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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 7339 Engrossed in House (EH)]

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118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 7339

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 AN ACT

 
To make revisions in title 51, United States Code, as necessary to keep 
  the title current, and to make technical amendments to improve the 
                          United States Code.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Table of contents.
Sec. 2. Purposes; restatement does not change meaning or effect of 
                            existing law.
Sec. 3. Revision of title 51, United States Code.
Sec. 4. Technical amendments.
Sec. 5. Transitional and savings provisions.
Sec. 6. Repeals.

SEC. 2. PURPOSES; RESTATEMENT DOES NOT CHANGE MEANING OR EFFECT OF 
              EXISTING LAW.

    (a) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
            (1) to make revisions in title 51, United States Code, as 
        necessary to keep the title current; and
            (2) to make technical amendments to improve the United 
        States Code.
    (b) Restatement Does Not Change Meaning or Effect of Existing 
Law.--
            (1) In general.--The restatement of existing law enacted by 
        this Act does not change the meaning or effect of the existing 
        law. The restatement incorporates in title 51, United States 
        Code, various provisions that were enacted separately over a 
        period of years, reorganizing them, conforming style and 
        terminology, modernizing obsolete language, and correcting 
        drafting errors. These changes serve to remove ambiguities, 
        contradictions, and other imperfections, but they do not change 
        the meaning or effect of the existing law or impair the 
        precedential value of earlier judicial decisions or other 
        interpretations.
            (2) Rule of construction.--
                    (A) In general.--Notwithstanding the plain meaning 
                rule or other rules of statutory construction, a change 
                in wording made in the restatement of existing law 
                enacted by this Act serves to clarify the existing law 
                as indicated in paragraph (1), but not to change the 
                meaning or effect of the existing law.
                    (B) Revision notes.--Subparagraph (A) applies 
                whether or not a change in wording is explained by a 
                revision note appearing in a congressional report 
                accompanying this Act. If such a revision note does 
                appear, a court shall consider the revision note in 
                interpreting the change.

SEC. 3. REVISION OF TITLE 51, UNITED STATES CODE.

    (a) Revision of Title Table of Contents.--The title table of 
contents of title 51, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking the item relating to chapter 301 and 
        inserting the following:

``301. Funding..............................................   30101'';
            (2) by striking the item relating to chapter 315 and 
        inserting the following:

``315. Facilities and Infrastructure........................     31501 
``317 Through 397...........................................  Reserved 
``399. Miscellaneous........................................   39901'';
            (3) by striking the item relating to chapter 409 and 
        inserting the following:

``409. Aeronautics and Space Technology.....................     40901 
``411 Through 497...........................................  Reserved 
``499. Miscellaneous........................................   49901'';
            (4) by striking the items relating to chapters 513 and 515 
        and inserting the following:

``513. Space Resource Commercial Exploration and Utilization     51301 
``515. Office of Spaceports.................................     51501 
``517. Development and Use of Commercial Cargo and Crew        51701'';
                            Transportation Capabilities.
            (5) by striking the item relating to chapter 701 and 
        inserting the following:

``701. Use of Space Launch System or Alternatives...........   70101'';
        and
            (6) by inserting after the item relating to chapter 713 the 
        following:

``715. Human Space Flight and Exploration...................     71501 
``717. Advancing Human Space Exploration....................   71701''.
    (b) Revision of Section 20144.--
            (1) Amendments.--Section 20144 of title 51, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``The 
                Administration may carry out a program to award prizes 
                only in conformity with this section.''; and
                    (B) in subsection (i)(4), by striking ``Committee 
                on Science and Technology'' and inserting ``Committee 
                on Science, Space, and Technology''.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1)(A) 
        is effective on January 4, 2011.
    (c) Revision of Section 20145.--Section 20145 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (f) through (h) as 
        subsections (g) through (i), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Proceeds.--Proceeds from leases entered into under this 
section shall be deposited in the Administration Construction and 
Environmental Compliance and Restoration appropriations account. The 
proceeds shall be available for a period of 5 years, to the extent and 
in amounts provided in appropriations acts.''; and
            (3) in subsection (h) (as redesignated by paragraph (1)), 
        in the matter before paragraph (1), by striking ``the date of 
        the enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Authorization Act of 2022,'' and inserting 
        ``August 9, 2022,''.
    (d) Revision of Section 20303.--Section 20303 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by striking ``(42 U.S.C. 16611(d))'' 
        and inserting ``(Public Law 109-155, 119 Stat. 2900)'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Evaluation and Expansion of Interagency Contribution.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall evaluate and, to 
        the extent possible--
                    ``(A) expand efforts to maximize the 
                Administration's contribution to interagency efforts to 
                enhance science, technology, engineering, and 
                mathematics education capabilities; and
                    ``(B) enhance the Nation's technological excellence 
                and global competitiveness.
            ``(2) Identification in report.--The Administrator shall 
        identify the expanded efforts and enhancements made under 
        paragraph (1) in the annual reports required by subsection 
        (e).''.
    (e) Revision of Chapter 301.--
            (1) Chapter heading.--The chapter heading of chapter 301 of 
        title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking 
        ``APPROPRIATIONS, BUDGETS, AND ACCOUNTING'' and inserting 
        ``FUNDING''.
            (2) Chapter table of contents.--
                    (A) Contents.--The chapter table of contents of 
                chapter 301 of title 51, United States Code is amended 
                to read as follows:
``SUBCHAPTER I--GENERAL PROVISIONS
``Sec.
``30101. Prior authorization of appropriations required.
``30102. Working capital fund.
``30103. Baselines and cost controls.
``30104. Reports on estimated costs for certain programs.
``30105. Annual report on program cost and control.

``SUBCHAPTER II--BUDGET PROVISIONS
``30121. General budget documentation requirements.
``30122. Consideration of decadal surveys.
``30123. Two-year budget request with third-year estimate.''.
                    (B) Typeface.--The chapter table of contents of 
                chapter 301 of title 51, United States Code, as amended 
                by subparagraph (A), is amended so that the typeface of 
                the subchapter headings and the typeface of the 
                subchapter items conform to those appearing in other 
                chapter table of contents of title 51.
            (3) Redesignation of existing sections.--Chapter 301 of 
        title 51, United States Code, is amended as follows:
                    (A) Section 30103 (Budgets) is redesignated as 
                section 30121, and transferred to appear after section 
                30104 (Baselines and cost controls).
                    (B) Section 30104 (Baselines and cost controls) is 
                redesignated as section 30103.
            (4) Designation of subchapters.--Chapter 301 of title 51, 
        United States Code, is amended by--
                    (A) inserting a subchapter heading (in typeface 
                styled like other subchapter headings in title 51) 
                before section 30101 as follows: ``SUBCHAPTER I--
                GENERAL PROVISIONS''; and
                    (B) inserting a subchapter heading (in typeface 
                styled like other subchapter headings in title 51) 
                before section 30121 (as redesignated and transferred 
                by paragraph (3)(A)) as follows: ``SUBCHAPTER II--
                BUDGET PROVISIONS''.
            (5) Revision of section 30103.--Section 30103 (Baselines 
        and cost controls) of title 51, United States Code (as 
        redesignated by paragraph (3)(B)), is amended by striking 
        ``Committee on Science and Technology'' and inserting 
        ``Committee on Science, Space, and Technology'' in--
                    (A) subsection (b)(2);
                    (B) subsection (c)(1);
                    (C) subsection (d)(3);
                    (D) subsection (e)(1)(A) (matter before clause 
                (i)); and
                    (E) subsection (e)(2).
            (6) Enactment of sections 30104 and 30105.--Chapter 301 of 
        title 51, United States Code, is amended by inserting after 
        section 30103 (Baselines and cost controls) (as redesignated by 
        paragraph (3)(B) and amended by paragraph (5)) the following:
``Sec. 30104. Reports on estimated costs for certain programs
    ``For each program under the jurisdiction of the Administration for 
which development costs are expected to exceed $200,000,000, the 
Administrator shall submit to Congress, at the time of submission of 
the President's annual budget--
            ``(1) a 5-year budget detailing the estimated development 
        costs of the program; and
            ``(2) an estimate of the life-cycle costs associated with 
        the program.
``Sec. 30105. Annual report on program cost and control
    ``(a) Annual Report.--Not later than April 30 of each year, the 
Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the 
implementation during the preceding year of the corrective action plan 
referred to in section 1203(a)(4) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267, 124 Stat. 
2842).
    ``(b) Contents.--A report under this section shall contain the 
following:
            ``(1) Description of over-budget or delayed programs.--For 
        the year covered by the report, a description of each 
        Administration program that has exceeded its cost baseline by 
        15 percent or more or is more than 2 years behind its projected 
        development schedule.
            ``(2) Corrective plans.--For each program described under 
        paragraph (1), a plan for a decrease in scope or requirements, 
        or other measures, to be undertaken to control cost and 
        schedule, including any cost monitoring or corrective actions 
        undertaken pursuant to the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155, 
        119 Stat. 2895), and the amendments made by that Act.''.
            (7) Revision of section 30121.--Section 30121 of title 51, 
        United States Code (as redesignated and transferred by 
        paragraph (3)(A)), is amended--
                    (A) in the section heading, by striking ``Budgets'' 
                and inserting ``General budget documentation 
                requirements''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b) (matter before paragraph 
                (1)), by striking ``Committee on Science and 
                Technology'' and inserting ``Committee on Science, 
                Space, and Technology''.
            (8) Enactment of sections 30122 and 30123.--Chapter 301 of 
        title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
        the following:
``Sec. 30122. Consideration of decadal surveys
    ``The Administration shall take into account the current decadal 
surveys from the National Academies' Space Studies Board when 
submitting the President's budget request to Congress.
``Sec. 30123. Two-year budget request with third-year estimate
    ``Each fiscal year, the President shall submit to Congress a budget 
request for the Administration that includes--
            ``(1) a budget request for the immediate fiscal year and 
        the following fiscal year; and
            ``(2) budget estimates for the third fiscal year.''.
    (f) Revision of Section 30310.--Section 30310 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``Section 526(a) of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17142(a))'' and 
inserting ``Section 526 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 
2007 (42 U.S.C. 17142)''.
    (g) Enactment of Section 30311.--
            (1) Chapter table of contents.--The chapter table of 
        contents of chapter 303 of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:

``30311. Counterfeit parts.''.
            (2) Enactment of section.--Chapter 303 of title 51, United 
        States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 30311. Counterfeit parts
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator shall plan, develop, and 
implement a program, in coordination with other Federal agencies, to 
detect, track, catalog, and reduce the number of counterfeit electronic 
parts in the Administration supply chain.
    ``(b) Requirements.--In carrying out the program, the Administrator 
shall establish--
            ``(1) counterfeit part identification training for all 
        employees who procure, process, distribute, and install 
        electronic parts that will--
                    ``(A) teach employees how to identify counterfeit 
                parts;
                    ``(B) educate employees on procedures to follow if 
                they suspect a part is counterfeit;
                    ``(C) regularly update employees on new threats, 
                identification techniques, and reporting requirements; 
                and
                    ``(D) integrate industry associations, 
                manufacturers, suppliers, and other Federal agencies, 
                as appropriate;
            ``(2) an internal database to track all suspected and 
        confirmed counterfeit electronic parts that will maintain, at a 
        minimum--
                    ``(A) companies and individuals known and suspected 
                of selling counterfeit parts;
                    ``(B) parts known and suspected of being 
                counterfeit, including lot and date codes, part 
                numbers, and part images;
                    ``(C) countries of origin;
                    ``(D) sources of reporting;
                    ``(E) United States Customs seizures; and
                    ``(F) Government-Industry Data Exchange Program 
                reports and other public- or private-sector database 
                notifications; and
            ``(3) a mechanism--
                    ``(A) to report all information on suspected and 
                confirmed counterfeit electronic parts to law 
                enforcement agency databases, industry association 
                databases, and other databases; and
                    ``(B) to issue bulletins to industry on counterfeit 
                electronic parts and related counterfeit activity.
    ``(c) Review of Procurement and Acquisition Policy.--
            ``(1) In general.--In establishing the program, the 
        Administrator shall amend acquisition and procurement policy in 
        effect on October 11, 2010, to require the purchase of 
        electronic parts from trusted or approved manufacturers. To 
        determine trusted or approved manufacturers, the Administrator 
        shall establish a list, assessed and adjusted at least 
        annually, and create criteria for manufacturers to meet in 
        order to be placed on the list.
            ``(2) Criteria.--The criteria may include--
                    ``(A) authentication or encryption codes;
                    ``(B) embedded security markings in parts;
                    ``(C) unique, hard-to-copy labels and markings;
                    ``(D) identification of distinct lot and serial 
                codes on external packaging;
                    ``(E) radio frequency identification embedded into 
                high-value parts;
                    ``(F) physical destruction of all defective, 
                damaged, and sub-standard parts that are by-products of 
                the manufacturing process;
                    ``(G) testing certifications;
                    ``(H) maintenance of procedures for handling any 
                counterfeit parts that slip through;
                    ``(I) maintenance of secure facilities to prevent 
                unauthorized access to proprietary information; and
                    ``(J) maintenance of product return, buy back, and 
                inventory control practices that limit 
                counterfeiting.''.
    (h) Enactment of Sections 30505 and 30506.--
            (1) Chapter table of contents.--The chapter table of 
        contents of chapter 305 of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:

