J-A27024-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

FRANKLIN C. BROWN 

Appellant

v.

RITE AID CORPORATION, BALLARD 

SPAHR, LLP, AND WILLIAM A. 

SLAUGHTER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1362 MDA 2021

Appeal from the Order Entered September 21, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Civil Division at 

No(s): 2018-02654

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED: MARCH 27, 2023

Franklin C. Brown (“Brown”) appeals from the order denying his motion 

to disqualify William A. Slaughter, Esquire (“Attorney Slaughter”) and the law 

firm of Ballard Spahr, LLP (“Ballard”) from representing Rite Aid Corporation 

(“Rite Aid”). We affirm.

Brown was an officer, director, and chief counsel for Rite Aid for many 

years. In 1999, Rite Aid misstated its fiscal financial reporting results, 

resulting in numerous shareholder derivative lawsuits filed against Rite Aid 

and its board of directors, including Brown. Rite Aid retained Ballard to 

represent it and its board of directors and officers in its defense of those 

actions (“derivative actions”). Attorney Slaughter from Ballard was one of the 

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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lead attorneys for Rite Aid. Rite Aid hired another law firm, Swidler & Berlin, 

to conduct an internal investigation of Rite Aid’s accounting practices. Brown 

alleges that during this internal investigation, Swidler & Berlin obtained 

confidential information about him and shared the information with Attorney

Slaughter and Ballard. However, Brown alleges that he was not aware of this 

until April 2019 when Attorney Slaughter disclosed this in a deposition.

In December 2000, Ballard and Attorney Slaughter successfully 

negotiated a settlement of the derivative actions. The settlement agreement 

defined the “Settling Defendants” as Rite Aid and its current and former 

directors, which included Brown. All “Settling Defendants” were also “Released 

Parties” under the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also 

contained a “Bar Order” and permanent federal injunction whereby the 

Settling Defendants were “permanently barred, enjoined and restrained from 

commencing, prosecuting, or asserting any other claim, however styled, 

whether for indemnification, contribution or otherwise, and whether arising 

under state, federal or common law, against the Released Parties based upon, 

arising out of or relating to the Settled Claims.” The late United States District 

Judge Stewart Dalzell approved the settlement agreement on August 15, 

2001. 

A little more than a year later, on October 9, 2002, Rite Aid, through its 

attorneys at Ballard, including Attorney Slaughter, sued Brown in the Court of 

Common Pleas of Cumberland County (“Underlying Action”). Rite Aid asserted 

numerous claims against Brown, including breach of fiduciary duty, civil 
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conspiracy and breach of contract. This litigation continued for approximately

14 years. In 2016, Brown’s attorneys alleged that they discovered that Ballard 

and Attorney Slaughter had caused Rite Aid to initiate the Underlying Action

against Brown illegally in violation of the settlement agreement, the Bar Order,

and the permanent federal injunction.1In March 2016, Brown filed a motion 

in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania to enforce the settlement agreement, 

Bar Order, and permanent injunction. In June 2016, Judge Dalzell found that 

Rite Aid had violated the settlement agreement, Bar Order, and injunction 

when it commenced the Underlying Action against Brown. The court enjoined 

Rite Aid from proceeding with the Underlying Action. 

In March 2018, Brown filed the current action against Rite Aid, Ballard, 

and Attorney Slaughter based on their allegedly wrongful initiation of the 

Underlying Action. He asserted claims of wrongful use of civil proceedings, 

abuse of process, and civil conspiracy. In April 2019, Brown deposed Attorney 

Slaughter in a separate case in Dauphin County. Brown alleges that during 

that deposition, “Brown learned for the first time that substantial personal and 

confidential information that Brown had provided to Swidler & Berlin’s 

attorneys during their internal investigation had been shared with” Ballard and 

Attorney Slaughter. Brown’s Br. at 9 n.3. 

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1 Brown maintains that for many years, he was unaware of the settlement 

agreement and Bar Order, as well as his status as a “Released Party.” 
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Some two and a half years later, in August 2021, Brown filed a motion 

to disqualify Ballard and Attorney Slaughter from representing Rite Aid due to 

a conflict of interest. The court heard argument on the motion to disqualify 

and denied the motion on September 20, 2021. This appeal followed.2, 3

Brown raises two issues for our review:

1. Whether William Slaughter, Esq. should be disqualified 

from representing his codefendant Rite Aid Corporation 

in this case[?]

