1 ... SeeTe x. R. App . P. 47. 4. 

## COURT OFAPPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOF TEXAS FORT WORTH NO . 2- 07- 281- CR S AJ I RAL VAR E Z AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M CRI M I NA LDI STRI CT CO URT NO . 3 OF TARRA NTCO UN TY

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### MEMORANDU M OPI NI ON 1

----- ----- -- I . I nt r oduc t i on A juryco nvi ct ed A ppel l antSaj i rA l var ez ofsexual assaul tand assess ed a tw o -y e a r s e n te n c e . I n h i ss o l ep o i n t, A p p e l l a n t a rg u e s th a t th etri a l c o u rt abu se d i t s di sc r et i on w hen i tpe r m i tt ed hea r sa y t es t i m ony f r om D et ec t i ve S c h l o e m a n c o n c e rn i n g a d o c u m e n t n o t i n e v i d e n c e . W ea ffir m .2

II. Fac t ualan d Proce duralBac kground L .V . t e s t if ie d t h a ts h e m e tA p p e lla n tw h e n s h ew a ss e v e n t e e n in t h e f a ll of20 04 atTar r antC oun t y C ol l ege ( “TC C ”) , t hr oug h t hei rm ut ual f r i end A val os. On Oc t o b e r1 6 , 2 0 0 4 , Ap p e l l a n ta n d L . V. w e n to n t h e i rf i r s td a t e . L . V. t e s t i f i e d t ha tApp e l l a ntb ou gh ta l c oh ol i c b e ve r a ge sf ort he m a nd t he n pa r k ed ata soccer fi el d atTC C . L. V . t est i f i ed t hatt hey t al ked and ki ssed, and t hat A ppe l l antt r i ed t o ge ton t op ofheri n t he ca r . L. V . st at ed t hatshe t ol d hi m s he

“ d i d n ’t k n o w h i m l i k e t h a t” a n d s h ew a sn o t o k a yw i th th a t. A c c o rd i n g to h e r, A ppe l l antt hen m ove d ba ckt o hi s si de oft he ca r . At11: 00 p. m . , A ppe l l antan d L .V . w e n t to a s m a ll p a rtya t A p p e l l a n t’sfri e n d G a rz a ’sh o u s ei n n o rth F o rt W ort h. L. V . t est i f i ed t hatshe dr ank m or e att hatr esi dence. G ar za t est i f i ed t hathe not i ced A ppel l antand L. V . w er e st i l l att he hou se wh e n h e e n d e d t h e p a rt ya t3 : 0 0 i n t h emo r n i n g . Hes t a t e d t h a th es a w L . V. bei ng pl aced by som eone i n A p p e l l ant ’ s w hi t e car , and t hatshe appear ed p a ss e d o u t. L. V . t es t i f i ed t hat sh e r em em ber ed bl ac ki ng ou tatt he part y w hi l e s i tt i ng i n a c h a i rb yt h e c a ra n d w a k i ng u p a tT CC , l y i n g i n t h es o c c e rf i e l d . L . V. st at ed t hataf t ershe aw oke , she w asuna bl e t o pl ac e aphon e c al l be ca us e s he st i l l f el toutofi t . She st at ed t hatshe passed outagai n and w oke up w hen3

