

.13 

.32 

.51 

.32 

.19 

.32

.04

Mean.

0.52 

.37 

.28 

.19 

.11 

.16 

.37 

.87 

.86 

.45 

.48 

.39

.42

Per 

square 

mile.

0.711

.506 

.383 

.260 

.151 

.219 

.507 

1.19 

1.18 

.616 

.658 

.534

.575

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.82

.56 

.44 

.30 

.16 

.25 

.57 

1.37 

1.32 

.71 

.76 

.60

7.86

Total in 

acre-feet.

32.0 

22.0 

17.2 

11.7 

6.11 

9.84 

22.0 

53.5 

51.2 

27.7 

29.5 

23.2

306

SOUTH RUXTON CREEK AT HALFWAY, COLO.

LOCATION. In SW. J sec. 11, T. 14 S., R. 68 W., just above hydroelectric intake at 

Halfway, El Paso County. No tributary between station and mouth, a short 

distance below. South Ruxton Creek enters Ruxton Creek from the south at 

Halfway. Elevation of station 9,000 feet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3.95 square miles (measured on topographic map). Practically all 

below timber line and heavily timbered.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 1,1906, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Flow measured by two sharp-crested weirs with 

complete end contraction. Discharge is computed by Francis formula. The 

main weir is one-third mile above the mouth of the creek and a short distance 

above the hydroelectric intake, which has a capacity of 4.63 second-feet. The 

second weir is half-way between the main weir and the mouth of the creek and 

measures the inflow chiefly from springs below the intake and a small amount of 

seepage. At all times except during high water the capacity of the intake is 

sufficient to take the entire flow passing the main weir, and the flow at the two 

weirs is combined to give the total run-off of the basin. During high water the 

excess passing the intake and recorded at the lower weir does not represent increased flow between the weirs, and is discarded. In its place is used a constant 

quantity based on inflow and seepage at other times.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

COOPERATION. Monthly discharge computed from records furnished by Colorado 

Springs Water Department.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

Monthly discharge of South Ruxton Creek at Halfway, Colo.,for the year ending September

30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 3.95 square miles.]

Month.

November ........................

February ....................

May...............................

July..............................

August............................

September ........................

The year. ...................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2.40 

1.90 

1.45 

1.17 

1.03 

1.03 

1.90 

3.22 

5.17 

3.60 

2.84 

3/50

5.17

Minimum.

1.90 

1.38 

1.17 

.97 

.85 

.85 

.79 

1.17 

2.93 

2.49 

2.10 

1.98

.79

Mean.

2.08 

1.62 

1.32 

1.09 

.96 

.91 

1.14 

2.15 

4.09 

2.97 

2.52 

2.38

1.94

Per 

square 

mile.

0.527 

.411 

.334 

.276 

.243 

.230 

.289 

.544 

1.04 

.752 

.638 

.603

.491

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.61 

.46 

.39 

.32 

.25 

.27 

.32 

.63 

1.16 

.87 

.74 

.67

6.69

Total in 

acre-feet.

128 

96.4 

81.2 

67.0 

53.3 

56.0 

67.8 

132 

243 

183 

155 

142

1,400

CABIN CREEK NEAR HALFWAY, COLO.

LOCATION. In SW. JNW. Isec. 11, T. 14 S., R. 68 W., just above hydroelectric intake, 

about three-eighths mile north of Halfway, El Paso County. Cabin Creek enters 

Ruxton Creek half a mile below Halfway. Elevation of station about 9,000 feet.

DRAINAGE AEEA. 2.4 square miles (measured on topographic map). About 15 per 

cent of area above timber line and remainder sparsely timbered.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1,1906, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow measured by two sharp-crested weirs with 

complete end contraction. Discharge computed by Francis formula. The 

main weir is about one-third of a mile above the mouth of the creek and just 

above the hydroelectric intake. The second weir is 50 feet above the mouth 

of the creek and measures the flow from springs and small tributaries entering 

below the intake. Except during high water the measured flow at the weirs 

is combined to give the total run-off from the basin. During high water the record 

from the lower weir is discarded and the inflow estimated. (See South Ruxton 

Creek at Halfway, Colo., p. 27.)

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATIONS. None.

COOPERATION. Monthly discharge computed from records furnished by Colorado 

Springs Water Department.

Monthly discharge of Cabin Creek near Halfway, Colo., for the year ending September

SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 2.4 square miles.]

Month.

October...........................

April..............................

July...............................

Total........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.45 

.97 

.68 

.37 

.23 

.46 

.73 

2.49 

3.50 

1.60 

1.45 

1.60

3.50

Minimum.

0.91 

.61 

.36 

.16 

.04 

.13 

.32 

.56 

1.63 

1.03 

.97 

.97

.04

Mean.

1.13 

.76 

.52 

.27 

.15 

.21 

.51 

1.57 

2.51 

1.30 

1.23 

1.07

.94

Per 

square 

mile.

0.471 

.317 

.217 

.112 

.0625 

.0875 

.212 

.654 

1.05 

.542 

.512 

.446

.392

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.54 

.35 

.25 

.13 

.07 

.10 

.24 

.75 

1.17 

.62 

.59 

.50

5.31

Total in 

acre-feet.

69.5 

45.2 

32.0 

16.6 

8.33 

12.9 

30.3 

96.5 

149 

79.9 

75.6 

63.7

680
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII. 29

BED RIVER BASIN. 

MEDICINE BLUFF CREEK NEAR LAWTON, OKLA.

LOCATION. In sec. 18, T. 3 N., R. 12 W., at Medicine Park, 12 miles northwest of 

Lawton, in Comanche County; nearest tributary, Little Medicine Bluff Creek, 

enters a few hundred yards above.

DRAINAGE AREA. About 110 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 26, 1912, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed February 16, 1915, on left bank onethird mile below Medicine Park Hotel. Original gage was vertical staff on left 

bank a short distance below hotel, and set to datum 0.68 foot higher than that of 

the present gage; fall between the two points, 0.18 foot. February 19, 1917, a 

dam was completed 200 feet downstream, which turned section of the creek into 

a pool and completely changed control. Datum of water-stage recorder raised.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 100 yards above gage or by wading 

at control.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel overlying bedrock. 

Banks high and not subject to overflow. Control prior to February 19, 1917, a 

rock ledge in the lowest part of which for a width of 10 feet are boulders; practically permanent; control since February, 1917, crest of concrete dam.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

2.45 feet October 8 (discharge, 44 second-feet); minimum discharge 0.2 secondfoot during greater part of February, March, and April.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. The Lawton waterworks diverts about 1.6 second-feet from Lawton 

reservoir on Medicine Bluff Creek.

REGULATION. Flow controlled to a great extent by Lawton reservoir, which is 1J 

miles upstream; capacity, 14,000 acre-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent before and after completion of dam which forms new control; completely changed by construction of 

dam. Well-defined rating curve applicable until February 15 and fairly well 

defined curve after February 19. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory 

until May 6, when it was removed. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to 

rating table mean daily gage height obtained by inspecting recorder graph. 

Records good.

Discharge measurements of Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by Robert Follansbee.]

Date.

Feb. 15. ..........................................................................

19....... ......................................................................

Sept. 29.. ..........................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.55

6 1.74

1.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a 0.5

11.0

<*2.5

a Estimated. & Stage-discharge relation changed by new control.
30 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

I......................................

2.....................................

3.....................................

4.....................................

5.....................................

6.....................................

7.....................................

8.....................................

9.....................................

10.....................................

11.....................................

12.....................................

13.....................................

14.....................................

15.....................................

16.....................................

17.....................................

18.....................................

19.....................................

20.....................................

21.....................................

22.....................................

23.....................................

24.....................................

25.....................................

26.....................................

27.....................................

28.....................................

9Q

30.....................................

31.....................................

Oct.

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.2

2.1

2.8

7.3

23

4.4

3.6

1 S

.9

1.0

.8

1.1

i i

3.0

3.0

3 4

4.4

5.8

5.2

PI 4

S

o

5 A

5.4

5 4

5.4

15

113 4

Nov.

3.4

1.6

.7

.8

.6

.9

1 S.

5 4

5.2

5.0

5

i)

5.4

6.2

5.2

5.0

5.6

5.0

4.8

5.0

5 4

6.8

6.8

5.8

5 A

* 4

P! 4

PI 4

5 9

5 9

5.0

Dec.

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.2

2.8

1.4

.7

1.1

1.1

.7

.5

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.4

.5

.4

.4

.4

Jan.

0.5

1.3

1.5

1.3

.8

.9

.9

.9

1.1

1.6

.8

2.0

1.3

.7

.6

.9

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.8

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

2.8

Feb.

0.9

.2

.2

.2

.2

.6

.7

1.1

1.3

1.6

.7

.8

2.8

1.3

1.1

1.0

.8

.6

11.0

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

Mar.

0.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

1.1

1.6

1.1

1.6

1.6

.7

.2

.2

.2

.2

Apr.

0.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2 ' .2

.2

.2

.7

1.1

2.0

May.

