Selected Bibliography 

on Evaporation and 

Transpiration

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1539-R

Selected Bibliography 

on Evaporation and 

Transpiration

By T. W. ROBINSON and A. I. JOHNSON

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1S39-R

Selected references emphasizing papers 

from the United States from the early 

1800's into 1958

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1961
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Thomas B. Nolan, Director

REPRINTED

1965

For sale by tfce Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C 20402
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON EVAPORATION AND 

TRANSPIRATION

By T. W. ROBINSON and A. I. JOHNSON

INTRODUCTION

Evaporation to the hydrologist is the process by which water 

moves as vapor from water or soil surfaces into the atmosphere, and 

transpiration is the process by which water is discharged into the 

atmosphere by plants. Both processes are an essential part of the 

hydrologic cycle that endless movement of water from the atmosphere to the land and water surfaces and, eventually, back to the 

atmosphere again.

The processes are similar and, with one exception, subject to the 

same controls. In the process of transpiration, plant life forms a 

connecting link and hence a control between the water and vapor 

phases that is not present in the process of evaporation. The overall effect of the vegetative control is known; although research in 

recent years has provided a better understanding of how it operates, 

much is still to be learned. The present state of knowledge of this 

process is not found in any single publication, but is scattered through 

a host of papers. This is true also of the less complex process of 

evaporation.

More data on these two processes are constantly being sought by 

hydrologists. An essential part of such investigations is a study of 

what has been accomplished in other investigations. The present 

compilation of references was prepared by the writers originally for 

their use in attacking hydrologic problems within their specialized 

fields of study.

The selection of references has emphasized papers from the United 

States, although it includes a few from foreign countries. The references cover the years from the early 1880's through 1957 and a part 

of 1958, but most attention has been given to the more recent articles.

R-l
B-2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

The bibliography is by no means complete, for the literature on the 

subject is so extensive that an inordinate amount of time would be 

required to cover it all. It will, however, provide source material 

on any phase of the subject.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The assistance of Mrs. L. M. Lingle, Mrs. V. L. Bechtold, and 

Mrs. G. R. Woodring in library checking for correctness of all references is acknowledged.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbe, Cleveland, 1905, A first report of the relations between climate and crops:

U.S. Weather Bur. Bull. 36. 

Adams, Frank, Ewing, P. A., and Huberty, M. B., 1947, Hydrologic aspects of

burning brush and woodland-grass ranges in California: California Pi*'

Forestry, 84 p.

Adams, Frank, Veihmeyer, F. J., and Brown, L. N., 1942, Cotton irrigation investigations in San Joaquin Valley, California, 1926-1935: California Agr.

Expt. Sta. Bull 668. 

Adams, T. C., 1934, Evaporation from Great Salt Lake: Am. Meteorol. Soc.

Bull. 14, p. 35-39, February. 

Albertson, M. L., 1948, Analysis of evaporation as a boundary-layer phenomenon:

Iowa Univ. Ph. D. dissertation.

 1954, La mecanique de 1'evaporation: Univ. Grenoble [France], 74 p.,

June. 

Aldrich, W. W., Work, B. A., and Lewis, M. R., 1935, Pear root concentration in

relation to soil moisture extraction in heavy clay soil: Jour. Agr. Research,

v. 50, no. 12, p. 975-988. 

Alway, F. J., and McDole, G. R., 1917, Relation of movement of water in a

soil to its hygroscopicity and initial moistness: Jour. Agr. Research, v. 10,

no. 2, p. 391-428.

American Society of Civil Engineers, 1930, Consumptive use of water in irrigation Progress report of the Duty of Water Committee of the Irrigation

Division: Trans., v. 94, p. 1349-1399.

 1934a, Evaporation from water surfaces A symposium: Trans., v. 99, 

p. 671-747.

 1934b, Standard equipment for evaporation stations Final report of 

Subcommittee on evaporation, Special Committee on irrigation hydraulics: 

Trans., v. 99, p. 716-718.

1949, Evaporation and transpiration, in Hydrology: Manual of Eng.