A p p e l l a n t w a s pu tti n g h e r i n h i s c a r at the so c c e r f i e l d . A p p e l l a n t dro v eh e r t o m e e tAv a l o sa ta c o n v e n i e n c e s t o r en e a rT CC. A v a lo sm e tt h e t w o a tt h ec o n v e n ie n c e s t o r ea ft e rre c e iv in g t w o c a lls f r o m Ap p e l l a n twh o f i r s tc l a i me d h ewa ss e a r c h i n g f o rL . V. Av a l o sf o u n d L . V. p a s s e d o u t i n th e fro n t s e a t. A v a l o sto o kL .V . to L .V ’ss i s te r’sh o u s e . L .V .’s p a r e n t st h e n t o o kL .V . t o t h e h o s p it a l. A tt r i al , L. V . descr i bed hercondi t i on w hen she w as pi cked up byA val os: sh e h ad br ui se s and s cr at ch es on h ert or so , he rcl ot hesw er e i ns i de out , an d sh e h ad a “ bi g k noton [ her ] he ad. ” She t es t i f i ed t hatt hos e b r ui se s w er e n ot t her e b ef or e s he w en toutw i t h Appel l antt hatni ght . Aval ost es t i f i ed abo ut L .V .’s a p p e a ra n c e w h e n s h e m e t A p p e l l a n t a n d L .V . a t th ec o n v e n i e n c es to re ear l y t hatm or ni ng. A val os noti c e d L. V . ’ s gr assy and di rt y cl ot hi ng and “r ed and pur pl e m ar ks ” al l ove rL. V . ’ s che st . Aval oss t at ed t hatL. V . h ad a bl ank st ar e o n he rf ac e a nd di d notap pea rt o kn ow w he r e shew as . L . V . di d not re m e m b e r w h a t h a d h a p p e n e d . A v a l o sc o n fi rm e d th a t a fte r th e y w e n t to L .V .’s s is t e r ’s h o u s e , t h e s is t e rc a lle d L .V .’ sp a r e n t s , w h o t o o kh e rt o t h eh o s p it a l. A val os f urt hert est i f i ed t hatA ppel l antdi d not of f ert o go w i t h L. V . t o her si st er ’ s hous e a nd ne verco nt ac t ed A val ost o f i nd ou thow L. V . w asdoi ng. N ur se M cG ui r e t est i f i ed t hatL. V . arr i ved atthe ho spi t al at 9 : 04 a. m . aft er t he al l ege d a ss aul t . She st at ed t hats he col l ec t ed D N A s w absf r om L. V . att he2 ... W e w i l l f urt herdi sc us s t es t i m ony abo utt he D N A r es ul t s i n our

ana l ys i s ofA ppe l l ant ’ s com pl ai ntbe l ow . 4 hos pi t alus i ng a s exu alas sa ul te xa m k i tan d not ed t hatt her e w er e s i gnsof t r aum a a l m os the ad-t o- t oe on L . V . ’ s bodyan d t r aum a t o her gen i t al ar ea . She t es t i f i ed t her e w er e t hi rt y- t hr eew ounds , i ncl udi ng a br asi ons , br ui si ng or “h i ck eys ” on L . V . ’ s che st , a l ac er at i on on he rm out h, br oke n f i nge r nai l s on L. V . ’ s f i nger s, and var i ous bru i se s c a u sed by r ubb i ng ov era r oug h sur f ace; sever al oft he i nj ur i es w er e consi st entw i t h an assaul t . The j ur y r ecei ved pho t ogr aphs t hatshow ed br ui ses l ocat ed on her che st a n d b ack. N ur se M c G u i re fu rt herst at ed t hatL. V . had r edness and abr asi ons on t he hym enal m em br anean d e nt r anc e o ft he vag i na, and r edn es s on t he ana l ope ni ng. She con f i r m ed t he r edn es s w asco ns i st entw i t h t r aum a t o t he vag i nalare a a nd hym enal ri ng . S he st at ed t hatt he w ound t o t he ana l ope ni ng s upport ed t he h i story ofsexual assaul t . Test i ng of t he D N Asw abs col l ect ed by N ur se M c Gu i r e r e v e a l e d Ap p e l l a n twa sa ma j o rDN A c o n t r i b u t o ro ft h eDN A. 2 D et ec t i ve Schl oem an t est i f i ed t hatdur i ng he ri nve st i gat i on, A ppe l l ant g a v e a s t a t e me n t . S h e t e s t i f i e d t h a tAp p e l l a n tha d t ol d h e rt h a th ea n d L . V. h a d c o n s e n s u a l s e xt h a tn i g h t , b e f o r eg o i n g t o t h ep a rt ya tGa r z a ’ sh o u s e . He t ol d he rt hatL. V . l eftt he part y w i t h so m eo ne e l se. H e a l so t ol d he rt hathe5