1.6

1.6

1.6

.7

1.1

0

1.1

NOTE. Discharge estimated Jan. 24-27 and Feb. 16-18. Discharge for May to September estimated, 

 and represents the leakage from Lawton reservoir. Discharge on Feb. 19 is a temporary flow from water 

stored in Lawton reservoir.

Monthly discharge of Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

Month.

mj....................... ...............................

June.....................................................

July...... ................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

23 

6.8 

4.6 

2.8 

11.0 

1.6 

2.0

23

Minimum.

0.8 

.6 

.4 

.5 

.2 

.2 

.2

.2

Mean.

4.59 

4.55 

2.29 

1.12 

1.03 

.41 

.31 

o2.0 

o2.0 

o2 0 

o2.0 

o2.0

2.03

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

282 

271 

141 

68.9 

57.2 

25.2 

18.4 

123 

119 

123 

123 

119

1,470

o Estimated. Leakage from Lawton reservoir.
BED RIVER BASIN. 31

Corrected monthly discharge of Medicine Bluff Creek, near Lawton, Okla., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

April../. ...... ...............

Discharge 

in secondfeet, 

mean.

0

0

0

0

1.6

6.8

0

Run-off, 

total in 

acre-feet.

0

0

0

0

89

418

0

Month.

May..........................

July..........................

Discharge 

in secondfeet, 

mean.

3.9

0

0

2.4

0

Run-off, 

total in 

acre-feet.

240

0

0

148

0

895

NOTE. Record corrected for storage, evaporation, and diversion by Lawton waterworks. 

LITTLE MEDICINE BLUFF CREEK NEAR LAWTON, OKLA.

LOCATION. 150 feet below west line of Bee. 18, T. 3 N., R. 12 W., half a mile above the 

mouth of creek and 12J miles northwest of Lawton, in Comanche County.

DRAINAGE AREA. About 10 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 26, 1912, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bank; read by J. B. Lenertz. Upstream 200 feet is a 

gage referred to same datum, which is read by observer during flood to determine 

slope between it and regular gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of ledge rock overlain with sand. Control 

is rock ledge just below gage. Between station and crest of small dam on Medicine 

Bluff Creek just below Little Medicine Bluff Creek there is a fall of about 8 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 0.25 foot October 

15 (discharge, 0.85 second-foot); channel practically dry last part of year.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well 

defined. Gage read to half-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage height to rating table. The discharge being so extremely 

small it is probable that the percentage error is large, though the actual error in 

determination is small.

Discharge measurements of Little Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla., during ihe

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by Robert Follansbee.]

Date.

Feb. 19..............................................................................

Sept. 29... ..........................................................................

£&.

Feet. 

0.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. aO.l

0.0

a Estimated.
32 STTEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PABT VII.

Daily discharge, in second-feet of Little Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawron, Okla.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917,

Day.

1. ......... ................................ ......

2...................................................

3...................................................

4..........................................

5.......................................... ......

6................................ ..... .

7.......................................

8............... . . .

9............................................. ..

10.......................................... .

11 ...................................................

12..........................................

13...................................................

14.......................................... .

15...................................................

16...................................................

17...................................................

18...................................................

19 .......................................... . .

20...................................................

21 .......................................... ....

22...................................................

23................................................ ..

24 .......................................... .

25...................................................

26..................................................

27...................................................

28...................................................

29

30...................................................

31...................................................

Oct.

0.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

n>>

.05

.05

n>>

.05

.10

.10

.10

.85

.40

.40

.25

.25

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

08

.08

.08

AC

.10

.10

Nov.

0.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.25

.25

.25

.20

.20

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.25

.40

.40

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

OR

.10

Dec.

0.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.00

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

Jan.

0.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

Feb.

0.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.05

.05

Mar.

0.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.25

.40

.40

.40

.40

.25

.25

.25

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.05

.05

.05

.05

Apr.

0.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

NOTE. Stream practically dry most of the summer. A discharge of about 0.1 second-foot occurred 

May 30-31 and August 20-21.

Monthly discharge of Little Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

0.85 

.40 

.10 

.10 

.16 

.40 

.05

Minimum.

0.05 

.10 

.05 

.00 

.00 

.05 

.00

Mean.

0.13 

.18 

.07 

.05 

.06 

.13 

.04

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

8.0 

10.7 

4.3 

3.1 

3.3 

8.0 

2.4

39.8

EVAPORATION STATION NEAR LAWTON, OEXA.

LOCATION. In a somewhat sheltered bay on the west side of Lawton reservoir, 12 

miles northwest of Lawton, in Comanche County.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 20, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

EQUIPMENT TOR MEASUREMENT. A galvanized iron pan, 3 feet square and 18 

inches deep, floating in the center of a skeleton raft 75 feet from shore. In the 

center of the pan is a vertical needle point, which is the reference point for 

measuring evaporation. Rainfall measured by rain gage placed on raft from 

February 20, 1913, to February 20, 1917, when rain gage was moved to dam 

three-quarters of a mile distant. September 29, 1917, rain gage was again moved 

to point on shore near evaporation pan.
EED KIVEK BASIN. 33

Daily evaporation, in indies, at Lawton reservoir, near Lawton, Okla.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. .............. 

2............... 

3............... 

4....... ........ 

5...............

6............... 

7...............

8............... 

9............... 

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17............... 

18............... 

19............... 

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

21...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Oct.

0.14 

.15 

.13 

.14 

.18

.17 

.17

.16 

.13 

.13

.12 

.11

.10

.09

.09

.09 

.08 

.10 

.07 

.08

.09

.09

.10

.04

.07

.09

.09

.07

.10 

.12 

.14

Nov.

0.18 

.14 

.16 

.13 

.14

.09 

.08

.08 

.06 

.07

.06 

.05

.06

.06

.05

.05 

.06 

.08 

.07 

.10

.09

.06

.05

nfi

.07

.06

.04

.07

.06 

.05

Dec.

0.06 

.06 

.05 

.07 

.05

.05 

.04

.04 

.06 

.04

.03 

.02

.02

.02

.02

.03 

.04 

.03 

.03 

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02 

.02 

.03

Jan.

0.04 

.04 

.04 

.03 

.05

.04 

.04

.05 

.05 

.04

.03 

.03

.02

.02

.02

.02 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.02

.03

.03

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

.03

.03 

.04 

.02

Fob.

::::.::

.:.:::.

.03

.14

.05

.07

.06

.07

.07

.08

04

.04

Mar.

0.03 

.03 

.03 

.03 

 04

.06 

.04

.07 

.05 

.06

.08 

.10

08

.07

.06

.06 

.08 

.09 

.08 

.10

.10

.09

.11

.10

.10

.07

.09

.10

.11 

.10 

.12

Apr.

0.08 

.09 

.07 

.08 

.10

.11

.......

.12

.11

.13

.14 

.14 

.15 

.12 

.13

.14

.14

.14

.12

.13

OK

.11

.09

.08 

.20

May.

0.12 

.13 

.10 

.09 

.11

.23

.28

.14 

.00 

.02

.04 

.10

.10

.12

.11

.14 

.20 

.24 

.32 

.00

00

.06

04

.08

.10

.14

.18

.16

.29 

.08 

.09

June.

0.16 

.18 

.20 

.24 

.18

.24 

.22

.50 

.24 

.10

.12 

.16

.11

.14

.18

.22 

.30 

.26 

.25 

.20

.28

.27

.30

.24

.20

.26

.28

.30

.28 

.30

July.

0.35 

.52 

.10 

.10 

.16

.22 

.26

.30 

.32 

.36

.34 

.32

.30

.34

.30

.28 

.62 

.34 

.36 

.34

.32

.30

.32

.06

.22

.34

.36

.34

.36 

.34 

.36

Aug.

0.34 

.32 

.30 

.34 

.30

.66 

.20

.10 

.20 

.09

.50

.28

.06

.20

.22

.18 

.20 

.18 

.10 

.97

.18

.20

.10

.20

.18

.20

.24

.10

.10 

.15 

.10

Sept.

0.10 

.18 

.26 

.16 

.18

.20 

.24

.10 

.12 

.26

.16 

.20

.10

.18

.25

.14 

.15 

.12 

.14 

.16

.18

.17

.16

10

.20

10

.36

.20

.21

.18

NOTE. Pan frozen Dec. 12-14, 20-30, Jan. 14-20, 23-26, Mar. 1-4; evaporation estimated. No record 

Feb. 1-2,15-20, and Apr. 7-12. Irregularities in daily evaporation due partly to fact that rain gage did 

not always indicate the amount of precipitation at pan. Oct. 1 to May 2 pan and raft rested on dry ground, 

owing to subsidence of reservoir level.

Monthly evaporation, in inches, at Lawton reservoir, near Lawton, Okla.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

October...................................... 3.43

November.................................... 2.38

December.................................... 1.01

January...................................... .92

March........................................ 2.33

95189° 19 WSP 457 3

May.........:.................-.............. 3.81

June......................................... 6.91

July.......................................... 9.55

August....................................... 7.49

.................................. 5.42
INDEX.

