DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 402

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1915

PART II. SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN 

GULF OF MEXICO BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer 

GUY C. STEVENS and WARREN E. HALL, District Engineer*

WASHINGTON

GOVEBNMENT PBINTING OFFICE 

1916
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 402

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1915

PART II. SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTEKN 

GULF OF MEXICO BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

GUY C. STEVENS and WARREN E. HALL, District Engineers

Water Resources Branch, 

Geological Survey,

3106, Capitol Station

W-^ Ci^7, Okla»

WASHINGTON

^GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1916
ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM

THE SUPEEINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

16 CENTS PER COPY 

V
CONTENTS.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5

Definition of terms......................................................... 6

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 7

Explanation of data........................................................ 9

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 11

Cooperation.............................................................. 12

Division of work.......................................................... 12

Gaging-station records...................................................... 12

James Eiver basin..................................................... 12

James Eiver at Buchanan, Va..................................... 12

James Kiver at Holcomb Bock, Va.................................. 14

James Eiver at Cartersville, Va.................................... 15

Koanoke Eiver basin.................................................. 17

Eoanoke Eiver at Eoanoke, Va.................................... 17

Eoanoke Eiver at Old Gaston, N. C................................. 19

Peedee Eiver basin................................................... 20

Yadkin Eiver at Donnaha, N. C.................................... 20

Yadkin Eiver near Salisbury, N. C.................................. 22

Edisto Eiver basin..................................................... 24

Four Hole Creek near Eidgeville, S. C.............................. 24

Savannah Eiver basin................................................. 26

Tallulah Eiver at Mathis, Ga....................................... 26

Altamaha Eiver basin.................................................. 28

Ocmulgee Eiver near Jackson, Ga.................................. 28

Oconee Eiver near Greensboro, Ga.................................. 29

Oconee Eiver at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville, Ga............... 30

Apalachicola Eiver basin............................................... 32

Chattahoochee Eiver near Norcross, Ga.............................. 32

Chattahoochee Eiver at West Point, Ga............................. 34

Flint Eiver near Woodbury, Ga.................................... 36

Flint Eiver near Culloden, Ga...................................... 38

Flint Eiver at Albany, Ga......................................... 39

Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga.................................. 41

Escambia Eiver basin.................................................. 42

Conecuh Eiver at Beck, Ala....................................... 42

Mobile Eiver basin.................................................... 42

Oostanaula Eiver at Eesaca, Ga.................................... 42

Coosa Eiver at Eiverside, Ala....................................... 44

Etowah Eiver near Ball Ground, Ga................................ 45

Etowah Eiver near Eome, Ga..................................... 47

Tallapoosa Eiver at Sturdevant, Ala................................ 48

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 49

Index.................................................................... 51

Appendix Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources...... i

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. A, Price current meter; B, Typical gaging station. ................. 8

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez. . . . 9

. 3
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC 

AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS, 1915.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1915.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer, the Director, shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid west. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry bills passed by Congress have carried 

the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1895-1916.

1895....................................................... $12,500

1896....................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906, inclusive....................................... 200,000

1907....................................................... 150, 000

1908 to 1910, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1916, inclusive....................................... 150, 000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 12.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 3,800 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1915, 1,350 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many
6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1915,, PART II.

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In 

connection with this work, data were also collected in regard to 

precipitation, evaporation, storage, reservoirs, river profiles, and 

water power in many sections of the country and will be made available in water-supply papers from time to time.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth of inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, and 

millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A 

second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of 

rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed by the use 0f the factors given 

in the tables of convenient equivalents (p. 7).

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing runoff with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth of inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

"Millions of cubic feet" is applied to quantities of water stored in 

reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood control.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation of 

gage height to discharge."

"Control," " controlling section," and "point of control," terms used 

to designate the section or sections of the stream below the gage 

which determine the discharge relation at the gage. It should be 

noted that the control may not be the same section or sections at all 

stages.
CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 7

The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point 

on the gage the gage height to which the surface of tfre river 

would fall if there were no flow.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

in secondfeet per 

square mile.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.-...-...

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (depth in inches).

1 day.

0. 03719 

. 07438 

.11157 

. 14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10. 376

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

1.........

2.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

Run-off in acre-feet.

1 day.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17. 85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off in millions of cubic feet.

1 day.

0.0864 

.1728 

.2592 

.3456 

.4320 

.5184 

.6048 

.6912 

.7776

28 days.

2.419 

4.838 

7.257 

9.676 

12.10 

14.51 

16.93 

19.35 

21.77

29 days.

2.506 

5.012 

7.518 

10.02 

12.53 

15.04 

17.54 

20.05 

22.55

30 days.

2.592 

5.184 

7.776 

10.37 

12.96 

15.55 

18.14 

20.74 

23.33

31 days.

2.678 

5.356 

8.034 

10.71 

13.39 

16.07 

18.75 

21.42 

24.10

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.
STJEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II. 

Table for convening discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.. .......

8.........

9.........

Run-off in millions of gallons.

Iday.

0.6463 

1.293 

1.939 

2.585 

3.232 

3.878 

4.524 

5.171 

5.817

28 days.

18.10 

36.20 

54.30 

72.40 

90.50 

108.6 

126.7 

144.8 

162.9

29 days.

18.74 

37.48 

56.22 

74.96 

93.70 

112.4 

131.2 

149.9 

168.7

30 days.

19.39

38.78 

58.17 

77.56 

96.95 

116.3 

135.7 

155.1 

174.5

31 days.

20.04 

40.08 

60.12 

80.16 

100.2 

120.2 

140.3 

160.3 

180.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour.

[1 foot per second=0.681818 mile.per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour= 1.4666 

feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.]

Feet per 

second 

(units).

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7... ......

8.........

9

Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second.

0

0.000 

.682 

1.36 

2.05 

2.73 

3.41 

4.09 

4.77 

5.45 

6.14

1

0.068 

.750 

1.43 

2.11 

2.80 

3.48 

4.16 

4.84 

5.52 

6.20

2

0.136 

.818 

1.50 

2.18 

2.86 

3.55 

4.23 

4.91 

5.59 

6.27

3

0.205 

.886 

1.57 

2.25 

2.93 

3.61 

4.30 

4.98 

5.66 

6.34

4

0.273 

.995 

1.64 

2.32 

3.00 

3.68 

4.36 

5.05 

5.73 

6.41

5

0.341 

1.02 

1.70 

2.39 

3.07 

3.75 

4.43 

5.11 

5.80 

6.48

6

0.409 

1.09 

1.77 

2.45 

3.14 

3.82 

4.50 

5.18 

5.86 

'6.55

7

0.477 

1.16 

1.84 

2.52 

3.20 

3.89 

4.57 

5.25 

5.93 

6.61

8

0.545 

1.23 

1.91 

2.59 

3.27 

3.95 

4.64 

5.32 

6.00 

6.68

9

0.614 

1.30 

1.98 

2.66 

3.34 

4.02 

4.70 

5.39 

6.07 

6.75

Table for convening discharge in second-feet into theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. 

[1 second-foot=0.1136 theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. Weight of 1 cubic foot of water=62.5pounds.]

Tens.

0.........

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Units.

0

0.00 

1.14 

2.27 

3.41 

4.54 

5.68 

6.82 

7.95 

9.09 

10.2

1

0.114 

1.25 

2.39 

3.52 

4.66 

5.79 

6.93 

8.07 

9.20 

10.3

2

0.227 

1.36 

2.50 

3.64 

4.77 

5.91 

7.04 

8.18 

9.32 

10.5

3

0.341 

1.48 

2.61 

3.75 

4.88 

6.02 

7.16 

8.29 

9.43 

10.6

4

0.454 

1.59 

2.73 

3.86 

5.00 

6.13 

7.27 

8.41 

9.54 

10.7

5

0.568 

1.70 

2.84 

3.98 

5.11 

6.25 

7.38 

8.52 

9.66 

10.8

6

0.682 

1.82 

2.95 

4.09 

5.23 

6.36 

7.50 

8.63 

9.77 

10.9

7

0.795 

1.93 

3.07 

4.20 

5.34 

6.48 

7.61 

8.75 

9.88 

11.0

8

0.909 

2.04 

3.18 

4.32 

5.45 

6.59 

7.72 

8.86 

10.0 

11.1

9

1.02 

2.16 

3.29 

4.43 

5.57 

6.70 

7.84 

8.97 

10.1 

11.2

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches 

deep.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep.
I). S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 402 PLATE

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

JB. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 402 PLATE II

STEVENS. S. GURLEY PRINTING. 

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. 9

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for one 

day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month. 

1.000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month. 

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second. 

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second. 

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet. 

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot. 

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot. 

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet. 

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers. 

1 mile equals 5,280 feet. 

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare. 

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter. 

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot. 

1 horsepower equals 550 foot pounds per second. 

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second. 

1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. 

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

. m , , , , . ,, Second-feet X fall in feet , , To calculate water power quickly: ^ =net horsepower on

water-wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1,1914, and ending September 30,1915. At the first of Januaryin most 

parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the preceding 

three months is stored as ground water in the form of snow or ice, 

or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes off in 

the streams during the spring break-up; at the end of September, 

on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for the 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations (PI. I, B) consist of 

records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information
10 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1915,, PART II.

used to supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in 

determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder 

(PL II) that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter. The general 

methods are outlined in standard text books on the measurement of 

river discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when 

applied to the gage heights, give the daily discharge from which the 

monthly and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 

the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any 

conditions that may affect the constancy of the discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of 

backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease 

the flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives the discharge in second-feet 

corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each day. At 

stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal fluctuation 

the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean daily 

gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If 

such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the true mean 

daily discharge may be obtained by averaging the discharge for 

regular intervals during the day or by use of the discharge integrator.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed " Maximum " 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 

"Minimum " the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the 

mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the 

average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On this 

average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, 

which are defined on page 6, are based.
ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA. 11

The deficiency table presented for some of the gaging stations 

shows the number of days in each year on which the mean daily 

discharge was less than the discharge given in the table. By subtraction the table gives the number of days each year that the mean 

daily discharge was between the discharge given in the table, and, 

also by subtraction, the number of days that the mean daily discharge was equal to or greater than the discharge given. If one discharge rating table was used throughout the period covered by the 

deficiency table, gage heights that correspond to the discharge are 

also given. For convenience the theoretical horsepower per foot 

fall corresponding to the discharge is given in the table on page 8. 

In using the table for studies of power, allowance should be made for 

the various losses, the most important being wheel loss and head loss.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanency of the discharge relation, and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

Footnotes added to the daily discharge tables give information 

regarding the probable accuracy of the rating tables used, and an 

accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For 

the rating tables, "well defined" indicates in general that the rating 

is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," within 

10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate" within 15 to 25 

per cent. These notes are very general and are based on the plotting 

of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating 

curve.

The letter hi the column headed "Accuracy" in the monthly discharge table, rates the accuracy of the monthly mean and not that of 

the estimate of maximum or minimum discharge or the discharge for 

any one day. The rating is determined by considering the accuracy 

of the rating curve, the probable reliability of the observer, the number of gage readings per day, the range of the fluctuation hi stage, 

and local conditions. In this column A indicates that the mean 

monthly flow is probably accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 

per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special 

conditions are covered by footnotes.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high 

accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches may 

be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributmg districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the flow of the
12 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET II.

river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" and "run-off 

(depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such errors appear 

probable. The computations are also omitted for stations on streams 

draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less than 20 inches. 

All figures representing "second-feet per square mile" and "run-off 

(depth in inches)" previously published by the Survey should be used 

with caution because of possible inherent sources of error not known 

to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives' only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

Special acknowledgments are due for financial assistance rendered 

by the following corporations and individuals: Virginia Railway & 

Power Co., Alabama, Geological Survey, Division of Drainage Investigations of the United States Department of Agriculture, Southern 

Aluminium Co., Central Georgia Power Co., Columbus Power Co., 

Northern Contracting Co., J. M. Middlebrooks, sr., and Georgia Railway & Power Co.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in the James and Roanoke drainage basins 

were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of 

G. C. Stevens, assisted by H. J. Dean, J. G. Mathers, M. I. Walters, 

James E. Stewart, J. H. Morgan, and H. W. Fear.

The data for all drainage basins south of Roanoke River were 

collected and prepared for publication under the direction of Warren 

E. Hall, assisted by M. R. Hall, B. M. Hall, jr., B. J. Peterson, Frank 

Lederle, and Miss E. M. Tiller.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

JAMES RIVER BASIN. 

JAMES RIVER AT BUCHANAN, VA.

Location. At highway bridge near Chesapeake & Ohio Railway depot at Buchanan, Botetourt County.

Drainage area. 2,060 square miles.

Records available. August 18, 1895, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Chain gage attached to the highway bridge, installed November 21, 1903, 

to replace original wire gage read from August 18, 1895, to that date; read once 

daily by D. D. Booze for United States Weather Bureau. Datum of gage lowered 

2 feet April 3, 1897, to avoid negative readings. A span of the bridge and the 

gage were destroyed by flood on the night of March 27, 1913. A temporary gage 

was used from April 22 to September 15, 1913, when a new chain gage was 

installed.
JAMES K1VEII BASIN. 13

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of two-span highway 

bridge.

Channel and control. Bed of river under bridge composed of rock overlain with a 

thick deposit of mud; banks high and do not overflow except in extreme floods. 

Rock control several hundred feet below station; discharge relation not constant.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 17.25 feet February 3; discharge, 56.100 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 2.2 feet on several 

days in July and August; discharge, 340 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1895-1915: 31.0 feet during the night of March 27, 

1913 (determined by levels from flood marks October 2, 1914); discharge not computed. Minimum stage recorded: 1.2 feet (present gage datum), April 17 and 

May 2, 1896; discharge, 260 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation occasionally affected by ice for short periods.

Accuracy. Depends on frequency of discharge measurements to determine changes 

in rating curve. Results for 1915 considered fair.

Cooperation. Since July 15, 1906, gage-height records have been furnished by 

United States Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of James River at Buchanan, Va., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 2

2

. Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1 98

1.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

336

Date. Made by Gage 

height.

Feet.

2 7fi

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of James River at Buchanan, Va., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

5...-..-...-..-

6..............

7..............

9

10..............

11..............

10

15..............

16..............

17.-....-......-

18.....-...-..-.

10

20-.-.........-.

21..............

23..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

430

430

430

430

515

515

430

430

430

430

430

430

430

1,040

5,100

3,820

1,960

1,400

1,040

930

820

715

610

610

610

610

610

610

610

515

Nov.

515

515

515

515

515

515

515

515

515

515

515

515

515

1,040

1,670

1,530

1,280

1,040

1,040

930

820

71 P*

715

610

610

515

515

Dec.

6,020

5,780

4,450

4,450

13,800

16,500

14,800

6,250

5,100

4,240

3,610

3,210

3,020

4,020

4,020

3 89ft

3,610

4 450

4^450

4 450

A Attfl

4.450

4,880

4,880

4,880

Jan.

8,100

6,600

5,670

5,220

4,780

4,340

44,600

13,900

Q Ifirt

9,160

9 710

14^600

9 160

7,590

6,600

6,600

21,700

12,100

9 44.0

7,090

5,670

5,220

5,220

5,220

5,000

4,780

4,560

Feb.

4,340

35,800

56,100

18,900

12,500

9,200

7,560

6,780

6,280

5,800

5,100

4,640

4,410

4,190

3,970

3,970

3 Q7fl

3,970

3 Q7fl

3 7fifi

3 7fifl

3 7fift

3 Q7fl

1C QAA

11 900

5,100

Mar.

3,970

3,970

3,970

3,970

3,970

3,760

3,760

3,760

3,760

3

KA{\

3,970

3,760

3

KA{\

3,340

3,130

2,930

2,550

2,380

2,200

1 880

1^880

1,740

1,740

1,740

1,740

1 600

1,600

1,600

Apr.

1,390

1,390

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

900

900

900

May.

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

1,010

1,010

1,010

900

900

900

790

, 790

790

7Qrt

790

flQfl

690

690

690

Aon

690

3,860

June.

2,460

3,230

9,340

7,420

4,980

3,440

2,830

2,290

2 9Qft

2,120

2,120

2,120

1 960

1 960

2,830

2,460

1 960

l'670

1 °.Qft

1,260

1,130

1,010

900

790

7Qft

690

con

500

July.

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

420

420

420

420

420

°.4.n

340

340

340

340

340

FtQft

KQft

QAA

Qftft

790

790

flQft

^an

KAA,

500

KAA.

Aug.

500

500

420

420

420

420

420

340

340

340

420

I Qfifl

1 1°/1

1,010

900

onn

790

790

fiQfl

690

590

enn

KAA,

420

420

340

340

1 1°>fl

2,290

1,130

Sept.

1

1 on

1,130

1,130

i *^fl

4

7rn

7 960

2,640

1,390

1,130

1,010

900

QHft

7*90

7Qrt

fiQft

Ron

590

KQfl

enfl

enn

enA

KAA,

500

KAA,

420

420

420

420

420

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Feb. 3, from a rating curve fairly well defined below 

20,000 second-feet; Feb. 4 to Sept. 30, from a rating curve fairly well defined below 3,000 second-feet.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Monthly discharge of James River at Buchanan, Va.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 2,060 square miles.]

Month.

March. ............

July....................................

September ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,100 

1,670 

16,500

45,700 

56,100 

3,970

1,390 

3,860 

9,340

900 

2,290 

7,960

56,100

Minimum.

430 

515 

3,020

4,340 

3,760 

1,600

900 

690 

500

340 

340 

420

340

Mean.

897 

726 

5,580

10,300 

9,400 

2,850

1,120 

1,010 

2,330

510 

690 

1,170

3,010

Per 

square 

mile.

0.435 

.352 

2.71

5.00 

4.56 

1.38

.544 

.490 

1.13

.248 

.335 

.568

1.46

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.50 

.39 

3.12

5.76 

4.75 

1.59

.61 

.56 

1.26

.29 

.39 

.63

19.85

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B.

C. 

C. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

Days of deficiency in discharge of James River at Buchanan, Va., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Discharge 

ia secondfeet.

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

700

800

1,000

Days of 

deficiency in discharge.

13

13

44

44

85

93

114

131

161

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,500

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Days of 

deficiency 

in discharge.

201

211

214

224

231

243

250

286

313

327

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

8,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

70,000

Days of 

deficiency 

in discharge.

340

349

357

360

361

361

362

364

365

JAMES RIVER AT HOLCOMB ROCK, VA.

Location. At works of the Virginia Electrolytic Co., at Holcomb Rock, Bedford 

County.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Records available. Gage heights January 1, 1900, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. A copper float inclosed in a stilling box, with a vertical rod extending up 

through power-house floor; read twice daily to tenths by employees of the Virginia Electrolytic Co.

Discharge measurements. None made at this station.

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded during year: 17.8 feet at 8 a. m. 

January 8. Minimum stage recorded: 0.7 foot, October 2.

Maximum stage recorded, 1900-1915: 26.8 feet, at S a. m., March 28, 1913. 

Minimum stage recorded: 0.9 foot, September 14, 1913.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by the Virginia Electrolytic Co.
JAMES EIVEE BASIN. 15

Daily gage height, in feet, of James River at Holcomb Rock, Fa.,/or the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[R. D. Damson, observer.]

Day.

1... .........

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9

10............

11............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22.....".......

23............

24............

25............

26............

27. ...........

28. ...........

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

-0.6

- .7

- .65

- .65

- .4

__ 0

__ 0

- .35

- .35

- .1

_ g

q

- .45

- .25

2.4

1.1

.55

.25

.1

- .05

__ 1

__ O

__ OK

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

Nov.

-0.4

 .4

- .5

- .35

- .4

- .4

- .55

- .3

- .4

- .5

- .55

- -4

- .55

- .4

.55

1.2

.9

.55

.4

.2

.1

.0

- .1

- .05

- .15

- .15

- .2

- .3

- .3

- .1

Dec.

2.7

3.05

2.25

1.7

8.65

8.65

5.3

3.45

2.7

2.2

2.05

1 S"?

1.65

1.6

1.35

1.0

.6

.75

.8

1.35

2.9

4.4

4.4

3.05

2.4

9 n

1.5 1 ?

1.25

2.25

4.6

Jan.

3.8

2.75

2.55

1 Q

1.6

1.5

9 05

IK ic

7 OK

* ^.5

4.0

5.65

7.5

5

0

4.6

4 2

3 Q

7.55

7 Q

5

KK

A 1 K

3

0

9 Q

3.0

3 A

3

K

2

7K

2.5

2.25

2.1

Feb.

2.45

16.1

9.2

6.5

5.75

% 7

% 7

 ? d

2

AK

2

0

9 1*.

2.0

2.4

9 Q

2 AC

2.4

1 Q

1.7

1.6

d 7"?

9 1

6.3

4 7t

1 7*.

Mar.

3.25

2.65

2.35

2.1

1.9

1 Q

2

flK

2.3

2.4

2

0

2.3

2.45

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

1 9

1 Q^

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.4

1 3

1 9

1 9

1 9

1.0

1.0

.95

1.0

Apr.

0.9

.9

.9

.7

.85

.7

.6

.7

1 2

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

.7

.7

1.0

.7

.6

.7

.9

.7

.9

May.

0.9

.4

.8

.7

.7

.6

.4

.8

.9

.7

.6

.8

.7

.8

.7

.6

.6

.8

.6

.3

.7

.7

.4

.9

.4

.6

.5

1.2

.7

June.

0.7

3.4

5.9

6.0

4.2

4.3

4.9

«, 9

1.6

1.3

1.1

.9

.9

Q

1.05

1 KK

1.9

1 OK

2 AC

1 O

1.05

<j

.6

.7

OK

.1

AK

.1

July.

0.15

.1

.1

__ O

.15

.4

.2

M

.15

.05

-.25

AK

.0

.3

.2

..... 2

-.05

-.3

.45

1 1

.6

7K

.7

.25

4K

.1.1

Aug.

0.15

.55

.5

.7

.6

.35

.3

.0

.25

.1

.2

1.1

1.7

.85

.4

.3

.95

.5

.3

.1

.45

.25

.3

.1

.2

.15

.0

.15

1.05

1.4

Sept.

1.05

.7

1.15

1.4

1.75

4.35

3.35

1.65

1.25

1.0

.6

.75

.45

.4

.4

.1

.15

.25

.25

.3

.3

.15

.15

.1

.0

.0

.0

.2

JAMES EIVEE AT CAETEESVILLE, VA.

Location. At highway bridge between Pemberton and Cartersville, Cumberland 

County, about 50 miles above Richmond. Willis River enters from the south 

about a mile above station, and Rivanna River from the north about 7 miles above.

Drainage area. 6,230 square miles.

Records available. January 1, 1899, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Chain on downstream side and near Cartersville end of bridge; read twice 

daily by B. W. Palmore. Wire gage used previous to July 24, 1903.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Channel and control. Both banks high; left bank overflows at a stage of about 20 

feet. Bed of stream composed of rocks and sand; changes somewhat during 

floods.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 20.6 feet at 8.30 

a. m. February 4; discharge, 69,300 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.5 

foot at 9.20 a. m. October 3; discharge, 800 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1899-1915: 26.7 feet at 6 p. m. December 30, 1901; 

discharge approximately 106,000 second-feet. Minimum stage observed: 0.5 foot, 

October 3, 1914; discharge, 800 second-feet. A discharge of 603 second-feet (gage 

height 0.42 foot) was measured September 8, 1897, but gage height corresponding 

to this measurement is probably subject to error.

