# CHAPTER 7

IMPLEMENTATION

Introduction Responsible Agencies

Short

- and Intermediate

- Term Measures Long

- Term Measures Implementation Support Activities Monitoring

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 1 

## INTRODUCTION

Achieving clean air objectives requires the effective and timely implementation o f the measures defined in Chapter 4. In general, these measures rely on the application and advancement of technologies and management practices. These strategies also require actions by numerous agencies.



## RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES

Implementation of the Plan’s strategies requires a cooperative partnership of governmental agencies at the federal, state, regional and local level. As described in Table 7

- 1, these agencies form the four cornerstones from which implementation programs will evolve.

At the feder al level is the U.S. EPA and other agencies charged with reducing emissions from federally controlled sources such as commercial aircraft and marine vessels. As discussed in Chapter 4, the 1997 AQMP incorporates several measures based largely on the 1994 California Ozone SIP. Seven of the mobile source measures are directed at federally regulated sources.

At the state level is the ARB which is responsible for motor vehicle emissions and fuels. The Plan’s on

- road and off

- road mobile source control progr am is principally based on the 1994 California Ozone SIP. Additional mobile source emission reduction credit programs are provided in this Plan to provide greater regulatory flexibility and accelerate fleet turnover.

At the regional level, the District is responsible for the overall development and implementation of the AQMP. The District is specifically authorized to reduce the emissions from stationary and some area sources such as coatings and solvents. The District implements its responsibilities wit h participation from the regulated community through an extensive rule development and implementation program. This approach maximizes the input of those parties affected by the proposed rule through consultation meetings, public workshops, and ongoing working groups.

At the local level are local governments and the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) and other committees of government. Local governments serve an important role in developing and implementing the Plan’s transportation con trol measures. SCAG is responsible for providing the socioeconomic forecast (e.g., population forecasts) upon which the Plan is based. SCAG also provides assessments for conformity of regionally significant projects with the overall Plan and is responsible for the adoption of the annual Regional Transportation Improvement Program.

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

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- 2 TABLE 7

- 1
Agencies Responsible for Implementation of the 1997 AQMP Revision for the South Coast Air Basin

Agency Principal responsibilities

EPA  Forty

- nine state mobile vehicl e emission

standards;

 Airplanes, trains, and ships;

 Mobile

- operating construction & farm equipment below 175 hp; and,

 Off

- shore oil development

ARB  On

- road/Off

- road vehicles

 Motor vehicle fuels; and,

 Consumer products

SCAQMD  Stationary (industry/commerce) & area
sources;

 Some mobile sources

SCAG  AQMP conformity assessment

 Regional Transportation Improvement Program

Local Government/ CTCs  Transportation and local government actions; and,

 Transportation facilities



## SHORT

- AND INTERMEDIATE

- TERM MEASURES

Th e Plan proposes measures that can be implemented using currently available technologies and management practices. Measures in this category are to be implemented by all levels of government including federal agencies, the state ARB, the District and local governments and SCAG.



## Control Measure Ranking

The California Clean Air Act requires air pollution control districts to assess the effectiveness of control measures in reducing ambient ozone concentrations as part of their plan submittals. The CCAA requir es districts to determine that their AQMPs are

cost

- effective strategies that attain air quality standards by the earliest practicable date [H&SC 40913(b)]. In addition, plans must include an assessment of the cost

effectiveness of available and proposed control measures and a list of the measures

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 3 ranked from the least cost

- effective to the most cost

- effective [H&SC 40922(a)]. Table
6

- 5 in Chapter 6 shows the ranking of the control measures by cost

- effectiveness. In developing their control strategy impl ementation schedule, districts must consider the other effectiveness criteria [H&SC 40922(b)]. The criteria used for this Plan are listed in Table 7

- 2.

TABLE 7

- 2

Criteria for Evaluating 1997 AQMP Control Measures

Criteria Description

Cost

- Effectiveness The cost of a control measure to reduce air pollution by one ton [cost covers obtaining, installing, and operating the control measure].
Efficiency The positive effects of a control measure compared to its negative effects.

Emission Reduction Potential Th e total amount of pollution that a control measure can actually reduce.
Enforceability The ability to force polluters to comply with a control

measure. Equity The fairness of the distribution of all the positive and negative effects among various socioeconomic groups
Legal Authority Ability of the District or other adopting agency to implement the measure or the likelihood that local governments and agencies will cooperate to approve a control measures
Public Acceptability The support the public gives t o a control measure.

Rate of Emission Reduction The time it will take for a control measure to reduce a certain amount of air pollution.
Technological The likelihood that the technology for a control measure will be available as anticipated.

Table 7

- 3 lists the short

- and intermediate

- term control measures, the responsible agencies, and the proposed adoption and implementation dates. This preliminary schedule is largely based on the schedule set forth in the 1994 AQMP as modified through subsequent Dist rict Board action. New items proposed for the first time in this

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

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- 4

Plan have been placed in the appropriate position on the existing schedule based on a review of the AQMP control measure prioritization factors described above.

Other measures from the 1994 AQMP that are not included in Table 7

- 3 have been moved to the Level II Contingency (or Further Evaluation) Category. These measures will undergo further evaluation after the 1997 AQMP is adopted to determine if these measures can serve as contingency or provide additional emission reductions to achieve state air pollution standards or potential future federal air quality standards.

TABLE 7

- 3
1997 AQMP Control Measures, Implementing Agency, Adoption Date and Implementation Period

Control
Measure Number Control Measure
Name Implementing Agency Adoption

Date Implementation

Period

SHORT

- AND INTERMEDIATE

- TERM MEASURES

Surface Coating and Solvent Use

CTS

- 02E Emission Reductions from

Adhesives (Rule 1168) (VOC) SCAQMD/
ARB 2000 2007

- 2010

CTS

- 02H Emission Re ductions from Metal

Parts and Products (Rule 1107) (VOC) SCAQMD 1997 1998

- 2000

CTS

- 02M Emission Reductions from Plastic,

Rubber, Glass Coatings (Rule 1145) (VOC) SCAQMD 1997 1998

- 2000

CTS

- 02N Emission Reductions from Solvent

Degreasers (Rule 1122) (VOC) SCAQMD/
ARB 1997 2000

- 2005

CTS

- 02O Emission Reductions from Solvent

Usage (Rule 442) (VOC) SCAQMD 2000 2000

- 2005

CTS

- 03 Consumer Product Education

Labeling Program (VOC) SCAQMD 1998 2000

- 2005

CTS

- 04 Public Awareness/Education

Programs

- Area Sourc es (VOC) SCAQMD 1998 2000

- 2005

CTS

- 07 Further Emission Reductions from

Architectural Coatings (Rule 1113) (VOC) SCAQMD 1996 1998

CP

- 02 Emission Reductions from

Consumer Products (VOC) ARB 1997 2005

- 2008

DPR

- 01 Emission Reductions from Pesticide

Applications (VOC) DPR 1997 2005

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 5 TABLE 7

- 3
(continued)