2. Whether Ballard Spahr, LLP should be disqualified from 

representing its codefendant Rite Aid Corporation in this 

case[?]

Brown’s Br. at 4.

Brown’s two issues are related so we address them together. Brown 

argues that Attorney Slaughter should be disqualified from representing Rite 

Aid because during the internal investigation of Rite Aid, Swidler & Berlin 

obtained confidential information about Brown and shared this information 

with Attorney Slaughter. Brown’s Br. at 32. Brown contends that Attorney

Slaughter and Ballard may not use this information against him in the instant 

lawsuit. Id. Citing Rule of Professional Conduct 1.9, Brown argues that an 

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2 An “order denying a motion to disqualify a law firm based on conflict of 

interest is immediately appealable as a collateral order.” See Rudalavage v. 

PPL Elec. Util. Corp., 268 A.3d 470, 478 (Pa.Super. 2022); see also

Pa.R.A.P. 313 (governing collateral orders).

3

In the same notice of appeal, Brown also appealed the court’s order denying 

his motion to file an amended complaint. However, we quashed that portion 

of the appeal as a non-appealable collateral order. See Order, 3/14/22.
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attorney who has formerly represented a client in a matter is prohibited from 

representing another person in a substantially related matter in which that 

person’s interests are materially adverse to the interests of the former client.

Id. at 28-29. According to Brown, Judge Dalzell has already ruled that the 

derivative litigation in which Attorney Slaughter represented Brown involved 

the same transactions and legal disputes in the Underlying Action which forms 

the basis of Brown’s claims in the current case. Id. at 30. Brown thus contends 

that the instant lawsuit is “substantially related” to the earlier derivative 

litigation and Attorney Slaughter should be disqualified from representing Rite 

Aid. Id. at 37. Brown also argues that Ballard should likewise be disqualified 

under Rule of Professional Conduct 1.10 because the duty owed by an attorney 

to his client extends to members of the attorney’s law firm. Id. at 37-38.

Brown additionally argues that Attorney Slaughter and Ballard should 

be disqualified from representing Rite Aid under Rule of Professional Conduct 

1.7. Id. at 38. That Rule, discussed below, prohibits an attorney from 

representing a client if a concurrent conflict of interest exists, that is, the 

representation of one client is directly adverse to the interests of another 

client. Brown argues that a concurrent conflict of interest exists because “[a]s 

codefendants, Rite Aid on the one hand and [Attorney Slaughter and Ballard] 

on the other, are aligned directly against each other because each would 

potentially benefit from blaming the other for the misconduct alleged in the 

Complaint.” Id. at 40-41. Brown concludes that because “[Attorney] 

Slaughter and Ballard [] cannot reasonably ignore their own financial interests 
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and wellbeing as codefendants with Rite Aid, this Court should not permit the 

concurrent conflicts of interest to continue.” Id. at 47.

This Court employs a plenary standard of review when reviewing a trial 

court’s order on disqualification of counsel. Rudalavage, 268 A.3d at 478. A 

court may disqualify an attorney for violating ethical rules. Id. Although 

disqualification is an appropriate sanction in some cases, “it is a serious 

remedy which must be imposed with an awareness of the important interests 

of a client in representation by counsel of the client’s choice.” McCarthy v. 

Se. Pa. Transp. Auth., 772 A.2d 987, 991 (Pa.Super. 2001) (internal 

quotation marks and citation omitted). Indeed, “courts should not lightly 

interfere with the right to counsel of one’s choice. Thus, disqualification is 

appropriate only when both another remedy for the violation is not available 

and it is essential to ensure that the party seeking disqualification receives the 

fair trial that due process requires.” Rudalavage, 268 A.3d at 478 (citation 

omitted).

An attorney owes its client a fiduciary duty, which prohibits the attorney 

from engaging in conflicts of interest. Dougherty v. Phila. Newspapers, 

LLC, 85 A.3d 1082, 1086-87 (Pa.Super. 2014). Rule 1.9 of the Rules of 

Professional Conduct is a recognition of the common-law duty attorneys owe 

to their current and former clients. It provides, in pertinent part:

(a) A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter 

shall not thereafter represent another person in the same or a 

substantially related matter in which that person’s interests are 

materially adverse to the interests of the former client unless the 

former client gives informed consent.
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***

(c) A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter or 

whose present or former firm has formerly represented a client in 

a matter shall not thereafter:

(1) use information relating to the representation to the 

disadvantage of the former client except as these Rules 

would permit or require with respect to a client, or when the 

information has become generally known; or

(2) reveal information relating to the representation except 

as these Rules would permit or require with respect to a 

client.