Winter flow. Ice forms only during severe winters, but discharge relation is seldom 

affected thereby.
16 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Accuracy. Records good, except when changes in discharge relation, caused by 

shifting channel, have not been well determined by discharge measurements. 

Estimates at extremely high stages may be subject to considerable error, as discharge above point of overflow has not been accurately determined.

Discharge measurements of James River at Cartersville, Va., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 1

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.62

1.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,050

2,630

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of James River at Cartersville, Va., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

2.......

4.......

5.......

7.......

8.......

g

10.......

12.......

10

14....... is......:

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

22.......

OO

25.......

9fi

27.......

28.......

on

30

01

Oct.

980

830

890

1,080

1,470

1,510

1,300

1,740

1,570

1,510

1,470 

3,630

4,670

13,500

9 7RO

8,060

4,460

4,040

2,830

2,270

2,180

2,180

2,090 

1,740

1,740

1,740

Nov.

1,740

1,660

1 660

1^660

1,540

1,510

1,430

1,430

1,490

1,570

1,570

1,740

1 KAf\

1,510 

2,640

11,900

8,300

6,190

4,670

3

4on

3,030

2

4tn

2,270

2 180

2,090 

2,000

2 fton

Dec.

2,270

2,640

9 030 s'soa

7,340

22,000

13,800

10 800

9,280

8,540

7,820

9,280 

8,300

6,420

5,310

4,880

4,880

11, 100

16,200

11,400

10 600

8,780 

6,650

7,110

9 280

1 O f\f)(\

Jan.

15,000

13,800

8, 780

8,060

6,880

62,200

59,000

19,300

20,300

52,000

35,900 

25,000

20,300

19,000

18,300

29,300

30,000

20,600

12,200

14,100

12,400 

11,600

10 800

8^780

9,030

Feb.

9,530

38,600

61,700

67,300

38,200

28,200

25,800

20,900

18,300

13,800

11,600

22,000 

9,280

9,780

10,300

10 300 lo'ooo

11,600

8,540

7,820

7,340

7,580

37, 400

36, 700

26,400 

22,600

Mar.

14, 700

12,200

10,800

10,000

8,780

10,000

12,200

11,100

10,600

10,000

9,530

9,530

9,280 

8,780

8,300

8,060

7,820

7,580

7,340

7,340

7,110

6,420

6,190

5,970

5,310 

5,310

5,090

4,880

4,880

Apr.

4,880

4,670

4,670

4,880

5,090

4,670

4,880

4,670

4,670

4,250

4,250

5,090

4,880

4,670 

4,460

4,250

4,250

4,250

4,040

3,830

3,830

3,830

3,830

3,630

3,630

3,630

3,430 

3,430

3,230

3,230

May.

3,030

3,030

3,030

3,030

3,230

3,030

2,830

2,830

2,830

2,830

2,640

2,830

3,230

3,230 

3,230

3,230

2,830

2,640

2,450

2,450

2,270

2,270

2,180

2,180

2,270

2,360

2,450 

2,640

2,180

2,830

June.

3,830

8,780

31,400

24,400

23,700

20,600

11,600

9,280

7,820

7,110

6,650

5,970

5,530

4,670 

4,460

4,460

4,460

4,460

4,670

4,460

4,880

4,430

3,980

3,540

3,090

2,640

2,450 

2,090

2,000

1,910

July.

2,270

2,000

1,740

1,660

2,640

6,420

4,040

2.640

2,270

2,090

2,000

1.910

1,820

1,570 

1,570

1,740

1,740

2,270

1,910

1,910

5,530

4,250

5,310

3,230

3,030

2,830

2,270 

2,000

2,090

1,910

1,820

Aug.

1,740

"2,360

2,450

6,420

7,820

6,420

4,880

3,830

2,450

2,270

2,000

2,090

14,100

5,970 

5,090

4,250

3,030

2,830

5,090

3,030

2, 450

2,830

3,830

3,030

2,640

2,450

2,090 

2,270

3,030

5,310

6,190

Sept.

5,750

5,530

6,880

7,580

7,110

7,340

14,400

12.400

9,280

7,110

5,750

5,310

4,880

3,430 

3,430

2,830

2,640

2,450

5,750

3,830

2,640

3,430

2,640

2,640

2,450

2,180

1,910 

1,910

2,090

2,090

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 10,000 second-feet and fairly well 

defined between 10,000 and 40,000.
KOANOKE RIVER BASIN. 17

re of James River at Carter smile, Fa., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 6,230 square miles.]

Month.

February. . ............................. March.......... . ...

April....................................

May.....................................

June......... . . ... .. .

July.. .............................

August... . ..............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,500 

11,900 

32,200 

62,200 

67,300 

14,700 

5,090 

3,430 

31,400 

6,420 

14,100 

14,400

67,300

Minimum.

815 

1,430 

2,270 

6,880 

7,340 

4,880 

3,230 

2,180 

1,910 

1,570 

1,740 

1,910

815

Mean.

2,800 

2,790 

10,500 

22,000 

21,300 

8,420 

4,230 

2,760 

7,640 

2,600 

4,010 

4,920

7,760

Per 

square 

mile.

0.449 

.448 

1.69 

3.53 

3.42 

1.35 

.679 

.443 

1.23 

.417 

.644 

.790

1.25

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.52 

.50 

1.95 

4.07 

3.56 

1.56 

.76 

.51 

1.37 

.48 

.74 

.88

16.90

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. . A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

Days of deficiency in discharge of James River at Carter smile, Va., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

840

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,200

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

Davs of deficiency in 

discharge.

2

3

4

5

5

6

24

39

53

73

99

124

151

165

184

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

Days of deficiency in 

discharge.

205

226

238

257

290

308

324

333

345

351

360

360

362

365

ROANOKE RIVER BASIN. 

ROANOKE RIVER AT ROANOKE, VA.

Location. At Walnut Street highway bridge in Roanoke, Roanoke County.

Drainage area. 388 square miles.

Gage. Chain on downstream side of Walnut Street bridge; read once daily by employees of Roanoke Railway & Electric Co. Wire gage used previous to November 28, 1903.

Records available.-^July 10, 1896, to July 15, 1906; May 7, 1907, to September 30, 

1915.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of Walnut Street bridge 

or from Jefferson Street bridge about one-third mile above. Measurement of 

overflow from Crystal Spring, which enters river between the two bridges, added 

when discharge measurements are made at Jefferson Street bridge.

Channel and control. Bed composed of coarse gravel and small bowlders. Both 

banks may overflow at extreme flood stages. Control, loose bowlders; shifts 

slightly. 

32499° WSP 402 16 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY-, 1915, PART II.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9.3 feet at 8.30 a. m., 

December 5; discharge, 10,200 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.6 foot, 

October 1-4; discharge, 65 second-feet. Maximum stage recorded 1896-1915: 

14.34 feet, August 6, 1901; discharge, 16,900 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded, 0.0 on gage, morning of December 23, 1909, when flow was retarded by 

freezing; reported that practically no water was flowing.

Winter flow. Ice seldom forms at station but flow is sometimes retarded by freezing 

of headwaters.

Accuracy. Frequent measurements necessary to adequately define rating curve at 

low stages. Rating curves at high stages not well defined and estimates of discharge only fair except for periods during which frequent measurements were 

made.

Cooperation. Gage-height records furnished by Roanoke Railway & Electric Co., 

J. W. Hancock, general manager.

Daily discharge measurements of Roanoke River at Roanoke, Va., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 3

3

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.60

.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

63

71

Date. Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1AJL

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Roanoke River at Roanoke, Va., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

65

65

65

65

143

173

115

89

115

115

89

89

89

115

143

1,330

620

326

242

206

173

143

143

115

143

115

115

115

115

115

89

Nov.

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

, 89

89

89

89

89

490

206

375

242

206

173

173

143

173

143

11 ^

115

115

115

115

206

Dec.

1,130

1,330

770

550

10,200

2,520

1,540

1,130

770

690

690

550

490

550

375

326

326

326

282

690

940

1,540

940

690

620

CKfl

dQft

4Qft

490

1,130

1.330

Jan.

950

793

578

578

512

ARf\

8,300

2,670 i <y?n

1,050

793

1,810

2,050

1,360

1,050

870

793

1,250

1,360

1,050

870

647

578

578

578

719

578

578

578

578

512

Feb.

512

5,880

2,670

1,690

1,250

1,150

870

793

719

647

647

578

512

512

450

647

578

512

512

450

450

450

392

793

1,810

1,050

870

647

Mar.

578

512

512

450

 450

647

793

719

647

647

719

647

578

578

512

512

578

578

578

512

512

450

450

392

392

338

338

338

338

290

290

Apr.

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

9QD

290

290

290

248

248

248

248

248

248

248

248

211

211

211

May.

211

211

211

248

248

211

211

211

211

177

177

211

290

211

177

177

177

177

177

177

177

146

146

177

177

146

146

146

146

512

481

June.

338

1,050

1,250

793

578

450

338

290

248

248

211

211

211

177

647

338

338

248

211

211

177

177

146

146

140

123

123

123

85

85

July.

85

140

123

132

140

248

146

132

132

140

117

112

117

117

117

132

140

112

112

117

132

132

146

211

1 co

117

ina

95

90

85

on

Aug.

104

117

90

146

146

123

90

85

85

85

90

381

230

146

132

104

146

132

132

85

177

211

132

95

on

85

70

314

314

248

248

Sept.

290

211

719

1,690

2,290

1,930

870

578

450

338

290

248

211

870

392

290

230

211

211

211

211

211

177

146

146

146

146

177

177

177

NOTE. Discharge determined from two fairly well-defined rating curves, applicable Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 

and Jan. 1 to Sept. 30. Discharge interpolated Apr. 12 and June 27.
ROANOKE EIVEE BASIN. 19

Monthly discharge of Roanoke River at Roanoke, Fa., for the year ending Sept: 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 388 square miles.]

Month.

May........ ... .........................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,330 

490 

10,200 

8,300 

5,880 

793 

290 

512 

1,250 

248 

381 

2,290

10,200

Minimum.

65 

89 

282 

450 

392 

290 

211 

146 85- 

85 

70 

146

65

Mean.

182 

145 

1,110 

1,180 

1,000 

512 

269 

210 

324 

128 

149 

475

472

Per 

square 

mile.

0.469 

.374 

2.86 

3.04 

2.58 

1.32 

.693 

.541 

.835 

.330 

.384 

1.22

1.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

- 0.54 

.42 

3.30 

3.51 

2.69 

1.52 

.77 

.62 

.93 

.38 

.44 

1.36

16.48

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

EOANOKE RIVER AT OLD GASTON, N. C.

Location. At bridge of Roanoke Railway Co., at Old Gaston, Northampton County, 

about three-fourths mile below mouth of Indian Creek, 1J miles north of Thelma, 

N. C., and 2^ miles above mouth of Deep Creek.

Drainage area. 8,350 square miles.

Records available. December 7, 1911, to September 30, 1935.

Gage. Chain gage attached to outside of guard timber on downstream side of second 

span from right end of deck-plate girder railroad bridge of Roanoke Railway Co.; 

read once daily by R. A. Howell.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached. Measuring section broken by 11 bridge piers.

Channel and control. Channel fairly permanent; point of control, about 1 mile 

below gage, is of rock and probably permanent. Left bank overflows in extreme 

floods, but a fair determination can be made of the overflow discharge around 

the bridge.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 10.7 feet, January 

10; discharge, 72,300 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.95 foot, October 

1; discharge, 790 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1911-1915: 16.6 feet at 7 a. m., March 18, 1912; discharge, 210,000 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.95 foot at 6 a. m., 

October 1, 1914; discharge, 790 second-feet.

Flood of 1877 highest known in this locality. No definite marks preserved at 

Old Gaston, but from authentic information regarding the crest height as observed 

in 1877, the approximate height has been determined as about 19 feet, referred to 

present gage datum. The corresponding discharge is about 275,000 second-feet.

Winter now. Ice sometimes forms to considerable thickness at this station, but the 

discharge relation is seldom affected thereby.

Regulation. Persons engaged in the operation of power plants at Roanoke Rapids 

and Weldon have observed on Tuesday or Wednesday during periods of low 

water a trough probably due to the weekly shutdown of large power plants farther 

upstream.

Accuracy. Rating curve believed to be reliable and results excellent.

No discharge measurements were made during the year.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofRoanoke River at Old Gaston, N. C., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.....

2.....

3.....

4.....

5.....

6.

7.....

8.

9. ...

10.....

U v--- 12*.

13...

14. is...;.

16...

17.....

18..

19.....

20.....

21.

22.

23...

24.

25.....

26.

27.....

28.....

29.....

30... .

31.....

Oct.

790

915

1,130

900

915

915

1,130

5,140

3,090

2,620

2,460

2,020

1,250

1, 300

915

5,870

8,210

21,400

10, 900

6,620

5,140

3,410

2,460

2,620

2,310

2,160

2,460

2,930

2,770

2,460

2,360

Nov.

2,360

2,160

1,370

1,250

2,160

2,160

2,020

2,360

1,880

2,360

2,360

2,460

2,360

2,360

2,620

6,620

9,960

11,900

10,900

5,870

3,740

3,410

2,930

2,460

2,310

2,930

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,620

Dec.

2,160

2,020

6,240

10,900

8,210

8,210

40,600

35,100

15,300

10,900

9,060

8,210

8,210

9,060

14,700

11,900

9,500

8,210

7,400

5,870

6,620

11,400

13,000

13,000

11,900

19,200

28,200

20,600

14,200

19, 900

34,200

Jan.

27,400

20,600

14,700

10, 900

9,960

9,060

9,960

41,600

57,500

72, 300

38,800

14,700

.46,400

53,300

35,100

20,600

14,700

11,900

30,700

36,000

26,600

17,900

13,600

9,960

10,900

13,600

14,200

13,000

10,900

9,960

9,060

Feb.

9,060

15, 300

56,400

57, 500

38,800

21,400

15,900

14,200

11,900

10,900

9,960

9,060

9,060

8,210

4,780

9,060

10,900

10,900

9,960

8,630

8,210

7,400

7,400

7,400

13,600

33,300

27,400

15,300

Mar.

11,900

9,960

9,060

8,210

8,210

8,210

15,900

13,600

17,900

15,300

12,500

10,900

9,500

9,060

8,630

7,800

8,630

9,960

8,210

9,060

7,400

8,210

6,620

7,800

7,400

6,620

4,780

6,620

4,780

4,080

6,620

Apr.

5,500

5,870

6,620

8,630

11,900

13,000

11,900

10,900

9,960

8,210

5,870

7,010

9,960

9,960

9,060

8,210

6,620

8,210

7,400

4,960

4,430

5,140

4,780

4,430

5,500

4,780

4,600

5,320

4,600

4,600

May.

4,260

4,430

4,780

4,080

4,430

4,780

4,260

4,780

5,140

6,240

5,870

6,240

5,140

5,320

5,870

4,780

4,260

4,780

3,740

3,580

900

3,580

2,620

3,580

3,250

3,580

3,410

1,020

3,740

6,620

7,400

June,

5,140

11,400

53, 300

60,800

60,800

17,900

13,000

5,140

4,430

6,620

5,870

4,780

4,960

4,080

3,740

5,500

4,430

4,780

5,870

4,430

3,740

3,740

3,580

3,410

2,930

2,770

2,620

2,460

2,310

1,750

July.

2,620

2,310

2,160

2,620

2,770

3,410

3,910

6,240

5,500

4,780

3,410

2,770

2,460

3,090

2,770

3,410

3,250

2,460

2,310

3,250

3,090

3,740

5,320

5,140

4,080

?,090

2,930

2,460

2,460

2,310

2,020

Aug.

3,410

3,250

2,770

11,900

14,700

9,960

11,400

5,870

4,430

3,090

2,160

3,740

26,600

38,800

10,400

7,400

5,870

5,140

8,630

6,620

5,870

7,400

14,200

9,960

7,010

5,140

3,250

2,620

22, 800

35,100

26,600

Sept.

17,900

13,000

11,900

9,060

28,200

16,600

26,600

20,600

12,500

10,900

7,400

6,620

6,240

4,260

5,320

4,260

3,740

4,260

2,620

3,250

2,930

3,580

3,250

3,090

2,770

2,160

2,770

2,930

2,620

2,160

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 33,300 second-feet, and fairly well 

defined up to 181,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Roanoke River at Old Gaston, N. C., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[Drainage area, 8,350 square miles.]

Month.

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

21,400 

11,900 

40,600 

72,300 

57,500 

17,900 

13,000 

7,400 

60,800 

6,240 

38,800 

28,200

72,300

Minimum.

790 

1,250 

2,020 

9,060 

4,780 

4,080 

4,430 

900 

1,750 

2,020 

2,160 

2,160

790

Mean.

3,540 

3,540 

13,700 

23,400 

16,500 

9,140 

7,260 

4,400 

10, 500 

3,300 

10,500 

8,120

9,460

Per 

square 

mile.

0.424 

.424 

1.64 

2.80 

1.98 

1.09 

.870 

.527 

1.26 

.395 

1.26 

.973

1.13

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.49 

.47 

1.89 

3.23 

2.06 

1.26 

.97 

.61 

1.41 

.46 

1.45 

1.09

15.39

Accuracy.

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

RIVER BASIN. 

YADKIN RIVER AT DONNAHA, N. C.

Location. At toll bridge in Donnaha on road between Donnaha and East Bend, 

N. C., about a quarter of a mile west of Donnaha railway station, and about 6 miles 

downstream from mouth of Ararat River, which enters from the left; about 60 

miles upstream from gaging station at Salisbury, N. C.
PEEDEE KIVER BASIN. 21

Drainage area. 1,600 square miles.

Records available. April 11, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Vertical gage in four sections on left bank 150 feet downstream from left end 

of toll bridge; read twice daily by J. F. Goolsby.

Discharge measurements. Made from three-span toll bridge with two piers in 

stream and two on banks. Bridge has steel trestle approaches at both ends. 

Flood water confined under bridge except during extreme floods above about 28 

feet.

Channel and control. Channel sand and bedrock; probably permanent. Current 

slightly obstructed by two old steel trusses lying about 150 and 400 feet, respectively, below bridge; obstructions probably permanent. Control, a rock ledge extending across river and forming a shoal about 450 feet below gage.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 20.4 feet at 7 

a. m. January 7; discharge, approximately 26,700 second-feet, based on extension 

of rating curve. Minimum stage recorded: 4.7 feet at 6 p. m. October 1, 8 a. m. 

and 6 p. m. October 2 and 3, 8 a. m. October 10 and 12, and 6 p. m. October 14; 

discharge, 720 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1913-1915: 20.4 feet at 7 a. m. January 7, 1915; discharge, approximately 26,700 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 4.65 feet 

at 4 p. m. September 30, 1914; discharge, 678 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation not affected by ice.

Regulation. None except a few small mill dams on tributaries.

Accuracy. Results good for medium and ordinary low stages.

No discharge measurements were made during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Yadkin River at Donnaha, N. C. , for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

r...... ........

2..............

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

23..............

01

23. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

815

720

720

6,270

5,290

1,600

1,320

1,050

815

815

815

815

1,050

815

1,050

12,700

4,320

2,770

1,880

1,050

1,320

1,320

1,180

1,050

1,050

925

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

Nov.

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

925

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

2,470

4,960

2,470

1,880

1,740

1,600

1,600

1,460

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,180

1,180

1,600

2,920

Dec.

11,000

11,200

6,950

6,610

20,200

6,440

4,800

4,640

4,320

4,160

3,680

3,070

2,920

2,770

2,770

4,800

5,290

7,630

5,940

3,680

2,770

3,070

2,770

3,070

3,370

3,370

3,070

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,770

Jan.

2,470

2,470

2,470

2,470

2,170

4,960

17,800

7,120

4,160

2,470

3,370

7,970

4,640

4,000

3,370

3,370

4,000

5,450

8,480

4,320

3,370

3,070

2,920

2,770

2, 770

2,770

6,440

6,950

4,320

4,000

3,070

Feb.

2,770

2,770

3,370

6,270

5,290

4,000

3,680

3,370

3,370

3,220

3,070

2,920

2,770

2,770

2,920

4,320

3,680

3,370

3,370

3,220

3,220

3,370

3,370

4,160

4,800

4,000

3,370

Mar.

3,070

3,070

2,920

2,920

2,770

2,770

3,680

3,680

3,370

3,070

2,920

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,470

2,470

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,170

Apr.

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,030

2,170

2,770

2,320

2,170

2,170

2,170

2.170

2,170

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,170

May.

1,880

1,880

1,880

2,030

2,030

1,880

1,880

2,170

2,170

2,030

1,880

2,170

2,170

1,880

1,880

1,880

1,880

1,740

1,740

1,740

1,740

1,880

1,880

2,620

1 880

1 880

1,880

1,880

1,880

2,170

2,470

June.

2,770

6,950

3,370

1,600

1,600

2,170

1,880

1,880

1,740

1,740

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,600

1,740

1,880

1,740

1,740

1,600

1,600

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

July.

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,460

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,180

1,180

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

Aug.

1,050

1,180

2,030

1,320

1,180

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

3,680

3,370

3,220

3,070

2,770

2,470

2,170

1,740

1,880

4,960

2,770

2,170

1,880

1,600

1,460

4,000

4,000

2,770

4,800

3,070

Sept.

2,030

1,600

1,600

1,600

5,290

4,640

2,030

1,600

1,600

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,180

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,180

1,600

1,460

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 1,000 and 4,000 secondfeet; below 1,000 second-feet the curve is based on a fairly accurate determination of the point of zero flow; 

above 5,000 second-feet it is approximate, and discharge estimates should be used with caution.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Monthly discharge of Yadkin River at Donnaha, N. C.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,600 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,700 

4,960 

20,200

17,800 

6,780 

3,680

2,770 

2,620 

6,950

1,600 

4,960 

5,290

20,200

Minimum.

720 

925 

2,770

2,170 

2,770 

2,170

2,030 

1,740 

1,320

1,050 

1,050 

1,050

720

Mean.

1,900 

1,500 

5,010

4,520 

3,700 

2,690

2,140 

1,970 

1,880

1,340 

2,290 

1,630

2,540

Per 

square 

mile.

1.19 

.938 

3.13

2.82 

2.31 

1.68

1.34 

1 23 

1.18

.838 

1.43 

1.02

1.59

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.37 

1.05 

3.61

3.25 

2.40 

1.94

1.50 

1.42 

1.32

.97 

1.65, 

1.14

21.62

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

C.

B. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

A.

YADKIN RIVER NEAR SALISBURY, N. C.

Location. At highway bridge known as the Piedmont Toll Bridge, 1,000 feet above

Southern Railway bridge, 6 miles east of Salisbury, and about 5 miles below mouth

of South Yadkin River. 

Drainage area. 3,400 square miles. 

Records available. September 24, 1895, to December 31, 1909; September 1,1911,

to September 30, 1915. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to highway bridge; read twice daily by J. T.

Yarbrough. From the date of establishment to May 31, 1899, the gage was at the.

Southern 'Railway bridge, and from the latter date it was at the highway bridge

until moved back to the railroad bridge early in 1903, where it remained until the

end of 1905. Since January 1, 1906, the gage has been at the highway bridge at

the datum originally established there in 1899. The last gage at the railroad

bridge read the same as the gage at the highway bridge at gage height 3.2 feet, but

not for higher and lower stages. Datum of the original gage at the railroad bridge

somewhat uncertain. 

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge. During the time that

gage was at railroad bridge most of the.measurements were made from that bridge. 

