iii

Foreword

The purpose of this report is to provide a

compilation of statistical information covering recent

trends in the development of historically black

colleges and universities. The data for Historically

Black Colleges and Universities: 1976 to 1994 draws

on the results of the ‘‘Higher Education General

Information Survey’’ and ‘‘Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System’’ programs carried out by the

National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). The

publication contains information on a variety of

education statistics, including enrollment, degrees

conferred, staff, faculty salaries, revenues, and

expenditures. Supplemental information on all public

and private colleges provides background for

evaluating conditions in historically black colleges

and universities.

This publication may be viewed as an update of

our previous reports on historically black institutions

and traditionally black institutions. However, the

scope of institutions included in the historically black

colleges and universities designation is slightly different than the list used for the traditionally black institutions reports.

Past NCES reports on black colleges proved to be

of interest and value to education researchers and

administrators, government officials, the media, the

business community, and the general public.

We welcome comments and suggestions to

improve future editions.

Jeanne E. Griffith,

Associate Commissioner

National Center for Education Statistics

July 1996

v

Acknowledgments

Many people have contributed in one way or

another to the development of Historically Black Colleges and Universities: 1976 to 1994. Foremost

among these contributors is Charlene Hoffman, who

served as project manager and designed the

tabulations used in the report. Thomas D. Snyder,

Program Director of Annual Reports, was responsible

for the analytical text and conceptual design of the

report. Celestine Davis prepared materials dealing

with enrollment and provided statistical support of all

phases of the production. Bill Sonnenberg was responsible for the historical background on the

institutions and also prepared materials dealing with

staff data. Claire Geddes and Debra Gerald reviewed

the entire manuscript. The report was prepared

under the general direction of Jeanne E. Griffith, Associate Commissioner for the National Center for

Education Statistics (NCES).

Several individuals outside the Center also

expended large amounts of time and effort on

Historically Black Colleges and Universities: 1976 to

1994. Robert Craig of Pinkerton Computer

Consultants, Inc., provided computer support. In the

Office of Educational Research and Improvement

Phil Carr designed the cover. Jerry Fairbanks of the

U.S. Government Printing Office managed the typesetting.

Historically Black Colleges and Universities: 1976

to 1994 has received extensive reviews by

individuals within and outside the Department of

Education. We wish to thank them for their time and

expert advice. In the Office of Educational Research

and Improvement (OERI), Patricia Q. Brown, Mary

Frase, Dr. Vance Grant, and Celeste A. Loar reviewed the entire manuscript. Marion Hooker (White

House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and

Universities), Susan Hill (National Science Foundation), and Hugh Fordyce (United Negro College

Fund) also reviewed the entire document. The technical review was done by Mike Cohen of the National

Center for Education Statistics. Agency reviews were

conducted by the Office of the Under Secretary,

Budget Service, U.S. Department of Education.

vii

Executive Summary

Historically black colleges and universities

(HBCUs) are institutions established prior to 1964,

whose principal mission was, and is, the education of

black Americans. This statistical overview covers the

development of HBCUs over the past 19 years.

How many students attend HBCUs?

In 1994, about 280,000 students attended the 103

HBCUs. Overall, enrollment at HBCUs rose by 26

percent between 1976 and 1994, but virtually all of

the increase occurred between 1986 and 1994. The

1976 to 1994 increase at HBCUs is slightly smaller

than the 30 percent increase that occurred at all

higher education institutions. Compared to other

higher education students, a larger proportion of the

students at HBCUs enroll in 4-year and in private institutions.

Has the proportion of black students

enrolling at HBCUs changed?

The increase in black enrollment (21 percent) at

HBCUs, between 1976 and 1994, lagged behind the

40 percent rise in black enrollment at other colleges.

As a result of the long-term growth in black enrollment at non-HBCU institutions, the proportion of

black students enrolling at HBCUs dipped from 18.4

percent in 1976 to 15.9 percent in 1994. At the same

time, more students from other racial/ethnic groups

attended HBCUs.

What proportion of blacks earn their degrees

from HBCUs?

Although relatively few associate degrees are conferred by HBCUs, about 28 percent of black bachelor’s degree recipients received their degrees from

HBCUs in 1993–94. This compares with 15 percent

of black master’s degree recipients, 9 percent of

black doctor’s degree recipients, and 16 percent of

black first-professional degree recipients.

What changes have there been in the number

of degrees awarded by HBCUs?

The number of bachelor’s degrees conferred by

HBCUs increased by 16 percent between 1976–77

and 1993–94 and 27 percent at other colleges. The

proportion of all bachelor’s degrees conferred by

HBCUs dropped from 2.6 percent to 2.3 percent between 1976–77 and 1993–94.

The number of master’s degrees conferred by

HBCUs declined by 23 percent from 1976–77 to

1993–94. The number of degrees fell more rapidly

(31 percent) for men than for women (11 percent).

The number of doctor’s degrees conferred by

HBCUs increased by 223 percent between 1976–77

and 1993–94. About 46 percent of all doctor’s degrees awarded by HBCUs were in the field of education compared to an average of 16 percent at all

institutions of higher education.

How many people work at HBCUs?

In 1993, about 52,200 persons were employed by

HBCUs and about 34 percent of them were faculty,

almost the same proportion as at all colleges and

universities. HBCUs differed from other colleges in

employing a lower proportion of instructional and research assistants and a higher proportion of service

and maintenance personnel.

Do faculty salaries at HBCUs differ from

those at other institutions?

Increases in faculty salaries at HBCUs generally

kept pace with those at other colleges, though salaries at HBCUs remained somewhat lower. In 1994–

95, female faculty at HBCUs earned 86 percent of

the average for all female faculty compared to male

HBCU faculty who earned 79 percent of the average

for all male faculty. Within HBCUs, men’s salaries

averaged 12 percent higher than women’s salaries,

compared to a 24 percent difference for all institutions.

Are financial resources for HBCUs lower than

those available at other institutions?

Expenditures at public HBCUs are lower than

those at other public institutions. In 1993–94, educational and general expenditure per student at

HBCUs was $9,782, or about 88 percent of the average for all public colleges and universities.

In 1976–77, private HBCUs spent 5 percent more

per student than all private colleges and universities.

By 1993–94 the gap had reversed because of the

relatively slow rate of growth in private HBCU expenditures, and private HBCUs spent about 14 percent less per student than all private colleges and

universities.
viii Executive Summary

What is the overall condition of HBCUs?

After a decade of stable enrollments prior to 1986,

enrollments at HBCUs rose rapidly between 1988

and 1992. There was little change in enrollments at

HBCUs between 1992 and 1994. The proportion of

black students choosing to attend HBCUs in 1994

was slightly lower than in 1988. Degrees conferred

by HBCUs have been rising at all levels, mainly because of the rising enrollment levels during the late

1980s.

The financial and faculty salary picture at the

HBCUs generally looks less robust than at other institutions, especially at private HBCUs. Some private

HBCUs show difficulty in maintaining enrollments,

funding, and staff resources comparable to other private institutions.
ix

Contents

Page

Foreword ................................................................................................................................... iii

Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... v

Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. vii

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1

Appendix

Guide to Sources .............................................................................................................. 101

Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 105

Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 109

Figures

1. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by sex of student and by control of institution: 1976 to 1994 .................................... 5

2. Distribution of fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity: 1976 to 1994 .................................................................................. 6

3. Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by level of degree: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ................................................................... 7

4. Degrees awarded to blacks at historically black colleges and universities

as a proportion of all degrees awarded to blacks: 1976–77 to 1993–94 .................. 8

5. Distribution of degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by level of degree and race/ethnicity: 1993–94 ......................................................... 10

6. Distribution of staff in 4-year historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs)

and in all 4-year colleges, by control of institution: Fall 1993 .................................... 11

7. Average salaries of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in historically

black colleges and universities and all institutions of higher education,

by sex of faculty: 1976–77 to 1994–95 ...................................................................... 12

8. Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and universities,

by source of funds and control of institution: 1993–94 .............................................. 14

9. Educational and general expenditures per full-time equivalent student in historically

black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and in all institutions, by control:

1976–77 to 1993–94 .................................................................................................. 15

Tables

Enrollment

1. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by sex and attendance status of student: 1976 to 1994 ........................................... 17
x CONTENTS

2. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by type and control of institution: 1976 to 1994 ......................................................... 18

3. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by type and control of institution, and sex: 1976 to 1994 .......................................... 19

4. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by type and control of institution and race/ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994 .......... 20

5. Fall enrollment in all institutions and historically black colleges and universities,

by type and control of institution and race/ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994 .......... 22

6. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by level, sex, and race/ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994 ........................................ 24

7. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by institution and level enrolled: 1988 and 1994 ....................................................... 26

8. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by institution, control, and sex: 1976 to 1994 ............................................................ 28

9. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by institution, race/ethnicity and percent of black students: 1994 ............................. 34

10. Full-time fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity and sex: 1976 to 1994 .................................................................... 36

11. Part-time fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity and sex: 1976 to 1994 .................................................................... 36

12. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by type and control of institution, number of institutions, sex, and state: 1976 ........ 37

13. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by type and control of institution, number of institutions, sex, and state: 1984 ........ 37

14. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by type and control of institution, number of institutions, sex, and state: 1990 ........ 38

15. Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by type and control of institution, number of institutions, sex, and state: 1994 ........ 38

Degrees

16. Associate degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ....................................... 39

17. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ....................................... 40

18. Master’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ....................................... 41

19. Doctor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ....................................... 42

20. First-professional degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ....................................... 43

21. Associate degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993–94 ........................ 44
CONTENTS xi

22. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993–94 ........................ 46

23. Master’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993–94 ........................ 48

24. Doctor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity, by major field of study, and sex of student: 1993–94 ................... 50

25. First-professional degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by race/ethnicity, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993–94 ........................ 52

26. Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by level of degree and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94 .................................... 52

27. Degrees conferred by historically black public 4-year colleges and universities,

by level and sex: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ...................................................................... 53

28. Degrees conferred by historically black private 4-year colleges and universities,

by level and sex: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ...................................................................... 53

29. Associate degrees conferred by historically black 2-year colleges,

by sex and control: 1976–77 to 1993–94 .................................................................. 53

30. Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by level of degree, sex of student, and state: 1976–77 ............................................ 54

31. Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by level of degree, sex of student, and state: 1983–84 ............................................ 54

32. Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by level of degree, sex of student, and state: 1990–91 ............................................ 55

33. Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by level of degree, sex of student, and state: 1993–94 ............................................ 55

34. Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities,

by institution, type of degree, and sex: 1993–94 ....................................................... 56

35. Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by field of

study, race, and institution: 1993–94 ......................................................................... 60

36. Bachelor’s and master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,

by field of study, race, and institution: 1993–94 ........................................................ 62

Staff and Salaries

37. Employees in historically black colleges and universities, by primary occupation,

employment status, sex, and by type and control of institution: Fall 1993 ................ 65

38. Employees in historically black colleges and universities, by primary occupation,

employment status, race/ethnicity, sex, and by type and control of institution:

Fall 1993 ..................................................................................................................... 66

39. Employees in historically black colleges and universities and all institutions of

higher education, by primary occupation, and by type and control of institution:

Fall 1993 ..................................................................................................................... 67

40. Instructional faculty in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, race/

ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1993 ...................................................................................... 68

41. Full-time instructional faculty in historically black colleges and universities, by race/

ethnicity, academic rank, and sex: Fall 1993 ............................................................. 69
xii CONTENTS

42. Employees and average faculty salary on 9-month contracts in historically

black colleges and universities, by institution, employment status, and sex:

Fall 1993 and 1994–95 .............................................................................................. 70

43. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in

historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs): 1976–77 to 1994–95 .............. 72

Finance

44. Current-fund revenue, current-fund expenditures, and educational and general

expenditures in historically black public colleges and universities compared

to all public colleges and universities: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ..................................... 73

45. Current-fund revenue, current-fund expenditures, and educational and general

expenditures in historically black private colleges and universities compared

to all private colleges and universities: 1976–77 to 1993–94 .................................... 74

46. Current-fund expenditures of historically black colleges and universities and all

institutions of higher education, by control of institution and purpose: 1993–94 ....... 75

47. Current-fund expenditures, educational and general expenditures and

current-fund revenue in historically black colleges and universities,

by institution: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ............................................................................ 76

Revenue

48. Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and universities,

by institution and source of funds: 1993–94 .............................................................. 80

49. Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and universities,

by source: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ................................................................................ 82

50. Current-fund revenue of historically black public colleges and universities,

by source: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ................................................................................ 85

51. Current-fund revenue of historically black private colleges and universities,

by source: 1976–77 to 1993–94 ................................................................................ 88

Expenditures

52. Current-fund expenditures of historically black colleges and universities,

by purpose: 1976–77 to 1993–94 .............................................................................. 91

53. Current-fund expenditures of historically black public colleges and universities,

by purpose: 1976–77 to 1993–94 .............................................................................. 94

54. Current-fund expenditures of historically black private colleges and universities,

by purpose: 1976–77 to 1993–94 .............................................................................. 97
1

1For details, see ‘‘Strengthening Historically Black Colleges and Universities,’’ 20 USC 1061(2).

2The Traditionally Black Institutions of Higher Education, 1860 to

1982, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education

Statistics.

Introduction

This report is a statistical overview of the

development of historically black colleges and

universities (HBCUs) over the past 19 years.

Historically black colleges and universities are institutions established prior to 1964, whose principal mission was the education of black Americans. 1 The

first section of this report reviews the historical context of black colleges. This section is followed by the

analysis of recent statistical trends. The goal of this

report is to present data that provide current information about the role of HBCUs in the American higher

education system.

This report includes summary enrollment, degree,

staff, and finance tabulations on all HBCUs, in

addition to institutional-level tabulations for each

HBCU. The summary tables are constructed to

provide context to the development of HBCUs by

comparing their experience to that of higher

education institutions in general.

The racial/ethnic data enable a detailed

examination of the HBCU role in the education of

black students as well as their expanding mission of

providing education to students from diverse racial/

ethnic backgrounds. The institutional and state-level

statistics are designed to assist HBCUs in comparing

their own experience to that of other HBCUs in the

country and in their state. A trend table on enrollment

at the institutional level examines some important

developments at specific black colleges and

universities.

‘‘Historically black colleges and universities have

contributed significantly to the effort to attain equal

opportunity through postsecondary education for

black, low income, and educationally

disadvantaged Americans.’’

With these words, in 1965 Congress introduced its

institutional aid program for Historically Black

Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), 20 USC 1060.

Since then, this Act has provided for additional funding to support a small cadre of institutions of higher

education which persevered through decades of segregation and neglect to provide higher education to

minority students who may not have been able to attend college otherwise.

Congress noted emphatically in the findings

section of the Act, that ‘‘the current state of black

colleges and universities is partly attributable to the

discriminatory action of the States and the Federal

Government.’’ This publication seeks to provide current information on the state of these institutions.

In 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed Executive

Order 12232, which established a federal program to

overcome the effects of discriminatory treatment and

to strengthen and expand the capacity of historically

black colleges and universities to provide quality education. Executive Orders were issued by President

Ronald Reagan (Executive Order 12320) and President George Bush (Executive Order 12677). As a

part of Executive Order 12677, President George

Bush underscored the importance of HBCUs to the

nation when he established a Board of Advisors on

Historically Black Colleges and Universities within the

Department of Education. On November 1, 1993,

President William Clinton signed Executive Order

12876 in order to advance the development of

human potential, to strengthen the capacity of historically black colleges and universities to provide quality

education, and to increase opportunities to participate in and benefit from federal programs.

Early History

The history of black colleges and universities is a

unique chapter in the development of American

education. Although most HBCUs are 4-year institutions in the Southern region of the United States,

they represent the diversity of higher education institutions. HBCUs encompass a variety of institution

types including public and private; single-sex and coed; predominately black and predominately white; 2-

year and 4-year colleges, research universities, professional schools, as well as small liberal arts colleges.

The story of HBCUs began prior to the Civil War.

The earliest of these colleges was formed during the

1830s (Cheyney University of Pennsylvania) to

counter the prevailing practice of limiting or

prohibiting altogether the education of blacks, most

of whom were still slaves.2 Lincoln University in

Pennsylvania and Wilberforce College in Ohio were
2 INTRODUCTION

3Private Colleges and Universities, Volume I, John and Shirley

Ohes, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut 1982.

the only two black schools established in the 1850s

by blacks in their effort toward self-education. However, it was not until after the Civil War that the federal government (through the Freedmen’s Bureau),

the black community, and various philanthropic organizations began intensive, organized efforts to educate the former slaves. Many of the schools founded

during this period were primarily religious schools

such as Edward Waters College in Florida, Fisk University in Tennessee, and Talladega College in Alabama. (See table 8, noting the chronology of the

founding of these schools.) Public support, aside

from that provided by the Freedmen’s Bureau (which

formally closed in 1873), came primarily in the form

of land grants for the purpose of constructing educational institutions.

First Morrill Act

The first land grant college provisions, known as

the First Morrill Act, were enacted by the Congress

on July 2, 1862. The statute articulated the

apportionment of public lands to the states based on

their representation in Congress in 1860 (i.e., 30,000

acres to each Senator and Congressman). The statute does not specifically mention equal educational

opportunity, but the Morrill Act was one of the first

congressional actions to benefit from the post-Civil

War constitutional amendments. By the late 1860s,

Morrill Act funds were being distributed to the states,

with the intention that they would foster educational

opportunity for all students, especially newly freed

blacks.

The creation of public land-grant colleges and universities in the United States is one of the most important developments in American higher education.

Prior to the establishment of the system in 1862, access to higher education in America was limited to

the very elite. The National Land-Grant Colleges Act

(First Morrill Act) of 1862 facilitated the establishment

of public land-grant colleges in the existing states,

making higher education available to less wealthy

Americans.

The Freedmen’s Bureau existed from the close of

the Civil War until 1873 to provide support for recently freed slaves. One of the newly formed educational institutions supported by the Freedmen’s Bureau was the future Howard University. In 1866, a

group of District of Columbia Congregational Church

members and clergy founded an institution for the religious education of blacks in the nation’s capital,

called Howard Normal and Theological Institute, after

Maj. Gen. Oliver Howard, a Union general, and Commissioner of the Freedmen’s Bureau. General Howard later served as Howard University’s president.

The federal government, through the Freedmen’s Bureau, provided most of Howard’s funding, restricting

federal dollars to support of nonreligious education.

Following the closing of the Freedmen’s Bureau in

1873, Howard faced 5 sometimes difficult years of

private funding until 1879 when Congress began providing annual appropriations. However, not until 1928

did these appropriations become statutory obligations

by Congress rather than gifts. Ironically, since its

founding, Howard has maintained its status as a private institution, even though it has nearly always

been predominantly funded by the federal government. 3

Following the Civil War, the expansion of the landgrant college system continued, with its implied focus

on educational opportunities. But, with the close of

the army’s occupation of the old South, funds from

the Morrill Act began to flow systematically to

schools offering only all-white education. Congress

attempted by various legislation to force racial equality, including equality of educational opportunity.

However, the U.S. Supreme Court initiated a series

of interpretations of the post-Civil War constitutional

amendments which ultimately defeated these various

legislative efforts. Culminating with its landmark 1882

decision finding the first Civil Rights Act unconstitutional, the Supreme Court held that the 14th amendment only protected against direct discriminatory action by a state government.

Second Morrill Act

What followed was a period of nearly 75 years

when only modest gains were made in higher educational opportunity for minorities. Congress did pass

a Second Morrill Act (1890) which required states

with dual systems of higher education (all-white and

non-white) to provide land-grant institutions for both

systems. Basing their jurisdiction on the 1882 Supreme Court decision, Congress acted to curb direct

state-sponsored discrimination. Eventually, 19 black

higher education institutions were organized as landgrant institutions which were initially non-degreegranting agricultural, mechanical, and industrial

schools. These institutions were founded to raise the

hopes and aspirations of a generation of children of

former slaves and to provide quality higher education

to Americans of all races. While efforts persisted

throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries to

reduce the funding to these colleges, they continued

to function based on land-grant funds. However, substantial increases in public funding for black colleges

would have to wait until much later.

Private philanthropic aid continued to provide a

small amount of assistance to those black schools

active during the first quarter of the 20th century. A

number of wealthy citizens established education
INTRODUCTION 3

4Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al., 349 U.S. 294,

p. 301.

5President George Bush at the National Conference on the White

House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities, September 8–10, 1991.

foundations to assist groups of these black colleges,

often emphasizing certain kinds of training. A study

by the U.S. Bureau of Education in 1915 (Negro

Education: A Study of the Private and Higher

Schools for Colored People in the United States) provides some clues as to the nature of the higher education of blacks at that time. According to the study,

there were 33 black educational institutions providing

college-level instruction. However, a significant portion of the instruction at these institutions was at the

elementary-secondary level. There were some outstanding examples of professional education, including Howard University and Meharry Medical College

schools of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy. In addition, Howard offered degrees in law. At this time,

many northern institutions were not officially segregated and included black students in their enrollments. But, as of the 1915 study, only 18 blacks

were enrolled in legal education programs other than

Howard’s. In addition to professional programs, a few

black institutions, such as Fisk University and Howard, had significant undergraduate and graduate programs. Fisk enrolled 288 students in 1915 with 40

percent enrolled in scientific fields.

At the beginning of the 20th century, black colleges were predominately controlled by white administrators and teaching staffs. But this situation began

to change as almost 400,000 black members of the

Armed Forces returned from World War I. Some of

the first places to feel the effect were the black

schools. In 1926, Howard University offered the presidency to Mordecai Johnson, Howard’s first black

president. By 1927, the date of a second federal

study of black colleges, there were 77 institutions enrolling almost 14,000 students. Despite the effects of

the economic depression, between 1929–30 and

1939–40, enrollment at HBCUs rose by 66 percent

compared to a rise of 36 percent at all colleges. By

1939–40, current expenditures at HBCUs were more

than double the amounts expended in 1929–30, after

adjustment for inflation.

Following World War II, demand increased rapidly

for higher education. Black soldiers returning from

the war had money from the GI Bill of Rights to

spend on higher education, and veterans made up

as much as a third of black college enrollment. But

another contentious struggle arose, whose ultimate

effects are still being felt today.

Brown v. Board of Education

During the late 1940s, a series of Supreme Court

cases signaled an intention to question the separatebut-equal classification as applied to education. In

1950, in McLaurin v. Oklahoma, the court found that

public graduate schools could not be segregated.

Also in 1950, in Sweatt v. Painter, the court announced that ‘‘a segregated law school for Negroes

could not provide them equal educational opportunities...’’ 4

Thus, it was no accident that, in 1952 and again

in 1953, several groups of plaintiffs from Kansas, Virginia, Delaware, and South Carolina were combined

into one case, commonly known as Brown v. Board

of Education. Specifically, the plaintiffs in the named

case were from Topeka, Kansas, where public elementary-secondary school systems were allowed, but

not required, to have separate but equal schools.

These plaintiffs sued their public school systems

charging that the separate but equal standard previously in place did not provide equal opportunity for

education. Brown was finally decided in 1955, and at

the instigation of the Supreme Court, the nation

began desegregating public education.

Toward the Future

For more than 150 years, HBCUs have provided

access to higher education for many black students.

While the nation has struggled, often violently, to pursue the ideal of equal educational opportunity, these

colleges and universities continue to be a critical

force in American higher education, ‘‘enriching a

great tradition of educational choice and diversity in

this country.’’ 5 HBCUs inspire and enhance opportunities for leadership and citizenship by mentoring and

supporting students as well as providing remedial

programs that address the educational needs of their

communities.

Current Status

The data in this report highlight the challenges

faced by HBCUs. Today, there are 103 HBCUs—40

public 4-year colleges, 10 public 2-year colleges, 49

private 4-year colleges, and 4 private 2-year colleges

(table 15). Although HBCUs constitute only 3 percent

of the nation’s 3,688 institutions of higher learning,

they enroll almost 16 percent of the black students

in colleges (table 5). In 1994, the 4-year HBCUs enrolled 26 percent of all black students enrolled in 4-

year colleges, and awarded 28 percent of all bachelor’s degrees earned by blacks nationwide (table

17). Thus today, as in the past, HBCUs still assume

a significant share of the nation’s responsibility for

providing educational opportunities for blacks.

HBCUs serve a large number of the disadvantaged

college-bound students, including many who require

remedial training, and expose these students to resources they would not otherwise receive. These col-
4 INTRODUCTION

leges continue to educate sizeable numbers of black

students, despite large numbers of blacks choosing

to attend other institutions. However, increases in enrollment and degrees at HBCUs trailed the growth

occurring at other colleges and universities during

the 1976 to 1994 period.

In the past, many HBCUs were primary and secondary schools, but gradually developed into normal

schools and college programs for the education of

black teachers. Once, HBCUs produced half of

America’s black teachers. By 1928, most HBCUs had

eliminated their elementary and secondary departments and concentrated on the college-level liberal

arts curriculum. Even today, HBCUs still have an important role in the education of black teachers as

well as the education of young blacks in some scientific and technical disciplines. In 1994, 48 percent

of blacks receiving bachelor’s degrees in agriculture

and natural resources, 45 percent in mathematics, 44

percent in physical sciences, 40 percent in biological

sciences, 38 percent in education, and 37 percent in

computer sciences and information sciences were

graduates from HBCUs (table 22).

The following section of the report describes the

statistical findings of the report. This overview is followed by the supporting detailed statistical tabulations. The final section of the report contains the definitions and technical methodology that were used in

developing the report.

Enrollment

The 103 HBCUs included in this report tend to be

smaller than other higher education institutions. Average enrollment of the HBCUs was about 2,719 in

1994 compared to an average of about 3,872 for all

institutions. A number of the HBCUs were very small,

with 14 having enrollments under 500. The largest

HBCUs were the University of the District of Columbia (10,599), Howard University (10,115), Florida

A&M (10,084), and Texas Southern (10,078) (table

7). Another distinguishing characteristic of HBCUs is

the relatively high proportion of women students. In

1994, about 59 percent of the students were women

compared to 55 percent at all institutions (table 3).

The institutional composition of the HBCUs also

differs from the rest of the higher education community. Compared to other higher education students, a

larger proportion of the students at HBCUs enroll in

4-year and in private institutions. In 1994, about 93

percent of students at HBCUs were enrolled in 4-

year colleges compared to 61 percent of all college

students (table 2). The proportion of black 4-year college students attending HBCUs was relatively high

(26 percent) while the proportion of black 2-year college students attending HBCUs was only 2 percent

(table 5). In 1994, about 26 percent of HBCU students attended private colleges compared to 22 percent for all students. Black enrollment in private

HBCUs as a percent of all black enrollment in 1994

was 23 percent.

Enrollment at HBCUs exhibited a pattern of stability between 1976 and 1986, followed by sizeable

growth between 1986 and 1992. Enrollment at

HBCUs rose from 223,000 in fall 1976 to 234,000 in

1980, but then fell back to 223,000 by 1986 before

rising again (table 1). This pattern contrasted with the

4 percent increase in enrollment at other institutions

between 1980 and 1986. Overall, enrollment at

HBCUs rose by about 26 percent between 1976 and

1994, but virtually all of the increase occurred between 1986 and 1992. The increase of 25 percent

from 1986 to 1994 exceeded the enrollment rise occurring at other institutions, and signals a turning

point in the enrollment pattern at HBCUs. The proportion of all students enrolled at HBCUs fell between 1979 and 1986 and then began to rise.

Enrollment in historically black colleges and

universities: 1994

Item

HBCU enrollment, in thousands

Enrollment in

HBCUs as a

percent of all

institutions

Black enrollment in

HBCUs as a

percent of all

black enrollment

Total ................. 280 2.0 16.0

Men ...................... 114 1.8 16.7

Women ................ 166 2.1 15.4

4-year ................... 260 3.0 26.2

2-year ................... 20 0.4 1.9

Public ................... 207 1.9 14.1

Private .................. 74 2.3 22.7

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for

Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data

System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ survey.

The overall enrollment increase between 1976 and

1994 masks some important trends occurring among

different types of students. Virtually all of the enrollment increase over this time period was caused by

larger numbers of women entering HBCUs (table 1).

Enrollment of women at HBCUs rose by 41 percent

between 1976 and 1994, while the enrollment of men

rose 9 percent. A large part of the enrollment increase was composed of part-time students. This

pattern mirrored the large increases in women and

part-time students that occurred at other institutions

of higher education, but the shift at the HBCUs was

more pronounced. Full-time students at other institutions, however, increased more than at HBCUs.

The enrollment changes at HBCUs generally favored the public institutions. Enrollment at public

HBCUs rose by 32 percent between 1976 and 1994

compared to 12 percent for the private HBCUs (table

2). However, the time period contained two divergent

trends for public and private HBCUs. Between 1976
INTRODUCTION 5

and 1986, enrollment at public HBCUs rose by about

3 percent while enrollment at private HBCUs fell by

7 percent. From 1986 to 1994, enrollment at public

and private HBCUs rose by about 27 and 20 percent,

respectively.

Part of the relatively large increase in enrollments

at all public colleges was due to the expansion of

programs by 2-year colleges (table 2). The 2-year

HBCUs represent a very small sector, with modest

enrollment increases in the public colleges and significant enrollment declines in the private colleges.