Control
Measure Number Control Measure
Name Implementing Agency Adoption

Date Implementation

Period

Petroleum Operations and Fugitive Emissions

FUG

- 03 Further Emission Reductions from

Floating Roof Tan ks (Rule 463) (VOC) SCAQMD 1999 2000

FUG

- 04 Further Emission Reduction from

Fugitive Sources (Rule 1173) (VOC) SCAQMD 1997 1997

Combustion Sources

CMB

- 02B Emission Reduction from Small

Boilers and Process Heaters (NO
x ) SCAQMD 1997 1999

CMB

- 03 Area Source Credit Programs (All) SCAQMD 1997 1997

- 2000

CMB

- 04 Area Source Credits for Energy

Conservation/ Efficiency (NO
x ) SCAQMD 1997 1997

- 2000

CMB

- 06 Emission Standards for New

Commercial and Residential Water
Heaters SCAQMD 1999 2003

- 2013

CMB

- 07 Emiss ion Reductions from

Petroleum Refinery Flares (All) SCAQMD 1999 2000

CMB

- 09 Emission Reductions from

Petroleum Refinery FCCUs (PM 10 ) SCAQMD 1997 1998

- 1999

Fugitive Dust

BCM

- 01 Emission Reductions from Paved

Roads (Rule 403) (PM 10 ) SCAQMD, Local Government, CalTrans 1997 1997

BCM

- 03 Further Emission Reductions from

Unpaved Roads, Unpaved Parking Lots and Staging Areas (Rule 403) (PM 10 ) SCAQMD, Local Government 1997 1997

- 2006

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 6 TABLE 7

- 3
(continued)

Control
Measure Number Control Measure
Name Impleme nting Agency Adoption

Date Implementation

Period

Fugitive Dust (Cont.)

BCM

- 04 Emission Reductions from

Agricultural Activities (Rule 403) (PM 10 ) SCAQMD, USDA Natural
Resources Conservation Service 1997 1997

- 1999

BCM

- 06 Emission Reductions from Fugitive

Dust Sources to meet Best Available Control Measures Requirements (Rule 403) (PM 10 ) SCAQMD, 1997 1997

Miscellaneous Sources

MSC

- 01 Promotion of Lighter Color Roofing

and Road Materials and Tree Planting Programs (All Pollutants) SCAQMD, Local Government 1999 2000

MSC

- 02 In

- Use Compliance Program for Air

Pollution Control Equipment (All Pollutants) SCAQMD 1997 1998

MSC

- 03 Promotion of Catalyst

- Surface

Coating Technology Programs (All Pollutants) SCAQMD 1998 2000

- 2004

PRC

- 01 Emission Reductions from

Woodworking Operations (PM 10 ) SCAQMD 1997 1998

PRC

- 03 Emission Reductions from

Restaurant Operations (VOC, PM 10 ) SCAQMD 1997 2000

- 2004

WST

- 01 Emission Reductions from

Livestock Waste (VOC, PM 10 , Ammonia) SCAQMD 1998 2004

- 2006

WST

- 02 Emission Reduct ions from

Composting (VOC, PM 10 , Ammonia) SCAQMD 1998 2004

- 2006

WST

- 03 Waste Burning (Rule 444) (VOC) SCAQMD 1997 1997

- 2010

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 7 TABLE 7

- 3
(continued)

Control
Measure Number Control Measure
Name Implementing Agency Adoption

Date Implementation

Period

Miscellaneous Sources (Cont.)

WST

- 04 Disposal of Materials Containing

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) SCAQMD 1997 1998

- 2001

FSS

- 04 Emission Charges of $5,000 per Ton

of VOC for Stationary Sources Emitting Over 10 Tons per Year (VOC) SCAQMD TBD TBD

Compl iance Flexibility Programs

FLX

- 01 Intercredit Trading Program (All) SCAQMD 1997 1997

- 1998

FLX

- 02 Air Quality Investment Program (All) SCAQMD 1997 1997

- 1998

Transportation Control and Indirect Source Measures

TCM

- 01 Transportation Improvements (All) SCAG 1997 2000

- 2010

Advanced Transportation Technology Incentive Measures

ATT

- 01 Telecommunications The Partnership, SCAQMD, SCAG, Local Gov’t TBD TBD

ATT

- 02 Advanced Shuttle Transit The Partnership, SCAQMD, SCAG, Local Gov’t TBD TBD

ATT

- 03 Zero

- Emission

Vehicles/Infrastructure The Partnership, SCAQMD, SCAG, Local Gov’t TBD 1997

- 2010

ATT

- 04 Alternative Fuel

Vehicles/Infrastructure The Partnership, SCAQMD, SCAG, Local Gov’t TBD 1997

- 2010

ATT

- 05 Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems

(IVHS) The Partnership, SCAQMD, SCAG, Local Gov’t TBD TBD

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

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- 8 TABLE 7

- 3
(continued)

Control
Measure Number Control Measure
Name Implementing Agency Adoption

Date Implementation

Period

Further Study Strategy

FSS

- 02 Market

- Based Transportation

Pricing State or Local Agencies TBD T BD

On

- Road Mobile Sources

M1 Accelerated Retirement of Light

Duty Vehicles ARB/SCAQMD 1997 1997

- 2010

M4 Heavy

- Duty Diesel Vehicles; Early

Introduction of Low

- NO
x Engines ARB TBD 1997

- 2002

M5 Heavy

- Duty Diesel Vehicles;

Additional NO
x Reductions in California ARB 1997 2002

M6 Heavy

- Duty Diesel Vehicles; 2.0

g/bhp

- hr NO
x Standard

- National U.S. EPA 1997 2002

M7 Accelerated Retirement of Heavy

Duty Vehicles ARB 1997 1997

- 2010

MON

- 09 In

- Use Vehicle Emission Mitigation SCAQMD 1997 1998

- 2010

MON

- 10 Emissions Reduction Credit for

Truck Stop Electrification SCAQMD 1997 1998

- 2010

Off

- Road Mobile Sources

M11 Industrial Equipment; Gas & LPG

-

California ARB 1997 2000

- 2004

M12 Industrial Equipment

- Gas & LPG

-

National U.S. EPA 1997 2000

- 2004

M13 Marine Vessels; National and

International Standards U.S. EPA 1997 1998

- 2001

M14 Locomotives; Nationwide

Standards, New and Rebuilt U.S. EPA 1997 2000

- 2010

M16 Pleasure Craft; Nationwide

Emission Standards U.S. EPA 1996 1998

MOF

- 07 Credits for the Rep lacement of

Existing Pleasure Craft Engines with New Lower Polluting Engines SCAQMD 1997 1998

- 2010

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 9 

## Federal Agencies

The Plan proposes to incorporate several measures defined in the 1994 California Ozone SIP that are directed at federally regulated sources. Specifically, the Plan contains seven measures relative to sources such as planes, ships, trains, most construction and farm equipment, industrial equipment, and off

- highway vehicles. These SIP

- related measures are listed on Table 7

- 3.



## ARB

Several meas ures are proposed to be implemented by the ARB. One of the most important of these measures is the implementation of the scrappage program (i.e., M1).