l a te r r ec ei ve d an an on ym ou s ph on e cal l t el l i ng hi m w he r e t o f i nd L .V . a ft e r w a r d s — a s o c c e rf i e l d a tT CC. T h e j u ry r e tu rne d a v e rdict o f g u i l ty an d se n ten c e d A p p e l l a n t to tw o y e a rs’ i m p ri so n m e n t. III . A ppe l l ant ’ s Sol e Po i nt A ppe l l antar gue s t hatt he t r i alcourtabus ed i t s di sc r et i on by al l ow i ng t he S t a t e t o e l i c i tDe t e c t i v e S c h l o e m a n ’ sh e a r s a yt e s t i mo n yr e l a t i n g t o a DN A r es ul t s r epo rtt hats he had notpe r so nal l y pr epa r ed. a. S t andar d ofrevi ew A tr i al co urt ’ s r ul i ng on t he adm i ssi bi l i t y ofevi dence i s r evi ew ed und eran a b u s e o f d i s c re ti o n s ta n d a rd . W a ltersv. S ta te, 247 S. W . 3d 204, 217 ( Tex. C r i m . A p p . 2 0 0 7 ). Ift h e t r ia l c o u rt ’s ru lin g isw it h in t h ez o n eo fre a s o n a b le d i s a g re e m e n t, th e rei sn o a b u s eo f d i s c re ti o n . Id . F u rth e r, a t r ia l c o u rt’s dec i si on r ega r di ng adm i ss i bi l i t y ofevi den cew i l l bes us t ai ned i fco r r ec ton a ny t heo ry ofl aw ap pl i ca bl e t o t he ca se , eve n w hen t he cou rt ’ s unde r l yi ng r ea so n fo r th e d e c i s i o n i sw ro n g . Ro m ero v. S tate , 800 S . W . 2 d 5 3 9, 543– 44 ( Tex. C r i m . A pp. 1990 ) ( ci t i ng Sp annv. S tate , 448 S . W . 2d 128 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 1 9 6 9 )).6

b. A ppl i cabl e l aw H ea r say st at em ent s ar e g ene r al l y no tad m i ss i bl e u nl es s t he st at em ent fa l l sw i th i n a re c o g n i z e d e x c e p ti o n to th eh e a rs a yru l e . W a lters , 247 S. W . 3d at2 17 . R ul e 1 07 o fthe T exas R ul es of Evi dence i s an excep t i on t o t hatr ul e. Id. R u l e 1 0 7 o r t h e “R u l e o f O p ti o n a l C o m p l e ten e ss ” p rov i d e s th a t, [ w ] hen pa rtofan ac t , de cl ar at i on, co nve r sa t i on, w r i t i ng , or r ec or ded st at em ent i s gi ven i n evi den ce by one part y, t he w hol e o n t he sam e subj ectm ay be i nqu i r ed i nt o by t he ot her , an d any other a c t, d e c l a ra ti o n , w ri ti n g o r re c o rd e d s ta te m e n t w h i c h i sn e c e s s a ry t o m ak e i tf ul l y un der st ood o rto e xpl ai n t he sa m e m ay al so be gi ven i n evi dence, as w hen a l ett eri s r ead, al l l ett er s on t he sam e su bj ec tbe t w ee n t he sa m e p art i esm ay be gi ven . T e x . R . E v id . 1 0 7 . T h is r u le p e r m it st h ein t r o d u c t io n o fo t h e r w is ein a d m is s ib le e v i d e n c e w hen t hatevi dence i s necessary t o f ul l y and f ai r l y expl ai n a m att er