Practice, no. 28, chap. 4, pp. 119-140.

Anderson, E. R., 1954, Energy-budget studies, in Water-loss investigations: 

Lake Hefner studies, technical report: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 269, 

p. 71-119.

Anderson, E. B., Anderson, L. J., and Marciano, J. J., 1950, A review of evaporation theory and development of instrumentation: [San Diego, Calif.] U.S. 

Navy Electronics Lab. Bept. 159,69 p.

Anderson, H. W., 1946, The effect of freezing on soil moisture and on evaporation from a bare soil: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 27, no. 6, p. 863-870.
BIBLIOGRAPHY R-3

Anderson, W. A., 1938, Studies in evaporation; Pt. 1, Evaporation from an

eastward facing slope: Iowa Univ. Studies Nat. History, v. 17, p. 363-370. 

Angstrom, Anders, 1920, Application of heat radiation measurements to the

problem of the evaporation from lakes and the heat convection at their

surface: Geografiska Annaler, v. 2, p. 237-252. 

Babinet, Jacques, 1848, Note sur un atmidoscope: Acad. sci. [Paris] Comptes

rendus, v. 26, p. 529-530. 

Bailey, L. F., 1940, Some water relations of three western grasses; Pt. 1, The

transpiration ratio: Am. Jour. Botany, v. 27, no. 2, p. 122-128. 

Baker, F. S., 1917, Some field experiments ofl evaporation from snow surfaces:

U.S. Weather Bur. Monthly Weather Rev., p. 363-366. 

Balcom, R. B., 1949, What price weeds?: Reclamation Era, v. 35, p. 171-172,176.

 1950, Weeds Water robbers: Jour. Soil Water Conserv., v. 5, p. 165-168. 

Bark, D. H., 1916, Experiments on the economical use or irrigation water in

Idaho: U.S. Dept. Agriculture Bull. 339.

Barrett, W. C., and Milligan, C. H., 1953, Consumptive water use and requirements in the Colorado River area of Utah: Utah State Agr\ Coll. Expt.

Sta. Spec. Rept. 8,28 p. 

Bates, C. G., 1923, Physiological requirements of Rocky Mountain trees: Jour.

Agr. Research, p. 97-164. 

Bates, C. G., and Henry, A. J., 1928, Forest and stream-flow experiment at

Wagon Wheel Gap, Colorado: U.S. Weather Bur. Monthly Weather Rev.

Supp. 30. 

Baver, L. D., 1956, Soil physics: 3d ed., New York, John Wiley & Sons, p. 275-

283, 446.

Beckett, S. H., Blaney, H. F., and Taylor, C. A., 1930, Irrigation water requirement studies of citrus and avocado trees in San Diego County, California,

1926 and 1927: California Agr. Expt Sta. Bull. 489. 

Beckett, S. H., and Dunshee, C. F., 1932, water requirements of cotton on sandy

loam soils in southern San Joaquiu Valley: California Agr. Expt. Sta.

Bull. 537. 

Bellaire, F. R., and Anderson, L. J., 1951, A thermocouple psychrometer for

field measurements: Am. Meteorol. Soc. Bull., v. 32, no. 6, p. 217-220. 

Bellani, Angelo, 1820, Descrizione di un nuove atmidometro: Gior. Fis. China.,

v. 3, no. 2, p. 166-177; (repr., Pavia, Italy, 1820). 

Benton, G. S., and Dominitz, Jack, 1954, The use of atmospheric data in the

evaluation of evapotranspiration: Johns Hopkins Univ. Dept. Civil Eng.

Sci. Rept. 3, 39 p.

 1956, Measuring evapotranspiration from atmospheric data: Am. Soc.

Civil Engineers Proc., v. 82, no. 1035,26 p. 

Benton, G. S., and Estoque, M. A., 1954, Water vapor transfer over the North

American Continent: Jour. Meteorology, v. 11, p. 462-477. 

Bentou, G. S., Estoque, M. A., and Dominitz, Jack, 1953, An evaluation of the

water vapor balance of the North American Continent: Johns Hopkins Univ.