Accuracy of data and records, degrees of..... 8-9

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 6

Appropriations, record of.................... 5

Arkansas River at Granite, Colo............. 11-12

at Salida, Cole........................... 12-14

East Fork of, near Leadville, Colo....... 9-11

South Fork of, at Poncha, Colo.......... 20-21

Arkansas River basin, gaging-station records

in............................... 9-28

Arkansas Valley Railway, Light & Power

Co., acknowledgment to......... 9

Authorization of work....................... 5-6

Boehmer Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo....... 24

Buena Vista, Colo., Cottonwood Creek near.. 15-18

Cabin Creek near Halfway, Colo............. 28

Chalk Creek (upper station) near St. Elmo,

Colo............................. 18-20

Colorado State engineer, acknowledgment

to............................... 9

Control, definition of........................ 6

Cooperation, record of....................... 9

Cottonwood Creek below Hot Springs, near

Buena Vista, Colo............... 15-18

Current meters, plate showing............... 6

Data, accuracy of............................ 8-9

explanation of........................... 7-8

Definitions of terms......................... 6

Dickinson, W. E., work of................... 9

Errors, possibility of......................... 8-9

Evaporation station near Lawton, Okla..... 32-33

Fear, H. W., work of........................

Follansbee, Robert, work of.................

Friez water-stage recorder, plate showing....

Gaging station, typical, plate showing....... 6

Gaging stations, number of.................. 5-6

Granite, Colo., Arkansas River at............ 11-12

Gurley water-stage recorder, plate showing.. 7

Halfway, Colo., Cabin Creek near............ 28

Lion Creek near......................... 26

Sheep Creek near........................ 26-27

South Ruxton Creek at.................. 27-28

Hodges, P. V., work of...................... 9

Hot Springs near Buena Vista, Colo., Cottonwood Creek below............... 15-18

Page. 

Lawton, Okla., evaporation station near.... 32-33

, Little Medicine Bluff Creek near. ........ 31-32

Medicine Bluff Creek near. .............. 29-31

Leadville, Colo., East Fork of Arkansas River

near............................. 9-11

Tennessee Fork near _ ................. 14-15

Lion Creek near Halfway, Colo.............. 26

Little Beaver Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo... 24-25 

Little Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton,

Okla............................ 31-32

McReynolds, B. B., acknowledgment to. .... 9 

Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla. . . . 29-31 

Meyers, Miss Bessie, work of.... ............. 9

Pikes Peak, Colo., Boehmer Creek near....... 24

Little Beaver Creek near........ ........ 24-25

Sackett Creeknear. '..................... 25

Poncha, Colo., South Fork of Arkansas River

at............................... 20-21

Poncha Creek at Poncha, Colo............... 21-23

Poorly defined, use ofterm. ...... ........... 8

Price current meters, plate showing. _ ...... 6

Red River basin, gaging-station records in. - . 29-33 

Run-off (depth in inches), definition of ...... 6

Sackett Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo. ........ 25

St. Elmo, Colo., Chalk Creek near. .......... 18-20

Salida, Colo., Arkansas River at ............. 12-14

Second-foot, definition of.................... 6

Sheep Creek near Halfway, Colo............. 26-27

Soule", S. B., work of..... . ................... 9

South Ruxton Creek at Halfway, Colo. ...... 27-28

Stage-discharge relation, definition of ........ 6

Stevens water-stage recorder, plate showing.. 7

Tennessee Fork near Leadville, Colo. ........ 14-15

Terms, definitions of......................... 6

U. S. Forest Service, acknowledgment to. ...

II. S. Reclamation Service, acknowledgment

to............................... 9

Victor, Colo., West Beaver Creek near . .. .... 23

Water-stage recorders, plate showing. ....... 7

Watkins, T. J., work of.... .................. 9

Well-defined, use ofterm.................... 8

West Beaver Creek near Victor, Colo ........ 23

Zero flow, point of, defined. 6

35
PUBLICAT

PAK1

STEEAM-GAGIM STATIONS

AND

ONS EELATING TO WATEE EESOUECES

VH. LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASH
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

Investigation 

Survey has cons is 

flow of streams 

it has comprised 

irrigation, water 

quality of wate 

been published 

appeared in the 

monographs.

The results oi 

nually in 12 p*Tt: 

coincide with n

INTRODUCTION.

of water resources by the United States Geological 

ted in large part of measurements of the volume of

and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

also investigation of such closely allied subjects as 

storage, water powers, underground waters, and

s. Most of the results of these investigations have

in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

bulletins, professional papers, annual reports, and

Part I. North Atlai.tic 

II. South Atlai .tic and

III. Ohio River basin

IV. St. Lawren

V. Upper Mississippi

VI. Missouri Hi

VII. Lower Miss ssipp

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins

I.. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin

XI. Pacific slop 

XII. North Pacif c slope

Water-supply 

Geological Surv

of the United

Director of the 

printed for free

stream-flow measurements are now published ans, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

,tural drainage features, as indicated below:

ic slope basins.

eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

:e River basin.

River and Hudson Bay basins, 

er basin.

 i River basin.

basins in California.

basins (in three parts).

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSITLTED.

papers and other publications of the United States 

>y containing data in regard to the water resources

States may be obtained or consulted as indicated

below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the

Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.
IV SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., Boom 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Madison, Wis., care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building.

Portland, Oreg., Post Office Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

San Francisco, Calif., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Calif., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

Topeka, Kans., 25 Federal Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,100 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

fA=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; W=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt. 2. ...........

llth A, pt.,2... .........

12th A, pt. 2.. ..........

13th A, pt.3.. ..........

14th A, pt. 2.. ..........

B131. ..................

16thA.pt. 2............

B140...................

Wll............. .......

18th A, pt. 4............

W 15..... ........ .......

W16..... ...............

19th A, pt. 4............

W27... .................

W28.. ..................

Character of data.

.....do........................................................

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements . ratings, and gage heights , eastern United States, 

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

Year.

1884 to Sept., 

1890. 

1884 to June 30, 

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31, 

1893. 

1893 to 1894.

1895.

1896. 

1895 and 1896.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1898.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report

20th A, pt. 4. ...........

W35 to 39.. ............

21st A. pt. 4.. ...........

W47 to 52.. ............

22d A, pt. 4.. ...........

W65, 66. ...............

W75-. ...... ............

W82 to 85.. ............

W97tolOO.... .........

W124 to 135... .........

W165 to 178... .........

W201 to 214. ...........

W241 to 252.. ..........

W261to272............

W281to292............

W301 to 312.. ..........

W321 to 332.. ..........

W351 to 362... .........

W 381 to 304............

W401to414. ...........

W 431 to 444............

W451to464............

Character of data.

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

Year.

1898.

1899.

1899. ionn

1900.

torn

loni

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

1915.

1916.

1917.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basins, the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1917. The data for any particular station will, in general, oe found 

in the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for Machias River at Whitneyville, 

Me., 1903 to 1917, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124,165, 

201, 241, 261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, 431, and 451, which contain records for the New England streams from 1903 to 1917. Results of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage basins.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream me

Year.

18990..... 

19000..... 

1901.......

1902.......

1903.......

1904.......

1905.......

1906.......

1907-8..... 

1909.......

1910.......

1911.......

1912.......

1913.......

1914.......

1915.......

1916.......

1917.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35 

47, ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

« 124, o 125, 

P126 

» 165, o 166, 

P167 

» 201,o 202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431 

451

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

(James 

River 

to the 

Mississippi).

635,36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

p 126, 127

P 167, 168 

p 203,204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432 

452

III

Ohio 

River.

36 

48,* 49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

' 205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433 

453

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes.

36 

49 

65,75 

*82,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434 

454

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper 

Mississippi 

River.

36 

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,85 

*98,99,rolOO 

* 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435 

455

VI

Missouri 

River.

c36,37 

49, >50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130, « 131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436 

456

VII

Lower Mississippi 

River.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,84 

*98,99 

* 128, 131

* 169, 173 

* 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407 

437 

457

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

208 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438 

458

C

1

o Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Watei-Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

f Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope basins.

e Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

& Wissahickon and SchuylMll rivers to James River.

< Scioto River.

/ Loup and Platte 

with Platte.

* Tributaries of Mi

Z Lake Ontario and 

i» Hudson Bay only

» New England riv

o Hudson River to 

p Susquehanna Riv

? Platte and Kansa

r Great Basin in C

* Below junction w

* Rogue, Umpqua
STREAM-GAGING STATION'S. VII

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts, as indicated on page in, and 

in the records for large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the streams 

in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross back and 

forth over the lake surface.
PART VII. LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN.

PBINCIPAL STBEAMS.

The principal streams flowing to the Mississippi below the mouth 

of the Missouri on the west and the Ohio on the east, are Meramec, 

White, Arkansas (whose chief tributaries are Huerfano, Purgatory, 

Cimarron, Verdigris, Neosho, and Canadian rivers), Yazoo, Homochitto, and Red rivers. The streams drain wholly or in part the 

States of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas.