The ARB is also responsible for adopting some of the off

- road mobile source emission standards, and will be implementing the control measures in the AQMP directed towards reducing emissions from consumer products. Table 7

- 3 identifies the control measures that ARB (and other state agencies) will be responsible for implementing in the 1997 AQMP.

There are several other state agencies that will need to implement control measures which fall within their authority. For example, the state Department of Pesticides Regulation (DPR) has direct authority over pesticide applications. ARB will have a key role in working with the DPR, along with the District, to ensure that the measure is implemented.



## District

The District is responsible for implementing the stationary source control measures and some of the area and mobile source measures. As shown in Table 7

- 3, st ationary source control measures will be implemented primarily through District rules and regulations as specified in federal and state law.

Stationary and Area Source Measures

As indicated in Chapter 4, several key new approaches are proposed for implementing the stationary source emission reduction measures. Specifically, the Plan proposes to use

source

- specific control approaches, market incentives, educational outreach efforts, permitting processes, and manufacturer certification processes to implement most of the stationary source measures. In addition, the Intercredit Trading Program and the Air Quality Investment Program will provide greater flexibility to stationary sources to comply with District regulations. Chapter 4 and Appendix IV provide more detail relative to these implementation approaches.

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- 10

Transportation Control Measures

Market Incentive Measures A market incentives task force was established with SCAG, CalTrans, the Coalition for Local Environmental Solutions and a Competitive Economy (C OALESCE), the District and over 50 business and industry leaders to develop a regional congestion and air quality mitigation program to replace the Indirect Source Rules contained in the 1994 AQMP and to improve mobility in the region. The Reduce Emissions And Congestion on Highways (REACH) Task Force was convened in response to actions called for in the 1994 AQMP and SCAG’s Market Incentives Task Force. Under a $1.1 million grant from the Federal Highway Administration and a $220,000 contribution from
C OALESCE, the REACH Task Force is exploring the feasibility of establishing nominal charges for motorists based upon vehicle use to improve mobility and air quality. Money raised through these fees would likely be dedicated to improving air quality, and the transportation system.

Local Governments and SCAG Local governments (cities and counties) are also responsible for helping to provide supportive actions through participation in voluntary programs. Local governments and transportation agencies are also responsible for implementing several measures in the Plan including, but not limited to, the transportation improvements called for in the Plan. SCAG is responsible for helping local governments coordinate their efforts and for ensuring that the region’s transportation projects, programs and plans conform to the SIP.

Congestion Management Program (CMP) Linkage to the AQMP

The CMP is a comprehensive strategy to relieve traffic congestion and maintain levels of service on roadways. Assembly Bill (AB) 471 an d AB 1791 required county transportation commissions (CTCs) or other designated agencies to adopt a CMP by December 1, 1991. County CMPs have subsequently been developed in consultation with the regional transportation planning agency (i.e., SCAG), regional transportation providers, local governments, Caltrans, and the District.

The CMP interlinks with the AQMP in several areas. Most AQMP transportation control measures included in the Regional Transportation Improvement Program are designed to help relie ve congestion. Implementation of the AQMP will help local governments tackle congestion, reduce emissions from idling vehicles or vehicles traveling on congested roadways, and help maintain the CMP’s level of service standards.

Many local governments already have ordinances under development or approved to comply with the CMP. Through the CMP, local governments have contributed to the clean air effort. Local governments may receive credits for emission reductions associated with the implementation of CMP s to the extent they are real, quantifiable, and

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 11 enforceable and have not been included in the AQMP baseline as part of the Regional Mobility Element (RME).

The CMP and the AQMP are further linked through the local capital improvement program. This required element of the CMP must be consistent with the county and Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP), which in turn must be consistent with the RME. The latter in turn must conform with the AQMP.

In addition, local governments are encouraged to work cooperatively with their CTCs and subregional agencies to craft integrated trip reduction strategies to meet the CMP trip reduction requirements.



## Southern California Economic Partnership (The Partnership)

The Partnership is a non

- profit organization with a 26

- member Board of Directors assigned the mission of accelerating the deployment of advanced transportation technologies (ATTs) throughout Southern California. It was established out of the needs of the SCAG Regional Mobility Element and the 1994 AQMP to have an effective implementation organization for advanced transportation technology strategies.

The Partnership, through its public/private participatory structure, is uniquely capable of providing networking and guidance to those parties interested in the deployment of advanced transportation technologies throughout Southern California. Stakeholder “cluster group” meetings on each technology are held on a regular basis, usually at the District or at SCAG offices, to discuss implementation barrier s and assist in the development of deployment and marketing strategies. It has in effect become a clearinghouse of ATT information and progress.

To aid Southern California cities and counties in ATT deployment, The Partnership has developed “Model City Starter Kits” for each of the technologies. These books provide goals and objectives, implementation worksheets, model policies, model resolutions, building codes, product/service technology updates, infrastructure suggestions and requirements, training and safety requirements, case studies, funding opportunities and an activity recognition program. The Partnership provides these comprehensive guide books free to each Southern California community and conducts workshops and presentations to encourage participants to use ATTs. It also develops and distributes ATT newsletters and promotional materials to heighten awareness and garner unified understanding and support for the technologies from both the public and private sectors. Most of this information is also presented on The Partnership’s Web Site which is continuously updated with deployment achievements throughout the region. Measures to be carried out by The Partnership are non

- regulatory & thus do not have specific “adoption” dates but will be implemented through the AQMP planning period.

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- 12

Legislation may assist in implementing these measures but it is too early to establish specific adoption dates.

The Partnership Market Deployment Plan

The Partnership applies the same market deployment strategic plannin g to each of the five AQMP advanced technologies. The approach is multi

- disciplinary, totally integrated, constantly evolving and consists of: 1) deployment education and guidance, 2) workshops and outreach, 3) technology/industry communications and awareness programs, 4) information distribution and networking support, 5) partnership creation/brokering, and 6) legislative initiatives and actions.

Deployment Education and Guidance

“Model City Starter Kits, “ presented in easy

- to

- update three

- ring binders, h ave been created for each of the technologies and distributed free of charge to every city and county in the South Coast Air Basin and the SCAG region.

Workshops and Outreach

To generate additional interest and understanding of technology deployment, The Partnership occasionally hosts technology workshops at the District and other convenient locations for local elected officials, city planners and managers, with considerable private sector involvement and support. In addition to these workshops, The Partner ship also: 1) makes presentations to cities, schools and organizations; 2) distributes monthly technology “News Flashes” to all stakeholders via facsimile; and 3) attends the meetings of related organizations and project developers.

Technology/Industry Communications and Awareness Programs

The Partnership has created individual technology/industry logos and slogans to help give a singular identity, purpose and synergy to advanced transportation deployment activities throughout the region. It is intended th at these logos and slogans, and the customizable advertising and promotional materials on which they appear, can be accepted and used by both public and private sector technology participants to foster cooperation and accelerate awareness, understanding and support among the public at large. To the extent possible, the creation of these materials is financed by the private

sector.