Channel and control. Channel wide and rather rough; control, a rock ledge about

500 feet below bridge, extending entirely across river. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 12.8 feet at 7

a. m. January 8; discharge, 58,600 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.65

feet at 7 a. m. October 1 and 2; discharge, 1,080 second-feet. 

Maximum stage recorded 1895-1915: 18.8 feet, March 20, 1899; discharge,

115,000 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.2 feet, September 20, October 5,

November 22 and 26, 1897; discharge, 900 second-feet. 

Winter now. Discharge relation little, if at all, affected by ice. 

Regulation. Flow during low stages may be slightly affected by developed powers

on the river and tributaries above. 

Accuracy. Owing to fact that station has an excellent natural control, the rating

curve for low and medium stages is good.

The following discharge measurement was made by Warren E. Hall: 

September 23, 1915: Gage height, 2.21 feet; discharge, 2,260 second-feet.
PEE DEE EIVER BASIN. 23

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Yadkin River near Salisbury, N.C.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14.............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

27..............

28..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,250

1,300

1,250

1,380

13,000

7,980

3,790

2,410

1,940

1,730

1,730

2,800

2,930

3,500

5,740

14,400

26,400

8,770

4,240

3,210

2,930

2,540

2,410

2,170

2,930

3,210

3,210

2,930

2,290 

2,170

2,060

Nov.

1,940

2,170

1,940

1,940

1,840

1,730

1,730

1,730

2,170

2 ftfin

1,840

1,730

1,940

1,690

2,930

7,210

6,460

3,790

2,930

2,660

2,410

2,410

2,660

2,410

2,290

2,170

1,940

1,940

2,170 

2,410

Dec.

9,580

18,700

15,800

11,300

35,300

50,200

22,200

10,400

7,210

7,210

6,830

5,390

5,050

9,170

7,590

5,050

3,790

3,940

3,790

3,790

4,720

5,390

4,720

4,240

9,580

31,600

24,800

9,580

7,980 

14,900

11,700

Jan.

7,210

5,740

5,050

4,400

4,240

4,720

39,300

54,400

18,200

8,770

7,210

12,200

20,700

12,200

7,980

6,460

6,100

13,500

23,800

18,700

10,400

7,590

6,830

6,100

6,100

6,100

5,740

5,390

5,050 

5,050

4,720

Feb.

5,050

19,200

23,200

12,200

8,370

7,210

7,210

6,460

5,740

5,390

5,050

5,050

4,720

4,720

4,720

6,100

7,210

5,740

5,050

5,050

4,400

4,400

4,400

7,210

24,800

14,400

8,770

6,830

Mar.

5,740

5,390

5,050

5,050

5,050

8,770

9,580

7,590

6,460

t; ?4fi

5,390

5,050

4,400

4,720

4,400

4,720

5,050

4,400

4,400

4,240

4,400

4,400

4,090

4,090

4,090

3,790

3,790

4,090 

4,090

Apr.

4,090

4,400

4,400

5,050

4,240

4,090

4,090

4,090

4,090

3,790

3,500

5,050

5,050

4,090

3,640

3,640

3,640

3,500

3,790

3,210

3,500

3,210

3,500.

3,360

3,360

3,360

3,210

3,210

3,070 

3,070

May.

3,210

3,070

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,070

4,090

8,370

7,210

4,400

3,500

3,500

4,240

4,090

3,070

2,930

3,210

2,930

2,930

2,800

3,070

2,930

2,930

5,740

5,740

3,790

3,500

3,500

4,720 

4,720

5,050

June.

14,400

32,800

23,800

9,990

6,460

4,400

4,400

3,940

4,400

3,500

3,210

2,660

3,640

3,500

3,070

3,360

5,050

4,720

3,640

2,800

2,800

2,540

2,410

2,410

2,060

2,060

2,170

2,290

2,060 

2,170

July.

2,170

2,540

2,660

2,290

3,360

4,400

3,790

3,070

3,640

3,210

3,070

2,290

2,290

2,540

2,540

2,060

1,840

2,170

2,290

2,290

3,070

3,070

3,070

2,540

2,060

2,060

1,630

1,690

1,630 

1,630

1,630

Aug.

1,690

3,640

3,640

5,390

5,050

3,070

2,060

1,840

1,840

1,730

1,730

2,800

5,390

3,790

6,830

5,390

3,210

3,790

2,930

2,930

10,800

18,200

7,210

3,500

2,800

2,410

8,770

32,800

19,200 

11,700

10,400

Sept.

8,770

6,460

4,240

3,940

U 7nn

22,700

12,600

6,460

4,720

3,360

3,360

3,640

3,070

3,070

2,800

2,410

2,540

2,290

2,540

2,290

2,170

2,060

1,940

1,940

1,940

2,170

1,940

2,170 

2,410

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 22,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Yadkin River near Salisbury, N. C., fot the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 3,400 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

June........:...........................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

26,400 

7,210 

50,200

54,400 

24,800 

9,580

5,050 

8,370 

32,800

4,400 

32,800 

22,700

54,400

Minimum.

1,250 

1,690 

3,790

4,240 

4,400 

3,790

3,070 

2,800 

2,060

1,630 

1,690 

1,940

1,250

Mean.

4,470 

2,510 

12,000

11,300 

8,170 

5,060

3,810 

3,960 

5,560

2,540 

6,340 

4,520

5,850

Per 

square 

mile.

1.31

.738 

3.53

3.32

2.40 

1.49

1.12 

1.16 

1.64

.747 

1.86 

1.33

1.72

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.51

.82 

4.07

3.83 

2.50 

1.72

1.25 

1.34 

1.83

.86 

2.14

1.48

23.35

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

B.

B. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B.

A. 

B. 

A.
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Days of deficiency in discharge of Yadkin River near Salisbury, N. C.,for the year enMng

Sept. 30, 1915.

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,300

2,600

2.900

3,200

Days of 

deficient discharge.

4

4

19

35

68

87

98

126

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

3,500

3,800

4,200

4,600

5,000

5,500

6,000

7,000

Days of 

deficient discharge.

145

182

200

224

237

268 277'

293

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

9,000

11,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

60,000

Days of 

deficient discharge.

318

328

342

349

357

358

363

365

EDISTO RIVER BASIN. 

FOUR HOLE CREEK NEAR RIDGEVILLE, S. C.

Location. At Horseford's bridge, about 3J miles west of Ridgeville, and about 5 

miles upstream from mouth of creek.

Drainage area. 600 square miles.

Records available. November 16, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

Gages. Gage No. 1, which is the upper gage, is a Gurley printing water-stage recorder 

on left bank about 200 feet downstream from Horseford's bridge. Gage No. 2 is a 

Stevens water-stage recorder about 150 feet downstream from Harley's bridge 

and about 5 miles below gage No. 1; both gages set at same datum. See "Determination of flow."

Discharge measurements. Made from Horseford's bridge during medium and 

high stages; low-water measurements made by wading.

Channel and control. Bottom hard; both banks low and flat, overgrown with 

'dense brush and trees. Low-water flow confined to one channel at gage No. 1. 

For stages above gage height about 13 feet (gage No. 1) the water flows in three 

channels and when the stage exceeds gage height about 17 feet the stream spreads 

over the swamps beyond both banks. No flow past gage No. 1 when the stage at 

that gage falls below 9.8 feet.

During the greater part of the year the discharge relation at gage No. 1, as 

determined by the natural control below this gage, is affected by backwater from 

Edisto River, to which Four Hole Creek is tributary.

Determination of flow. Estimates of flow computed according to the method 

outlined itf Water-Supply Paper 345-E. 1 Individual discharge measurements, 

unless proper corrections are made for the slope in the water surface at the time 

of each measurement, plot very discordantly. These measurements, however, 

develop a well-defined rating curve called the "normal curve" when the discharge is corrected to correspond to that which would occur for a normal slope. 

This normal rating curve'has been used in the determination of estimates of daily 

flow, the discharge for any given day as determined from this curve being corrected 

to correspond to the slope in the water surface as obtained from the gage heights 

at gages Nos. 1 and 2. This method of computing the daily flow takes into proper 

account any variation in backwater caused by Edisto River. It should be noted 

that, since the point of zero flow for gage No. 1 is at 9.8 feet, the discharge relation 

for this gage as determined by its natural control is not affected by backwater 

when the stage falls below about 10 feet at gage No. 2.

J Hall, M. R., Hall, W. E., and Pierce, C. H., A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of 

variable slope: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 345, pp. 53-65,1915.
EDISTO RIVER BASIN. 25

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage during year (water-stage recorder): 22.12 

feet (gage No. 1) at 4 p. m. January 24; discharge, 9,450 second-feet. Minimum 

stage recorded: 10.01 feet (gage No. 1) from 8. p. m. July 31 to 2 a. m. August 3; 

discharge, 5.1 second-feet.

Accuracy. Records good for periods when both water-stage recorders were running. 

Estimates for periods when gage No. 1 was not running are considered fair.

Discharge measurements of Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 12 

16 

28 

Dec. 9 

Jan. 7

9 

14 

20 

Feb.26

27

Hall and Eason..... 

.....do..............

Eason and Varner. . 

.....do..............

M. E. Hall and

.....do.............. 

Eason and Varner.. 

.....do.............. 

Warren E. Hall ... 

Hall and Eason ....

Gage height^ 

in feet.

Gage 

No.l.

11.03 

15.57

14.54 

13.52

16.68

17.58 

18.38 

20.78 

17.58 

17.59

Gage 

No. 2.

14.64 

16.03 

19.20 

14.22 

14.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

39.6 

457 

321 

198

656 

919 

1,240 

3,360 

940 

971

Date.

Mar. 12 

18 

27 

May 15

29 

July 19

28 

Aug. 26 

Sept. 30

Made by 

F. G. Eason...... 

.....do............ 

.....do............ 

W. E. Hall and

W. E. Hall and

F. G. Eason...... 

.....do............ 

M. E. Hall and

Gage height,a 

in feet.

Gage 

No.l.

15.96 

15.88 

13.60

19.96 

16.44

10.27 

10.06 

13.70

10.28

Gage 

No. 2.

12.95 

12.26 

10.60

17.44 

11.53

8.13 

7.85 

11.25

7.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

529 

541 

217

2.510 

656

10.5 

6.7 

220

12.1

a See "Gage" in station description.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. ....................

3.....................

6.....................

7. ....................

8.....................

9.....................

10.....................

11.....................

12.....................

13. ....................

14.....................

15.....................

16.....................

17.....................

18.....................

19.....................

20.....................

21 .....................

23.....................

25.....................

26.....................

27.....................

28.....................

29. ....................

30.....................

31.....................

Nov.

457

416

375

356

354

348

327

298

97Q

287

308

325

325

316

Dec.

308

296

277

255

241

232

225

218

214

212

213

217

228

279

290

293

285

274

266

260

246

283

310

336

358

443

Jan.

465

467

468

477

488

513

628

860

927

856

796

884

1,180

1,340

1,320

1,470

1,610

1 960

2,910

3,460

4,880

7 030

8,' 500

8,990

5,780

4,330

3,170

2,220

Feb.

2,030

2,090

2,250

2,110

1,970

1 QKf\

1,960

1,940

I Qdft

1,940

1,860

1,670

1,560

1,150

1,010

977

896

810

749

7OK

729

766

844

964

1,020

QKfi

Mar.

890

829

763

692

648

639

616

637

588

536

511

503

Kna

512

538

KCO

477

431

372

340

qm

267

225

202

191

203

Apr.

228

240

315

400

460

490

526

560

582

594

588

586

594

596

566

526

479

426

399

347

310

264

227

194

166

145

124

108

93

81

May.

73

60

52

46

39

34

30

32

36

37

54

624

1,590

2,520

2,770

3,900

5,990

5,270

3,990

3,130

2,790

2,430

2,070

1,700

1,350

1,120

887

735

738

792

919

June.

1,080

1,810

2,110

2,320

2,210

1,960

1,670

1,370

1,150

969

807

684

595

562

552

542

512

480

326

248

190

154

140

108

86

83

81

76

79

82

July.

86

86

86

110

183

285

349

369

352

328

267

195

124

72

49

32

22

14

12

11

12

10

8.7

8.3

7.9

7.8

7.5

7.4

10

8.8

6.1

Aug.

5.1

5.1

6.6

15

29

34

26

20

18

7.3

9.1

13

35

178

298

534

785

919

926

822

664

525

450

353

275

220

202

258

334

379

475

. Sept.

535

552

481

427

393

357

299

249

202

165

170

255

308

337

340

299

234

176

131

100

77

62

42

30

22

17

14

11

9.6

9.8

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 5 and 5,000 second-feet 

except for periods noted below when gage No. 1 was not running, and determinations were made from records for gage No. 2: Feb. 6-11; Fed. 28 to Mar. 5; Mar. 15-17 and 19-21; Apr. 1-4.6-11,13-17,22,23, and 25-30; 

May 1-14 and 31; June 1, 24-30; July 1-18, 20-27; Aug. 20 and 21; Sept. 3 and 4. See "Determination of 

flow."
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET II.

Monthly discharge of Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915. 

[Drainage area, 600 square miles.]

Month.

February ...............................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

457 

443 

9,210 

2,250 

890 

596 

5,990 

2,320 

369 

926 

552

Minimum.

279 

212 

465 

725 

191 

81 

30 

76 

6.1 

5.1 

9.6

Mean.

339 

273

2,810 

1,400 

486 

374 

1,480 

768 

101 

285 

210

Per

square 

mile.

0.565 

.455 

4.68 

2.33 

.810 

.623 

2.47 

1.28 

.168 

.475 

.350

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.32 

.52 

5.40 

2.43 

.93 

.70 

2.85 

1.43 

.19 

.55 

.39

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B.

SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN. 

TALLULAH EIVEE AT MATHIS, GA.

Location. About a quarter of a mile southeast of Lakemont (formerly called Mathis) 

station on the Tallulah Falls Railway, about 900 feet below mouth of Tiger 

Creek, about 1 mile below the Babun (formerly called Mathis) storage dam of 

the Georgia Railway & Power Co., and about 5 miles upstream from Tallulah 

Falls, Ga., where a station was formerly located. 

'Drainage area. 186 square miles.

Records available. October 31, 1912, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Vertical staff in eight sections on left bank, 900 feet below mouth of Tiger 

Creek, installed March 27,1913, to replace original gage, 400 feet upstream, washed 

out March 16, 1913; read twice daily by Miles Phillips. Low-water stages hard 

to read because of silt which collects around lower sections of gage.

Discharge measurements. Made from a rough railroad trestle 400 feet upstream. 

A good cable is soon to be erected about 700 feet upstream.

Channel and control. Channel composed of sand, gravel, and bowlders. A good 

control which has remained permanent is formed by a gravel and bowlder shoal 

150 feet downstream from gage.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 5.0 feet at 6 p. m. 

January 6; discharge, 2,790 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.1 foot at 

several times during July, August, and September; discharge, approximately 38 

second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1913-1915: 8.5 feet about 4 a. m. March 27, 1913; 

discharge, 8,970 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.1 foot at several times 

during July, August, and September, 1915; discharge, approximately 38 secondfeet. This low stage was caused by shutting off of stream flow by Rabun dam.

Winter flow. Discharge relation not affected by ice.

Regulation. Since January 1, 1915, considerable diurnal fluctuation has been 

caused by the Rabum (first called Mathis) Dam, which was put in formal operation May 12, 1915. Operation of small mills on Tiger Creek also causes slight 

fluctuation.

Accuracy. Gage heights from October 1 to December 5 represent mean of two 

readings daily. From December 6 to August 20 the mean gage records were 

obtained from five readings daily, as follows: 6 a. m., 7 a. m., noon, 6 p. m., 

and 7 p. m. After August 20 an additional reading was taken at midnight, and 

the accuracy of the records was greatly increased. Rating curve excellent. 

No discharge measurements were made during the year.
SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN. 27

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

98

61

492

233

61

57

224

218

129

129

159

129

118

152

2,050

r,660

1,450

233

80

350

1,450

204

449

280

98

314

428

492

145

72

si 4

Nov.

98

72

98

164

164

204

122

164

164

350

264

89

98

169

248

129

118

248

297

118

118

64

190

118

177

169

264

264

710

1,520

Dec.

820

930

1,240

2,480

2,130

1,970

1,890

990

930

610

280

560

1,380

1,240

560

560

428

280

560

710

660

428

492

492

470

270

182

157

218

196

177

Jan.

930

660

560

560

560

1,810

538

350

1,170

1,050

1,660

2,050

1.970

1,730

710

1,110

1,380

1,970

2,050

1,730

710

373

765

1,660

1,890

1,450

1,310

930

765

710

710

Feb.

2,300

2,050

1,970

1,810

1,730

1,050

875

1,050

990

820

820

875

875

1,050

1,110

1,450

1.050

875

875

610

280

820

1,450

1,970

1,310

1,050

610

449

Mar.

449

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,240

1,170

1,170

1,110

1,110

1,050

377

388

408

428

449

1,170

610

428

875

325

1,110

820

408

408

388

388

408

408

428

875

875

Apr.

408

408

408

277

204

204

204

182

118

118

118

127

185

274

267

287

164

108

108

470

492

449

377

339

112

201

294

492

585

710

May.

193

89

182

515

515

515

361

142 110"

150

221

470

515

710

660

49i.

492

470

388

538

449

449

449

428

428

428

408

408

428

388

428

June.

1,050

765

765

377

239

470

428

515

408

380

365

346

354

354

515

408

388

408

332

157

248

361

820

820

492

388

147

610

538

990

July.

660

560

449

449

710

710

449

470

470

428

470

820

538

660

449

408

174

108

765

610

765

610

538

212

82

875

710

930

820

710

332

Aug.

98

610

470

300

388

270

227

85

332

538

254

339

358

193

57

207

242

274

277

145

118

102

314

318

201

185

207

122

114

287

261

Sept.

318

377

585

245

85

307

321

660

560

449

267

85

1,170

311

354

343

990

408

75

930

820

990

1,170

765

515

314

1,110

1,590

1,240

990

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from rating curve well denned above and approximate below 150 

second-feet. Seven discharge measurements made subsequent to September 30, 1915, check the rating 

curve.

Monthly discharge of Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 186 square miles.] «

Month.

April...........................................................

July...........................................................

August. .......................................................

The year. ................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,050 

1,520 

2,480

2,050 

2,300 

1,240

710 

710 

1,050

930 

610 

1,590

2,480

Minimum.

57 

64 

157

350 

280 

325

108 

89 

147

82 

57 

75

57

Mean.

397 

232 

784

1,160 

1,150 

735

290 

401 

481

546 

255 

611

584

AcCU 

racy.

C. 

C. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B.

B.

A.

a "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" not published because the regulation 

caused by the Rabun storage dam a mile upstream would render such figures misleading.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

ALT AM AHA RIVER BASIN. 

OOMULGEE RIVER NEAR JACKSON, GA.

Location. At Pittmans Ferry, 1J miles below dam and power plant of Central 

Georgia Power Co., and 8 miles southeast of Jackson, half a mile above mouth of 

Yellow Water Creek, and a short distance below Heards Creek.

Drainage area. 1,400 square miles.

Records available. May 18, 1906, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Vertical staff in three sections on right bank at upstream side of ferry landing; 

read by C. A. Pittman twice daily to half-tenths.

Discharge measurements. Made at ferry, either from ferry or from a small boat 

held in place by ferry cable.

Channel and control. Bed of river sandy; shifts considerably. Shifting has little 

if any effect upon discharge relation, as control is a rocky ledge about 400 feet 

below gage. Point of zero flow is at gage height about 2.75 feet.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 11.1 feet at 4 

p. m., December 5; discharge, 14,300 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 3.9 

feet at 5 a. m., August 15; discharge, 320 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1906-1915: 20.75 feet at 6 p. m., March 16, 1912; discharge, 34,700 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 2.78 feet, November 20, 

1910; discharge, 18 second-feet; this low stage was due to cutting off of water at 

the dam about 1^ miles upstream.

Regulation. Flow at low stages since 1911 greatly affected by operation of power 

plant of Central Georgia Power Co.

Accuracy. On account of diurnal fluctuations in the stage caused by operation of 

power plant estimates of flow as determined from the mean daily gage height 

obtained from two readings per day may be considerably in error. 

No discharge measurements were made during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ocmulgee River near Jackson, Ga., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.............

7. .............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11............

12.............

13..............

14...........

15..............

16...........

17.............

18..............

19............

20. ............

21..............

22............

23..............

24...........

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

1,620

1,240

390

858

1 '858 000

858

925

518

430

790

1 000

1,330

2 AA(\

1,920

390

1,420

1 330

1 080

1,080

730

925

858

925

925

1,000

790

618

Nov.

858

1,080

790

790

925

1,080

730

565

1,240

1,080

1,240

1,160

1,080

790

9,000

5 Q9n

2,020

1,520

1,160

OCQ

I nnn

1,420

1,420

858

1 000

1,160

730

9,200

Dec.

8,380

5,510

4,280

9

Onn

14,200

11, 700

7 1 £fl

4 690

3 4fifl

2,640

2,230

2 OQO

1,720

2,640

2,540

2

qqrt

1 080

670

1,820

1,720

1,720

1,240

1,080

3 9fin

3 n^n

Jan.

2,840

2,230

2,020

2,230

3,660

2,230

3,050

3 fififl

3,870

3,460

3,050

2,640

6,330

4 690

2 44fl

2,230

6,940

6,330

4 690

0 Q7fl

2,740

2 1 440

Feb.

2,840

4,690

4,690

4,080

3,460

3,050

3,460

2,840

3,050

2,540

2,130

1,520

3,050

3,660

2,840

1,820

2,440

2,740

4 480

5,100

2 ' 840

Mar.

3,260

2,640

2,540

2,540

3,460

3,460

4,690

4,280

3,660

3,050

2,540

2,230

2,230

2,330

2,230

1,920

1,820

1,820

1,330

2,020

1,920

1,420

I

OOrt

1,720

1,330

Q95

Apr.

1,080

925

790

565

1,240

1,160

1,160

1,520

1,620

1,240

1,000

1,520

1,720

1,520

1,420

1,420

1,420

858

1,620

565

565

1,000

565

565

790

858

790

790

518

May.

518

470

766

670

730

766

898

7,760

7,560

4,690

3,050

5,100

8,180

7,360

4,900

3,460

2,840

1,330

1,240

1,240

1,720

649

618

817

1,080

858

858

858

565

858

817

June.

6,740

5,510

4,280

2,540

925

565

1,330

3,260

2,330

1,080

670

565

565

1,720

2,230

2,020

1,720

1,720

565

518

1,000

618

670

694

858

858

470

730

790

670

July.

618

1,080

925

925

4,280

5,100

3,460

1,240

858

925

1,820

1,820

1,420

1.330

1,080

730

925

518

790

858

1,420

790

670

649

430

670

1,160

730

730

1,000

518

Aug.

430

858

925

858

925

670

649

430

730

790

670

858

858

670

390

790

858

1,080

925

4 480

3,050

1,620

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,330

730

925

858

Sept.

1,080

1 000

1,000

858

565

QOK

1 000

858

7QA

7QA

925

518

1,080

1,080

925

858

925

618

430

925

925

7on

1 080

1 330

858

3QA

730

1 080

1 080

1,160

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 10,000 second-feet.
ALTAMAHA RIVER BASIN. 29

Monthly discharge ofOcmulgee River near Jackson, Ga., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,400 square miles."]

Month.

January.. . .....................................................

February ......................................................

April...........................................................

July............................................................

September. ....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,440 

9,200 

14,200

6,940 

5,100 

4,690

1,720 

8,180 

6,740

5,100 

4,480 

1,330

14,200

Minimum.