In addition to the annotated list of publications relating specifically to the section, these pages contain a similar list of reports that 

are of general interest in many sections and cover a wide range of 

hydrologic subjects, and also brief references to reports published by 

State and other organizations. (See p. xx.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash after a date indicates that station was being maintained Sept. 30,1917; period after a date 

indicates discontinuance.

MERAMEC RIVER BASIN.

Meramec River near Meramec, Mo., 1903-1906. 

Meramec River near Eureka, Mo., 1903-1906. 

Meramec River (Station No. 1) at Fenton, Mo., 1903. 

Meramec River (Station No. 2) below Fenton, Mo., 1903. 

Dry Fork of Meramec River near St. James, Mo., 1903. 

Spring Branch:

Meramec Spring near Meramec, Mo., 1903-1906. 

Courtois Creek at Scotia, Mo., 1905-6.

WHITE RIVER BASIN.

White River at Beaver, Ark., 1909-10. 

White River near Branson, Mo., 1909-10. 

White River near Lead Hill, Ark., 1909-10. 

White River near Cotter, Ark., 1909-10.

Buffalo River near Gilbert, Ark., 1909-10

North Fork River near Henderson, Ark., 1909-10.

Black River:

Eleven Point River:

Greer Spring at Greer, Mo., 1904.

Little Red River near Pangburn, Ark., 1909-10.

ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN.

Arkansas River, East Fork (head of Arkansas River), near Leadville, Colo., 1890; 1911- 

Arkansas River at Granite, Colo., 1897-1899; 1910- 

Arkansas River at Salida, Colo., 1895-1903; 1909- 

Arkansas River at Canon City, Colo., 1888-1913. 

Arkansas River near Rock Canyon, Colo., 1889.

IX
X SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

Arkansas River at Pueblo, Colo., 1885-1889; 1894-1913.

Arkansas River near Nepesta, Colo., 1897-1903; 1909-1913.

Arkansas River near Manzanola, Colo., 1898.

Arkansas River near Rocky Ford, Colo., 1897-1903.

Arkansas River at La Junta, Colo., 1889; 1894-95; 1901; 1903; 1908; 1912-13.

Arkansas River at Las Animas, Colo., 1898; 1909.

Arkansas River at New Fort Lyons, Colo., 1911.

Arkansas River near Prowers, Colo., 1903.

Arkansas -River at Prowers, Colo., 1900-1901.

Arkansas River near Amity canal head gates, Colo., 1898-99; 1901.

Arkansas River near Lamar, Colo., 1913.

Arkansas River near Granada, Colo., 1898-1901; 1903.

Arkansas River near Holly (Barton or Byron), Colo., 1894; 1901-2; 1907-1913.

Arkansas River near Coolidge, Kans., 1903.

Arkansas River near Syracuse, Kans., 1902-1906.

Arkansas River at Dodge, Kans., 1903-1906.

Arkansas River near Hutchinson, Kans., 1895-1905;

Arkansas River at Arkansas City, Kans., 1902-1906.

Tennessee Fork near Leadville, Colo., 1890; 1903; 1911-

Lake Fork of Arkansas River near Arkansas Junction, Colo., 1890; 1903.

Half Moon Creek near Leadville, Colo., 1911-1914.

Lake Creek near Twin Lakes, Colo., 1899-1900.

Twin Lakes outlet near Twin Lakes, Colo., 1910.

Clear Creek near Granite, Colo., 1890; 1910.

Cottonwood Creek near Buena Vista, Colo., 1890.

Cottonwood Creek at Hot Springs tunnel, near Buena Vista, Colo., 1910-11.

Cottonwood Creek below Hot Springs, near Buena Vista, Colo., 1911- 

South Fork of Cottonwood Creek near Buena Vista, Colo., 1890. 

North Cottonwood Creek near Buena Vista., Colo, 1911-1914.

Chalk Creek (upper station) near St. Elmo, Colo., 1913-

Chalk Creek near St. Elmo, Colo., 1911-1916.

Chalk Creek near Buena Vista, Colo., 1910.

South Fork of Arkansas River at Poncha, Colo., 1911- 

Poncha Creek at Poncha, Colo., 1911T

Grape Creek near Canon City, Colo., 1907-1909.

Oil or Fourmile Creek near Canon City, Colo., 1910.

West Beaver Creek (head of Beaver Creek) near Victor, Colo., 1905- 

Boehmer Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo., 1909-

Little Beaver Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo., 1909- 

Sackett Creek near Pikes Peak, Colo., 1909-

Fountain Creek:

Lion Creek near Halfway, Colo., 1908- 

Sheep Creek near Halfway, Colo., 1908- 

South Ruxton Creek near Halfway, Colo., 1906- 

Cabin Creek near Halfway, Colo., 1906-

Huerfano River at Badito, Colo., 1912.

Huerfano River near Undercliffe, Colo., 1908.

Cucharas River at Walsenburg, Cole., 1907-8.

Purgatory (Las Animas) River at Trinidad, Colo., 1896-1899; 1905-1912.

Purgatory River near canyon entrance (Alfalfa), Colo., 1905-1907.

Purgatory River at J. J. ranch near La Junta, Colo., 1898.

Purgatory River near Las Animas, Colo., 1889 and 1909.

Big Sandy Creek at Hugo, Colo., 1910-1912.
GAGING STATIONS. XI

Arkansas River tributaries Continued.

Big Sandy Creek near Kit Carson, Colo., 1910-1912. 

Big Spring Creek near Arena, Colo., 1910-1912. 

Walnut River near Arkansas City, Kans., 1902-3. 

Salt Fork of Arkansas River near Alva, Okla., 1904-5. 

Salt Fork of Arkansas River near Tonkawa, Okla., 1903-1905.

Medicine Lodge River near Kiowa, Kans., 1895-96. 

Cimarron River near Arkalon, Kans., 1895-96; 1903-1905. 

Cimarron River near Kenton, Okla., 1904-5. 

Cimarron River near Garrett, Okla., 1905-1907. 

Cimarron River near Waynoka, Okla., 1903-1905. 

Verdigris River near Independence, Kans., 1904. 

Verdigris River near Liberty, Kans., 1895-1903. 

Verdigris River near Catoosa, Okla., 1903-1905.

Fall River at Fall River, Kans., 1904-5. 

Neosho River near Neosho Rapids, Kans., 1904. 

Neosho River near Tola, Kans., 1895-1903. 

Neosho River near Humboldt, Kans., 1904.

Neosho River (or Grand River) near Fort Gibson, Okla., 1899; 1903-1905. 

Canadian River near Sanchez, N. Mex., 1912-1914. 

Canadian River at Logan, N. Mex., 1904-5; 1908-1914. 

Canadian River at Calvin, Okla., 1905-1908.

Chicorica Creek near Raton, N. Mex., 1910-1914.

Una del Gato Creek near Raton, N. Mex., 1910-1913. 

Cimarron River at Ute Park, N. Mex., 1907-1914. 

Cimarron River at Springer, N. Mex., 1907-1909.

Rayado River near Cimarron, N. Mex., 1911; 1913; 1914. 

Rayado River above Abreu's ranch, near Cimarron, N. Mex., 1911-1914. 

Rayado River at Abreu's ranch, near Cimarron, N. Mex., 1908-9. 

Rayado River below Abreu's ranch, near Cimarron, N. Mex., 1912-13. 

Rayado River near Springer, N. Mex., 1907-1909.

Urraca Creek near Cimarron, N. Mex., 1912-1914. 

East Fork of Ocate River at Ocate, N. Mex., 1914. 

Ocate River at Ocate, N. Mex., 1914.

West Fork of Ocate River at Ocate, N. Mex., 1914. 

Sweetwater Creek near Colmar, N. Mex., 1914. 

Mora River and La Cueva canal at La Cueva, N. Mex., 1903-1911. 

Mora River near Weber, N. Mex., 1903-4. 

Mora River near Watrous, N. Mex., 1894-1896. 

Mora River near Shoemaker, N. Mex., 1914. 

Sapello River at Sapello, N. Mex., 1903-4. 

Sapello Mill tailrace at Sapello, N. Mex., 1903-4. 

Sapello River at Los Alamos, N. Mex., 1903-1911.

Manuelitos River near Sapello, N. Mex., 1903-4. 

Pajarito Creek near Hanley, N. Mex., 1911-1913. 

Pajarito Creek below Vigil Creek, near Hanley, N. Mex., 1912-13. 

Ute Creek near Logan, N. Mex., 1904-1906; 1909-1914. 

Beaver Creek (head of North Fork of Canadian River) at Beaver, Okla., 

. 1904-5.

North Fork of Canadian River near Woodward, Okla., 1903-1906. 

North Fork of Canadian River near El Reno, Okla., 1902-1908. 

North Fork of Canadian River near Oklahoma, Okla., 1899. 

North Fork of Canadian River near Eufaula, Okla., 1899.
XII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

ARKANSAS RIVER CANALS.

Oxford Farmers canal near Nepesta, Colo., 1902-3. 

Colorado-Kansas canal near Prowers, Colo., 1903. 