``30505. Information security.
``30506. Workforce development for minority and underrepresented 
                            groups.''.
            (2) Enactment of sections.--Chapter 305 of title 51, United 
        States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 30505. Information security
    ``(a) Definition of Information Infrastructure.--In this section, 
the term `information infrastructure' means the underlying framework 
that information systems and assets rely on to process, transmit, 
receive, or store information electronically, including programmable 
electronic devices and communications networks and any associated 
hardware, software, or data.
    ``(b) Monitoring Risk.--
            ``(1) Biennial update on system implementation.--On a 
        biennial basis, the Chief Information Officer of the 
        Administration, in coordination with other national security 
        agencies, shall provide to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
        and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives--
                    ``(A) an update on efforts to implement a system to 
                provide dynamic, comprehensive, real-time information 
                regarding risk of unauthorized remote, proximity, and 
                insider use or access, for all information 
                infrastructure under the responsibility of the Chief 
                Information Officer, and mission-related networks, 
                including contractor networks;
                    ``(B) an assessment of whether the system has 
                demonstrably and quantifiably reduced network risk 
                compared with alternative methods of measuring 
                security; and
                    ``(C) an assessment of the progress that each 
                center and facility has made toward implementing the 
                system.
            ``(2) Existing assessments.--The assessments required of 
        the Inspector General under section 3555 of title 44 shall 
        evaluate the effectiveness of the system described in this 
        subsection.
    ``(c) Information Security Awareness and Education.--
            ``(1) In general.--In consultation with the Department of 
        Education, other national security agencies, and other agency 
        directorates, the Chief Information Officer shall institute an 
        information security awareness and education program for all 
        operators and users of Administration information 
        infrastructure, with the goal of reducing unauthorized remote, 
        proximity, and insider use or access.
            ``(2) Program requirements.--
                    ``(A) Briefings, exercises, and examinations.--The 
                program shall include, at a minimum, ongoing classified 
                and unclassified threat-based briefings, and automated 
                exercises and examinations that simulate common attack 
                techniques.
                    ``(B) Participation.--All agency employees and 
                contractors engaged in the operation or use of agency 
                information infrastructure shall participate in the 
                program.
                    ``(C) Access.--Access to Administration information 
                infrastructure shall be granted only to operators and 
                users who regularly satisfy the requirements of the 
                program.
                    ``(D) Rewarding achievement.--The Chief Human 
                Capital Officer of the Administration, in consultation 
                with the Chief Information Officer, shall create a 
                system to reward operators and users of agency 
                information infrastructure for continuous high 
                achievement in the program.
``Sec. 30506. Workforce development for minority and underrepresented 
              groups
    ``(a) Addressing Impediments.--To the extent practicable, the 
Administrator shall take all necessary steps to address any impediments 
identified in the assessment described in subsection (b).
    ``(b) Assessment.--The assessment referred to in subsection (a) is 
the independent assessment of impediments to space science and 
engineering workforce development for minority and underrepresented 
groups at the Administration that was prepared under section 203(a) of 
the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-358, 
124 Stat. 3994).''.
    (i) Revision of Section 30704.--Section 30704(2) of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``the Buy American Act (41 
U.S.C. 10a et seq.)'' and inserting ``chapter 83 of title 41''.
    (j) Enactment of Section 30705.--
            (1) Chapter table of contents.--The chapter table of 
        contents of chapter 307 of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:

``30705. Limitation on international agreements concerning outer space 
                            activities.''.
            (2) Enactment of section.--Chapter 307 of title 51, United 
        States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 30705. Limitation on international agreements concerning outer 
              space activities
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Congressional defense committees.--The term 
        `congressional defense committees' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            ``(2) Covered congressional committees.--The term `covered 
        congressional committees' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
                Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select 
                Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
                Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select 
                Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
                Representatives.
    ``(b) Certification.--If the United States becomes a signatory to a 
non-legally binding international agreement concerning an International 
Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities or any similar agreement, at 
the same time as the United States becomes a signatory--
            ``(1) the President shall submit to the congressional 
        defense committees, the Permanent Select Committee on 
        Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and the Select 
        Committee on Intelligence of the Senate a certification that 
        the agreement has no legally binding effect or basis for 
        limiting the activities of the United States in outer space; 
        and
            ``(2) the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint 
        Chiefs of Staff, and the Director of National Intelligence 
        shall jointly submit to the congressional defense committees a 
        certification that the agreement is equitable, enhances 
        national security, and has no militarily significant impact on 
        the ability of the United States to conduct military or 
        intelligence activities in space.
    ``(c) Briefings and Notifications Required.--
            ``(1) Restatement of policy formulation under the arms 
        control and disarmament act with respect to outer space.--No 
        action shall be taken that would obligate the United States to 
        reduce or limit the Armed Forces or armaments of the United 
        States in outer space in a militarily significant manner, 
        except pursuant to the treaty-making power of the President 
        under article II, section 2, clause II of the Constitution or 
        unless authorized by the enactment of further affirmative 
        legislation by Congress.
            ``(2) Briefings.--
                    ``(A) Requirement.--The Secretary of Defense, the 
                Secretary of State, and the Director of National 
                Intelligence shall jointly provide to the covered 
                congressional committees regular, detailed updates on 
                the negotiation of a non-legally binding international 
                agreement concerning an International Code of Conduct 
                for Outer Space Activities or any similar agreement.
                    ``(B) Termination of requirement.--The requirement 
                to provide regular briefings under subparagraph (A) 
                shall terminate on the date on which the United States 
                becomes a signatory to an agreement referred to in 
                subparagraph (A), or on the date on which the President 
                certifies to Congress that the United States is no 
                longer negotiating an agreement referred to in 
                subparagraph (A), whichever is earlier.
            ``(3) Notifications.--If the United States becomes a 
        signatory to a non-legally binding international agreement 
        concerning an International Code of Conduct for Outer Space 
        Activities or any similar agreement, not less than 60 days 
        prior to any action that would obligate the United States to 
        reduce or limit the Armed Forces, armaments, or activities of 
        the United States in outer space, the head of each department 
        or agency of the Federal Government that would be affected by 
        the action shall submit to Congress a notice of the action and 
        its effect on the department or agency.''.
    (k) Redesignation of Chapter 315 as Chapter 399.--
            (1) Reserved chapters.--Title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by inserting after section 31302 the following:
    ``CHAPTERS 317 THROUGH 397--RESERVED''.
            (2) Redesignation of chapter.--Title 51, United States 
        Code, is amended by redesignating chapter 315 as chapter 399.
            (3) Redesignation of sections.--Chapter 399 of title 51, 
        United States Code (as redesignated by paragraph (2)), is 
        amended--
                    (A) in the chapter table of contents, by 
                redesignating the items for sections 31501 through 
                31505 as items for sections 39901 through 39905, 
                respectively; and
                    (B) by redesignating sections 31501 through 31505 
                as sections 39901 through 39905, respectively.
    (l) Enactment of Chapter 315.--
            (1) Enactment of chapter.--
                    (A) Content.--Title 51, United States Code, as 
                amended by subsection (k), is amended by inserting 
                after chapter 313 (and before ``CHAPTERS 317 THROUGH 
                397-RESERVED'' as inserted by subsection (k)(1)) the 
                following:

              ``Chapter 315--FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

``Sec.
``31501. Policy and plan.
``31502. Maintenance and upgrade of center facilities.
``Sec. 31501. Policy and plan
    ``(a) Policy.--It is the policy of the United States that the 
Administration maintain reliable and efficient facilities and 
infrastructure and that decisions on whether to dispose of, maintain, 
or modernize existing facilities or infrastructure be made in the 
context of meeting future Administration needs.
    ``(b) Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a 
        facilities and infrastructure plan.
            ``(2) Goal.--The goal of the plan is to position the 
        Administration to have the facilities and infrastructure, 
        including laboratories, tools, and approaches, necessary to 
        meet future Administration and other Federal agencies' 
        laboratory needs.
            ``(3) Contents.--The plan shall identify--
                    ``(A) current Administration and other Federal 
                agency laboratory needs;
                    ``(B) future Administration research and 
                development and testing needs;
                    ``(C) a strategy for identifying facilities and 
                infrastructure that are candidates for disposal, which 
                strategy is consistent with the national strategic 
                direction set forth in--
                            ``(i) the National Space Policy;
                            ``(ii) the National Aeronautics Research, 
                        Development, Test, and Evaluation 
                        Infrastructure Plan;
                            ``(iii) the National Aeronautics and Space 
                        Administration Authorization Act of 2005 
                        (Public Law 109-155, 119 Stat. 2895), the 
                        National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
                        Authorization Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-422, 
                        122 Stat. 4779), and the National Aeronautics 
                        and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
                        2010 (Public Law 111-267, 124 Stat. 2805); and
                            ``(iv) the human exploration roadmap under 
                        section 71721 of this title;
                    ``(D) a strategy for the maintenance, repair, 
                upgrading, and modernization of Administration 
                facilities and infrastructure, including laboratories 
                and equipment;
                    ``(E) criteria for--
                            ``(i) prioritizing deferred maintenance 
                        tasks;
                            ``(ii) maintaining, repairing, upgrading, 
                        or modernizing Administration facilities and 
                        infrastructure; and
                            ``(iii) implementing processes, plans, and 
                        policies for guiding the Administration's 
                        centers on whether to maintain, repair, 
                        upgrade, or modernize a facility or 
                        infrastructure and for determining the type of 
                        instrument to be used;
                    ``(F) an assessment of modifications needed to 
                maximize usage of facilities that offer unique and 
                highly specialized benefits to the aerospace industry 
                and the American public; and
                    ``(G) implementation steps, including a timeline, 
                milestones, and an estimate of resources required for 
                carrying out the plan.
    ``(c) Requirement To Establish Policy.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after March 21, 
        2017, the Administrator shall establish and make publicly 
        available a policy that guides the Administration's use of 
        existing authorities to out-grant, lease, excess to the General 
        Services Administration, sell, decommission, demolish, or 
        otherwise transfer property, facilities, or infrastructure.
            ``(2) Criteria.--The policy shall include criteria for the 
        use of authorities, best practices, standardized procedures, 
        and guidelines for how to appropriately manage property, 
        facilities, and infrastructure.
    ``(d) Submission to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after March 
21, 2017, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives the plan 
developed under subsection (b).''.
                    (B) Typeface.--The chapter heading of chapter 315 
                of title 51, United States Code, as inserted by 
                subparagraph (A), is amended so that the typeface of 
                that chapter heading conforms to the typeface of other 
                chapter headings in title 51, United States Code.
            (2) Redesignation of section 39902 as section 31502.--
                    (A) Redesignation and transfer.--Section 39902 of 
                title 51, United States Code, as redesignated by 
                subsection (k)(3)(B), is redesignated as section 31502 
                of title 51, United States Code, and transferred to 
                appear after section 31501 of title 51, United States 
                Code, as inserted by paragraph (1).
                    (B) Amendment of section 31502.--Section 31502 of 
                title 51, United States Code, as redesignated and 
                transferred by subparagraph (A), is amended--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking 
                        ``Maintenance of facilities'' and inserting 
                        ``Maintenance and upgrade of center 
                        facilities'';
                            (ii) by striking ``healthy Centers'' and 
                        inserting ``healthy centers''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``Center facilities'' and 
                        inserting ``center facilities''.
                    (C) Conforming amendments to chapter 399.--Chapter 
                399 of title 51, United States Code, as redesignated 
                and amended by subsections (k) and (l)(2)(A), is 
                amended--
                            (i) in the chapter table of contents--
                                    (I) by striking the item relating 
                                to section 39902; and
                                    (II) by redesignating the items 
                                relating to sections 39903, 39904, and 
                                39905 as items relating to sections 
                                39902, 39903, and 39904, respectively; 
                                and
                            (ii) by redesignating sections 39903, 
                        39904, and 39905 as sections 39902, 39903, and 
                        39904, respectively.
    (m) Revision of Section 39901.--Section 39901 of title 51, United 
States Code (as redesignated by subsection (k)(3)), is amended--
            (1) by redesignating the existing text as subsection (a) 
        and inserting the subsection heading ``Technologies To Decrease 
        Risk.--''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) International Discussion.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall, in consultation 
        with such other departments and agencies of the Federal 
        Government as the Administrator considers appropriate, continue 
        and strengthen discussions with the representatives of other 
        space-faring countries, within the Inter-Agency Space Debris 
        Coordination Committee and elsewhere, to deal with orbital 
        debris mitigation.
            ``(2) Interagency effort.--For purposes of carrying out 
        this subsection, the Director of the Office of Science and 
        Technology Policy, in coordination with the Director of the 
        National Security Council and using the President's Council of 
        Advisors on Science and Technology coordinating mechanism, 
        shall develop an overall strategy for review by the President, 
        with recommendations for proposed international collaborative 
        efforts to address the challenge of orbital debris 
        mitigation.''.
    (n) Redesignation of Chapter 409 as Chapter 499.--
            (1) Reserved chapters.--Title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by inserting after section 40704 the following:
    ``CHAPTERS 411 THROUGH 497--RESERVED''.
            (2) Redesignation of chapter.--Title 51, United States 
        Code, is amended by redesignating chapter 409 as chapter 499.
            (3) Redesignation of sections.--Chapter 499 of title 51, 
        United States Code (as redesignated by paragraph (2)), is 
        amended--
                    (A) in the chapter table of contents, by 
                redesignating the items for sections 40901 through 
                40909 as items for sections 49901 through 49909, 
                respectively; and
                    (B) by redesignating sections 40901 through 40909 
                as sections 49901 through 49909, respectively.
    (o) Enactment of Chapter 409.--Title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after chapter 407 (and before ``CHAPTERS 411 
THROUGH 497--RESERVED'' as inserted by subsection (n)(1)) the 
following:

            ``Chapter 409--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

``Sec.
``40901. Aeronautics research goals.
``40902. Research collaboration.
``40903. Goal for Administration space technology.
``40904. National space technology policy.
``40905. Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program.
``Sec. 40901. Aeronautics research goals
    ``The Administrator should ensure that the Administration maintains 
a strong aeronautics research portfolio ranging from fundamental 
research through systems research with specific research goals, 
including the following:
            ``(1) Airspace capacity.--The Administration's Aeronautics 
        Research Mission Directorate shall address research needs of 
        the Next Generation Air Transportation System, including the 
        ability of the National Airspace System to handle up to 3 times 
        the current travel demand by 2025.
            ``(2) Environmental sustainability.--The Directorate 
        shall--
                    ``(A) consider and pursue concepts to reduce noise, 
                emissions, and fuel consumption while maintaining high 
                safety standards; and
                    ``(B) pursue research relating to alternative 
                fuels.
            ``(3) Aviation safety.--The Directorate shall proactively 
        address safety challenges with new and current air vehicles and 
        with operations in the Nation's current and future air 
        transportation system.
``Sec. 40902. Research collaboration
    ``(a) Department of Defense.--The Administrator shall continue to 
coordinate with the Secretary of Defense, through the National 
Partnership for Aeronautics Testing, to develop and implement joint 
plans for those elements of the Nation's research, development, 
testing, and engineering infrastructure that are of common interest and 
use.
    ``(b) Federal Aviation Administration.--The Administrator shall 
continue to coordinate with, and work closely with, the Administrator 
of the Federal Aviation Administration, under the framework of the 
Senior Policy Council, in the development of the Next Generation Air 
Transportation Program. The Administrator shall encourage the Council 
to explore areas for greater collaboration, including areas in which 
the Administration can help to accelerate the development and 
demonstration of NextGen technologies.
``Sec. 40903. Goal for Administration space technology
    ``Building on its Innovative Partnerships Program and other 
partnering approaches, it is critical that the Administration maintain 
an Administration space technology base that helps align mission 
directorate investments and supports long term needs--
            ``(1) to complement mission-directorate funded research; 
        and
            ``(2) where appropriate, to support multiple users.
``Sec. 40904. National space technology policy
    ``(a) In General.--The President, in consultation with appropriate 
Federal agencies, shall develop a national policy to guide the space 
technology development programs of the United States through 2020. The 
policy shall include national goals for technology development and 
shall describe the role and responsibilities of each Federal agency 
that will carry out the policy. In developing the policy, the President 
shall utilize external studies that have been conducted on the state of 
United States technology development and have suggested policies to 
ensure continued competitiveness.
    ``(b) Content.--At a minimum, the national space technology 
development policy shall describe for the Administration--
            ``(1) the priority areas of research for technology 
        investment;
            ``(2) the basis on which and the process by which 
        priorities for ensuing fiscal years will be selected;
            ``(3) the facilities and personnel needed to carry out the 
        technology development program; and
            ``(4) the budget assumptions on which the policy is based, 
        which for fiscal years 2011, 2012, and 2013 shall be the 
        authorized level for the Administration's technology program 
        authorized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267, 124 Stat. 2805).
    ``(c) Policy Premise.--The policy shall be based on the premise 
that the Federal Government has an established interest in conducting 
research and development programs that help preserve the role of the 
United States as a global leader in space technologies and their 
application.
    ``(d) Considerations.--In developing the national space technology 
development policy, the President shall consider the following issues:
            ``(1) Long term and incremental development.--The extent to 
        which the Administration should focus on long term, high-risk 
        research or more incremental technology development, and the 
        expected impact of that decision on the United States economy.
            ``(2) Military and commercial needs.--The extent to which 
        the Administration should address military and commercial 
        needs.
            ``(3) Coordination with federal agencies.--How the 
        Administration will coordinate its technology program with 
        other Federal agencies.
            ``(4) Administration, university, and industry research.--
        The extent to which the Administration will conduct research 
        in-house, fund university research, and collaborate on industry 
        research and the expected impact of that mix of funding on the 
        supply of United States workers for industry.
    ``(e) Consultation.--In the development of the national space 
technology development policy, the President shall consult widely with 
academic and industry experts and with Federal agencies. The 
Administrator may enter into an arrangement with the National Academy 
of Sciences to help develop the policy.
``Sec. 40905. Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program
    ``(a) Finding That Suborbital Science Missions Are Critical.--The 
report entitled Revitalizing NASA's Suborbital Program: Advancing 
Science, Driving Innovation, and Developing a Workforce (prepared by 
the Committee on NASA's Suborbital Research Capabilities, Space Studies 
Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research 
Council of the National Academies) found that suborbital science 
missions are absolutely critical to building an aerospace workforce 
capable of meeting the needs of current and future human and robotic 
space exploration.
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a 
Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program within the Space 
Technology Program.
    ``(c) Management.--The Administrator shall designate an officer or 
employee of the Space Technology Program to act as the responsible 
official for the Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program. The 
designee shall be responsible for the development of short- and long-
term strategic plans for maintaining, renewing, and extending 
suborbital facilities and capabilities.
    ``(d) Activities.--The Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research 
Program--
            ``(1) shall fund the development of payloads for scientific 
        research, technology development, and education;
            ``(2) shall provide flight opportunities to microgravity 
        environments and suborbital altitudes for the payloads referred 
        to in paragraph (1);
            ``(3) may fund engineering and integration demonstrations, 
        proofs of concept, or educational experiments for commercial 
        reusable vehicle flights; and
            ``(4) shall endeavor to work with the Administration's 
        mission directorates to help achieve the Administration's 
        research, technology, and education goals.
    ``(e) Report.--The Administrator shall annually submit to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives a report describing progress in carrying out the 
Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research program, including the number 
and type of suborbital missions planned in each fiscal year.''.
    (p) Enactment of Sections 49910 Through 49912.--
            (1) Chapter table of contents.--The chapter table of 
        contents of chapter 499 of title 51, United States Code (as 
        redesignated and amended by subsection (n)), is amended by 
        adding at the end the following:

``49910. Programs to support STEM education.
``49911. Supporting women's involvement in the fields of aerospace and 
                            space exploration.
``49912. Internship and fellowship opportunities.''.
            (2) Enactment of sections.--Chapter 499 of title 51, United 
        States Code (as redesignated and amended by subsection (n)), is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 49910. Programs to support STEM education
    ``(a) Definition of STEM.--In this section, the term `STEM' means 
the academic and professional disciplines of science, technology, 
engineering, and mathematics.
    ``(b) Educational Program Goals.--The Administration shall develop 
and maintain educational programs to--
            ``(1) carry out and support research-based programs and 
        activities designed to increase student interest and 
        participation in STEM, including students from minority and 
        underrepresented groups;
            ``(2) improve public literacy in STEM;
            ``(3) employ proven strategies and methods for improving 
        student learning and teaching in STEM;
            ``(4) provide curriculum support materials and other 
        resources that--
                    ``(A) are designed to be integrated with 
                comprehensive STEM education;
                    ``(B) are aligned with national science education 
                standards; and
                    ``(C) promote the adoption and implementation of 
                high-quality education practices that build toward 
                college and career-readiness; and
            ``(5) create and support opportunities for enhanced and 
        ongoing professional development for teachers using best 
        practices that improve the STEM content and knowledge of the 
        teachers, including through programs linking STEM teachers with 
        STEM educators at the higher education level.
    ``(c) Cybersecurity in STEM Programs.--In carrying out any STEM 
education program of the Administration, including a program of the 
Office of STEM Engagement, the Administrator shall, to the maximum 
extent practicable, encourage the inclusion of cybersecurity education 
opportunities in the program.
``Sec. 49911. Supporting women's involvement in the fields of aerospace 
              and space exploration
    ``The Administrator shall encourage women and girls to study 
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, pursue careers in 
aerospace, and further advance the Nation's space science and 
exploration efforts through support of the following initiatives:
            ``(1) NASA GIRLS and NASA BOYS.
            ``(2) Aspire to Inspire.
            ``(3) Summer Institute in Science, Technology, Engineering, 
        and Research.
``Sec. 49912. Internship and fellowship opportunities
    ``Not later than October 1, 2018, the Administrator shall institute 
a process to encourage the recruitment of qualified candidates who are 
women or individuals who are underrepresented in the fields of science, 
technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and computer science 
for internships and fellowships at the Administration with relevance to 
the aerospace sector and related fields.''.
    (q) Revision of Section 50905.--Section 50905 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the 2d sentence of subsection (a)(1), by striking 
        ``subsection (b)(2)(D)'' and inserting ``subsection 
        (b)(2)(E)'';
            (2) in the 3d sentence of subsection (a)(1), by striking 
        ``subsection (b)(2)(D)'' and inserting ``subsection 
        (b)(2)(E)'';
            (3) in the last sentence of subsection (a)(1), by striking 
        ``Committee on Science'' and inserting ``Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology'';
            (4) in subsection (b)(4)(B), by striking ``the date of 
        enactment of the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 
        2004'' and inserting ``December 23, 2004'';
            (5) in subsection (b)(6)(A), by striking ``the date of 
        enactment of the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 
        2004'' and inserting ``December 23, 2004''; and
            (6) in subsection (b)(6)(B), by striking ``the date of 
        enactment of the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 
        2004'' and inserting ``December 23, 2004''.
    (r) Revision of Section 50922.--Section 50922 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) (matter before paragraph (1)), by 
        striking ``the date of the enactment of this section,'' and 
        inserting ``October 28, 1998,'';
            (2) in subsection (b) (matter before paragraph (1)), by 
        striking ``the date of the enactment of this section,'' and 
        inserting ``October 28, 1998,'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``the date of enactment of the 
                Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004,'' and 
                inserting ``December 23, 2004,'';
                    (B) by striking ``that Act,'' and inserting ``the 
                Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004,''; and
                    (C) by striking ``such date of enactment,'' and 
                inserting ``December 23, 2004,'';
            (4) in subsection (c)(2)(A)--
                    (A) by striking ``the date of enactment of the 
                Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004,'' and 
                inserting ``December 23, 2004,''; and
                    (B) by striking ``the Congress.'' and inserting 
                ``Congress.'';
            (5) in subsection (d)(2)--
                    (A) by striking ``the date of enactment of the 
                Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004,'' and 
                inserting ``December 23, 2004,''; and
                    (B) by striking ``that Act'' and inserting ``the 
                Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004''; and
            (6) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``the date of 
        enactment of the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 
        2004'' and inserting ``December 23, 2004,''.
    (s) Revision of Chapter 515.--
            (1) Table of contents.--Chapter 515 of title 51, United 
        States Code, is amended by inserting after the chapter heading 
        the following:

``Sec.
``51501. Establishment of Office of Spaceports.''.
            (2) Revision of section 51501.--Section 51501 of title 51, 
        United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (c), 
                (d), and (e) as subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), and 
                (a), respectively, and transferring subsection (a), as 
                redesignated, to appear at the beginning of the 
                section;
                    (B) in the heading for subsection (a), as 
                redesignated, by striking ``Definition'' and inserting 
                ``Definition of Spaceport'';
                    (C) in subsection (a), as redesignated, by 
                inserting a comma after ``In this section'';
                    (D) in subsection (b), as redesignated, by striking 
                ``the date of enactment of this section,'' and 
                inserting ``October 5, 2018,''; and
                    (E) in subsection (d), as redesignated--
                            (i) by striking ``functions assigned in 
                        subsection (b),'' and inserting ``functions 
                        assigned in subsection (c),''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``host'' from the end of 
                        the matter before paragraph (1) and inserting 
                        ``host'' at the beginning of paragraph (1).
    (t) Enactment of Chapter 517.--Title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after chapter 515 the following:

    ``Chapter 517--DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF COMMERCIAL CARGO AND CREW 
                      TRANSPORTATION CAPABILITIES