Dept. Civil Eng. Sci. Rept 1,101 p. 

Bernstein, Leon, 1955, The needs and uses of water by plants, in Water The

yearbook of agriculture: U.S. Dept. Agriculture, p. 18-25. 

Best, A. C., 1935, Transfer of heat and momentum in the lowest layers of the

atmosphere: London, Meteorol. Office, Geophys. Memo., no. 65. 

Bigelow, F. H., 1907, 1908, 1910, Studies on the phenomena of the evaporation

of water over lakes and reservoirs: U.S. Weather Bur. Monthly Weather

Rev., v. 35, p. 311-316; v. 36, p. 24-59, 437-445; v. 38, p. 307-313.
R-4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

Blaney, Harry F., 1934, Rainfall penetration, chap. 4, in Ventura County 

investigation: California Dept. Public Works Bull. 46.

 1939, Field methods of determining consumptive use of water, in Economic and engineering phases of flood control water and soil conservation 

and protection of watersheds in southern California: Santa Maria, Calif., 

Santa Maria Valley Water Conserv. Dist, p. 131-140, August.

 1943, Irrigation notes, in Progress report of activities of the emergency 

rubber project: Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. Forest Service, p. 1-15.

 1944, Evapotranspiration: Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. Soil Conserv. Service, 

8 p., February.

 1945, Preliminary estimates of consumptive use and irrigation requirements for alfalfa, Antelope Valley, California: Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. 

Soil Conserv. Service, 3 p.

 1951a, Irrigation requirements of crops: Agr. Eng., v. 32, no. 12, p. 

66S-668.

 - 1951b, Use of water by irrigated crops in California: Am. Water Works 

Assoc. Jour., v. 43, p. 189-200.

 1952a, Definition, methods, and research data, in Consumptive use of 

water, a symposium: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Trans., v. 117, p. 949-973.

 1952b, Determining evapotranspiration by phreatophytes from climatological data: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 33, no. 1, p. 61-66.

 1953a, Consumptive water requirements in the Colorado River Basin: 

Las Vegas, Colorado Water Users Assoc., 11 p.

 1953b, Determining consumptive use of ground water by native vegetation from climatological data: Reno, Nev., Assoc. Western State Engineers, 

10 p., August.

 1954a, Consumptive use for water: Agr. Eng., v. 35, no. 12, p. 870-SOO.

 1954b, Consumptive use of ground water by phreatophytes and hydrophytes: Internat. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology, Gen. Assembly, Rome 1954, v. 

2 (Pub. 37), p. 53-62.

 1954c, Evapotranspiration measurements in Western United States: 

Internat. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology, Gen. Assembly, Rome 1954, v. 3 (Pub. 38), 

p. 150-160.

 1955a, Climate as an index of irrigation needs, in Water The yearbook 

of agriculture: U.S. Dept. Agriculture, p. 341-345.

 1955b, Evaporation from and stabilization of Salton Sea water surface: 

Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 36, no. 4, p. 633-640.

 1956, Evaporation from free water surfaces at high altitudes: Am. Soc.

Civil Engineers Proc., Paper 1104, v. 82,15 p.

 1957, Evaporation study at Silver Lake in the Mojave Desert, California: 

Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 38, no. 2, p. 209-215.

Blaney, H. F., and Gorey, G. L., 1955, Evaporation from water surfaces in 

California: California Div. Water Resources Bull. 54-B.

Blaney, H. F., and Criddle, W. D., 1945, A method of estimating water requirements in irrigated areas from climatological data: Washington, U.S. Soil 

Conserv. Service, 23 p.

 1949a, Consumptive use and irrigation water requirements of crops in 

Colorado: Washington, U.S. Soil Conserv. Service, 55 p., August.

 1949b, Consumptive use of water in irrigated areas of the Upper Colorado River Basin: Washington, U.S. Soil Conserv. Service, 49 p., April.