390 

565 

670

2,020 

1,520 

925

518 

470 

470

430 

390 

390

390

Mean.

1,020

1,840 

3,890

3,500 

3,170 

2,370

1,040 

1^610

1,270 

1,100

886

2,000

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C.

B. 

B. 

B.

C. 

C. 

C.

C. 

C. 

C.

« " Second-feet per square mile" and " run-off (depth in inches)" are not published for this drainage 

area because the regulation due to the operation of the power plant of Central Georgia Power Co. make 

such figures misleading.

OCONEE RIVER NEAR GREENSBORO, GA.

Location. At highway bridge 5 miles west of Greensboro on the road to Madison, 

Ga., about 4 miles above the mouth of Apalachee River, and 1J miles below Town 

Creek.

Drainage area. 1,100 square miles.

Records available. July 25, 1903, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to the bridge; read twice daily by F. M. 

Chambers.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Channel and control. Bed composed chiefly of sand; slightly shifting. Control 

section not known.

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded during the year: 19.7 feet at 8 

a. m. October 17. Minimum stage recorded: 0.9 foot at 8 a. m. and 5 p. m. 

August 2.

Maximum stage recorded 1903-1915: 35.4 feet, August 26, 1908; discharge, 

approximately 28,000 second-feet. Minimum mean daily stage recorded: 0.35 

foot, September 18 and October 8, 1911; discharge, 172 second-feet.

Regulation. Flow affected by operation of power plants above station.

Accuracy. Gage-height record not good because of difficulty of securing good 

observer. A discharge measurement made December 10, 1914, indicates that 

there has been a decided change in the discharge relation as expressed by the 1913 

rating curve. Estimates of discharge are therefore withheld until additional 

data are obtained for developing a new rating curve.

The following discharge measurement was made by M. R. Hall: 

December 10, 1914: Gage height, 4.60 feet; discharge, 1,460 second-feet.
30 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1915,, PART II.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.... .........

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.... . ..

23.............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............

30..............

31......

Oct.

1.9

2.1

7.3

9.2

8.3

5.9

4.3

3.5

3.0

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.3

5.3

15.0

19.5

16.3

7.7

4.7

3.9

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

Nov.

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.3

3.3

3 9

3.6

3.3

2.8

3.1

7.4

11.5

10.4

7.3

6.1

5.5

5.0

4.1

3.6

3.2

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.9

4.6

11.9

Dec.

13.7

14.4

12.1

10.1

15.5

16.5

16.3

11.5

6.9

5.4

4.4

4.0

4.2

4.8

4.8

4.3

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.8

4.2

4.2

3.8

4.8

7.6

9.2

8.2

8.2

10.3

9.6

Jan.

9.2

8.0

6.0

4.1

4.8

7.6

9.6

8.8

7.1

5.8

5.4

7 9

7.0

6.2

5.0

4.6

5.4

10.3

14.2

19 1

7 9

5.6

5.2

5.8

8.2

8.4

7.4

6.1

5.1

4.6

4 9

Feb.

6.1

10.4

9.5

7.0

6.1

6.0

5.5

5.4

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

A 9

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.2

A 9

4.3

6.1

8.5

7.3

5.9

5.6

Mar.

5.3

5.0

4.6

4.8

7.2

10.0

9.2

8.0

6.1

5.6

5.0

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.6

3/6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

Apr.

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

May.

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

3.8

10.4

8.2

5.8

4.8

7.6

10.2

12.4

10.8

6.6

5.4

4.4

4.0

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.2

4.0

3.8

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.2

4.0

June.

4.8

5.4

5.2

4.6

3.5

3.2

3.0

3.4

5.4

4.0

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.8

3.2

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.6

July.

4.4

3.8

3.0

3.0

5.6

6.2

4.6

3.6

3.2

4.0

3.9

3.4

2.7

2.3

2.4

3.4

2.7

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.4

Aug.

1.1

.9

1.7

2.8

2.1

1.9

1.6

1.4

1.4

2.2

3.4

4.4

3.2

2.4

4.2

6.0

6.7

5.0

3.9

3.4

4.8

4.0

3.0

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

2.6

2.1

Sept.

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.7

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.8

OCONEE RIVER AT FRALEYS FERRY, NEAR MILLEDGEVILLE, GA.

Location. At Fraleys Ferry, about 4 miles below mouth of Little River, and 6 miles 

above Milledgeville.

Drainage area. 2,840 square miles.

Records available. May 23, 1906, to December 31, 1908; October 6,1909, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. A combination sloping and vertical rod gage in four sections. Section 0 to 8 

feet is the old sloping gage bolted to solid rock on left bank above Fraleys Ferry. 

November 13-14, 1913, vertical sections were added up to 20 feet; gage read 

twice daily by H. A. Taylor.

Discharge measurements. Made from ferryboat.

Channel and control. Sandy and shifting at measuring section; excellent rock 

control below. Top of control approximately 3 feet above zero of gage. The 

point of zero flow is therefore at about gage height 3 feet.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 14.6 feet at 7 

a. m. January 19; discharge, 21,700 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 4.4 

feet at 6 a. m. and 6 p. m. September 28; discharge, 570 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded May 23, 1906, to December 31, 1908, and October 6, 

1909, to September 30,1915: Approximately 24.6 feet, March 17, 1913; discharge 

approximately 49,700 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 4.1 feet at 6 a. m. 

September 17, 1914; discharge, 410 second-feet.

Regulation. None below vicinity of Athens, Ga., where storage may cause at times 

low daily discharge at this station.

Accuracy. Station not visited during year ending September 30, 1915. Accuracy 

of records in the following tables depends on constancy of discharge relation subsequent to November 14, 1913, when the last discharge measurement was made.
ALTAMAHA EIVEE BASIN. 31

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville, Ga., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.... ..........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

660

760

4,500

6,650

5,850

4,880

3,080

1,870

1,610

1,320

1,170

1,040

1,080

1,120

7,250

14,800

18,900

15,300

9,340

3,770

2,600

2,300

2,150

1,870

1,740

1,740

1,610

1,490

1,380 

1,270 

1,170

Nov.

1,170

1,270

1,270

1,380

1,270

1,170

1,170

1,270

1,740

2,760

2,760

2,300

1,490

1,440

2,600

7,250

6,850

5,650

3,770

2,760

2,300

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,610

1,490

1,490

4,500 

17,800

Dec.

17,200

16,400

9,340

6,050

8,910

13,000

10,900

8,910

5,260

3,770

3,250

2,760

3,080

3,420

3,770

3,420

3,080

2,450

2,450

2,760

2,920

3,080

2,920

3,080

3,250

3,950

4,880

6,050

6,050 

8,490 

7,450

Jan.

6,450

4,500

4,130

3,770

3,420

4,310

9 780

7 650

5,650

3,590

3,770

6,450

7,050

5,260

4,500

4,310

4,500

12,000

20,600

15,600

8,490

5,450

4,500

5,260

7,250

6,450

5,850

5,260

4,690 

3,770 

3,420

Feb.

4,500

10,700

8,910

6,450

5,260

4,880

4,880

4,500

4,310

4,130

3,770

3.590

3,420

3,420

3,080

3,770

4,130

3,950

3,770

3,250

2,920

2,920

3,080

3,950

5,260

6,250

5,450

4,130

Mar.

3,080

2,760

3,590

3,590

7,650

10,200

8,490

6,050

4,690

4,130

3,770

2,150

3,250

3,080

3,080

3,080

2,920

2,920

2,760

2,760

2,760

2,760

2,760

2,600

2,600

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,600 

2,600 

2,760

Apr.

3,080

3,080

2,760

2,760

2,600

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,010

2,010

2,010

2,150

2,010

2,010

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,740

1,870 

1,740

May.

2,450

1,610

1,610

1,610

1 490

1,490

1,610

5

AK(\

1 ftPIrt

6,050

3,770

5,650

6 450

8,910

8,700

5,650

3,770

2,760

2,450

2,300

2,150

2,150

2,010

1,870

2,600

2,010

1,740

2,010

2,010 

2,010 

2,150

June.

2,760

3,950

3,770

3,250

2 7fift

2,450

2,450

2,760

3 080

3,420

2,450

1,740

1,870

2,010

2,450

1,870

1,870

2,450

2,300

2,010

1,610

1,380

1,380

1,270

1,170

1,080

1,080

1,170

2,150 

1,870

July.

2,300

2,150

1,870

1,870

2,920

5,650

3 770

3,080

2

APi(\

2,760

2,450

2,150

1,610

1,610

1,490

1,870

1,270

1,080

1,380

1,170

990

1,040

QQft

950

910

990

990

950 

910 

830

Aug.

830

760

618

1

(\A(\

2,450

1 490

M20

870

830

760

1,740

1,870

5,070

2,300

3,080

<? 77(1

3,950

3,420

3 950

3,590

3,590

2,760

2,600

1,870

1,320

1,120

990

990

990 

1,270 

1,870

Sept

1,270

1,080

oift

950

1,610

1,490

1,270

1,170

1,080

oon

1,270

830

830

690

1,320

1,870

1,380

1,170

1,490

910

830

910

910

870

795

690

760

570

600 

990

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 6,000 second-feet. 

Above 7,000 second-feet the curve is approximate. See "Accuracy" in station description.

Monthly discharge of Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville, Ga., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 2,840 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

18,900 

17,800 

17,200

20,600 

10,7CO 

10,200

- 3,080 

8,910 

3,950

5,650 

5,070 

1,870

20,600

Minimum.

660 

1,170 

2,450

3,420 

2,920 

2,150

1,740 

1,490 

1,080

830 

618 

570

570

Mean.

4,010 

2,930 

5,880

6,380 

4,590 

3,640

2,240 

3,340 

2,190

1,800 

2,030 

1,050

3,340

Per 

square 

mile.

1.41 

1.03

2.07

2.25 

1.62 

1.28

.789 

1.18 

.771

.634 

.715 

.370

1.18

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.63 

1.15 

2.39

2.59 

1.69 

1.48

.88 

1.36 

.86

.73 

.82 

.41

15.99

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

B.

A.

A. 

A. 

A.
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET II.

APALACHICOLA RIVER BASIN. 

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER NEAR NORCROSS, GA.

Location. At Medlock's bridge, 4^ miles north of Norcross, 1J miles above the mouth

of John Creek, and about 5 miles above Suwanee Creek. 

Drainage area. 1,170 square miles.

Records available. January 9, 1903, to September 30, 1915. 

Gage. Standard chain gage on the toll bridge; read twice daily by W. O. Medlock.

Original gage was a vertical staff attached to oak tree on right bank about 109 feet

above bridge. A chain gage, established March 14, 1903, was read in connection

with the vertical gage until June 28, 1905, when present gage was installed. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Channel and control. Bed of stream sandy and changeable; right bank is high

and overflows only slightly; the left bank will overflow for about 800 feet at a

gage height of 16 to 18 feet. A rock shoal about 2J miles below gage forms part of

the control. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 14.8 feet at 5

p. m. December 5; discharge, 18,400 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded:

1.05 feet at 6 p. m. October 2; discharge, 435 second-feet. 

Maximum stage recorded 1903-1915: 19.3 feet at 1.30 p. m. March 16, 1912;

discharge, approximately 26,300 second-feet. Minimum mean daily stage

recorded: 1.02 feet October 2, 1911; discharge, 294 second-feet. 

Regulation. Dams near Gainesville, Ga., and on Chestatee River interfere with

the natural flow. It is thought that the two readings a day give a good mean

daily gage height. 

Accuracy. Except for possible error in mean gage heights due to artificial regulation,

results excellent, though rating curve must be shifted occasionally.

Discharge measurements of Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 28

28

Made by 

M.R. Hall.............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.22

5 11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,730

3 7QO

Date.

Sept. 28

Made by 

M.R. Hall. ............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

879
APALACHICOLA RIVER BASIN. 33

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga., -for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..... .........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18............ .

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

538

485

1,540

3,680

1,470

1,060

865

800

710

710

832

680

680

800

4,260

11,100

5,940

1,940

1,470

1,190

1,120

995

995

995

930

800

898

832

800

770

ooo

Nov.

800

770

770

770

740

740

770

650

1,620

1,120

930

865

832

832

9 ocn

5,280

2,460

1,620

1,260

1,120

1,060

995

995

995

930

832

QQQ

930

1,330

Q oen

Dec.

10,000

3,680

2,460

11,500

17,500

10,200

4,140

3,030

2,460

2,190

1,940

1,780

1,940

2,100

2,020

1,780

1,700

1,620

1,540

1,620

1,780

2,020

1,940

1,860

4,140

14,800

9 1^

3,790

Jan.

2,830

2,460

2,280

2,100

2,020

2,370

7,900

5,020

3,130

2,550

2,370

3,350

4,500

2,930

2,550

2,460

3,460

7,340

9,250

5,800

3,790

3,130

2,930

5,280

8,950

6,360

4,260

3,570

3,130

2,830

2 '730

Feb.

3,790

9,550

6,080

4,140

4,020

4,500

3,790

3,240

2,930

2 730

2,550

2,550

2,460

2,550

3 nsn

4,890

3,460

2,930

2,730

2,550

2,550

2,370

2,370

8,350

10,500

4,760

3,790

3 9dfl

Mar.

3,130

2,930

2,730

2,550

4,260

5,280

3,790

3,350

2 930

2J640

2,640

2,550

2,370

2,370

2,370

2,370

2,460

2,280

2 ion

2,190

2,370

2,280

2,190

2,550

2,370

2,100 *> ion

2,020

2,190

1 940

1JOO

Apr.

2,020

2,020

2,020

2,020

1,940

1,780

1,860

1,860

1 860

1,860

,780

,860

,860

,860

,780

,700

,700

700

^470

700

1,620

1,700

1,700

1,470 1 un

1 *un

1,620

I

Qfifl

1,780

1,620

May.

1,540

1,540

1,400

1,540

1,400

1,330

3,350

8,650

3,680

2,370

2,100

3,350

9,250

4,500

2,730

2,100

2,020

1,860

1,620

1,700

1,700

1,620

1,620

1,700

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,540

1,470

1,540

1,780

June.

3,130

3,460

2,370

1,780

1,700

1,780

1,700

1,780

1,860

1,540

1,400

1,330

1,400

1,330

1,400

1,260

1,400

1,330

1,400

1,260

1,260

1,120

1,120

1,060

1,120

1,060

1,120

1,190

1,540

2,020

July.

3,790

2,020

1,780

1,330

2,190

2,100

1,860

1,940

1,700

1,540

1,400

1,120

1,400

1,190

1,260

1,620

1,400

1,190

,060

,260

,190

,060

,120

1,120

1,120

832

962

995

865

930

865

Aug.

898

832

1,190

1,190

1,120

1,120

1,060

930

832

865

995

1,060

995

1,330

2,020

1,190

1,120

1,190

1,700

1,400

1,400

1,330

1,260

930

930

865

898

962

930

898

1,120

Sept.

995

865

832

800

1,190

1,330

1,260

995

930

770

865

770

1,060

1,620

1,620

1,120

898

898

898

832

1,260

1,400

1,060

898

832

800

740

770

770

930

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge for individual days 

may be somewhat in error because of fluctuations due to operation of power plants. Discharge Dec. 29-31 

estimated at 4,800 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 1,170 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,100 

8,350 

17,500

9,250 

10,500 

5,280

2,020 

9,250 

3,480

3,790 

2,020 

1,620

17,500

Minimum.

485 

740 

1,540

2,020 

2,370 

1,700

1,470 

1,330 

1,060

832 

832 

740

485

Mean.

1,640 

1,450 

4,500

3,990 

4,010 

2,620

1,770 

2,450 

1,570

1,430 

1,110 

1,000

2,290

Per 

square 

mile.

1.40 

1.24 

3.85

3.41 

3.43 

2.24

1.51 

2.09 

1.34

1.22 

.949

.855

1.96

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.61 

1.38 

4.44

3.93 

3.57 

2.58

1.68 

2.41 

1.50

1.41 

1.09 

.95

26.55

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

A. 

A.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

32499° WSP 402 16 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

OHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER AT WEST POINT, GA.

Location. Just below the mouth of Oseligee Creek, about 300 feet east of the West 

Point waterworks pumping plant, and about 4 miles above Long Cane Creek about 

a mile upstream from station at Montgomery Street Bridge, West Point, used 

until October 20, 1912.

Drainage area. 3,300 square miles.

Records available. July 30, 1896, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Staff gage in two sections; the lower section, reading from 0 to 6 feet, is near 

the right bank; the upper section, reading from 6 to 25 feet, is fastened to a tree 

on the left bank; datum of staff gage different from that of chain gage used at 

Montgomery Street Bridge prior to October 21, 1912. Gage read three times a 

a day by J. H. Miller.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat at a section near staff gage or from 

highway bridge to which chain gage was .attached. No tributaries enter between 

the two sections.

Channel and control. Bottom rough, rocky, and fairly permanent; banks are 

overflowed at high stages; control, a rock ledge extending entirely across river 

just below gage.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum mean daily stage recorded during year: 11.6 

feet, December 6; discharge, 23,500 second-feet. Minimum 'mean daily stage 

recorded: 1.9 feet, October 1; discharge, 1,370 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1896-1915: 25 feet (at old-gage location) on December 30, 1901; discharge, 88,600 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.8 foot 

(at old gage location), September 18-21, 1896; discharge, 780 second-feet.

Regulation. -Operation of power plants at points above causes some diurnal fluctuation. The Langdale dam, 5 miles below station, forms a pond reaching back as 

far as West Point. This affected the gage heights at the highway bridge. The 

new gage established in October, 1912, is not affected by backwater.

Accuracy. Rating curve well developed from fairly low to medium flood stages. 

No records of discharge at extreme floods have yet been obtained. Diurnal 

fluctuation caused by hydroelectric plants above will cause some error in records 

for individual days during low water.

Cooperation. Gage heights after October 20, 1912, furnished by the Columbus 

Power Co., Columbus, Ga.

Discharge measurements of Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by M. R. Hall.]

Date.

Feb. 24.............................................................................

25.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.05

8.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12,000

15,500
AFALACHICOLA RIVER BASIN. 35

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..-.-.-.-...-.

7..............

8..-.-.......-.

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,370

1,880

2,130

1,660

2,400

4,150

2,990

2,000

1,770

1,660

1,660

1,460

1,560

1,880

3,940

14,000

17,200

14,800

6,280

3,940

2,260

2,260

2,000

2,000

1,880

1,770

1,660

1,660

Nov.

1,660

1,560

,660

,660

,660

,660

,660

1,660

1,660

1,880

2,680

2,130

1,770

7,500

9,250

9 nnn

7,750

4,370

2 QQO

2,540

2,540

2,130

2,130

2 nnn

2,000

2,130

2,130

4,150

4 c,in

Dee.

7,250

13,200

10,800

12,200

21,000

23,500

23,200

15,500

7 nnn

5,080

4,150

4,150

4,840

4,600

4,150

3 730

3^730

3,340

3,730

3,530

3,530

3,730

3,940

4,150

3,940

14,500

13,500

12,200

Jan.

9,500

6,760

5,560

4.840

4,370

5,320

12,200

12,800

10 nnn

8,000

6,520

in f\nn

9,250

7,750

6,040

9

OKn

15,000 i c nnn

15,200

13,800

9 nnn

7,500

16,500

on enn

18,200

15,500

10 800

8,250

7,250

6,760

Feb.

10,800

18,500

15,200

15,200

10,800

11,000

10,200

8,750

7 finn

6,040

5,800

5 enn

5,560

6,760

9 nnn

8 Enn

8,750

6,760

6,040

5,800

5,320

5,560

10,800

15,800

16,800

19 son

Mar.

7,500

6,760

6,280

6,040

11,500

14,200

11,800

10,000

8,250

7 000

6,520

6 040

5

cnA

5,560

5,320

5,320

S

oon

5,080

5,080

5,080

A OAO

4 840

4,600

4,370

4,600

4 600

4,370

4,370

4,370

5,080

Apr.

5,080

4,600

4,600

4,600

4,370

4,150

4,150

3,940

3 Q4.O

3 Q4.0

3 Qdn

4,150

3 730

3,940

3,940

3,940

3

7Qn

3,730

3,730

3,160

3,730

3,340

3,530

o Ron

3,160

2,830

3,730

3,530

3

Q4A

May.

3,340

3,160

3,160

2,680

3,160

2,830

4,150

15,200

14,500

7,750

7,250

6,520

9,750

10,800

6,040

4,600

3,940

3,530

3,530

3,340

2,990

3,160

2,830

3,160

4,150

9,000

7,000

4,150

4,370

June.

13,500

20,200

10,200

6,280

4,840

3,940

4,600

3,530

3,530

3,340

3,340

3,340

4,150

3,940

3,160

3,160

2,990

3,940

2,990

2,680

2,680

2,540

2,400

2,400

2,260

2,260

2,540

2,400

2,680

2,540

July.

4,600

15,200

11,800

6,040

10,200

19,800

13,000

6,040

7,250

15,200

15,200

9,250

3 940

3,340

4,150

4,150

3,530

2,990

2,990

2,880

2,680

2,830

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,260

2,130

2,000

1,770

1,770

1,770

Aug.

1,770

1,770

1,880

1,880

1,880

2,000

2,000

2,000

1,660

1,770

3,160

2,990

2,830

2,400

2,130

4,370

3,340

2,680

3,730

3,530

4,600

4,150

3,160

2,540

3,160

2,260

2,130

1,880

1,880

2,400

2,260

Sept.

2,130

2,130

1,880

1,880

8,000

6,280

3,340

2,680

2,540

2,000

1,880

1,770

1,660

1,880

2,830

2,990

2,990

2,400

1,880

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,560

1,770

1,770

1,660

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,660

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 2,500 and 18,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 3,300 square miles.l

Month.

April....................................

May ......... ............

June. ...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,200 

9,250 

23, 500

20,500 

18, 500 

14,200

5,080 

18,800 

20,200

19,800 

4,600 

8,000

23,500

Minimum.

1,370 

1,560 

3,340

4,370 

5,320 

4,370

2,830 

2,680 

2,260

1,770 

1,660 

1,460

1,370

Mean.

3,570 

3,100 

8,900

10,400 

9,460 

6,300

3,870 

5,900 

4,410

6,000 

2,590 

2,360

5,570

Per 

square 

mile.

1-08 

.939 

2.70

3.15 

2.87 

1.91

1.17 

1-79 

1.34

1.82

.785 

.715

1.69

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.24 

1.05 

3.11

3.63 

2.99 

2.20

1.30 

2.06 

1.50

2.10 

.90 

.80

22.88

Accuracy.

B.

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

B.

A. 

B.
36 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PAET II.

Days of deficiency in discharge of Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga., for

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Discharge 

in 

second-feet.

1,300

1,500 

1,700 

1,900 

2,100 

2,300 

2,500 

2,700

Days of 

deficient 

discharge.

5 

29 

55 

66 

85 

95 

110

Discharge 

in 

second-feet.

2,900

3,100 

3,400 

3,700 

4,000 

4,300 

4,600 

5,000

Days of 

deficient 

discharge.

118

128 

151 

162 

191

207 

216 

235

Discharge 

in

second-feet.

5,500

6,000 

7,000 

9,000 

12,000 

16,000 

20,000 

30,000

Days of 

deficient 

discharge.

246

254 

275 

297 

322 

351 

361 

365

FLINT RIVER NEAR WOODBURY, GA.

Location. At the Macon & Birmingham Railroad bridge, 3 miles east of Woodbury,

about a third of a mile above mouth of Cane Creek, and a quarter of a mile below

Elkins Creek.

Drainage area. 1,090 square miles.