“ o p e n e d u p ”b yth e a d v e rs e p a rty . W alters , 2 4 7 S .W .3 d a t 2 1 8 ; Credi l le v. S tate , 9 2 5 S .W .2 d 1 1 2 , 1 1 6 ( T e x . A p p .— H o u sto n [ 1 4 th D i st.] 1 9 9 6 , p e t. re f’d ); se ea l

so Ca l l a wa yv. S tate , 8 1 8 S .W .2 d 8 1 6 , 8 2 7 (T e x . A p p .— A m a r illo 199 1, pe t . r ef ’ d) ( st at i ng “ [ o] ncea m att er i s i nj ec t ed i nt o t he pr oce edi ng, evi dence t o f ul l y expl ai n t he m att eri s r el evantand adm i ssi bl e”) . The pu r pose ofr ul e 10 7 i s t o r educe th e p o ssi bi l i t y ofconf usi on, di st ort i on, orf al se i m pr es si onsar i si ng f r om t he i nt r oduc t i on ofpa rtofa w r i t i ng, t ape , or c o n v e rs a ti o n o u t o fc o n t e x t. Cre d ille , 925 S . W . 2d at116. I ti s noter r orf or a t r i al courtt o adm i thear say ev i dence i n a cr i m i nal case overobj ect i on w hen7

i t g o e sto c l a ri fyo th e r h e a rs a ye v i d e n c ee l i c i te d b yth eo p p o s i ti o n . See Bun ton v. S tate , 136 S . W . 3d 355, 367 ( Tex. A pp. — A us t i n 2004, pe t . r ef ’ d) ( di sc us si ng t he pr opr i et y of t he def ens e el i ci t i ng hea r sa y f r om t he i nve st i gat i ng p o lic e o f f ic e ra n d t h e S t a t e la t e rs e e k in g t o c la r if yt h eh e a r s a ye v id e n c e ). R u le 1 0 7 i sn o t i n v o k e d b ym e rere f e r e n c e t o a d o c u m e n t, s ta te m e n t, o r a c t. Id . T h e e v id e n c e in t r o d u c e d m u s tb eo n t h es a m es u bje c t ; t h eru led o e sn o tp e r m it th e i n tro d u c ti o n o f o th e r s i m i l a r b u t i n a d m i s s i b l ee v i d e n c eu n l e s si t i sn e c e s s a ry to e x p l a i n p ro p e rl ya d m i tte d e v i d e n c e . W a lters , 2 4 7 S .W .3 d a t 2 1 8 ; Sauce da v. S ta te , 129 S. W . 3d 116, 123 ( Te x. Cr i m . App . 2003 ) . Ru l e107 i sf urt her l i m i t ed byr u l e 4 03 , w h i c h p e r m i t sa t r i a l j u d g et o e x c l u d eo t h e r w i s er e l e v a nt evi dence i f i t s unfai r pr ej udi ci al ef f ect or i t s l i kel i hoo d ofconf usi on of t he i ssues s u b s ta n ti a l l yo u tw e i g h si tsp ro b a ti v ev a l u e . W a lters, 2 4 7 S .W .3 d a t 2 1 8 . c. D N At est i m ony A D N A anal yst , U vonn a A l exander, t est i f i ed t hatA ppel l ant ’ s D N A w as f o u n d o n L . V. ’ sb r e a s t s , n e c k , v a g i n a l , v u l v a r , an a l , an d p e r i a n a l s wa b s . On cr oss- exam i nat i on, A l exander st at ed t hatw hen she ex am i ned t he sw ab t aken f r om L. V . ’ s l eftbr ea sts he f ound D N Af r om a m i norco nt r i but orofunk now n or i gi n a l ong w i t h D N A f r om A ppe l l antan d L . V . She con f i r m ed t hatt hi s m ea nt t hatthe sam pl e fr om t he sw ab contai ned a m i xt ur e ofD N A or i gi nat i ng f r om “at l e a st th ree i n d i v i d u a l s.” A l e x a n d e r c l a ri fi e d th a t A p p e l l a n t an d L.V . w e re tw o3 ... A ppe l l antap pea r ed t o bedi r ec t i ng hi s i nqui ry w i t h S chl oem an t ow ar ds