This difference in the experience of 2-year HBCUs

and other 2-year colleges had some impact on the

relatively slow growth in HBCU enrollment during the

late 1970s and early 1980s. Enrollment changes at

public 4-year HBCUs were about the same as enrollment changes at all public 4-year colleges from 1976

to 1994.

The majority of students at HBCUs are black but

this percentage has fallen slightly over time. In 1976,

about 86 percent of students at HBCUs were black

Americans (table 4). This proportion fell to 82 percent

by 1994, caused primarily by an influx of white female students. For example, between 1976 and

1994, the enrollment of black students at HBCUs

rose by 21 percent compared to a 71 percent increase for white students. This increase occurred at

the public 4-year and 2-year HBCUs. There was little

growth in white enrollment at private 4-year and 2-

year HBCUs. As a result of these differing enrollment

changes, the proportion of private 4-year students

who were black remained high (94 percent) compared to the proportion at public 4-year HBCUs (80

percent).

1976 1980 1985 1990 1994

0

50

100

150

200

250

Year

(In thousands)

Private

Men

Women

Public

Figure 1.--Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities,

by sex of student and by control of institution: 1976 to 1994

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Fall Enrollment in 

Colleges and Universities" surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education 

Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment" surveys.

The increase in black enrollment (21 percent) at

HBCUs between 1976 and 1994 lagged behind the

40 percent rise in black enrollment at other colleges,

a pattern that began in the mid-1980s. Between 1988

and 1994, the number of black students in all institutions increased 28 percent and in HBCUs it increased 19 percent. As a result of this long-term

growth in black enrollment at non-HBCU institutions,

the proportion of blacks enrolling who were at

HBCUs dipped from 18.4 percent in 1976 to 15.9

percent in 1994 (table 5).
6 INTRODUCTION

Between 1976 and 1994, enrollment at the graduate level rose slightly faster than the enrollment at

the undergraduate level, but slower than the enrollment at the first-professional level. Graduate enrollment at HBCUs rose by 36 percent between 1976

and 1994 compared to 25 percent for undergraduate

enrollment and 47 percent for first-professional enrollment (table 6). The graduate enrollment of blacks

actually fell 5 percent between 1976 and 1990, but

then increased 34 percent between 1990 and 1994.

The large enrollment increases at the graduate and

first-professional levels were also stimulated by an

influx of non-black students, which amounted to 35

percent of the graduate total and 29 percent of the

first-professional total in 1994. The percent of black

students attending HBCUs at the undergraduate,

graduate, and first-professional levels dropped between 1976 and 1990. During the 1990 to 1994 period, there was a slight increase in the proportion of

black students studying at the undergraduate and

first-professional levels at HBCUs, and a substantial

rise in the proportion of black graduates students attending HBCUs.

1976 1980 1984 1990 1994

0

20

40

60

80

100

Year

Percent

Other White

Nonresident alien

Black

Figure 2.--Distribution of fall enrollment in historically black 

colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity: 1976 to 1994

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Fall Enrollment in

Colleges and Universities" surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education 

Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment" surveys.

Enrollment trends at HBCUs have exhibited some

important shifts over the past 19 years. The enrollments at HBCUs increasingly comprised more diverse student bodies, at least at public colleges. At

the same time, more blacks chose to attend nonHBCU institutions, although this shift has stabilized in

recent years. After lagging behind other institutions,

enrollment at HBCUs increased faster than the national average between 1988 and 1994.

Degrees Conferred

In 1993–94, more than 1 in 4 black bachelor’s degree recipients received their degrees from HBCUs.

The proportion of blacks earning their advanced degrees from HBCUs was somewhat lower than at the

bachelor’s degree level. Relatively few blacks earned

degrees from HBCUs at the associate degree level.

Compared to other 4-year colleges, HBCUs awarded

a higher proportion of their bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, and first-professional degrees at the bachelor’s

level. In 1993–94, 82 percent of all degree awards at

4-year HBCUs were at the bachelor’s degree level,
INTRODUCTION 7

compared to 70 percent at all 4-year colleges. About

3 percent of all awards at all 4-year colleges were at

the doctor’s degree level compared to 1 percent of

awards at 4-year HBCUs.

The number of degrees conferred by HBCUs had

been falling since the late 1970s at the bachelor’s

and master’s degree levels, but after 1988–89 the

numbers of both bachelor’s and master’s degrees

began to rise (table 26). At the doctoral level, the

number fluctuated between 1976–77 and 1981–82,

and then began rising. The number of first-professional degrees rose between 1976–77 and 1985–86,

and then declined, but started showing an increase

in 1992–93. The enrollment increases during the late

1980s noted above are probably the reason the number of degrees conferred has risen. The numbers of

HBCU associate, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees

did not increase at the same rates as at other higher

education institutions. In fact, the number of master’s

degrees decreased in HBCUs between 1976 and

1994.

Degrees conferred by historically black colleges, by

level: 1993–94

Item Degrees

HBCU degrees

as a

percentage of

all

degrees

awarded

HBCU

degrees

to blacks as

a percentage

of all degrees

to blacks

Associate ............. 2,830 0.5 3.2

Bachelor’s ............ 27,425 2.3 28.0

Master’s ............... 4,986 1.3 14.5

Doctor’s ................ 213 0.5 9.3

First-professional . 1,013 1.3 15.5

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for

Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data

System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions, 1993–94’’ survey.

1976-77 1980-81 1984-85 1989-90 1993-94

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Year

Number

Figure 3.--Degrees conferred by historically black colleges 

and universities, by level of degree: 1976-77 to 1993-94

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred" surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS) "Completions" surveys.

Bachelor’s

Master’s

Associate

First-professional

Doctor’s

Associate degrees

The number of associate degrees conferred by

HBCUs fluctuated within a relatively narrow range of

about 2,753 to 2,830 between 1976–77 to 1993–94

(table 26). Overall, the number of associate degrees

awarded by HBCUs rose about 3 percent between

1976–77 and 1993–94. The number of associate degrees awarded by all colleges rose by 20 percent

during this same period.

HBCUs play a relatively small role in awarding associate degrees. Only 3.2 percent of blacks earned

their associate degrees from HBCUs in 1993–94

(table 21). This reflects the relatively small size of the

HBCU 2-year sector noted above. Also, about 48

percent of the associate degrees awarded by HBCUs
8 INTRODUCTION

went to non-black students. This is a much higher

percentage than at the bachelor’s degree level. The

proportion of HBCU associate degrees awarded to

women grew significantly from 53 percent in 1976–

77 to 65 percent in 1993–94.

Bachelor’s degrees

The number of bachelor’s degrees conferred by

HBCUs increased by 16 percent between 1976–77

and 1993–94. The number of bachelor’s degrees

conferred by other institutions rose 27 percent. As a

result, the proportion of bachelor’s degrees conferred

by HBCUs dropped from 2.6 percent to 2.3 percent

between 1976–77 and 1993–94 (table 17).

The number of degrees awarded to men at HBCUs

rose by less than one percent between 1976–77 and

1993–94, while the number of bachelor’s degrees for

women in HBCUs rose by 29 percent (table 17). During the 1976–77 to 1993–94 period, the number of

bachelor’s degrees awarded to every racial/ethnic

group increased, but the number for nonresident

aliens decreased 33 percent. Overall, the proportion

of HBCU bachelor’s degrees awarded to blacks

dropped from 88.1 percent in 1976–77 to 85.6 percent in 1993–94. The black proportion declined during the late 1970s and early 1980s, but has increased since 1984–85. The number of degree

awards to non-resident aliens (non-resident aliens

may be of any race) rose sharply from 1976–77 to

1982–83, but then declined rapidly through 1993–94.

At its peak in 1982–83, about 12 percent of all bachelor’s degree awards at HBCUs went to non-resident

aliens.

1976-77 1980-81 1984-85 1989-90 1993-94

0

10

20

30

40

50

Year

Percent

Figure 4.--Degrees awarded to blacks at historically black 

colleges and universities as a proportion of all degrees 

awarded to blacks: 1976-77 to 1993-94

Bachelor’s

First-professional

Master’s

Associate

Doctor’s

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Degrees and Other Formal 

Awards Conferred" surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System 

(IPEDS), "Completions" surveys.

The modest increase in degree awards to blacks

at HBCUs contrasted with the more rapid increase in

degrees awarded to blacks at other institutions. As a

result of these divergent paces, the proportion of

blacks earning their bachelor’s degrees at HBCUs

declined from 35.4 percent in 1976–77 to 28.0 percent in 1993–94. Thus in 1993–94, over 1 in 4 black

men and women received their bachelor’s degrees

from HBCUs. This proportion varied greatly by field

of study (table 22). For example in agriculture, about

48 percent of blacks earned their degrees from

HBCUs in 1993–94. Other fields of study where more

than 35 percent of blacks received their degrees

from HBCUs included: mathematics, physical
INTRODUCTION 9

6Science and Engineering Education in the HBCUs: 1977–1994,

(forthcoming), (Arlington, VA.: National Science Foundation, 1996).

sciences, biological sciences, computer and information sciences, and education. More detailed information on the role of the HBCUs in the conferral of

science degrees to blacks may be obtained from the

National Science Foundation. 6

Master’s degrees

The number of master’s degrees conferred by

HBCUs declined by 36 percent between 1976–77

and 1988–89, and then rose 27 percent by 1993–94,

resulting in a drop of 19 percent over the entire period. The number of master’s degrees conferred by

other institutions did not decline as rapidly, and

began rising in 1984–85. As a result of these differences, the proportion of master’s degrees conferred by HBCUs dropped from 1.9 percent to 1.3

percent between 1976–77 and 1993–94 (table 18).

The number of master’s degrees awarded to men

at HBCUs fell by a substantially larger percentage

than degree awards to women during the 1976–77 to

1993–94 period. Between 1976–77 and 1988–89, the

number of master’s degrees dropped by 39 percent

for men, and then rose 12 percent between 1988–89

and 1993–94. The decline was due to the fall in degree awards to both white and black men. For example, the number of degrees awarded to white men

fell by 45 percent and the number of awards to black

men declined 37 percent. For women, the number of

master’s degrees at HBCUs dropped by 35 percent

between 1976–77 and 1988–89, but rose 36 percent

between 1988–89 and 1993–94. Overall, during the

1976–77 to 1993–94 period, the number of master’s

degrees awarded to men fell by 31 percent, while the

number of degrees awarded to women fell by 11 percent.

The proportion of HBCU master’s degrees awarded to blacks dropped from 74.3 percent in 1976–77

to 64.4 percent in 1993–94. The rise in the number

of white women earning degrees at HBCUs was responsible for the overall white proportion rising from

18.9 percent in 1976–77 to 23.0 percent in 1993–94.

The proportion of non-resident aliens rose from 5.9

percent in 1976–77 to 17.3 percent in 1984–85, before falling to 8.0 percent in 1993–94. The proportion

of non-blacks among master’s degrees recipients at

HBCUs was much higher than at the baccalaureate

level.

As a result of these relatively steep declines in

awards to blacks at HBCUs and increases at non

HBCUs, the proportion of blacks earning their master’s degrees at HBCUs declined from 21.7 percent

in 1976–77 to 14.5 percent in 1993–94. In 1993–94,

about 1 in 7 black men and women receiving their

master’s degrees earned them at HBCUs. This proportion was much higher in some fields (table 23).

For example in agriculture, about 48 percent of

blacks earned their master’s degree from HBCUs in

1993–94. Other fields of study where more than 20

percent of blacks received their degrees from HBCUs

included: home economics, biological sciences, computer and information sciences, and library and archival science. About 54 percent of white women earning master’s degrees at HBCUs earned them in the

field of education.

Doctor’s degrees

The number of doctor’s degrees conferred by

HBCUs increased by 223 percent between 1976–77

and 1993–94. The number of doctor’s degrees conferred by other institutions did not rise as rapidly and,

as a result, the proportion of doctor’s degrees conferred by HBCUs rose from 0.2 percent to 0.5 percent between 1976–77 and 1993–94 (table 26). However, the proportion of doctor’s degrees awarded by

HBCUs is significantly smaller than the proportion of

bachelor’s and master’s degrees awarded.

The number of doctor’s degrees awarded to

women at HBCUs rose at a faster rate than the number of awards for men. Between 1976–77 and 1993–

94, the number of doctor’s degrees increased by 150

percent for men and 350 percent for women. There

were increases in the number of awards in all racial/

ethnic groups except American Indian/Alaskan Natives where no doctor degrees were awarded. In contrast to trends at the bachelor’s and master’s degree

levels, the proportion of awards to blacks was higher

in 1993–94 than in 1976–77. Most of the shift was

due to the increase in the number of doctor’s degrees being awarded to blacks and the relatively

modest increases in awards to non-resident aliens.

As a result of these relatively steep increases, the

proportion of blacks earning their doctor’s degrees at

HBCUs rose from 2.8 percent in 1976–77 to 9.3 percent in 1993–94. About 46 percent of all doctor’s degrees awarded by HBCUs were in the field of education (table 46). In 1976–77, only 4 HBCUs awarded doctor’s degrees. They were: Howard University,

D.C.; Atlanta University, Georgia; Meharry Medical

College, Tennessee; and Texas Southern University.

In 1993–94, 15 HBCUs awarded doctor’s degrees

First-professional degrees

The number of first-professional degrees conferred

by HBCUs increased by 39 percent between 1976–

77 and 1993–94 (table 26). However, there was an

important shift during the period. The number of firstprofessional degrees rose by 32 percent between

1976–77 and 1984–85, and between 1984–85 and

1993–94, it dipped and then increased 5 percent.

The proportion of first-professional degrees conferred

by HBCUs was slightly higher in 1993–94 (1.3 per-
10 INTRODUCTION

cent) than in 1976–77 (1.1 percent) (table 20). The

proportion of first-professional degrees conferred by

HBCUs has been about the same as the proportion

of master’s degrees awarded in the 1990s.

Similar to other levels of degrees, the number of

first-professional degrees awarded to women at

HBCUs has risen relative to the number of awards

for men. Between 1976–77 and 1993–94, the number of first-professional degrees decreased by 8 percent for men and increased by 199 percent for

women. There also were significant increases in the

awards to non-blacks (table 20). In contrast to increases at the doctor’s degree level, the proportion

of first-professional awards to blacks fell from 75.5

percent in 1976–77 to 68.1 percent in 1993–94. The

proportion of blacks among first-professional degree

recipients at HBCUs was about the same as the

master’s and doctor’s degree level and lower than

the bachelor’s degree level.

Between 1976–77 and 1993–94, there were significant increases in the number of blacks earning firstprofessional degrees at other institutions. As a result

of these divergent trends at HBCUs and other institutions, the proportion of blacks earning first-professional degrees at HBCUs fell from 21.8 percent in

1976–77 to 15.5 percent in 1993–94. Thus, about 1

in 7 blacks received their first-professional degrees

from HBCUs. This proportion was highest in veterinary medicine in which 56 percent of blacks earned

their degrees from HBCUs in 1993–94 and pharmacy

53 percent (table 25). Other fields of study where

more than 25 percent of blacks received their degrees from HBCUs were dentistry and theological

professions. About 44 percent of all first-professional

degrees awarded by HBCUs were in the field of law,

which is a lower percentage than at other institutions

(53 percent).

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s First-professional

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percent

Black, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic

Other Nonresident alien

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Completions" survey.

52.0 85.6 64.4 61.9 68.1

Figure 5.--Distribution of degrees conferred by historically 

black colleges and universities, by level of degree and 

race/ethnicity: 1993-94

Colleges Conferring Large Numbers of

Degrees

St. Philip’s College in Texas conferred more associate degrees than any other HBCU, but the University of the District of Columbia and Bishop State

Community College in Alabama conferred more associate degrees to blacks (table 35).

Howard University in D.C. conferred the most

bachelor’s degrees and also more bachelor’s degrees, doctor’s degrees, and first-professional degrees to blacks (table 34). Bowie State University in

Maryland conferred the most master’s degrees, but
INTRODUCTION 11

Clark Atlanta University in Georgia conferred the

most master’s degrees to blacks.

Blacks as well as other students at HBCUs received more bachelor’s degrees in business than in

other fields (table 36). Howard University conferred

the most business bachelor’s degrees. A higher proportion of master’s degrees conferred in HBCUs

were in education than at other institutions. Prairie

View A&M University in Texas conferred the most

master’s degrees in education. After education degrees, other popular fields were technical/professional fields, business, and computer science and

engineering.

Degree summary

In general, the number of associate, bachelor’s,

doctor’s, and first-professional degrees conferred by

HBCUs rose between 1976–77 and 1993–94. The

number of master’s degrees has fallen since 1976–

77, but started increasing in 1989–90. Only at the

doctor’s degree level has there been significant

growth. The racial/ethnic composition of the degree

recipients has grown more diversified. In 1976–77,

about 84 percent of degrees were conferred to

blacks compared to 79 percent in 1993–94. In general, the proportion of blacks who earned their degrees at HBCUs has fallen as well. The exception to

both the diversification trend at HBCUs and the declining proportion of blacks earning their degrees at

HBCUs has been at the doctor’s degree level where

the proportion of blacks among doctor’s degrees recipients has risen.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percent

Administrative

Faculty

Instructional and 

Other professional

Nonprofessional 

research assistants

staff

All 4-year

colleges

All 4-year HBCUs HBCUs colleges

Figure 6.--Distribution of staff in 4-year historically black 

colleges and universities (HBCUs) and in all 4-year colleges, 

colleges, by control of institution: Fall 1993

Public Private

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Staff" survey.

Staff

The National Center for Education Statistics resumed collecting staff data from colleges and universities in 1989. Since these activities have expanded

only recently, data for the earlier years covered by

the enrollment, degree, and finance portions of this

report are not available for the staff comparisons.

Still, the staff data provide an informative snapshot of

the situation. In 1993, 52,154 persons were employed by HBCUs and about 34 percent of them

were faculty, similar to the proportion for all colleges

and universities (table 39). When the comparisons

were limited to 4-year institutions, some differences

emerged. HBCUs employed a lower proportion of instructional and research assistants and a higher proportion of service and maintenance personnel (table

39) than other 4-year colleges and universities.
12 INTRODUCTION

These small, but noticeable, differences prevailed for

both the public and private HBCUs.

The total staff in 1993 at HBCUs was 52,154 (table

37). The total black staff was 39,815 or 76 percent

of the total staff in 1993 (table 38). Seventy-two percent of the full-time men and women at HBCUs were

black. Sixty percent of the part-time men were black

and 70 percent of the part-time women were black.

The percent of black faculty in HBCUs for 1993 was

66 percent (table 38).

The student to staff ratio at public 4-year HBCUs

was similar to the ratio at other public institutions.

Private HBCUs have a much lower student to staff

ratio than public HBCUs. This pattern is similar to the

situation at all public and private colleges. For example, on a head count basis the student/staff ratio for

public 4-year HBCUs was 6.4 in 1993, slightly higher

than the average for all public 4-year colleges (4.4).

At private 4-year HBCUs the ratio was 3.6, about the

same as the average for all private 4-year colleges

(3.8) (tables 2, 5, and 39).

Public HBCUs employed about 22 percent of their

staff as administrative and other nonfaculty professionals and 37 percent of their staff as faculty, very

close to the averages at all public colleges. However,

public colleges in general employed about 10 percent

of their staff as instructional and research assistants

compared to 2 percent at HBCUs. In contrast, public

HBCUs employed 12 percent of their staff as service

and maintenance personnel compared to 8 percent

for all public colleges.

Private HBCUs employed a slightly higher proportion of their staff as administrative or other nonfaculty

professionals (29 percent) compared to all private

colleges (25 percent). The proportion of staff who

were faculty was 29 percent at private HBCUs compared to 34 percent at all private colleges. The proportion of nonprofessional staff, especially technical

and paraprofessional staff, was higher at private

HBCUs than other private colleges and universities.

These limited data suggest that staff resources at

HBCUs are comparable to those at other institutions.

At private HBCUs, there is some indication that more

staff have been allocated to providing services than

at other types of private colleges.

1976-77 1980-81

 

1984-85 1989-90 1994-95

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Year

Average salary

Women (HBCUs)

Men (HBCUs)

Total (Women)

Total (HBCUs)

Figure 7.--Average salaries for full-time faculty in historically black 

by sex of faculty: 1976-77 to 1994-95

colleges and universities and all institutions of higher education,

[In 1994-95 constant dollars]

Total (Men)

Total (All)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Faculty Salaries, Tenure, 

and Benefits" surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, 

(IPEDS), "Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full-Time Instructional 

Faculty" surveys.

$
INTRODUCTION 13

Salaries

Faculty salaries at HBCUs have increased but not

at the same pace as other colleges; salaries at

HBCUs remained lower. Average salaries for faculty

at HBCUs rose 7 percent between 1984–85 and

1994–95, after adjustment for inflation (table 43).

This rise was slightly less than the 10 percent increase in average salaries for faculty at all institutions. As a result, the gap between average salaries

at HBCUs and other institutions did not narrow between 1976–77 and 1994–95. In 1994–95, faculty at

HBCUs were paid about 80 percent of the average

of faculty at all higher education institutions, roughly

the same as 1976–77. When examined separately

for men and women faculty, the percentages are

somewhat different. Women faculty at HBCUs

earned about 86 percent of the average salary for

women at all institutions compared to 79 percent for

men at HBCUs in 1994–95.

Average salaries for male and female faculty at

HBCUs were closer than at other types of institutions. In 1994–95, average salaries at HBCUs were

about $40,217 for men and $35,772 for women, a 12

percent gap, while for all institutions the average salary was $51,228 for men and $41,369 for women, a

24 percent difference. Within specific faculty ranks,

average salaries for men and women faculty at

HBCUs were relatively close. The averages differed

by 4 percent for professors, 2 percent for associate

professors, and 5 percent for assistant professors. In

all colleges and universities, the salary differences

for men and women professors was 13 percent with

other ranks differing by 5 to 11 percent. Thus, there

appears to be slightly more pay equity for men and

women faculty at HBCUs compared to faculty in

other institutions.

Male and female faculty salaries at HBCUs were

close, not only in the average salaries paid to fulltime faculty in 1994–95 but in the rate of growth of

average salaries in the last 10 years (figure 7). Average salaries of men rose 5 percent in constant dollars between 1976–77 and 1994–95, while the average for women faculty rose 6 percent. For all institutions, salaries for men rose by 9 percent and for

women by 7 percent during that same time period.

Public Private

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percent

Tuition and fees Federal government State and local governments

Private and endowment Sales and services and other

Figure 8.--Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and

universities, by source of funds and control of institution:

1993-94

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’ survey.
14 INTRODUCTION

Part of the differences in salaries for HBCUs compared to other colleges may reflect the location of

most HBCUs in the South. For all institutions, salary

averages were lower than the national average for

most southern states. For example, in 1994–95 the

average salaries for Mississippi and Arkansas were

78 and 79 percent of the national average.

Finances

Public HBCUs showed similar patterns of revenue

sources as other public colleges and universities

(table 46). For example, public HBCUs derived about

21 percent of their revenue from tuition, slightly higher than the figure for all public colleges, which was

18 percent. However, public HBCUs derived a slightly smaller proportion of their revenue than other public colleges from endowments, private gifts, grants,

and contracts (2 percent v. 5 percent). A higher proportion of revenue for public HBCUs (61 percent)

came from government sources than at other public

institutions (51 percent) (figure 8).

Revenue for private HBCUs exhibits a different

pattern than other private institutions (table 47). For

example, private HBCUs derived about 29 percent of

their revenue from tuition and fees in 1993–94 compared to 42 percent for all private colleges. In contrast, private HBCUs derived 27 percent of their revenue from the federal government compared to 15

percent for all private colleges. Some of this difference is due to the unusual federal funding of Howard University and the relatively large representation

of institutions receiving land-grant appropriations

among private HBCUs. Private HBCUs also received

a larger proportion of their revenue from hospitals

compared to other private institutions. Again, this is

because of the relatively large medical facilities

among a few institutions. HBCUs earned a smaller

share of their revenue from endowments compared

to other private institutions, but received a slightly

higher proportion of revenue from private gifts,

grants, and contracts.

1976-77 1980-81 1984-85 1989-90 1993-94

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Year

(In thousands)

Figure 9.--Educational and general expenditures per 

full-time equivalent student in historically black colleges 

and universities (HBCUs) and in all institutions, by control: 

1976-77 to 1993-94

$

All public

Public (HBCUs)

Private

Private (HBCUs)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Financial Statistics of 

Institutions of Higher Education" surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary 

Education Data System (IPEDS), "Finance" surveys.

[In constant 1993-94 dollars]
INTRODUCTION 15

Expenditure patterns among public HBCUs also

were much like those at other types of public institutions (table 44). Public HBCUs spent about the same

proportion of their funds on instruction, but somewhat

less on research compared to all public institutions.

On the other hand, public HBCUs spent a higher proportion of their funds on institutional support and on

operation and maintenance of plant.

The expenditure patterns of the private HBCUs

were similar to other private institutions (table 44). In

1993–94, private HBCUs spent 25 percent of their

funds on instruction compared to 27 percent at all

private colleges. HBCUs spent less on research

compared to other private institutions, but spent more

on institutional support and public service. Both private HBCUs and other private institutions expended

a sizeable portion of their funds (about 8 to 11 percent) on scholarships and fellowships.

Trends in revenue and expenditures at HBCUs

provide valuable information on the financial vitality

of these institutions. One of the best ways to examine funding resources available at different types of

institutions is to compare funding per full-time-equivalent student. Increases in expenditure per student at

both public and private HBCUs lagged behind increases in expenditures per student at all public and

private institutions between 1976–77 and 1993–94.

Educational and general expenditures per student,

which exclude hospitals and self-supporting enterprises such as student residence facilities and sports

stadiums (table 42), provide a more direct measure

of resources available for student education than current-fund expenditures. In 1993–94, public HBCUs

spent $9,782 per student, or 88 percent of the

amount per student for all public colleges and universities. The gap closed during the late 1970s, but after

achieving parity between 1978–79 and 1986–87, the

gap widened again. The rapid rise in enrollment at

HBCUs may have outpaced the funding resources.

Over the entire 1976-77 to 1993-94 period, educational and general expenditures per student at

HBCUs rose 4 percent (after adjustment for inflation)

compared to 11 percent for all public colleges.

The financial picture at private HBCUs differed

from the public HBCUs. While the increase in revenue outpaced that in expenditures at all types of private institutions, the growth in revenue and expenditures at HBCUs was much smaller than the surge at

all private colleges. Between 1976–77 and 1993–94,

current-fund revenue at HBCUs rose 26 percent,

after adjustment for inflation, compared to a rise of

68 percent at all private colleges and universities

(table 43). Still, revenue per student at all private colleges and universities rose by 30 percent compared

to 9 percent for HBCUs. The pattern was similar for

expenditures. Because of the slow rate of growth in

private HBCU expenditures, the gap between the

educational and general expenditures per student

widened significantly between private HBCUs and all

private institutions. In 1976–77, private HBCUs actually spent 5 percent more per student than all private

colleges and universities. By 1993–94, the gap had

reversed and HBCUs spent about 14 percent less

per student than all private colleges and universities.

Summary

Taken as a group, HBCUs entered a period of

growth during the late 1980s. After a decade of stable enrollments prior to 1986, enrollments at HBCUs

rose rapidly through 1992. At least some of this recent increase was been due to a larger proportion of

black students choosing to attend HBCUs. But over

the entire 1976 to 1994 period, the racial/ethnic student composition at HBCUs has diversified. The

numbers of degrees conferred by HBCUs has been

rising since 1990, mainly due to the rising enrollment

levels during the late 1980s. The increased diversity

of students is more evident in degree recipients than

the overall student population at HBCUs.

The financial and faculty resource picture at public

HBCUs generally looks stronger than at private

HBCUs. Faculty salaries at HBCUs have increased

at about the same rate as at all institutions, but remain at a somewhat lower level. Educational expenditures per student at both public and private HBCUs

have increased, but not at a rate comparable to other

public and private institutions. In particular, expenditures per student at private HBCUs have increased

at a modest rate compared to other private institutions.

HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 17

Table 1.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by sex and attendance status of student:

1976 to 1994

Year Total

enrollment

Sex of student Full-time Part-time

Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1976 ............................... 222,613 104,669 117,944 180,059 85,794 94,265 42,554 18,875 23,679

1977 ............................... 226,062 104,178 121,884 181,244 84,272 96,972 44,818 19,906 24,912

1978 ............................... 227,797 104,216 123,581 176,243 81,661 94,582 51,554 22,555 28,999

1979 ............................... 230,124 105,494 124,630 177,925 83,118 94,807 52,199 22,376 29,823

1980 ............................... 233,557 106,387 127,170 180,521 84,222 96,299 53,036 22,165 30,871

1981 ............................... 232,460 106,033 126,427 177,448 83,096 94,352 55,012 22,937 32,075

1982 ............................... 228,371 104,897 123,474 170,611 80,231 90,380 57,760 24,666 33,094

1983 ............................... 234,446 106,884 127,562 178,265 83,389 94,876 56,181 23,495 32,686

1984 ............................... 227,519 102,823 124,696 168,616 78,202 90,414 58,903 24,621 34,282

1985 ............................... 225,801 100,698 125,103 170,798 77,746 93,052 55,003 22,952 32,051

1986 ............................... 223,275 97,523 125,752 167,825 75,545 92,280 55,450 21,978 33,472

1987 ............................... 227,994 97,085 130,909 172,752 75,336 97,416 55,242 21,749 33,493

1988 ............................... 239,755 100,561 139,194 180,215 77,540 102,675 59,540 23,021 36,519

1989 ............................... 249,096 102,484 146,612 189,030 79,747 109,283 60,066 22,737 37,329

1990 1 ............................. 257,152 105,157 151,995 194,905 81,938 112,967 62,247 23,219 39,028

1991 ............................... 269,335 110,442 158,893 206,493 86,975 119,518 62,842 23,467 39,375

1992 ............................... 279,541 114,622 164,919 213,913 90,118 123,795 65,628 24,504 41,124

1993 ............................... 282,856 116,397 166,459 217,462 91,611 125,851 65,394 24,786 40,608

1994 2 ............................. 280,071 114,006 166,065 214,889 89,707 125,182 65,182 24,299 40,883

Enrollment in historically black colleges and universities as a percent of total enrollment in all institutions 3

1976 ............................... 2.02 1.80 2.27 2.68 2.32 3.13 0.99 0.90 1.08

1977 ............................... 2.00 1.80 2.22 2.67 2.31 3.09 1.00 0.93 1.06

1978 ............................... 2.02 1.85 2.20 2.64 2.31 3.01 1.12 1.07 1.17

1979 ............................... 1.99 1.86 2.12 2.62 2.35 2.92 1.09 1.05 1.13

1980 ............................... 1.93 1.81 2.04 2.54 2.28 2.83 1.06 1.01 1.10

1981 ............................... 1.88 1.77 1.98 2.47 2.24 2.72 1.06 1.01 1.10

1982 ............................... 1.84 1.74 1.93 2.36 2.14 2.61 1.11 1.08 1.13

1983 ............................... 1.88 1.77 1.98 2.46 2.22 2.71 1.08 1.04 1.11

1984 ............................... 1.86 1.75 1.95 2.38 2.14 2.62 1.15 1.11 1.17

1985 ............................... 1.84 1.73 1.95 2.41 2.15 2.68 1.06 1.04 1.08

1986 ............................... 1.79 1.66 1.90 2.36 2.10 2.62 1.03 0.96 1.08

1987 ............................... 1.79 1.64 1.92 2.39 2.09 2.69 1.00 0.94 1.04

1988 ............................... 1.84 1.68 1.97 2.42 2.12 2.72 1.06 0.98 1.11

1989 ............................... 1.84 1.66 2.00 2.47 2.13 2.79 1.02 0.93 1.09

1990 1 ............................. 1.86 1.67 2.02 2.49 2.15 2.81 1.04 0.94 1.11

1991 ............................... 1.88 1.70 2.02 2.54 2.21 2.86 1.01 0.91 1.07

1992 ............................... 1.93 1.76 2.07 2.62 2.29 2.92 1.04 0.94 1.10

1993 ............................... 1.98 1.81 2.11 2.68 2.35 2.97 1.06 0.98 1.12

1994 2 ............................. 1.96 1.79 2.10 2.64 2.33 2.92 1.06 0.97 1.13

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3Percentages are based on total enrollment with imputations.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),

‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
18 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 2.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution:

1976 to 1994

Year Total

enrollment

Type of institution Public institutions Private institutions

4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1976 ............................... 222,613 206,676 15,937 156,836 143,528 13,308 65,777 63,148 2,629

1977 ............................... 226,062 209,898 16,164 158,823 145,450 13,373 67,239 64,448 2,791

1978 ............................... 227,797 211,651 16,146 163,237 150,168 13,069 64,560 61,483 3,077

1979 ............................... 230,124 214,147 15,977 166,315 153,139 13,176 63,809 61,008 2,801

1980 ............................... 233,557 218,009 15,548 168,217 155,085 13,132 65,340 62,924 2,416

1981 ............................... 232,460 217,152 15,308 166,991 154,269 12,722 65,469 62,883 2,586

1982 ............................... 228,371 212,017 16,354 165,871 151,472 14,399 62,500 60,545 1,955

1983 ............................... 234,446 217,909 16,537 170,051 155,665 14,386 64,395 62,244 2,151

1984 ............................... 227,519 212,844 14,675 164,116 151,289 12,827 63,403 61,555 1,848

1985 ............................... 225,801 210,648 15,153 163,677 150,002 13,675 62,124 60,646 1,478

1986 ............................... 223,275 207,231 16,044 162,048 147,631 14,417 61,227 59,600 1,627

1987 ............................... 227,994 211,654 16,340 165,486 150,560 14,926 62,508 61,094 1,414

1988 ............................... 239,755 223,250 16,505 173,672 158,606 15,066 66,083 64,644 1,439

1989 ............................... 249,096 232,890 16,206 181,151 166,481 14,670 67,945 66,409 1,536

1990 1 ............................. 257,152 240,497 16,655 187,046 171,969 15,077 70,106 68,528 1,578

1991 ............................... 269,335 252,093 17,242 197,847 182,204 15,643 71,488 69,889 1,599

1992 ............................... 279,541 261,089 18,452 204,966 188,143 16,823 74,575 72,946 1,629

1993 ............................... 282,856 262,430 20,426 208,197 189,032 19,165 74,659 73,398 1,261

1994 2 ............................. 280,071 259,997 20,074 206,520 187,735 18,785 73,551 72,262 1,289

Enrollment at historically black colleges and universities as a percent of total enrollment in all institutions 3

1976 ............................... 2.02 2.90 0.41 1.81 2.93 0.35 2.79 2.84 2.00

1977 ............................... 2.00 2.90 0.40 1.80 2.94 0.34 2.76 2.80 1.98

1978 ............................... 2.02 2.93 0.40 1.86 3.06 0.34 2.61 2.65 1.99

1979 ............................... 1.99 2.91 0.38 1.84 3.08 0.32 2.52 2.57 1.75

1980 ............................... 1.93 2.88 0.34 1.78 3.02 0.30 2.48 2.58 1.22

1981 ............................... 1.88 2.84 0.32 1.73 2.99 0.28 2.40 2.53 1.10

1982 ............................... 1.84 2.77 0.34 1.71 2.93 0.32 2.29 2.44 0.78

1983 ............................... 1.88 2.81 0.35 1.76 2.98 0.32 2.31 2.47 0.81

1984 ............................... 1.86 2.76 0.32 1.73 2.91 0.30 2.29 2.45 0.73

1985 ............................... 1.84 2.73 0.33 1.73 2.88 0.32 2.24 2.42 0.57

1986 ............................... 1.79 2.65 0.34 1.67 2.79 0.33 2.19 2.36 0.61

1987 ............................... 1.79 2.65 0.34 1.66 2.77 0.33 2.24 2.39 0.60

1988 ............................... 1.84 2.73 0.34 1.71 2.86 0.33 2.28 2.45 0.55

1989 ............................... 1.84 2.78 0.31 1.71 2.92 0.30 2.29 2.47 0.57

1990 1 ............................. 1.86 2.80 0.32 1.72 2.94 0.30 2.36 2.51 0.65

1991 ............................... 1.88 2.90 0.31 1.75 3.09 0.29 2.34 2.49 0.65

1992 ............................... 1.93 2.98 0.32 1.80 3.19 0.31 2.40 2.55 0.68

1993 ............................... 1.98 3.00 0.37 1.86 3.23 0.36 2.40 2.54 0.55

1994 2 ............................. 1.96 2.97 0.36 1.85 3.22 0.35 2.34 2.47 0.58

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3Percentages are based on total enrollment with imputations.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),

‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 19

Table 3.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution, and sex:

1976 to 1994

Year

All institutions Public 4-year Public 2-year Private 4-year Private 2-year

Total Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1976 ..................... 222,613 104,669 117,944 66,122 77,406 7,664 5,644 29,514 33,634 1,369 1,260

1977 ..................... 226,062 104,178 121,884 66,405 79,045 6,843 6,530 29,554 34,894 1,376 1,415

1978 ..................... 227,797 104,216 123,581 68,034 82,134 6,933 6,136 27,767 33,716 1,482 1,595

1979 ..................... 230,124 105,494 124,630 69,555 83,584 7,058 6,118 27,535 33,473 1,346 1,455

1980 ..................... 233,557 106,387 127,170 70,236 84,849 6,758 6,374 28,352 34,572 1,041 1,375

1981 ..................... 232,460 106,033 126,427 69,992 84,277 6,731 5,991 28,154 34,729 1,156 1,430

1982 ..................... 228,371 104,897 123,474 69,033 82,439 7,765 6,634 27,216 33,329 883 1,072

1983 ..................... 234,446 106,884 127,562 70,522 85,143 7,325 7,061 28,243 34,001 794 1,357

1984 ..................... 227,519 102,823 124,696 68,393 82,896 6,313 6,514 27,431 34,124 686 1,162

1985 ..................... 225,801 100,698 125,103 66,695 83,307 6,833 6,842 26,587 34,059 583 895

1986 ..................... 223,275 97,523 125,752 64,086 83,545 6,859 7,558 26,021 33,579 557 1,070

1987 ..................... 227,994 97,085 130,909 63,926 86,634 7,199 7,727 25,501 35,593 459 955

1988 ..................... 239,755 100,561 139,194 66,097 92,509 6,772 8,294 27,219 37,425 473 966

1989 ..................... 249,096 102,484 146,612 68,383 98,098 6,319 8,351 27,284 39,125 498 1,038

1990 1 ................... 257,152 105,157 151,995 70,220 101,749 6,321 8,756 28,054 40,474 562 1,016

1991 ..................... 269,335 110,442 158,893 74,650 107,554 6,477 9,166 28,767 41,122 548 1,051

1992 ..................... 279,541 114,622 164,919 77,207 110,936 6,972 9,851 29,935 43,011 508 1,121

1993 ..................... 282,856 116,397 166,459 77,823 111,209 8,091 11,074 30,028 43,370 455 806

1994 2 ................... 280,071 114,006 166,065 76,654 111,081 7,778 11,007 29,108 43,154 466 823

Percentage distribution of enrollment in historically black colleges and universities

1976 ..................... 100.0 47.0 53.0 29.7 34.8 3.4 2.5 13.3 15.1 0.6 0.6

1977 ..................... 100.0 46.1 53.9 29.4 35.0 3.0 2.9 13.1 15.4 0.6 0.6

1978 ..................... 100.0 45.7 54.3 29.9 36.1 3.0 2.7 12.2 14.8 0.7 0.7

1979 ..................... 100.0 45.8 54.2 30.2 36.3 3.1 2.7 12.0 14.5 0.6 0.6

1980 ..................... 100.0 45.6 54.4 30.1 36.3 2.9 2.7 12.1 14.8 0.4 0.6

1981 ..................... 100.0 45.6 54.4 30.1 36.3 2.9 2.6 12.1 14.9 0.5 0.6

1982 ..................... 100.0 45.9 54.1 30.2 36.1 3.4 2.9 11.9 14.6 0.4 0.5

1983 ..................... 100.0 45.6 54.4 30.1 36.3 3.1 3.0 12.0 14.5 0.3 0.6

1984 ..................... 100.0 45.2 54.8 30.1 36.4 2.8 2.9 12.1 15.0 0.3 0.5

1985 ..................... 100.0 44.6 55.4 29.5 36.9 3.0 3.0 11.8 15.1 0.3 0.4

1986 ..................... 100.0 43.7 56.3 28.7 37.4 3.1 3.4 11.7 15.0 0.2 0.5

1987 ..................... 100.0 42.6 57.4 28.0 38.0 3.2 3.4 11.2 15.6 0.2 0.4

1988 ..................... 100.0 41.9 58.1 27.6 38.6 2.8 3.5 11.4 15.6 0.2 0.4

1989 ..................... 100.0 41.1 58.9 27.5 39.4 2.5 3.4 11.0 15.7 0.2 0.4

1990 1 ................... 100.0 40.9 59.1 27.3 39.6 2.5 3.4 10.9 15.7 0.2 0.4

1991 ..................... 100.0 41.0 59.0 27.7 39.9 2.4 3.4 10.7 15.3 0.2 0.4

1992 ..................... 100.0 41.0 59.0 27.6 39.7 2.5 3.5 10.7 15.4 0.2 0.4

1993 ..................... 100.0 41.2 58.8 27.5 39.3 2.9 3.9 10.6 15.3 0.2 0.3

1994 2 ................... 100.0 40.7 59.3 27.4 39.7 2.8 3.9 10.4 15.4 0.2 0.3

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),

‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
20 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 4.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution and race/

ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994

Type and control of institution and

race/ethnicity of student

Enrollment

1976 1980 1984 1988 1990 1 1991 1992 1993 1994 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All students

Total .......................................................................................................... 222,613 233,557 227,519 239,755 257,152 269,335 279,541 282,856 280,071

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 21,040 24,362 26,202 30,733 34,416 36,402 36,303 37,163 35,963

Total minority ................................................................................................... 194,626 196,601 186,769 200,086 214,775 225,267 236,077 239,090 238,154

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 190,305 190,989 180,803 194,151 208,682 218,366 228,963 231,198 230,162

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 3,442 3,771 4,230 4,122 3,921 4,368 4,429 4,954 5,012

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 649 1,397 1,458 1,503 1,836 2,143 2,202 2,435 2,429

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 230 444 278 310 336 390 483 503 551

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 6,947 12,594 14,548 8,936 7,961 7,666 7,161 6,603 5,954

4-year

Total .......................................................................................................... 206,676 218,009 212,844 223,250 240,497 252,093 261,089 262,431 259,997

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 18,664 21,528 23,761 27,439 30,825 32,533 31,944 31,677 30,875

Total minority ................................................................................................... 181,232 184,066 174,662 186,968 201,776 211,992 222,090 224,268 223,321

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 179,848 181,237 171,401 183,402 197,857 207,449 217,614 219,431 218,565

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 581 1,079 1,653 1,886 1,873 2,143 1,976 2,136 2,099

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 608 1,347 1,367 1,399 1,738 2,037 2,061 2,273 2,234

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 195 403 241 281 308 363 439 428 423

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 6,780 12,415 14,421 8,843 7,896 7,568 7,055 6,486 5,801

Public ............................................................................................................... 143,528 155,085 151,289 158,606 171,969 182,204 188,143 189,032 187,735

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 17,410 20,586 22,767 26,190 28,893 30,301 30,262 30,072 29,225

Total minority ................................................................................................ 122,894 126,362 118,958 127,202 138,068 146,991 153,316 154,686 154,440

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 121,851 124,236 116,845 124,438 134,924 143,411 149,754 150,867 150,682

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 426 639 970 1,324 1,428 1,621 1,601 1,685 1,655

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 464 1,125 927 1,185 1,421 1,633 1,618 1,751 1,736

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 153 362 216 255 295 326 343 383 367

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 3,224 8,137 9,564 5,214 5,008 4,912 4,565 4,274 4,070

Private .............................................................................................................. 63,148 62,924 61,555 64,644 68,528 69,889 72,946 73,399 72,262

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 1,254 942 994 1,249 1,932 2,232 1,682 1,605 1,650

Total minority ................................................................................................ 58,338 57,704 55,704 59,766 63,708 65,001 68,774 69,582 68,881

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 57,997 57,001 54,556 58,964 62,933 64,038 67,860 68,564 67,883

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 155 440 683 562 445 522 375 451 444

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 144 222 440 214 317 404 443 522 498

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 42 41 25 26 13 37 96 45 56

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 3,556 4,278 4,857 3,629 2,888 2,656 2,490 2,212 1,731

2-year

Total .......................................................................................................... 15,937 15,548 14,675 16,505 16,655 17,242 18,452 20,425 20,074

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 2,376 2,834 2,441 3,294 3,591 3,869 4,359 5,486 5,088

Total minority ................................................................................................... 13,394 12,535 12,107 13,118 12,999 13,275 13,987 14,822 14,833

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 10,457 9,752 9,402 10,749 10,825 10,917 11,349 11,767 11,597

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 2,861 2,692 2,577 2,236 2,048 2,225 2,453 2,818 2,913

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 41 50 91 104 98 106 141 162 195

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 35 41 37 29 28 27 44 75 128

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 167 179 127 93 65 98 106 117 153

Public ............................................................................................................... 13,308 13,132 12,827 15,066 15,077 15,643 16,823 19,164 18,785

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 2,344 2,822 2,439 3,279 3,585 3,795 4,281 5,479 5,083

Total minority ................................................................................................ 10,844 10,203 10,303 11,712 11,454 11,786 12,469 13,632 13,647

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 7,919 7,425 7,600 9,348 9,280 9,453 9,831 10,577 10,416

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 2,858 2,688 2,577 2,236 2,048 2,203 2,453 2,818 2,909

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 33 49 89 99 98 105 141 162 194

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 34 41 37 29 28 25 44 75 128

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 120 107 85 75 38 62 73 53 55

Private .............................................................................................................. 2,629 2,416 1,848 1,439 1,578 1,599 1,629 1,261 1,289

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 32 12 2 15 6 74 78 7 5

Total minority ................................................................................................ 2,550 2,332 1,804 1,406 1,545 1,489 1,518 1,190 1,186

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 2,538 2,327 1,802 1,401 1,545 1,464 1,518 1,190 1,181

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 3 4 — — — 22 — — 4

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 8 1 2 5— 1—— 1

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 1 ———— 2———

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 47 72 42 18 27 36 33 64 98
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 21

Table 4.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution and race/

ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994—Continued

Type and control of institution and

race/ethnicity of student

Percentage distribution by type and control

1976 1980 1984 1988 1990 1 1991 1992 1993 1994 2

1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

All students

Total .......................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 9.5 10.4 11.5 12.8 13.4 13.5 13.0 13.1 12.8

Total minority ................................................................................................... 87.4 84.2 82.1 83.5 83.5 83.6 84.5 84.5 85.0

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 85.5 81.8 79.5 81.0 81.2 81.1 81.9 81.7 82.2

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 3.1 5.4 6.4 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.1

4-year

Total .......................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 9.0 9.9 11.2 12.3 12.8 12.9 12.2 12.1 11.9

Total minority ................................................................................................... 87.7 84.4 82.1 83.7 83.9 84.1 85.1 85.5 85.9

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 87.0 83.1 80.5 82.2 82.3 82.3 83.3 83.6 84.1

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 3.3 5.7 6.8 4.0 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.2

Public ............................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 12.1 13.3 15.0 16.5 16.8 16.6 16.1 15.9 15.6

Total minority ................................................................................................ 85.6 81.5 78.6 80.2 80.3 80.7 81.5 81.8 82.3

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 84.9 80.1 77.2 78.5 78.5 78.7 79.6 79.8 80.3

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 2.2 5.2 6.3 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.2

Private .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.8 3.2 2.3 2.2 2.3

Total minority ................................................................................................ 92.4 91.7 90.5 92.5 93.0 93.0 94.3 94.8 95.3

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 91.8 90.6 88.6 91.2 91.8 91.6 93.0 93.4 93.9

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 0.1 0.1 (3) (3) (3) 0.1 0.1 (3) (3)

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 5.6 6.8 7.9 5.6 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.4

2-year

Total .......................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 14.9 18.2 16.6 20.0 21.6 22.4 23.6 26.9 25.3

Total minority ................................................................................................... 84.0 80.6 82.5 79.5 78.0 77.0 75.8 72.6 73.9

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 65.6 62.7 64.1 65.1 65.0 63.3 61.5 57.6 57.8

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 18.0 17.3 17.6 13.5 12.3 12.9 13.3 13.8 14.5

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8

Public ............................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 17.6 21.5 19.0 21.8 23.8 24.3 25.4 28.6 27.1

Total minority ................................................................................................ 81.5 77.7 80.3 77.7 76.0 75.3 74.1 71.1 72.6

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 59.5 56.5 59.3 62.0 61.6 60.4 58.4 55.2 55.4

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 21.5 20.5 20.1 14.8 13.6 14.1 14.6 14.7 15.5

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Private .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 1.2 0.5 0.1 1.0 0.4 4.6 4.8 0.6 0.4

Total minority ................................................................................................ 97.0 96.5 97.6 97.7 97.9 93.1 93.2 94.4 92.0

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 96.5 96.3 97.5 97.4 97.9 91.6 93.2 94.4 91.6

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 0.1 0.2———————

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 0.3 (3) 0.1 0.3 — 0.1 — — —

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... (3)————————

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 1.8 3.0 2.3 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.0 5.1 7.6

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3 Less than 0.05 percent.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),

‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
22 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 5.—Fall enrollment in all institutions and historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of

institution and race/ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994

Type and control of institution and race/ethnicity of student

All institutions of higher education

(Numbers, in thousands)

1976 1980 1 1984 1988 1990 1 1991 1992 1993 1994 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All students

Total .......................................................................................................... 10,985.6 12,086.8 12,233.0 13,043.1 13,818.6 14,359.0 14,487.4 14,304.8 14,278.8

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 9,076.1 9,833.0 9,814.7 10,283.2 10,722.5 10,989.8 10,875.4 10,600.0 10,415.8

Total minority ................................................................................................... 1,690.8 1,948.8 2,083.8 2,398.8 2,704.7 2,952.8 3,164.2 3,247.7 3,406.5

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 1,033.0 1,106.8 1,075.8 1,129.6 1,247.0 1,335.4 1,392.9 1,412.8 1,448.2

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 383.8 471.7 534.9 680.0 782.4 866.6 955.0 988.8 1,056.6

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 197.9 286.4 389.5 496.7 572.4 637.2 697.0 724.4 773.9

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 76.1 83.9 83.6 92.5 102.8 113.7 119.3 121.7 127.8

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 218.7 305.0 334.6 361.2 391.5 416.4 447.7 457.1 456.5

4-year

Total .......................................................................................................... 7,106.5 7,565.4 7,706.1 8,175.0 8,578.6 8,707.1 8,765.0 8,738.9 8,749.1

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 5,999.0 6,274.5 6,300.4 6,581.6 6,768.1 6,791.0 6,744.3 6,639.5 6,565.3

Total minority ................................................................................................... 931.0 1,049.9 1,123.6 1,291.8 1,486.1 1,573.3 1,663.7 1,733.6 1,819.2

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 603.7 634.3 617.0 656.3 722.8 757.8 791.2 813.7 833.6

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 173.6 216.6 246.1 296.0 358.2 382.9 410.0 432.0 462.7

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 118.7 162.1 222.4 297.4 357.2 381.5 407.5 429.4 461.8

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 35.0 36.9 38.1 42.1 47.9 51.1 54.9 58.5 61.2

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 176.5 240.9 282.1 301.5 324.3 342.8 357.0 365.9 364.5

Public ............................................................................................................... 4,892.9 5,127.6 5,196.0 5,544.0 5,848.2 5,904.7 5,900.0 5,851.8 5,825.2

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 4,120.2 4,243.0 4,229.9 4,454.8 4,605.6 4,597.4 4,531.6 4,432.9 4,355.0

Total minority ................................................................................................ 666.7 740.8 795.9 907.7 1,046.2 1,101.7 1,155.8 1,202.1 1,256.7

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 421.8 438.2 426.7 448.5 495.1 516.2 535.5 548.2 561.4

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 129.3 156.4 178.8 215.8 262.5 278.7 295.2 311.5 332.6

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 87.5 117.2 160.3 210.2 250.6 266.2 281.9 296.6 315.3

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 28.2 29.0 30.1 33.3 38.0 40.6 43.0 45.9 47.5

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 106.0 143.8 170.1 181.4 196.4 205.6 212.6 216.7 213.4

Private .............................................................................................................. 2,213.6 2,437.8 2,510.2 2,631.0 2,730.3 2,802.3 2,865.0 2,887.2 2,923.9

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 1,878.8 2,031.5 2,070.5 2,126.8 2,162.5 2,193.5 2,212.6 2,206.6 2,210.3

Total minority ................................................................................................ 264.3 309.2 327.7 384.1 439.8 471.5 507.9 531.5 562.5

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 182.0 196.1 190.4 207.8 227.7 241.5 255.7 265.6 272.2

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 44.3 60.2 67.3 80.2 95.7 104.2 114.8 120.4 130.1

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 31.2 44.9 62.1 87.2 106.6 115.3 125.6 132.8 146.5

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 6.8 7.9 7.9 8.8 9.9 10.6 11.8 12.6 13.6

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 70.5 97.1 112.0 120.1 127.9 137.2 144.4 149.1 151.1

2-year

Total .......................................................................................................... 3,879.1 4,521.4 4,526.9 4,868.1 5,240.1 5,651.9 5,722.4 5,565.9 5,529.7

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 3,077.1 3,558.5 3,514.3 3,701.5 3,954.3 4,198.8 4,131.2 3,960.6 3,850.5

Total minority ................................................................................................... 759.8 898.9 960.1 1,106.9 1,218.6 1,379.6 1,500.6 1,514.1 1,587.3

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 429.3 472.5 458.7 473.3 524.3 577.6 601.6 599.0 614.6

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 210.2 255.1 288.8 383.9 424.2 483.7 545.0 556.8 593.9

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 79.2 124.3 167.1 199.3 215.2 255.7 289.5 295.0 312.1

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 41.2 47.0 45.5 50.4 54.9 62.6 64.4 63.2 66.6

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 42.2 64.1 52.5 59.6 67.1 73.5 90.6 91.2 91.9

Public ............................................................................................................... 3,748.1 4,328.8 4,260.4 4,612.4 4,996.5 5,404.8 5,484.6 5,337.3 5,308.5

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 2,974.3 3,413.1 3,312.5 3,509.0 3,779.8 4,024.8 3,961.2 3,793.7 3,690.1

Total minority ................................................................................................ 734.5 855.4 899.0 1,047.0 1,153.0 1,310.3 1,436.4 1,456.0 1,530.0

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 409.5 437.9 417.3 432.6 481.4 537.2 565.0 566.1 582.7

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 207.5 249.8 277.3 371.1 408.9 463.4 527.1 539.8 577.1

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 78.2 122.5 162.4 195.5 210.3 250.1 284.0 289.7 306.4

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 39.3 45.2 42.0 47.8 52.4 59.6 60.3 60.5 63.7

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 39.2 60.3 48.9 56.4 63.6 69.7 86.9 87.6 88.4

Private .............................................................................................................. 131.0 192.6 266.4 255.7 243.6 247.1 237.8 228.5 221.2

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 102.8 145.4 201.8 192.6 174.5 174.0 170.0 166.9 160.3

Total minority ................................................................................................ 25.3 43.5 61.2 60.0 65.6 69.3 64.1 58.1 57.3

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 19.8 34.6 41.4 40.7 42.9 40.4 36.6 32.9 31.9

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 2.6 5.3 11.6 12.9 15.3 20.3 17.9 17.1 16.7

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 0.9 1.8 4.7 3.8 4.9 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.7

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 1.8 1.8 3.5 2.7 2.5 3.0 4.1 2.7 3.0

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 3.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 23

Table 5.—Fall enrollment in all institutions and historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of

institution and race/ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994—Continued

Type and control of institution and

race/ethnicity of student

Enrollment in historically black colleges and universities as a percent of total enrollment

1976 1980 1 1984 1988 1990 1 1991 1992 1993 1994 2

1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

All students

Total .......................................................................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Total minority ................................................................................................... 11.5 10.1 9.0 8.3 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.0

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 18.4 17.3 16.8 17.2 16.7 16.4 16.4 16.4 15.9

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 3.2 4.1 4.3 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3

4-year

Total .......................................................................................................... 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Total minority ................................................................................................... 19.5 17.5 15.5 14.5 13.6 13.5 13.3 12.9 12.3

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 29.8 28.6 27.8 27.9 27.4 27.4 27.5 27.0 26.2

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 3.8 5.2 5.1 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6

Public ............................................................................................................... 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Total minority ................................................................................................ 18.4 17.1 14.9 14.0 13.2 13.3 13.3 12.9 12.3

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 28.9 28.4 27.4 27.7 27.3 27.8 28.0 27.5 26.8

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 0.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 3.0 5.7 5.6 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9

Private .............................................................................................................. 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 0.1 (3) (3) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Total minority ................................................................................................ 22.1 18.7 17.0 15.6 14.5 13.8 13.5 13.1 12.2

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 31.9 29.1 28.7 28.4 27.6 26.5 26.5 25.8 24.9

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 5.0 4.4 4.3 3.0 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.1

2-year

Total .......................................................................................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

White, non-Hispanic ......................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Total minority ................................................................................................... 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

Black, non-Hispanic ...................................................................................... 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9

Hispanic ........................................................................................................ 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Asian or Pacific Islander .............................................................................. 0.1 (3) 0.1 0.1 (3) (3) (3) 0.1 0.1

American Indian/Alaskan Native .................................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (3) 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nonresident alien ............................................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Public ............................................................................................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Total minority ................................................................................................ 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... (3) (3) 0.1 0.1 (3) (3) (3) 0.1 0.1