Becords available. March 29, 1900, to September 30, 1915. 

Gage. Vertical staff in four sections on left bank about 300 feet above railroad

bridge; read twice daily by E. T. Riggins. Datum 660 feet above sea level. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of railroad bridge, which

does not make a right angle with the current. 

Channel and control. Bottom is rough, consisting chiefly of rock; currents

irregular. Above gage height 10 feet banks are subject to overflow for a width

of about 350 feet, but all water passes beneath the bridge and its approaches.

Control formed by a shoal about a mile downstream; shoal somewhat shifting. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 7.2 feet at 7 a. m.

and 5 p.m., December 5; discharge, 10,700 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded:

 0.1 foot at 7 a. m. and 5 p. m., September 27; discharge, 170 second-feet. 

Maximum stage recorded 1900-1915: 16.2 feet, March 15, 1913; discharge,

35,300 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.4 foot, October 8 to 10, 1911;

discharge, 86 second-feet. 

Begulation. Operation of power plants on tributary streams above the station affects

daily flow at low stages. 

Accuracy. Diurnal fluctuation may affect records somewhat. Records not good,

due partly to shifting control, effect on discharge relation of the new bridge below

gage, and poor equipment for making discharge measurements. 

Cooperation. Since July 1,1910, morning readings have been furnished by United

States Weather Bureau.

No discharge measurements were made during the year.
APALACHICOLA RIVER BASIN. 37

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flint River near Woodbury, Ga., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31...............

Oct.

239

323

584

454

371

371

371

347

323

323

301

301

301

454

1,440

2,180

2,720

3,150

1,930

1,130

742

483

424

371

347

371

323

279

279

279

279

Nov.

279

279

279

279

279

279

279

279

454

785

660

516

454

424

2,720

4,500

3,900

3,000

1,640

1,130

828

700

516

483

483

483

483

620

1,540

2,580

Dec.

3,000

2,580

2,440

6,390

10,700

8,990

6,960

3,900

2,050

1,360

1,080

912

870

1,220

1,180

998

912

828

785

785

828

998

912

870

870

998

1,310

1,310

1,930

3,150

3,000

Jan.

2,580

1,700

1,360

1,130

1,040

1,260

2,180

2,310

2,310

1,930

1,640

3,300

3,000

2,580

1,930

1,540

1,930

3,900

4,500

3,150

3,000

2,180

1,700

3,900

5,490

6,580

5,150

3,300

2,440

1,930

1,700

Feb.

2,720

3,450

3,450

3,600

3,000

2,440

2,180

1,930

1,590

1,440

1,260

1,080

1,080

1,130

1,810

2,720

2,440

1,930

1,540

1,360

1,220

1,130

1,180

1,590

1,700

1,930

1,930

1,700

Mar.

1,540

1,360

1,180

1,040

3,300

4,350

3,900

3,150

2,180

1,590

1,360

1,220

1,130

1,080

1,040

1,040

1,040

955

955

955

955

955

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

912

1,180

Apr.

1,220

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,040

870

870

785

785

785

785

785

700

700

700

700

620

620

620

620

620

548

548

548

548

516

483

516

620

620

May.

620

620

584

483

424

424

1,400

6,770

4,500

3,300

2,440

2,440

2,310

2,050

1,360

1,040

785

660

584

548

483

454

424

424

371

371

398

870

1,130

870

955

June.

3,600

5,150

3,300

2,050

1,400

828

742

620

584

483

483

483

1,080

1,040

742

785

955

1,080

998

785

700

516

398

347

323

323

301

323

483

454

July.

516

870

998

828

2,180

6,580

4,050

3,000

1,810

2,580

2,180

2,050

1,080

828

912

912

742

660

483

660

870

785

548

424

371

323

323

301

279

279

279

Aug.

279

279

239

301

398

323

301

239

239

259

398

454

347

347

454

347

301

371

870

1,040

1,080

1,080

785

548

548

454

371

347

323

371

454

Sept.

371

347

323

347

620

QOQ

742

483

398

323

301

259

301

700

371

371

398

347

323

301

259

239

239

239

203

203

170

203

203

279

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well denned below 24,000 second-feet. 

Because of uncertainties due to power regulation and to lack of discharge measurements between discharges of 2,000 and 12,000 second-feet, estimates for individual days should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Flint River near Woodbury, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,090 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

November. .............................

March. .................................

April...................................

May....................................

June....................................

July....................................

August. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,150 

4,500 

10,700

6,580 

3,600 

4,350

1,220

6,770 

5,150

6,580 

1,080 

828

10,700

Minimum.

239 

279

785

1,040 

1,080 

870

483 

371 

301

279 

239 

170

170

Mean.

703 

1,040 

2,390

2,670 

1,950 

1,430

739 

1,290 

1,050

1,250 

456 

356

1,280

Per 

square 

mile.

0.645 

.954 

2.19

2.45 

1.79 

1.31

.678 

1.18 

.963

1.15

.418 

.327

1.17

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.74 1.06- 

2.52

2.82 

1.86 

1.51

.76 

1.36 

1.07

1.33

.48 

.36

15.87

Accuracy.

ooo ooo 
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

FLINT EIVEE NEAR CULLODEN, GA.

Location. At Grays Ferry, 1| miles above the mouth of Auchumpkee Creek, and 

about 3 miles above old gage near Musella, Ga., read for a short time in 1907; 14 

miles southwest of Culloden.

Drainage area. 2,000 square miles.

Records available. July 1, 1911, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Staff in four sections on left bank at ferry landing; read twice daily by 

F. A. Adams.

Discharge measurements. Made from the ferryboat. Measurements above gage 

height 5 feet can not be made because of danger in operating ferry.

Channel and control. Bed sandy; likely to shift; control, rock ledge half a mile 

below; probably permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 12.0 feet at 5 p. m. 

January 18; discharge 18,200 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.3 feet 

at 6 a. m. and 6 p. m. September 28 and 6 a. m. September 29; discharge, 307 

second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1911-1915: 30.5 feet, March 16, 1913. This stage, 

which is the crest of the March flood as shown by watermarks, was determined 

by levels by an engineer of the Survey; discharge not known. Minimum mean 

daily stage recorded: 1.0 foot, October 8, 1911; discharge, 165 second-feet.

Accuracy. Results good for low and medium stages.

No discharge measurements were made during the year ending September 30,1915.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flint River near Culloden, Ga.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Day.

I..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12. .........

f3... .......

14..........

15.......... 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26. .........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

473

730

1,460

1,080

838

765

730

696

630

598

566

696

598

663

1,840 

3,130

3,130

4,230

3,280

2,080

1,360

955

765

730

730

663

663

<5QS

598

598

598

Nov.

598

566

534

534

634

534

534

534

534

663

1,220

 1,040

765

800

3,430 

6,620

5.670

5,100

3,130

1,960

1,510

1,170

998

955

875

875

875

Q1 c

7,400

10,600

Dec.

6,240

5,100

3,750

6,240

11,600

12,400

10,600

7,400

4,070

2,580

1,840

1,620

1,620

2,080

2,080 

1,840

1,560

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,510

1,620

1,510

1,460

1,510

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,850

6,240

5,100

Jan.

4,400

3,430

2,580

2,200

1,840

1,960

3,430

3,750

3,750

2,990

2,580

4,400

5,100

4,400

3,590 

2,850

3,430

14,200

15,400

8,600

6 CAO

4,070

3,280

9 800

n'soo

10,200

S

fifYl

4,740

2,850

Feb.

4,570

8,200

7,200

6,240

4,570

4,400

3,750

3,430

2,990

2,580

2,320

2,320

2,080

2,080

2,080 

4,570

4,070

3,750

2,990

2,580

2

oon

2,080

2,200

3

AO(\

3,430

°. 980.

3 ion

3

1 qn

Mar.

2,850

2,580

2,320

2,080

6,620

8,200

6,620

5,480

4,070

3,130

2,580

2,320

2,080

2,080

1,960 

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,560

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,960

Apr.

2,320

2,080

1,960

1,960

1,840

1,620

1,510

1,460

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,220 

1,220

1,170

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,120

i run

1,040

1 fl4fl

i run

955

QKK

955

1,040

May.

1,120

1,040

955

875

838

800

1,120

8,800

8,000

5,100

4,230

5,100

4,400

3,750

2,710 

1,960

1,510

1,260

1,080

955

955

875

875

875

838

oAn

800

1,560

2,080

1,840

1,560

June.

5,100

15,800

8,600

4,400

2,850

1,840

1,510

1,360

1,220

1,080

998

955

1,410

1,620

1,460 

1,260

1,720

1,720

1,620

1^410

1,170

955

765

730

663

663

cQn

630

730

915

July.

875

1,560

2,850

1,620

1,720

8,400

9,000

5,480

3,430

6,620

3,750

2,580

1,960

1 t;fifl

1,310 

1,410

1,310

1,120

955

1,170

1,220

1,220

07 c

800

663

663

KQC

598

634

KOA

Aug.

534

566

566

630

663

696

534

504

473

598

663

765

730

630

598 

730

566

696

1 080

1*360

1 360

l'840

1.310

QCK

765

000

OAA

7on

663

598

696

Sept.

696

630

598

566

730

OQft

1,170

998

765

630

566

KTM

a?t;

875 

696

630

630

KQQ

504

47^

444

OQQ

^IfiO

OCA

360

on?

696

998

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 4,400 second-feet. Above 

4,400 second-feet the rating curve is simply an extension and estimates above 7,000 second-feet are only 

approximate.
APALACHICOLA RIVER BASIN. 39

Monthly discharge of Flint River near Culloden, Ga., for the year ending Sept. 80, 1915.

[Drainage area, 2,000 square miles.]

Month.

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4.230 

10,600 

12,400

15,400 

8,200 

8,200

2,320

8,800 

15,800

9,000 

1,840 

1,170

15,800

Minimum.

473 

534 

1,410

1,840 

2,080 

1,510

955 

800 

630

534 

473 

307

307

Mean.

1,180 

2,050 

3,710

5,360 

3,570 

2,640

1,340 

2,210 

2,190

2,190 

779 

630

2,320

Per

square 

mile.

0.590 

1.02 

1.86

2.68 

1.78 

1.32

.670 

1.10 

1.10

1.10 

.390 

.315

1.16

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

1.14 

2.14

3.09 

1.85 

1.52

.75 

1.27 

1.23

1.27

.45 

.35

15.74

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B.

B, 

B.

A.

A.

A. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A.

FLINT RIVER AT ALBANY, GA.

Location., At the Dougherty County highway bridge in the city of Albany, 700 feet 

below the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge.

Drainage area. 5,000 square miles.

Records available. April 10, 1893, to September 30, 1915 (United States Weather 

Bureau gage heights). Discharge measurements were begun by the Geological 

Survey in 1901, and estimates of daily discharge have been made from January 

1, 1902, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Standard chain gage, installed at the bridge April 20, 1904; read once daily 

by D. W. Brosnan. The original staff gage was washed out in 1898. It was again 

injured in 1902 and on June 18 of that year a new gage was installed by the United 

States Weather Bureau at a datum 0.75 foot lower than that of the former gage. 

All gage heights for 1902 published by the United States Weather Bureau and 

the United States Geological Survey refer to the new datum. Present gage conforms with the United States Weather Bureau gage.

Discharge measurements. Fairly accurate measurements can be made at the 

section at the Atlantic Coast Line bridge, although it is very rough and train 

switching in the yard interferes with the work. The section at the Georgia 

Northern Railway bridge, 1 mile above, at which measurements are sometimes 

made, is considered better, especially for medium and low stages.

Channel and control. Channel at and below gage may shift slightly, but control 

is such that conditions of flow are practically permanent. The river overflows 

both banks but only under the approaches to the bridge.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 16.6 feet at 7 

a. m. January 25; discharge, 22,800 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 

 0.7 foot at 7 a. m. September 27; discharge, 1,340 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1902-1915: 30.3 feet at 7 a. m. March 21, 1913; discharge, 53,700 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.1 feet, October 9 to 

12, 1911; discharge, 1,110 second-feet.

Regulation. Power developments on Muckalee Creek, which joins Flint River 

about 2 miles above the station, cause considerable diurnal fluctuation, especially 

at low stages. It is probable that the flow is also affected by other power plants 

farther up the river.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Accuracy. As records are based on one gage reading daily, at 7 a. m., it is probable 

that the estimates of daily discharge are somewhat in error, especially at low 

stages. The actual daily discharge is probably greater than that indicated by 

the reading at 7 a. m.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by the United States Weather Bureau.

No discharge measurements were made during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flint River at Albany, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

Day.

1..... .........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..........-.--

7..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..........-.--

15..............

16..............

17..............

IS

1Q

on

21..............

99

93

24..............

OR

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,290

3,200

3,380

3,980

5,440

5,780

5,320

4,520

4,190

3,570

3,200

3,020

3,020

3,020

3,020

4,300

7,670

6,820

6,360

6,020

5,210

3,670

3

OQA

3,200

3,110

3,290

3,020

2 fi7ft

2,580

Nov.

2,500

2,500

2,330

2,250

2,330

2,250

2,250

2,330

2,580

2,250

2,170

2,330

2,330

2,500

2,930

3,380

3,670

5,100

5 780

6,700

6,590

6,480

5,900

4,520

3 480

3,020

2,840

3,980 

6,700

Dec.

9,920

12,400

14,200

14,700

16,300

15,600

14,300

12,300

11,500

11,300

12,400

13,700

12,800

7,540

6,820

6,590

6,240

6,240

6,360

6,360

5,210

4,980

4 980

4 980

5,100

5,100

5,560

5,780 

7 060

7,800

Jan.

8,920

9,800

10,200

10,400

9,920

8,670

7,920

8 nd.fi

8,800

9,300

9,300

9,170

& Q2TI

8,920

9,300

9 Q90

12 000

14' 700

17 non

17 <inn

10 onn

01 3flft

no oflfl

09 sfln

21 000

17*700

15,100

15,200 

15 900

16^200

Feb.

16,200

16,200

16,000

15,900

15,500

15,800

15,600

15,500

14,300

12,800

11,300

10,200

9,170

8,670

7 Q20

7,920

8,300

9,300

10,000

10,400

9 540

8

' K40

S ndfi

c K/in

9 540 loUoo

10,700

Mar.

10,400

9,670

9,170

8,670

8,420

9,170

10,300

11,200

11,800

12,500

13,000

12,700

11,000

9 inn

8,040

7,420

6,480

6,240

6,130

5 900

5^670

5,670

5,440

5 440

5^320

5,560

5,440

S QOft

6,020

Apr.

6,360

6,700

6,940

6,820

6,700

6,130

6,020

5,670

5,210

4,860

4,520

4,750

4,410

4,300

4,300

4,080

3,770

3,770

3,570

3,670

3,670

3 480

3', 380

3 QSft

3 QSft

3

OQA

3 onn

3 911ft

3,110

3

0Qft

May.

3,380

3,290

3,380

3,200

3,020

3,020

2,840

5,210

8,670

10,400

11,300

13,000

15,200

15,900

15,800

14,400

12,500

10,400

7,060

5,560

4,860

4,300

3,980

3,670

3,570

3 4 on

3,110

3,110

3,290

5,560

June.

5,780

5,440

5,320

7,060

8,300

9,800

10,900

11,500

10,000

4,980

3,770

3,380

3,290

3,020

3,020

3,200

4,080

3 77ft

3,670

3 QSft

3

QQrt

3,200

2 7fift

2,670

o qort

2,420

2,330

2,420

2

QOA

July.

2,420

2,670

2,930

3,480

4,750

5,900

5,210

5,210

5,900

7,060

8,800

9,670

9,420

9,170

8,170

5,900

3

QQA

3,670

3,200

3,020

2 760

2 7fift

2 760

2

QAf)

2 7fift

o ft7f)

2,420

2 91O

2,090 

2,010

1,930

Aug.

1,780

1,700

1,700

1,550

2,010

2,420

2,580

2,670

2,760

2,330

2,090

2,250

2,170

2,090

2,090

2,170

2,250

2

Eftfl'

2 fi7ft

1 7fiA

2 17ft

2 840

3

' OQfi

3,110

3,110

2 930

2^580

2,250

2,090 i stf*n

2,010

Sept.

2,010

 2,090

1,930

1,850

1,780

1,620

1,620

1,850

2,090

2,330

2,250

1,850

1,620

1 7Sft

1,700

1,700

1,850

2,010

1,850

1,700

1 700

1^850

2,010

1 700

1^620

1,410

1,340

1 4Sft

1,480

1 4Sft

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 2,500 and 48,000 secondfeet.

Monthly discharge of Flint River at Albany, Ga., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 5,000 square miles.]

Month.

December. ..............................

January.. ...............................

April. . .................................

M^y....... .............................

July....................................

August. . ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,670 

6,700 

16,300

22,800 

16,200 

13,000

6,940 

15,900 

11,500

9,670 

3,290 

2,330

22,800

Minimum.

2,580 

2,170 

4,980

7,920 

7,920 

5,320

3,110 

2,840 

2,330

1,930 

1,550 

1,340

1,340

Mean.

4,250 

3,560 

9,180

13,000 

11,500 

8,080

4,530 

6,800 

4,730

4,440 

2,320

1,780

6,170

Per 

square 

mile.

0.850 

.712 

1.84

2.60 

2.30 

1.62

.906 

1.36 

.946

.888 

.464 

.356

1.23

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.98 

.79 

2.12

3.00 

2.40

1.87

1.01 

1.57 

1.06

1.02 

.53 

.40

16.75

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

A.

B.

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

B. 

B.

C.
APALAOHICOLA EIVEE BASIN. 41

TOBLER CREEK NEAE YATESVILLE, GA.

Location. At Tobler Mills, about 1 mile downstream from Macon & Birmingham

Railroad bridge, about 2 miles north of Yatesville, and about 15 miles from Flint

River.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Records available. November 4, 1914, to September 30, 1915. 

Gage. Vertical staff on right bank just below penstock of Tobler Mills; read by

J. K. Sanders once daily to hundredths. 

Discharge measurements. Made from steel highway bridge across mill pond

about 600 feet above gage during medium and high stages; by wading during

low stages. 

Channel and control. Channel consists of bowlders and solid rock. Control

formed by solid rock shoal; permanent. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 2.6 feet at 7.10

a. m. November 30 and at 7 a. m. January 18. Minimum stage recorded: 0.3

foot at 6 a. m. September 29. t 

Regulation. Tobler Mill causes large fluctuations in stage. Gage is read in the

morning before operation of mill in order to obtain readings which more nearly

represent the normal stage. 

Accuracy. Gage-height record reliable. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915. 

[Made by Warren E. Hall.]

Date.

Nov.4. ....... ................

4........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.52

.52

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

6.61

6.71

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.65

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

165

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31...........

Nov.

0.52

.50

.50

.52

.50

.58

.60

.52

.58

.58

.58

2.1

1.6

.88

.78

.75

.65

.68

.68

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

1.55

2.6

Dec.

1.3

.95

.90

on

on

.85

.85

.80

.80

.80

.80

,75

,85

.90

on

.90

.65

.65

.65

.75

.80

.80

.70

.75

.75

on

80

.80

.98

1.4

1.0

Jan.

0.90

.85

.85

.80

.80

.88

1.1

.90

.88

.85

.85

1.1

.9

.9

.85

.85

1.1

2.6

2.1

1.2

1.05

1.0

.95

1.55

1.5

1.1

1.05

1.0

.95

.92

1.2

Feb.

0.90

1.3

1.3

1.0

.95

1.0

.92

.90

.85

.80

.80

.80

.75

.75

.85

1.1

on

.75

.80

.80

.85

.85

.85

1.1

on

80

.80

on

Mar.

0.90

.80

.80

.75

1.4

1.4

.95

.90

.90

.85

.85

.80

.75

.80

.80

.80 '.82

.80

.80

80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.75

.75

.75

80

.80

80

.85

Apr.

0-90

.85

.85

.80

.80

.75

.75

.75

.75

.65

.65

.75

.75

.70

.70

.72

.72

.70

.70

.72

.72

.72

.68

.62

.60

.60

.62

.62

.80

.70

May.

0.70

.70

.65

.62

.62

.62

.60

1.55

.90

.80

.80

1.3

.95

.85

.78

.70

.70

.70

.68

.65

.65

.65

60

.60

.68

.65

.60

.75

.70

.70

.75

June.

1.4

1.9

1.0

.80

.80

.78

.75

.70

.70

.60

.60

.65

.65

.65

.60

.55

.60

.62

,60

.55

.55

.50

.50

.50

.52

.50

.50

80

.80

.82

July.

0.50

.85

.70

.72

.85

1.7

.90

.70

1.2

.90

.75

.70

.70

.72

.75

.60

.60

.55

.55

.70

.80

.65

.65

.60

.60

.60

.62

.60

.60

.52

.52

Aug.

0.52

.52

.50

.52

.52

.55

.50

.50

.50

.52

.50

.52

.50

.50

.52

.50

.50

.52

1.1

.70

.60

.60

.60

.60

55

.50

.50

EC

.50

.52

.50

Sept.

0.52

.50

.50

.50

.52

.52

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

60

.50

.50

.50

.45

.50

.50

.45

.50

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.30

.40
42 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET II.

ESCAMBIA RIVER BASIN. 

CONECUH EIVEE AT BECK, ALA.

Location. At Simmons Bridge at Beck, 8 miles west of Andalusia, Ala., a station 

on the Central of Georgia and Louisville & Nashville railroads, and about 12 miles 

below the mouth of Patsaliga Creek.

Drainage area. 1,290 square miles.

Records available. August 24, 1904, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to upstream side of wagon bridge; read 

by S. T. Dillard once daily to half-tenths.

Discharge measurements. Made from the wagon bridge.

Channel and control. In soft bedrock; practically permanent; both banks subject 

to overflow at high stages.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 15.6 feet at 9 

a. m. January 25. Minimum stage recorded: 1.3 feet at 8.30 a. m. August 2 and 3. 

Maximum mean daily discharge, 1904-1915: 26,000 second-feet, March 18,1913, 

(estimated by comparison with Pea River at Pera, Ala). Minimum stage recorded: 0.7 foot, October 4, 1904; discharge, 187 second-feet.

Regulation. The flow at times may be affected by logging operations.

Accuracy. Station not visited since October 18, 1911; gage readings may be considerably in error, owing to elongation of the gage chain, and are therefore withheld 

from publication.

MOBILE RIVER BASIN.

OOSTANAULA EIVEE AT EESACA, GA.

Location. At Western & Atlantic Railroad bridge in Resaca, 3 miles below junction 

of Conasauga and Coosawattee rivers, and 1 mile above the mouth of Camp Creek.

Drainge area. 1,610 square miles.

Records available. 1891 to 1898 (gage heights by the United States Weather 

Bureau and discharge measurements and gage heights by the United States 

Geological Survey); 1899 to 1904 partial records of gage heights; continuous 

records, January 1, 1905, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Heavy vertical timber attached to downstream side of bridge pier in middle 

of river. Gage is in poor condition; read once daily.

Discharge measurements. Usually made from downstream side of railroad bridge, 

but at times from a boat at the ferry about 200 feet above, where the section is 

eomewhat better. A new steel highway bridge about 500 feet downstream now 

affords better equipment from which measurements can be made.

Channel and control. Slightly shifting at and below station. Left bank low and 

overflows during high water for 480 feet.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 21.5 feet, February 

3; discharge, 18,100 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.2 feet, September 

24; discharge, 275 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1896-1915: l 31.7 feet, March 15, 1909; discharge, 

39,200 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.95 foot, during discharge measurement September 26, 1904; discharge, 273 second-feet.