A l exander’ s t est i m ony co ncer ni ng t he vagi nal swab , w he r es hes t a t e d t hat f urt h e rt e s t i n g w a sn e e d e d t o d e t e r m i n ea n o t h e rc o n t r i b u t o r . Ap p e l l ant m i st akenl y assert ed t he unkn ow n- co n tr i b ut orevi dence w as f r om t he “vul var sw ab”w hi l e q ues t i oni ng Sch l oem an, a m i ss t at em entt hats t art ed t he l i ne of que st i oni ng f r om bot h s i desan d t he su bs equ enthe ar sa y a l l ega t i on. 8 oft he con t r i but or s i n t hatm i xt ur e. Al exa nde ral so s t at ed on c r os s- exa m i nat i on t hatal t hough A ppe l l antw asf ound t o bea con t r i but ori n t he r es ul t s oft he vagi nal sw ab, f urt hert est i ng w oul d be necessary t o dete rm i n e i ft her e w as ano t herco nt r i but ori n t hatr egi on. D u r i n g h i sc r o s s - e x a m i n a t i o n o fDe t e c t i v eSc h l o e m a n , Ap p e l l a nt quest i oned her abou t t he D N A r esul t s. A ppel l antasked: “W er e you aw ar e t hat t he D N A r es ul t s ac t ual l y s how ed a t hi r d c ont r i but oron b ot h t he che stan d vul varsw abs?” 3The S t at e obj ect ed t o t he quest i on, st at i n g th a t i t w as “an i n a c c u rate sta tem e n t. ” S c h l o e m a n an sw e red tha t sh ew a s a w a re o f t h i s fa c t, and t he cou rtove r r ul ed t he St at e’ s obj ec t i on. O n re d i re c t, th e S ta te a s k e d S c h l o e m a n to re v i e w th ere s u l ts : Q . A nd i n t he concl usi on sect i on of t he D N A l ab, does i tev err ef er , t o yo urkn ow l edg e a nd y ourr ec ol l ec t i on, to any t hi r d contr i butorbei ng f oun d i n t he vul var sw abs? [A p p e lla n t ’s c o u n s e l] : Y o u rH o n o r , I o bje c t . S h eis t es t i f yi ng f r om a doc um entt hati s hea r sa y. The Court : O ver r ul ed.9 A . N o ma ’ a m. Q . A n d i s th e o n l ym e n ti o n o f a th i rd c o n tr i b u to r w i th r egar ds t o t he r i ght upp erchestw al l ? A . T h a t’ s ri g h t. Q . And w i t h r ega r ds to t he vul vars w abs , w ast he o n l yco n tr i b u to r be i n g the D e fen d a n t? A . T h a t’ s ri g h t. d . A n a ly s is O n c r os s- exa m i nat i on, A ppe l l ant ’ s cou ns elha d a sk ed D et ec t i ve S chl oem an i fshe r evi ew ed t he docu m ent contai ni ng t he D N A r esul t s and t hen pr oce eded t o a skque st i onsba se d on t he D N A r es ul t s. I n t hi s l i ne of q u e sti o n i n g , A p p e l l a n t’ s c o u n s e l w a s re q u e sti n g tha t S c h l o e m a n rec a l l fac ts f r om a docum entt hatshe had not w r i tt en. Schl oem an i ncor r ect l y st at ed t hat t her e w asa t hi r d c ont r i but oron t he vul varsw ab, w hi ch l eftt he j ury w i t h a fa ls e im p res sion ab o u t t h e res u l ts. T h etr i a l co u rtal l o w e d the w i tn e ss to cl ar i f y t he r es ul t s f ound i n t he doc um entt o c l ea rup t he i nco r r ec ti m pr es si on l eftby A ppe l l ant ’ s cr os s- exa m i nat i on. U nde rr ul e 107, w e h ol d t hatA ppe l l ant ’ s cou ns el ’ s cr os s- exam i nat i on