Keese ditch, near Prowers, Colo., 1903.

YAZOO RIVER BASIN.

Tallahatchie River (head of Yazoo River) at Batesville, Miss., 1906-1912. 

Tallahatchie River at Phillip, Miss., 1908-1913. 

Yazoo River at Greenwood, Miss., 1908-1913. 

Yazoo River at Yazoo City, Miss., 1900-1905.

Coldwater River at Savage, Miss., 1908-1912.

Yalobusha River at Grenada, Miss., 1906; 1908-1912.

Sunflower River near Ruleville, Miss., 1909-1912.

Sunflower River at Baird, Miss., 1908-1912.

HOJIOCHITTO RIVER BASIN.

Homochitto River at Rosetta, Miss., 1906.

RED RIVER BASIN.

Red River at Arthur City, Tex., 1905-1911.

Salt Fork of Red River at Mangum, Okla., 1905-6.

Turkey Creek [Deep Red Run] at Olustee, Okla., 1905-1908. 

North Fork of Red River near Granite, Okla., 1903-1908. 

North Fork of Red River near Snyder, Okla., 1905. 

North Fork of Red River near Headrick, Okla., 1905-1908. 

Elm Fork of Red River near Mangum, Okla., 1905-1908. 

Elk Creek near Hobart, Okla., 1904r-1908. 

Otter Creek near Mountain Park, Okla., 1903-1908. 

Horse Creek near Mountain Park, Okla., 1905-6. 

Dry Fork of Otter Creek near Mountain Park, Okla., 1905-6. 

Cache Creek:

Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla, 1912- 

Evaporation station near Lawton, Okla., 1913- 

Littie Medicine Bluff Creek near Lawton, Okla., 1912- 

Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Tex., 1910-11. 

Washita River at Anadarko, Okla., 1902-1908. 

Washita River near Pauls Valley, Okla., 1899. 

Ouachita River near Malvern, Ark., 1903-1905. 

Ouachita River near Arkadelphia, Ark., 1905-6.
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI

RIVER BASIN.

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, be purchased (at price noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. 

Omission of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Watersupply papers are of octavo size.

*5. Irrigation practice on the Great Plains, by E. B. Cowgill. 1897. 39 pp,, 12 

pis. lOc.

Describes reservoirs for storm and pumped waters, ditching, methods of distributing water, 

cultivation and subirrigation, duty of water, and winter irrigation.

*6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth. 1897. 65 

pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes physiography, drainage, geologic formations and water supply, and irrigation development in Meade, Dodge, and Garden quadrangles, including all of Meade County, nearly all of 

Seward, Haskell, and Gray counties, about one-third of Ford County, and one-fourth of Finney 

County; discusses waters of Dakota sandstone and of the Tertiary formations.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samu<el Fortier. 1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Describes the location and construction of various types of canals for irrigation.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings, 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. A second, revised, edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply 

Paper 149 (q. v.).

74. Water resources of the State of Colorado, by A. L. Fellows. 1902. 151 pp., 14 

pis. 25c.

Discusses under South Platte, Arkansas, Rio Grande, San Juan, Grand, and Green River 

divisions, drainage and irrigation, and gives records of stream flow.

96. Destructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 81 pp., 

13 pis. 15c. 

Contains notes on early floods in Mississippi Valley.

101. Underground waters of southern Louisiana, by G. D. Harris, with discussions of 

their uses for water supplies and for rice irrigation, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 

98 pp., 11 pis. 20c.

Discusses the topography andstratigraphic geology of the area and the origin of the well 

waters, gives statistics of artesian wells, describes methods of well drilling and pumping, and 

treats briefly of rice cultivation.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on springs and wells of Arkansas and Missouri. The reports comprise 

tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, materials penetrated, temperature, use, and qualitymany miscellaneous analyses.

95189° 19 WSP 457 4 xm
XIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

105. The water powers of Texas, by T. U. Taylor. 1904. 116 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Gives a resume1 of the available data regarding water powers and briefly describes the principal streams, including Red and Canadian rivers.

*107. Water powers of Alabama, with an appendix on stream measurements in Mississippi, by B. M. Hall. 1904. 253 pp., 9 pis. 20c.

Appendix contains gage heights, rating tables, estimates of monthly discharge of Yazoo River.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains a "Summary of the water supply of the Ozark region in northern Arkansas, by 

George I. Adams"; describes the drainage and some of the immense springs of the area, many 

of which have been developed as resorts.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c. 

Contains brief reports as follows: 

Mississippi, by L. C. Johnson. 

Louisiana and southern Arkansas, by A. C. Veatch. 

Northern Arkansas, by A. H. Purdue.

Each of these reports discusses the geologic formation as related to water supply, treats particularly of the mineral waters, and gives a list of the principal publications.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains five short reports relating to areas draining to the lower Mississippi River:

Water resources of the Jopltn district, Missouri-Kansas, by W. S. Tangier Smith. Describes 

topography, geology, streams, springs, and wells; gives analyses of waters.

Water resources of the Winslow quadrangle, Arkansas, by A. H. Purdue. Area includes a 

few square miles of Oklahoma, discusses water-bearing formations, and the quality of spring 

and well waters.

Notes on certain hot springs of the southern United States, by Walter Harvey Weed. Gives 

an account of the history, topography, geology, flow, temperature, and composition of the Hot 

Springs of Arkansas, including many analyses.

Notes on certain large springs of the Ozark region, Missouri and Arkansas, complied by Myron 

L. Fuller. Treats briefly of the conditions under which the springs emerge, and of their 

flow, temperature, and quality.

Water resources of the contact region between the Paleozoic and Mississippi embayment 

deposits in northern Arkansas, by A. H. Purdue. Describes geology and water resources of a 

belt 12 to 15 miles wide extending along the western edge of the Mississippi embayment deposits 

from Arkansas River northward to the Missouri line. Considers source of water, amount, 

chemical character and use of water, prospects for flowing wells, etc.

147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 

1905. 206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Describes floods on Kansas, Neosho, Verdigris, Osage, Arkansas, Canadian, and Purgatory 

rivers, discussing the streams, precipitation, damages, prevention of future damages, etc.

*148. Geology and water resources of Oklahoma, by C. N. Gould. 1905. 178 pp., 

22 pis. 20c.

Describes topography, geology, climate, streams, springs, deep wells (water and oil and 

gas,) and artesian water, and discusses the water supply by counties; treats of irrigation from 

reservoirs, springs, and wells; gives analyses of well waters and table of well records.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States (second edition, with additions), by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), location, depth, diameter, yield, height, 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications 

relating to deep borings.

*153. The underflow in Arkansas Valley in western Kansas, by C. S. Slichter. 1906. 

90 pp., 3 pis. 15c.

Discusses origin and extent of the underflow, fluctuations of ground-water level, the chemical 

composition of the waters (including analyses); gives results of measurements at various points 

and summaries and details of pumping tests.
PUBLICATIONS. XV

*154. The geology and water resources of the eastern portion of the Panhandle of 

Texas, by G. N. Gould. 1906. 64 pp., 15 pis. lOc.

Discusses topography, geology, streams, springs, ground waters, and irrigation; gives details 

by counties.

159. Summary of the underground-water resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Grider and 

L. C. Johnson. 1906. 86 pp., 6 pis. 20c.

Describes geography, topography, and general geology of the State; discusses the source, 

depth of penetration, rate of percolation, and recovery of underground waters, artesian requisites, and special conditions in the Coastal Plain formations; gives notes on wells by counties, deep-well records, and selected records in detail; treats of sanitary aspect of wells and 

gives analyses.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104pp., Ipl.

Contains brief report entitled "Drainage of wet lands in Arkansas by wells," by A. F. Crider.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. G. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Gives account of flood on Purgatory River, Colorado, and estimates of flood flow and discharge of Arkansas River at Pueblo, Colo.; contains also index to literature on flood flow in 

American streams.

*164. Underground waters of Tennessee and Kentucky west of Tennessee Biver and of 

an adjacent area in Illinois, by L. C. Glenn. 1906. 173 pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes physical features, static level, and uses of waters, artesian conditions, source and 

properties of underground water; discusses topography, geology, and water resources by counties; gives logs of wells, analyses of waters, and bibliography of most important reports.

*191. The geology and water resources of the western portion of the Panhandle of 

Texas, by C. N. Gould. 1907. 70 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Describes the topography and general geology of the area, the deep-seated waters, springs, and 

streams, and the use of the waters for irrigation; discusses details of topography, geology, and 

water supply by counties.

*195. Underground waters of Missouri, their geology and utilization, by E. M. Shepard, 

1907. 224pp., 6 pis. 30c.

Describes the topography and geology of the State, the waters of the various formations, and 

discusses the water supplies by districts and counties; gives statistics of city water supplies, 

analyses of water, and many well records.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by B. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Mississippi, 

Arkansas, and Red rivers.

273. Quality of the water supplies of Kansas, by H. N. Parker, with a preliminary 

report on stream pollution by mine waters in southeastern Kansas, by E. H. S. 

Bailey. 1911. 375 pp., 1 pi. 30c.