Regulation. Except on the smaller tributaries there are very few mill dams, and 

these have little or no effect on flow at station. Channel sometimes obstructed 

by logs under left span of bridge.

1 No gage-height records were collected during the following periods: May 1 to July 31, 1896; May 1 to 

Oct. 31,1899; July 1 to Oct. 31,1900; May 1 to Nov. 12,1901, and Jan. 1,1902, to Dec. 31,1904.
MOBILE EIVER BASIN. 48

Accuracy. Slight change; in rating curve owing to shift in control. Discharge estimates for low stages should be used with caution, owing to difficulty in obtaining 

accurate readings because of poor condition of lower end of gage. 

No discharge measurements were made during the year, but a measurement made

on November 1, 1915 (discharge, 986 fecond-feet) checks the rating curve.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

380

380

420

420

380

380

380

380

380

345

420

420

420

420

2,650

7,540

4,110

1,350

1,230

1,110

880

730

590

590

590

590

500

500

500

500

500

Nov.

500

460

460

460

460

460

460

460

500

<MO

590

500

500

500

680

590

500 win

500

500

500

500

460

460

460

460

460

460

460

7SO

Dec.

730

1,750

1,540

8,690

13,600

10,800

8,690

5,160

4,110

1,410

1,230

1,110

1,110

1,750

1,110

990

830

7QA

730

880

1,110

1,350

1,750

1,890

6,780

15,400

14, 600

12,600

12,000

9,460

Jan.

6,050

4,110

3,430

3,110

2,880

2,490

9,370

6,780

4,110

3,270

2,650

4,110

6,230

4,630

4,110

5,330

4,110

3,680

5,870

4,980

3,940

3,270

3,040

4,110

7,920

8,500

6,500

4,280

3,770

3,600

3,510

Feb.

7,730

17,000

18, 100

14, 600

10,300

6,870

4,630

4,110

3,680

3,270

3,040

2,720

2,720

2,720

4,540

7,730

4,720

3,850

3,430

2 880

4,980

2,490

2,340

8,210

7,160

4,630

3,940

3,270

Mar.

3,270

3,040

2,800

2,650

3,430

6,140

5,160

4,450

4,110

3,270

2,960

2,800

2,800

2,650

2,960

2,960

2 960

2^960

2,570

2,650

2,490

2,490

2,340

2,340

2

Q4n

2,190

2,490

2,490

Apr.

2,490

2,490

2,190

2,110

2,110

2,110

1,960

1,960

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,890

1,960

2,040

1,750

1,610

1,610

1,540

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,410

1,610

May.

1,750

1,470

1,350

1,230

1,170

1,110

1,110

2,720

10, 100

6,870

2,800

2,490

2,110

3,270

2,490

2,490

2,110

1,890

1,750

1,610

1,470

1,410

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,610

2,110

2,040

1,470

1,350

1,350

June.

1,750

1,610

1,470

1,470

1,350

1,350

1,470

1,610

1,750

1,750

1,470

1,470

1.750

2,190

2,340

2,490

2,800

2 960

2,490

1,470

1,230

1,170

1,110

990

830

780

780

830

990

990

July.

1,110

1,230

2,190

2,190

3,270

3,770

2,490

2,650

2,190

2,040

2,040

1,750

1,610

1,750

1,610

1,610

1,890

1,750

1,610

1,350

1,110

1,750

1,470

1,230

1,110

1,110

990

780

680

590

545

Aug.

500

500

1,110

990

780

680

590

500

500

990

680

1,110

2,490

1,350

1,350

1,750

1,610

780

780

1,170

2,800

1,610

1,290

1,290

1,110

990

990

830

2,490

1,610

1,110

Sept.

1,110

1,110

880

830

3,270

4,980

3,270

1,820

1,110

990

830

780

780

730

780

780

680

635

500

420

345

310

310

275

880

590

500

500

460

590

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 7,000 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Oostanaula River at Resaca^ Ga., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,610 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

January. . ...............................

March.... . ..............................

April...................... ..... . . ...

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,540 

730 

16,600

9,370 

18,100 

6,140

2,490 

10,100 

2,960

3,770 

2,800 

4,980

18, 100

Minimum.

! 345

i 460 

i 730

! 2,490 

\ 2, 340 

; 2, 190

! 1,410 

! 1,110

i 780

.545 

; 500 

| 275

i 275

Mean.

967 

504 

5,180

4,640 

5,920 

3,010

1,810 

2,220 

1,560

1,660 

1,170 

1,030

2,460

Per 

square 

mile.

0.601 

.313 

3.22

2.88 

3.68 

1.87

1.12 

1.38 

.969

1.03 

.727 

.640

1.53

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.69 

.35 

3.71

3.32

3.83 

2.16

1.25 

1.59 

1.08

1.19 

.84 

.71

20.72

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B.

A. 

B. 

B.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

COOSA RIVER AT RIVERSIDE, ALA.

Location. At the Southern Railway bridge at Riverside, 1 mile above mouth of 

Blue Eye Creek, and about 7 miles above Choccolocco Creek.

Drainage area. 7,060 square miles.

Records available. September 25, 1896, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to right-bank end of downstream side of railroad 

bridge; read twice daily by J. E. Whitehead. The original wire gage was located 

on the downstream side of bridge near middle of river.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of railroad bridge.

Channel and control. Bed of stream rocky and permanent. For a part of the 

width the current is broken by a ledge above. Both banks high and do not 

overflow. Control permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 18.0 feet at 6 a. m., 

December 29; discharge, 68,100 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.7 foot 

at 6 a. m. and 6 p. m., October 4 to 7; discharge, 1,760 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1896-1915: 19.8 feet, March 20, 1906; discharge, 

75,800 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.35 foot, October 20 to November 

1,1904; discharge, 1,220 second-feet.

Regulation. Flow not noticeably affected by artificial regulation at the comparatively few dams above. Four navigation locks have been constructed, the nearest 

of which is lock 4, about 4 miles above the station. Lock 5, several miles downstream, will soon be completed and discharge relation will then be affected by 

backwater from the dam.

Accuracy. Rating curve good and probably permanent. Records should, however, 

be used with caution, as no discharge measurements have been made since 1911.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

2,080

1,920

1,920

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,760

2,080

2,440

3,430

3,890

3,430

3,430

3,890

4,380

12,000

17,100

14,900

9,980

5,970

4,130

3,430

3,010

2,810

2,620

2,260

2,260

2,260

3,000

1,920

Nov.

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

2,000

2,440

3,220

3,010

2,620

2,620

3,220

4,640

5,700

X. Q7O

4 fidn

3,890

3,430

3,010

2,620

2,260

2,170

2,080

2,080

2,810

4,130

Dec.

3,430

5,420

7,440

9,980

16,000

25,600

31,500

31,100

23,900

16,000

11,300

7,140

6,840

8,700

9,660

9,020

8,380

6,840

5,700

5,160

5,420

5,700

6,250

8,060

12,400

21,000

38,300

56,200

46,400

44,700

Jan.

40,400

32,400

19,800

14,500

12,000

13,100

24,300

9.1 oflfi

94. Sftft

21,000

19,000

19,000

10 dflfl

18,300

17,900

19,800

24,300

25,200

23,100

19,000

16,000

17,900

23,100

Oft Qfln

21,800

18,300

17,900

Feb.

22,700

42,600

50,200

51,500

51,100

51,100

46,000

40,900

21,400

17,500

12,700

12,400

14,500

17 p»nn

19,400

20,200 IE onn

 10 QflO

12,000

11,000

H oflft

91 nnft

19,400

Mar.

17,500

14,900

13,400

12,000

19,800

23,100

27,700

26,000

23,100

19,800

16,800

14,200

11,700

11,700

11,300

10,300

9,660

9,020

9,020

9,980

11,000

9,340

8,700

8,380

8,380

8,380

8,060

8,380

8; 700

8,700

Apr.

8,380

8,380

8,380

8,380

8,060

7,750

7,140

7, 140

6,540

5,970

5,970

5,970

5,700

5,420

5,420

5,420

5,420

5,160

5,160

5,160

5,160

5,160

4,900

4,640

4,640

A fidn

4,380

4,380

4,380

May.

4,380

4,380

3,890

3,890

3,890

3,890

12,400

33,600

35,800

34,100

23,900

17,500

13,400

12,000

11,000

9,340

8,700

7,750

6,250

5,420

5,160

4,900

4,900

4,380

4,380

4,380

7,440

7,750

6,250

June.

5,700

5,420

4,900

4,900

4,900

4,900

4,900

5,160

4,900

4,900

4,640

4,380

4,380

4,900

6,540

7,750

6,840

6,540

6,540

5,970

5,420

4,380

3,890

3,430

3,430

3,220

3,220

3,220

3,890

3,890

July.

6,840

7,140

7,750

11,700

16,000

17,900

18,300

17,100

13,400

12,400

9,980

9,020

8,380

8,380

6,840

6,840

6,540

6,540

5,420

4,640

3,890

3,890

3,430

3,010

3,010

3,010

2,810

2,810

2,810

2,620

2,620

Aug.

2,620

2,620

2,810

3,010

3,010

3,010

2,810

2,810

2,810

2,810

2,810

2,810

2,810

4,130

4,130

4,900

4,900,

5,420

6,250

7,140

9,340

9,980

9,020

7,750

5,420

4,380

4,380

4,380

4,130

3,890

3,890

Sept.

3 onn

3 onn

3,890

4,130

9 QQA

IQ 4nn

22,300 ift ftftn

13,400

7,440

5,420

3,430

3,010

3,010

3,010

3,430

3,220

3,010

3,010

2,810

2,620

2,620

3,010

3,010

3,010

3,010

2,620

2,260

2,260

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.
MOBILE RIVER BASIN". 45

Monthly discharge of Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 7,060 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,100 

5,970 

56,200

40,400 

51,500 

27,700

8,380 

35,800 

7,750

18,300 

9,980 

22,300

56,200

Minimum.

1,760 

1,920 

3,430

12,000 

11,000 

8,060

4,380 

3,890 

3,220

2,620 

2,620 

2,260

1,760

Mean.

4,150 

2,860 

17,200

22,100 

25,300 

13,200

5,990 

10,900 

4,900

7,580 

4,520 

5,570

10,300

Per 

square 

mile.

0.588 

.405 

2.44

3.13

3.58 

1.87

.848 

1.54 

.694

1.07 

.640 

.789

1.46

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

.45 

2.81

3.61 

3.73 

2.16

.95

1.78 

.77

1.23 

.74

.88

19.75

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

ETOWAH RIVER NEAR BALL GROUND, GA.

Location. At the iron wagon bridge about 3 miles southeast of Ball Ground and a 

quarter of a mile below mouth of Longswamp Greek.

Drainage area. 466 square miles.

Records available. May 16, 1907, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. A standard chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge, installed August 

18, 1908, to replace vertical staff gage, located 75 feet below bridge; read twice 

daily by Miss Ethel Long. The chain gage was set to read with the vertical staff 

at low stages and will differ only very slightly at other stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of wagon bridge.

Channel and control. Left bank does not overflow, but the right bank overflows 

about 500 feet beyond end of bridge approach at high stages. Current is somewhat 

broken and is disturbed by rough, rocky bed and curved channel above. Control 

somewhat shifting but not definitely located.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 13.2 feet at 6 

a. m. December 26; discharge, 8,780 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 

1.95 feef at 5 p. m. October 1; discharge, 265 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1907-1915: 19.5 feet at 4 p. m. March 15, 1913; discharge, 15,500 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.4 feet at 6 a. m. July 28, 

1914; discharge, 165 second-feet.

Regulation. Operation of a number of mills above may cause slight variations in 

flow.

Accuracy. Discharge relation affected by shifting of the stream bed some distance 

below station. Results fairly good.

Discharge measurements of Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Made by Frank Lederle.]

Date.

Nov.17.. ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.80

5.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,770

Date.

Sept. 27... ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.87

2.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

HfiA

355
46 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

W. .............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

275

410

780

735

w>

480

365

288

325

312

275

OOr

3,930

3,130

1,080

600

480

395

350

325

325

325

338

325

QOC

300

288

Qflfl

Nov.

300

325

312

300

300

300

325

410

CA(\

410

338

qnn

325

428

830

830

445

380

410

380

350

338

350

*>9 C

325

09 C

350

600

3,770

Dec.

2,020

780.

1,200

7,010

5,590

1,950

1,310

1,080

930

880

690

880

980

780

690

645

645

600

830

830

735

7*> K

6,160

7,390

2 090

1 490

2,230

1,880

1,370

Jan.

1,20°0

1,080

980

880

880

1,740

3,370

1,680

1,310

1 140

1 140

2 160

1 ^f^fi

1 OCA

1 200

1 080

2,520

O Qflfl

2,020

1,620

1,310

1,490

3,770

3,690

2

9OA

1,810

1,680

1,430

1,310

1,310

Feb.

3,690

3,210

2,090

1,740

1,810

2,020

1,680

1,550

1,430

1,310

1,310

1,250

1,200

2,820

2,230

1 680

1,490

1,370

1,310

i 9^n

1,250

1,620

5

CQA

2,820

2,020

1,810

1,620

Mar.

1,740

1,550

1,430

1,430

2,520

2,230

2,020

1,740

1,620

1,490

1,430

1, 430 .

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,250

1,200

1,250

1,250

1,200

1,140

1,140

1,080

1,080

1,140

1,140

1 080

1,080

1,200

Apr.

1 080

1 080

1,080

1 030

980

980

980

980

980

930

88Q

980

880

880

880

830

880

880

880

880

880

880

830

830

780

780

780

780

780

780

May.

735

735

735

690

690

645

2,090

2,970

1,310

980

930

1,310

2,370

1,310

1,080

880

830

780

780

780

780

780

780

780

980

1,030

780

735

690

690

1,030

June.

1,490

1,200

830

735

690

780

690

735

690

600

600

600

645

690

690

645

600

580

560

560

520

520

480

480

480

462

480

520

560

780

July.

690

600

600

560

930

880

645

600

690

645

600

540

480

520

830

560

480

445

428

380

480

410

380

410

410

380

350

350

338

350

350

Aug.

410

480

410

645

395

365

312

445

350

1,200

600

480

480

735

560

480

410

1,200

690

480

520

445

395

380

350

350

365

380

380

428

445

Sept.

380

350

350

338

645

540

410

365

350

325

325

312

325

350

338

300

312

312

300

365

735

500

350

325

325

300

300

300

275

410

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[Drainage area, 466 square miles.]

Month.

May...................................

July...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,930 

3,770 

7,390

3,770 

5,590 

2,520

1,080 

2,970 

1,490

930 

1,200 

735

7,390

Minimum.

275 

300 

600

880 

1,200 

1,080

780 

645 

462

338 

312 

275

275

Mean.

617 

508 

1,800

1,780 

1,940 

1,400

903 

1,020 

663

526 

502 

370

999

Per

square 

mile.

1.32 

1.09 

3.86

3.82 

4.16 

3.00

1.94 

2.19 

1.42

1.13 

1.08 

.794

2.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

r area).

1.52 

1.22 

4.45

4.40 

4.33 

3.46

2.16 

2.52 

1.58

1.30

1.24 

.89

29.07

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

B. 

A.

B.

A. 

B.
MOBILE EIVEE BASllST. 47

ETOWAH RIVER NEAR ROME, GA.

Location. At Freemans Ferry, 5 miles above Rome, where Etowah and Oostanaula 

rivers unite to form Coosa River; 1 mile below mouth of Dikes Creek.

Drainage area. 1,800 square miles.

Records available. August 17, 1904, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Vertical staff in three sections on left bank 250 feet below the ferry; read 

twice daily by R. M. Patillo.

Discharge measurements. Made from ferryboat or from small boat held in place 

by ferry cable. No measurements can be made at high stages.

Channel and control. Both banks subject to overflow during extreme high water. 

Control formed by shoal immediately below gage.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 14.3 feet at 7 

a. m. February 2; discharge, 22,500 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.45 

feet at 6 p. m. October 2; discharge, 585 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1905-1915: 23.1 feet at 6 p. m., March 20, 1906; discharge, approximately 60,800 second-fe'et. Minimum stage recorded: 1.2 feet, 

October 10 and 24, 1904; discharge, 360 second-feet.

Regulation. Operation of the few mill dams above will seldom affect the flow.

Accuracy. Conditions of flow permanent; rating curve excellent for low and medium

No discharge measurements were made during the year, but a measurement made 

on November 2, 1915, checks the rating curve.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Etowah River near Rome, Ga.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3. ........ .....

4.. ............

5..............

6... ...........

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19...V..........

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

625

609

895

1,200

1,200

1,090

942

800

710

625

990

710

625

1,540

3,300

8,500

5,080

1,200

1,090

990

QQK

895

895

52dft

848

800

800

800

800

SfiA

Nov.

800

800

755

755

755

710

710

668

1,920

1,790

1,420

1,040

848

800

1,790

990

OQR

895

848

848

OAA

800

800

son

710

668

710

895

.....

Dec.

4,540

3,300

4,900

13,000

15,200

9,220

3,820

2,340

2,060

1,790

1,660

1,540

1,600

1,480

1,360

1,300

1,200

1,090

1,090

990

990

1,250

1,540

6,160

17,000

13,000

4 900

5,800

4,720

Jan.

3,300

2,640

2,200

2,200

2,060

2,200

11,600

7,060

3,820

2,960

2,640

4,900

4,360

3,640

3,130

9 son

3,300

3 ion

2,960

2 R4fi

4,360

12,100

19 Iftft

8,140

4,180

3,640

3 OAA

Feb.

15,700

21,300

12,500

6,160

5,800

6,160

5,080

4,540

4,000

3,640

3,300

3,130

2,960

4,720

6 700

4,000

3,640

3 OAA

3 i^n

2 Qfin

2

QCA

6,520

9,400

7,960

5,080

4,000

Mar.

4,000

3,640

3,300

3,130

4,540

5,260

5,260

4,540

4,000

3,640

3,300

2,960

2,960

2,960

2,800

2,640

2,640

2

QCA

2,960

2,640

2 fidfi

2 340

2,340

2,340

2,340

Apr.

2,340

2,340

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,200

2,060

1,920

1,920

1 790

1,790

i 7on

1,790

1 7QA

1 790

1 660

1 660

1,660

1,660

1,660

May.

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,540

1,540

1,480

3,640

15,200

12,600

8,500

3,820

2,960

2,640

2 9fifi

2,060

2

f\pr\

1 Q9fi

1 790

1,790

1 660

1 660

1,660

1,600

1,540

1,600

1

7QA

1,660

I VQft

2 

' 060

June.

i

2,200

2,340

2,340

1,920

1,660

1,540

1,790

1,790

1,660

1,540

1,480

1,420

2,060

1 790

M80

1 QfiA

i ofift

1,090

1,090

990

990

1,250

1,090

4,000

July.

3*300

2,640

2,340

2,200

4,360

7,960

6,340

3,130

1,920

1,920

2,490

2,340

9 nfin

1 790

1^480

1,250

1,140

1 ftQfi

1,090

1,090

QQA

895

OQK

OQK

OQK

OQK

895

SQ^i

OQK

Aug.

990

990

990

895

895

895

895

990

990

895

895

1,600

1,360

1,140

990

one

895

2

rtflA

4,000

3

1 on

1,600

1,420

i onn

1,200

1,090

1 040

1,'040

1,090

1,090

oon

Sept.

990

942

895

942

4,720

4,360

4,000

2,640

1,300

1,090

990

895

895

895

1,660

1,360

990

942

895

1,090

1,360

1,140

1,090

1,040

oon

oon

Qd9

895

895

990

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined .below 4,000 second-feet. 

$,000 second-feet .rating curve is an extension.

Above
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Monthly discharge of Etowah River near Rome, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,800 square miles.)

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,500 

1,920 

17,000

12,100 

21,300 

5,260

2,340 

15,200 

4,000

7,960 

4,000 

4,720

21,300

Minimum.

609 

668 

990

2,060 

2,640 

2,340

1,660 

1,480 

990

895 

895 

895

609

Mean.

1,390 

952 

4,420

4,440 

5,930 

3,130

1,940 

2,980 

1,880

2,010 

1,270 

1,430

2,630

Per 

square 

mile.

0.772 

.529 

2.46

2.47 

3.29 

1.74

1.08 

1.66 

1.04

1.12 

.706 

.794

1.46

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.89 

.59 

2.84

2.85 

3.43 

2.01

1.20 

1.91 

1.16

1.29 

.81

.89

19.87

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

C.

B. 

B. 

A.

A. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

TALLAPOOSA RIVER AT STURDEVANT, ALA.

Location. At the Central of Georgia Railway bridge, a quarter of a mile west of 

Sturdevant, and 5 miles below mouth of Hillabee Creek.

Drainage area. 2,460 square miles.

Records available. July 19, 1900, to September 30, 1915.

Gage. Vertical staff on right bank about 2,000 feet above bridge; read twice daily 

by C. J. Stowe. Original gage was a staff in two sections attached to pier of railroad bridge. A standard chain gage installed July 10,1905, was read until summer 

of 1906, when present gage was installed. Readings of new staff gage corrected 

to agree with readings of standard chain gage referred to its original datum at 

railroad bridge.

Discharge measurements. Made from a plank walk resting on the lower members 

of the deck railroad bridge. Some low-water measurements made from boat.

Channel and control. Rocky and permanent; one side deep and sluggish at low 

stages. Both banks overflow for about 200 feet at extreme high stages. Control, 

a rocky ledge across river just below bridge.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 14.3 feet at 8

a. m. July 6. Minimum stage recorded: 0.55 foot at 6 p. m. September 28 and 29.

Maximum stage recorded 1900-1915: 21.6 feet, March 20, 1906; discharge,

59,100 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.2 foot, October 25 to 29, 1904;

discharge, 250 second-feet.

Regulation. Practically no effect from any of the small dams upstream.

As this station has not been visited since 1911, estimates of discharge have not been 

prepared.
MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 49

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

0.95

2.2

2.3

1.7

1.35

1.25

1.35

1.35

1.2

1.05

1.0

.85

1.15

2.2

4.1

4.6

3.4

2.7

2.0

1.7

1.45

1.3

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

.95

.8

g

.9

.9

Nov.

0.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.9

.9

.8

.8

1.0

1.25

4.0

5.7

4.7

2.7

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.45

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.05

1.3

1.7

3.4

4.0

Dec.

3.6

3.0

9 Q

4.5

6.5

4.5

3.5

3.0

2.7

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.5

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

3.1

4.7

4.9

4.1

4.5

6.1

5.1

Jan.

4.1

3.4

3.0

2.9

2.7

4.5

7.8

6.2

4.7

4.1

4.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.3

6.3

7.8

7.6

6.2

4.9

4.1

4.2

8 1

7.6

6.5

5.5

4.7

4.1

3.8

3.6

Feb.

11.3

12.7

9 A

7.8

5.8

5.0

4.6

4 9

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.6

6.1

5.9

5.1

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.7

5.6

6.1

5.4

4.5

4.0

.......

Mar.

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

6.8

6.3

5.4

4.7

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.4

Apr.

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.3

2.5

2.3

2.2

May.

2.2

2.1

2 1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.3

7.9

9.2

6.3

4.1

4.4

4.0

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.6

5.2

4.1

3.5

2.9

June.

2.7

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.8

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.0

1.8

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.45

1.35

1.15

1.05

1.05

1.1

1.3

1.45

3.6

2.9

July.

3.7

9.7

7.9

5.3

8.0

11.5

4.9

3.8

4.9

7.2

6.7

4.3

3.2

2.8

2.5

3.0

2.7

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.35

1.25

1.15

1.05

1.0

1.0

Aug.