 1950, Determining water requirements in irrigated areas from climatological and irrigation data: U.S. Soil Conserv. Service Tech. Paper 96, 48 p.
BIBLIOGRAPHY R-5

Blaney, H. F., and Ewing, P. A., 1946, Irrigation practices and consumptive use 

of water in Salinas Valley, California: Washington, U.S. Soil Conserv. 

Service, 80 p., June.

Blaney, H. F., Ewing, P. A., Morin, K. V., and Griddle, W. D., 1942, Consumptive 

water use and requirements, Pecos River, New Mexico and Texas, in [U.S.] 

Natl. Resources Planning Board, Pecos River Joint Investigation Reports 

of the participating agencies: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, pt. 

3, sec. 3, p. 170-230, June.

Blaney, H. F., Hanson, E. G., and Litz, G. M., 1950, Consumptive use and irrigation water requirements of crops in New Mexico: Washington, U.S. Soil 

Conserv. Service provisional, 34 p., December.

Blaney, H. F., and Morin, K. V., 1942, Evaporation and consumptive use of 

water empirical formulas: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 23, pt. 1, p. 76-83.

Blaney, H. F., and Muckel, D. C., 1945, Preliminary progress report on consumptive use of water investigations in San Pasqual Valley, California: 

Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. Soil Conserv. Service, p. 1-11.

 1955, Evaporation and evapotranspiration investigations in the San Francisco Bay area: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 36, no. 5, p. 813-820. 

Blaney, H. F., and Stockwell, H. J., 1941, Progress report on research studies

in water utilization, San Fernando Valley, California: Washington, U.S.

Soil Conserv. Service, 56 p. 

Blaney, H. F., Taylor, C. A., and Young, A. A., 1930, Rainfall penetration and

consumptive use of water in Santa Ana River Valley and Coastal Plain:

California Div. Water Resources Bull. 33. 

Blaney, H. F., Taylor, C. A., Young, A. A., and Nickle, H. G., 1933, Water

losses under natural conditions; Pt. 2, California Div. Water Resources

Bull. 44, 139 p. 

Blaney, H. F., and Troxell, H. C., 1933, South coastal basin investigation 

Water losses under natural conditions from wet areas in southern California:

California Div. Water Resources Bull. 44, 139 p.

Blaney, H. F., and Young, A. A., 1935, Evaporation studies in southern California : Am. Soc. Civil Engineers, p. 11-19, December. 

Bloodgood, D. W., Patterson, R. E., and Smith, R. L., 1954, Water evaporation

studies in Texas: Texas Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 787, 84 p. 

Bowen, I. S., 1926, The ratio of heat losses by conduction and by evaporation

from any water surface: Phys. Rev. v. 27, p. 779-787. 

Bowser, C. C., 1952, Water conservation through elimination of undesirable

phreatophyte growth: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 33, p. 72-74. 

Brawand, Hans, and Kohnke, Helmut, 1952, Microclimate and water vapor

exchange at the soil surface: Soil Sci. Soc. America Proc., v. 16, p. 195-198. 

Breazeale, E. L., McGeorge, W. T., and Breazeale, J. F., 1951, Movement of

water vapor in soils: Soil SCi., v. 71, no. 3, p. 181-185. 

Breazeale, J. F., and Crider, F. J., 1934, Plant association and survival and

the build-up of moisture in semi-arid soils: Arizona Uuiv. Agr. Expt

Sta. Tech. Bull. 53. 

Briggs, L. J., and Shantz, H. L., 1913a, The water requirement of plants;

Pt. 1, Investigations in the Great Plains in 1910 and 1911: U.S. Dept.

Agriculture Bull. 284.

 1913b, The water requirement of plants; Pt. 2, A review of the literature: 

U.S. Dept Agriculture Bull. 285.

 1914, Relative water requirement of plants: Jour. Agr. Research, v. 

3, p. 1-64.
R-6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

Briggs, L. J., and Shantz, H. L., 1961a, Hourly transpiration rate on clear days 

as determined by cyclic environmental factors: Jour. Agr. Research, v. 5, 

no. 14, p. 583-650.