``Sec.
``51701. Commercial development of cargo transportation capabilities.
``51702. Commercial development of crew transportation capabilities.
``51703. Commercial Crew Program.
``51704. Policy regarding fair and open competition for space 
                            transportation services.
``51705. Transparency.
``Sec. 51701. Commercial development of cargo transportation 
              capabilities
    ``The Administrator shall continue to support the existing 
Commercial Resupply Services program, aimed at enabling the commercial 
space industry in support of the Administration to develop reliable 
means of launching cargo and supplies to the International Space 
Station throughout the duration of the facility's operation. The 
Administrator may apply funds toward the reduction of risk to the 
timely start of the services, specifically--
            ``(1) efforts to conduct a flight test;
            ``(2) the acceleration of development; and
            ``(3) the development of the ground infrastructure needed 
        for commercial cargo capability.
``Sec. 51702. Commercial development of crew transportation 
              capabilities
    ``For the duration of the commercial crew development program, the 
Administrator may support follow-on commercially developed crew 
transportation systems dependent on the completion of each of the 
following:
            ``(1) Human rating requirements.--The Administrator shall 
        develop and make available to the public detailed human rating 
        processes and requirements to guide the design of commercially 
        developed crew transportation capabilities, which requirements 
        shall be at least equivalent to proven requirements for crew 
        transportation in use as of October 11, 2010.
            ``(2) Procurement system review.--
                    ``(A) Review of current practices and processes.--
                The Administrator shall review current Government 
                procurement and acquisition practices and processes, 
                including agreement authorities under chapter 201 of 
                this title, to determine the most cost-effective means 
                of procuring commercial crew transportation 
                capabilities and related services in a manner that 
                ensures appropriate accountability, transparency, and 
                maximum efficiency in the procurement of the 
                capabilities and services. The review shall include 
                identification of proposed measures to address--
                            ``(i) risk management and means of 
                        indemnification of commercial providers of the 
                        capabilities and services;
                            ``(ii) quality control;
                            ``(iii) safety oversight; and
                            ``(iv) the application of Federal oversight 
                        processes within the jurisdiction of other 
                        Federal agencies.
                    ``(B) Review of proposed procurement.--A 
                description of the proposed procurement process and 
                justification of the proposed procurement for its 
                selection shall be included in any proposed initiation 
                of procurement activity for commercially developed crew 
                transportation capabilities and services and shall be 
                subject to review by the Committee on Commerce, 
                Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
                Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
                House of Representatives before the initiation of any 
                competitive process to procure the capabilities or 
                services. In support of the review by the committees, 
                the Comptroller General shall undertake an assessment 
                of the proposed procurement process and provide a 
                report to the committees not later than 90 days after 
                the date on which the Administrator provides the 
                description and justification to the committees.
            ``(3) Use of government-supplied capabilities and 
        infrastructure.--In evaluating any proposed development 
        activity for commercially developed crew or cargo launch 
        capabilities, the Administrator shall identify the anticipated 
        contribution of Government personnel, expertise, technologies, 
        and infrastructure to be utilized in support of design, 
        development, or operations of the capabilities. This assessment 
        shall include a clear delineation of the full requirements for 
        the commercial crew service (including the contingency for crew 
        rescue). The Administrator shall include details and associated 
        costs of such support as part of any proposed development 
        initiative for the procurement of commercially developed crew 
        or cargo launch capabilities or services.
            ``(4) Flight demonstration and readiness requirements.--The 
        Administrator shall establish appropriate milestones and 
        minimum performance objectives to be achieved before authority 
        is granted to proceed to the procurement of commercially 
        developed crew transportation capabilities or services. The 
        guidelines shall include a procedure to provide independent 
        assurance of flight safety and flight readiness before the 
        authorization of United States government personnel to 
        participate as crew onboard any commercial launch vehicle 
        developed pursuant to this section.
            ``(5) Commercial crew rescue capabilities.--The provision 
        of a commercial capability to provide International Space 
        Station crew services shall include crew rescue requirements, 
        and shall be undertaken through the procurement process 
        initiated in conformance with this section. In the event such 
        development is initiated, the Administrator shall make 
        available any relevant government-owned intellectual property 
        deriving from the development of a multipurpose crew vehicle 
        authorized by this section and sections 71522 and 71523 of this 
        title to commercial entities involved with such crew rescue 
        capability development which shall be relevant to the design of 
        a crew rescue capability. In addition, the Administrator shall 
        seek to ensure that contracts for development of the 
        multipurpose crew vehicle contain provisions for the licensing 
        of relevant intellectual property to participating commercial 
        providers of any crew rescue capability development undertaken 
        pursuant to this section. If 1 or more contractors involved 
        with development of the multipurpose crew vehicle seek to 
        compete in development of a commercial crew service with crew 
        rescue capability, separate legislative authority must be 
        enacted to enable the Administrator to provide funding for any 
        modifications of the multipurpose crew vehicle necessary to 
        fulfill the International Space Station crew rescue function.
``Sec. 51703. Commercial Crew Program
    ``(a) Objective.--The objective of the Commercial Crew Program 
shall be to assist in the development and certification of commercially 
provided transportation that--
            ``(1) can carry United States government astronauts 
        (meaning a United States government astronaut as defined in 
        section 50902 of this title, except it does not include an 
        individual who is an international partner astronaut) safely, 
        reliably, and affordably to and from the International Space 
        Station;
            ``(2) can serve as a crew rescue vehicle; and
            ``(3) can accomplish the goals stated in paragraphs (1) and 
        (2) as soon as practicable.
    ``(b) Primary Consideration.--The objective described in subsection 
(a) shall be the primary consideration in the acquisition strategy for 
the Commercial Crew Program.
    ``(c) Safety.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall protect the 
        safety of government astronauts (as defined in section 50902 of 
        this title) by ensuring that each commercially provided 
        transportation system under this section meets all applicable 
        human rating requirements in accordance with section 51702(1) 
        of this title.
            ``(2) Lessons learned.--Consistent with the findings and 
        recommendations of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board, 
        the Administration shall ensure that safety and the 
        minimization of the probability of loss of crew are the 
        critical priorities of the Commercial Crew Program.
    ``(d) Cost Minimization.--The Administrator shall strive through 
the competitive selection process to minimize the life cycle cost to 
the Administration through the planned period of commercially provided 
crew transportation services.
``Sec. 51704. Policy regarding fair and open competition for space 
              transportation services
    ``It is the policy of the United States that, to foster the 
competitive development, operation, improvement, and commercial 
availability of space transportation services, and to minimize the life 
cycle cost to the Administration, the Administrator shall procure 
services for Federal Government access to and return from the 
International Space Station, whenever practicable, via fair and open 
competition for well-defined, milestone-based, Federal Acquisition 
Regulation-based contracts under section 71511(a) of this title.
``Sec. 51705. Transparency
    ``The Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable and 
in a manner that does not add costs or schedule delays to the program, 
ensure all Commercial Crew Program and Commercial Resupply Services 
Program providers provide evidence-based support for their costs and 
schedules.''.
    (u) Revision of Section 60304.--
            (1) Revision of section.--Section 60304 of title 51, United 
        States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in the section heading, by striking ``Program 
                evaluation'' and inserting ``Advisory committee'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), by striking the subsection 
                designation ``(a)'' and the subsection heading 
                ``Advisory Committee.--''; and
                    (C) by striking subsection (b).
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The chapter table of contents of 
        chapter 603 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by 
        striking the item relating to section 60304 and inserting the 
        following:

``60304. Advisory committee.''.
    (v) Enactment of Sections 60507 Through 60510.--
            (1) Chapter table of contents.--The chapter table of 
        contents of chapter 605 of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:

``60507. Interagency collaboration implementation approach.
``60508. Transitioning experimental research to operations.
``60509. Decadal Survey missions implementation for Earth observation.
``60510. Instrument testbeds and venture class missions.''.
            (2) Enactment of sections.--Chapter 605 of title 51, United 
        States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 60507. Interagency collaboration implementation approach
    ``The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
establish a mechanism to ensure greater coordination of the research, 
operations, and activities relating to civilian Earth observation of 
Federal agencies, including the Administration, that have active 
programs that contribute either directly or indirectly to those areas. 
The mechanism should include the development of a strategic 
implementation plan that is updated at least every 3 years with a 
process for external independent advisory input. The strategic 
implementation plan should include--
            ``(1) a description of the responsibilities of the various 
        Federal agency roles in Earth observations;
            ``(2) recommended cost-sharing and procurement arrangements 
        between Federal agencies and other entities, including 
        international arrangements; and
            ``(3) a plan for ensuring the provision of sustained, long-
        term space-based climate observations.
``Sec. 60508. Transitioning experimental research to operations
    ``Based on the implementation plan provided to Congress in March 
2011, the Administrator shall coordinate with the Administrator of the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Director of the 
United States Geological Survey to establish a formal mechanism that 
plans, coordinates, and supports the transitioning of the research 
findings, assets, and capabilities of the Administration to the 
operations of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and 
the United States Geological Survey. In defining the mechanism, the 
Administration should consider the establishment of a formal or 
informal interagency transition office.
``Sec. 60509. Decadal Survey missions implementation for Earth 
              observation
    ``The Administrator shall undertake to implement, as appropriate, 
missions identified in the National Research Council's Earth Science 
Decadal Survey within the scope of the funds authorized for the Earth 
Science Mission Directorate.
``Sec. 60510. Instrument testbeds and venture class missions
    ``The Administrator shall pursue innovative ways to fly instrument-
level payloads for early demonstration or as co-manifested payloads. 
Congress encourages the use of the International Space Station as an 
accessible platform for the conduct of such activities. Additionally, 
in order to address the cost and schedule challenges associated with 
large flight systems, the Administrator should pursue smaller systems 
to the extent practicable and warranted.''.
    (w) Revision of Chapter 709.--
            (1) Chapter table of contents.--The chapter table of 
        contents of chapter 709 of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:

``70908. Continuation of the International Space Station.
``70909. Maximum utilization of the International Space Station.
``70910. Operation, maintenance, and maximum utilization of United 
                            States segment.
``70911. Management of national laboratory.
``70912. Primary objectives of International Space Station program.''.
            (2) Technical amendment to section 70902.--Section 70902 of 
        title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 
        40904'' and inserting ``section 49904''.
            (3) Technical amendment to section 70903.--Section 70903(1) 
        of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking 
        ``section 40904'' and inserting ``section 49904''.
            (4) Technical amendments to section 70904.--Section 70904 
        of title 51, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``section 
                40904'' and inserting ``section 49904'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``Committee 
                on Science and Technology'' and inserting ``Committee 
                on Science, Space, and Technology''; and
                    (C) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ``Committee 
                on Science and Technology'' and inserting ``Committee 
                on Science, Space, and Technology''.
            (5) Enactment of sections 70908 through 70912.--Chapter 709 
        of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
        end the following:
``Sec. 70908. Continuation of the International Space Station
    ``(a) Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United States, in 
consultation with its international partners in the International Space 
Station program, to support full and complete utilization of the 
International Space Station through at least September 30, 2030.
    ``(b) Actions.--In furtherance of the policy set forth in 
subsection (a), the Administration shall--
            ``(1) pursue international, commercial, and 
        intragovernmental means to maximize International Space Station 
        logistics supply, maintenance, and operational capabilities, 
        reduce risks to International Space Station systems 
        sustainability, and offset and minimize United States 
        operations costs relating to the International Space Station;
            ``(2) utilize, to the extent practicable, the International 
        Space Station for the development of capabilities and 
        technologies needed for the future of human space exploration 
        beyond low-Earth orbit; and
            ``(3) utilize, if practical and cost effective, the 
        International Space Station for Science Mission Directorate 
        missions in low-Earth orbit.
``Sec. 70909. Maximum utilization of the International Space Station
    ``(a) In General.--With assembly of the International Space Station 
complete, the Administration shall take steps to maximize the 
productivity and use of the International Space Station with respect to 
scientific and technological research and development, advancement of 
space exploration, and international collaboration.
    ``(b) Actions.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Administration 
shall, at a minimum, undertake the following:
            ``(1) Innovative use of u.s. segment.--The United States 
        segment of the International Space Station, which has been 
        designated as a national laboratory, shall be developed, 
        managed, and utilized in a manner that enables the effective 
        and innovative use of the facility, as provided in section 
        70911 of this title.
            ``(2) International cooperation.--
                    ``(A) Definition of near-earth space.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `near-Earth space' means the region 
                of space that includes low-Earth orbit and extends out 
                to and includes geo-synchronous orbit.
                    ``(B) Use of international space station.--The 
                International Space Station shall continue to be 
                utilized as a key component of international efforts to 
                build missions and capabilities that further the 
                development of a human presence beyond near-Earth space 
                and advance United States security and economic goals. 
                The Administrator shall actively seek ways to encourage 
                and enable the use of International Space Station 
                capabilities to support those efforts.
            ``(3) Domestic collaboration.--The operations, management, 
        and utilization of the International Space Station shall be 
        conducted in a manner that provides opportunities for 
        collaboration with other research programs and objectives of 
        the United States Government in cooperation with commercial 
        suppliers, users, and developers.
``Sec. 70910. Operation, maintenance, and maximum utilization of United 
              States segment
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator shall take all actions 
necessary to ensure the safe and effective operation, maintenance, and 
maximum utilization of the United States segment of the International 
Space Station through at least September 30, 2030.
    ``(b) Planning, Management, and Support.--Utilization of research 
facilities and capabilities aboard the International Space Station 
(other than exploration-related research and technology development 
facilities and capabilities, and associated ground support and 
logistics) shall be planned, managed, and supported as provided in 
section 70911 of this title. Exploration-related research and 
technology development facilities, capabilities, and associated ground 
support and logistics shall be planned, managed, and supported by the 
appropriate Administration organizations and officials in a manner that 
does not interfere with other activities under section 70911 of this 
title.
``Sec. 70911. Management of national laboratory
    ``(a) Cooperative Agreement With Not-for-Profit Organization for 
Management of National Laboratory.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall provide initial 
        financial assistance and enter into a cooperative agreement 
        with an appropriate organization that is exempt from taxation 
        under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
        (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) to manage the activities of the 
        International Space Station national laboratory in accordance 
        with this section.
            ``(2) Qualifications.--The organization with which the 
        Administrator enters into the cooperative agreement shall 
        develop the capabilities to implement research and development 
        projects utilizing the International Space Station national 
        laboratory and to otherwise manage the activities of the 
        International Space Station national laboratory.
            ``(3) Prohibition on other activities.--The cooperative 
        agreement shall require the organization entering into the 
        agreement to engage exclusively in activities relating to the 
        management of the International Space Station national 
        laboratory and activities that promote its long-term research 
        and development mission as required by this section, without 
        any other organizational objectives or responsibilities on 
        behalf of the organization or any parent organization or other 
        entity.
    ``(b) Administration Liaison.--
            ``(1) Designation.--The Administrator shall designate an 
        official or employee of the Space Operations Mission 
        Directorate of the Administration to act as liaison between the 
        Administration and the organization with which the 
        Administrator enters into a cooperative agreement under 
        subsection (a) with regard to the management of the 
        International Space Station national laboratory.
            ``(2) Consultation with liaison.--The cooperative agreement 
        shall require the organization entering into the agreement to 
        carry out its responsibilities under the agreement in 
        cooperation and consultation with the official or employee 
        designated under paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Planning and Coordination of National Laboratory Research 
Activities.--The Administrator shall provide initial financial 
assistance to the organization with which the Administrator enters into 
a cooperative agreement under subsection (a), in order for the 
organization to initiate the following:
            ``(1) Planning and coordination of the International Space 
        Station national laboratory research activities.
            ``(2) Development and implementation of guidelines, 
        selection criteria, and flight support requirements for non-
        Administration scientific utilization of International Space 
        Station research capabilities and facilities available in 
        United States-owned modules of the International Space Station 
        or in partner-owned facilities of the International Space 
        Station allocated to United States utilization by international 
        agreement.
            ``(3) Interaction with and integration of the International 
        Space Station National Laboratory Advisory Committee 
        established under section 70906 of this title with the 
        governance of the organization, and review of recommendations 
        provided by that Committee regarding agreements with non-
        Administration departments and agencies of the United States 
        Government, academic institutions and consortia, and commercial 
        entities leading to the utilization of the International Space 
        Station national laboratory facilities.
            ``(4) Coordination of transportation requirements in 
        support of the International Space Station national laboratory 
        research and development objectives, including provision for 
        delivery of instruments, logistics support, and related 
        experiment materials, and provision for return to Earth of 
        collected samples, materials, and scientific instruments in 
        need of replacement or upgrade.
            ``(5) Cooperation with the Administration, other 
        departments and agencies of the United States Government, the 
        States, and commercial entities in ensuring the enhancement and 
        sustained operations of non-exploration-related research 
        payload ground support facilities for the International Space 
        Station, including the Space Life Sciences Laboratory, the 
        Space Station Processing Facility, and the Payload Operations 
        Integration Center.
            ``(6) Development and implementation of scientific outreach 
        and education activities designed to ensure effective 
        utilization of International Space Station research 
        capabilities, including the conduct of scientific assemblies, 
        conferences, and other fora for the presentation of research 
        findings, methods, and mechanisms for the dissemination of non-
        restricted research findings and the development of educational 
        programs, course supplements, and interaction with educational 
        programs at all grade levels, including student-focused 
        research opportunities for conduct of research in the 
        International Space Station national laboratory facilities.
            ``(7) Other matters relating to the utilization of the 
        International Space Station national laboratory facilities for 
        research and development as the Administrator considers 
        appropriate.
    ``(d) Research Capacity Allocation and Integration of Research 
Payloads.--
            ``(1) Allocation of international space station research 
        capacity.--The International Space Station national laboratory 
        managed experiments shall be guaranteed access to, and 
        utilization of, not less than 50 percent of the United States 
        research capacity allocation, including power, cold stowage, 
        and requisite crew time onboard the International Space Station 
        through at least September 30, 2030. Access to the 
        International Space Station research capacity includes 
        provision for the adequate upmass and downmass capabilities to 
        utilize the International Space Station research capacity, as 
        available. The Administrator may allocate additional capacity 
        to the International Space Station national laboratory should 
        such capacity be in excess of Administration research 
        requirements.
            ``(2) Additional research capabilities.--If any 
        Administration research plan is determined to require research 
        capacity onboard the International Space Station beyond the 
        percentage allocated under paragraph (1), the research plan 
        shall be prepared in the form of a requested research 
        opportunity to be submitted to the process established under 
        this section for the consideration of proposed research within 
        the capacity allocated to the International Space Station 
        national laboratory. A proposal for such a research plan may 
        include the establishment of partnerships with non-
        Administration institutions eligible to propose research to be 
        conducted within the International Space Station national 
        laboratory capacity. Until at least September 30, 2030, the 
        official or employee designated under subsection (b) may grant 
        an exception to this requirement in the case of a proposed 
        experiment considered essential for purposes of preparing for 
        exploration beyond low-Earth orbit, as determined by joint 
        agreement between the organization with which the Administrator 
        enters into a cooperative agreement under subsection (a) and 
        the official or employee designated under subsection (b).
            ``(3) Research priorities and enhanced capacity.--The 
        organization with which the Administrator enters into the 
        cooperative agreement shall consider recommendations of the 
        National Academies Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical 
        Sciences in Space in establishing research priorities and in 
        developing proposed enhancements of research capacity and 
        opportunities for the International Space Station national 
        laboratory.
            ``(4) Responsibility for research payload.--The 
        Administration shall retain its roles and responsibilities in 
        providing research payload physical, analytical, and operations 
        integration during pre-flight, post-flight, transportation, and 
        orbital phases essential to ensure safe and effective flight 
        readiness and vehicle integration of research activities 
        approved and prioritized by the organization with which the 
        Administrator enters into the cooperative agreement and the 
        official or employee designated under subsection (b).
``Sec. 70912. Primary objectives of International Space Station program
    ``The primary objectives of the International Space Station program 
shall be--
            ``(1) to achieve the long term goal and objectives under 
        section 71512 of this title; and
            ``(2) to pursue a research program that advances knowledge 
        and provides other benefits to the Nation.''.
    (x) Revision of Section 71102.--Section 71102(1) of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``attaching a tracking 
device,'' and inserting ``attaching a tracking device to,''.
    (y) Enactment of Chapter 715.--Title 51, United States Code, is 
amended as follows:
            (1) Content.--Title 51, United States Code, is amended by 
        adding after chapter 713 the following:

           ``Chapter 715--HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT AND EXPLORATION

``SUBCHAPTER I--GENERAL PROVISIONS
``Sec.
``71501. Definitions.

``SUBCHAPTER II--POLICY, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES
``71511. Human space flight policy.
``71512. Goals and objectives.

``SUBCHAPTER III--EXPANSION OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT BEYOND THE 
    INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT
``71521. Space Launch System as follow-on launch vehicle to the space 
                            shuttle.
``71522. Multipurpose crew vehicle.
``71523. Utilization of existing workforce and assets in development of 
                            Space Launch System and multipurpose crew 
                            vehicle.
``71524. Launch support and infrastructure modernization program.
``71525. Development of technologies and in-space capabilities for 
                            beyond near-Earth space missions.

``SUBCHAPTER IV--SPACE SCIENCE
``71541. Technology development.
``71542. Suborbital research activities.
``71543. In-space servicing.
``71544. Ongoing restoration of radioisotope thermoelectric generator 
                            material production.
``71545. Coordinated approach for robotic missions.
``71546. Near-Earth object survey and policy with respect to threats 
                            posed.

                   ``Subchapter I--GENERAL PROVISIONS

``Sec. 71501. Definitions
    ``In this chapter:
            ``(1) Cis-lunar space.--The term `cis-lunar space' means 
        the region of space from the Earth out to and including the 
        region around the surface of the Moon.
            ``(2) Deep space.--The term `deep space' means the region 
        of space beyond cis-lunar space.
            ``(3) Near-earth space.--The term `near-Earth space' means 
        the region of space that includes low-Earth orbit and extends 
        out to and includes geo-synchronous orbit.
            ``(4) Space launch system.--The term `Space Launch System' 
        means the follow-on Government-owned civil launch system 
        developed, managed, and operated by the Administration to serve 
        as a key component to expand human presence beyond low-Earth 
        orbit.

             ``Subchapter II--POLICY, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES

``Sec. 71511. Human space flight policy
    ``(a) Use of Non-United States Human Space Flight Transportation 
Services.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Commercial provider.--The term `commercial 
                provider' means any person providing human space flight 
                transportation services, primary control of which is 
                held by persons other than the Federal Government, a 
                State or local government, or a foreign government.
                    ``(B) Qualified foreign entity.--The term 
                `qualified foreign entity' means a foreign entity that 
                is in compliance with all applicable safety standards 
                and is not prohibited from providing space 
                transportation services under other law.
                    ``(C) United states commercial provider.--The term 
                `United States commercial provider' means a commercial 
                provider, organized under the laws of the United States 
                or of a State, that is more than 50 percent owned by 
                United States nationals.
            ``(2) In general.--The Federal Government may not acquire 
        human space flight transportation services from a foreign 
        entity unless--
                    ``(A) no United States Government-operated human 
                space flight capability is available;
                    ``(B) no United States commercial provider is 
                available; and
                    ``(C) it is a qualified foreign entity.
            ``(3) Arrangements with foreign entities.--Nothing in this 
        subsection shall prevent the Administrator from negotiating or 
        entering into human space flight transportation arrangements 
        with foreign entities to ensure safety of flight and continued 
        International Space Station operations.
    ``(b) United States Human Space Flight Capabilities.--Congress 
reaffirms the policy stated in section 70501(a) of this title that the 
United States shall maintain an uninterrupted capability for human 
space flight and operations in low-Earth orbit, and beyond, as an 
essential instrument of national security and of the capacity to ensure 
continued United States participation and leadership in the exploration 
and utilization of space.
``Sec. 71512. Goals and objectives
    ``(a) Long-Term Goals.--The long-term goals of the human space 
flight and exploration efforts of the Administration shall be--
            ``(1) to expand permanent human presence beyond low-Earth 
        orbit and to do so, where practical, in a manner involving 
        international, academic, and industry partners;
            ``(2) crewed missions and progress toward achieving the 
        goal in paragraph (1) to enable the potential for subsequent 
        human exploration and the extension of human presence 
        throughout the solar system; and
            ``(3) to enable a capability to extend human presence, 
        including potential human habitation on another celestial body 
        and a thriving space economy in the 21st century.
    ``(b) Key Objectives.--The key objectives of the United States for 
human expansion into space shall be--
            ``(1) to sustain the capability for long-duration presence 
        in low-Earth orbit, initially through continuation of the 
        International Space Station and full utilization of the United 
        States segment of the International Space Station as a national 
        laboratory, and through assisting and enabling an expanded 
        commercial presence in, and access to, low-Earth orbit, as 
        elements of a low-Earth orbit infrastructure;
            ``(2) to determine whether humans can live for extended 
        periods in space with decreasing reliance on Earth, starting 
        with utilization of low-Earth orbit infrastructure, to--
                    ``(A) identify potential roles that space resources 
                such as energy and materials can play;
                    ``(B) meet national and global needs and challenges 
                such as potential cataclysmic threats; and
                    ``(C) explore the viability of and lay the 
                foundation for sustainable economic activities in 
                space;
            ``(3) to maximize the role that human exploration of space 
        can play in--
                    ``(A) advancing overall knowledge of the universe;
                    ``(B) supporting United States national and 
                economic security and the United States global 
                competitive posture; and
                    ``(C) inspiring young people in their educational 
                pursuits;
            ``(4) to build on the cooperative and mutually beneficial 
        framework established by the International Space Station 
        partnership agreements and experience in developing and 
        undertaking programs and meeting objectives designed to realize 
        the goal of human space flight set forth in subsection (a); and
            ``(5) to achieve human exploration of Mars and beyond 
        through the prioritization of those technologies and 
        capabilities best suited for such a mission in accordance with 
        the stepping stone approach to exploration under section 70504 
        of this title.

     ``Subchapter III--EXPANSION OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT BEYOND THE 
            INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT

``Sec. 71521. Space Launch System as follow-on launch vehicle to the 
              space shuttle
    ``(a) Policy.--It is the policy of the United States that the 
Administration develop a Space Launch System as a follow-on to the 
space shuttle that can access cis-lunar space and the regions of space 
beyond low-Earth orbit in order to enable the United States to 
participate in global efforts to access and develop that increasingly 
strategic region.
    ``(b) Initiation of Development.--
            ``(1) In general.--As soon as practicable after October 11, 
        2010, the Administrator shall initiate development of a Space 
        Launch System meeting the minimum capability requirements 
        specified in subsection (c).
            ``(2) Modification of current contracts.--In order to limit 
        the Administration's termination liability costs and support 
        critical capabilities, the Administrator shall, to the extent 
        practicable, extend or modify existing (as of October 11, 2010) 
        vehicle development and associated contracts necessary to meet 
        the requirement in paragraph (1), including contracts for 
        ground testing of solid rocket motors, if necessary, to ensure 
        their availability for development of the Space Launch System.
    ``(c) Minimum Capability Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Space Launch System developed 
        pursuant to subsection (b) shall be designed to have, at a 
        minimum, the following:
                    ``(A) The initial capability of the core elements, 
                without an upper stage, of lifting payloads weighing 
                between 70 and 100 tons into low-Earth orbit in 
                preparation for transit for missions beyond low-Earth 
                orbit.
                    ``(B) The capability to carry an integrated upper 
                Earth departure stage bringing the total lift 
                capability of the Space Launch System to 130 tons or 
                more.
                    ``(C) The capability to lift the multipurpose crew 
                vehicle.
                    ``(D) The capability to serve as a backup system 
                for supplying and supporting International Space 
                Station cargo delivery requirements or crew delivery 
                requirements not otherwise met by available commercial 
                or partner-supplied vehicles.
                    ``(E) The capacity for efficient and timely 
                evolution, including the incorporation of new 
                technologies, competition of sub-elements, and 
                commercial operations.
            ``(2) Flexibility.--The Space Launch System shall be 
        designed from inception as a fully integrated vehicle capable 
        of carrying a total payload of 130 tons or more into low-Earth 
        orbit in preparation for transit for missions beyond low-Earth 
        orbit. The Space Launch System shall, to the extent 
        practicable, incorporate capabilities for evolutionary growth 
        to carry heavier payloads. Developmental work and testing of 
        the core elements and the upper stage should proceed in 
        parallel subject to appropriations. Priority should be placed 
        on the core elements with the goal for operational capability 
        for the core elements not later than December 31, 2016.
            ``(3) Transition needs.--The Administrator shall ensure 
        that critical skills and capabilities are retained, modified, 
        and developed, as appropriate, in areas relating to solid and 
        liquid engines, large diameter fuel tanks, rocket propulsion, 
        and other ground test capabilities for an effective transition 
        to the follow-on Space Launch System.
``Sec. 71522. Multipurpose crew vehicle
    ``(a) Initiation of Development.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall continue the 
        development of a multipurpose crew vehicle to be available as 
        soon as practicable, and no later than for use with the Space 
        Launch System. The vehicle shall continue to advance 
        development of the human safety features, designs, and systems 
        in the Orion project.
            ``(2) Goal for operational capability.--It shall be the 
        goal to achieve full operational capability for the 
        transportation vehicle developed pursuant to this subsection by 
        not later than December 31, 2016. For purposes of meeting such 
        goal, the Administrator may undertake a test of the 
        transportation vehicle at the International Space Station 
        before that date.
    ``(b) Minimum Capability Requirements.--The multipurpose crew 
vehicle developed pursuant to subsection (a) shall be designed to have, 
at a minimum, the following:
            ``(1) The capability to serve as the primary crew vehicle 
        for missions beyond low-Earth orbit.
            ``(2) The capability to conduct regular in-space 
        operations, such as rendezvous, docking, and extra-vehicular 
        activities, in conjunction with payloads delivered by the Space 
        Launch System developed pursuant to section 71521 of this 
        title, or other vehicles, in preparation for missions beyond 
        low-Earth orbit or servicing of assets described in section 
        71543 of this title, or other assets in cis-lunar space.
            ``(3) The capability to provide an alternative means of 
        delivery of crew and cargo to the International Space Station, 
        in the event other vehicles, whether commercial vehicles or 
        partner-supplied vehicles, are unable to perform that function.
            ``(4) The capacity for efficient and timely evolution, 
        including the incorporation of new technologies, competition of 
        sub-elements, and commercial operations.
``Sec. 71523. Utilization of existing workforce and assets in 
              development of Space Launch System and multipurpose crew 
              vehicle
    ``(a) In General.--In developing the Space Launch System pursuant 
to section 71521 of this title and the multipurpose crew vehicle 
pursuant to section 71522 of this title, the Administrator shall, to 
the extent practicable, utilize--
            ``(1) existing (as of October 11, 2010) contracts, 
        investments, workforce, industrial base, and capabilities from 
        the space shuttle and Orion and Ares 1 projects, including--
                    ``(A) spacesuit development activities for 
                application to, and coordinated development of, a 
                multipurpose crew vehicle suit and associated life-
                support requirements with potential development of 
                standard Administration-certified suit and life support 
                systems for use in alternative commercially developed 
                crew transportation systems; and
                    ``(B) space shuttle-derived components and Ares 1 
                components that use existing (as of October 11, 2010) 
                United States propulsion systems, including liquid fuel 
                engines, external tank or tank-related capability, and 
                solid rocket motor engines; and
            ``(2) associated testing facilities in existence or under 
        construction as of October 11, 2010.
    ``(b) Discharge of Requirements.--In meeting the requirements of 
subsection (a), the Administrator--
            ``(1) shall, to the extent practicable, utilize ground-
        based manufacturing capability, ground testing activities, 
        launch and operations infrastructure, and workforce expertise;
            ``(2) shall, to the extent practicable, minimize the 
        modification and development of ground infrastructure and 
        maximize the utilization of existing (as of October 11, 2010) 
        software, vehicle, and mission operations processes;
            ``(3) shall complete construction and activation of the A-3 
        test stand with a completion goal of September 30, 2013;
            ``(4) may procure, develop, and flight test applicable 
        components; and
            ``(5) shall take appropriate actions to ensure timely and 
        cost-effective development of the Space Launch System and the 
        multipurpose crew vehicle, including the use of a procurement 
        approach that incorporates adequate and effective oversight, 
        the facilitation of contractor efficiencies, and the 
        streamlining of contract and procurement requirements.
    ``(c) Continuation of Contractor Support.--The Administrator may 
not terminate any contract that provides the system transitions 
necessary for shuttle-derived hardware to be used on the Space Launch 
System described in section 71521 of this title or the multipurpose 
crew vehicle described in section 71522 of this title.
``Sec. 71524. Launch support and infrastructure modernization program
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator shall carry out a program the 
primary purpose of which is to prepare infrastructure at the Kennedy 
Space Center that is needed to enable processing and launch of the 
Space Launch System. Vehicle interfaces and other ground processing and 
payload integration areas should be simplified to minimize overall 
costs, enhance safety, and complement the purpose of this section.
    ``(b) Elements.--The program required by this section shall 
include--
            ``(1) investments to improve civil and national security 
        operations at the Kennedy Space Center, to enhance the overall 
        capabilities of the Center, and to reduce the long-term cost of 
        operations and maintenance;
            ``(2) measures to provide multi-vehicle support, 
        improvements in payload processing, and partnering at the 
        Kennedy Space Center; and
            ``(3) other measures that the Administrator considers 
        appropriate, including investments to improve launch 
        infrastructure at Administration flight facilities scheduled to 
        launch cargo to the International Space Station under the 
        program to develop commercial cargo transportation 
        capabilities.
``Sec. 71525. Development of technologies and in-space capabilities for 
              beyond near-Earth space missions
    ``(a) Development Authorized.--The Administrator may initiate 
activities to develop the following:
            ``(1) Technologies identified as necessary elements of 
        missions beyond low-Earth orbit.
            ``(2) In-space capabilities such as refueling and storage 
        technology, orbital transfer stages, innovative in-space 
        propulsion technology, communications, and data management that 
        facilitate a broad range of users (including military and 
        commercial).
            ``(3) Applications defining the architecture and design of 
        missions beyond low-Earth orbit.
            ``(4) Spacesuit development and associated life support 
        technology.
            ``(5) Flagship missions.
    ``(b) Investments.--In developing technologies and capabilities 
under subsection (a), the Administrator may make investments in--
            ``(1) space technologies such as advanced propulsion, 
        propellant depots, in situ resource utilization, and robotic 
        payloads or capabilities that enable human missions beyond low-
        Earth orbit ultimately leading to Mars;
            ``(2) a space-based transfer vehicle including technologies 
        described in paragraph (1) with an ability to conduct space-
        based operations that provide capabilities--
                    ``(A) to integrate with the Space Launch System and 
                other space-based systems;
                    ``(B) to provide opportunities for in-space 
                servicing of and delivery to multiple space-based 
                platforms; and
                    ``(C) to facilitate international efforts to expand 
                human presence to deep space destinations;
            ``(3) advanced life support technologies and capabilities;
            ``(4) technologies and capabilities relating to in-space 
        power, propulsion, and energy systems;
            ``(5) technologies and capabilities relating to in-space 
        propellant transfer and storage;
            ``(6) technologies and capabilities relating to in situ 
        resource utilization; and
            ``(7) expanded research to understand the greatest 
        biological impediments to human deep space missions, especially 
        the radiation challenge.
    ``(c) Utilization of International Space Station as Testbed.--The 
Administrator may utilize the International Space Station as a testbed 
for any technology or capability developed under subsection (a) in a 
manner consistent with sections 70908 through 70911 of this title.
    ``(d) Coordination.--The Administrator shall coordinate development 
of technologies and capabilities under this section through an overall 
Administration technology approach consistent with the plan required by 
section 905 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267, 124 Stat. 2836), which 
outlines how the Administration's space technology program will meet 
the goal described in section 40903 of this title, including an 
explanation of how the plan will link to other mission-directorate 
technology efforts.

                     ``Subchapter IV--SPACE SCIENCE

``Sec. 71541. Technology development
    ``The Administrator shall ensure that the Science Mission 
Directorate maintains a long-term technology development program for 
space and Earth science. That effort should be coordinated with an 
overall Administration technology investment approach consistent with 
the plan required by section 905 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267, 124 Stat. 
2836), which outlines how the Administration's space technology program 
will meet the goal described in section 40903 of this title, including 
an explanation of how the plan will link to other mission-directorate 
technology efforts.
``Sec. 71542. Suborbital research activities
    ``(a) Management.--The Administrator shall designate an officer or 
employee of the Science Mission Directorate to act as the responsible 
official for all Suborbital Research in the Science Mission 
Directorate. The designee shall be responsible for--
            ``(1) the development of short- and long-term strategic 
        plans for maintaining, renewing, and extending suborbital 
        facilities and capabilities;
            ``(2) monitoring progress toward goals in the plans; and
            ``(3) integration of suborbital activities and workforce 
        development within the Administration, thereby ensuring the 
        long-term recognition of their combined value to the 
        Directorate, to the Administration, and to the Nation.
    ``(b) Establishment of Suborbital Research Program.--The 
Administrator shall establish a Suborbital Research Program within the 
Science Mission Directorate that shall include the use of sounding 
rockets, aircraft, high altitude balloons, suborbital reusable launch 
vehicles, and commercial launch vehicles to advance science and train 
the next generation of scientists and engineers in systems engineering 
and systems integration, which are vital to maintaining critical skills 
in the aerospace workforce. The program shall integrate existing (as of 
October 11, 2010) suborbital research programs with orbital missions at 
the discretion of the designated officer or employee and shall 
emphasize the participation of undergraduate and graduate students and 
post-doctoral researchers when formulating announcements of 
opportunity.
    ``(c) Annual Report.--The Administrator shall report annually to 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives on the number and type of suborbital missions conducted 
in each fiscal year under this section and the number of undergraduate 
and graduate students that participated in the missions.
``Sec. 71543. In-space servicing
    ``The Administrator shall continue to take all necessary steps to 
ensure that provisions are made for robotic or human in-space servicing 
and repair of all future observatory-class scientific spacecraft 
intended to be deployed in Earth-orbit or at a Lagrangian point to the 
extent practicable and appropriate. The Administrator should ensure 
that Administration investments and future capabilities for space 
technology, robotics, and human space flight take the ability to 
service and repair observatory-class scientific spacecraft into 
account, as appropriate, and incorporate those capabilities into design 
and operational plans.
``Sec. 71544. Ongoing restoration of radioisotope thermoelectric 
              generator material production
    ``The Administrator shall, in coordination with the Secretary of 
Energy, pursue a joint approach beginning in fiscal year 2011 toward 
restarting and sustaining the domestic production of radioisotope 
thermoelectric generator material for deep space and other science and 
exploration missions. Funds authorized by the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267, 124 
Stat. 2805) for the Administration shall be made available under a 
reimbursable agreement with the Department of Energy for the purpose of 
reestablishing facilities to produce fuel required for radioisotope 
thermoelectric generators to enable future missions.
``Sec. 71545. Coordinated approach for robotic missions
    ``The Administrator shall ensure that the Exploration Systems 
Mission Directorate and the Space Operations Mission Directorate 
coordinate with the Science Mission Directorate on an overall approach 
and plan for interagency and international collaboration on robotic 
missions that are developed by the Administration or internationally 
developed, including lunar, Lagrangian, near-Earth orbit, and Mars 
spacecraft, such as the International Lunar Network.
``Sec. 71546. Near-Earth object survey and policy with respect to 
              threats posed
    ``(a) Policy Reaffirmation.--Congress reaffirms the policy set 
forth in section 20102(g) of this title relating to surveying near-
Earth asteroids and comets.
    ``(b) Implementation.--Consistent with section 71103 of this title, 
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
implement, before September 30, 2012, a policy for notifying Federal 
agencies and relevant emergency response institutions of an impending 
near-Earth object threat if near-term public safety is at risk, and 
assign a Federal agency or agencies to be responsible for protecting 
the United States and working with the international community on such 
threats.''.
            (2) Chapter heading typeface.--The chapter heading of 
        chapter 715 of title 51, United States Code, as added by 
        paragraph (1), is amended so that the typeface of that chapter 
        heading conforms to the typeface of other chapter headings in 
        title 51, United States Code.
            (3) Chapter table of contents typeface.--The chapter table 
        of contents of chapter 715 of title 51, United States Code, as 
        added by paragraph (1), is amended so that the typeface of the 
        subchapter headings and the typeface of the subchapter items 
        conform to those appearing in other chapter table of contents 
        of title 51.
            (4) Subchapter heading typeface.--The subchapter headings 
        for subchapters I through IV of chapter 715 of title 51, United 
        States Code, as added by paragraph (1), are amended so that the 
        typeface of those subchapter headings conforms to the typeface 
        of subchapter headings in other chapters of title 51, United 
        States Code.
    (z) Enactment of Chapter 717.--Title 51, United States Code, is 
amended as follows:
            (1) Content.--Title 51, United States Code, as amended by 
        subsection (y), is amended by adding after chapter 715 the 
        following:

            ``Chapter 717--ADVANCING HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION

``SUBCHAPTER I--GENERAL PROVISIONS
``Sec.
``71701. Definitions.

``SUBCHAPTER II--ADVANCING HUMAN DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

                ``Part A--Assuring Core Capabilities for 
                    Exploration
``71711. Space launch system, Orion, and exploration ground systems.

                ``Part B--Journey to Mars
``71721. Human exploration roadmap.

``SUBCHAPTER III--ADVANCING SPACE SCIENCE
``71731. Policy on maintaining balanced space science portfolio.
``71732. Mission priorities for planetary science.
``71733. Extrasolar planet exploration strategy.
``71734. Astrobiology strategy.
``71735. Collaboration.

``SUBCHAPTER IV--SPACE TECHNOLOGY
``71741. Space technology infusion.
``71742. Space technology program.

``SUBCHAPTER V--MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY

                ``Part A--Administration Information Technology 
                    and Cybersecurity
``71751. Information technology governance.
``71752. Information technology strategic plan.
``71753. Information security plan for cybersecurity.

                ``Part B--Collaboration Among Mission 
                    Directorates and Other Matters
``71761. Collaboration among mission directorates.
``71762. Administration launch capabilities collaboration.
``71763. Education and outreach.
``71764. Leveraging commercial satellite servicing capabilities across 
                            mission directorates.
``71765. Flight opportunities.
``71766. Space Act Agreements.

                   ``Subchapter I--GENERAL PROVISIONS

``Sec. 71701. Definitions
    ``In this chapter:
            ``(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology of the House of Representatives.
            ``(2) Cis-lunar space.--The term `cis-lunar space' means 
        the region of space from the Earth out to and including the 
        region around the surface of the Moon.
            ``(3) Deep space.--The term `deep space' means the region 
        of space beyond low-Earth orbit, to include cis-lunar space.
            ``(4) Orion.--The term `Orion' means the multipurpose crew 
        vehicle described under section 71522 of this title.
            ``(5) Space launch system.--The term `Space Launch System' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 71501 of this title.