1.0

.95

1.35

1.7

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

3.8

3.2

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.25

2.0

3.8

3.0

2.6

2.2

2.2

3.0

2.5

1.6

1.4

1.25

1.45

1.35

Sept.

1.45

1.35

1.05

1.05

13.3

7.0

5.9

3.6

2.5

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.45

1.45

1.6

1.35

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.15

1.05

1.0

.95

.8

.7

.6

.6

.55

2.3

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 

the eastern Gulf of Mexico basin in the year ending September 30, 

1915:

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in the eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage basin during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 19

Stream.

.....do.............

Tributary to 

.....do............

Locality.

mine, about 10 miles from Ball 

Ground. Ga. 

.....do..............................

station at Jackson, Miss.

height.

Feet. 

(a)

(&)

6 1Q

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

304

913

2,150

« Water surface 17.05 feet below top of downstream side of left bank pier. 

& Water surface 14.52 feet below top of downstream side of left bank pier,

32499° WSP 402 16 4
INDEX.

Page. 

Accuracy of data ......................----- 11-12

Acknowledgments to those aiding........... 12

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 6

Albany, Ga., Flint River at................. 39^0

Altamaha River basin, flow in............... 28-31

Apalachicola River basin, flow in............ 32-41

Appropriations, table of..................... 5

Authority for work.......................... 5

Ball Ground, Ga., Etowah River near....... 45-46

Beck, Ala., Conecuh River at................ 42

Buchanan, Va., James River at............. 12-14

Cartersville, Va., James River at............ 15-17

Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga..... 34-36

near Norcross, Ga....................... 32-33

Conecuh River at Beck, Ala................. 42

Control, definitions of....................... 6

Coosa River at Riverside, Ala............... 44-45

Creighton, Ga., Etowah River near.......... 49

Culloden, Ga., Flint River near............. 38-39

Data, explanation of......................... 9-11

Dean, H. 3., work of......................... 12

Definitions of terms......................... 6-7

Discharge, conversion of..................... 7-8

measurement of......................... 10

tables of................................. 10

Discharge relation, definition of.............. 6

Donnaha. N. C., Yadkin River at........... 20-22

Edisto River basin, flow in.................. 24-26

Equivalents, convenient, table of............ 7-9

Eseambia River basin, flow in............... 42

Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga........ 45-46

near Creighton, Ga...................... 49

near Rome, Ga.......................... 47-48

Fear, H. W., work of........................ 12

Flint River at Albany, Ga................... 39^0

near Culloden, Ga....................... 38-39

near Woodbury, Ga..................... 36-37

Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, N. C...... 24-26

Fraleys Ferry, Ga., Oconee River at......... 30-31

Gaging stations, data collected at............ 9-11

distribution of........................... 5-6

Greensboro, Ga., Oconee River near......... 29-30

Hall, B. M., jr., work of..................... 12

Hall, M. R., work of......................... 12

Hall, Warren E., work of.................... 12

Holeomb Rock, Va., James River at......... 14-15

Horsepower, computation of................. 8,9

Jackson, Ga., Ocmulgee River near.......... 28-29

Jackson, Miss., Pearl River at............... 49

James River at .Buchanan, ya............... 12-14

at Cartersville, Va....................... 15-17

at Holeomb Rock, Va................... -14-15

James River basin, flow in.................. 12-17

Ledele, Frank, work of...................... 12

Mathers, J. G., work of...................... 12

Mathis, Ga., Tallulah River at.............. 26-27

Milledgeville, G a., Oconee River near........ 30-31

Miner's inch, definition of................... 9

Mobile River basin, flow in.................. 42-49

Morgan, J. H., work of...................... 12

Norcross, Ga., Chattahoochee River near.... 32-33

Ocmulgee River near Jackson, Ga........... 28-29

Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, Ga.......... 30-31

near Greensboro, Ga..................... 29-30

near Milledgeville, Ga................... 30-31

Old Gaston, N. C., Roanoke River at........ 19-20

Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga............. 42-43

Pearl River at Jackson, Miss................ 49

Peedee River basin, flow in.................. 20-24

Peterson, B. J., work of..................... 12

Resaca, Ga., Oostanaula River at............ 42-43

Ridgeville, N. C., Four Hole Creek near..... 24-26

Riverside, Ala., Coosa River at.............. 44-45

Roanoke River at Old Gaston, N. C......... 19-20

at Roanoke, Va......................... 17-19

Roanoke River basin, flow in................ 17-20

Rome, Ga., Etowah River near.............. 47-48

Run-off, definition of........................ 6

Salisbury, N. C., Yadkin River near......... 22-24

Savannah River basin, flow in............... 26-27

Scope of work............................... 5

Second-foot, definition of.................... 6

Stevens, G. C., work of...................... 12

Stewart, J. E., work of...................... 12

Sturdevant, Ala., Tallapoosa River at....... 48-49

Tallaposa River at Sturdevant, Ala.......... 48-49

Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga................ 26-27

Teller, E. M., work of....................... 12

Terms, definitions of........................ 6-7

Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga............ 41

Walters, M. I., work of...................... 12

West Point, Ga., Chattahoochee River at.... 34-36

Woodbury, Ga., Flint River near........... 36-37

Work, division of............................ 12

Yadkin River at Donnaha, N. C............. 20-22

near Salisbury, N. C..................... 22-24

Yatesville, Ga., Tobler Creek near........... 41

Zero flow, definition of...................... 7

51
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

PART II, SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN 

GULF OF MEXICO BASINS
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of 

flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects as 

irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, and annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published 

annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below:

Part I. North Atlantic basins.

II. South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin.

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

I.. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific basins; in three volumes.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources of 

the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small, and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the

principal cities in the United States.

ni
IV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Madison, Wis., care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Phoenix, Ariz., 417 Fleming Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Cal., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 3,800 points 

in the United States and have been published in the reports tabulated 

below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; W=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt.2. ..........

llth A, pt.2...........

12th A, pt.2...........

13th A, pt. 3...........

14th A, pt.2...........

B 131..... .............

16th A, pt.2. ..........

B140. .................

Wll... ................

18th A, pt. 4...........

W15...................

W16....... ............

19th A, pt.4. ..........

W27..... ..............

W28...................

20thA.pt. 4...........

W3S to 39.. ............

21st A, pt.4. ...........

W47 to 52.. ...........

Character of data.

.....do..........................................................

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

(also similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas.

sippf River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western United States.

(also some long-time records).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

Descriptions, measurements, ease heights, and ratings. ........

Year.

1884 to Sept.,

1890.

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31.

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896.

1895 and 1896.

1897.

1897.

1897.

1898.

1898.

1898.

1899.

1899.

1900.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

22d A, pt.4. ...........

W66,66 ...............

W75...... .............

W82to85..............

W97tolOO............

W124 to 135... ........

W165 to 178. ..........

W201to214.... .......

W241to252...........

W261to272. ..........

W281 to 292... ........

W301 to 312. ..........

W321 to 332..... .......

W 351 to 362...........

W 381 to 394 ...........

W401 to 414. ..........

Character of data.

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

Year.

1900.

1901.

1901.

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

1915.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives by years and drainage basins the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1915. The data for any particular station will in general be found 

in the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data from 1902 to 1915, for any station in the 

area covered by Part III are published hi Water-Supply Papers 83, 

98, 128, 169, 205, 243, 263, 283, 303, 323, 353, 383, and 403, which 

contain records for the Ohio River basin for those years.
Number of water-supply papers containing results of stream me

Year.

1899«e......

19000......

1901. ......

1902. ......

IQAQ

1904.......

1905. ......

IQftfi

1907-8. .... 

1909

1910.......

1Q11

1912. ......

1Q13

1914.-....-

1915.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35 

47, ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

n 124, o 125, 

Z>126 

« 165, o 166, 

Z>167 

« 201, o 202, 

Z>203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

&35,36 

48 

65,75 

& 82, 83 

& 97, 98 

P 126, 127

P 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402

III

Ohio 

River

36 

48, «'49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

408

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes.

36 

49 

65,75 

'82,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper Mississippi 

River.

 36 

49 

465,66,75 

ft 83, 85 

ft98,99,mlOO 

ft 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405

VI

Missouri 

River.

«36,37 

49, ; 50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130, ? 131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406

VII

Lower Mississippi 

River.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

ft 83, 84 

ft 98, 99 

ft 128, 131

ft 169, 173 

ft 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408

C

R

17

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gallatin River.

A Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

ft Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

t Scioto River.

;' Loup and Platte 

with Platte.

ft Tributaries of Mi

I Lake Ontario and 

"> Hudson Bay only

« New England riv

o Hudson River to 

p Susquehanna Riv

? Platte and Kansa

f Great Basin in Ca

s Below junction w

* Rogue, Umpqua, 
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULP OF MEXICO BASINS. VII

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts, as indicated on page in, and in 

the records for large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the streams 

in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross back and 

forth over the lake surface.
PART IL SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO

BASINS.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The south Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage 

basins include streams flowing into the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of 

Mexico from York River, Va., to Pearl River, Miss., inclusive. The 

principal streams in this division are James, Roanoke, Cape Fear, 

Yadkhi, San tee, Savannah, Altamaha, Apalachicola, Choctawhatchee, 

Mobile, and Pearl. The streams drain wholly or in part the States 

of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South 

Carolina, and Virginia.

In addition to the annotated list of publications relating specifically to the section, these pages contain a similar list of reports that 

are of general'interest in many sections and cover a wide range of 

hydrologic subjects, and also brief references to reports published by 

State and other organizations. (See p. xvii.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash after a date indicates that station was being maintained September 

30, 1915; period after a date indicates discontinuance. Tributaries are indicated 

by indention.

JAMES EIVEE BASIN.

Jackson River (head of James) at Covington, Va., 1907-8. 

James River at Buchanan, Va., 1895- 

James River at Holcomb Rock, Va., 1900- 

James River at Cartersville, Va., 1899-

Cowpasture River near Clifton Forge, Va., 1907-8.

North River near Glasgow, Va., 1895-1905.

Appomattox River at Mattoax, Va., 1900-1905.

EOANOKE EIVER BASIN.

Roanoke River at Roanoke, Va., 1896-

Roanoke River at Randolph, Va., 1900-1906.

Roanoke River above Dan River, at Clarksville, Va., 1895-1898.

Roanoke River at Old Gaston, N. C., 1912-

Roanoke River near Weldon, N. C., 1912.

Roanoke River at Neal, N. C., 1896-1903.

Tinker Creek at Roanoke, Va., 1907-8. /

Back Creek near Roanoke, Va., 1907-8.

Dan River at Madison, N. C., 1903-1908.

Dan River at South Boston, Va., 1900-1907.

Dan River at Clarksville, Va., 1895-1898. v

Banister River at Houston, Va., 1904-5. 

vni
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS. IX 

TAR RIVER.BASIN.

Tar River near Tarboro, N. C., 1896-1900.

NEUSE RIVER BASIN.

Neuse River near Selma, N. C., 1896-1900.

CAPE FEAR RIVER BASIN.

Haw River (head of Cape Fear River) near Moncure, N. C., 1898-9. 

Cape Fear River near Fayetteville, N. C., 1889-1903.

Deep River near Cumnock, N. C., 1900-1902.

Deep River near Moncure, N. C., 1898-9.

Rockfish Creek near Brunt, N. C., 1902-3.

YADKIN (OR PEEDEE) RIVER BASIN.

Yadkin River (head of Peedee River) at North Wilkesboro, N. C., 1903-1909.

Yadkin River at Siloam, N. C., 1900-1901.

Yadkin River at Donnaha, N. C., 1913-

Yadkin River near Salisbury, N. C., 1895-1909; 1911-

Yadkin River near Norwood, N. C., 1896-1899.

Yadkin River near Peedeo, N. C., 1906-1912.

Peedee River at Cheraw, S. C., 1909-1912.

SANTEE RIVER BASIN.

Catawba River (head of Santee River) at Old Fort, N. C., 1907. 

Catawba River near Morganton, N. C., 1900; 1903-1909. 

Catawba River at Catawba, N. C., 1896-1902. 

Catawba River near Catawba, S. C., 1903-1905. 

Catawba River near Rock Hill, S. C., 1895-1903. 

Wateree River (lower part of Catawba) near Camden, S. C., 1903-1910. 

Mill Creek at Old Fort, N. C., 1907. 

Linville River at Fonta Flora, N. C., 1907-8. 

Linville River near Bridgewater, N. C., 1900. 

John River at Collettsville, N. C., 1907. 

John River near Morganton, N. C., 1900-1901.

Broad River (of the Carolinas), head of Congaree River, at Uree, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Dellinger, S. C., 1900-1901. 

Broad River (of the Carolinas) near Gaffney, S. C., 1896-1899. 

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. C., 1896-1907. 

Green River near Saluda, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Second Broad River near Logans Store, N. C., 1907-8. 

Saluda River near Waterloo, S. C., 1896-1905. 

Saluda River near Ninety Six, S. C., 1905.

EDiSTO RIVER BASIN.

Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C., 1914.

SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN.

Chattooga River (head of Savannah River) near Clayton, Ga., 1907-8. 

Tugaloo River (continuation of Chattooga River) near Toccoa, Ga., 1907-8. 

Tugaloo River near Madison, S. C., 1898-1901; 1903-1910. 

Savannah River near Calhoun Falls, S. C., 1896-1903. 

Savannah River at Woodlawn, S. C., 1905-1910. 

Savannah River at Augusta, Ga., 1899-1906.

Sfcekoa Creek near Clayton, Ga., 1907-8.

Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga., 1912-
X SUEPACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET II.

Savannah River tributaries Continued.

Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Ga., 1900-1901; 1904-1912. 

Chauga River near Madison, S. C., 1907. 

Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C., 1903-1905. 

Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga., 1897-1913.

OGBECHEE RIVER BASIN.

Ogeechee River near Millen, Ga., 1903.

Williamsons Swamp Creek near Davisboro, Ga., 1903-4. 

Canoochee River near Groveland, Ga., 1903-1907.

ALTAMAHA RIVER BASIN.

South River (head of Ocmulgee River, which is head of Altamaha River) near

Lithonia, Ga., 1903-4. 

Ocmulgee River near Jackson, Ga., 1906- 

Ocmulgee River near Flovilla, Ga., 1901-1905. 

Ocmulgee River atMacon, Ga., 1893-1913.

Yellow River at Almon, Ga., 1897; 1899-1901.

Alcovy River near Covington, Ga., 1901-1904.

Alcovy River near Stewart, Ga., 1905-6.

Towaliga River near Juliette, Ga., 1899-1901.

Oconee River at Barnett Shoals, near Watkinsville, Ga., 1902.

Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga., 1903-

Oconee River at Carey, Ga., 1896-1898.

Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near MiUedgeville, Ga., 1905-1908; 1909-

Oconee River at MiUedgeville, Ga., 1903-1905.

Oconee River at Dublin, Ga., 1894-1913.

Middle Oconee River near Athens, Ga., 1901-2. 

Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga., 1901-1908.

Ohoopee River near Reidsville, Ga., 1903-1907.

ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN.

Silver Spring near Silver Springs, Fla., 1906-7.

FLORIDA EVERGLADES DRAINAGE CANALS.

North New River canal near Fort Lauderdale, Fla., 1913. 

North New River canal near Rita, Fla.. 1913. 

South New River canal near Zona, Fla., 1913. 

South New River canal near Rita, Fla., 1913. 

'Miami canal near Miami, Fla., 1913.

SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN.

Suwannee River near White Springs, Fla., 1906-1908.

APALACHICOLA RIVER BASIN.

Chattahoochee River (head of ApalacMcola River) near Ariel, Ga., 1907-1909.

Chattahooch.ee River near Leaf, Ga., 1907.

Chattahoochee River near Gainesville, Ga., 1901-1903.

Chattahoochee River near Buford, Ga., 1901.

Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga., 1903-

Chattahoochee River at Oakdale, Ga., 1895-1904.

Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga., 1896-1910; 1912-

Chattahoochee River at Columbus, Ga., 1912.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULP OF MEXICO BASINS. XI

Chattahoochee River at Alaga, Ala., 1908-1912. 

Soque River near Demorest, Ga., 1904-1909. 

Sweetwater Creek near Austell, Ga., 1904-5; 1913. 

Flint River near Molina, Ga., 1897-98. 

Flint River near Woodbury, Ga., 1900- 

Flint River near Musella, Ga., 1907. 

Flint River near Culloden, Ga., 1911- 

Flint River near Montezuma, Ga., 1905-1909; 1911-12. 

Flint River at Albany, Ga., 1902- 

Flint River at Balnbridge, Ga., 1908-1913.

Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga., 1914-

Kinchafoonee Creek near Leesburg, Ga., 1905-1909.

Kinchafoonee Creek near Albany, Ga., 1903. 

Muckalee Creek near Albany, Ga., 1903.

Ichawaynochaway Creek at Milford, Ga., 1905-1907. 

Chipola River at Altha, Fla., 1912-13.

CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER BASIN.

Choctawhatchee River near Newton, Ala., 1906-1908; 1911-12. 

Choctawhatchee River near Geneva, Ala., 1904.

Double Bridges Creek at Geneva, Ala., 1904.

Pea River at Pera", Ala., 1904-1913.

Pea River at Elba, Ala., 1906.

BSCAMBIA RIVER BASIN.

Conecuh River at Beck, Ala., 1904-

MOBILE RIVER BASIN.

Cartecay River (head of Mobile River) near Cartecay, Ga., 1904-5; 1907.

Coosawattee River (continuation of Cartecay River) at Carters, Ga., 1892-1908.

Oostanaula River (continuation of Coosawattee River) at Resaca, Ga., 1896-1901; 1905-

Coosa River (continuation of Oostanaula River) at Rome, Ga., 1897-1903.

Coosa River at Lock No. 4, above Riverside, Ala., 1890-1901.

Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., 1896-

Coosa River at Lock No. 5, near Riverside, Ala., 1892-1899.

Coosa River at Childersburg, Ala., 1914.

Coosa River at Lock No. 12, near Clanton, Ala., 1914.

Coosa River at Lock No. 18, near Wetumpka, Ala., 1914.

Coosa River near Wetumpka, Ala., 1896-1898.

Alabama River (continuation of Coosa River) at Montgomery, Ala., 1899-1903.

Alabama River at Selma, Ala., 1899-1913.

Ellijay River at Ellijay, Ga., 1907.

Conasauga River at Beaverdale, Ga., 1907-8.

Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga., 1907-

Etowah River at Canton, Ga., 1892-1905.

Etowah River near Rome, Ga., 1904-

Etowah River at Rome, Ga., 1903.

Amicalola River near Potts Mountain, Ga., 1907-8; 1910-1913.

Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., 1903-1908.

Talladega Creek at Nottingham, Ala., 1900-1904.

Tallapoosa River at Sturdivant, Ala., 1900-.

Tallapoosa River near Susanna, Ala., 1900-1901.

Tallapoosa River at Cherokee Bluffs, near Tallassee, Ala., 1912-1914.
XII SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Alabama River tributaries Continued.

Tallapoosa River at Milstead, Ala., 1897-1903.

Little Tallapoosa River near Wedowee, Ala., 1913-14. 

Hillabee Creek near Alexander City, Ala., 1900-1903. 

Big Sandy Creek near Dadeville, Ala., 1900-1901. 

Cahaba River at Centerville, Ala., 1901-1908. 

Tombigbee River at Columbus, Miss., 1900-1912. 

Tombigbee River at Epes, Ala., 1900-1901; 1905-1913.

Black Warrior River (Mulberry Fork of Black Warrior River) near Cordova,

Ala., 1900-1912.

Black Warrior River near Coal, Ala., 1908-1910. 

Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1889-1905. 

Sipsey Fork of Black Warrior River 

Clear Creek near Elk, Ala., 1904-5.

Locust Fork of Black Warrior River at Palos, Ala., 1902-1905. 

Village Creek near Mulga, Ala., 1909-10.

Camp Branch near Ensley, Ala., 1908-1910. 

Venison Branch near Mulga, Ala., 1908-9.

PEARL RIVER BASIN.

Pearl River at Jackson, Miss., 1901-1913. 

Bogue Chitto at Warnerton, La., 1906.

REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OP THE SOUTH ATLANTIC AND 

EASTERN GULF STATES.

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at price noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 

pis. 15c.

Gives elevations and distances along rivers of the United States, and brief descriptions of many 

of the streams, including Roanoke, Cape Fear, Peedee, Santee, Savannah, Oconee, Apalachicola, 

Chattahoochee, Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Black Warrior rivers.

57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. A second edition was published as Water-Supply Paper 149 (q. v.).

62. Hydrography of the southern Appalachian Mountain region, Part I, by H. A. 

Pressey. 1902. 95 pp., 25 pis. 15c.

63. Hydrography of the southern Appalachian Mountain region, Part II, by H. A. 

Pressey. 1902. pp. 96-190, pis. 26-44. 15c.

Nos. 62 and 63 describe in a general way the mountains, rivers, climate, forests, soil, Tegetation, and mineral resources of the southern Appalachian Mountains, and then discuss in detail 

the drainage basins, giving for each an account of the physical features, rainfall, forests, minerals, 

transportation, discharge measurements, and water powers. Most of the streams described 

are tributary through Tennessee River to the Ohio, but Part II (No. 63) includes also descriptions of several streams in the south Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage basins.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTEBN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS. XDI

96. Destructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 81 

pp., 13 pis: 15c.

Contains an account of flood on tributaries of Broad River (of the Carolines) in Spartanburg 

County, S. C.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on municipal water supplies, wells, and springs of Georgia, Alabama, 

and Mississippi. The reports comprise tabulated wellrecords, giving information as to location, 

owner, depth, yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, materials penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*107. Water powers of Alabama, with an appendix on stream measurements in Mississippi, by B. M. Hall. 1904. 253 pp., 9 pis. 20c.

Contains gage heights, rating tables, and estimates of monthly discharge at stations on Tallapoosa, Coosa, Alabama, Cahaba, Black Warrior, and Tombigbee rivers and their tributaries; 

gives estimates and short descriptions of water powers.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains reports as follows:

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie. 

Scope indicated by title.

Water resources of the Cowee and Pisgah quadrangles, North Carolina, by Hoyt S. Gale. 

Discusses drainage, springs, and mineral waters of one of the units of the geologic atlas of the 

United States.

114. Underground waters of eastern .United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports relating to south Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage areas, 

as follows:

North Carolina, by M. L. Fuller.

South Carolina, by L. C. Glenn.

Georgia, by S. W. McCallie.

Florida, by M. L. Fuller.

Alabama, by E. A. Smith.

Each of these reports describes the geology of the area in its relation to water supplies, notes 

the principal mineral springs, and gives list of pertinent publications.

115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and J. C. 

Hoyt. 1905. 115 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Contains results of surveys made to determine location of undeveloped power sites. Gives 

elevations and distances along Catawba, Tallulah, Chattooga, Tugaloo, Savannah, Broad, 

Ocmulgee, Yellow, South, Alcovy, Towaliga, and Chattahoochee rivers.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains "Notes on certain hot springs of the southern United States," by Walter Harvey 

Weed, including the "Warm springs of Georgia." Describes the location of the springs, the 

geologic conditions, and the composition of the waters (with analyses); estimates discharge.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition with additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties) location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other valuable information concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

159. Summary of the underground-water resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Crider 

and L. C. Johnson. 1906. 86 pp., 6 pis. 20c.

Describes geography, topography, and general geology of the State; discusses the source, 

depth, of penetration, rate of percolation, and recovery of underground waters; artesian requisites, 

and special conditions in the Coastal Plain formations; gives notes on wells by counties, deep well 

records, and selected records in detail; treats of sanitary aspect of wells and gives analyses.