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (3) 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Private .............................................................................................................. 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

White, non-Hispanic ..................................................................................... (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)

Total minority ................................................................................................ 10.1 5.4 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.1

Black, non-Hispanic .................................................................................. 12.8 6.7 4.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.7

Hispanic .................................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 — — — 0.1 — — (3)

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................................................................... 0.9 0.1 (3) 0.1 — (3)——(3)

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............................................................... 0.1 — — — — 0.1 — — —

Nonresident alien ......................................................................................... 1.6 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.8 2.7

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3 Less than 0.05 percent.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),

‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
24 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 6.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by level, sex, and race/ethnicity of student:

1976 to 1994

Type and control of institution and

race/ethnicity of student

Year

1976 1980 1984 1988 1990 1 1991 1992 1993 1994 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All students

Total .............................................................. 222,613 233,557 227,519 239,755 257,152 269,335 279,541 282,856 280,071

Men ............................................................ 104,669 106,387 102,823 100,561 105,157 110,442 114,622 116,397 114,006

Women ...................................................... 117,944 127,170 124,696 139,194 151,995 158,893 164,919 166,459 166,065

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 21,040 24,362 26,202 30,733 34,416 36,402 36,303 37,163 35,963

Men ..................................................... 11,654 11,638 11,873 13,160 14,271 15,133 14,971 15,565 14,898

Women ............................................... 9,386 12,724 14,329 17,573 20,145 21,269 21,332 21,598 21,065

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 190,305 190,989 180,803 194,151 208,682 218,366 228,963 231,198 230,162

Men ..................................................... 84,492 81,818 76,819 78,268 82,897 87,380 91,949 93,110 91,908

Women ............................................... 105,813 109,171 103,984 115,883 125,785 130,986 137,014 138,088 138,254

Hispanic ................................................. 3,442 3,771 4,230 4,122 3,921 4,368 4,429 4,954 5,012

Men ..................................................... 2,589 2,499 2,498 2,233 1,994 2,160 2,200 2,479 2,395

Women ............................................... 853 1,272 1,732 1,889 1,927 2,208 2,229 2,475 2,617

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................ 649 1,397 1,458 1,503 1,836 2,143 2,202 2,435 2,429

Men ..................................................... 458 947 956 930 1,089 1,209 1,226 1,295 1,255

Women ............................................... 191 450 502 573 747 934 976 1,140 1,174

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............ 230 444 278 310 336 390 483 503 551

Men ..................................................... 126 221 133 130 133 146 204 214 244

Women ............................................... 104 223 145 180 203 244 279 289 307

Nonresident alien ................................... 6,947 12,594 14,548 8,936 7,961 7,666 7,161 6,603 5,954

Men ..................................................... 5,350 9,264 10,544 5,840 4,773 4,414 4,072 3,734 3,306

Women ............................................... 1,597 3,330 4,004 3,096 3,188 3,252 3,089 2,869 2,648

Undergraduate

Total .............................................................. 201,368 212,276 205,425 216,635 232,820 244,316 253,302 255,398 250,848

Men ............................................................ 94,739 96,633 92,922 91,142 95,967 101,023 104,595 106,169 103,295

Women ...................................................... 106,629 115,643 112,503 125,493 136,853 143,293 148,707 149,229 147,553

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 16,565 20,689 21,828 25,077 27,708 29,619 29,656 30,517 28,878

Men ..................................................... 9,429 9,962 10,052 11,077 11,937 12,737 12,580 13,293 12,445

Women ............................................... 7,136 10,727 11,776 14,000 15,771 16,882 17,076 17,224 16,433

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 175,411 176,082 166,402 179,814 194,160 203,252 213,404 213,337 210,876

Men ..................................................... 78,192 75,745 71,231 73,138 78,033 82,251 86,230 86,973 85,307

Women ............................................... 97,219 100,337 95,171 106,676 116,127 121,001 126,241 126,364 125,569

Hispanic ................................................. 3,286 3,596 4,007 3,792 3,518 3,944 4,041 4,536 4,583

Men ..................................................... 2,466 2,387 2,363 2,054 1,792 1,942 2,002 2,254 2,206

Women ............................................... 820 1,209 1,644 1,738 1,726 2,002 2,039 2,282 2,377

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................ 554 1,040 992 1,168 1,293 1,475 1,537 1,821 1,707 Men ..................................................... 394 683 595 716 755 812 840 937 847

Women ............................................... 160 357 397 452 538 663 697 884 860 American Indian/Alaskan Native ............ 207 410 245 251 293 335 418 435 478 Men ..................................................... 115 205 121 109 120 134 172 184 213

Women ............................................... 92 205 124 142 173 201 246 251 265 Nonresident alien ................................... 5,345 10,459 11,951 6,533 5,848 5,691 5,179 4,752 4,326

Men ..................................................... 4,143 7,651 8,560 4,048 3,330 3,147 2,771 2,528 2,277

Women ............................................... 1,202 2,808 3,391 2,485 2,518 2,544 2,408 2,224 2,049

Graduate

Total .............................................................. 18,287 17,582 18,397 19,768 20,692 21,234 22,312 23,349 24,867

Men ............................................................ 7,759 7,358 7,739 7,452 7,177 7,382 7,953 8,128 8,551

Women ...................................................... 10,528 10,224 10,658 12,316 13,515 13,852 14,359 15,221 16,316

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 4,008 3,170 3,749 5,059 6,069 6,097 6,016 6,020 6,378

Men ..................................................... 1,827 1,323 1,417 1,685 1,913 1,962 2,001 1,893 2,040

Women ............................................... 2,181 1,847 2,332 3,374 4,156 4,135 4,015 4,127 4,338

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 12,740 12,024 11,749 12,074 12,077 12,555 13,734 14,872 16,201

Men ..................................................... 4,792 4,277 4,125 3,905 3,626 3,861 4,374 4,726 5,145

Women ............................................... 7,948 7,747 7,624 8,169 8,451 8,694 9,360 10,146 11,056

Hispanic ................................................. 46 95 114 177 207 224 208 246 239 Men ..................................................... 31 48 52 70 78 85 78 108 97

Women ............................................... 15 47 62 107 129 139 130 138 142 Asian or Pacific Islander ........................ 79 314 405 265 461 572 563 479 548 Men ..................................................... 52 230 317 163 284 342 327 278 310

Women ............................................... 27 84 88 102 177 230 236 201 238 American Indian/Alaskan Native ............ 11 22 21 46 40 50 58 59 62 Men ..................................................... 4 7 3 12 11 10 28 22 21

Women ............................................... 7 15 18 34 29 40 30 37 41

Nonresident alien ................................... 1,403 1,957 2,359 2,147 1,838 1,736 1,733 1,673 1,439

Men ..................................................... 1,053 1,473 1,825 1,617 1,265 1,122 1,145 1,101 938

Women ............................................... 350 484 534 530 573 614 588 572 501

First-professional

Total .............................................................. 2,958 3,699 3,697 3,352 3,640 3,785 3,927 4,109 4,356

Men ............................................................ 2,171 2,396 2,162 1,967 2,013 2,037 2,074 2,100 2,160

Women ...................................................... 787 1,303 1,535 1,385 1,627 1,748 1,853 2,009 2,196

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 467 503 625 597 639 686 631 626 707

Men ..................................................... 398 353 404 398 421 434 390 379 413

Women ............................................... 69 150 221 199 218 252 241 247 294

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 2,154 2,883 2,652 2,263 2,445 2,559 2,758 2,989 3,085

Men ..................................................... 1,508 1,796 1,463 1,225 1,238 1,268 1,345 1,411 1,456

Women ............................................... 646 1,087 1,189 1,038 1,207 1,291 1,413 1,578 1,629

Hispanic ................................................. 110 80 109 153 196 200 180 172 190

Men ..................................................... 92 64 83 109 124 133 120 117 92

Women ............................................... 18 16 26 44 72 67 60 55 98

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................ 16 43 61 70 82 96 102 135 174

Men ..................................................... 12 34 44 51 50 55 59 80 98

Women ............................................... 4 9 17 19 32 41 43 55 76

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............ 12 12 12 13 3 5 7 9 11

Men ..................................................... 7 9 9 9 2 2 4 8 10

Women ............................................... 5 3 3 4 1 3 3 1 1

Nonresident alien ................................... 199 178 238 256 275 239 249 178 189

Men ..................................................... 154 140 159 175 178 145 156 105 91

Women ............................................... 45 38 79 81 97 94 93 73 98
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 25

Table 6.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by level, sex, and race/ethnicity of student:

1976 to 1994—Continued

Type and control of institution and

race/ethnicity of student

Percentage distribution by level enrolled

1976 1980 1984 1988 1990 1 1991 1992 1993 1994 2

1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

All students

Total .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Men ............................................................ 47.0 45.6 45.2 41.9 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.2 40.7

Women ...................................................... 53.0 54.4 54.8 58.1 59.1 59.0 59.0 58.8 59.3

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 9.5 10.4 11.5 12.8 13.4 13.5 13.0 13.1 12.8

Men ..................................................... 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.3

Women ............................................... 4.2 5.4 6.3 7.3 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.5

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 85.5 81.8 79.5 81.0 81.2 81.1 81.9 81.7 82.2

Men ..................................................... 38.0 35.0 33.8 32.6 32.2 32.4 32.9 32.9 32.8

Women ............................................... 47.5 46.7 45.7 48.3 48.9 48.6 49.0 48.8 49.4

Hispanic ................................................. 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8

Men ..................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Women ............................................... 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................ 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Men ..................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

Women ............................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............ 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Men ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Women ............................................... (3) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Nonresident alien ................................... 3.1 5.4 6.4 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.1

Men ..................................................... 2.4 4.0 4.6 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2

Women ............................................... 0.7 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9

Undergraduate

Total .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.4 100.0 100.0

Men ............................................................ 47.0 45.5 45.2 42.1 41.2 41.3 41.3 41.6 41.2

Women ...................................................... 53.0 54.5 54.8 57.9 58.8 58.7 58.7 58.4 58.8

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 8.2 9.7 10.6 11.6 11.9 12.1 11.7 11.9 11.5

Men ..................................................... 4.7 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0

Women ............................................... 3.5 5.1 5.7 6.5 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.6

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 87.1 82.9 81.0 83.0 83.4 83.2 84.2 83.5 84.1

Men ..................................................... 38.8 35.7 34.7 33.8 33.5 33.7 34.0 34.1 34.0

Women ............................................... 48.3 47.3 46.3 49.2 49.9 49.5 49.8 49.5 50.1

Hispanic ................................................. 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8

Men ..................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Women ............................................... 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................ 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Men ..................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Women ............................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............ 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Men ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Women ............................................... (3) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Nonresident alien ................................... 2.7 4.9 5.8 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.7

Men ..................................................... 2.1 3.6 4.2 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9

Women ............................................... 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8

Graduate

Total .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Men ............................................................ 42.4 41.8 42.1 37.7 34.7 34.8 35.6 34.8 34.4

Women ...................................................... 57.6 58.2 57.9 62.3 65.3 65.2 64.4 65.2 65.6

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 21.9 18.0 20.4 25.6 29.3 28.7 27.0 25.8 25.6

Men ..................................................... 10.0 7.5 7.7 8.5 9.2 9.2 9.0 8.1 8.2

Women ............................................... 11.9 10.5 12.7 17.1 20.1 19.5 18.0 17.7 17.4

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 69.7 68.4 63.9 61.1 58.4 59.1 61.6 63.7 65.2

Men ..................................................... 26.2 24.3 22.4 19.8 17.5 18.2 19.6 20.2 20.7

Women ............................................... 43.5 44.1 41.4 41.3 40.8 40.9 42.0 43.5 44.5

Hispanic ................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0

Men ..................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4

Women ............................................... 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................ 0.4 1.8 2.2 1.3 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.2

Men ..................................................... 0.3 1.3 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.2

Women ............................................... 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Men ..................................................... (3) (3) (3) 0.1 0.1 (3) 0.1 0.1 0.1

Women ............................................... (3) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nonresident alien ................................... 7.7 11.1 12.8 10.9 8.9 8.2 7.8 7.2 5.8

Men ..................................................... 5.8 8.4 9.9 8.2 6.1 5.3 5.1 4.7 3.8

Women ............................................... 1.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.0

First-professional

Total .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Men ............................................................ 73.4 64.8 58.5 58.7 55.3 53.8 52.8 51.1 49.6

Women ...................................................... 26.6 35.2 41.5 41.3 44.7 46.2 47.2 48.9 50.4

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 15.8 13.6 16.9 17.8 17.6 18.1 16.1 15.2 16.2

Men ..................................................... 13.5 9.5 10.9 11.9 11.6 11.5 9.9 9.2 9.5

Women ............................................... 2.3 4.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.7 6.1 6.0 6.7

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 72.8 77.9 71.7 67.5 67.2 67.6 70.2 72.7 70.8

Men ..................................................... 51.0 48.6 39.6 36.5 34.0 33.5 34.3 34.3 33.4

Women ............................................... 21.8 29.4 32.2 31.0 33.2 34.1 36.0 38.4 37.4

Hispanic ................................................. 3.7 2.2 2.9 4.6 5.4 5.3 4.6 4.2 4.4

Men ..................................................... 3.1 1.7 2.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.8 2.1

Women ............................................... 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.2

Asian or Pacific Islander ........................ 0.5 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.3 4.0

Men ..................................................... 0.4 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.9 2.2

Women ............................................... 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.7

American Indian/Alaskan Native ............ 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Men ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Women ............................................... 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 (3) 0.1 0.1 (3) (3)

Nonresident alien ................................... 6.7 4.8 6.4 7.6 7.6 6.3 6.3 4.3 4.3

Men ..................................................... 5.2 3.8 4.3 5.2 4.9 3.8 4.0 2.6 2.1

Women ............................................... 1.5 1.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.4 1.8 2.2

1 Data have been revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3 Less than 0.05 percent.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),

‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
26 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 7.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by institution and level of

enrollment: 1990 and 1994

Institution State

1990 1 1994 2

Total Undergraduate Graduate Firstprofessional Total Undergraduate Graduate Firstprofessional

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total .............................................................. — 257,152 232,820 20,692 3,640 280,071 250,848 24,867 4,356

Alabama A&M University .................................. AL 4,886 3,701 1,185 — 5,543 4,129 1,414 —

Alabama State University ................................. AL 4,587 4,178 409 — 5,037 4,590 447 —

Bishop State Community College 3 .................. AL 2,057 2,057 — — 4,511 4,511 — —

C.A. Fredd State Technical College ................. AL 279 279 — — 190 190 — —

Carver State Technical College 3 ..................... AL 535 535 — — — — — —

Concordia College ............................................ AL 380 380 — — 435 435 — —

J.F. Drake State Technical College .................. AL 852 852 — — 768 768 — —

Lawson State Community College ................... AL 1,711 1,711 — — 1,920 1,920 — —

Miles College .................................................... AL 584 584 — — 1,068 1,068 — —

Oakwood College ............................................. AL 1,266 1,266 — — 1,534 1,534 — —

Selma University ............................................... AL 204 204 — — 206 206 — —

Stillman College ................................................ AL 770 770 — — 913 913 — —

Talladega College ............................................. AL 667 666 1 — 976 976 — —

Trenholm State Technical College ................... AL 783 783 — — 785 785 — —

Tuskegee University ......................................... AL 3,510 3,166 130 214 3,322 2,923 186 213

Arkansas Baptist College ................................. AR 291 291 — — 225 225 — —

Philander Smith College ................................... AR 594 594 — — 841 841 — —

Shorter College ................................................. AR 135 135 — — 282 282 — —

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff .................... AR 3,672 3,666 6 — 3,823 3,696 127 —

Delaware State University ................................ DE 2,606 2,343 263 — 3,381 3,108 273 —

Howard University ............................................. DC 11,101 8,455 1,558 1,088 10,115 6,970 1,800 1,345

University of the District of Columbia ............... DC 11,990 11,280 710 — 10,599 10,004 595 —

Bethune Cookman College ............................... FL 2,342 2,341 1 — 2,345 2,345 — —

Edward Waters College .................................... FL 597 597 — — 782 782 — —

Florida A&M University ..................................... FL 8,344 7,915 402 27 10,084 9,382 629 73

Florida Memorial College .................................. FL 2,251 2,251 — — 1,320 1,320 — —

Albany State College ........................................ GA 2,405 2,146 259 — 3,062 2,759 303 —

Clark Atlanta University .................................... GA 3,508 2,539 969 — 5,193 3,914 1,279 —

Fort Valley State College .................................. GA 2,158 1,933 225 — 2,823 2,381 442 —

Interdenominational Theological Center ........... GA 294 — 14 280 398 — 39 359

Morehouse College ........................................... GA 2,720 2,720 — — 2,992 2,992 — —

Morehouse School of Medicine ........................ GA 145 — — 145 164 — 11 153

Morris Brown College ....................................... GA 2,049 2,049 — — 1,894 1,894 — —

Paine College ................................................... GA 582 582 — — 721 721 — —

Savannah State College ................................... GA 2,319 2,213 106 — 3,253 3,253 — —

Spelman College .............................................. GA 1,710 1,710 — — 1,977 1,977 — —

Kentucky State University ................................. KY 2,506 2,419 87 — 2,563 2,496 67 —

Dillard University ............................................... LA 1,998 1,998 — — 1,675 1,675 — —

Grambling State University ............................... LA 6,485 5,896 589 — 7,610 6,782 828 —

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge ................................................. LA 8,941 7,795 781 365 9,904 8,619 963 322

Southern University, New Orleans ................... LA 4,064 3,917 147 — 4,302 4,008 294 —

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus .................................................. LA 1,020 1,020 — — 1,267 1,267 — —

Xavier University of Louisiana .......................... LA 2,943 2,624 301 18 3,463 2,973 271 219

Bowie State University ...................................... MD 4,188 2,879 1,309 — 4,896 3,238 1,658 —

Coppin State College ........................................ MD 2,578 2,325 253 — 3,380 2,956 424 —

Morgan State University ................................... MD 4,693 4,163 530 — 5,766 5,356 410 —

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore ............. MD 2,067 1,925 142 — 2,925 2,691 234 —

Lewis College of Business ............................... MI 233 233 — — 245 245 — —

Alcorn State University ..................................... MS 2,863 2,640 223 — 2,742 2,555 187 —

Coahoma Community College .......................... MS 1,351 1,351 — — 969 969 — —

Hinds Community College, Utica Campus ....... MS 668 668 — — 964 964 — —

Jackson State University .................................. MS 6,837 5,793 1,044 — 6,224 5,250 974 —

Mary Holmes College ....................................... MS 742 742 — — 327 327 — —

Mississippi Valley State University ................... MS 1,873 1,868 5 — 2,182 2,169 13 —

Rust College ..................................................... MS 1,021 1,021 — — 1,055 1,055 — —

Tougaloo College .............................................. MS 956 956 — — 1,105 1,105 — —

Harris-Stowe State College .............................. MO 1,973 1,973 — — 1,757 1,757 — —

Lincoln University .............................................. MO 3,619 3,242 377 — 3,512 3,149 363 —

Barber-Scotia College ....................................... NC 422 422 — — 432 432 — —

Bennett College ................................................ NC 586 586 — — 655 655 — —

Elizabeth City State University ......................... NC 1,746 1,746 — — 2,099 2,099 — —

Fayetteville State University ............................. NC 3,337 2,630 707 — 4,109 3,268 841 —

Johnson C Smith University ............................. NC 1,182 1,182 — — 1,413 1,413 — —

Livingstone College .......................................... NC 682 682 — — 836 777 10 49
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 27

Table 7.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by institution and level of

enrollment: 1990 and 1994—Continued

Institution State

1990 1 1994 2

Total Undergraduate Graduate Firstprofessional Total Undergraduate Graduate Firstprofessional

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical

State University ............................................. NC 6,595 5,726 869 — 8,136 7,124 1,012 —

North Carolina Central University ..................... NC 5,482 4,182 975 325 5,692 4,257 1,119 316

St. Augustine’s College .................................... NC 1,900 1,900 — — 1,673 1,673 — —

Shaw University ................................................ NC 1,846 1,846 — — 2,432 2,432 — —

Winston-Salem State University ....................... NC 2,517 2,517 — — 2,915 2,915 — —

Central State University .................................... OH 2,886 2,886 — — 2,763 2,722 41 —

Wilberforce University ....................................... OH 809 809 — — 976 976 — —

Langston University .......................................... OK 2,792 2,753 39 — 3,408 3,349 59 —

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ................ PA 1,738 1,330 408 — 1,357 1,084 273 —

Lincoln University .............................................. PA 1,374 1,180 194 — 1,371 1,141 230 —

Allen University ................................................. SC 233 233 — — 256 256 — —

Benedict College ............................................... SC 1,478 1,478 — — 1,501 1,501 — —

Claflin College ................................................... SC 913 913 — — 1,023 1,023 — —

Clinton Junior College 4 .................................... SC 88 88 — — — — — —

Denmark Technical College ............................. SC 617 617 — — 840 840 — —

Morris College ................................................... SC 760 760 — — 889 889 — —

South Carolina State University ....................... SC 4,822 4,615 207 — 4,693 4,147 546 —

Voorhees College ............................................. SC 566 566 — — 716 716 — —

Fisk University .................................................. TN 911 886 25 — 872 839 33 —

Knoxville College .............................................. TN 1,266 1,266 — — 728 728 — —

Lane College ..................................................... TN 530 530 — — 667 667 — —

Le Moyne-Owen College .................................. TN 1,066 1,066 — — 1,436 1,371 65 —

Meharry Medical College .................................. TN 623 — 138 485 726 — 139 587

Tennessee State University .............................. TN 7,393 6,347 1,046 — 8,180 6,721 1,459 —

Huston-Tillotson College ................................... TX 714 714 — — 613 613 — —

Jarvis Christian College .................................... TX 598 598 — — 382 382 — —

Paul Quinn College ........................................... TX 997 997 — — 667 667 — —

Prairie View A&M University ............................. TX 4,990 4,386 604 — 5,849 4,854 995 —

St. Philip’s College ............................................ TX 5,204 5,204 — — 6,571 6,571 — —

Southwestern Christian College ....................... TX 225 225 — — 182 182 — —

Texas College ................................................... TX 478 478 — — 262 262 — —

Texas Southern University ............................... TX 9,427 7,480 1,378 569 10,078 8,456 1,071 551

Wiley College .................................................... TX 463 463 — — 584 584 — —

Hampton University .......................................... VA 5,305 4,802 503 — 5,769 5,324 445 —

Norfolk State University .................................... VA 8,008 7,078 930 — 8,667 7,252 1,415 —

St. Paul’s College ............................................. VA 574 574 — — 763 763 — —

Virginia State University ................................... VA 3,988 3,493 495 — 4,007 3,317 690 —

Virginia Union University .................................. VA 1,298 1,165 9 124 1,525 1,329 27 169

Bluefield State College ..................................... WV 2,702 2,702 — — 2,609 2,609 — —

West Virginia State College .............................. WV 4,834 4,834 — — 4,519 4,519 — —

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus ..................................... VI 1,684 1,545 139 — 1,915 1,749 166 —

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3 In 1993 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop State Community College.

4School lost accreditation in 1992.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys.

(This table was prepared February 1996.)
28 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 8.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, control, and sex:

1976 to 1994

Institution State

Year

establishedControl

1976 1980 1984

Total Women Total Women Total Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total ............................................................ — — — 222,613 117,944 233,557 127,170 227,519 124,696

**Alabama A&M University ................................ AL 1875 Public 4-year 4,564 2,246 4,380 2,104 4,109 1,838

Alabama State University 2 ............................. AL 1874 Public 4-year 4,153 2,455 4,066 2,416 3,787 2,084

Bishop State Community College 3 ................ AL 1927 Public 2-year 1,649 920 1,425 955 1,587 1,049

C. A. Fredd State Technical College .............. AL 1965 Public 2-year — — — — — —

Carver State Technical College 4 ................... AL 1962 Public 2-year — — — — — —

Concordia College 5 ........................................ AL 1922 Private 2-year 137 70 243 182 326 223

Daniel Payne College, Birmingham 6 ............. AL 1889 Private 4-year 346 165 — — — —

J.F. Drake State Technical College ................ AL 1961 Public 2-year — — — — — —

Lawson State Community College 7 ............... AL 1965 Public 2-year 1,345 870 1,056 728 1,552 902

Lomax-Hannon Junior College 8 ..................... AL 1893 Private 2-year 126 76 96 42 — —

Miles College .................................................. AL 1905 Private 4-year 1,469 739 1,014 528 582 319

Oakwood College 9 ......................................... AL 1896 Private 4-year 1,171 652 1,303 751 1,330 700

Selma University ............................................. AL 1878 Private 4-year 650 324 501 276 351 189

Stillman College 10 .......................................... AL 1876 Private 4-year 857 497 558 317 731 400

Talladega College 11 ....................................... AL 1867 Private 4-year 625 406 797 576 503 306

Trenholm State Technical College ................. AL 1966 Public 2-year — — — — — —

Tuskegee University 12 ................................... AL 1881 Private 4-year 3,571 1,797 3,736 1,930 3,275 1,668

Arkansas Baptist College ............................... AR 1901 Private 4-year 583 173 298 146 150 70

Philander Smith College ................................. AR 1877 Private 4-year 592 249 590 282 549 217

Shorter College ............................................... AR 1886 Private 2-year 199 98 164 72 78 25

**University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff 13 ............... AR 1873 Public 4-year 3,062 1,653 3,064 1,750 2,640 1,553

**Delaware State University ............................... DE 1891 Public 4-year 1,844 885 2,084 1,096 2,209 1,187

Howard University 14 ....................................... DC 1867 Private 4-year 9,815 4,708 11,321 5,845 11,454 6,197

**University of the District of Columbia 15 .......... DC 1851 Public 4-year 1,322 966 13,900 7,698 12,832 7,061

Bethune-Cookman College 16 ......................... FL 1904 Private 4-year 1,517 855 1,738 1,045 1,708 983

Edward Waters College 17 .............................. FL 1866 Private 4-year 743 417 836 548 748 444

Florida A&M University 18 ............................... FL 1877 Public 4-year 5,779 2,913 5,371 2,726 5,269 2,709

Florida Memorial College 19 ............................ FL 1879 Private 4-year 412 177 950 502 1,760 820

Albany State College ...................................... GA 1903 Public 4-year 2,222 1,289 1,555 897 1,893 1,157

Clark Atlanta University 20 .............................. GA 1989 Private 4-year — — — — — —

Atlanta University 21 ........................................ GA 1865 Private 4-year 1,177 656 1,371 706 1,023 560

Clark College 22 .............................................. GA 1869 Private 4-year 1,792 1,135 2,107 1,397 1,879 1,241

**Fort Valley State College 23 ............................. GA 1895 Public 4-year 1,869 910 1,814 983 1,837 988

Interdenominational Theological Center ......... GA 1958 Private 4-year 227 31 273 36 311 58

Morehouse College ........................................ GA 1867 Private 4-year 1,402 — 2,006 28 2,056 —

Morehouse School of Medicine 24 .................. GA 1978 Private 4-year — — — — 127 58

Morris Brown College 25 ................................. GA 1881 Private 4-year 1,579 806 1,611 983 1,086 674

Paine College ................................................. GA 1882 Private 4-year 775 472 748 473 752 512

Savannah State College 26 ............................. GA 1890 Public 4-year 2,847 1,713 2,110 1,090 2,011 1,086

Spelman College 27 ......................................... GA 1881 Private 4-year 1,289 1,289 1,366 1,366 1,604 1,604

**Kentucky State University ............................... KY 1886 Public 4-year 2,389 1,167 2,336 1,236 2,066 1,130

Dillard University 28 ......................................... LA 1869 Private 4-year 1,186 875 1,208 902 1,214 940

Grambling State University 29 ......................... LA 1901 Public 4-year 4,048 2,144 3,549 1,797 4,767 2,534

**Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge ............................................... LA 1880 Public 4-year 8,995 4,970 8,372 4,409 9,784 4,939

Southern University, New Orleans ................. LA 1959 Public 4-year 3,311 1,928 2,574 1,733 2,870 1,915

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus ............................................... LA 1964 Public 2-year 974 580 723 507 621 415

Xavier University of Louisiana 30 .................... LA 1917 Private 4-year 1,846 1,086 2,004 1,277 2,071 1,371

Bowie State University 31 ................................ MD 1865 Public 4-year 2,845 1,598 2,757 1,619 2,361 1,382

Coppin State College 32 .................................. MD 1900 Public 4-year 2,949 2,122 2,541 1,838 2,434 1,712

Morgan State University ................................. MD 1867 Public 4-year 6,254 3,333 5,050 2,851 4,208 2,254

**University of Maryland, Eastern Shore ........... MD 1886 Public 4-year 994 451 1,073 543 1,230 669

Lewis College of Business 33 .......................... MI 1874 Private 2-year 225 180 487 392 377 291