 1916b, Daily transpiration during tJLe normal growth period and its

correlation with the weather: Jour. Agr. Research, v. 7, no. 4, p. 155-212. 

Brooks, F. A., and Rhodes, D. G., 1954, Daytime partition of radiation and

the evaporation chilling of the ground: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v.

35, p. 145-152. 

Brown, P. L., Hallstead, A. L., 1952, Comparison of evaporation data from

standard Weather Bureau and Plant Industry type evaporation pans: Am.

Soc. Agronomy Jour., v. 44, p. 100-101. 

Browning, G. M., and others, 1948, Investigations in erosion control and the

reclamation of eroded land at the Missouri Valley Loess conservation

Experiment Station, Clarinda, Iowa, 1931-42: U.S. Dept Agriculture Tech.

Bull. 959. 

Bunger, M. T., and Thomson, H. J., 1938, Root development as a factor in the

success or failure of windbreak trees in the southern high plains: Jour.

Forestry, v. 36, p. 790-803. 

Burleson, C. A., Bloodworth, M. B., Morris, J. S., Leeper, P. W., Cowley, W. R.,

1950, The yield and quality of cabbage as affected by different levels of

fertility and irrigation: Texas Agr. Expt. Sta. Prog. Rept. 289. 

Burr, W. W., 1914, The storage and use of water: Nebraska Agr. Expt. Sta.

Research Bull. 5. 

Calder, K. L., 1949a, The criterion of turbulence in a fluid of a variable density,

with particular reference to conditions in the atmosphere: Royal Meteorol.

Soc. Quart. Jour., v. 75, no. 223, p. 71-88, January.

 1949b, Eddy diffusion and evaporation in flow over aerodynamically 

smooth and rough surfaces: Quart. Jour. Mechanics and Appl. Mathematics, 

v. 2, pt 2,153-176, June.

California Department Public Works, 1945, Irrigation requirements of California 

crops: Div. Water Resources Bull. 51, November.

Cantoni, Giovanni, 1879, Meteorologia-Sulle condizioni di forma e di esposizione 

piu opportune per gli evaporimetri: R. 1st. Lombardia Rend., v. 12, ser. 2, p. 

941-946.

Cermak, J. E., and Koloseus, H. J., 1953, Lake Hefner model studies of wind structure and evaporation Final report, pt. 1: Colorado Agr. Mech. Coll. Dept. 

Civil Eng., 152 p.

Church, J. E., 1934, Evaporation at high altitudes and latitudes: Am. Geophys. 

Union Trans., pt. 2, p. 326-351.

 1941, Meteorological studies: Michigan Univ. Rept. Greenland Exped., pt

2, Sci. Ser., v. 6, p. 3-56. 

Clark, O. R., 1940, Interception of rainfall by prairie grasses, weeds, and certain

crop plants: Ecol. Mon., p. 243-277, April. 

Conrad, J. P., and Veihmeyer, F. J., 1929, Root development and soil moisture:

Hilgardia, v. 4, p. 113-134. 

Cox, G. N., 1938, Evaporation studies at Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Am. Geophys.

Union Trans., p. 497-500.

 1940, A summary of hydrologic data, Bayou Duplantier watershed, 1933-

1939; Louisiana State Univ. Bull., v. 32, no. 7,37 p. 

Craddock, G. W., 1954, Water yield from snow as affected by consumptive water

losses: Western Snow Conf., 22d, Salt Lake City [Utah] 1954, Proc., no. 22,

p. 70-73.
BIBLIOGRAPHY R-7

Griddle, W. D., 1952, Irrigated crops, in Consumptive use of water, a symposium: 

Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Trans., v. 117, p. 991-1003.

 1953, Consumptive use of water and irrigation requirements: Jour. Soil

Water Conserv., v. 8, p. 207-212. 

Griddle, W. D., and Marr, J. C., 1945, Consumptive use of water studies in

Idaho: U.S. Soil Conserv. Service Div. Irrig., 46 p. 