Information Distribution and Industry Networking Support

In its unique technology

- neutral position, The Partnership has created a breakthrough, advertising

- supported, consumer friendly Web Site which individually showcases each technology. The interactive site encourages feedback from stakeholders and, as a

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 13 clearinghouse of information, provides networking opportunities between manufacturers/service providers and purchasers/implementors. It is organized into fifteen sub

- home pages for quick access and maneuverability:

 Partnership

 Mission and Schedule of Meetings and Activities

 (5) Technology Showcases

 Helpful Technology Applicati on Scenarios

 Technology Showroom

 Hyperlinks to Manufacturers

 Infrastructure Requirements

 Hyperlinks to Product/Service Providers

 Infrastructure Deployment

 Up

- to

- Date Locations of Infrastructure Deployment

 Industry Information Bank

 Hyperlinks to Associations, Organizations, Resources

 Model City Starter Kit Order Form

 Feedback Forum

 Partnership Creation/Brokering

Since The Partnership works closely with all the stakeholders in each of the five advanced transportation technologies, it has become a de facto cle aringhouse of ATT information. In this capacity, it is uniquely suited to direct and introduce interested participants to other stakeholders with similar goals and into the formation of productive and mutually beneficial public/private partnerships.

Much of The Partnership’s efforts will be documented on the Internet at the following address: “www.scag.ca.gov/depts/scep/.”



## LONG

- TERM MEASURES

Implementation of the long

- term measures in the 1997 AQMP depends on advances and breakthroughs that are expected o ver the next 13 years. This requires aggressive research and development efforts which have been ongoing at the District and other state and federal agencies.

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- 14

As outlined in Chapter 4, achieving clean air standards in the South Coast area requires the application of advanced technologies. The District’s Technology Advancement Office (TAO) sponsors public

- private research and development partnerships in order to identify and promote low

- and zero

- emissions technologies for both stationary and mobile source s. The Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction Review Committee (MSRC) which was established in 1990 with the adoption of Assembly Bill 2766, funds projects to reduce air pollution from motor vehicles as needed for implementing the California Clean Air Act of 1988.

Table 7

- 4 lists some key recently

- completed or currently

- underway projects sponsored by the TAO to facilitate development and commercialization of low

- polluting technologies. Table 7

- 5 lists recently completed or current projects sponsored by the MSRC to reduce mobile source emissions. Tables 7

- 4 and 7

- 5 are the specific long

- term measures associated with the projects. Some of the stationary source projects do not have specific linkages to the long

- term measures but serve as future technologies that may be available to meet current regulations with future compliance dates or short

- and intermediate

- term AQMP control measures.

The AQMP proposes an incentive program to encourage the use of fuel cell technology. The 1994 AQMP also created a fuel c ell implementation task force whose role is to : (1) identify specific areas and goals for fuel cell s application, (2) investigate infrastructure needs for the development of fuel cells, and (3) suggest mechanisms to accomplish the goal of expediting the commercial implementation of fuel cells in the Basin. The task force is led by the District and comprised of representatives of potential interested and affected parties in the Basin and fuel cell manufacturers. The overall goal of the task force is to p rovide incentives for people to utilize and perhaps manufacture fuel cells in the Basin.

Table 7

- 6 lists the targeted implementation schedule for the proposed long term measures. To ultimately achieve full implementation of the advanced technologies, control methods and market mechanisms proposed in this Plan, numerous agencies will need to develop and follow implementation schedules. These agencies, as well as the District, may need to seek additional legal authority and resources, including funding, to carry out some of the activities for which they are responsible.

TABLE 7

- 4
Current or Recently

- Completed TAO Projects

Project Description Pollutant(s) Goal(s) 1 Associated Long

Term Measure

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 15 1. Conventional Fuel Vehicles

Heavy

- Duty Emissions Testing VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 A, B, E, F M5, M6

- Chassis Dynamometer Testing

- Demonstrate Vehicle Test Facility

On

- Road Vehicle Emissions Testing VOC, NO
x , CO A, B, C, D, F M2

- Remote Sensing to Detect High Emitters

- Tunnel Study for Phase 2 Gas Emissions

- Smoking Vehicle PM 10 Emissions Testing

Off

- Road Vehicle Evaluations VOC, NO
x , CO A, B, C, D, F M9, M10

- In

- Use Gas Lawnmower Emissions

- 3

- Way Catalyst for Off

- Road Applications

Advanced Vehicle Technologies VOC, NO
x , CO A, D New Measure Development

- Ultracapacitor for Catalyst Heating

- On

- Board Vehicle Emissions Measurement


### 2. Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Develop and Demonstrate Heavy

- Duty Alternative Fuel Engines and Ve hicles VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 A, B, E New Measure Development

Develop and Demonstrate Medium

- Duty Alternative Fuel Engines and Vehicles VOC, NO
x , CO, A, B, E New Measure Development

Develop and Demonstrate Passenger Car and Light

- Duty Truck Alternative Fuel Engines and Vehicles VOC, NO
x , CO A, B, E M2

Develop and Demonstrate Off

- Road Alternative Fuel Engines and Vehicles VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 A, B, D, E M9, M10

- LNG Locomotive

- CNG

- Fueled Airport Service Equipment

- Methano l Yard Equipment

Establish Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Facilities VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, E M2, M9

1 A. Demonstration of current or potential ARB standards and guidelines
B. Enhances databases (e.g., emission factors, infrastructure data, health data, etc.) C. Demonstration of current or potential District rules and guidelines
D. Supports technical feasibility
E. Supports commercialization efforts
F. Supports emissions inventory

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

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- 16 TABLE 7

- 4
Current or Recently

- Completed TAO Projec ts (continued)

Project Description Pollutant(s) Goal(s) 1 Associated Long

Term Measure



### 3. Zero

- or Near

- Zero Emission Vehicles

Develop and Demonstrate On

- Road Battery Electric Vehicles VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 A, B, D, E M2

- Ford EV Ecostar

- Electric Water Delivery Truck

- U. S. Postal Service EV

Develop and Demonstrate On

- Road Hybrid Electric Vehicles VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 A, B, D, E M2

- Propane Hybrid Electric Refuse Truck

- Heavy

- Duty Hybrid EV

Develop a nd Demonstrate On

- Road Fuel Cell Vehicles VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 A, B, D, E M2
New Measure Development

- Ballard PEM Fuel Cell Bus

- PEM Fuel Cell Automobile

- U. S. DOE PAFC Bus

Develop and Demonstrate Off

- Road Battery Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles and Equipment VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, C, D, E M9,
New Measure Development

- Electric Airport Ground Support Equipment

- Fuel Cell Locomotive

Develop and Demonstrate Advanced Battery and Range Extender Technologi es VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, C, D, E M2,
New Measure Development

- AC Propulsion EV Range Extender

- Aluminum Air Battery

- Sealed Bipolar Lead Acid Battery

Support for Solar Car Projects VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, D, E M2,
New Measure Development

1 A. Demonstration of current or potential ARB standards and guidelines
B. Enhances databases (e.g., emission factors, infrastructures data, health data, etc.) C. Demonstration of current or potential District rules and guidelines
D. Su pports technical feasibility
E. Supports commercialization efforts
F. Supports emissions inventory

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 17 TABLE 7

- 4
(concluded)

Project Description Pollutant(s) Goal(s) 1 Associated Long

Term Measure



### 4. Stationary Sources

Develop and Demonstrate Advanced Low

- NO
x Technologies NO
x A, B, C New Measure Development

- Ultra

- Low NO
x Industrial Burner

- Alzeta Radiant Burner

- Low

- NO
x Residential Water Heaters

- Low

- NO
x Glass Melting System

- Cannon NO
x Digester

Demonstrate L ow

- VOC Surface Coatings VOC A, B, C ADV

- CTS

- Vernonia Oil Coatings

- Substitutes to Vernonia Oil

Demonstrate Low

- VOC Industrial Processes VOC, Toxics, CFCs A, B, C ADV

- PRC

- Plasma Waste Destruction to Hydrogen

- Air Vest Technology

- Wet Cleaning vs. Perc.