**Alcorn State University .................................... MS 1871 Public 4-year 2,603 1,476 2,341 1,346 2,395 1,359

Coahoma Community College 34 .................... MS 1949 Public 2-year 1,446 696 1,394 984 1,457 825

Hinds Community College, Utica Campus 35 . MS 1954 Public 2-year 994 544 1,005 575 640 403

Jackson State University ................................ MS 1877 Public 4-year 7,928 4,283 7,099 4,078 6,088 3,357

Mary Holmes College ..................................... MS 1892 Private 2-year 624 279 422 218 704 454

Mississippi Industrial College 36 ...................... MS 1905 Private 4-year 314 162 239 139 — —

Mississippi Valley State University ................. MS 1946 Public 4-year 3,228 1,718 2,564 1,461 2,396 1,362

Natchez Junior College 37 ............................... MS 1884 Private 2-year 19 16 — — — —

Prentiss Institute 38 ......................................... MS 1907 Private 2-year 139 80 146 83 90 45

Rust College ................................................... MS 1866 Private 4-year 883 555 715 434 870 537

Tougaloo College 39 ........................................ MS 1869 Private 4-year 810 541 886 598 775 561
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 29

Table 8.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, control, and sex:

1976 to 1994—Continued

1988 1990 1 1991 1992 1993 1994

Total Women Total Women Total Women Total Women Total Women Total Women

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

239,755 139,194 257,152 151,995 269,335 158,893 279,541 164,919 282,856 166,459 280,071 166,065

4,244 2,247 4,886 2,723 5,215 2,875 5,068 2,781 5,593 3,019 5,543 3,016

4,045 2,385 4,587 2,681 4,822 2,788 5,488 3,064 5,608 3,184 5,037 2,921

1,824 1,304 2,057 1,371 2,144 1,464 2,757 1,899 4,650 2,965 4,511 2,887

307 185 279 145 297 157 330 176 241 113 190 99

525 321 535 335 543 326 400 267 — — — —

343 271 380 284 383 292 356 245 387 280 435 311

— ———————————

694 281 852 373 805 355 870 403 825 406 768 343

1,105 737 1,711 1,041 1,959 1,230 2,041 1,279 2,307 1,491 1,920 1,180

— ———————————

616 329 584 322 732 366 751 407 868 475 1,068 563

1,233 718 1,266 727 1,244 725 1,334 788 1,451 838 1,534 915

316 134 204 82 219 84 285 115 360 152 206 80

771 520 770 534 821 566 888 617 953 654 913 616

528 356 667 388 751 429 918 536 1,027 601 976 562

703 349 783 517 746 493 761 505 945 616 785 548

3,401 1,743 3,510 1,839 3,749 1,998 3,598 1,895 3,371 1,710 3,322 1,746

268 157 291 166 306 167 311 171 315 175 225 131

594 320 594 320 776 439 938 557 915 503 841 501

151 63 135 77 133 76 161 107 209 114 282 143

3,333 2,017 3,672 2,237 3,459 2,110 3,709 2,218 4,075 2,293 3,823 2,224

2,510 1,459 2,606 1,469 2,882 1,650 2,936 1,675 3,301 1,906 3,381 1,926

11,617 6,682 11,101 6,455 10,724 6,369 10,667 6,367 10,538 6,312 10,115 6,195

11,263 6,296 11,990 6,922 11,422 6,609 11,578 6,496 10,608 6,035 10,599 6,144

1,860 1,127 2,342 1,444 2,273 1,370 2,301 1,394 2,210 1,311 2,345 1,400

597 357 597 357 657 393 627 401 786 509 782 509

6,396 3,560 8,344 4,738 9,196 5,192 9,487 5,503 9,876 5,757 10,084 5,844

2,462 1,411 2,251 1,508 1,530 1,007 1,489 924 1,579 934 1,320 840

2,104 1,357 2,405 1,581 2,746 1,752 3,106 1,981 3,257 2,104 3,062 1,976

— — 3,508 2,367 3,993 2,737 4,480 3,048 5,128 3,550 5,193 3,567

1,023 577——————————

2,128 1,426 ——————————

1,915 1,094 2,158 1,294 2,368 1,455 2,537 1,526 2,743 1,611 2,823 1,682

260 55 294 75 330 100 382 121 374 128 398 129

2,690 5 2,720 — 2,992 — 2,990 — 3,005 — 2,992 19

137 69 145 72 144 80 162 89 161 89 164 96

1,355 824 2,049 1,181 2,050 1,208 2,094 1,241 2,126 1,265 1,894 1,075

606 400 582 408 582 385 680 462 723 499 721 498

1,904 1,047 2,319 1,328 2,624 1,510 2,872 1,633 3,197 1,784 3,253 1,809

1,742 1,742 1,710 1,710 1,905 1,905 2,026 2,026 2,065 2,065 1,977 1,977

2,218 1,268 2,506 1,467 2,533 1,447 2,541 1,509 2,485 1,423 2,563 1,461

1,400 1,101 1,998 1,496 1,670 1,256 1,511 1,138 1,585 1,208 1,675 1,289

6,003 3,431 6,485 3,901 7,030 4,214 7,533 4,504 7,833 4,565 7,610 4,472

8,968 5,066 8,941 5,165 9,914 5,641 10,403 5,957 9,502 5,432 9,904 5,687

3,434 2,315 4,064 2,785 4,255 2,913 4,591 3,104 4,277 2,881 4,302 2,870

1,229 886 1,020 717 932 630 1,067 765 1,083 793 1,267 936

2,528 1,731 2,943 2,044 3,071 2,090 3,303 2,286 3,391 2,337 3,463 2,408

3,325 2,061 4,188 2,615 4,434 2,752 4,809 2,903 4,946 3,057 4,896 3,116

2,246 1,520 2,578 1,690 2,816 1,879 2,944 1,934 3,265 2,091 3,380 2,274

4,066 2,246 4,693 2,655 5,034 2,871 5,402 3,083 5,729 3,247 5,766 3,325

1,559 879 2,067 1,042 2,397 1,226 2,430 1,174 2,637 1,320 2,925 1,467

291 242 233 181 274 213 322 249 262 199 245 186

2,757 1,664 2,863 1,629 3,244 1,930 2,919 1,793 2,712 1,697 2,742 1,722

1,407 904 1,351 902 1,422 926 851 507 964 564 969 566

706 441 668 430 683 419 983 589 638 377 964 582

6,777 3,933 6,837 4,047 6,639 3,915 6,203 3,611 6,346 3,701 6,224 3,618

519 337 742 444 733 439 790 520 403 213 327 183

— ———————————

1,756 1,028 1,873 1,104 2,059 1,195 2,213 1,213 2,330 1,351 2,182 1,287

— ———————————

47 32 — — — — — — — — — —

925 607 1,021 617 1,075 689 1,132 733 1,180 780 1,055 694

794 571 956 700 1,003 705 1,131 769 1,153 764 1,105 756
30 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 8.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, control, and sex:

1976 to 1994—Continued

Institution State

Year

establishedControl

1976 1980 1984

Total Women Total Women Total Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Harris-Stowe State College 40 ........................ MO 1857 Public 4-year 1,248 862 1,175 832 1,175 809

**Lincoln University 41 ......................................... MO 1866 Public 4-year 2,341 1,037 2,651 1,202 2,951 1,544

Barber-Scotia College 42 ................................. NC 1867 Private 4-year 526 289 317 191 389 223

Bennett College 43 .......................................... NC 1873 Private 4-year 618 618 620 620 575 573

Elizabeth City State University 44 ................... NC 1891 Public 4-year 1,651 929 1,488 836 1,557 852

Fayetteville State University 45 ....................... NC 1877 Public 4-year 1,940 1,114 2,465 1,440 2,679 1,615

Johnson C Smith University ........................... NC 1867 Private 4-year 1,599 805 1,379 740 1,277 708

Livingstone College ........................................ NC 1879 Private 4-year 909 400 879 366 741 390

**North Carolina Agricultural and Technical

State University ........................................... NC 1891 Public 4-year 5,515 2,675 5,510 2,473 5,426 2,278

North Carolina Central University 46 ............... NC 1910 Public 4-year 4,782 2,849 4,910 3,013 4,552 2,835

St. Augustine’s College .................................. NC 1867 Private 4-year 1,641 997 1,861 1,063 1,716 998

Shaw University .............................................. NC 1865 Private 4-year 1,453 648 1,523 749 1,772 858

Winston-Salem State University 47 ................. NC 1892 Public 4-year 2,094 1,277 2,220 1,313 2,443 1,533

Central State University 48 .............................. OH 1887 Public 4-year 2,182 1,084 3,031 1,554 2,284 1,155

Wilberforce University 49 ................................. OH 1856 Private 4-year 1,109 493 1,082 558 915 570

**Langston University 50 ..................................... OK 1897 Public 4-year 1,128 503 1,179 497 1,802 885

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania 51 .......... PA 1837 Public 4-year 2,848 1,289 2,426 1,249 1,795 939

Lincoln University 52 ........................................ PA 1854 Public 4-year 1,104 537 1,294 665 1,167 611

Allen University 53 ........................................... SC 1870 Private 4-year 543 275 410 210 222 101

Benedict College ............................................ SC 1870 Private 4-year 1,982 1,267 1,426 914 1,495 933

Claflin College 54 ............................................. SC 1869 Private 4-year 1,005 640 739 481 653 425

Clinton Junior College 55 ................................. SC 1894 Private 2-year 208 81 116 54 95 30

Denmark Technical College 56 ........................ SC 1948 Public 2–year — — 669 317 657 347

Friendship College 57 ...................................... SC 1891 Private 2-year 193 56 343 141 — —

Morris College ................................................ SC 1908 Private 4-year 638 368 626 372 600 383

**South Carolina State University ...................... SC 1896 Public 4-year 3,678 2,127 3,929 2,192 4,226 2,449

Voorhees College 58 ....................................... SC 1897 Private 4-year 1,050 617 613 390 560 324

Fisk University 59 ............................................. TN 1867 Private 4-year 1,279 761 1,009 682 694 472

Knoxville College 60 ........................................ TN 1875 Private 4-year 837 435 557 205 560 242

Lane College 61 ............................................... TN 1882 Private 4-year 701 341 757 378 690 352

Le Moyne-Owen College 62 ............................ TN 1862 Private 4-year 1,118 677 1,063 690 844 535

Meharry Medical College 63 ............................ TN 1876 Private 4-year 886 362 817 298 715 298

Morristown College 64 ..................................... TN 1881 Private 2-year 176 79 114 45 178 94

**Tennessee State University 65 ......................... TN 1912 Public 4-year 5,480 2,919 8,318 4,435 7,646 4,394

Bishop College 66 ............................................ TX 1881 Private 4-year 1,664 694 945 273 1,107 345

Huston-Tillotson College 67 ............................. TX 1876 Private 4-year 717 268 692 290 587 191

Jarvis Christian College 68 .............................. TX 1912 Private 4-year 526 257 619 307 533 290

Paul Quinn College 69 ..................................... TX 1872 Private 4-year 537 236 438 230 355 178

**Prairie View A&M University ........................... TX 1876 Public 4-year 5,118 2,660 6,592 3,542 4,437 2,067

St. Philip’s College ......................................... TX 1927 Public 2–year 6,900 2,034 6,860 2,308 6,313 2,573

Southwestern Christian College 70 ................. TX 1949 Private 4-year 341 154 285 146 272 130

Texas College ................................................. TX 1894 Private 4-year 725 377 476 218 573 218

Texas Southern University 71 .......................... TX 1947 Public 4-year 9,170 4,350 8,100 3,564 8,910 4,352

Wiley College .................................................. TX 1873 Private 4-year 599 293 664 328 546 313

Hampton University 72 ..................................... VA 1868 Private 4-year 2,805 1,714 3,230 1,930 4,260 2,611

Norfolk State University 73 .............................. VA 1935 Public 4-year 6,956 4,074 7,286 4,324 7,233 4,239

St. Paul’s College ........................................... VA 1888 Private 4-year 626 331 645 322 697 358

Virginia College 74 ........................................... VA 1886 Private 2-year 242 91 — — — —

**Virginia State University 75 ........................... VA 1882 Public 4-year 5,229 2,963 4,668 2,645 4,108 2,254

Virginia Union University ................................ VA 1865 Private 4-year 1,424 704 1,361 682 1,298 676

Bluefield State College ................................... WV 1895 Public 4-year 1,735 774 2,742 1,456 2,597 1,548

West Virginia State College ........................... WV 1891 Public 4-year 4,001 1,813 4,353 2,413 4,295 2,267

**University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus 76 ............................... VI 1962 Public 4-year 2,122 1,350 2,148 1,533 2,820 1,994
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 31

Table 8.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, control, and sex:

1976 to 1994—Continued

1988 1990 1 1991 1992 1993 1994

Total Women Total Women Total Women Total Women Total Women Total Women

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1,725 1,327 1,973 1,464 1,980 1,419 1,978 1,505 1,898 1,368 1,757 1,231

2,743 1,617 3,619 2,200 4,101 2,448 4,030 2,388 3,623 2,180 3,512 2,076

422 233 422 233 610 326 705 353 732 348 432 230

615 615 586 586 568 568 635 635 664 663 655 654

1,641 994 1,746 1,112 1,773 1,092 2,019 1,227 2,130 1,301 2,099 1,309

2,726 1,786 3,337 2,202 3,736 2,460 3,902 2,589 4,032 2,654 4,109 2,664

1,197 694 1,182 723 1,256 758 1,278 773 1,391 834 1,413 846

558 213 682 295 646 300 677 306 704 297 836 345

6,297 3,030 6,595 3,264 7,199 3,616 7,723 3,920 8,013 4,114 8,136 4,113

5,182 3,283 5,482 3,383 5,385 3,360 5,681 3,509 5,645 3,525 5,692 3,666

1,788 1,024 1,900 1,091 1,907 1,104 1,918 1,109 1,745 1,001 1,673 973

1,507 802 1,846 994 2,149 1,225 2,483 1,429 2,504 1,458 2,432 1,429

2,532 1,555 2,517 1,558 2,637 1,656 2,728 1,773 2,909 1,856 2,915 1,928

2,515 1,358 2,886 1,543 3,266 1,711 3,236 1,668 3,068 1,617 2,763 1,410

767 485 809 541 809 521 750 473 984 627 976 604

2,308 1,303 2,792 1,619 3,112 1,816 3,315 1,909 3,439 2,021 3,408 2,013

1,361 735 1,738 942 1,477 784 1,548 850 1,519 830 1,357 729

1,251 745 1,374 817 1,458 884 1,476 879 1,445 863 1,371 835

233 118 233 118 239 121 228 90 290 140 256 101

1,448 929 1,478 994 1,422 948 2,414 1,548 1,266 784 1,501 891

742 481 913 545 934 559 1,040 569 972 616 1,023 654

88 21 88 30 76 31 — — — — — —

699 383 617 351 711 415 597 304 780 422 840 466

— ———————————

774 497 760 502 701 473 792 512 938 604 889 575

4,399 2,586 4,822 2,846 5,145 3,071 5,071 2,991 4,779 2,851 4,693 2,836

587 322 566 313 613 326 665 375 724 417 716 435

774 553 911 691 838 619 872 618 856 603 872 590

1,310 519 1,266 507 1,177 456 914 335 846 298 728 268

541 269 530 289 562 290 534 272 649 297 667 328

1,130 757 1,066 743 1,177 843 1,205 867 1,321 926 1,436 988

677 274 623 304 606 301 681 357 697 392 726 402

— ———————————

7,352 4,203 7,393 4,397 7,405 4,458 7,591 4,612 7,851 4,795 8,180 4,983

— ———————————

506 214 714 369 653 330 536 291 539 290 613 333

538 272 598 297 551 295 597 331 497 285 382 208

517 262 997 509 989 570 934 501 670 395 667 414

5,640 2,999 4,990 2,671 5,590 2,889 5,660 2,916 5,848 3,058 5,849 3,189

5,867 2,503 5,204 2,574 5,401 2,751 6,166 3,157 6,732 3,327 6,571 3,400

275 127 225 85 244 112 217 96 182 69 182 72

410 217 478 246 488 252 543 247 452 203 262 109

8,666 4,826 9,427 5,522 10,274 6,155 10,777 6,813 10,641 6,448 10,078 5,975

369 206 463 275 438 251 534 331 541 324 584 360

5,305 3,386 5,305 3,386 5,704 3,413 5,582 3,294 5,759 3,411 5,769 3,460

8,123 5,040 8,008 5,090 8,298 5,258 8,624 5,438 8,652 5,484 8,667 5,572

555 326 574 341 651 409 703 423 672 412 763 490

— ———————————

3,855 2,327 3,988 2,378 4,589 2,757 4,435 2,589 3,996 2,354 4,007 2,333

1,248 668 1,298 685 1,360 684 1,511 791 1,539 817 1,525 829

2,487 1,503 2,702 1,676 2,907 1,727 2,931 1,754 2,601 1,495 2,609 1,534

4,509 2,567 4,834 2,750 4,986 2,749 4,793 2,616 4,756 2,602 4,519 2,476

2,471 1,852 1,684 1,242 1,797 1,320 1,856 1,328 1,867 1,335 1,915 1,368
32 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Footnotes for Table 8

—Data not reported or not applicable.

**Land-grant college.

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Founded as the Lincoln Normal School, a private institution. In

1874, became first state-supported historically black college. 3Founded as the Alabama State Branch by Mrs. Fredericka

Evans and Dr. H. Council Trenholm, President of Alabama State

College. In 1936, the College began offering a two-year curriculum

as part of the parent institution, Alabama State University. In 1965,

the College became an independent junior college and the name

was changed to Mobile State Junior college. In 1971, the name

of the institution was changed to honor its first President, Dr. S.D.

Bishop. In 1993 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop State Community College. 4 In 1993 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop

State Community College. 5Formerly called Alabama Lutheran Academy and College. In

1981 changed name to Concordia College. Affiliated with the Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod. 6School closed in 1977.

7 In October 1973, Wenonah Vocational Trade School for Negroes (founded in 1949) and Theodore Alfred Lawson State Junior

College (founded in 1963 and known as the Wenonah State Technical Junior College between 1963 and 1969) merged as a result

of Alabama legislation adopted June, 1972. 8Prior to closing in 1984, the school was affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. 9 Is owned and operated by the General Conference of SeventhDay Adventists. 10Affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. 11Was the first school in Alabama to admit students regardless

of race. 12Founded by Booker T. Washington. Formerly called Tuskegee

Institute. 13Founded as Branch Normal College, it continued from 1927

until 1972 as Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College. In 1972, it joined four other campuses to comprise the University of Arkansas System. 14Founded as a coeducational and multiracial private university

in 1867 by an act of the U.S. Congress, the University is named

after General Oliver Otis Howard, Commissioner of the Freedmen’s Bureau. 15The roots of the University of the District of Columbia, the nation’s only metropolitan, land-grant institution of higher education,

stretch back to 1851 when Myrtilla Miner opened a school to prepare black women to teach. In 1976, three public higher education

institutions, D.C. Teachers College, Federal City College, and

Washington Technical Institute, were merged into the University of

the District of Columbia. This merger caused the apparent enrollment increase between 1976 and 1980. 16 Upon the merger in 1923 of Cookman Institute for Men,

founded in 1872 by the Reverend D.S.B. Darnell, and Daytona

Normal and Industrial Institute for Women, founded in 1904 by Dr.

Mary McLeod Bethune, the institution became the Daytona

Cookman Collegiate Institute and was taken over by the Board of

Education of the Methodist Church. The name was later changed

to Bethune-Cookman College. 17Founded as Brown Theological Institute. Edward Waters College is the oldest historically black institution of higher learning in

the State of Florida. Affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal

Church. 18 Designated as a land-grant institution in 1891 and became a

university in 1953. Founded in 1887 as the State Normal College

for Colored Students. 19Affiliated with the Baptist church. 20Atlanta University and Clark College merged in July, 1989, to

become Clark Atlanta University. 21 In 1929, the college became an exclusively graduate and professional institution, the first with a predominantly black student

body; merged with Clark College in 1989. 22Founded as the first Methodist affiliated college to serve African Americans. 23The Fort Valley Normal and Industrial School merged with the

Forsyth State Teachers and Agricultural College in 1939 to become Fort Valley State College.

24 Morehouse School of Medicine began in 1975 as a medical

program within Morehouse College. In April 1985, the school was

granted full accreditation to award an M.D. degree. 25Affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church and is

the only surviving college founded by blacks in Georgia. 26 Called Georgia State College until 1947, it was established as

a school for the training and education of Negro youth. It served

as the state land-grant institution for blacks until this function was

transferred to Fort Valley State College. The Regents of the University System changed the name to Savannah State College in

1950. 27The nation’s oldest undergraduate liberal arts college for

black women. 28Affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the United

Methodist Church. 29Founded by Charles P. Adams. Is a multi-purpose, state-supported, coeducational institution. 30The only historically black institution with Catholic affiliation. 31Bowie State University is part of the University of Maryland

System. Formerly Bowie State College. 32 Coppin State College is part of the University of Maryland

System. 33Founded by Dr. Violet T. Lewis to provide postsecondary

business education to urban dwellers unable to obtain training

from other institutions. This school originated in a store front in Indianapolis, Indiana. 34Was established as Coahoma Junior College in 1949. In

1989, the College was renamed Coahoma Community College. 35Founded by Dr. William H. Holtzclaw. Formerly called Utica

Junior College and then Hinds Junior College. 36 Lost accreditation in 1983 and closed in 1986. Lane College

in Tennessee maintains their records. 37School no longer eligible for listing—lost accreditation. 38Formerly Prentiss Normal and Industrial Institute. Closed in

1990. 39 In 1869, the American Missionary Association of New York

purchased a plantation of 500 acres near Jackson, Mississippi,

and established on it a school for the training of young people irrespective of their religion and race. 40Founded in 1857 as the first teacher education institution west

of the Mississippi. Was formerly known as Harris Teachers College and Harris Stowe College. 41A land-grant, comprehensive, multi-purpose institution of higher education founded by members of the 62nd and 65th U.S. Colored Infantry units as Lincoln Institute in 1866. 42Founded as Scotia Seminary, a preparatory school for young

Negro women. In 1916 changed its name to Scotia Women’s College. Merged with Barber Memorial College in 1930. In 1932

changed name to Barber-Scotia College and then changed to coeducational in 1954. Historically affiliated with the Presbyterian

Church (USA). 43Founded as a coeducational institution and reorganized as a

women’s college in 1926. Is affiliated with the United Methodist

Church. 44Founded as a Normal School for the specific purpose of

teaching and training teachers of the black race to teach in the

common schools. Since 1972, it has been part of the 16–campus

University of North Carolina System. Granted its first degrees in

1939 when it was known as Elizabeth City State Teachers College. 45Began as Howard School in 1867. In 1877 its name was

changed to the State Colored Normal School. It is the second oldest state-supported institution in North Carolina and one of the oldest teacher education institutions in the South. In 1939, the institution began a 4-year program and became Fayetteville State

Teachers College marking the beginning of a 4-year curriculum. In

1972, became part of the University of North Carolina System. 46Founded by Dr. James E. Shepard. In 1925, became the nation’s first state-supported liberal arts college for black people. 47Founded as Slater Industrial Academy. Became WinstonSalem Teachers College, the first black institution in the U.S. to

grant degrees for teaching in the elementary grades. 48Originated as a separate department of Wilberforce University

in 1887. Became independent in 1947. 49Founded as the first coeducational college for blacks. Affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 33

50Was founded as the Colored Agricultural and Normal University. The present name was adopted in 1941. 51Founded by Richard Humphreys, a Philadelphia Quaker. It is

the nation’s oldest historically black institution of higher learning.

Began as a high school in 1837 and offered its first baccalaureate

degree in the 1930’s. Formerly known as Cheyney State College. 52The first institution established anywhere in the world to provide higher education in the Arts and Sciences for male youth of

African descent. It was chartered as Ashmun Institute, an all-male

institution, and remained as such for almost 100 years. It graduated its first woman in 1953, but it did not become fully co-educational until 1965. 53Founded under the auspices of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. 54Founded by two Methodist laymen from Massachusetts, William and Lee Claflin. 55School is no longer eligible for listing—lost accreditation. Affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. 56Founded as an all black trade school. In 1969, became a public 2–year branch campus of the South Carolina technical education system. 57 Closed in 1982. Formerly known as Friendship Junior College. 58Founded by Elizabeth Evelyn Wright, it is a coeducational, liberal arts college. 59 Incorporated under the laws of the State of Tennessee on August 22, 1867. The purpose was the education and training of

young black men and women. 60Knoxville College now has two campuses. In 1989, Morristown College merged with Knoxville College. Knoxville was founded in 1875 by the United Presbyterian Church of North America. 61Founded by the Colored (Christian) Methodist Episcopal

Church as the C.M.E. High School, and became Lane College in

1895. 62 In 1968 LeMoyne College and Owen College merged. 63Founded as the Medical Department of Central Tennessee

College, with the mission of educating health professionals for the

black population. Meharry became an independent medical college

in 1915. Meharry Medical College has trained close to one-third

of the black physicians and dentists practicing in the United States

today. 64After closing in 1988, Morristown was annexed by Knoxville

College in 1989. 65Founded in 1912 as the Tennessee Agriculture and Industrial

State Normal School for Negroes. It merged with the University of

Tennessee at Nashville in 1979 and now has two campuses.

66 Closed in 1988; was affiliated with the Baptist Church. 67Was formed in 1952 by the merger of Tillotson College

(founded in 1875) and Samuel Huston College (founded in 1876).

Is supported by the United Methodist Church and the United

Church of Christ. 68A private coeducational college founded in 1912 and affiliated

with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). 69Paul Quinn College was established in a one room building

in Austin, Texas, by a group of African Methodist Episcopal circuit

riders who saw a need for a trade school to teach newly freed

slaves. The college moved to Dallas in 1990 to the campus formerly occupied by Bishop College which closed in 1988. 70Formerly a 2-year institution, but became a 4-year institution

offering bachelor’s degrees in 1984. 71Founded as the Houston Colored Junior College. Its successor, Houston College for Negroes was transferred to the State of

Texas following passage of a bill creating Texas State University

for Negroes. Established as a State University in 1947. The name

was changed to Texas Southern University in 1951. 72Founded by General Samuel Chapman Armstrong. Hampton

is Virginia’s only coeducational, non-denominational 4-year private

college. Formerly known as Hampton Institute and Hampton College. 73Formerly known as Norfolk State College. 74 Changed name to Virginia Seminary and College. Closed in

1980. 75The first fully state-supported, four-year bachelor’s degree

black college in America. Founded in March, 1882, when the Virginia legislature passed a bill to charter the Virginia Normal and

Collegiate Institute. Formerly known as Virginia State College.

76This is a public, coeducational, land-grant institution that was

founded in 1962 by enabling legislation of the Virgin Islands Legislature. Formerly known as College of the Virgin Islands.