Pa.R.P.C. 1.9(a), (c).

To establish grounds for disqualification, the former client must 

demonstrate three elements: 

(1) that a past attorney/client relationship existed which was 

adverse to a subsequent representation by the law firm of the 

other client; (2) that the subject matter of the relationship was 

substantially related; (3) that a member of the law firm, as 

attorney for the adverse party, acquired knowledge of confidential 

information from or concerning the former client, actually or by 

operation of law.

Dougherty, 85 A.3d at 1087 (citation omitted). 

Rule 1.7 of the Rules of Professional Conduct governs conflicts involving 

current clients and forbids concurrent conflicts of interest. Pa.R.P.C. 1.7(a). A 

concurrent conflict of interest exists if:

(1) the representation of one client will be directly adverse to 

another client; or (2) there is a significant risk that the 

representation of one or more clients will be materially limited by 

the lawyer’s responsibilities to another client, a former client or a 

third person or by a personal interest of the lawyer.
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Id. Rule 1.7(b) also outlines four circumstances that must be present that

permits an attorney to engage in a representation despite the existence of a 

concurrent conflict of interest. It provides:

(b) Notwithstanding the existence of a concurrent conflict of 

interest under paragraph (a), a lawyer may represent a client if:

(1) the lawyer reasonably believes that the lawyer will be 

able to provide competent and diligent representation to 

each affected client;

(2) the representation is not prohibited by law;

(3) the representation does not involve the assertion of a 

claim by one client against another client represented by the 

lawyer in the same litigation or other proceeding before a 

tribunal; and

(4) each affected client gives informed consent.

Pa.R.P.C. 1.7(b).

Here, in denying Brown’s motion to disqualify counsel, the trial court

observed that Ballard’s representation of Brown in the derivative litigation 

terminated 21 years ago when Brown retained separate counsel to represent 

his interests. Trial Court Opinion, filed 12/29/21, at 2. The court found that 

Ballard’s representation of Brown involved no communication of confidential 

information between Brown and Ballard that could be used to Brown’s 

detriment in the present case. Id. The court determined that Rule 1.9 was not 

applicable because this matter is not the “same or substantially related” to the 

derivative action. Id. It further found that there was no conflict between the 

interests of Rite Aid and Ballard under Rule 1.7, “and even if there were, . . .

Rite Aid has selected Ballard as its counsel in this matter and has waived any 
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asserted conflict that would preclude Ballard from undertaking that 

representation.” Id. at 3.

We discern no error by the trial court in denying the motion for

disqualification. Brown does not allege that he communicated any confidential 

information to Attorney Slaughter or Ballard. Rather, he claims he 

communicated information to another firm, Swidler & Berlin, who was retained

by Rite Aid to conduct an internal investigation of its accounting practices.

Thus, Brown cannot claim any confidentiality interest in the unidentified

information he allegedly provided to Swidler & Berlin since he did not have an 

attorney-client relationship with Swidler & Berlin. 

Further, this case is not the “same or substantially related” to the 

derivative actions. The derivative actions involved shareholders bringing 

lawsuits against Rite Aid and its directors for accounting misreporting. This 

case arises from Brown’s claims of wrongful use of civil proceedings, abuse of 

process, and civil conspiracy against Rite Aid and its counsel based on their 

wrongful initiation of the Underlying Action. Additionally, although a party 

requesting disqualification need not disclose the specific confidential 

information that was obtained by their former counsel, see Pa.R.P.C. 1.9 cmt.

3, Brown fails to demonstrate how the information that Ballard allegedly 

obtained in its representation of Brown as a board member in the derivative 

action would be used to his detriment in the present case. Brown’s conclusory 

arguments do not carry his burden. Thus, disqualification under Rule 1.9 is 

not warranted.
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Disqualification under Rule 1.7 is also not warranted. By its plain terms, 

Rule 1.7 relates to a current client’s interest as it relates to his attorney. Brown 

is not the current client of Ballard or Attorney Slaughter. Therefore, Rule 1.7 

is inapplicable. Even if Rule 1.7 applied, Rite Aid has given its informed consent 

to Ballard’s concurrent representation of it, Ballard, and Attorney Slaughter in 

the defense of this case. Brown is not conceivably harmed by that concurrent 

representation. Thus, the court did not err in denying Brown’s motion for 

disqualification under Rule 1.7.

Order affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 03/27/2023