“ o p e n e d th e d o o r” w h e n h e i n q u i re d a b o u t th e D N A re s u l ts . T h et r ia l c o u rt th u s p rop e rl yo v e rr u l e d A p p e l l a n t’ s he a rsa yo bj e c ti o n an d all o w e d the S tate to quest i on S chl oem an on r e- di r ectabout t he act ual D N A r esul t s oft he vul var4 ... M o reo v er , t he S t at e st ayed w i t hi n t he subj ectoft he vul varsw ab

r es ul t s and t he l ac k o fa t hi r d c ont r i but orw hen i tel i ci t ed t es t i m ony f r om S c h l o e m a n . C f

. Bunton , 13 6 S . W . 3d a t 3 67 ( st at i ng di f f i cul t y ensued w hen t h e S t a t e e lic it e d n e w h e a r s a yf r o m t h eo f f ic e ru n r e la t e d t o t h eh e a r s a yt h a tit w a se n ti tl e d to c l a ri fy ). 10 sw ab s, w hi ch sh e had m i sstat ed du r i ng A pp el l an t ’ s cross-exa m i na t i o n . See Ma rti n ez v. S tate , 749 S . W . 2d 5 56, 559 ( Tex. A pp. — San Ant oni o 1988, no p e t. ) (ho l d i n g i t i s n o t e rr o r to a d m i t h e a rsa ye v i d e n c ew h e n i t se rve s to clari fy o th e r he a rsa yev i d e n c e e li c i ted b ythe o p p o sit i o n ). T h eS tate w a s a b l e to nar r ow l y cl ar i f y t hat , r egar di n g th e vul varsw abs, t he sol e cont r i butorw as A ppe l l ant , an d i tcl ar i f i ed t he stat em entt hatt he unk now n t hi r d c ont r i but or r el at ed t o t he che sts w absonl y. 4B e c a u se A p p e l l a n t op e n e d th e d o o r t o S chl oem an’ s t est i m ony r egar di ng t he D N A r esul t s, t he t r i al courtdi d not abuse i t s di sc r et i on byove r r ul i ng Appel l ant ’ s hea r sa y obj ec t i on. V I. H a r m a n a ly s is Eve n i ft he t r i al cou rt abu se d i t s di sc r et i on byal l ow i ng t hi s evi den ce , an y er r orm us tbedi sr ega r ded as adm i ss i on ofhear sa y i s nonc ons t i t ut i ona l er r oran d t hi s ad m i ss i on di d notaf f ec tA ppe l l ant ’ s su bs t ant i alr i ght s. Tex . R. A pp. P. 4 4 .2 (b ); se eJo hn so nv. S tate , 9 6 7 S .W .2 d 4 1 0 , 4 1 7 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 8 ). W i t h non const i t ut i onal er r or s, w e ar e t o di sr egar d er r or s, def ect s, i r r egul ar i t i es, orv a r i a nc e st ha td o notaff ectt hes ub s t a nt i a l r i gh t so ft hea c c us e d. Te x. R. A pp. 4 4. 2( b) . A sub st ant i al ri ght i s af f ect ed w hen t he er r orh ad a subst ant i al5 ... A l exa nde rex pl ai ned t hatw hen she su sp ec t s se m en ors per m pr es ent

i n a sam pl e al so contai ni ng bi ol ogi cal f l ui ds she per f or m s an ext r act i on, w hi ch i so l at est he sa m pl e b y sep ar at i ng t he m al e f r ac t i on and f em al e f r ac t i on oft he sp ec i m en. She r ef er s t o t he f em al e f r ac t i on ast he “e pi t hel i alf r ac t i on”an d t he m al e f r act i on as t he “sper m fr act i on. ” S he l at erexpl ai ned t hatw i t h t he vul var sw ab, t he epi t hel i alf r ac t i on w asco ns i st entw i t h a m i xt ur e o fL. V . an d A ppe l l ant ’ s D N A . The D N A pr of i l e f ound i n t he sp er m f r ac t i on w asco ns i st ent wi t h Ap p e l l a n t ’ sDN A. 11 o r i n j u ri o u se ffe c t o r i n fl u e n c eo n th ej u ry ’sv e rd i c t. Jo hn so nv. S tate , 43 S .W .3 d 1 , 3