NOTE: The enrollment data for some schools are estimated on

the basis of the previous year’s enrollment. See methodology section. Enrollments in 1994 are preliminary.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for

Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities’’ surveys;

and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),

‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February

1996.)
34 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 9.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, race/ethnicity, and percent of

black students: 1994 1

Institution State Total

Black,

nonHispanic

Percent

black

White,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total ..................................................... — 280,071 230,162 82.2 35,963 5,012 2,429 551 5,954

Alabama A&M University ......................... AL 5,543 4,245 76.6 787 18 17 7 469

Alabama State University ........................ AL 5,037 4,872 96.7 115 14 4 — 32

Bishop State Community College 2 .......... AL 4,511 2,370 52.5 2,008 12 40 81 —

C.A. Fredd State Technical College ........ AL 190 166 87.4 23 — 1 — —

Concordia College ................................... AL 435 418 96.1 5 — — — 12

J.F. Drake State Technical College ......... AL 768 335 43.6 395 12 11 2 13

Lawson State Community College .......... AL 1,920 1,853 96.5 61 — — — 6

Miles College ........................................... AL 1,068 1,065 99.7 3 — — — —

Oakwood College ..................................... AL 1,534 1,335 87.0 7 8 2 3 179

Selma University ...................................... AL 206 205 99.5 1 — — — —

Stillman College ....................................... AL 913 895 98.0 18 — — — —

Talladega College .................................... AL 976 940 96.3 29 5 1 1 —

Trenholm State Technical College .......... AL 785 610 77.7 175 — — — —

Tuskegee University ................................ AL 3,322 3,047 91.7 139 80 22 2 32

Arkansas Baptist College ......................... AR 225 222 98.7 1 2 — — —

Philander Smith College .......................... AR 841 780 92.7 20 — 38 — 3

Shorter College ........................................ AR 282 207 73.4 — — — — 75

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ........... AR 3,823 3,271 85.6 529 9 9 3 2

Delaware State University ....................... DE 3,381 2,243 66.3 995 60 34 9 40

Howard University .................................... DC 10,115 8,922 88.2 174 89 217 12 701

University of the District of Columbia ...... DC 10,599 8,991 84.8 317 331 215 — 745

Bethune Cookman College ...................... FL 2,345 2,221 94.7 19 11 2 — 92

Edward Waters College ........................... FL 782 740 94.6 1 — — — 41

Florida A&M University ............................ FL 10,084 8,923 88.5 762 144 97 3 155

Florida Memorial College ......................... FL 1,320 1,148 87.0 23 78 — 1 70

Albany State College ............................... GA 3,062 2,708 88.4 342 3 6 3 —

Clark Atlanta University ........................... GA 5,193 4,990 96.1 56 10 19 4 114

Fort Valley State College ......................... GA 2,823 2,630 93.2 172 5 2 — 14

Interdenominational Theological Center .. GA 398 369 92.7 10 2 2 — 15

Morehouse College .................................. GA 2,992 2,972 99.3 2 — 13 — 5

Morehouse School of Medicine ............... GA 164 136 82.9 13 5 10 — —

Morris Brown College .............................. GA 1,894 1,852 97.8 3 1 — — 38

Paine College ........................................... GA 721 705 97.8 7 2 1 — 6

Savannah State College .......................... GA 3,253 2,951 90.7 216 11 7 2 66

Spelman College ...................................... GA 1,977 1,927 97.5 — 1 1 1 47

Kentucky State University ........................ KY 2,563 1,248 48.7 1,274 4 11 2 24

Dillard University ...................................... LA 1,675 1,663 99.3 8 2 2 — —

Grambling State University ...................... LA 7,610 7,281 95.7 265 8 15 2 39

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge ........................................ LA 9,904 9,315 94.1 480 19 86 4 —

Southern University, New Orleans .......... LA 4,302 4,016 93.4 188 16 19 4 59

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus ......................................... LA 1,267 1,178 93.0 82 2 — — 5

Xavier University of Louisiana ................. LA 3,463 3,120 90.1 200 21 67 — 55

Bowie State University ............................. MD 4,896 3,519 71.9 1,033 52 156 15 121

Coppin State College ............................... MD 3,380 3,119 92.3 135 16 16 37 57

Morgan State University .......................... MD 5,766 5,399 93.6 180 16 36 8 127

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore .... MD 2,925 2,049 70.1 658 20 25 7 166

Lewis College of Business ....................... MI 245 245 100.0 — — — — —

Alcorn State University ............................ MS 2,742 2,556 93.2 165 2 6 4 9

Coahoma Junior College ......................... MS 969 948 97.8 21 — — — —

Hinds Community College,

Utica Campus ....................................... MS 964 901 93.5 51 — 11 1 —

Jackson State University ......................... MS 6,224 5,882 94.5 168 8 50 8 108

Mary Holmes College .............................. MS 327 311 95.1 — 4 1 — 11

Mississippi Valley State University .......... MS 2,182 2,166 99.3 13 3 — — —

Rust College ............................................ MS 1,055 984 93.3 36 — — — 35

Tougaloo College ..................................... MS 1,105 1,105 100.0 — — — — —

Harris-Stowe State College ..................... MO 1,757 1,313 74.7 407 11 5 1 20

Lincoln University ..................................... MO 3,512 931 26.5 2,476 14 19 17 55

Barber-Scotia College .............................. NC 432 430 99.5 2 — — — —

Bennett College ....................................... NC 655 646 98.6 1 1 — — 7

Elizabeth City State University ................ NC 2,099 1,555 74.1 519 2 14 3 6

Fayetteville State University .................... NC 4,109 2,632 64.1 1,261 105 57 51 3

Johnson C Smith University .................... NC 1,413 1,409 99.7 1 1 1 1 —

Livingstone College .................................. NC 836 835 99.9 1 — — — —
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 35

Table 9.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, race/ethnicity, and percent of

black students: 1994 1—Continued

Institution State Total

Black,

nonHispanic

Percent

black

White,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical

State University .................................... NC 8,136 7,047 86.6 853 14 96 19 107

North Carolina Central University ............ NC 5,692 4,780 84.0 796 20 21 21 54

St. Augustine’s College ............................ NC 1,673 1,655 98.9 8 2 — — 8

Shaw University ....................................... NC 2,432 2,317 95.3 87 4 15 9 —

Winston-Salem State University .............. NC 2,915 2,227 76.4 653 12 19 2 2

Central State University ........................... OH 2,763 2,501 90.5 134 7 2 3 116

Wilberforce University .............................. OH 976 948 97.1 26 — 1 1 —

Langston University ................................. OK 3,408 1,874 55.0 1,357 34 29 74 40

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ....... PA 1,357 1,289 95.0 40 16 9 2 1

Lincoln University ..................................... PA 1,371 1,235 90.1 84 10 5 1 36

Allen University ........................................ SC 256 256 100.0 — — — — —

Benedict College ...................................... SC 1,501 1,464 97.5 3 — — — 34

Claflin College .......................................... SC 1,023 1,005 98.2 1 — 1 — 16

Denmark Technical College ..................... SC 840 786 93.6 51 2 1 — —

Morris College .......................................... SC 889 886 99.7 2 1 — — —

South Carolina State University ............... SC 4,693 4,392 93.6 274 — 21 2 4

Voorhees College .................................... SC 716 701 97.9 12 2 1 — —

Fisk University .......................................... TN 872 869 99.7 — — — — 3

Knoxville College ..................................... TN 728 715 98.2 12 1 — — —

Lane College ............................................ TN 667 667 100.0 — — — — —

Le Moyne-Owen College ......................... TN 1,436 1,430 99.6 6 — — — —

Meharry Medical College ......................... TN 726 594 81.8 48 17 31 1 35

Tennessee State University ..................... TN 8,180 5,270 64.4 2,637 64 196 13 —

Huston-Tillotson College .......................... TX 613 475 77.5 17 40 33 1 47

Jarvis Christian College ........................... TX 382 377 98.7 2 3 — — —

Paul Quinn College .................................. TX 667 645 96.7 2 20 — — —

Prairie View A&M University .................... TX 5,849 5,030 86.0 493 97 80 4 145

St. Philip’s College ................................... TX 6,571 1,269 19.3 2,216 2,881 130 44 31

Southwestern Christian College .............. TX 182 159 87.4 7 — — — 16

Texas College .......................................... TX 262 254 96.9 — 5 — 1 2

Texas Southern University ....................... TX 10,078 8,332 82.7 253 321 201 6 965

Wiley College ........................................... TX 584 546 93.5 12 1 1 — 24

Hampton University .................................. VA 5,769 5,052 87.6 568 27 16 17 89

Norfolk State University ........................... VA 8,667 6,922 79.9 1,475 76 76 12 106

St. Paul’s College .................................... VA 763 712 93.3 47 — 1 — 3

Virginia State University ........................... VA 4,007 3,620 90.3 315 27 9 2 34

Virginia Union University .......................... VA 1,525 1,493 97.9 15 2 — 1 14

Bluefield State College ............................ WV 2,609 202 7.7 2,390 10 6 1 —

West Virginia State College ..................... WV 4,519 581 12.9 3,864 24 36 14 —

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus ............................ VI 1,915 1,565 81.7 150 32 24 1 143

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Preliminary data.

2 In 1993 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop State Community College.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys.

(This table was prepared February 1996.)
36 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 10.—Full-time fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity and sex:

1976 to 1994

Year Total

White,

non-Hispanic

Black,

non-Hispanic Hispanic

Asian American or

Pacific Islander

American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien

Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1976 ................ 180,059 6,352 3,886 72,562 88,379 1,655 537 390 148 79 67 4,756 1,248

1978 ................ 176,243 5,369 3,845 68,076 88,082 1,463 678 549 208 154 107 6,050 1,662

1980 ................ 180,521 5,352 4,520 68,735 88,421 1,368 772 699 229 126 102 7,942 2,255

1982 ................ 170,611 4,997 4,847 64,862 81,873 1,010 696 410 195 135 142 8,817 2,627

1984 ................ 168,616 5,167 4,821 62,883 81,639 1,187 891 705 260 78 82 8,182 2,721

1986 ................ 167,825 5,764 6,215 62,118 82,499 1,179 1,036 453 234 119 122 5,912 2,174

1988 ................ 180,215 6,088 6,766 65,246 92,320 1,108 1,008 600 294 83 94 4,415 2,193

1990 1 .............. 194,905 7,037 8,441 69,682 100,759 1,030 1,018 680 420 68 94 3,441 2,235

1991 ................ 206,493 7,754 9,451 74,014 105,981 1,110 1,125 799 531 91 142 3,207 2,288

1992 ................ 213,913 7,696 9,455 77,399 110,245 1,128 1,097 774 580 129 170 2,992 2,248

1993 ................ 217,462 8,091 9,807 78,525 111,796 1,286 1,298 816 660 134 162 2,759 2,128

1994 2 .............. 214,889 7,707 9,622 77,485 111,360 1,210 1,412 777 695 160 169 2,368 1,924

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities’’; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)

Table 11.—Part-time fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity and sex:

1976 to 1994

Year Total

White,

non-Hispanic

Black,

non-Hispanic Hispanic

Asian American or

Pacific Islander

American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien

Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1976 ................ 42,554 5,302 5,500 11,930 17,434 934 316 68 43 47 37 594 349

1978 ................ 51,554 5,420 5,878 14,376 21,709 1,072 490 485 158 171 74 1,031 690

1980 ................ 53,036 6,286 8,204 13,083 20,750 1,131 500 248 221 95 121 1,322 1,075

1982 ................ 57,760 7,133 8,951 14,012 21,892 1,376 732 285 261 126 198 1,734 1,060

1984 ................ 58,903 6,661 9,173 14,128 22,703 1,311 841 251 242 55 63 2,215 1,260

1986 ................ 55,450 6,801 9,900 12,158 21,853 1,072 686 284 279 116 157 1,547 597

1988 ................ 59,540 7,072 10,807 13,022 23,563 1,125 881 330 279 47 86 1,425 903

1990 1 .............. 62,247 7,234 11,704 13,215 25,026 964 909 409 327 65 109 1,332 953

1991 ................ 62,842 7,379 11,818 13,366 25,005 1,050 1,083 410 403 55 102 1,207 964

1992 ................ 65,628 7,275 11,877 14,550 26,769 1,072 1,132 452 396 75 109 1,080 841

1993 ................ 65,394 7,474 11,791 14,585 26,292 1,193 1,177 479 480 80 127 975 741

1994 2 .............. 65,182 7,191 11,443 14,423 26,894 1,185 1,205 478 479 84 138 938 724

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities’’; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT 37

Table 12.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution, number

of institutions, sex, and state: 1976

State

Total

number of institutions

Total

Total Public 4-year Public 2-year Private 4-year Private 2-year

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total ............................... 109 222,613 104,669 117,944 40 66,122 77,406 6 7,664 5,644 52 29,701 33,788 11 1,182 1,106

Alabama ............................. 13 20,663 9,446 11,217 2 4,016 4,701 2 1,204 1,790 7 4,109 4,580 2 117 146

Arkansas ............................ 4 4,436 2,263 2,173 1 1,409 1,653 0 — — 2 753 422 1 101 98

Delaware ............................ 1 1,844 959 885 1 959 885 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

District of Columbia ............ 2 11,137 5,463 5,674 1 356 966 0 — — 1 5,107 4,708 0 — —

Florida ................................ 4 8,451 4,089 4,362 1 2,866 2,913 0 — — 3 1,223 1,449 0 — —

Georgia ............................... 10 15,179 6,878 8,301 3 3,026 3,912 0 — — 7 3,852 4,389 0 — —

Kentucky ............................. 1 2,389 1,222 1,167 1 1,222 1,167 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Louisiana ............................ 6 20,360 8,777 11,583 3 7,312 9,042 1 394 580 2 1,071 1,961 0 — —

Maryland ............................. 4 13,042 5,538 7,504 4 5,538 7,504 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Michigan ............................. 1 225 45 180 0 — — 0 — — 0 — — 1 45 180

Mississippi .......................... 11 18,988 8,638 10,350 3 6,282 7,477 2 1,200 1,240 3 749 1,258 3 407 375

Missouri .............................. 2 3,589 1,690 1,899 2 1,690 1,899 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

North Carolina .................... 11 22,728 10,127 12,601 5 7,138 8,844 0 — — 6 2,989 3,757 0 — —

Ohio .................................... 2 3,291 1,714 1,577 1 1,098 1,084 0 — — 1 616 493 0 — —

Oklahoma ........................... 1 1,128 625 503 1 625 503 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Pennsylvania ...................... 2 3,952 2,126 1,826 2 2,126 1,826 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

South Carolina ................... 8 9,297 3,866 5,431 1 1,551 2,127 0 — — 5 2,051 3,167 2 264 137

Tennessee .......................... 7 10,477 4,903 5,574 1 2,561 2,919 0 — — 5 2,245 2,576 1 97 79

Texas .................................. 10 26,297 14,974 11,323 2 7,278 7,010 1 4,866 2,034 7 2,830 2,279 0 — —

Virginia ............................... 6 17,282 7,405 9,877 2 5,148 7,037 0 — — 3 2,106 2,749 1 151 91

West Virginia ...................... 2 5,736 3,149 2,587 2 3,149 2,587 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Virgin Islands ...................... 1 2,122 772 1,350 1 772 1,350 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

—Not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities, 1976’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1996.)

Table 13.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution, number

of institutions, sex, and state: 1984

State

Total

number of institutions

Total

Total Public 4-year Public 2-year Private 4-year Private 2-year

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total ............................... 105 227,519 102,823 124,696 40 68,393 82,896 7 6,313 6,514 51 27,431 34,124 7 686 1,162

Alabama ............................. 11 18,133 8,455 9,678 2 3,974 3,922 2 1,188 1,951 6 3,190 3,582 1 103 223

Arkansas ............................ 4 3,417 1,552 1,865 1 1,087 1,553 0 — — 2 412 287 1 53 25

Delaware ............................ 1 2,209 1,022 1,187 1 1,022 1,187 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

District of Columbia ............ 2 24,286 11,028 13,258 1 5,771 7,061 0 — — 1 5,257 6,197 0 — —

Florida ................................ 4 9,485 4,529 4,956 1 2,560 2,709 0 — — 3 1,969 2,247 0 — —

Georgia ............................... 11 14,579 6,641 7,938 3 2,510 3,231 0 — — 8 4,131 4,707 0 — —

Kentucky ............................. 1 2,066 936 1,130 1 936 1,130 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Louisiana ............................ 6 21,327 9,213 12,114 3 8,033 9,388 1 206 415 2 974 2,311 0 — —

Maryland ............................. 4 10,233 4,216 6,017 4 4,216 6,017 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Michigan ............................. 1 377 86 291 0 — — 0 — — 0 — — 1 86 291

Mississippi .......................... 9 15,415 6,512 8,903 3 4,801 6,078 2 869 1,228 2 547 1,098 2 295 499

Missouri .............................. 2 4,126 1,773 2,353 2 1,773 2,353 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

North Carolina .................... 11 23,127 10,264 12,863 5 7,544 9,113 0 — — 6 2,720 3,750 0 — —

Ohio .................................... 2 3,199 1,474 1,725 1 1,129 1,155 0 — — 1 345 570 0 — —

Oklahoma ........................... 1 1,802 917 885 1 917 885 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Pennsylvania ...................... 2 2,962 1,412 1,550 2 1,412 1,550 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

South Carolina ................... 8 8,508 3,516 4,992 1 1,777 2,449 1 310 347 5 1,364 2,166 1 65 30

Tennessee .......................... 7 11,327 4,940 6,387 1 3,252 4,394 0 — — 5 1,604 1,899 1 84 94

Texas .................................. 10 23,633 12,976 10,657 2 6,928 6,419 1 3,740 2,573 7 2,308 1,665 0 — —

Virginia ............................... 5 17,596 7,458 10,138 2 4,848 6,493 0 — — 3 2,610 3,645 0 — —

West Virginia ...................... 2 6,892 3,077 3,815 2 3,077 3,815 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Virgin Islands ...................... 1 2,820 826 1,994 1 826 1,994 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

—Not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities, 1984’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
38 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: ENROLLMENT

Table 14.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution, number

of institutions, sex, and state: 1990 1

State

Total

number of institutions

Total

Total Public 4-year Public 2-year Private 4-year Private 2-year

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total ............................... 105 257,152 105,157 151,995 40 70,220 101,749 11 6,321 8,756 49 28,054 40,474 5 562 1,016

Alabama ............................. 15 23,071 9,709 13,362 2 4,069 5,404 6 2,435 3,782 6 3,109 3,892 1 96 284

Arkansas ............................ 4 4,692 1,892 2,800 1 1,435 2,237 0 — — 2 399 486 1 58 77

Delaware ............................ 1 2,606 1,137 1,469 1 1,137 1,469 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

District of Columbia ............ 2 23,091 9,714 13,377 1 5,068 6,922 0 — — 1 4,646 6,455 0 — —

Florida ................................ 4 13,534 5,487 8,047 1 3,606 4,738 0 — — 3 1,881 3,309 0 — —

Georgia ............................... 10 17,890 7,874 10,016 3 2,679 4,203 0 — — 7 5,195 5,813 0 — —

Kentucky ............................. 1 2,506 1,039 1,467 1 1,039 1,467 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Louisiana ............................ 6 25,451 9,343 16,108 3 7,639 11,851 1 303 717 2 1,401 3,540 0 — —

Maryland ............................. 4 13,526 5,524 8,002 4 5,524 8,002 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Michigan ............................. 1 233 52 181 0 — — 0 — — 0 — — 1 52 181

Mississippi .......................... 8 16,311 6,438 9,873 3 4,793 6,780 2 687 1,332 2 660 1,317 1 298 444

Missouri .............................. 2 5,592 1,928 3,664 2 1,928 3,664 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

North Carolina .................... 11 26,295 10,854 15,441 5 8158 11,519 0 — — 6 2,696 3,922 0 — —

Ohio .................................... 2 3,695 1,611 2,084 1 1,343 1,543 0 — — 1 268 541 0 — —

Oklahoma ........................... 1 2,792 1,173 1,619 1 1,173 1,619 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Pennsylvania ...................... 2 3,112 1,353 1,759 2 1,353 1,759 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

South Carolina ................... 8 9,477 3,778 5,699 1 1,976 2,846 1 266 351 5 1,478 2,472 1 58 30

Tennessee .......................... 6 11,789 4,858 6,931 1 2,996 4,397 0 — — 5 1,862 2,534 0 — —

Texas .................................. 9 23,096 10,548 12,548 2 6,224 8,193 1 2,630 2,574 6 1,694 1,781 0 — —

Virginia ............................... 5 19,173 7,293 11,880 2 4,528 7,468 0 — — 3 2,765 4,412 0 — —

West Virginia ...................... 2 7,536 3,110 4,426 2 3,110 4,426 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Virgin Islands ...................... 1 1,684 442 1,242 1 442 1,242 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

—Not applicable.

1 Revised from previously published data.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment, 1990’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1996.)

Table 15.—Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution, number

of institutions, sex, and state: 1994 1

State

Total

number of institutions

Total

Total Public 4-year Public 2-year Private 4-year Private 2-year

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

Total

number of institutions

Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total ............................... 103 280,071 114,006 166,065 40 76,654 111,081 10 7,778 11,007 49 29,108 43,154 4 466 823

Alabama ............................. 14 27,208 11,421 15,787 2 4,643 5,937 5 3,117 5,057 6 3,537 4,482 1 124 311

Arkansas ............................ 4 5,171 2,172 2,999 1 1,599 2,224 0 — — 2 434 632 1 139 143

Delaware ............................ 1 3,381 1,455 1,926 1 1,455 1,926 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

District of Columbia ............ 2 20,714 8,375 12,339 1 4,455 6,144 0 — — 1 3,920 6,195 0 — —

Florida ................................ 4 14,531 5,938 8,593 1 4,240 5,844 0 — — 3 1,698 2,749 0 — —

Georgia ............................... 10 22,477 9,649 12,828 3 3,671 5,467 0 — — 7 5,978 7,361 0 — —

Kentucky ............................. 1 2,563 1,102 1,461 1 1,102 1,461 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Louisiana ............................ 6 28,221 10,559 17,662 3 8,787 13,029 1 331 936 2 1,441 3,697 0 — —

Maryland ............................. 4 16,967 6,785 10,182 4 6,785 10,182 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Michigan ............................. 1 245 59 186 0 — — 0 — — 0 — — 1 59 186

Mississippi .......................... 8 15,568 6,160 9,408 3 4,521 6,627 2 785 1,148 2 710 1,450 1 144 183

Missouri .............................. 2 5,269 1,962 3,307 2 1,962 3,307 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

North Carolina .................... 11 30,392 12,235 18,157 5 9271 13,680 0 — — 6 2,964 4,477 0 — —

Ohio .................................... 2 3,739 1,725 2,014 1 1,353 1,410 0 — — 1 372 604 0 — —

Oklahoma ........................... 1 3,408 1,395 2,013 1 1,395 2,013 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Pennsylvania ...................... 2 2,728 1,164 1,564 2 1,164 1,564 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

South Carolina ................... 7 9,918 3,960 5,958 1 1,857 2,836 1 374 466 5 1,729 2,656 0 — —

Tennessee .......................... 6 12,609 5,050 7,559 1 3,197 4,983 0 — — 5 1,853 2,576 0 — —

Texas .................................. 9 25,188 11,128 14,060 2 6,763 9,164 1 3,171 3,400 6 1,194 1,496 0 — —

Virginia ............................... 5 20,731 8,047 12,684 2 4,769 7,905 0 — — 3 3,278 4,779 0 — —

West Virginia ...................... 2 7,128 3,118 4,010 2 3,118 4,010 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

Virgin Islands ...................... 1 1,915 547 1,368 1 547 1,368 0 — — 0 — — 0 — —

—Not applicable.

1Preliminary data.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Enrollment, 1994’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 39

Table 16.—Associate degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94

Year and sex of

student

Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

Degrees from historically black colleges and universities as a percent of

total associate degrees

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Total

1976–77 ....................... 2,753 377 2,165 158 6 1 46 100.0 13.7 78.6 5.7 0.2 0.0 1.7 0.7 0.1 6.5 0.9 0.1 (1) 1.41978–79 ....................... 2,465 590 1,672 143 13 7 40 100.0 23.9 67.8 5.8 0.5 0.3 1.6 0.6 0.2 4.8 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.91980–81 ....................... 2,635 707 1,703 155 6 3 61 100.0 26.8 64.6 5.9 0.2 0.1 2.3 0.6 0.2 4.8 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.91982–83 ....................... 2,482 795 1,442 132 12 2 99 100.0 32.0 58.1 5.3 0.5 0.1 4.0 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 2,691 880 1,547 162 26 5 71 100.0 32.7 57.5 6.0 1.0 0.2 2.6 0.6 0.2 4.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.11986–87 2 .................... 2,612 796 1,571 174 26 9 36 100.0 30.5 60.1 6.7 1.0 0.3 1.4 0.6 0.2 4.4 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.81988–89 ....................... 2,526 825 1,487 134 17 3 60 100.0 32.7 58.9 5.3 0.7 0.1 2.4 0.6 0.2 4.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.91989–90 ....................... 2,489 793 1,477 153 11 13 42 100.0 31.9 59.3 6.1 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.6 0.2 4.2 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.71990–91 3 .................... 2,613 847 1,498 133 23 1 111 100.0 32.4 57.3 5.1 0.9 0.0 4.2 0.6 0.2 4.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 1.71991–92 4 .................... 2,489 838 1,465 111 25 3 47 100.0 33.7 58.9 4.5 1.0 0.1 1.9 0.5 0.2 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.61992–93 5 .................... 2,771 1,083 1,456 173 21 4 34 100.0 39.1 52.5 6.2 0.8 0.1 1.2 0.5 0.3 3.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.41993–94 6 .................... 2,820 1,147 1,466 148 22 6 31 100.0 40.7 52.0 5.2 0.8 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.3 3.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3

Men

1976–77 ....................... 1,283 229 905 125 3 1 20 100.0 17.8 70.5 9.7 0.2 0.1 1.6 0.6 0.1 5.9 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.91978–79 ....................... 1,011 310 555 109 9 3 25 100.0 30.7 54.9 10.8 0.9 0.3 2.5 0.5 0.2 3.8 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.91980–81 ....................... 1,101 336 597 124 4 2 38 100.0 30.5 54.2 11.3 0.4 0.2 3.5 0.6 0.2 4.2 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.91982–83 ....................... 1,024 349 526 98 6 2 43 100.0 34.1 51.4 9.6 0.6 0.2 4.2 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 1,085 374 539 109 19 1 43 100.0 34.5 49.7 10.0 1.8 0.1 4.0 0.6 0.2 3.8 1.3 0.3 0.1 1.21986–87 ....................... 1,014 315 524 125 12 7 31 100.0 31.1 51.7 12.3 1.2 0.7 3.1 0.5 0.2 3.8 1.4 0.2 0.6 1.21988–89 ....................... 963 347 476 102 8 3 27 100.0 36.0 49.4 10.6 0.8 0.3 2.8 0.5 0.2 3.7 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.81989–90 ....................... 916 318 464 97 5 8 24 100.0 34.7 50.7 10.6 0.5 0.9 2.6 0.5 0.2 3.5 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.81990–91 3 .................... 876 313 445 81 13 1 23 100.0 35.7 50.8 9.2 1.5 0.1 2.6 0.5 0.2 3.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.71991–92 4 .................... 827 280 435 76 13 2 21 100.0 33.9 52.6 9.2 1.6 0.2 2.5 0.4 0.2 3.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.61992–93 5 .................... 1,034 412 482 108 12 0 20 100.0 39.8 46.6 10.4 1.2 0.0 1.9 0.5 0.2 3.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.51993–94 6 .................... 983 422 450 74 16 4 17 100.0 42.9 45.8 7.5 1.6 0.4 1.7 0.4 0.2 2.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4

Women

1976–77 ....................... 1,470 148 1,260 33 3 0 26 100.0 10.1 85.7 2.2 0.2 0.0 1.8 0.8 0.1 7.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 2.21978–79 ....................... 1,454 280 1,117 34 4 4 15 100.0 19.3 76.8 2.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.2 5.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.91980–81 ....................... 1,534 371 1,106 31 2 1 23 100.0 24.2 72.1 2.0 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.7 0.2 5.3 0.3 (1) 0.1 1.01982–83 ....................... 1,458 446 916 34 6 0 56 100.0 30.6 62.8 2.3 0.4 0.0 3.8 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 1,606 506 1,008 53 7 4 28 100.0 31.5 62.8 3.3 0.4 0.2 1.7 0.7 0.3 4.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.01986–87 2 .................... 1,598 481 1,047 49 14 2 5 100.0 30.1 65.5 3.1 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.2 4.9 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.21988–89 ....................... 1,563 478 1,011 32 9 0 33 100.0 30.6 64.7 2.0 0.6 0.0 2.1 0.6 0.2 4.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.01989–90 ....................... 1,573 475 1,013 56 6 5 18 100.0 30.2 64.4 3.6 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.6 0.2 4.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.61990–91 3 .................... 1,737 534 1,053 52 10 0 88 100.0 30.7 60.6 3.0 0.6 0.0 5.1 0.6 0.2 4.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 2.51991–92 4 .................... 1,662 558 1,030 35 12 1 26 100.0 33.6 62.0 2.1 0.7 0.1 1.6 0.6 0.2 4.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.61992–93 5 .................... 1,737 671 974 65 9 4 14 100.0 38.6 56.1 3.7 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 3.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.31993–94 6 .................... 1,837 725 1,016 74 6 2 14 100.0 39.5 55.3 4.0 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.3 3.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2

—Data not available.1 Less than 0.05 percent.2Excludes 2 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.3Excludes 17 men and 34 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.4Excludes 28 men and 43 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.5Excludes 13 men and 21 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

6Excludes 1 man and 9 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

NOTE: Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
40 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES Table 17.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94 Year and sex of student Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred Degrees from historically black colleges and universities as a percent of total bachelor’s degrees Total White, non- Hispanic Black, non- Hispanic Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Non- resident alien Total White, non- Hispanic Black, non- Hispanic Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Non- resident alien Total White, non- Hispanic Black, non- Hispanic Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Non- resident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Total 1976–77 ..................... 23,551 1,768 20,754 44 57 21 907 100.0 7.5 88.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 3.9 2.6 0.2 35.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 5.8 1978–79 ..................... 23,649 1,719 20,308 93 120 17 1,392 100.0 7.3 85.9 0.4 0.5 0.1 5.9 2.6 0.2 33.7 0.5 0.8 0.5 7.8 1980–81 ..................... 22,922 1,532 19,556 84 109 18 1,623 100.0 6.7 85.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 7.1 2.5 0.2 32.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 7.2 1982–83 ..................... 22,205 1,487 17,787 108 74 33 2,716 100.0 6.7 80.1 0.5 0.3 0.1 12.2 — — — — — — — 1984–85 ..................... 20,887 1,870 16,326 218 321 46 2,106 100.0 9.0 78.2 1.0 1.5 0.2 10.1 2.2 0.2 28.4 0.8 1.3 1.1 7.2 1986–87 1 .................. 20,270 1,819 16,589 121 135 54 1,552 100.0 9.0 81.8 0.6 0.7 0.3 7.7 2.0 0.2 29.3 0.4 0.4 1.4 5.3 1988–89 2 .................. 19,518 2,016 16,162 92 113 33 1,102 100.0 10.3 82.8 0.5 0.6 0.2 5.6 1.9 0.2 27.8 0.3 0.3 0.8 4.1 1989–90 3 .................. 19,734 2,212 16,325 111 176 19 891 100.0 11.2 82.7 0.6 0.9 0.1 4.5 1.9 0.3 26.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 3.3 1990–91 4 .................. 21,439 2,282 17,930 130 175 37 885 100.0 10.6 83.6 0.6 0.8 0.2 4.1 2.0 0.3 27.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 3.0 1991–92 5 .................. 23,425 2,576 19,693 150 185 35 786 100.0 11.0 84.1 0.6 0.8 0.1 3.4 2.1 0.3 27.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.8 1992–93 6 .................. 26,033 2,880 22,020 142 219 48 724 100.0 11.1 84.6 0.5 0.8 0.2 2.8 2.2 0.3 28.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 2.2 1993–94 7 .................. 27,391 2,955 23,434 154 197 44 607 100.0 10.8 85.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.2 2.3 0.3 28.0 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.8 Men 1976–77 ..................... 10,201 1,064 8,362 23 48 12 692 100.0 10.4 82.0 0.2 0.5 0.1 6.8 2.1 0.2 33.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 6.1