Griddle, W. D., and Peterson, D. F., 1949, Colorado River area investigations in

Utah A progress report on consumptive water use and requirements: Utah

State Engineer, 72 p., January. 

Croft, A. R., 1944a, Snow melting and evaporation: Science, v. 100, p. 169-170,

August.

 1944 b, Evaporation from snow: Am. Meteorol. Soc. Bull., v. 25, p. 334-337.

 1948, Water loss by stream surface evaporation and transpiration by 

riparian vegetation: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 29, no. 2, p. 235-239.

 1950, A water cost of runoff control: Jour. Soil Water Conserv., v. 5, no. 1, 

p. 13-15.

 1954, Report of the committee on evaporation and transpiration, 1952-53:

Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 35, p. 164-167. 

Croft, A. R., and Monninger, L. V., 1953, Evaporation and other water losses on

some aspen forest types in relation to water avaiable for streamflow: Am.

Geophys. Union Trans., v. 34, no. 4, p. 563-574. 

Cummings, N. W., 1935, The use of the Burt phototube in an integrating pyrheliometer: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., pt. 2, p. 515-519.

 1936, Evaporation from water-surfaces Status of present knowledge and 

need for further investigations: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., pt. 2, p. 507-512.

 1940, The evaporation energy equations and their practical application: 

Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 21, pt. 2, p. 512-522.

 1946, The reliability and usefulness of the energy equations for evaporation : Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 27, p. 81-94.

 1950, Minimum evaporation from water surfaces: Am. Geophys. Union

Trans., v. 31, p. 757-762. 

Cummings, N. W., and Richardson, Burt, 1927, Evaporation from lakes: Phys.

Rev., v. 30, p. 527-534. 

Davies, D. R., 1947, Turbulence and diffusion in the lower atmosphere with

particular reference to the lateral effect: Royal Soc. London Proc., Ser. A.,

v. 190, no. A1021, p. 232, July. 

Day, R. L., 1944, Evaporation at Portland, Maine: Am. Meteorol. Soc. Bull.,

v. 25, p. 254-255. 

Deacon, E. L., 1949, Vertical diffusion in the lowest layers of the atmosphere:

Royal Meteorol. Soc. Quart. Jour., v. 74, no. 323, p. 89-108, January. 

Debler, E. B., 1937, Valley consumptive use: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., pt.

2, p. 532-536. 

Diamond, Marvin, 1953, Evaporation or melt of snow cover: U.S. Corps Engineers

Snow, Ice, Permafrost Research Establishment Research Paper 6, 6 p. 

Dightman, R. A., 1953, Comparison of the evaporation rate from Weather

Bureau class A and U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Industry evaporation pans: Montana Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 13, p. 49-51. 

Dillman, A. C., 1931, The water requirement of certain crop plants and weeds

in the Northern Great Plains: Jour. Agr. Research, p. 187-238. 

Dixon, H. H., 1914, Transpiration and the ascent of sap in plants: London,

Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 216 p.
R-8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

Dolezel, E. J., 1944, Saturation and cooling of air layers by evaporation from

falling rain: Jour. Meteorology, v. 1, p. 89-97. 

Donnan, W. W., 1946, Burner rig curbs ditch weeds: Western Construction

News, v. 21, p. 92-93. 

Dravid, R. K., 1940, Studies on soil temperatures in relation to other factors

controlling the disposal of solar radiation: Indian Jour. Agr. Sci., v. 10,

p. 352-387. 

Dunford, E. G., and Fletcher, P. W., 1947, Effect of removal of stream-bank

vegetation upon water yield: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 28, no. 1,

p. 110-115.

Duryea, Edwin, and Haehl, H. L., 1916, A study of the depth of annual evaporation from Lake Conchas, Mexico: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Trans., v. 80,

p. 1829-2060. 

Erickson, J. R., 1943, Consumptive use of irrigation water in lower Uncompahgre

Valley: Denver, Colorado Water Conserv. Board, 50 p. 

Erie, L. J., 1952, Consumptive use and irrigation water requirements of crops

in South Dakota: Washington, U.S. Soil Conserv. Service provisional, 34

p., March. 