Describes the topographic and geologic features of the State and the artesian basins; discusses 

the significance of mineral constituents and classification of waters; gives details concerning 

quality oi underground water by counties and surface water by drainage basins.

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Bio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power oi waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation; gives 

results of analyses of samples of water from Sapello River, Salt, North, and Elm forks of Red 

River, and Turkey Creek.
XVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

*276. Geology and underground waters of northeastern Texas, by C. H. Gordon. 1911. 

78pp., 2 pis. lOc.

Describes geography, physiography, and geology of area comprising Bowie, Red River, Lamar, 

Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Morris, Camp, and Cass counties; discusses the source and 

availability of underground waters, artesian waters,of the various formations, and reviews the 

geographic relations, geology, and water resources by counties.

*317. Geology and underground waters of the Wichita region, north-central Texas, by 

C. H. Gordon. 1913. 88 pp., 2 pis. lOc.

Describes the physiography, climate, surface and deep waters of an area in Montague, Clay, 

Wichita, Wilbarger, Hardeman, Foard, Knox, Baylor, Archer, Jack, Young, Throckmorton, 

and Haskell counties; gives details by counties.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. 0. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c.

(a) Preliminary report on ground water for irrigation in the vicinity of Wichita, Kans., by 

Q. E. Meinzer, pp 1-9

(6) Ground water for irrigation in the vicinity of Enid, Okla., by A. T. Schwennesen, pp. 

11-23, pi. 1.

(d) Ground water for irrigation in the valley of North Fork of Canadian River near Oklahoma 

City, Okla., by A. T. Schwennessen, pp. 41-51.

399. Geology and ground waters of northeastern Arkansas, by L. W. Stephenson and 

A. F. Orider, with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters by 

R. B. Dole. 1916. 315 pp., 11 pis. 35c.

Describes the physiography of Arkansas, the character and distribution of the geologic formations, the streams, lakes, ponds, and swamps, the source, disposal, quantity, and distribution 

of the ground waters and their economic uses; gives details by counties; discusses, under chemical character of the waters, standards of classification, methods of purification, and the quality 

of surface and ground water; contains bibliography and gives many geologic sections and analyses 

of waters.

421. Profile surveys in 1915 along the Bio Grande, Pecos Elver, and Mora River, 

N. Mex., prepared under the direction of W. H. Herron, acting chief geographer. 1916. 11 pp., 11 pis. 15c.

Gives the results of surveys made to determine the location of undeveloped water power on 

some of the rivers of the United States that are adapted to the development of power by low 

or medium heads of 20 to 100 feet.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-89, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1890. 2 parts. *Pt. II. Irrigation, viii, 123 pp. 35c.

Makes a preliminary report on the organization and prosecution of the survey ol the arid lands 

for purposes of irrigation; includes an account of the methods of topographic and hydraulic 

work, the segregation work on reservoir sites and irrigable lands, field and office methods, and 

brief descriptions of the topography ot some of the river basins.

Eleventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1889-90, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II. Irrigation, xiv, 395 pp., 30 pis. 

and maps. $1.25. Contains:

*Hydrography, pp. 1-110. Discusses scope of work, methods of stream measurement, rainfall 

and evaporation, and describes the more important streams.

*Engineering, pp. 111-200. Gives an account of the surveys in the Arkansas division.

*The arid lands, pp. 201-289. Includes a report on artesian irrigation on the Great Plains, 

a discussion of the general considerations affecting artesian water supply, the economic limit to 

the utilization of artesian water for irrigation, irrigation by artesian wells in various countries, 

and the geologic conditions and statistics of artesian wells on the Great Plains.

^Topography, pp. 291-343. Comprises reports of the topographic surveys in Colorado and 

New Mexico, and on reservoir sites.
PUBLICATIONS.

Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II. Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2.00. 

Contains:

*Report upon the location and survey of reservoir sites during the fiscal year ended June 30, 

1891, by A. H. Thompson, pp. 1-212, pis. 54-57. Describes reservoir sites in Chaffee, Custer, 

Fremont, Park, El Paso, Pueblo, Hueriano, Las Animas, Bent, Otero, Baca, Kiowa, and 

Lake counties, Colo.

Hydrography of the arid regions, by F. H. Newell, pp. 213-361, pis. 58-106. Discusses the 

available water supply of the arid regions, the duty of water, flood waters, relation of rainfall 

to river flow, classifies the drainage basins, and describes the rivers of the Arkansas River 

basin.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt III. Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*Engineering results of irrigation survey, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 351-427, pis. 147-182. 

Describes work at Twin Lakes reservoir and Twin Lakes dam, Colorado.

*Report upon the construction of topographic maps and the selection and survey of reservoir 

sites in the hydrographic basin of Arkansas River, Colo., by A. H. Thompson, pp. 429-444.

Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-95, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1896. (Pts. II, III, and IV, 1895.) 4 parts. *Pt. II. 

Papers of an economic character, xix, 598 pp., 43 pis. $1.25. Contains:

The public lands and their water supply, by F. H. Newell, pp. 457-^533, pis. 45-39. Describes 

general character of the public lands, the lands disposed of (railroad, grant, and swamp lands 

and private miscellaneous entries), lands reserved (Indian, forest, and military reservations), 

the vacant lands, and the rate of disposal of vacant lands; discusses the streams, wells, and 

reservoirs as sources of water supply; gives details for each State.

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1896. 3 parts in 4 vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. $2.35. Contains:

The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado, by G. K. Gilbert, pp. 

551-601, pis. 56-68. Describes the geology and topography of the district, the general conditions under which artesian water occurs, the gathering grounds, capacity, distribution, and 

quality of the water of the Dakota sandstone, the water of the upland sands, the terraces, and 

the dune sands, and the underflow of rivers and creeks.

Twenty-first Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1899-1900, 

Charles D. Walcott, Director. 1900. (Pts. Ill, IV, VI, VI continued, and 

VII, 1901.) 7 parts in 8 vols. and separate case for maps with Pt. V. Pt. 

IV, Hydrography, 768 pp., 156 pis. $2.35. Contains:

" *The High Plains and their utilization, by W. D. Johnson, pp. 601-741, pis. 113-156. Describes the area situated in an irregular belt lying about midway across the long eastward slope 

of the Great Plains and including parts of Wyoming, Colorado, and Nebraska (North and South 

Platte, Platte, Republican, and Smokey Hill River basins), Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, 

Oklahoma, and Texas (Arkansas River basin), and Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas (Rio 

Grande basin); discusses the origin and structure of the High Plains, the precipitation, temperature, and other factors of climate, experiments with irrigation, and the use of mountain streams, 

local storm-water storage, and artesian waters. Concluded in the Twenty-second Annual 

Report, Pt. IV, pp. 631-669, pis. 51-65. ($2.20.)

*Pt. VII, Texas, 666 pp., 71 pis. $1.90. Consists of:

Geography and geology of the Black and Granite prairies, Texas, with detailed descriptions 

of the Cretaceous formations and special reference to artesian waters, by Robert T. Hill. Describes an area in Texas and southern Indian [Oklahoma] Territory, comprising about 50,000 

square miles; describes relief, drainage, and soils; gives a resume1 of principles governing underground water; describes the artesian well systems of Texas and gives details of artesian conditions in Black and Grand prairies by counties; treats briefly of the chemical qualities of the 

artesian waters and gives analyses.

Twenty-second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901, 

Charles D. Walcott, Director. 1901. (Parts III and IV, 1902.) 4 parts.

*Pt. IV, Hydrography, 690 pp., 65 pis. Contains:

*The High Plains and their utilization (conclusion of paper in Twenty-first Ann. Kept., pt. 

4), by W. D. Johnson, pp. 631-669, pis. 51-65.
XVIH SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Bulletins are of octavo size.

238. Economic geology of the lola quadrangle, Kans., by G. I. Adams, Erasmus 

Haworth, and W. R. Crane. 1904. 83 pp., 11 pis. 

Contains (pp. 75-77) a brief discussion of the water supply.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas; 

and detailed records of wells in Otero County, Colo.; Greenwood, Montgomery, and Neosho 

counties, Kans., and St. Louis County, Mo. These wells were selected because they give definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, 

New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas; and detailed records of wells in Hempstead 

County, [Ark.; Fremont and Pueblo counties, Colo.; Alien, Chase, Coffee, and McPherson 

counties, Kans.; Panola County, Miss.; Nowata, Washington, Tulsa, Murray, Okmulgee, and 

Pawnee counties, Okla., and Clay and Roberts counties, Tex. The wells of which detailed 

sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Professional papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an asterisk may, however, be purchased^ rom the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professional papers 

are of quarto size.

*32. Preliminary report on the geology and underground-water resources of the 

central Great Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 433 pp., 72 pis. $1.80.

Describes altitudes and slopes, climate, drainage, stratigraphic structure, historical geology, 

and the water horizons; discusses deep wells and prospects (by counties and towns) in South 

Dakota, Nebraska, central and western Kansas, eastern Colorado., and eastern Wyoming; discusses also the occurrence of coal, petroleum, and natural gas, salt, gypsum, gold, iron ore, and 

other minerals.