32499° WSP 402 16 5
XIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Contains brief report entitled " Peculiar mineral waters from crystalline rocks of Georgia," 

by Myron L. Fuller, discussing origin of certain mineral springs and wells near Austell; gives

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood 

discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy 

and others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Gives estimates of flood discharge and frequency on Cape Fear, Savannah, Alabama, and 

Black Warrior rivers.

*197. Water resources of Georgia, by B. M. and M. R. Hall. 1907. 342 pp., 1 pi. 50c.

Describes topographic and geologic features of the State; discusses by drainage basins, stream 

flow, river surveys, and water powers.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of James, 

Roanoke, Dan, Neuse, Cape Fear, Peedee, Wateree, SaJuda, Savannah, Ocmulgee, Oconee, 

Chattahoochee, Flint, Oostanaula, Alabama, Cahaba, Tombigbee, and Pearl rivers.

319. Geology and ground waters of Florida, by George Charlton Matson and 

Samuel Sanford. 1913. 445 pp., 17 pis. 60c.

Describes the characteristic upland, lowland, and coastal features of the State the springs, 

lakes, caverns, sand dunes, coral reefs, bars, inlets, tidal runways, pine lands, swamps, keys, 

and ocean currents; discusses in detail the stratigraphic position, lithologic character, thickness, physiographic expression, structure, and area! distribution of the geologic formations; 

treats of the source, amount, depth, circulation, and recovery of ground waters, the artesian 

waters, and public water supplies; and gives details concerning source, quality, and development 

of the water supplies by counties. Discusses briefly the quality of the well waters.

341. Underground waters of the coastal plain of Georgia, by L. W. Stephenson and 

J. O. Veatch, and a discussion of the quality of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 

1915. 539 pp., 21 pis. 50c.

Describes the physiographic features of the State, the geologic provinces, the areal distribution, stratigraphic position, and lithologic character of the rocks belonging to the geologic systems; discusses the source and amount of the ground waters, the uses of the springs and shallow 

and artesian wells, and the distribution of the ground waters in the rocks of the various formations; gives details concerning each county. The chapter on the chemical character of the 

waters describes standards for classification and the general requisites of waters for miscellaneous 

industrial uses and for domestic use; teats also of methods of purifying water and of the 

relation of quality to geographic position, to water-bearing stratum, and to depth.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-89, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1890. 2 parts. *Pt. I. Geology, xv, 774 pp., 98 pis. $2.35. 

Contains:

General account of the fresh-water morasses of the United States, with a description of the 

Dismal Swamp district of Virginia and North Carolina, by N. S. Shaler, pp. 255-339. Pis. vixix. Scope indicated by title.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1-47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS. XV

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Professional papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an asterisk may, however, be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professional papers 

are of quarto size.

37. The southern Appalachian forests, by H. B. Ayres and W. W. Ashe. 1905. 291 

pp., 37 pis. 80c.

Describes the relief, drainage, climate, natural resources, scenery, and water supply of the 

southern Appalachian forests, the trees, shrubs, and rate of growth; gives details concerning 

forests by drainage basins, including New, Holston (southern tributaries of South Fork only), 

Watauga, Nolichucky, French Broad, Pigeon, Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, Tallulah-Chattooga, 

Toxaway, Saluda and First and Second Broad rivers, Catawba and Yadkin rivers, describing, 

many of the tributaries of each of the master streams.

72. Denudation and erosion in the southern 'Appalachian region and the Monongahela 

basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river basins, 

along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoochee, 

Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Bulletins 

are of octavo size.

*138. Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Darton. 

1896. 232 pp., 19 pis.

Describes the general geologic structure of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region and summarizes 

the conditions affecting subterranean water in the Coastal Plain; discusses the general geologic 

relations in New York, southern New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Vir- 

' ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and eastern Georgia; gives for each of the States a list of 

the deep wells and discusses well prospects. The notes on the wells that follow the tabulated 

lists contain many sections and analyses of the waters.

264. Eecord of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106 pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records, to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and 

water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records 

of wells in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina, and detailed records of wells in 

Hancock and Jackson counties, Mississippi. These wells were selected because they give 

definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives aa account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and 

Virginia; and detailed records of wells in Madison, Marengo, and Mobile counties, Alabama; 

Duval, Escambia, Sumter, and Vplusia counties, Florida; Chatham, Decatur, Fulton, Pierce, 

and Tattnall counties, Georgia; Lenoir, New Hanover, and Moore counties, North Carolina; 

Aiken, Barnwell, Charleston, Hampton, Lee, and Orangeburg counties, South Carolina; and 

Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Marshall, Newton, and Panola counties, Mississippi. The wejls 

of which detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic 

information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians and 

parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately
XVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART H.

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute a Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps \showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and 

valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The arealgeology map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structuralgeology map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The 

economic-geology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. The artesian-water map shows the depth to underground-water 

horizons. Economic-geology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the 

conditions in the areas mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special 

interest to students of geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization of mineral resources.

The folios numbered from 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 

22 inches), called the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher 

than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in 

the Geological Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or 

less damaged by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They 

will be sold at the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale 

orders. This rate applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), 

also to the library edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185, 187, and 

higher numbers sells for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an 

unusually large amount of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of folio 

185 and higher numbers sells for 50 cents a copy, except folio 193, which sells for 

75 cents a copy. A discount of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for 

folios together with topographic maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or lessinf ormation concerning the utilization of the water resources.

80. Norfolk, Virginia-North Carolina. 5c.

Describes the plains, Dismal Swamp, and the tidal marshes; disciisses the reclamation of 

swamp lands and gives an account of the underground waters; gives sections of wells near 

Norfolk and at Fort Monroe, and analyses of waters from, the test boring at Norfolk and the 

boring at Lambert Point.

90. Cranberry, North Carolina-Tennessee. 5c. 

124. Mount Mitchell, North Carolina-Tennessee. 5c. 

147. Pisgah, North Carolina-South Carolina. 5c.

i Index maps showing areas in the South Atlantic States covered by topographic maps and by geologic 

folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, 

D\C.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTEEN GULP OF MEXICO BASINS. XVII

175. Birmingham, Alabama.1 5c.

187. Ellijay, Georgia-North Carolina-Tennessee.2 25c.

MISCELLANEOUS EEPOETS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources of 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining to the South Atlantic States are the reports of the State surveys 

of North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, and the Tenth 

Census (vol. f6).

The following reports deserve special mention:

Hydrography of Virginia, by N. C. Grover and R. H. Bolster: Virginia Geol. Survey 

Bull. 3, 1906.

Underground waters of the Coastal Plain province of Virginia, by Samuel Sanford: 

Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 5, 1913.

Surface water supply of Virginia, by G. C. Stevens: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 

10,1916.

A preliminary report on the water powers of Georgia, by B. M. Hall: Georgia Geol. 

Survey Bull. 3-A, 1896.

A preliminary report on the artesian-well system of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie: 

Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 7, 1898.

A preliminary report on the underground waters of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie:, 

Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 15, 1908.

Second report on the water powers of Georgia, by B. M. Hall and M. R. Hall: 

Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 16, 1908.

A preliminary report on the mineral springs of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie: Georgia 

Geol. Survey Bull. 20, 1913.

A preliminary report on the underground water supply of central Florida, by E. H. 

Sellards: Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 1, 1908.

Underground waters of Mississippi; a preliminary report by W. N. Logan and W. R. 

Perkins: Mississippi Agr. Exper. Sta. Bull. 89, 1905.

Report of the Secretary of Agriculture in relation to the forests, rivers, and mountains of the Southern'Appalachian region: 57th Congress, 1st sess., S. Doc. 84, 1902.

Underground water resources of Alabama, by E. A. Smith. Montgomery, Ala., 1907.

Preliminary report on part of the water powers of Alabama, by B. M. Hall: Alabama 

Geol. Survey Bull. 7, 1903.

Papers on the water power in North Carolina, a preliminary report by George F. 

Swain, J. A. Holmes, and E. W. Myers: North Carolina Geol. Survey Bull. 8, 1899.

The Coastal Plain of North Carolina, by W. B. Clark, B. L. Miller, L. W. Stephenson, 

B. L. Johnson, and H. N. Parker: North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey Rept., 

vol. 3,1912.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

organizations, and most of them can be consulted in the public 

libraries of the larger cities.

1 Octavo edition only. 8 Octavo edition, 50e.
XVIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigations:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1806 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kansas; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. lOc. 

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. 0. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, makes comparisons of wheels of several types, 

and discusses results,

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives resum^ of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relatrag to 

sewage utilization and disposal.

32 Water resources of Puerto Rico, by H. M. Wilson. 1899. 48 pp., 17 pis. 15c. 

Describes briefly topography, climate, rivers, irrigation methods, soils, forestation, water 

power, and transportation facilities.

*41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis.

*42. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75pp., 2 pis. lOc. 

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. (See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.)

64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream flow, 

and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged 

edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and 

porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of underground water; surface and deep 

zones of flow, and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the 

shape and position of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing wells; 

describes artesian wells at Savannah, Ga.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS. XIX

N

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect

on inland water resources, by M. 0. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

77. The water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren.

1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Describes briefly the topography, geology, coral reels, climate, soils, vegetation, forests, and 

fauna of the island, the springs, running streams and wells, and discusses the utilization of the 

surface and underground waters.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws of measurements of stream flow; gives formulas 

for rainfall, run-off, and evaporation; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c. 

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1904. 361 

pp. 25c.

Contains, in addition to an account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] 

branch of the United States Geological Survey, and the reports of the conference, the following 

papers of more or less general interest:

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Boss.

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien.

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs.

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. "Wisner.

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane-table, by J. B. Lippincott.

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas A. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream now by current 

meters. (See also No. 95.)

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy.

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived!rom 

different instruments and methods. (See also No. 94.)

103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by its 

title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessaryin accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot. 

* Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie.

Notes on the hydrology of Cuba, by M. L. Fuller.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes the 

manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region about 

Marion, Ind., and the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.
XX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence of underground waters, "by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential conditions of artesian 

flows, and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller, 

1905. 128pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Eio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y., gives results 

of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 1905. 

61 pp., 4 pis. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan.

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller.

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below (scope 

indicated by title) are of more or less general interest.

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. "W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by K. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means. %

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by "W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. "W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS. XXI

. 147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy. 206 pp., 18 pis. 

15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.

150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

N. Y., by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, irrigation, dams, underground water developments, and to indeterminate causes.

*160. Underground water papers. 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest: 

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fiuorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses nitration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 

pp., 2 pis. 20c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, * * * with a history 

of the sewage-disposal problem, by C.-E. A. Winslow and E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 163pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and recent tendencies 

in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification by intermittent sand nitration and in beds of coarse material; gives bibliography.
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage-purification processes, recovery of copperas from acidiron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

E. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis. 5c.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methodsofdisposal of waste liquors, 

laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of amounts 

and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c. 

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*196. Water supply of Nome region, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 1906, by J. C. Hoyt 

and F. F. Henshaw. 1907. 52 pp., 6 pis. 15c.

Gives results of measurements of flow of Alaskan streams, discusses available water supply 

for ditch and pipe lines and power development; presents notes for investors.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, revision of paper No. 150, by 

E. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*218. Water-supply investigations in Alaska, 1906-7 (Nome and Kougarok regions, 

Seward Peninsula; Fairbanks district, Yukon-Tanana region), by F. F. 

Henshaw and C. C. Covert. 1908. 156 pp., 12 pis. 25c.

Describes the drainage basins, gives results of observations at the gaging stations, and discusses 

the water supply of the ditches and pipe lines and possibilities of development; gives also meteorological records.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading 

to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

228. Water-supply investigations of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, 1907 and 1908 

(Fairbanks, Circle, and Rampart districts), by C. C. Covert and C. E. Ellsworth. 1909. 108 pp., 7 pis. 20c.

Describes the drainage basins; gives results of observations at gaging stations; discusses th > water supplies of the ditches and pipe lines and possibilities of hydraulic development.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M.fO. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by 

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS. XXHt

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool-scouring, bleaching, and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one-hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Rene" 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture 

and gives r&ume" of Federal and Stat& water-power legislation in the United States.

255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative 

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells 

and cisterns.

257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of under- 

' ground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and the 

machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of sinking 

wells.

*258. Underground water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest:

Drainage by wells, by M. I/. Fuller.

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. I/. Fuller.

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson.

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. I/. Fuller.

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation; gives 

results of analyses of waters of the Eio Grande and of Pecos, Gallinas, and Hondo rivers.

280. Gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey, 1888- 

1910, and Survey publications relating to water resources, compiled by 

B. D.Wood. 1912. 102pp. lOc.

314. Surface water supply of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by F. F. Henshaw and G. L. 

Parker, with a sketch of the geography and geology by P. S. Smith, and a 

description of methods of placer mining by A. H. Brooks. 1913. 317 pp., 

17 pis. 45c. 

Contains results of work at gaging stations.

315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 8 

pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of filtration and sterilization of water, and municipal water softening.
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

318. Water resources of Hawaii, 1909-1911, by W. F. Martin and C. H. Pierce. 1913. 

552 pp., 15 pis. 50c.

Describes the general features of the islands and gives results of measurements of streams and 

of observations of rainfall and evaporation; contains a gazetteer.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis. 

20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

336. Water resources of Hawaii, 1912, by C. H. Pierce and G. K. Larrison. 50c. 

Contains results of stream measurements on the islands in 1912.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 76 pp., 7 pis. 

15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

342. Surface water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, by C. E. Ellsworth 

and R, W. Davenport. 1915. 343 pp., 13 pis. 45c.

Presents results of 6 years' observations of the water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, 

discusses climate and precipitation, and gives station records.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 30c.

*(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. Scope indicated by title.

(f) The discharge of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, by E. A. Porter and R. W. Davenport, 

pp. 67-77, pis. iv-v. 5c. Describes briefly the location and size of the Yukon basin, the 

climatic conditions in the basin, and methods of collecting hydr^metric data; compares runoff with precipitation, and gives table showing the discharge of some of the large rivers in the 

United States as compared with the discharge of the Yukon and the Nile.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri, and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

373. Water resources of Hawaii, 1913, by G. K. Larrison. 1915. 190 pp. 20c.

Contains results of stream measurements on the islands in 1913.

375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer.

Contains three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch 

in December, 1914, as follows:.

(c) Relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. "W. Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for a changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(f) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining stream-flow records, by C. HPierce, pp. 131-139.

400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer, 

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.
SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS. XXV 

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin, pp. 125- 

173, pi. xxi. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. 

$2, Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 363-561, pis. cvii to cxlvi. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.)

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. Pt. Ill, Irrigation, pp. xi, 486, 77 plates. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. cxi to cxlvi. Discusses the economical aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives brief 

history of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho-California, Wyoming, and Arizona; 

discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of 

supply, pumping and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, pp. xx, 597, 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. iii and iv. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II, papers chiefly of a theoretic 

nature, pp. v, 958, 172 plates. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

vi to xvi. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous medium and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pi. 

xvii. Scope indicated by title.

Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1898-99, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1899. (Parts II, III, IV, V, and VII, 1900.) 7 parts 

in 8*vols. and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, vii, 

660 pp., 75 pis. $1.40. Contains:

*Hydrography of Nicaragua, by A. P. Davis, pp. 563-637., pis. Ixiv to Ixxv. Describes the 

topographic features of the boundary, the lake basin, and Rio San Juan; gives a brief r&ume' of 

the boundary dispute; discusses rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity, evaporation, 

resources, and productions, the ship-railway and canal projects; gives the history of the investigations by the Canal Commission, and results of measurements on the Rio Grande, on streams 

tributary to Lake Nicaragua, and on Rio San Juan and its tributaries.

Twenty-second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901. 

Charles D. Walcott, Director. 1901. (Parts III and IV, 1902.) 4 parts, 

Pt. IV, Hydrography, 690 pp., 65 pis. $2.20. Contains:

*Hydrography of the American Isthmus, by A. P. Davis, pp. 507-630, pis. xxxvii to 1. 

Describes the physiography, temperature, rainfall, and winds of Central America; discusses the 

hydrography of the Nicaragua Canal route and the Panama Canal route; gives estimated monthly 

discharge of many of the streams, and rainfall, and evaporation tables for various points.
XXVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET II.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on experi- 

, ments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 3 pis. 70c. 

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Cal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the debris." 

A highly technical report.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as 

available.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

1908. 44 pp., 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors of 

artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural water; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses, discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica in 

river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. Law« 

rence River as indicated by chemical analyses.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A= Annual Reports; M= Monograph; B= Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W= Water-Supply Paper;

G F= Geologic folio.]

Alabama: Surface waters................................... W 62-63, 107; G F 175

Underground waters.............................. W 57, 102, 114, 149; G F 175

Alaska: Surface waters.............................. W 196, 218, 228, 314, 342, 345/

Artesian waters: Essential conditions.................... A5; B 319; W 44, 67, 114

Bibliographies *.............................................. W119,120,163, 280

Chemical analyses:2 Methods and interpretation........ W 151, 236, 259, 274; B 479

Conservation....................................................... W 234, 400a

Cuba: Surface, underground, and quality of waters.......................... W 110

Denudation.............................................................. P 72

Engineering methods....................................................... P 86:

W 1, 3, 8, 20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 93, 94, 95, 110, 143,

146,150,180,187, 200, 257, 337, 345e, 371, 375c, e,f

Floods....................................................... W 96, 147,162, 334

Florida: Underground waters.............................. W 57, 102, 114, 149, 319

Quality of waters..................................................... W 319

Surface waters............................'............................ W 319

Georgia: Quality of waters................................................. W 110

Surface waters.................................. W 62-63, 197; P 37; G F 187

Underground waters................................................... W 341

Hawaiian Islands: Surface waters............................. W 77, 318, 336, 373

India: Irrigation.................................................... A 12; W 87

Ice measurements................................................. W146, 187,337

Irrigation, general............................... A 12 ii, 13iii, W 20, 22, 41, 42, 87

Legal aspects: Surface waters.................................... W 103, 152, 238

Underground waters................................................... W 122

Mineral springs: Analyses.................................. A 14 ii; B 32; W 364

Origin, distribution, etc.............................................. A 14 ii

Lists.......................................................... B 32; W 114

Mississippi: Surface waters................................................. W 107

Underground waters.................................. W 57, 102, 114, 149, 159

Motions of ground waters....................... A 19 ii; B 319; W 67, 110, 140, 155

Nicaragua: Surface waters......................................... A 20 iv, 22 iv

North Carolina: Surface waters........ A 10 i; P 37; W 62-63; G F 80, 90, 124, 187

Underground waters......................................... W 110, 114, 149

Panama: Surface waters................................................. A 22 iv

Pollution: By industrial wastes........................... W 179, 186, 189, 226, 235

By sewage....................................................... W 72, 194

Laws forbidding..........................:...........,............ W103,152

Indices of .............^............................................. W 160

1 Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

8 Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

XXVII
XXVHI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Profiles of rivers....................................................... W 44, 115

Puerto Rico: Surface waters and irrigation.................................. W 32

Paver profiles......................................................... W 44,115

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation......... j......... W 3,

22, 72, 103, 110, 113,114, 121, 145, 152, 160,179,

185,186, 189,194, 226, 229, 235, 236, 255, 258,315

Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3, 22, 72,113,185,194, 229

South Carolina: Surface waters.............................. W 62-63, 96; G F 147

Underground waters................................................... W 149

Underground waters: Legal aspects........................................ W 122

Methods of utilization........................................ W 114, 255, 257

Pollution................................................. W110,145,160, 258

Virginia: Stream pollution..................................... W 236, 258; B 138

Surface waters......................... A 10 i; B 138; P 37; W 62-63; G F 80

Underground waters................... W 114,149, 258; B 138, 264, 298; GF80

Windmill papers................................................. W1, 8, 20, 41,42
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Alabama River, Ala...............

Alcovy River, Ga.................

Amicalola River, Ga.............

Apalachee River, Ga..............

Appomattox River, Va...........

Back Creek, Va..................

Banister River, Va...............

Big Sandy Creek, Ala.............

Black Warrior River, Ala.........

Black Warrior River, Locust Fork, 

Ala.............................

Bogue Chitto, La..................

Broad River (of the Carolinas)....

Broad River (of Georgia)..........

Cahaba River, Ala.................

Camp Branch, Ala................

Canoochee River, Ga.............

Cape Fear River, N. C............

Cartecay River, Ga................

Catawba River, N. C., S. C.......

Chattahoochee River, Ga., Ala....

Chattooga River, Ga...............

Chauga River, S. C................

Chipola River, Fla................

Choccolocco Creek, Ala...........

Choctawhatchee River, Ala.......

Clear Creek, Ala..................

Conasauga River, Ga.............

Conecuh River, Ala...............

Coosa River, Ala., Ga............

Coosawattee River, Ga............

Cowpasture River, Va.............

Dan River, N. C., Va.............

Deep River, N. C.................

Double Bridges Creek, Ala.......

Ellijay River, .Ga.................

Etowah River, Ga.................

Flint River, Ga..................

Four Hole Creek, S. C...........

32499° WSP 402 16 6

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x-xi

IX

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XII 

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VIII 

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IX 

XI 

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IX

Green River, N. C................. ix

Haw River, N. C.................. ix

Hillabee Creek, Ala............... xn

Ichawaynochaway Creek, Ga...... xi

Jackson River, Va................ vin

James River, Va................. vin

John River, N. C................. ix

Kinchafoonee Creek, Ga.......... xi

Linville River, N. C............. ix

Little Tallapoosa River, Ala...... xii

Locust Fork, Black Warrior River, 

Ala--........................... xn

Miami canal, Fla................. x

Middle Oconee River, Ga......... x

Mill Creek, N. C................. ix

Muckalee Creek, Ga............... xi

Neuse River, N. C................ ix

North New River canal, Fla...... x

North River, Va.................. vin

x 

x 

x 

x 

x

XI 

XI

Pearl River, Miss................ xn

Peedee River, S. C............... ix

Roanoke River, Va., N. C......... vin

Rockfish Creek, N. C.............. ix

Saluda River, S. C................ ix

Savannah River, S. C., Ga........ ix

Second Broad River, N. C........ ix

Seneca River, S. C............... x

Silver Spring, Fla................. x

Sipsey Fork, Ala.................. xn

South New River canal, Fla...... x

South River, Ga.................. x

Soque River, Ga.................. xi

Stekoa Creek, Ga................. ix

XXIX

Ocmulgee River, Ga.......

Oconee River, Ga.........

Oconee River, Middle, Ga. 

Ogeechee River, Ga.......

Ohoopee River, Ga........

Oostanaula River, Ga. 

Pea River, Ala.
XXX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART II.

Page. 

Suwannee River, Fla............. x

Sweetwater Creek, Ga............. xi

Talladega Creek, Ala.............. xi

Tallapoosa River, Ala............ xi-xn

Tallapoosa River, Little, Ala...... xn

Tallulah River, Ga................ ix-x

Tar River, N. C.................. ix

Tinker Creek, Va.................. vm

' Tobler Creek, Ga................ xi

Page.

Tombigbee River, Miss., Ala...... xn

Towaliga River, Ga................ x

Tugaloo River, Ga., S. C.......... ix

Venison Branch, Ala............. xn

Village Creek, Ala................ xn

Wateree River, S. C............... ix

Williamsons Swamp Creek, Ga.... x

Yadkin River, N. C-............. ix

Yellow River, Ga................ x

o