Etcheverry, B. A., and Harding, S. T., 1933, Irrigation practice and engineering:

2d ed., New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., v. 1, p. 12-23.

Ewing, P. A., 1946, Irrigation and drainage in the San Joaquin Valley, California : Washington, U.S. Soil Conserv. Service, June. 

Feustel, I. C., and Byres, H. G., 1936, The comparative moisture-absorbing and

moisture-retaining capacities of peat and soil mixtures: U.S. Dept. Agriculture Tech. Bull. 532. 

Fisher, C. A., 1923, Some factors affecting the evaporation of water from soil:

Jour. Agr. Sci., v. 13, p. 121-143. 

Fitzgerald, Desmond, 1886, Evaporation: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Trans., v. 15,

p. 581-646. 

Fleming, R. H., 1952, Evaporation from the sea as a source of moisture for

rainfall in the United States, in The physical basis of water supply and its

principal uses, v. 2 of The physical and economic foundations of natural

resources: U.S. Cong. House Comm. Interior and Insular Affairs, p. 4-10. 

Fletcher, H. C., and Elmendorf, H. B., 1955, Phreatophytes, a serious problem

in the west, in Water The yearbook of agriculture: U.S. Dept. Agriculture,

p. 423-429. 

Follansbee, Robert, 1934, Evaporation from reservoir surfaces: Am. Soc. Civil

Engineers Trans., no. 99, p. 704-715, 738-746. 

Folse, J. A., 1929, A new method of estimating stream-flow based upon a new

evaporation formula: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 400. 

Fortier, Samuel, 1907a, Evaporation losses in irrigation: Eng. News, v. 58,

p. 304-307. 

 1907b, Evaporation losses in irrigation and water requirements of crops:

U.S. Dept. Agriculture Bull. 177. 

Fortier, Samuel, and Becket, S. H., 1912, Evaporation from irrigated soils:

U.S. Dept. Agriculture Expt. Sta. Bull. 248. 

Foster, E. E., 1948, Evaporation, in Rainfall and runoff: New York, Macmillan

Co., p. 260-292. 

Franseau, E. N., 1911, Apparatus for the study of comparative transpiration:

Bot. Gaz., v. 52, p. 54-60. 

Freeland, R. O., 1937, Effect of transpiration upon the absorption of mineral

salts: Am. Jour. Botany, v. 24, p. 373-374.
BIBLIOGRAPHY R-9

Freeman, J. R., 1926, Regulation of elevation and discharge of the Great Lakes: 

Providence, R.I., Ackerman Standard, Sanitary Dist. Chicago Rept, 548 p.

Fuhriman, D. K., and Smith, R. M., 1951, Conservation and consumptive use of 

water with sugar cane under irrigation in the south coastal area of Puerto 

Rico: Puerto Rico Univ., Jour. Agriculture, v. 35, no. 1, 47 p.

Fukuda, H., 1950, The application of the profit-water curve to irrigation projects : Agr. Eng., v. 31, p. 350-352.

Furr, J. R., and Reeve, J. O., 1945, Range of soil-moisture percentages through 

which plants undergo permanent wilting in some soils from semi-arid 

irrigated areas: Jour. Agr. Research, v. 71, no. 4, p. 149-170.

Gaiser, R. N., 1952, Readily available water in forest soils: Soil Sci. Soc. 

America Proc., v. 16, p. 334-338.

Gatewood, J. S., Robinson, T. W., Colby, B. R., Hem, J. D., and Halpenny, L. C., 

1950, Use of water by bottom-land vegetation in Lower Safford Valley, 

Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1103,210 p.

Gilbert, M. J., and Van Bavel, C. H. M., 1954, A simple field installation for 

measuring maximum evapotranspiration: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 

35, no. 1, p. 937-942.

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R-16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

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BIBLIOGRAPHY R-17

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R-18 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

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BIBLIOGRAPHY R-19

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R-20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

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BIBLIOGRAPHY R-21

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R-22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

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R-24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES

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A U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1965 O - 764-300