*46. Geology and underground-water resources of northern Louisiana and southern 

Arkansas, by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 422 pp., 51 pis. $1.50.

Describes the historical geology and topographic development of a portion of the Coastal Plain; 

discusses the fundamental principles governing underground waters and their application to 

this region; contains account of methods and costs of well making, gives well predictions and a 

short discussion of the underground conditions in each county, and data in regard to wells 

arranged in tables by counties, followed by notes giving sections, analyses of waters, etc.; contains also a dictionary of altitudes, arranged by counties.

*52. Geology and underground waters of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado, 

by N. H. Darton. 1906. 90 pp., 28 pis.

Describes the stratigraphic, structural, and historical geology of the Arkansas Valley and the 

relation of the geologic formations to the underground waters; discusses the source, depths, 

areas of flow, head, quantity, and quality of the waters of the "Dakota" sandstone, and the 

waters of the "Red Beds" and Morrison formations, the Laramie and associated formations, the 

later Tertiary deposits, and the dune sands. "An extension of the preliminary examination 

of the region by G. K. Gilbert in 1894 and 1895." See Seventeenth Annual Report, part 2,1896, 

pp. 551-601.
PUBLICATIONS. XIX 

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians and 

parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completeted they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and 

valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The arealgeology map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structuralgeology map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The 

economic-geology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. The artesian-water map shows the depth to underground-water 

horizons. Economic-geology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the 

conditions in the areas mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special 

interest to students of geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the develppment and utilization of mineral resources.

The folios numbered from 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 

22 inches), called the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher 

than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in 

the Geological Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or 

less damaged by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They 

will be sold at the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale 

orders. This rate applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), 

also to the library edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185,187, and higher 

numbers sells for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually 

large amount of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of folio 185 and higher 

numbers sells for 50 cents a copy, except folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a copy. A 

discount of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic maps amounting to |5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios in 

the following list contain alno brief discussions of the underground waters in connection 

with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the 

utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted. 

36. Pueblo, Colorado. 5c.

*58. Elmoro, Colorado. 5c. 

68. Walsenburg, Colorado. 5c.

*71. Spanish Peaks, Colorado. 5c.

122. Tahlequah, Oklahoma-Arkansas. 5c.

*132. Muskogee, Oklahoma. 5c.

*135. Nepesta, Colorado. 5c. 

148. Joplin district, Missouri-Kansas. (Reprinted in 1914.) 50c.

*154. Winslow, Arkansas-Oklahoma (Ind. T.). 5c.

*159. Independence, Kans. 5c.

i Index maps showing areas in the lower Mississippi River basin covered by topographic maps and by 

geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
XX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

186. Apishapa, Colorado. 1 

198. Castle Bock, Colorado. 25c.

202. Eureka Springs-Harrisorr, Arkansas. 25c.

203. Colorado Springs, Colorado. 25c.

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus, State and other organizations have from 

time to time published reports relating to water resources of various 

sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining to the 

lower Mississippi River drainage basin are the reports of the State 

geologists of Kansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Texas, the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, the Chief of Engineers, 

United States Army, the Mississippi River Commission, and the 

Tenth Census, volume 17. The following reports deserve special 

mention:

Special report on well waters in Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth, State geologist: 

Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey Bull. 1, 1913.

Report of the Board of irrigation survey and experiment for 1895 and 1896 to the 

Legislature of Kansas, 1897.

Report on the underground waters of Louisiana, by G. D. Harris, A. C. Veatch, 

and others: Louisiana Geol. Survey Bull. 1, 1905.

Geology and underground water resources of northern Louisiana, with notes on 

adjoining districts, by A. C. Veatch: Louisiana Geol. Suevey Bull. 4, 1906.

Report on water purification investigation and on plans proposed for sewerage waterworks systems: New Orleans Sewerage and Water Board, 1903.

Water powers of Arkansas: A preliminary report on White River and some of its 

tributaries, by W. N. Gladson. 1911.

Preliminary report upon the drainage of lands overflowed by the North and Middle 

forks of Forked Deer River and Rutherford Fork of Obion River in Gibson County, 

Tenn., by A. E. Morgan and S. H. McCrory: Tennessee Geol. Survey Bull. 3-B, 1910.

The delta of the Mississippi: the physics of the river, the control of its floods, and 

the redemption of the alluvion, by Col. Caleb G. Forshey, Cambridge, 1873.

Report upon the physics and hydraulics of the Mississippi River, by A. A. Humphreys and H. L. Abbot: Prof. Papers Corps Top. Eng. U. S. Army, No. 4, 1861.

GEOLOGICAL ST7RVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by 

drainage basins and covering a wide range of bydrologic investigations. 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United

States.

1 Issued in two editions library (18 by 22 inches), 5c. and octavo (6 by 9 inches), 50c. Specify edition 

desired.
PUBLICATIONS. XXI

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity 

of Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. ', 

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. 0. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, compares wheels of several types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives r&umd of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and 

describes American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications 

relating to sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill: its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis. 5c.

*42. The windmill: its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp. (73-147), 2 pis. (15-16.) lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.

64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream 

flow and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also 

experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged, 

edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of ground waters; permeability of rocks and porosity 

of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of ground water; surface and deep zones of flow, and 

recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and position 

of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing wells; describes artesian 

wells at Savannah, Ga.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. 0. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904- 

361 pp. 25c. [Requests for this report should be addressed to the U. S. 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest: 

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Eoss. 

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien. 

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs. 

Correct; design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner. 

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. Lippincott. 

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas H. Means.
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by 

E. C. Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. See also No, 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy.

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. . 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes 

the manufacture of strawboard and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the 

waste. The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region 

about Marion, Ind., the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States: M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on "Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, eseential conditions of artesian 

flows, and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. -55 pp. 5c 

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislation acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Eio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave Kiver valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y.; gives results 

of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 5c. 

Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIII

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Eobert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan. 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller. 

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c. [Requests for this report should be addressed to the U. S. 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by title) of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basisn of streams gaged, by E. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records offlow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast'

147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others, 

1905. 206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 pps. 

38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States. 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

N. Y., by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, irrigation, dams, changes in ground-water developments, and to indeterminate causes.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104 

pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller.

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller..

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller.

Use of fluoresceinin the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole.

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman.

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179, Prevention of stream pollution by distilleuy refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by E. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp., 

2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, by C.-E. A. Winslow and 

E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewage and tendencies in 

 sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character of 

crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage-purification processes, recovery of copperas from 

acid-iron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

E. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 1906. 

29 pp., 2 pis.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amount and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by 

E. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading 

to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS. XXV

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by 

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Ren6 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvements of the French department of agriculture, 

' and gives r&ume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58pp., 17 pis. 15c. 

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination 

wells and cisterns.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of 

ground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and 

the machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well 

waters and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of 

sinking wells.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson. 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 

8 pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water and municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis. 20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the 

causes of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 

7 pis. 15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Groverz chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

*(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65.
XXVI SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PAKE VII.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the 

United States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot 

springs in Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine 

waters from Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, 

Nevada and Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage well 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181pp., 9 pis. 15c. Contains:

*(e) The relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. 

Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method of correcting river discharge for a changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(/) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of stream flow, by 

C. H. Pierce, pp. 131-139.

Three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch in 

December, 1914.

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1917. 108 pp., 7 pis. Contains:

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8. 

(e) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by Raymond C. Pierce, pp. 39-51. 

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur 

J. Ellis. 1917. 59 pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod for 

locating underground water.

425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1917. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1918. Contains:

(c) Hydraulic conversion tables and convenient equivalents, pp. 71-94.

ANNTTAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlain, pp. 125- 

173, pi. 21. Scope indicated by title.

Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 363-561, pis. 107-146. See Water-Supply Paper 87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. 111-146. Discusses the 

economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives brief history 

of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho-California, Wyoming, and Arizona; discusses 

water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of supply, 

pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597, pp. 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1-47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral-springs resorts; contains also some analyses.
PUBLICATIONS. XXVII

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate cases for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II, Papers chiefly of a theoretic 

nature, v. 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

6-16. Discusses the amount of waters stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous media, and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of nitration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pi. 

17. Scope indicated by title.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate, population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Calif., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream's slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the de'bris."

A highly technical report.

105. Hydraulic mining de'bris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular study 

be made of portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys affected by detritus from torrentialstreams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of the subject, 

traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining of earlier decades, the similar 

effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the erosion of the soil, and 

the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggesscooperationby several interests for the control of the streams now carrying heavy loads of de'bris.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 3886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of available analyses.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller, 

1908. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors of 

artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting 

values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica in 

river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

A=Annual Reports; M=Monograph; B=Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W= Water-supply Paper;

GF= Geologic folio.]