1978–79 ..................... 10,067 844 8,070 62 77 5 1,009 100.0 8.4 80.2 0.6 0.8 (8) 10.0 2.1 0.2 32.7 0.6 0.9 0.3 7.91980–81 ..................... 10,142 854 7,866 38 71 9 1,304 100.0 8.4 77.6 0.4 0.7 0.1 12.9 2.2 0.2 32.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 8.01982–83 ..................... 9,675 749 7,052 52 48 7 1,767 100.0 7.7 72.9 0.5 0.5 0.1 18.3 — — — — — — —1984–85 ..................... 9,188 921 6,448 142 199 37 1,441 100.0 10.0 70.2 1.5 2.2 0.4 15.7 1.9 0.2 28.0 1.1 1.5 1.9 7.21986–87 1 .................. 8,828 883 6,576 55 101 26 1,187 100.0 10.0 74.5 0.6 1.1 0.3 13.4 1.8 0.2 29.2 0.4 0.6 1.4 6.11988–89 2 .................. 7,809 871 6,066 50 87 11 724 100.0 11.2 77.7 0.6 1.1 0.1 9.3 1.6 0.2 27.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 4.11989–90 3 .................. 7,774 944 6,064 57 126 7 576 100.0 12.1 78.0 0.7 1.6 0.1 7.4 1.6 0.2 26.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 3.41990–91 4 .................. 8,078 965 6,423 57 114 15 504 100.0 11.9 79.5 0.7 1.4 0.2 6.2 1.6 0.2 26.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 2.81991–92 5 .................. 8,739 1,051 7,085 66 114 19 404 100.0 12.0 81.1 0.8 1.3 0.2 4.6 1.7 0.2 26.3 0.4 0.5 0.9 2.41992–93 6 .................. 9,691 1,166 7,924 58 144 16 383 100.0 12.0 81.8 0.6 1.5 0.2 4.0 1.8 0.3 27.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 2.01993–94 7 .................. 10,224 1,178 8,475 78 139 23 331 100.0 11.5 82.9 0.8 1.4 0.2 3.2 1.9 0.3 27.7 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.7

Women

1976–77 ..................... 13,350 704 12,392 21 9 9 215 100.0 5.3 92.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.6 3.2 0.2 37.0 0.2 0.1 0.6 4.91978–79 ..................... 13,582 875 12,238 31 43 12 383 100.0 6.4 90.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 2.8 3.1 0.2 34.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 7.61980–81 ..................... 12,780 678 11,690 46 38 9 319 100.0 5.3 91.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 2.5 2.7 0.2 32.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 5.11982–83 ..................... 12,530 738 10,735 56 26 26 949 100.0 5.9 85.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 7.6 — — — — — — —1984–85 ..................... 11,699 949 9,878 76 122 9 665 100.0 8.1 84.4 0.6 1.0 0.1 5.7 2.4 0.2 28.7 0.6 1.0 0.4 7.31986–87 1 .................. 11,442 936 10,013 66 34 28 365 100.0 8.2 87.5 0.6 0.3 0.2 3.2 2.2 0.2 29.4 0.5 0.2 1.3 3.81988–89 2 .................. 11,709 1,145 10,096 42 26 22 378 100.0 9.8 86.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 3.2 2.2 0.3 28.3 0.3 0.1 1.0 4.01989–90 3 .................. 11,960 1,268 10,261 54 50 12 315 100.0 10.6 85.8 0.5 0.4 0.1 2.6 2.1 0.3 27.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 3.21990–91 4 .................. 13,361 1,317 11,507 73 61 22 381 100.0 9.9 86.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.9 2.3 0.3 28.1 0.4 0.3 0.8 3.41991–92 5 .................. 14,686 1,525 12,608 84 71 16 382 100.0 10.4 85.9 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.6 2.4 0.3 27.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 3.41992–93 6 .................. 16,342 1,714 14,096 84 75 32 341 100.0 10.5 86.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.1 2.6 0.3 28.8 0.3 0.3 1.0 2.61993–94 7 .................. 17,167 1,777 14,959 76 58 21 276 100.0 10.3 87.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.6 2.7 0.3 28.3 0.3 0.2 0.6 1.9

—Data not available.1Excludes 10 men and 11 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.2Excludes 86 men and 144 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.3Excludes 77 men and 103 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.4Excludes 70 men and 118 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.5Excludes 83 men and 71 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.6Excludes 73 men and 34 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.7Excludes 25 men and 9 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

8 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 41

Table 18.—Master’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94

Year and sex of

student

Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

Degrees from historically black colleges and universities as a percent of

total master’s degrees

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Total

1976–77 ....................... 6,150 1,162 4,568 8 38 13 361 100.0 18.9 74.3 0.1 0.6 0.2 5.9 1.9 0.4 21.7 0.1 0.7 1.3 2.11978–79 ....................... 5,440 1,002 3,956 32 46 9 395 100.0 18.4 72.7 0.6 0.8 0.2 7.3 1.8 0.4 20.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 2.01980–81 ....................... 4,622 832 3,185 23 70 5 507 100.0 18.0 68.9 0.5 1.5 0.1 11.0 1.6 0.3 18.6 0.4 1.1 0.5 2.31982–83 ....................... 4,491 774 2,956 31 60 5 665 100.0 17.2 65.8 0.7 1.3 0.1 14.8 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 4,190 799 2,555 34 58 20 724 100.0 19.1 61.0 0.8 1.4 0.5 17.3 1.5 0.4 18.3 0.5 0.7 1.6 2.71986–87 ....................... 4,012 844 2,443 25 155 10 535 100.0 21.0 60.9 0.6 3.9 0.2 13.3 1.4 0.4 17.6 0.4 1.8 0.9 1.81988–89 1 .................... 3,904 885 2,388 37 119 8 467 100.0 22.7 61.2 0.9 3.0 0.2 12.0 1.3 0.4 16.9 0.5 1.2 0.7 1.41989–90 ....................... 4,036 1,103 2,352 34 117 13 417 100.0 27.3 58.3 0.8 2.9 0.3 10.3 1.3 0.4 15.2 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.21990–91 2 .................... 4,139 1,087 2,505 41 132 5 369 100.0 26.3 60.5 1.0 3.2 0.1 8.9 1.3 0.4 15.5 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.01991–92 3 .................... 4,202 1,053 2,619 43 104 8 375 100.0 25.1 62.3 1.0 2.5 0.2 8.9 1.2 0.4 14.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.01992–93 4 .................... 4,600 1,167 2,766 39 158 7 463 100.0 25.4 60.1 0.8 3.4 0.2 10.1 1.2 0.4 14.0 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.01993–94 5 .................... 4,950 1,140 3,187 33 186 9 395 100.0 23.0 64.4 0.7 3.8 0.2 8.0 1.3 0.4 14.5 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.9

Men

1976–77 ....................... 2,421 612 1,497 1 17 11 283 100.0 25.3 61.8 (6) 0.7 0.5 11.7 1.4 0.4 19.2 (6) 0.5 2.1 2.11978–79 ....................... 2,103 428 1,313 17 34 3 308 100.0 20.4 62.4 0.8 1.6 0.1 14.6 1.4 0.3 18.6 0.6 1.0 0.6 2.11980–81 ....................... 1,865 325 1,088 13 45 0 394 100.0 17.4 58.3 0.7 2.4 0.0 21.1 1.3 0.3 17.7 0.4 1.2 0.0 2.41982–83 ....................... 1,872 337 1,025 15 37 2 456 100.0 18.0 54.8 0.8 2.0 0.1 24.4 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 1,791 314 874 20 32 11 540 100.0 17.5 48.8 1.1 1.8 0.6 30.2 1.3 0.3 16.8 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.71986–87 ....................... 1,584 271 782 6 112 4 409 100.0 17.1 49.4 0.4 7.1 0.3 25.8 1.1 0.3 15.2 0.2 2.1 0.8 1.91988–89 ....................... 1,477 303 740 16 79 1 338 100.0 20.5 50.1 1.1 5.3 0.1 22.9 1.0 0.3 14.3 0.5 1.3 0.2 1.41989–90 ....................... 1,494 354 746 13 75 6 300 100.0 23.7 49.9 0.9 5.0 0.4 20.1 1.0 0.3 13.5 0.4 1.2 1.3 1.21990–91 2 .................... 1,459 335 764 16 86 0 258 100.0 23.0 52.4 1.1 5.9 0.0 17.7 1.0 0.3 13.4 0.4 1.4 0.0 1.11991–92 ....................... 1,472 363 780 19 63 1 246 100.0 24.7 53.0 1.3 4.3 0.1 16.7 0.9 0.3 12.9 0.5 0.9 0.2 1.01992–93 4 .................... 1,614 371 821 16 98 3 305 100.0 23.0 50.9 1.0 6.1 0.2 18.9 1.0 0.3 12.0 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.11993–94 5 .................... 1,657 336 939 22 110 1 249 100.0 20.3 56.7 1.3 6.6 0.1 15.0 0.9 0.3 12.7 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.8

Women

1976–77 ....................... 3,729 550 3,071 7 21 2 78 100.0 14.7 82.4 0.2 0.6 0.1 2.1 2.5 0.4 23.2 0.2 1.1 0.4 2.01978–79 ....................... 3,337 574 2,643 15 12 6 87 100.0 17.2 79.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 2.6 2.3 0.5 21.4 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.91980–81 ....................... 2,757 507 2,097 10 25 5 113 100.0 18.4 76.1 0.4 0.9 0.2 4.1 1.9 0.4 19.1 0.3 1.0 0.9 2.11982–83 ....................... 2,619 437 1,931 16 23 3 209 100.0 16.7 73.7 0.6 0.9 0.1 8.0 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 2,399 485 1,681 14 26 9 184 100.0 20.2 70.1 0.6 1.1 0.4 7.7 1.7 0.4 19.2 0.4 0.9 1.3 2.51986–87 ....................... 2,428 573 1,661 19 43 6 126 100.0 23.6 68.4 0.8 1.8 0.2 5.2 1.6 0.5 19.0 0.5 1.3 1.0 1.51988–89 1 .................... 2,427 582 1,648 21 40 7 129 100.0 24.0 67.9 0.9 1.6 0.3 5.3 1.5 0.4 18.5 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.31989–90 ....................... 2,542 749 1,606 21 42 7 117 100.0 29.5 63.2 0.8 1.7 0.3 4.6 1.5 0.5 16.2 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.01990–91 2 .................... 2,680 752 1,741 25 46 5 111 100.0 28.1 65.0 0.9 1.7 0.2 4.1 1.5 0.5 16.7 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.91991–92 3 .................... 2,730 690 1,839 24 41 7 129 100.0 25.3 67.4 0.9 1.5 0.3 4.7 1.4 0.5 15.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.01992–93 4 .................... 2,986 796 1,945 23 60 4 158 100.0 26.7 65.1 0.8 2.0 0.1 5.3 1.5 0.5 15.0 0.4 0.9 0.5 1.01993–94 5 .................... 3,293 804 2,248 11 76 8 146 100.0 24.4 68.3 0.3 2.3 0.2 4.4 1.6 0.5 15.5 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.9

—Data not available.1Excludes 12 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.2Excludes 2 men and 4 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.3Excludes 20 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.4Excludes 3 men and 9 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.5Excludes 13 men and 23 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

6 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General

Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated PostsecondaryEducation Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
42 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES Table 19.—Doctor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1976–77 to 1993–94 Year and sex of student Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred Degrees from historically black colleges and universities as a percent of total doctor’s degrees Total White, non- Hispanic Black, non- Hispanic Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Non- resident alien Total White, non- Hispanic Black, non- Hispanic Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Non- resident alien Total White, non- Hispanic Black, non- Hispanic Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Non- resident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Total 1976–77 ....................... 66 3 35 0 1 0 27 100.0 4.5 53.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 40.9 0.2 (1) 2.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.7 1978–79 ....................... 83 4 50 1 2 0 26 100.0 4.8 60.2 1.2 2.4 0.0 31.3 0.3 (1) 3.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 1980–81 ....................... 102 10 69 1 0 0 22 100.0 9.8 67.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 21.6 0.3 (1) 5.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1982–83 ....................... 135 6 85 0 3 0 41 100.0 4.4 63.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 30.4 — — — — — — — 1984–85 ....................... 174 22 105 0 2 0 45 100.0 12.6 60.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 25.9 0.5 0.1 9.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 1986–87 ....................... 194 23 114 0 7 0 50 100.0 11.9 58.8 0.0 3.6 0.0 25.8 0.6 0.1 10.8 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 1988–89 2 .................... 187 11 128 0 4 0 44 100.0 5.9 68.4 0.0 2.1 0.0 23.5 0.5 0.0 12.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.6 1989–90 ....................... 207 20 143 1 0 0 43 100.0 9.7 69.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 20.8 0.5 0.1 12.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 1990–91 ....................... 200 30 131 0 3 1 35 100.0 15.0 65.5 0.0 1.5 0.5 17.5 0.5 0.1 10.8 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.4 1991–92 ....................... 205 46 119 2 2 0 36 100.0 22.4 58.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 17.6 0.5 0.2 9.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 1992–93 3 .................... 213 31 128 1 6 0 47 100.0 14.6 60.1 0.5 2.8 0.0 22.1 0.5 0.1 9.5 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.4 1993–94 4 .................... 210 32 130 5 3 0 40 100.0 15.2 61.9 2.4 1.4 0.0 19.0 0.5 0.1 9.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 Men 1976–77 ....................... 42 1 17 0 1 0 23 100.0 2.4 40.5 0.0 2.4 0.0 54.8 0.2 (1) 2.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.7

1978–79 ....................... 56 3 27 1 1 0 24 100.0 5.4 48.2 1.8 1.8 0.0 42.9 0.2 (1) 3.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.71980–81 ....................... 65 7 45 0 0 0 13 100.0 10.8 69.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.3 (1) 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.41982–83 ....................... 89 3 54 0 3 0 29 100.0 3.4 60.7 0.0 3.4 0.0 32.6 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 106 13 54 0 2 0 37 100.0 12.3 50.9 0.0 1.9 0.0 34.9 0.5 0.1 9.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.81986–87 ....................... 105 15 49 0 4 0 37 100.0 14.3 46.7 0.0 3.8 0.0 35.2 0.5 0.1 10.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.71988–89 2 .................... 103 7 60 0 3 0 33 100.0 6.8 58.3 0.0 2.9 0.0 32.0 0.5 0.0 12.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.51989–90 ....................... 105 9 64 1 0 0 31 100.0 8.6 61.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 29.5 0.4 0.1 12.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.41990–91 ....................... 118 16 73 0 3 1 25 100.0 13.6 61.9 0.0 2.5 0.8 21.2 0.5 0.1 12.6 0.0 0.3 1.7 0.31991–92 ....................... 105 16 62 1 2 0 24 100.0 15.2 59.0 1.0 1.9 0.0 22.9 0.4 0.1 10.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.31992–93 3 .................... 93 9 44 0 4 0 36 100.0 9.7 47.3 0.0 4.3 0.0 38.7 0.4 0.1 7.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.41993–94 ....................... 105 14 61 2 0 0 28 100.0 13.3 58.1 1.9 0.0 0.0 26.7 0.4 0.1 9.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3

Women

1976–77 ....................... 24 2 18 0 0 0 4 100.0 8.3 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 0.3 (1) 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.81978–79 ....................... 27 1 23 0 1 0 2 100.0 3.7 85.2 0.0 3.7 0.0 7.4 0.3 (1) 4.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.31980–81 ....................... 37 3 24 1 0 0 9 100.0 8.1 64.9 2.7 0.0 0.0 24.3 0.4 (1) 4.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.41982–83 ....................... 46 3 31 0 0 0 12 100.0 6.5 67.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.1 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 68 9 51 0 0 0 8 100.0 13.2 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.8 0.6 0.1 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.91986–87 ....................... 89 8 65 0 3 0 13 100.0 9.0 73.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 14.6 0.7 0.1 11.4 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.21988–89 2 .................... 84 4 68 0 1 0 11 100.0 4.8 81.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 13.1 0.6 0.0 11.8 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.81989–90 ....................... 102 11 79 0 0 0 12 100.0 10.8 77.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.8 0.7 0.1 12.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.71990–91 ....................... 82 14 58 0 0 0 10 100.0 17.1 70.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 0.6 0.1 9.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.51991–92 ....................... 100 30 57 1 0 0 12 100.0 30.0 57.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 0.7 0.3 8.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.51992–93 3 .................... 120 22 84 1 2 0 11 100.0 18.3 70.0 0.8 1.7 0.0 9.2 0.7 0.2 11.4 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.41993–94 4 .................... 105 18 69 3 3 0 12 100.0 17.1 65.7 2.9 2.9 0.0 11.4 0.6 0.1 9.1 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.4

—Data not available.1 Less than 0.05 percent.2Excludes 2 men and 1 woman whose race/ethnicity was not available.3Excludes 1 man and 5 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.4Excludes 3 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

NOTE: Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 43

Table 20.—First-professional degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity and sex of student:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Year and sex of

student

Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

Degrees from historically black colleges and universities as a percent of

total first-professional degrees

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanic Hispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Total

1976–77 ....................... 731 113 552 12 3 1 50 100.0 15.5 75.5 1.6 0.4 0.1 6.8 1.1 0.2 21.8 1.1 0.3 0.5 7.11978–79 ....................... 801 111 601 26 5 5 53 100.0 13.9 75.0 3.2 0.6 0.6 6.6 1.2 0.2 21.2 2.0 0.5 1.0 8.31980–81 ....................... 883 159 622 21 11 5 65 100.0 18.0 70.4 2.4 1.2 0.6 7.4 1.2 0.2 21.2 1.4 0.8 2.6 9.71982–83 ....................... 866 97 693 25 1 1 49 100.0 11.2 80.0 2.9 0.1 0.1 5.7 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 962 165 693 28 5 3 68 100.0 17.2 72.0 2.9 0.5 0.3 7.1 1.4 0.3 22.9 1.5 0.3 1.2 7.91986–87 1 .................... 872 142 618 15 23 20 54 100.0 16.3 70.9 1.7 2.6 2.3 6.2 1.2 0.2 18.1 0.7 1.0 6.6 6.11988–89 2 .................... 693 132 478 10 16 1 56 100.0 19.0 69.0 1.4 2.3 0.1 8.1 1.0 0.2 15.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 5.71989–90 ....................... 820 149 552 33 18 4 64 100.0 18.2 67.3 4.0 2.2 0.5 7.8 1.2 0.2 16.2 1.4 0.5 1.6 6.11990–91 3 .................... 798 173 509 46 15 0 55 100.0 21.7 63.8 5.8 1.9 0.0 6.9 1.1 0.3 14.2 1.8 0.4 0.0 5.11991–92 ....................... 756 172 449 43 16 1 75 100.0 22.8 59.4 5.7 2.1 0.1 9.9 1.0 0.3 12.6 1.6 0.4 0.3 6.01992–93 ....................... 966 185 627 55 19 0 80 100.0 19.2 64.9 5.7 2.0 0.0 8.3 1.3 0.3 15.3 1.8 0.4 0.0 5.31993–94 4 .................... 1,011 169 688 48 33 1 72 100.0 16.7 68.1 4.7 3.3 0.1 7.1 1.3 0.3 15.5 1.5 0.6 0.3 5.0

Men

1976–77 ....................... 567 100 408 11 2 1 45 100.0 17.6 72.0 1.9 0.4 0.2 7.9 1.1 0.2 23.2 1.2 0.3 0.6 7.31978–79 ....................... 586 93 422 23 2 5 41 100.0 15.9 72.0 3.9 0.3 0.9 7.0 1.1 0.2 23.7 2.3 0.2 3.3 7.91980–81 ....................... 620 117 419 20 8 4 52 100.0 18.9 67.6 3.2 1.3 0.6 8.4 1.2 0.2 23.6 1.8 0.8 3.0 9.71982–83 ....................... 552 69 423 19 0 1 40 100.0 12.5 76.6 3.4 0.0 0.2 7.2 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 592 103 407 25 4 3 50 100.0 17.4 68.8 4.2 0.7 0.5 8.4 1.2 0.2 25.1 2.0 0.3 1.7 7.31986–87 1 .................... 538 98 364 14 19 9 34 100.0 18.2 67.7 2.6 3.5 1.7 6.3 1.2 0.2 19.8 1.1 1.3 4.9 5.41988–89 2 .................... 418 90 273 6 12 1 36 100.0 21.5 65.3 1.4 2.9 0.2 8.6 0.9 0.2 16.9 0.4 0.7 0.7 5.21989–90 ....................... 489 100 306 24 14 2 43 100.0 20.4 62.6 4.9 2.9 0.4 8.8 1.1 0.3 18.3 1.7 0.7 1.5 6.11990–91 3 .................... 458 127 259 26 10 0 36 100.0 27.7 56.6 5.7 2.2 0.0 7.9 1.1 0.3 15.5 1.7 0.5 0.0 4.81991–92 ....................... 424 116 222 27 9 1 49 100.0 27.4 52.4 6.4 2.1 0.2 11.6 1.0 0.3 13.8 1.7 0.3 0.6 5.51992–93 ....................... 500 122 295 27 9 0 47 100.0 24.4 59.0 5.4 1.8 0.0 9.4 1.1 0.3 16.6 1.5 0.3 0.0 4.41993–94 4 .................... 520 105 320 29 21 0 45 100.0 20.2 61.5 5.6 4.0 0.0 8.7 1.2 0.3 16.8 1.6 0.7 0.0 4.4

Women

1976–77 ....................... 164 13 144 1 1 0 5 100.0 7.9 87.8 0.6 0.6 0.0 3.0 1.4 0.1 18.6 0.5 0.4 0.0 5.71978–79 ....................... 215 18 179 3 3 0 12 100.0 8.4 83.3 1.4 1.4 0.0 5.6 1.3 0.1 17.0 1.0 4.5 0.0 9.91980–81 ....................... 263 42 203 1 3 1 13 100.0 16.0 77.2 0.4 1.1 0.4 4.9 1.4 0.2 17.5 0.2 0.6 1.7 9.81982–83 ....................... 314 28 270 6 1 0 9 100.0 8.9 86.0 1.9 0.3 0.0 2.9 — — — — — — —1984–85 ....................... 370 62 286 3 1 0 18 100.0 16.8 77.3 0.8 0.3 0.0 4.9 1.6 0.3 20.3 0.5 0.2 0.0 10.01986–87 ....................... 334 44 254 1 4 11 20 100.0 13.2 76.0 0.3 1.2 3.3 6.0 1.3 0.2 16.0 0.1 0.5 9.1 8.01988–89 2 .................... 275 42 205 4 4 0 20 100.0 15.3 74.5 1.5 1.5 0.0 7.3 1.1 0.2 13.4 0.4 0.3 0.0 6.71989–90 ....................... 331 49 246 9 4 2 21 100.0 14.8 74.3 2.7 1.2 0.6 6.3 1.2 0.2 14.2 0.9 0.3 1.6 6.21990–91 3 .................... 340 46 250 20 5 0 19 100.0 13.5 73.5 5.9 1.5 0.0 5.6 1.2 0.2 13.1 2.0 0.3 0.0 6.01991–92 ....................... 332 56 227 16 7 0 26 100.0 16.9 68.4 4.8 2.1 0.0 7.8 1.2 0.2 11.6 1.4 0.4 0.0 7.11992–93 ....................... 466 63 332 28 10 0 33 100.0 13.5 71.2 6.0 2.1 0.0 7.1 1.5 0.3 14.3 2.3 0.4 0.0 7.51993–94 ....................... 491 64 368 19 12 1 27 100.0 13.0 74.9 3.9 2.4 0.2 5.5 1.6 0.3 14.5 1.4 0.4 0.7 6.4

—Data not available.1Excludes 6 men whose race/ethnicity was not available.2Excludes 75 men and 75 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.3Excludes 6 men and 8 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.4Excludes 2 men whose race/ethnicity was not available.