– 4(T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 1 ). I f, o n th ere c o rd a sa w h o l e , i t a p p e a rs t he er r or“di d not i nf l uence t h e j ur y, orhad but a sl i ght ef f ect , ” w e m ust c o n s i d e r th e e rro r h a rm l e s s a n d a l l o w th ec o n v i c ti o n to s ta n d . Johnson , 967 S .W .2 d at 4 1 7 . T h e i m p rop e r ad m i ss i o n o f ev id e n c ed o e s n o t co n sti tu te r ever si bl e er r ori ft he sa m e fa c ts ar e pr oved b y ot herpr oper l y adm i tt ed e v i d e n c e . Se eBroo ks v. S tate , 9 9 0 S .W .2 d 2 7 8 , 2 8 7 (T e x . C ri m . A p p .), c ert. denied, 5 2 8 U .S . 9 5 6 , 1 2 0 S . C t. 3 8 4(1 9 9 9 ). The D N A an al ys tA l exa nde rha d pr evi ous l y t es t i f i ed w i t houtobj ec t i on abou t t he t est r esul t s on t he sw abs contai ned i n L. V . ’ s sexual ass a u l t ki t. S p e c if ic a lly , s h e t e s t if ie d t h a tA p p e lla n t ’s D N A w a sf o u n d o n t h ec h e s t , v a g in a l, vul var , pe r i ana l , an d ana l sw abs . She t es t i f i ed t hatt he sp er m f r ac t i on 5 o n t h e vul vars w absor i gi nat ed f r om A ppe l l ant . Af t er t he t es t i m ony of Schl oem an on r edi r ectt o w hi ch A ppel l antobj ect ed, t he S t at e agai n cal l ed A l e xander as a r ebu tt alw i t nes s and as ke d he rw het hers he f ound a t hi r d c ont r i but oron t he12

v u l v a r s w a b . A l e x a n d e r re p l i e d , w i th o u t o bj e c ti o n t h a tth e rew a sn o th i rd contr i butoron t hatpart i cul arsw ab. T h e te sti m ony o fSch l oem an t o w hi ch A ppe l l antobj ec t ed w asm er el y c um ul at i ve oft he D N A an al ys t ’ s t es t i m ony abo utt he r es ul t s, pr ope r l y a dm i tt ed bef ore and aft erSchl oem an’ s t es t i m ony. See Brooks , 9 9 0 S .W .2 d a t 2 8 7 ; Leday v. S tate , 983 S. W . 2d 713, 718 ( Tex. C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 8 ); Ma tzv. S ta te, 2 1 S .W .3 d 9 1 1 , 9 1 2 ( T e x . A p p .— F o rtW o rt h 2 0 0 0 , p e t. re f’d ) (o p . o n re m a n d ). C o n s i d e ri n g a l l o f th e e v i d e n c ea d m i tte d , w e concl ude t hat S chl oem an’ s adm i tt ed t est i m ony w as har m l ess and di d not af f ect a su b sta n ti a l ri g h t. V . C onc l us i on Bas ed on t he St at e’ s cor r ec t i on ofa f al sei m pr es si on a nd t he l ac k o fan y c o g n i z a b l e e rro r, w e o v e rru l e A p p e l l a n t’ss o l ep o i n t a n d a ffir m th etri a l c o u rt’s j u d g m e n t. P E RCU R I AM PA N EL: G A RD N ER, LI V I N G STO N , an d DA U PH I N O T, JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH Tex. R. A pp. P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: Apr i l 30, 2009