Arkansas: Quality of waters, etc...................... W 102,145,236,399; G F 154

Surface waters..................................................... G F 202

Underground waters................................................... W 57,

102,110,114,145,149,160,399; P 46; G F 122,154,202 

Artesian waters: Essential conditions......................... A 5; B 319; W 67,114

Bibliographies *. ............................................ W 119,120,163,416

Chemical analyses 2 ................................... W 151,236,274,364; B 479

Colorado: Quality of waters............................... W236,274; GF135,203

Surface waters. ...................................... W 74,147,162; G F 203

Underground waters................................................. A 16, ii;

17, ii; 21, iv; 22, iv; P 32, 52; W 57,149; G F 36,58,68,71,135,186,198,203 

Conservation........................................................ W 234,400a

Conversion tables.......................................................... 425c

Debris reports......................................................... P 86,105

Denudation.............................................................. P 72

Divining rod............................................................. W 416

Engineering methods................. P 86; W 1, 3,8,20,41,42,43, 56, 64,93,94, 95,

110,143,146,150,180,187,200,257,337,345e, 371,375c, e, and/; 400c and d; 425c 

Floods........................................................ W 96,147,162,334

Ice measurements................................................. W 146,187,337

Irrigation, general..... A10,ii; 11, ii; 12, ii; 13,iii; 16, ii; W 20,22,41,42,87,93,146

Kansas: Quality of waters............................ B 238; W 153,273; G F 148

Surface waters......................................... B 238; W 96,147,273

Underground waters................................................. A 16, ii;

 21, iv; 22, iv; B 238; P 32; W 6,57,145,149,153,273,345a; G F 148,159 

Kentucky: Quality of waters............................................. W 164

Underground waters.............................. W 57,102,110,114,149,164

Legal aspects: Surface waters...................................... W 103,152,238

Underground waters................................................. W 122

Louisiana: Quality of waters........................................... W 101,236

Underground Waters.................................. W 57,101,114,149; P 46

Mineral springs: Analyses......................................... A 14, ii; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc............................................. A 14, ii

Lists.......................................................... B 32; W 114

Mississippi: Quality of waters............................................. W 159

Surface waters........................................................ W 107

Underground waters. ................................. W 57,102,114,149,159

Missouri: Quality of waters, etc................................... W 195; G P 148

Surface waters...............................................W 162; G F 148

Underground waters................... W 57,102,110,114,145,149,195; G P 148

i Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

* Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

95189° 19 WSP 457- 5 xxix
XXX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART VII.

Motions of ground waters....................... A 19, ii; B 319; W 67,110,140,155

New Mexico: Quality of waters............................................ W 274

River profiles......................................................... W 421

Surface waters.................................................... W 147,162

Underground waters................................ A21,iv; 22,iv; W 61,149

Oklahoma [Indian Territory]: Quality of waters...... A 21, vii; W 148,274; G F 154

Surface waters........................................... W 147,148; G F 132

Underground waters.. A 21, vii; W 57,61,148,149,3456 and d; G F 122,132,154

Pollution: By industrial wastes........................... W 179,186,189,226,235

By sewage........................................................ W 72,194

Laws forbidding................................................. W 103,152

Indices of........................................................ W 144,160

Sanitation; quality of water; pollution; sewage irrigation.................... W 3,

22, 72,103,110,113,114,144,145,152,160,,179, 

185,186,189,194,226,229, 235, 236, 255, 258,315

Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3, 22, 72,113,185,194,229

Tennessee: Quality of waters......................................... W 164, 236

Underground waters.................................... W 61,102,114,149,164

Texas: Quality of waters.................................... A 21, vii; W 276, 317

Surface waters............................................ W 105,154,162,191

Underground waters............ A 21, iv; 21, vii; 22, iv; W 61,149,154,191,276,317

Underground waters: Legal aspects......................................... W 122

Methods of utilization......................................... W 114, 255,257

Pollution................................................. W 110,145,160,258

Windmill papers.................................................. W 8,20,41,42
INDEX OF STKEAMS.

Arkansas River, Colo.-Kans. .....

Arkansas River canals, Colo. ..!...

Arkansas River, East Fork, Colo..

Arkansas River, Lake Fork, Colo..

Arkansas River, Salt Fork, Okla...

Arkansas River, South Fork, Colo.

Arkansas River, Tennessee Fork, 

Colo............................

Beaver Creek, Okla........... 1...

Beaver Creek, Little, Colo.........

Beaver Creek, West, Colo..........

Big Sandy Creek, Colo............

Big Spring Creek, Colo............

Black River, Mo..................

Boehmer Creek, Colo. ............

Buffalo River, Ark...............

Oabin Creek, Colo.................

Cache Creek, Okla................

Canadian River, N. Mex.-Okla....

Canadian River, North Fork, Okla.

Ohalk Creek, Colo.................

Ohicorica Creek, N. Mex....... T ...

Oimarron River (tributary to Arkansas River), Kans.-Okla.

Oimarron River (tributary to Canadian River), N. Mex...........

Clear Creek, Colo.................

Ooldwater River, Miss............

Colorado-Kansas canal, Colo.......

Cottonwood Creek, Colo..........

Cottonwood Creek, North, Colo j ..

Cottonwood Creek, South Fork, 

Colo............................

Courtois Creek, Mo. ........... r ..

Cucharas River, Colo.............

Deep Red Run. See Turkey Creek.

Dry Fork of Otter Creek, Okla....

East Fork. See name of main 

stream.

Eleven Point River, Mo...........

Elk Creek, Okla...................

Elm Fork of Red River, Okla....

Evaporation station, Okla. .: ......

Fall River, Kans. ................

Fountain Creek, Colo.............

Fourmile Creek. See Oil Creek J

ix-x 

xn

IX

x

XI 

X

X

XI 

X

X 

X, XI

XI

IX

X

IX

X

XII 

XI 

XI

X

XI

XI

XI 

X

XII

XII

X

X

X

IX

X

IX 

XII 

XII 

XII

XI 

X

Page.

Grand River. See Neosho River.

Grape Creek, Colo................ x

Greer Spring, Mo.................. ix

Half Moon Creek, Colo............ x

Homochitto River, Miss........... xn

Horse Creek, Okla................ xn

Huerfano River, Colo.............. x

Keese ditch, Colo.................. xn

La Cueva canal, N. Mex.......... xi

Lake Creek, Colo.................. x

Lake Fork of Arkansas River,

Colo............................ x

Lion Creek, Colo................. x

Little Beaver Creek, Colo......... x

Little Medicine Bluff Creek, Okla. xn

Little Red River, Ark............. ix

Manuelites River, N. Mex........ xi

Medicine Bluff Creek, Okla........ xn

Medicine Bluff Creek, Little,

Okla.......................... xn

Medicine Lodge Riyer, Kans... ^. xi

Meramec River, Mo.............. ix

Meramec River, Dry Fork, Mo..... ix

Meramec Spring, Mo............... ix

Mora River, N. Mex.............. xi

Neosho River, Kans.-Okla......... xi

North Cottonwood Creek, Colo.... x

North Fork River, Ark........... ix

North Fork. See name of main

stream.

Ocate River, N. Mex............. xi

Ocate River, East Fork, N. Mex... xi

Ocate River, West Fork, N. Mex.. xi

Oil Creek, Colo.................... x

Otter Creek, Okla................ xn

Otter Creek, Dry Fork, Okla..... xii

Ouachita River, Ark.............. xii

Oxford Farmers canal, Colo........ xii

Pajarito Creek, N. Mex........... xi

Poncha Creek, Colo................ x

Purgatory River, Colo............. x

Rayado River, N. Mex........... xi

Red River, Tex.................. xii

Red River, Elm Fork, Okla....... xn

Red River, Little, Ark........... ix

XXXI
xxxn INDEX OF STREAMS.

Red River, North Fork, Okla.... xn

Red River, Salt Fork, Okla...... xn

Ruxton Creek, South, Colo....... x

Sackett Creek, Colo............... x

Salt Fork of Arkansas River,

Okla.......................... xi

Salt Fork of Red River, Okla..... xn

Sandy Creek, Big, Colo.......... x, xi

Sapello Mill tailrace, N. Mex...... xi

Sapello River, N. Mex............ xi

Sheep Creek, Colo............... x

South Fork. See name of main

stream. 

South Ruxton Creek, Colo......... x

Spring Branch, Mo............... ix

Sunflower River, Miss............. xn

Sweetwater Creek, N. Mex......... xi

Tallahatchie River, Miss........... xn

Tennessee Fork of Arkansas River, 

Colo............................ x

Turkey Creek [Deep Red Run], 

Okla.......................... xn

Twin Lakes outlet, Colo.......... x

Una del Gato Creek, N. Mex....... xi

Urraca Creek, N. Mex............. xi

Ute Creek, N. Mex................ xi

Verdigris River, Kans.-Okla....... xi

Walnut River, Kans............... xi

Washita River, Okla............... xn

West Beaver Creek, Colo.......... x

West Fork. See name of main

stream. 

White River, Ark.-Mo............ ix

Wichita River, Tex............... xn*

Yalobusha River, Miss............ xn

Yazoo River, Miss................. xn

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