- based Dry Cleaning 

### 5. Renewable and Clean Energy Technologies

Demonstrate Stationary Fuel Cell Technologies NO
x A, B, E New Measure Development

- 250 kW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

- Prototype Resid ential Fuel Cell System

Demonstrate Solar Technologies NO
x A, B, E New Measure Development

- Southern California Edison Solar Two

- 8 kW Solar Dish / Sterling Engine System

- Roof

- Integrated Solar Cells

Demonstrate Battery Recycling Technologies Toxics A, D, E M2,
New Measure Development


### 6. Health Effects Studies

PM and PM 10 Studies PM 10 A, B

------

- Coachella Valley PM 10 Study

- Allergens / Particles in Paved Road Dust

Health Impacts of Air Po llutants VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 , Toxics A, B

------

- Morbidity Data Analysis

- Identification of Chronic Health Effects

1 A. Demonstration of current or potential ARB standards and guidelines
B. Enhances databases (e.g., emission factors, infrastructure data, health data, etc.) C. Demonstration of current or potential District rules and guidelines
D. Supports technical feasibility
E. Supports commercialization efforts
F. Supports emissions inventory

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 18 TABLE 7

- 5
Current or Recently

- Complet ed MSRC Projects

Project Description Pollutant(s) Goal(s) 1 Associated Long

Term Measure



### 1. Vehicle Demonstrations

Alternative Fuel Vehicles VOC, NO x , CO, PM 10 A, B, C, E M2, Additional Measures

- Replacement of Municipal Fleet Vehicles

- Buses and Trolleys in Revenue Service

- Repower HD Fleet Vehicles

Zero or Near

- Zero Emission Vehicles VOC, NO x , CO, PM 10 A, B, C, D, E M2, Additional Measures

- EVs in Municipal Transit Bus Fleets

- EV Airport Shuttles

- EV Station Cars 

### 2. Other Air Quality Project Funding

Transportation Control Measures VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, C ATT

- 01, ATT

- 05

- Rideshare and Telecommuting Strategies

- Trip Reduction Strategies

- Commuter Assistance (e.g., Shuttles)

Educational Outreach VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, E

------

- Educational Materials for Schools

- AQ and Alt. Fuel Training Program Support

- Develop University AQ Training Curricula

AQMP Implementation VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, C

------

- Develop Regional and Subregional Plans

- Facilitate Implement. of AQMP Measures

Studies / Modeling VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, C, F ATT

- 01, ATT

- 05

- Transportation, Emissions, VMT Modeling

- Remote Sensing Devices

- Truck Traffic Simulation Modeling

General Research and Development VOC, NO
x , CO, PM 10 B, C, E, F M2, Additional Measures

- State

- of

- the

- Art “Showcase EV”

- Advanced Electric

- Assist Bicycle

- Electric Motorcycle Tec hnologies

- EV Thermoelectric AC System

1 A. Demonstration of current or potential ARB standards and guidelines
B. Enhances databases (e.g., emission factors, infrastructure data, health data, etc.) C. Demonstration of current or potential District rules and guidelines
D. Supports technical feasibility
E. Supports commercialization efforts
F. Supports emissions inventory

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 19 TABLE 7

- 6
1997 AQMP Long Term Control Measures, Implementing Agency,

Adoption Date and Implementation Period

Control
Me asure Number Control Measure
Name Implementing Agency Adoption

Date Implementation

Period

LONG

- TERM MEASURES Stationary Sources

ADV

- CP04 Consumer Products (VOC) ARB 2001

- 2005 2002

- 2010

ADV

- ARCH Architectural Coatings (VOC) SCAQMD 2003

- 2005 2006

- 2010

ADV

- CLNG Solvent Cleaning and Degreasing

Operations (VOC) SCAQMD 2003

- 2005 2006

- 2010

ADV

- CTS Miscellaneous Industrial Coating and

Solvent Operations (VOC) SCAQMD 2001

- 2004 2005

- 2010

ADV

- FUG Fugitive Emissions (VOC) SCAQMD 2001

- 2004 2006

- 2010 ADV

- MSC Misc ellaneous Small Sources (VOC) SCAQMD 2002

- 2004 2006

- 2010 ADV

- PRC Industrial Process Operations (VOC) SCAQMD 2002

- 2004 2006

- 2010

Mobile Sources

M

- 2 Improved On

- Road Control

Technology ARB 2000 2004

- 2005

M

- 9 Off

- Road Diesel Equipment,
2.5 G/BHP

- HR NO
x - California ARB 2001 2005

M

- 10 Off

- Road Diesel Equipment,
2.5 G/BHP

- HR NO
x - National U.S. EPA 2001 2005

M

- 15 Aircraft; Nationwide Emission

Standards U.S. EPA 1999 2000

ADV

- ON New Measure Development to

Achieve Overall Emission
Reductions

- On

- Road ARB Post

- 2000 2010

ADV

- OFF New Measure Development to

Achieve Overall Emission
Reductions

- Off

- Road ARB Post

- 2000 2010



## AQMP Commercialization Plan for Advanced Technologies and Fuels

The commercialization of advanced zero and near

- zero emission technologies is essential in order to fully implement the AQMP. Section 182(e)(5) of the federal Clean Air Act contemplates that expedited actions will be undertaken to ensure that the cleanest technologies and fuels are brought to their fullest possible market pote ntial to address the particularly severe air quality in Southern California. An AQMP Commercialization Plan for Advanced Technologies and Fuels has been developed which focuses on the key

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 20

steps which must be undertaken to establish sustainable and growing markets for the utilization of advanced technologies and clean fuels.

The District’s Technology Advancement Office has, over the last eight years, established a strong and widely respected foundation for the continued development, demonstration, techno logy transfer and commercialization of innovative zero and near

- zero emission technologies. Such technologies include fuel cells; alternative fuel vehicles such as electric vehicles and those fueled by CNG, methanol, LNG, etc.; advanced coatings; and fugitive emission mitigation technologies. In order to build on the success of these efforts, a Commercialization Plan has been developed which identifies the key steps to be undertaken in the context of the 1997 AQMP to help foster the widespread market

pene tration of these technologies and alternative clean fuels. Table 7

- 7 identifies the key elements of this Plan. A major focus of this Commercialization Plan is on the specific projects that can be funded and/or coordinated through a targeted Commercialization Program within the District’s Technology Advancement Office.