        ``Subchapter II--ADVANCING HUMAN DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

          ``Part A--Assuring Core Capabilities for Exploration

``Sec. 71711. Space launch system, Orion, and exploration ground 
              systems
    ``(a) Reaffirmation.--Congress reaffirms the policy and minimum 
capability requirements for the Space Launch System under section 71521 
of this title.
    ``(b) Continued Development of Fully Integrated Space Launch 
System.--The Administrator shall continue the development of the fully 
integrated Space Launch System, including an upper stage needed to go 
beyond low-Earth orbit, in order to safely enable human space 
exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond over the course of the next 
century as required in section 71521(c) of this title.
    ``(c) Exploration Missions.--The Administrator shall continue 
development of--
            ``(1) an uncrewed exploration mission to demonstrate the 
        capability of both the Space Launch System and Orion as an 
        integrated system by 2018;
            ``(2) subject to applicable human rating processes and 
        requirements, a crewed exploration mission to demonstrate the 
        Space Launch System, including the Core Stage and Exploration 
        Upper Stages, by 2021;
            ``(3) subsequent missions beginning with Artemis III at 
        operational flight rate sufficient to maintain safety and 
        operational readiness using the Space Launch System and Orion 
        to extend into cis-lunar space and eventually to Mars; and
            ``(4) a deep space habitat as a key element in a deep space 
        exploration architecture along with the Space Launch System and 
        Orion.
    ``(d) Other Uses.--The Administrator shall assess the utility of 
the Space Launch System for use by the science community and for other 
Federal Government launch needs, including consideration of overall 
cost and schedule savings from reduced transit times and increased 
science returns enabled by the unique capabilities of the Space Launch 
System.

                       ``Part B--Journey to Mars

``Sec. 71721. Human exploration roadmap
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator shall develop a human 
exploration roadmap, including a critical decision plan, to expand 
human presence beyond low-Earth orbit to the surface of Mars and 
beyond, considering potential interim destinations such as cis-lunar 
space and the moons of Mars.
    ``(b) Scope.--The human exploration roadmap shall include--
            ``(1) an integrated set of exploration, science, and other 
        goals and objectives of a United States human space exploration 
        program to achieve the long-term goal of human missions near or 
        on the surface of Mars in the 2030s;
            ``(2) opportunities for international, academic, and 
        industry partnerships for exploration-related systems, 
        services, research, and technology if those opportunities 
        provide cost-savings, accelerate program schedules, or 
        otherwise benefit the goals and objectives developed under 
        paragraph (1);
            ``(3) sets and sequences of precursor missions in cis-lunar 
        space and other missions or activities necessary--
                    ``(A) to demonstrate the proficiency of the 
                capabilities and technologies identified under 
                paragraph (4); and
                    ``(B) to meet the goals and objectives developed 
                under paragraph (1), including anticipated timelines 
                and missions for the Space Launch System and Orion;
            ``(4) an identification of the specific capabilities and 
        technologies, including the Space Launch System, Orion, a deep 
        space habitat, and other capabilities, that facilitate the 
        goals and objectives developed under paragraph (1);
            ``(5) a description of how cis-lunar elements, objectives, 
        and activities advance the human exploration of Mars;
            ``(6) an assessment of potential human health and other 
        risks, including radiation exposure;
            ``(7) mitigation plans, whenever possible, to address the 
        risks identified in paragraph (6);
            ``(8) a description of those technologies already under 
        development across the Federal Government or by other entities 
        that facilitate the goals and objectives developed under 
        paragraph (1);
            ``(9) a specific process for the evolution of the 
        capabilities of the fully integrated Orion with the Space 
        Launch System and a description of how these systems facilitate 
        the goals and objectives developed under paragraph (1) and 
        demonstrate the capabilities and technologies described in 
        paragraph (4);
            ``(10) a description of the capabilities and technologies 
        that need to be demonstrated or research data that could be 
        gained through the utilization of the International Space 
        Station and the status of the development of such capabilities 
        and technologies;
            ``(11) a framework for international cooperation in the 
        development of all capabilities and technologies identified 
        under this section, including an assessment of the risks posed 
        by relying on international partners for capabilities and 
        technologies on the critical path of development;
            ``(12) a process for partnering with nongovernmental 
        entities using Space Act Agreements or other acquisition 
        instruments for future human space exploration; and
            ``(13) information on the phasing of planned intermediate 
        destinations, Mars mission risk areas and potential risk 
        mitigation approaches, technology requirements and phasing of 
        required technology development activities, the management 
        strategy to be followed, related International Space Station 
        activities, planned international collaborative activities, 
        potential commercial contributions, and other activities 
        relevant to the achievement of the goal established in this 
        section.
    ``(c) Considerations.--In developing the human exploration roadmap, 
the Administrator shall consider--
            ``(1) using key exploration capabilities, namely the Space 
        Launch System and Orion;
            ``(2) using existing commercially available technologies 
        and capabilities or those technologies and capabilities being 
        developed by industry for commercial purposes;
            ``(3) establishing an organizational approach to ensure 
        collaboration and coordination among the Administration's 
        mission directorates under section 71761 of this title, when 
        appropriate, including to collect and return to Earth a sample 
        from the Martian surface;
            ``(4) building upon the initial uncrewed mission, Artemis 
        I, and first crewed mission, Artemis II, of the Space Launch 
        System and Orion to establish a sustainable cadence of missions 
        extending human exploration missions into cis-lunar space, 
        including anticipated timelines and milestones;
            ``(5) developing the robotic and precursor missions and 
        activities that will demonstrate, test, and develop key 
        technologies and capabilities essential for achieving human 
        missions to Mars, including long-duration human operations 
        beyond low-Earth orbit, space suits, solar electric propulsion, 
        deep space habitats, environmental control life support 
        systems, Mars lander and ascent vehicle, entry, descent, 
        landing, ascent, Mars surface systems, and in-situ resource 
        utilization;
            ``(6) demonstrating and testing 1 or more habitat modules 
        in cis-lunar space to prepare for Mars missions;
            ``(7) using public-private, firm fixed-price partnerships, 
        where practicable;
            ``(8) collaborating with international, academic, and 
        industry partners, when appropriate;
            ``(9) any risks to human health and sensitive onboard 
        technologies, including radiation exposure;
            ``(10) any risks identified through research outcomes under 
        the Administration Human Research Program's Behavioral Health 
        Element; and
            ``(11) the recommendations and ideas of several 
        independently developed reports or concepts that describe 
        potential Mars architectures or concepts and identify Mars as 
        the long-term goal for human space exploration, including the 
        reports described under section 431 of the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017 
        (Public Law 115-10, 131 Stat. 38).
    ``(d) Critical Decision Plan on Human Space Exploration.--As part 
of the human exploration roadmap, the Administrator shall include a 
critical decision plan--
            ``(1) identifying and defining key decisions guiding human 
        space exploration priorities and plans that need to be made 
        before June 30, 2020, including decisions that may guide human 
        space exploration capability development, precursor missions, 
        long-term missions, and activities;
            ``(2) defining decisions needed to maximize efficiencies 
        and resources for reaching the near-, intermediate-, and long-
        term goals and objectives of human space exploration; and
            ``(3) identifying and defining timelines and milestones for 
        a sustainable cadence of missions beginning with Artemis III 
        for the Space Launch System and Orion to extend human 
        exploration from cis-lunar space to the surface of Mars.
    ``(e) Reports.--
            ``(1) Initial human exploration roadmap.--The Administrator 
        shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress--
                    ``(A) an initial human exploration roadmap, 
                including a critical decision plan, before December 1, 
                2017; and
                    ``(B) an updated human exploration roadmap 
                periodically as the Administrator considers necessary 
                but not less than biennially.
            ``(2) Contents.--Each human exploration roadmap under this 
        subsection shall include a description of--
                    ``(A) the achievements and goals accomplished in 
                the process of developing capabilities and technologies 
                described in this section during the 2-year period 
                prior to the submission of the human exploration 
                roadmap; and
                    ``(B) the expected goals and achievements in the 
                following 2-year period.
            ``(3) Submission with budget.--Each human exploration 
        roadmap under this section shall be included in the budget for 
        that fiscal year transmitted to Congress under section 1105(a) 
        of title 31.

               ``Subchapter III--ADVANCING SPACE SCIENCE

``Sec. 71731. Policy on maintaining balanced space science portfolio
    ``It is the policy of the United States to ensure, to the extent 
practicable, a steady cadence of large, medium, and small science 
missions.
``Sec. 71732. Mission priorities for planetary science
    ``(a) In General.--In accordance with the priorities established in 
the most recent Planetary Science Decadal Survey, the Administrator 
shall ensure, to the greatest extent practicable, the completion of a 
balanced set of Discovery, New Frontiers, and Flagship missions at the 
cadence recommended by the most recent Planetary Science Decadal 
Survey.
    ``(b) Mission Priority Adjustments.--Consistent with the set of 
missions described in subsection (a), and while maintaining the 
continuity of scientific data and steady development of capabilities 
and technologies, the Administrator may seek, if necessary, adjustments 
to mission priorities, schedule, and scope in light of changing budget 
projections.
``Sec. 71733. Extrasolar planet exploration strategy
    ``(a) Strategy.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall enter into an 
        arrangement with the National Academies to develop a science 
        strategy for the study and exploration of extrasolar planets, 
        including the use of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, 
        the James Webb Space Telescope, a potential Wide-Field Infrared 
        Survey Telescope mission, or any other telescope, spacecraft, 
        or instrument, as appropriate.
            ``(2) Requirements.--The strategy shall--
                    ``(A) outline key scientific questions;
                    ``(B) identify the most promising research in the 
                field;
                    ``(C) indicate the extent to which the mission 
                priorities in existing decadal surveys address the key 
                extrasolar planet research and exploration goals;
                    ``(D) identify opportunities for coordination with 
                international partners, commercial partners, and not-
                for-profit partners; and
                    ``(E) make recommendations regarding the activities 
                under subparagraphs (A) through (D), as appropriate.
    ``(b) Use of Strategy.--The Administrator shall use the strategy--
            ``(1) to inform roadmaps, strategic plans, and other 
        activities of the Administration as they relate to extrasolar 
        planet research and exploration; and
            ``(2) to provide a foundation for future activities and 
        initiatives related to extrasolar planet research and 
        exploration.
    ``(c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after March 21, 
2017, the National Academies shall submit to the Administrator and to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the strategy 
developed under subsection (a).
``Sec. 71734. Astrobiology strategy
    ``(a) Strategy.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall enter into an 
        arrangement with the National Academies to develop a science 
        strategy for astrobiology that would outline key scientific 
        questions, identify the most promising research in the field, 
        and indicate the extent to which the mission priorities in 
        existing decadal surveys address the search for life's origin, 
        evolution, distribution, and future in the universe.
            ``(2) Recommendations.--The strategy shall include 
        recommendations for coordination with international partners.
    ``(b) Use of Strategy.--The Administrator shall use the strategy 
developed under subsection (a) in planning and funding research and 
other activities and initiatives in the field of astrobiology.
    ``(c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after March 21, 
2017, the National Academies shall submit to the Administrator and to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the strategy 
developed under subsection (a).
``Sec. 71735. Collaboration
    ``The Administration shall continue to develop first-of-a-kind 
instruments that, once proved, can be transitioned to other agencies 
for operations. Whenever responsibilities for the development of 
sensors or for measurements are transferred to the Administration from 
another agency, the Administration shall seek, to the extent possible, 
to be reimbursed for the assumption of such responsibilities.

                   ``Subchapter IV--SPACE TECHNOLOGY

``Sec. 71741. Space technology infusion
    ``(a) Policy.--It is the policy of the United States that the 
Administrator shall develop technologies to support the 
Administration's core missions, as described in section 2(3) of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
(Public Law 111-267, 124 Stat. 2807), and support sustained investments 
in early stage innovation, fundamental research, and technologies to 
expand the boundaries of the national aerospace enterprise.
    ``(b) Propulsion Technologies.--A goal of propulsion technologies 
developed under subsection (a) shall be to significantly reduce human 
travel time to Mars.
``Sec. 71742. Space technology program
    ``(a) Space Technology Program Authorized.--The Administrator shall 
conduct a space technology program (referred to in this section as the 
`Program') to research and develop advanced space technologies that 
could deliver innovative solutions across the Administration's space 
exploration and science missions.
    ``(b) Considerations.--In conducting the Program, the Administrator 
shall consider--
            ``(1) the recommendations of the National Academies' review 
        of the Administration's Space Technology roadmaps and 
        priorities; and
            ``(2) the applicable enabling aspects of the stepping stone 
        approach to exploration under section 70504 of this title.
    ``(c) Requirements.--In conducting the Program, the Administrator 
shall--
            ``(1) to the extent practicable, use a competitive process 
        to select research and development projects;
            ``(2) to the extent practicable and appropriate, use small 
        satellites and the Administration's suborbital and ground-based 
        platforms to demonstrate space technology concepts and 
        developments; and
            ``(3) as appropriate, partner with other Federal agencies, 
        universities, private industry, and foreign countries.
    ``(d) Small Business Programs.--The Administrator shall organize 
and manage the Administration's Small Business Innovation Research 
Program and Small Business Technology Transfer Program within the 
Program.
    ``(e) Nonduplication Certification.--The Administrator shall submit 
a budget for each fiscal year, as transmitted to Congress under section 
1105(a) of title 31, that avoids duplication of projects, programs, or 
missions conducted by the Program with other projects, programs, or 
missions conducted by another office or directorate of the 
Administration.
    ``(f) Collaboration, Coordination, and Alignment.--The 
Administrator shall--
            ``(1) ensure that the Administration's projects, programs, 
        and activities in support of technology research and 
        development of advanced space technologies are fully 
        coordinated and aligned;
            ``(2) ensure that the results of the projects, programs, 
        and activities under paragraph (1) are shared and leveraged 
        within the Administration; and
            ``(3) ensure that the organizational responsibility for 
        research and development activities in support of human space 
        exploration not initiated as of March 21, 2017, is established 
        on the basis of a sound rationale.
    ``(g) Annual Report.--The Administrator shall include in the 
Administration's annual budget request for each fiscal year the 
rationale for assigning organizational responsibility for, in the year 
prior to the budget fiscal year, each initiated project, program, and 
mission focused on research and development of advanced technologies 
for human space exploration.