This Commercialization Plan emphasizes a synergistic approach which combines the following program elements:



##  Biennial technology assessments are needed which routinely update the identificat ion of cutting edge technology. Such assessments will identify the lowest emission technologies currently being researched, developed, demonstrated and commercialized. Due to the fast pace and international scope of innovation, these assessments will provide continual updates on the leading technologies and sponsoring organizations. Specific information in these assessments will include the emission control efficiencies being achieved by specific technologies in laboratory

- scale and commercial scale appl ications, as well as the known or projected costs, durability, operational performance, energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, principal technical and cost barriers and likely commercial viability and timeframe for such advanced technology



## .

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 21 TABLE 7

- 7
Current or Recently

- Completed Projects

Previous TAO Project Planned TAO Projects to Foster Commercialization Remarks



### STATIONARY SOURCES

1. ADV

- ARCH, ADV

- CLNG, ADV CTS

 Coatings Research Center

 Wet cleaning as a substitute for PERC

- based dry cle aning,

 Aerospace VOC reduction Technology identification

 High performance wood furniture coatings  Biennial technology assessment of advanced solvent and coatings formulations and applications technologies

 Annual industry and user workshops to identify priorities for joint research and development, and commercialization.

 Formal solicitation of research, development and demonstration projects  Numerous market niches include the following:

 electric components
 marine coatings
 architectural coatings
 adhesives
 p aper, fabric and film
 motor vehicle equipment
 metal parts
 graphic arts
 wood product assembly
 aerospace assembly
 plastic, rubber
 etc.

 Formation of one or more joint industry/government Commercialization Coordination Councils , no later than 1998, by market segment, fuel type or technology type

 Specific projects may include the following:

1) Phase III vernonia oil coatings

2) Phase III Coating Research Inst. development and demonstrations

3) Phase II wet cleaning technology demonstration to wider market segments

4) Ph ase III development and demonstration of Reactive Aqueous Defluxing Systems with aerospace companies; associated technology transfer workshops, etc.

5) Phase III Aerospace VOC technology development, demonstration and technology transfer

6) Architectural coatings technology assessment, demonstration of zero emission interior and exterior, high durability and quality coatings

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 22 TABLE 7

- 7
(continued)

Previous TAO Project Planned TAO Projects to Foster Commercialization Remarks



### 2. ADV

- FUG

 Plasma waste reducti on
 Asphalt emissions study

 Landfill gas abatement with methanol production

 Hydrocarb biomass to methanol tech.
assessment,

 Landfill biofilter

 Absorbent beds using microwave technology

 Biofiltration of HC

contaminated air  Biennial

- technology assessment of advanced fugitive emission control technologies and substitute processes, focused on specific market segments

 Annual industry and user workshops to identify priorities for joint research and development, and commercialization

 Formal solicitation of resea rch, development and demonstration projects

 Formation of one or more joint industry/government Commercialization Coordination Councils , in 1997, by market segment, fuel type or technology type

 Specific projects may include the following: 1) Phase II asphalt emissions study and technology

assessment 2) Fugitive emission control technology assessment 3) Solicitation of R & D proposals regarding control of fugitive emissions from specific types of facilities, such as refineries, chemical facilities, landfills, etc.  M arket niches differentiated as follows:

 Refineries
 Chemical facilities
 Oil and gas production
 Natural gas plants
 Pipeline transfer stations
 Landfills



### 3. ADVANCED MISCELLANEOUS VOC SOURCES

 Plasma Waste destruction
to H2

 Air Vest wet cleaning biofilter technology demonstration

 Restaurant emissions

assessment

 Roof

- integrated solar cells

 Photocatalytic destruction of Hazardous Organic
Wastes

 Prototype PEM residential fuel cell development and demonstration

 Photovoltaic electric vehicle recharging carport  B iennial technology assessment of advanced emission control technologies and substitute processes for a variety of small sources, focused on specific market segments

 Annual industry and user workshops to identify priorities for joint research and development, and commercialization.

 Formal solicitation of research, development and demonstration projects.

 Formation of one or more joint industry/government Commercialization Coordination Councils , by 1998, by market segment, fuel type or technology type  Marke t niches include:

 roofing
 road construction
 woodworking
 bakeries
 restaurants  waste burning
 construction and demolition
 disposal of VOC

containing materials
 malt, wine and brandy production
 rubber production

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 23 TABLE 7

- 7
(continued)

Previous TAO Project Planned TAO Projects to Foster Commercialization Remarks

 Specific development and/or demonstration projects may include the following:

1) Air Vest technology; 2) roof integrated solar cells 3) Phase II, fuel cell develop. for small power tools 4) Phase III UC Rive rside restaurant emissions control technology assessment, development and demonstration 5) catalyst surface coating technology with catalyst manufacturers


### 4. ADV

- PRC

 Solar

- based H2 electrolysis

 engines

 Biofilter control technology applied to Casting operations

 Methanol backup generator



 Non

- diesel / non

CFC cryogenic refrigeration unit for trucks  Biennial technology assessment of advanced VOC emission control technologies and substitute processes for a variety of industrial processes, focused on specific market segments

 Annual industry and user workshops to identify priorities for joint research and development, and commercialization.

 Formal solicitation of research, development and demonstration projects

 Formation of one or more joint industry/government Commercialization Coordination Councils , by the year 2000, by market segment, fuel type or technology type

 Specific development and/or demonstration projects may include the following:

1) Phase II fuel cell demonstration with lower capital

costs 2) Phase III Solar Dish

- Sterling engine demonstration with OEM, with lower capital costs 3) Phase II residential fuel cell power development and demonstration  Market niches include:

 chemical plants
 plastic manufacturing
 fiberglass manufacturing
 commercial diesel generator

sets

 chemical plants
 fiberglass manufacturing
 plastics manufacturing
 fluid catalytic crackers

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 24 TABLE 7

- 7
(continued)

Previous TAO Project Planned TAO Projects to Foster Commercialization Remarks



### MOBILE SOURCES

5. IMPROVED ON

- ROAD VEHICLE CO NTROL TECHNOLOGY

 Alternative fuel
vehicle research, development and

demonstrations involving the following fuels and technologies:

 Battery

electric

vehicles

 Hybrid

electric

vehicles

 Fuel cell

vehicles

 LNG trucks

 CNG cars,

trucks and

buses

 Methanol

vehicles

 Ethanol

vehicles

 LPG vehicles

 Hydrogen

vehicles

 Advanced

batteries  Biennial

- technology assessment of advanced

emission control technologies for on

- road clean fuel ULEV’s and ZEV’s, focused on specific market segments

 Annual industry and user workshops to identify priorities for joint R & D, and commercialization.

 Formal solicitation of research, development and demonstration projects

 Formation of one or more joint industry/government Commercialization Coordination Councils , starting in 1997, by market segment, fuel type or technology type

 Specific development and demonstration projects may include the following

1) Demonstration of electric vehicles in Rental Car Fleets

2) Advanced EV battery and Charging systems

3) Demonstration of advanced EV’s with advanced
b atteries

4) Development and demonstration of on

- road fuel cell technologies

5) Optimized medium

- duty CNG engine conversion kits

6) Demonstration and assessment of propane/butane blends

7) Advanced heavy duty truck development and demonstration

8) LNG fueling facility design optimization

9) Advanced hybrid vehicle development and demonstration

10) Alternative fuels infrastructure expansion and utilization incentives

11) Expanded alternative fuel model availability by OEM’s Vehicle market niches include:

a) light duty

b) medium duty

c) heavy duty trucks

d) transit and commercial . buses

User market niches include:

1) rental fleets

2) public fleets

3) private fleets

4) individuals

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 25 TABLE 7

- 7
(continued)

Previous TAO Project Planned TAO Projects to Foster Commercialization Remarks

 advanced ultra

capacitors

 Advanced catalyst
 Advanced remote sensing 12) Fuel tax parity authorization relative to gasoline

and diesel

13) Vehicle purchase and other market incentives for alternative fuel vehicle purchases

14) Development and demonstration of off

- road alternative fuel techn ologies

15) Demonstration and assessment of ultra

- low sulfur and equivalent diesel and gasoline formulations



### 6. OFF

- ROAD INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT

- 2.5 GRAM/BHP

- HR NOx

 Biennial Technology assessment of advanced emission control technologies and alternative fuels for off

- road industrial equipment, focused on specific market segments

 Annual Industry and user workshops to identify priorities for joint research and development, and commercialization.

 Formal solicitation of research, development and demonstration projects

 Specific development and demonstration projects may include the following

 Formation of one or more joint industry/government Commercialization Coordination Councils , starting in 1997, by market segment, fuel type or technology type

 Specific development and demonstration projects may include the following

1) Development and demonstration of zero emission utility equipment

2) Heavy duty emissions characterization for

reduction of NOx and PM

- 10

3) Fuel

- borne catalyst demonstration and

assessment

4) Catalytic con verter retrofit development, demonstration and optimization for off

- road engines Market niches include the following:

1) Industrial engines of 175 hp and above, excluding farm and construction equipment

2) forklifts

3) utility equipment (e.g., lawnmowers)

4) leaf blowers

5) etc.

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 26 TABLE 7

- 7
(concluded)

Previous TAO Project Planned TAO Projects to Foster Commercialization Remarks

5) Commercial fuel cell power supply development

program
6) Development and demonstration of low emission alternative fuel technologies for off

- roa d applications

Development of incentives to increase utilization of clean fuel technologies

Demonstration and assessment of ultra

- low sulfur and equivalent diesel and gasoline

formulations



###  Regular Industry and User Workshops are needed which will help build consensus on the appropriate priorities for joint research, development, demonstrations and commercialization strategies. Developers, manufacturers, energy providers, other regulatory agencies and commercial users of advanced low

- emission technolog ies have all proven to be essential partners with the District in implementing cost

effective advanced technology demonstrations, as well as helping define the critical barriers which need to be removed to establish a sustainable commercial market for clean technologies. It is especially constructive to obtain routine feedback from the users of prototype technologies to identify and address barriers for more widespread market penetration of a technology. These workshops will specifically be focused on ide ntifying the following:

a) Advanced emission control concepts and technologies b) Research and development needs c) Potential demonstration sites d) Existing and potential involvement in specific advanced technologies and clean fuels by original equipment manufacturers (OEM’s) e) Cost reduction opportunities to enhance the competitiveness of specific technologies f) Identification of a critical mass of private sector and government partners to target the sustained development of a technology g) Dissemination of technical and c ost information on the leading zero

emission and near

- zero technologies and alternative fuels

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 27 

##  Formal, competitive solicitations of proposals will be undertaken for relevant and pragmatic research, development and commercial

- scale demonstrations The evaluation criteria for these solicitations will involve the following:

a) Emission reduction potential b) Technological innovation c) Project cost

- sharing d) Commercialization potential and business development expertise e) Cost

- effectiveness f) Relevant contractor experience g) Overall environmental impacts and benefits



##  The establishment of Commercialization Coordination Council help bring together industry decision leaders, as well as key policy makers, to continuously chart the path to commercialization for core technologies, such as fuel cells, ZEV’s and advanced coatings.

Highly visible market leadership, as well as timely coordination, among a diverse range of organizations, both public and private, is critical for the successful introduction of advanced technologies and c lean fuels. The establishment of a prominent and expert Council to advise the District on key steps which are needed to ensure the sustainable commercialization of core AQMP technologies will directly address this need. The specific focus of such Councils will vary depending on the timeframe in which commercialization of a specific technology or clean fuel is anticipated. In the stationary source area, separate Commercialization Coordination Councils will be established for Consumer Products, Advanced C oatings and Solvents, Advanced Fugitive Emissions Controls, and Industrial VOC Controls. For mobile sources, similar Councils will be established for Advanced On

- Road Vehicle Clean Fuels and Technologies (separate fuel

- related or technology related Councils, such as one for Fuel Cells, may also be established) and for Advanced Off

- Road Industrial Equipment. On

going coordination will also continue with the California Energy Commission’s process of overseeing the restructuring of the utility industry pursu ant to AB 1890.

Targeted research, development and demonstration projects are also needed to remove key barriers and prove the commercial robustness of advanced technologies and alternative clean fuels. These projects will be funded through the District’s Technology Advancement Office, and will leverage funding provided by other public and private organizations. These projects will be updated on a routine basis. The latest Technology Advancement Plan, adopted by the Board at its October 1996 meeting, ser ved as the foundation for this Commercialization Plan.

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 28



##  The development of incentives, such as legislative tax incentives and policies, is needed to help create more competitive and diversified market conditions for advanced emission control technologies and clean fuels. Such incentives may include tax incentives for trucking firms and others to purchase alternative fuel vehicles and infrastructure, as well as the removal of disincentives in the federal excise tax code as it applies to vehicle fuel.

Give n the diversity of measures identified in the 1997 AQMP, this Commercialization Plan focuses on specific market niches, some of which can serve as “market anchors” for wider scale commercialization and technology transfer over time. Specific stationary source related commercialization projects are identified for Consumer Products, Solvents and Coating Operations, Fugitive Emissions, Miscellaneous Small Sources and industrial process sources of VOC. Commercialization projects for mobile sources are also id entified, focused on on

- road vehicles and off

- road industrial sources.

Since the District’s Technology Advancement Office program primarily focuses on mobile source related clean fuel projects, the Commercialization Plan identifies a more extensive list of research, development and demonstration projects related to the use of advanced emission control technologies and alternative clean fuels used in passenger cars, light and medium duty trucks and buses.