                 ``Subchapter V--MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY

   ``Part A--Administration Information Technology and Cybersecurity

``Sec. 71751. Information technology governance
    ``The Administrator shall, in a manner that reflects the unique 
nature of the Administration's mission and expertise--
            ``(1) ensure the Administration Chief Information Officer, 
        mission directorates, and centers have appropriate roles in the 
        management, governance, and oversight processes related to 
        information technology operations and investments and 
        information security programs for the protection of 
        Administration systems;
            ``(2) ensure the Administration Chief Information Officer 
        has the appropriate resources and insight to oversee 
        Administration information technology and information security 
        operations and investments;
            ``(3) provide an information technology program management 
        framework to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of 
        information technology investments, including relying on 
        metrics for identifying and reducing potential duplication, 
        waste, and cost;
            ``(4) improve the operational linkage between the 
        Administration Chief Information Officer and each 
        Administration mission directorate, center, and mission support 
        office to ensure both Administration and mission needs are 
        considered in Administration-wide information technology and 
        information security management and oversight;
            ``(5) review the portfolio of information technology 
        investments and spending, including information technology-
        related investments included as part of activities within 
        Administration mission directorates that may not be considered 
        information technology, to ensure investments are recognized 
        and reported appropriately based on guidance from the Office of 
        Management and Budget;
            ``(6) consider appropriate revisions to the charters of 
        information technology boards and councils that inform 
        information technology investment and operation decisions; and
            ``(7) consider whether the Administration Chief Information 
        Officer should have a seat on any boards or councils described 
        in paragraph (6).
``Sec. 71752. Information technology strategic plan
    ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the Administrator 
shall develop an information technology strategic plan to guide 
Administration information technology management and strategic 
objectives.
    ``(b) Requirements.--In developing the strategic plan, the 
Administrator shall ensure that the strategic plan addresses--
            ``(1) the deadline under section 306(a) of title 5; and
            ``(2) the requirements under section 3506 of title 44.
    ``(c) Contents.--The strategic plan shall address, in a manner that 
reflects the unique nature of the Administration's mission and 
expertise--
            ``(1) near- and long-term goals and objectives for 
        leveraging information technology;
            ``(2) a plan for how the Administration will submit to 
        Congress a list of information technology projects, including 
        completion dates and risk levels in accordance with guidance 
        from the Office of Management and Budget;
            ``(3) an implementation overview for an Administration-wide 
        approach to information technology investments and operations, 
        including reducing barriers to cross-center collaboration;
            ``(4) coordination by the Administration Chief Information 
        Officer with centers and mission directorates to ensure that 
        information technology policies are effectively and efficiently 
        implemented across the Administration;
            ``(5) a plan to increase the efficiency and effectiveness 
        of information technology investments, including a description 
        of how unnecessarily duplicative, wasteful, legacy, or outdated 
        information technology across the Administration will be 
        identified and eliminated, and a schedule for the 
        identification and elimination of such information technology;
            ``(6) a plan for improving the information security of 
        Administration information and Administration information 
        systems, including improving security control assessments and 
        role-based security training of employees; and
            ``(7) submission by the Administration to Congress of 
        information regarding high risk projects and cybersecurity 
        risks.
    ``(d) Congressional Oversight.--The Administrator shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress the strategic plan under 
subsection (a) and any updates to the strategic plan.
``Sec. 71753. Information security plan for cybersecurity
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after March 21, 2017, the 
Administrator shall implement the information security plan developed 
under subsection (b) and take such further actions as the Administrator 
considers necessary to improve the information security system in 
accordance with this section.
    ``(b) Information Security Plan.--Subject to subsections (c) and 
(d), the Administrator shall develop an Administration-wide information 
security plan to enhance information security for Administration 
information and information infrastructure.
    ``(c) Requirements.--In developing the plan under subsection (b), 
the Administrator shall ensure that the plan--
            ``(1) reflects the unique nature of the Administration's 
        mission and expertise;
            ``(2) is informed by policies, standards, guidelines, and 
        directives on information security required for Federal 
        agencies;
            ``(3) is consistent with the standards and guidelines under 
        section 11331 of title 40; and
            ``(4) meets applicable National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology information security standards and guidelines.
    ``(d) Contents.--The plan shall address--
            ``(1) an overview of the requirements of the information 
        security system;
            ``(2) an Administration-wide risk management framework for 
        information security;
            ``(3) a description of the information security system 
        management controls and common controls that are necessary to 
        ensure compliance with information security-related 
        requirements;
            ``(4) an identification and assignment of roles, 
        responsibilities, and management commitment for information 
        security at the Administration;
            ``(5) coordination among organizational entities, including 
        between each center, facility, mission directorate, and mission 
        support office, and among Administration entities responsible 
        for different aspects of information security;
            ``(6) the need to protect the information security of 
        mission-critical systems and activities and high-impact and 
        moderate-impact information systems; and
            ``(7) a schedule of frequent reviews and updates, as 
        necessary, of the plan.

  ``Part B--Collaboration Among Mission Directorates and Other Matters

``Sec. 71761. Collaboration among mission directorates
    ``The Administrator shall encourage an interdisciplinary approach 
among all Administration mission directorates and divisions, whenever 
appropriate, for projects or missions--
            ``(1) to improve coordination, and encourage collaboration 
        and early planning on scope;
            ``(2) to determine areas of overlap or alignment;
            ``(3) to find ways to leverage across divisional 
        perspectives to maximize outcomes; and
            ``(4) to be more efficient with resources and funds.
``Sec. 71762. Administration launch capabilities collaboration
    ``The Administrator shall pursue a strategy for acquisition of 
crewed transportation services and non-crewed launch services that 
continues to enhance communication, collaboration, and coordination 
between the Launch Services Program and the Commercial Crew Program.
``Sec. 71763. Education and outreach
    ``The Administrator shall continue engagement with the public and 
education opportunities for students via all the Administration's 
mission directorates to the maximum extent practicable.
``Sec. 71764. Leveraging commercial satellite servicing capabilities 
              across mission directorates
    ``The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) identify orbital assets in both the Science Mission 
        Directorate and the Human Exploration and Operations Mission 
        Directorate that could benefit from satellite servicing-related 
        technologies; and
            ``(2) work across all Administration mission directorates 
        to evaluate opportunities for the private sector to perform 
        such services or advance technical capabilities by leveraging 
        the technologies and techniques developed by Administration 
        programs and other industry programs.
``Sec. 71765. Flight opportunities
    ``(a) Development of Payloads.--
            ``(1) In general.--In order to conduct necessary research, 
        the Administrator shall continue and, as the Administrator 
        considers appropriate, expand the development of technology 
        payloads for--
                    ``(A) scientific research; and
                    ``(B) investigating new or improved capabilities.
            ``(2) Funds.--For the purpose of carrying out paragraph 
        (1), the Administrator shall make funds available for--
                    ``(A) flight testing;
                    ``(B) payload development; and
                    ``(C) hardware related to subparagraphs (A) and 
                (B).
    ``(b) Reaffirmation of Policy.--Congress reaffirms that the 
Administrator should provide flight opportunities for payloads to 
microgravity environments and suborbital altitudes as authorized by 
section 40905 of this title.
``Sec. 71766. Space Act Agreements
    ``(a) Funded Space Act Agreements.--To the extent appropriate, the 
Administrator shall seek to maximize the value of contributions 
provided by other parties under a funded Space Act Agreement in order 
to advance the Administration's mission.
    ``(b) Non-Exclusivity.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall, to the greatest 
        extent practicable, issue each Space Act Agreement--
                    ``(A) except as provided in paragraph (2), on a 
                nonexclusive basis;
                    ``(B) in a manner that ensures all non-government 
                parties have equal access to Administration resources; 
                and
                    ``(C) exercising reasonable care not to reveal 
                unique or proprietary information.
            ``(2) Exclusivity.--If the Administrator determines an 
        exclusive arrangement is necessary, the Administrator shall, to 
        the greatest extent practicable, issue the Space Act 
        Agreement--
                    ``(A) utilizing a competitive selection process 
                when exclusive arrangements are necessary; and
                    ``(B) pursuant to public announcements when 
                exclusive arrangements are necessary.
    ``(c) Transparency.--The Administrator shall publicly disclose on 
the Administration's website and make available in a searchable format 
each Space Act Agreement, including an estimate of committed 
Administration resources and the expected benefits to Administration 
objectives for each agreement, with appropriate redactions for 
proprietary, sensitive, or classified information, not later than 60 
days after such agreement is signed by the parties.
    ``(d) Annual Reports.--
            ``(1) Requirement.--Not later than 90 days after the end of 
        each fiscal year, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the use of Space 
        Act Agreement authority by the Administration during the 
        previous fiscal year.
            ``(2) Contents.--The report shall include for each Space 
        Act Agreement in effect at the time of the report--
                    ``(A) an indication of whether the agreement is a 
                reimbursable, non-reimbursable, or funded Space Act 
                Agreement;
                    ``(B) a description of--
                            ``(i) the subject and terms;
                            ``(ii) the parties;
                            ``(iii) the responsible--
                                    ``(I) mission directorate;
                                    ``(II) center; or
                                    ``(III) headquarters element;
                            ``(iv) the value;
                            ``(v) the extent of the cost sharing among 
                        Federal Government and non-Federal sources;
                            ``(vi) the time period or schedule; and
                            ``(vii) all milestones; and
                    ``(C) an indication of whether the agreement was 
                renewed during the previous fiscal year.
            ``(3) Anticipated agreements.--The report shall include a 
        list of all anticipated reimbursable, non-reimbursable, and 
        funded Space Act Agreements for the upcoming fiscal year.
            ``(4) Cumulative program benefits.--The report shall 
        include, with respect to each Space Act Agreement covered by 
        the report, a summary of--
                    ``(A) the technology areas in which research 
                projects were conducted under that agreement;
                    ``(B) the extent to which the use of that 
                agreement--
                            ``(i) has contributed to a broadening of 
                        the technology and industrial base available 
                        for meeting Administration needs; and
                            ``(ii) has fostered within the technology 
                        and industrial base new relationships and 
                        practices that support the United States; and
                    ``(C) the total amount of value received by the 
                Federal Government during the fiscal year under that 
                agreement.''.
            (2) Chapter heading typeface.--The chapter heading of 
        chapter 717 of title 51, United States Code, as added by 
        paragraph (1), is amended so that the typeface of that chapter 
        heading conforms to the typeface of other chapter headings in 
        title 51, United States Code.
            (3) Chapter table of contents typeface.--The chapter table 
        of contents of chapter 717 of title 51, United States Code, as 
        added by paragraph (1), is amended so that the typeface of the 
        subchapter headings and the typeface of the subchapter items 
        conform to those appearing in other chapter table of contents 
        of title 51.
            (4) Subchapter heading typeface.--The subchapter headings 
        for subchapters I through V of chapter 717 of title 51, United 
        States Code, as added by paragraph (1), are amended so that the 
        typeface of those subchapter headings conforms to the typeface 
        of subchapter headings in other chapters of title 51, United 
        States Code.
    (aa) Committee Name Change.--
            (1) Section 20117(1) of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by striking ``Committee on Science and Technology'' and 
        inserting ``Committee on Science, Space, and Technology''.
            (2) Section 311 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Authorization Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-391, 
        51 U.S.C. 20143 note) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Committee on 
                Science'' and inserting ``Committee on Science, Space, 
                and Technology''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Committees on 
                Science and Appropriations'' and inserting ``Committee 
                on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on 
                Appropriations''.
            (3) Section 30303(b) of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by striking ``Committee on Science and Technology'' and 
        inserting ``Committee on Science, Space, and Technology''.
            (4) Section 30305(c) (matter before paragraph (1)) of title 
        51, United States Code, is amended by striking ``Committee on 
        Science and Technology'' and inserting ``Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology''.
            (5) Section 203(b) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization 
        Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-358, 51 U.S.C. note prec. 30501) is 
        amended by striking ``Committee on Science and Technology'' and 
        inserting ``Committee on Science, Space, and Technology''.
            (6) Section 30501(a) of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended by striking ``Committee on Science and Technology'' and 
        inserting ``Committee on Science, Space, and Technology''.
            (7) Section 30502 of title 51, United States Code, is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Committee on 
                Science and Technology'' and inserting ``Committee on 
                Science, Space, and Technology''; and
                    (B) in subsection (d) (matter before paragraph 
                (1)), by striking ``Committee on Science and 
                Technology'' and inserting ``Committee on Science, 
                Space, and Technology''.
            (8) Section 30503(c) (matter before paragraph (1)) of title 
        51, United States Code, is amended by striking ``Committee on 
        Science and Technology'' and inserting ``Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology''.
            (9) Section 102 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155, 
        51 U.S.C. note prec. 49901 (formerly 40901)) is amended by 
        striking ``Committee on Science'' and inserting ``Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology'' in the following provisions:
                    (A) Subsection (a)(2)(A).
                    (B) Subsection (a)(2)(B).
                    (C) Subsection (b) (matter before paragraph (1)).
                    (D) Subsection (c)(3).
                    (E) Subsection (d).
                    (F) Subsection (e)(2) (matter before subparagraph 
                (A)).
            (10) Section 49906(b) (matter before paragraph (1)) of 
        title 51, United States Code (as redesignated by subsection 
        (n)(3)), is amended by striking ``Committee on Science and 
        Technology'' and inserting ``Committee on Science, Space, and 
        Technology''.
            (11) Section 50134(b)(1) (matter before subparagraph (A)) 
        of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking 
        ``Committee on Science and Technology'' and inserting 
        ``Committee on Science, Space, and Technology''.
            (12) Section 50505(a) of title 51, United States Code, is
```