The implementation of this Commercialization Plan w ill entail staff and funding resource commitments by the District. Comprehensive and coordinated efforts will be undertaken which identify all the critical barriers to commercializing a specific technology. The Plan also takes a pragmatic approach by focusing simultaneously on the most viable near term niches for a technology or clean fuel application, while at the same time addressing specific issues and potential barriers related to the following:



##  Technology readiness for wide scale use



##  Optimized emissi on benefits



##  Minimized capital and operating costs



##  Competitive commercial performance, durability, warranties and customer support



##  Convenient and cost

- competitive fueling and recharging infrastructure



##  Nurturing of early adapters and market champions



##  Establishment of appropriate fuel tax policies and other incentives



##  Removal of anti

- competitive fuel tax policies and other disincentives



##  Maximized learning from in

- use demonstration, especially from commercial

users



##  Dissemination of technical information

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 29 

##  Partic ipation in industry and/or government workshops, conferences and working groups, etc.



##  Assessment of external regulatory policies (e.g., ARB., PUC, CEC, EPA, etc.) and the formulation of strategic recommendations to foster commercialization of advanced technologies and clean fuels.

Based on the accumulation of successful demonstration experience with advanced technologies through the District’s Technology Advancement Office, the stage is now set for a targeted Commercialization Plan which helps further focu s District resources. This Plan is structured to take maximum advantage of the numerous synergies which exist with other agencies and private industry. The partnerships needed to implement this Commercialization Plan will be continuously recast to leverage the most recent trends in market conditions (e.g., the de

- regulated utility sector) and the most advanced technologies. The success of this Commercialization Plan is also expected to provide significant economic stimulus to the region’s economy, while helping ensure that air quality standards are achieved and maintained. When fully realized in the early part of the twenty

- first century, this Plan will represent a model for regional problem solving and cooperation.



## IMPLEMENTATION SUPPO RT ACTIVITIES

Implementation of the 1997 AQMP will require support activities sponsored by the District and SCAG. These efforts are described in the following subsections.



## District Assistance and Outreach Programs

Since the adoption of the 1991 AQMP the District has prov ided assistance to the agencies charged with implementing the Plan. A key accomplishment was the District’s CEQA Air Quality Handbook to assist local governments in assessing and mitigating air quality impacts from projects within their jurisdiction.

An important ongoing outreach program is the Interagency AQMP Implementation Committee (IAIC). The IAIC provides ongoing coordination between key local government entities and the District Board as the AQMP is implemented. Some objectives of the IAIC include :

 Identifying how local governments throughout the region should interact with the District to ensure implementation of the AQMP.

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 30

 Identifying and resolving issues that could affect timely implementation of the AQMP.

 Assisting the District in developing and carrying out its local government outreach program to ensure that local government information, technical, and policy input needs are met.

 Determining how local governments should be involved in the AQMP implementation update process.

 Developing a structu re for identifying, analyzing, and resolving potential conflicts between air quality and other regional goals.

The IAIC also established a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) which provides technical input on AQMP programs and policies, and suggested issues relating to AQMP implementation for the IAIC to discuss.

Through the IAIC and TAC, the District is better able to facilitate and coordinate the implementation efforts of the local agencies in the Basin.



## Business Assistance

The District has initiated seve ral programs to assist businesses that must comply with the requirements promulgated in the Plan. For the 1997 AQMP, these efforts will be continued and strengthened. Several of the District’s assistance programs are highlighted
below.

Through the District’s “New Directions” campaign, several programs have been developed and implemented to assist the regulated community. These programs include: permit streamlining practices, interaction with small and medium

- sized businesses, source education programs, c ompliance assessment programs and the continued implementation of the Small Business Assistance and Economic Development and Business Retention offices.

The Public Advisor assures business input to the District’s policy makers through community workshops, industry

- specific meeting, and ethnic business working groups. Fee Review and other technical assistance helps companies resolve issues in a cooperative manner.

The District’s Small Business Assistance office helps owners/operators participate in the
Di strict’s policy and rule development process and helps them comply with applicable requirements. It offers permit application and processing assistance as well as compliance and financial assistance.

### Ch apter 7 Implementation

7

- 31 The Air Quality Assistance Fund (AQAF) is one of the Small Business Assistance office’s many functions. The District established this program to assist small businesses within its jurisdiction needing financial help to purchase air pollution control equipment. The loan guarantee may be approved for up to 90 percent of the loan amount, ranging from a minimum of $15,000 to a maximum of $250,000. The AQAF has enabled a number of businesses to obtain equipment financing which might not otherwise have been able to obtain credit and meet start

- up costs.

The District created the Economic Development and Business Retention (EDBR) office in 1992 in response to the economic downturn experienced by the nation and particularly in Southern California. The primary objective of the Economic Development and Business Reten tion office is to facilitate the commercialization of new low

- emitting technologies. This creates jobs and helps to retain existing businesses through introduction of and conversion to more efficient and less

- polluting technologies. The EDBR office has already helped approximately 500 companies with their compliance goals and has thus far helped to create or retain an estimated 6000 or more jobs in Southern California.



## SCAG Assistance

SCAG has provided significant assistance and outreach to local govern ments in understanding, assessing and implementing programs to address TCM and air quality issues. Beginning in early 1993, SCAG has provided funding to its thirteen subregions to help develop policies and strategies and prepare monitoring programs which address TCMs, air quality and mobility requirements

-- identifying locally sensitive implementation options and continuing to develop monitoring programs to report

progress.

In cooperation with the District, SCAG helped create The Partnership and the REACH
T ask Force as discussed previously in this chapter. SCAG continues in an active role to implement new strategies to improve air quality and mobility.



## MONITORING

The 1997 AQMP sets the course for attaining the federal and state air quality standards in the Basin. As the Plan is implemented, it is essential to periodically assess the effectiveness of the air pollution control programs in reducing emissions, and to determine whether or not the Basin is still proceeding along the course set forth in the AQMP. Monitoring the AQMP’s effectiveness will also be an integral part of preparing the annual rule work plan. The monitoring report will provide the necessary information

### FINAL 1997 AQMP

7

- 32

to monitor for maximum feasible measures and expeditious adoption schedule required by the CCAA.

It is equally important that the people who live and work in the Basin be kept informed of the efforts being undertaken to improve air quality, and of the extent to which air quality is improving as a result. The monitoring report can provide th is kind of feedback to the Basin’s residents.

Monitoring the effectiveness of the AQMP is required by the CCAA (Health and Safety Code Sections 40924) and federal Clean Air Act (Part D, Section 172). Specifically, the CCAA requires that the District prepare and submit a report each year to the ARB summarizing the Basin’s progress in meeting the schedules for developing, adopting, or implementing the air pollution control measures contained in the Plan.

Every third year, the District is required to assess t he overall effectiveness of its air quality program, including determining the quality of emission reductions achieved, and the rate of population and industrial

- and vehicular

- related emissions growth compared to the assumptions and goals contained in the Plan. The District is also required to assess the extent of air quality improvement, based upon ambient pollutant measurements and best available modeling techniques. These reports are required by law to be adopted by the District at a public hearing an d to be transmitted to the ARB.

The federal Clean Air Act also requires nonattainment areas, such as the Basin, to document “reasonable further progress” in achieving incremental reductions of air pollution.

SCAG, with the assistance of county transportation commissions and subregions, prepares the portion of the monitoring reports that pertain to local government transportation and land use measures and submits those portions to the District for inclusion in the full monitoring reports.