NOTE: Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
44 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 21.—Associate degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, major field

of study, and sex of student: 1993–94

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Associate degrees

from HBCUs as a

percent of total

associate degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields 1 .................................................. 2,820 1,147 1,466 148 22 6 31 0.5 3.2

Men ..................................................... 983 422 450 74 16 4 17 0.4 2.6

Women ............................................... 1,837 725 1,016 74 6 2 14 0.6 3.5

Agriculture and natural resources ................. 1 1 —————(2) —

Men ........................................................ 1 1 —————(2) —

Women ...................................................—————————

Architecture and environmental design ........ 3 3 — — — — — 0.8 —

Men ........................................................ 1 1 — — — — — 0.9 —

Women ................................................... 2 2 — — — — — 0.8 —

Area and ethnic studies ................................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Biological sciences ........................................ 10 1 9 — — — — 0.5 9.1

Men ........................................................ 2 — 2 — — — — 0.3 6.5

Women ................................................... 8 1 7 — — — — 0.7 10.3

Business and management .......................... 492 144 293 36 3 — 16 0.5 2.5

Men ........................................................ 126 27 75 16 2 — 6 0.4 2.1

Women ................................................... 366 117 218 20 1 — 10 0.5 2.6

Communications ............................................ 15 8 7 — — — — 0.3 1.3

Men ........................................................ 5 4 1 — — — — 0.2 0.3

Women ................................................... 10 4 6 — — — — 0.5 2.6

Computer and information sciences ............. 106 42 54 7 2 1 — 1.1 4.9

Men ........................................................ 46 20 23 1 1 1 — 1.0 5.3

Women ................................................... 60 22 31 6 1 — — 1.3 4.6

Construction trades ....................................... 19 6 8 5 — — — 1.1 8.9

Men ........................................................ 18 6 7 5 — — — 1.1 8.5

Women ................................................... 1 — 1 — — — — 1.3 12.5

Education ...................................................... 83 2 79 2 — — — 0.8 8.8

Men ........................................................ 20 1 17 2 — — — 0.6 5.0

Women ................................................... 63 1 62 — — — — 0.9 11.1

Engineering ................................................... 14 — 10 1 3 — — 0.5 5.4

Men ........................................................ 13 — 9 1 3 — — 0.5 5.9

Women ................................................... 1 — 1 — — — — 0.3 3.1

Engineering technologies .............................. 174 123 32 16 3 — — 0.5 1.1

Men ........................................................ 154 113 23 15 3 — — 0.5 0.9

Women ................................................... 20 10 9 1 — — — 0.5 2.0

English language, literature, and letters ....... 1 — 1 — — — — 0.1 1.4

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ................................................... 1 — 1 — — — — 0.1 2.3

Foreign languages ........................................ 1 1 — — — — — 0.2 —

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ................................................... 1 1 — — — — — 0.3 —

Health professions ........................................ 1,040 603 382 45 7 1 2 1.1 5.7

Men ........................................................ 204 117 63 20 3 — 1 1.3 5.5

Women ................................................... 836 486 319 25 4 1 1 1.0 5.7

Home economics .......................................... 49 9 36 4 — — — 0.6 4.1

Men ........................................................ 7 5 2 — — — — 1.1 3.6

Women ................................................... 42 4 34 4 — — — 0.6 4.1

Law ................................................................ 4 3 1 ————(2) 0.1

Men ........................................................ 1 1 — — — — — 0.1 —

Women ................................................... 3 2 1 ————(2) 0.1

Liberal/general studies .................................. 294 68 203 7 2 1 13 0.2 1.5

Men ........................................................ 116 34 68 2 2 — 10 0.2 1.3

Women ................................................... 178 34 135 5 — 1 3 0.2 1.6

Library and archival science ......................... 1 — 1 — — — — 0.8 12.5

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ................................................... 1 — 1 — — — — 1.0 14.3

Mathematics .................................................. —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Mechanics and repairers ............................... 61 33 17 11 — — — 0.5 2.1

Men ........................................................ 40 23 16 1 — — — 0.4 2.2

Women ................................................... 21 10 1 10 — — — 2.8 1.2
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 45

Table 21.—Associate degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, major field

of study, and sex of student: 1993–94—Continued

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Associate degrees

from HBCUs as a

percent of total

associate degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Military sciences ............................................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................ 5 5 — — — — — 0.1 —

Men ........................................................ 4 4 — — — — — 0.1 —

Women ................................................... 1 1 ———————

Parks and recreation ..................................... —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Philosophy and religion ................................. 1 — 1 — — — — 1.1 20.0

Men ........................................................ 1 — 1 — — — — 1.8 20.0

Women ...................................................—————————

Physical sciences .......................................... 22 15 6 — 1 — — 0.8 3.2

Men ........................................................ 17 12 4 — 1 — — 1.1 5.3

Women ................................................... 5 3 2 — — — — 0.5 1.8

Precision production trades .......................... 61 34 13 10 1 3 — 0.6 3.4

Men ........................................................ 51 26 12 9 1 3 — 0.7 4.1

Women ................................................... 10 8 1 1 — — — 0.5 1.1

Protective services ........................................ 159 43 116 — — — — 0.8 6.9

Men ........................................................ 81 26 55 — — — — 0.6 6.3

Women ................................................... 78 17 61 — — — — 1.4 7.6

Psychology .................................................... 10 2 5 3 — — — 0.6 3.3

Men ........................................................ 5 1 2 2 — — — 1.2 4.1

Women ................................................... 5 1 3 1 — — — 0.4 2.9

Public affairs .................................................. 31 — 31 — — — — 0.8 4.3

Men ........................................................ 5 — 5 — — — — 0.7 3.3

Women ................................................... 26 — 26 — — — — 0.9 4.5

Social sciences and history .......................... 20 — 19 1 — — — 0.5 4.6

Men ........................................................ 14 — 14 — — — — 0.9 8.8

Women ................................................... 6 — 5 1 — — — 0.2 2.0

Theology ........................................................ —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Transportation and material moving workers 2 — 2 — — — — 0.1 1.4

Men ........................................................ 1 — 1 — — — — 0.1 0.8

Women ................................................... 1 — 1 — — — — 0.3 5.3

Visual and performing arts ............................ 3 1 2 ————(2) 0.2

Men ........................................................ 1 — 1 ————(2) 0.2

Women ................................................... 2 1 1 ————(2) 0.3

Undistributed ................................................. 138 — 138 — — — — 9.0 —

Men ........................................................ 49 — 49 — — — — 6.1 —

Women ................................................... 89 — 89 ———— 12.2 —

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Excludes 1 man and 9 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

2 Less than .05 percent.

NOTE.—To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the

degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture and natural

resources’’ includes Agribusiness and agriculture production, Agricultural sciences, and

Renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business and management’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations and marketing and distribution,

and Personal and miscellaneous services; ‘‘Communications’’ includes Communications

and Communications technologies; ‘‘Physical sciences’’ includes Physical sciences and

Science technologies. Information on data adjustments appears in technical appendix.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1996.)
46 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 22.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, major

field of study, and sex of student: 1993–94

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Bachelor’s degrees

from HBCUs as a

percent of total

bachelor’s degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields 1 .................................................. 27,391 2,955 23,434 154 197 44 607 2.3 28.0

Men ..................................................... 10,224 1,178 8,475 78 139 23 331 1.9 27.7

Women ............................................... 17,167 1,777 14,959 76 58 21 276 2.7 28.3

Agriculture and natural resources ................. 299 38 239 5 1 — 16 1.7 47.6

Men ........................................................ 174 25 131 3 — — 15 1.5 49.2

Women ................................................... 125 13 108 2 1 — 1 2.0 45.8

Architecture and environmental design ........ 148 15 102 12 1 3 15 1.6 29.3

Men ........................................................ 108 11 73 9 1 3 11 1.9 31.3

Women ................................................... 40 4 29 3 — — 4 1.2 25.2

Area and ethnic studies ................................ 9 — 9 — — — — 0.2 1.4

Men ........................................................ 2 — 2 — — — — 0.1 0.9

Women ................................................... 7 — 7 — — — — 0.2 1.7

Biological sciences ........................................ 1,322 58 1,197 6 9 3 49 2.6 39.6

Men ........................................................ 399 31 334 4 5 2 23 1.6 35.4

Women ................................................... 923 27 863 2 4 1 26 3.5 41.5

Business and management .......................... 6,908 500 6,165 13 51 9 170 2.8 30.3

Men ........................................................ 2,809 223 2,445 6 38 5 92 2.2 30.7

Women ................................................... 4,099 277 3,720 7 13 4 78 3.5 30.0

Communications ............................................ 1,193 42 1,132 3 1 1 14 2.3 26.9

Men ........................................................ 408 24 376 2 1 — 5 1.9 25.8

Women ................................................... 785 18 756 1 — 1 9 2.6 27.5

Computer and information sciences ............. 1,045 71 904 3 18 3 46 4.3 36.8

Men ........................................................ 473 49 381 1 14 2 26 2.7 32.1

Women ................................................... 572 22 523 2 4 1 20 8.3 41.3

Construction trades ....................................... 13 1 11 — 1 — — 17.3 100.0

Men ........................................................ 10 1 8 — 1 — — 14.3 100.0

Women ................................................... 3 — 3 ———— 60.0 100.0

Education ...................................................... 3,057 572 2,420 20 6 8 31 2.8 38.3

Men ........................................................ 726 146 563 5 2 3 7 3.0 38.1

Women ................................................... 2,331 426 1,857 15 4 5 24 2.8 38.4

Engineering ................................................... 847 61 690 12 36 — 48 1.4 25.4

Men ........................................................ 563 56 425 11 31 — 40 1.1 23.3

Women ................................................... 284 5 265 1 5 — 8 2.8 29.8

Engineering technologies .............................. 565 94 416 11 12 1 31 3.6 35.0

Men ........................................................ 450 85 317 10 12 1 25 3.1 33.4

Women ................................................... 115 9 99 1 — — 6 8.0 41.3

English language, literature, and letters ....... 923 48 858 4 1 1 11 1.7 26.4

Men ........................................................ 241 13 223 1 — 1 3 1.3 26.9

Women ................................................... 682 35 635 3 1 — 8 1.9 26.2

Foreign languages ........................................ 71 4 57 7 — — 3 0.5 11.2

Men ........................................................ 17 1 13 1 — — 2 0.4 11.5

Women ................................................... 54 3 44 6 — — 1 0.5 11.1

Health professions ........................................ 1,509 502 924 12 23 6 42 2.0 18.9

Men ........................................................ 277 102 143 5 8 2 17 2.1 21.2

Women ................................................... 1,232 400 781 7 15 4 25 2.0 18.5

Home economics .......................................... 292 17 263 — — — 12 1.9 27.4

Men ........................................................ 37 2 33 — — — 2 1.9 22.3

Women ................................................... 255 15 230 — — — 10 1.9 28.4

Law ................................................................ 3 1 2 — — — — 0.1 1.0

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ................................................... 3 1 2 — — — — 0.2 1.3

Liberal/general studies .................................. 139 26 111 — — — 2 0.4 3.7

Men ........................................................ 38 8 29 — — — 1 0.3 2.9

Women ................................................... 101 18 82 — — — 1 0.5 4.2

Library and archival science .........................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Mathematics .................................................. 501 34 449 2 7 — 9 3.5 44.7

Men ........................................................ 211 15 181 1 6 — 8 2.7 38.9

Women ................................................... 290 19 268 1 1 — 1 4.4 49.7

Mechanics and repairers ...............................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 47

Table 22.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, major

field of study, and sex of student: 1993–94—Continued

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Bachelor’s degrees

from HBCUs as a

percent of total

bachelor’s degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Military sciences ............................................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................ 575 271 298 3 — — 3 2.3 17.9

Men ........................................................ 251 115 134 1 — — 1 2.8 24.1

Women ................................................... 324 156 164 2 — — 2 2.0 14.9

Parks and recreation ..................................... 186 15 166 — — — 5 1.6 29.9

Men ........................................................ 87 5 81 — — — 1 1.5 25.3

Women ................................................... 99 10 85 — — — 4 1.8 36.0

Philosophy and religion ................................. 83 4 72 1 1 — 5 1.1 22.6

Men ........................................................ 64 3 58 1 1 — 1 1.3 28.0

Women ................................................... 19 1 14 — — — 4 0.7 12.5

Physical sciences .......................................... 500 37 420 3 11 — 29 2.7 44.4

Men ........................................................ 248 23 197 1 9 — 18 2.0 41.5

Women ................................................... 252 14 223 2 2 — 11 4.1 47.6

Precision production trades .......................... 28 1 24 1 1 — 1 6.7 58.5

Men ........................................................ 22 1 18 1 1 — 1 7.1 58.1

Women ................................................... 6 — 6 — — — — 5.4 60.0

Protective services ........................................ 1,373 154 1,201 3 5 2 8 6.0 34.5

Men ........................................................ 656 98 544 3 3 1 7 4.6 33.3

Women ................................................... 717 56 657 — 2 1 1 8.1 35.6

Psychology .................................................... 1,457 121 1,308 10 4 1 13 2.1 24.4

Men ........................................................ 331 31 293 3 2 — 2 1.8 23.1

Women ................................................... 1,126 90 1,015 7 2 1 11 2.2 24.8

Public affairs .................................................. 783 51 720 1 — — 11 4.4 26.5

Men ........................................................ 153 12 140 — — — 1 3.9 23.6

Women ................................................... 630 39 580 1 — — 10 4.5 27.3

Social sciences and history .......................... 2,925 179 2,692 15 5 5 29 2.2 25.7

Men ........................................................ 1,170 83 1,058 5 2 3 19 1.6 23.3

Women ................................................... 1,755 96 1,634 10 3 2 10 2.8 27.6

Theology ........................................................ 21 — 20 — — — 1 0.4 10.6

Men ........................................................ 21 — 20 — — — 1 0.5 13.9

Women ...................................................—————————

Transportation and material moving workers 53 13 38 1 — — 1 1.4 20.8

Men ........................................................ 38 9 27 1 — — 1 1.1 17.3

Women ................................................... 15 4 11 — — — — 3.5 40.7

Visual and performing arts ............................ 510 25 473 6 3 1 2 1.0 22.9

Men ........................................................ 217 6 205 3 2 — 1 1.1 22.5

Women ................................................... 293 19 268 3 1 1 1 1.0 23.2

Undistributed ................................................. 53 — 53 — — — — 1.6 —

Men ........................................................ 23 — 23 — — — — 1.4 —

Women ................................................... 30 — 30 — — — — 1.8 —

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Excludes 25 men and 9 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

NOTE.—To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the

degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture and natural

resources’’ includes Agribusiness and agriculture production, Agricultural sciences, and

Renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business and management’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations and marketing and distribution,

and Personal and miscellaneous services; ‘‘Communications’’ includes Communications

and Communications technologies; ‘‘Physical sciences’’ includes Physical sciences and

Science technologies. Information on data adjustments appears in technical appendix.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1996.)
48 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 23.—Master’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, major field

of study, and sex of student: 1993–94

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Master’s degrees

from HBCUs as a

percent of total

master’s degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields 1 .................................................. 4,950 1,140 3,187 33 186 9 395 1.3 14.5

Men ..................................................... 1,657 336 939 22 110 1 249 0.9 12.7

Women ............................................... 3,293 804 2,248 11 76 8 146 1.6 15.5

Agriculture and natural resources ................. 87 3 56 2 6 — 20 2.1 48.3

Men ........................................................ 64 1 39 2 6 — 16 2.5 54.2

Women ................................................... 23 2 17 — — — 4 1.4 38.6

Architecture and environmental design ........ 45 18 23 1 — — 3 1.1 16.0

Men ........................................................ 33 15 14 1 — — 3 1.4 16.1

Women ................................................... 12 3 9 — — — — 0.8 15.8

Area and ethnic studies ................................ 6 — 5 — — — 1 0.4 4.4

Men ........................................................ 4 — 3 — — — 1 0.5 6.5

Women ................................................... 2 — 2 — — — — 0.2 3.0

Biological sciences ........................................ 61 7 34 2 7 — 11 1.2 22.8

Men ........................................................ 19 3 7 1 2 — 6 0.8 14.0

Women ................................................... 42 4 27 1 5 — 5 1.5 27.3

Business and management .......................... 730 100 480 7 41 — 102 0.8 9.2

Men ........................................................ 336 53 191 5 23 — 64 0.6 7.6

Women ................................................... 394 47 289 2 18 — 38 1.2 10.7

Communications ............................................ 55 5 41 — — — 9 1.0 11.3

Men ........................................................ 13 1 8 — — — 4 0.6 7.9

Women ................................................... 42 4 33 — — — 5 1.3 12.5

Computer and information sciences ............. 250 18 87 1 56 — 88 2.4 22.3

Men ........................................................ 153 13 40 1 36 — 63 2.0 18.1

Women ................................................... 97 5 47 — 20 — 25 3.6 27.6

Education ...................................................... 2,048 576 1,404 11 20 7 30 2.1 19.5

Men ........................................................ 498 143 330 4 8 — 13 2.2 21.0

Women ................................................... 1,550 433 1,074 7 12 7 17 2.0 19.1

Engineering ................................................... 97 10 43 1 24 — 19 0.3 6.9

Men ........................................................ 74 9 28 1 21 — 15 0.3 6.3

Women ................................................... 23 1 15 — 3 — 4 0.5 8.6

Engineering technologies .............................. 23 5 15 1 — — 2 2.0 25.4

Men ........................................................ 15 4 9 1 — — 1 1.6 20.0

Women ................................................... 8 1 6 — — — 1 4.1 42.9

English language, literature, and letters ....... 23 7 16 — — — — 0.3 6.5

Men ........................................................ 4 3 1 — — — — 0.1 1.9

Women ................................................... 19 4 15 — — — — 0.4 7.7

Foreign languages ........................................ 4 — 4 — — — — 0.1 8.2

Men ........................................................ 3 — 3 — — — — 0.3 18.8

Women ................................................... 1 — 1 — — — — 0.0 3.0

Health professions ........................................ 214 77 131 1 1 — 4 0.8 8.8

Men ........................................................ 41 20 19 1 — — 1 0.7 8.2

Women ................................................... 173 57 112 — 1 — 3 0.8 8.9

Home economics .......................................... 42 2 32 — 3 — 5 1.7 23.0

Men ........................................................ 2 — 2 — — — — 0.5 10.0

Women ................................................... 40 2 30 — 3 — 5 2.0 25.2

Law ................................................................ 9 — 1 — 1 — 7 0.4 2.1

Men ........................................................ 3 — 1 — — — 2 0.2 4.2

Women ................................................... 6 — — — 1 — 5 0.7 —

Liberal/general studies .................................. 21 — 20 — — — 1 0.8 16.0

Men ........................................................ 8 — 7 — — — 1 0.9 15.9

Women ................................................... 13 — 13 — — — — 0.8 16.0

Library and archival science ......................... 115 55 52 — 1 — 7 2.2 21.3

Men ........................................................ 19 8 8 — — — 3 1.8 15.1

Women ................................................... 96 47 44 — 1 — 4 2.4 23.0

Mathematics .................................................. 39 5 21 — 1 — 12 1.0 17.8

Men ........................................................ 26 3 12 — 1 — 10 1.0 17.6

Women ................................................... 13 2 9 — — — 2 0.8 18.0

Military sciences ............................................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................ 3 2 1 — — — — 0.1 0.9

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ................................................... 3 2 1 — — — — 0.2 1.4
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 49

Table 23.—Master’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, major field

of study, and sex of student: 1993–94—Continued

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Master’s degrees

from HBCUs as a

percent of total

master’s degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Parks and recreation ..................................... 9 — 8 — — — 1 0.6 10.3

Men ........................................................ 5 — 4 — — — 1 0.6 10.5

Women ................................................... 4 — 4 — — — — 0.5 10.0

Philosophy and religion ................................. 2 — 2 — — — — 0.1 5.3

Men ........................................................ 2 — 2 — — — — 0.2 10.5

Women ...................................................—————————

Physical sciences .......................................... 47 4 21 — 7 1 14 0.8 15.4

Men ........................................................ 29 2 10 — 6 — 11 0.7 12.5

Women ................................................... 18 2 11 — 1 1 3 1.1 19.6

Precision production trades .......................... —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Protective services ........................................ 41 4 35 — — — 2 2.9 15.9

Men ........................................................ 15 3 11 — — — 1 1.7 10.0

Women ................................................... 26 1 24 — — — 1 4.9 21.8

Psychology .................................................... 194 71 111 1 4 — 7 1.6 16.8

Men ........................................................ 52 15 33 — — — 4 1.5 19.8

Women ................................................... 142 56 78 1 4 — 3 1.6 15.9

Public affairs .................................................. 588 151 398 3 7 — 29 2.7 15.9

Men ........................................................ 148 31 96 3 4 — 14 2.3 15.7

Women ................................................... 440 120 302 — 3 — 15 2.9 15.9

Social sciences and history .......................... 161 15 121 2 5 1 17 1.1 16.4

Men ........................................................ 70 7 46 2 2 1 12 0.9 13.7

Women ................................................... 91 8 75 — 3 — 5 1.4 18.7

Theology ........................................................ 18 — 16 — — — 2 0.4 6.2

Men ........................................................ 12 — 10 — — — 2 0.4 5.5

Women ................................................... 6 — 6 — — — — 0.3 7.8

Transportation and material moving workers —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Visual and performing arts ............................ 18 5 9 — 2 — 2 0.2 2.8

Men ........................................................ 9 2 5 — 1 — 1 0.2 3.8

Women ................................................... 9 3 4 — 1 — 1 0.2 2.1

Undistributed ................................................. —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Excludes 13 men and 23 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

NOTE.—To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the

degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture and natural

resources’’ includes Agribusiness and agriculture production, Agricultural sciences, and

Renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business and management’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations and marketing and distribution,

and Personal and miscellaneous services; ‘‘Communications’’ includes Communications

and Communications technologies; ‘‘Physical sciences’’ includes Physical sciences and

Science technologies. Information on data adjustments appears in technical appendix.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1996.)
50 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 24.—Doctor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, major field

of study, and sex of student: 1993–94

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Doctor’s degrees from

HBCUs as a

percent of total

doctor’s degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields 1 .................................................. 210 32 130 5 3 0 40 0.5 9.3

Men ..................................................... 105 14 61 2 0 0 28 0.4 9.7

Women ............................................... 105 18 69 3 3 0 12 0.6 9.1

Agriculture and natural resources .................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Architecture and environmental design ........ —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Area and ethnic studies ................................ 2 — 1 — — — 1 1.3 6.3

Men ........................................................ 1 — 1 — — — — 1.3 12.5

Women ................................................... 1 — — — — — 1 1.3 —

Biological sciences ........................................ 20 1 10 1 — — 8 0.4 15.6

Men ........................................................ 13 1 7 1 — — 4 0.5 22.6

Women ................................................... 7 — 3 — — — 4 0.4 9.1

Business and management .......................... —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Communications ............................................ 8 — 4 — — — 4 2.3 17.4

Men ........................................................ 5 — 2 — — — 3 2.9 22.2

Women ................................................... 3 — 2 — — — 1 1.8 14.3

Computer and information sciences ............. —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Education ...................................................... 97 30 59 4 1 — 3 1.4 11.3

Men ........................................................ 35 12 21 1 — — 1 1.3 13.1

Women ................................................... 62 18 38 3 1 — 2 1.5 10.5

Engineering ................................................... 6 — 4 — — — 2 0.1 6.7

Men ........................................................ 5 — 3 — — — 2 0.1 6.7

Women ................................................... 1 — 1 — — — — 0.2 6.7

Engineering technologies .............................. —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

English language, literature, and letters ....... 3 — 3 — — — — 0.2 9.4

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ................................................... 3 — 3 — — — — 0.4 11.5

Foreign languages ........................................ 1 — 1 — — — — 0.1 12.5

Men ........................................................ 1 — 1 — — — — 0.3 20.0

Women ...................................................—————————

Health professions ........................................ 3 — 3 — — — — 0.2 5.1

Men ........................................................ 1 — 1 — — — — 0.1 7.1

Women ................................................... 2 — 2 — — — — 0.2 4.4

Home economics .......................................... 1 — — — 1 — — 0.3 —

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ................................................... 1 — — — 1 — — 0.4 —

Law ................................................................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Liberal/general studies .................................. 2 — 2 — — — — 2.5 28.6

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ................................................... 2 — 2 — — — — 5.9 40.0

Library and archival science .........................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Mathematics .................................................. 3 — 2 — — — 1 0.3 28.6

Men ........................................................ 2 — 1 — — — 1 0.2 16.7

Women ................................................... 1 — 1 — — — — 0.4 100.0

Military sciences ............................................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................—————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 51

Table 24.—Doctor’s degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, major field

of study, and sex of student: 1993–94—Continued

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

Doctor’s degrees from

HBCUs as a

percent of total

doctor’s degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Parks and recreation ..................................... —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Philosophy and religion ................................. —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Physical sciences .......................................... 9 — 3 — 1 — 5 0.2 6.5

Men ........................................................ 7 — 2 — — — 5 0.2 5.7

Women ................................................... 2 — 1 — 1 — — 0.2 9.1

Precision production trades .......................... —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Protective services ........................................ —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Psychology .................................................... 13 — 9 — — — 4 0.4 7.1

Men ........................................................ 6 — 3 — — — 3 0.4 6.5

Women ................................................... 7 — 6 — — — 1 0.3 7.5

Public affairs .................................................. 7 — 4 — — — 3 1.3 9.1

Men ........................................................ 2 — — — — — 2 0.8 —

Women ................................................... 5 — 4 — — — 1 1.8 16.0

Social sciences and history .......................... 20 — 13 — — — 7 0.6 10.6

Men ........................................................ 15 — 9 — — — 6 0.6 13.2

Women ................................................... 5 — 4 — — — 1 0.4 7.3

Theology ........................................................ 15 1 12 — — — 2 1.0 10.6

Men ........................................................ 12 1 10 — — — 1 1.0 11.2

Women ................................................... 3 — 2 — — — 1 1.4 8.3

Transportation and material moving workers —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Visual and performing arts ............................ —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

Undistributed ................................................. —————————

Men ........................................................ —————————

Women ...................................................—————————

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Excludes 3 women whose race/ethnicity was not available.

NOTE.—To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the

degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture and natural

resources’’ includes Agribusiness and agriculture production, Agricultural sciences, and

Renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business and management’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations and marketing and distribution,

and Personal and miscellaneous services; ‘‘Communications’’ includes Communications

and Communications technologies; ‘‘Physical sciences’’ includes Physical sciences and

Science technologies. Information on data adjustments appears in technical appendix.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1996.)
52 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 25.—First-professional degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity,

major field of study, and sex of student: 1993–94

Major field of study and sex of student Total

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident

alien

First-professional

degrees from HBCUs

as a percent of total

first-professional

degrees

Total

Black,

nonHispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields 1 .................................................. 1,011 169 688 48 33 1 72 1.3 15.5

Men ..................................................... 520 105 320 29 21 — 45 1.2 16.8

Women ............................................... 491 64 368 19 12 1 27 1.6 14.5

Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.) ......................... 80 11 51 1 7 — 10 2.1 29.8

Men ........................................................ 41 4 29 — 2 — 6 1.8 39.7

Women ................................................... 39 7 22 1 5 — 4 2.7 22.4

Medicine (M.D.) ............................................. 169 9 123 6 14 — 17 1.1 13.1

Men ........................................................ 91 5 61 3 11 — 11 1.0 15.3

Women ................................................... 78 4 62 3 3 — 6 1.3 11.5

Optometry (O.D.) ........................................... ————————— Men ........................................................ ————————— Women ...................................................—————————

Osteopathic medicine (D.O.) ......................... ————————— Men ........................................................ ————————— Women ...................................................—————————

Pharmacy (D.Phar.) ...................................... 124 8 82 5 4 — 25 6.4 52.9

Men ........................................................ 39 5 17 4 2 — 11 6.1 43.6

Women ................................................... 85 3 65 1 2 — 14 6.6 56.0

Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or

podiatric medicine (DPM) .......................... ————————— Men ........................................................ ————————— Women ...................................................—————————

Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) ........................ 46 15 22 9 — — — 2.2 56.4

Men ........................................................ 16 5 7 4 — — — 2.0 63.6

Women ................................................... 30 10 15 5 — — — 2.3 53.6

Chiropractic medicine (D.C. or D.C.M.) ........————————— Men ........................................................ ————————— Women ...................................................—————————

Law, general (L.L.B. or J.D.) ......................... 447 123 271 27 8 1 17 1.1 11.0

Men ........................................................ 229 84 106 18 6 — 15 1.0 10.7

Women ................................................... 218 39 165 9 2 1 2 1.3 11.1

Theological professions, general

(B.D., M.Div., Rabbi) .................................. 145 3 139 — — — 3 2.4 27.1

Men ........................................................ 104 2 100 — — — 2 2.3 31.2

Women ................................................... 41 1 39 — — — 1 2.8 20.3

Other ............................................................. ————————— Men ........................................................ ————————— Women ...................................................—————————

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Excludes 2 men whose race/ethnicity was not available.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This table was prepared November 1995.)

Table 26.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by level of degree and sex of student:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Year

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s First-professional

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1976–77 ..... 2,753 1,283 1,470 23,551 10,201 13,350 6,150 2,421 3,729 66 42 24 731 567 164

1977–78 ..... 2,601 1,190 1,411 23,631 10,210 13,421 6,024 2,341 3,683 73 42 31 747 553 194

1978–79 ..... 2,465 1,011 1,454 23,649 10,067 13,582 5,440 2,103 3,337 83 56 27 801 586 215

1979–80 ..... 2,574 1,105 1,469 23,469 9,906 13,563 4,809 1,814 2,995 71 48 23 826 583 243

1980–81 ..... 2,635 1,101 1,534 22,922 10,142 12,780 4,622 1,865 2,757 102 65 37 883 620 263

1981–82 ..... 2,580 1,128 1,452 22,279 9,737 12,542 4,477 1,768 2,709 87 59 28 887 571 316

1982–83 ..... 2,482 1,024 1,458 22,205 9,675 12,530 4,491 1,872 2,619 135 89 46 866 552 314

1983–84 ..... 2,386 962 1,424 21,430 9,383 12,047 4,129 1,791 2,338 118 74 44 913 565 348

1984–85 ..... 2,691 1,085 1,606 20,887 9,188 11,699 4,190 1,791 2,399 174 106 68 962 592 370

1985–86 ..... 2,639 963 1,676 20,799 9,195 11,604 4,016 1,730 2,286 182 99 83 1,008 595 413

1986–87 ..... 2,614 1,014 1,600 20,291 8,838 11,453 4,012 1,584 2,428 194 105 89 878 544 334

1987–88 ..... 2,559 952 1,607 19,914 8,215 11,699 4,056 1,616 2,440 204 113 91 841 482 359

1988–89 ..... 2,526 963 1,563 19,748 7,895 11,853 3,916 1,477 2,439 190 105 85 843 493 350

1989–90 ..... 2,489 916 1,573 19,914 7,851 12,063 4,036 1,494 2,542 207 105 102 820 489 331

1990–91 ..... 2,664 893 1,771 21,627 8,148 13,479 4,145 1,461 2,684 200 118 82 812 464 348

1991–92 ..... 2,560 855 1,705 23,579 8,822 14,757 4,222 1,472 2,750 205 105 100 756 424 332

1992–93 ..... 2,805 1,047 1,758 26,140 9,764 16,376 4,612 1,617 2,995 219 94 125 966 500 466

1993–94 ..... 2,830 984 1,846 27,425 10,249 17,176 4,986 1,670 3,316 213 105 108 1,013 522 491

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS),‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 53

Table 27.—Degrees conferred by historically black public 4-year colleges and universities, by level and sex:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Year Total

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s First-professional

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1976–77 ............................ 21,783 1,060 468 592 15,591 6,845 8,746 4,971 1,938 3,033 1 1 0 160 125 35

1977–78 ............................ 21,698 992 420 572 15,509 6,788 8,721 5,018 1,915 3,103 0 0 0 179 138 41

1978–79 ............................ 21,095 978 413 565 15,510 6,811 8,699 4,428 1,697 2,731 4 3 1 175 138 37

1979–80 ............................ 20,383 772 312 460 15,552 6,686 8,866 3,877 1,426 2,451 3 1 2 179 133 46

1980–81 ............................ 20,342 1,032 390 642 15,454 7,098 8,356 3,645 1,449 2,196 4 1 3 207 154 53

1981–82 ............................ 19,543 1,000 376 624 14,827 6,713 8,114 3,496 1,326 2,170 10 6 4 210 149 61

1982–83 ............................ 19,484 1,110 402 708 14,625 6,598 8,027 3,510 1,468 2,042 23 13 10 216 141 75

1983–84 ............................ 18,632 1,148 424 724 13,990 6,322 7,668 3,233 1,411 1,822 22 11 11 239 166 73

1984–85 ............................ 18,766 1,236 463 773 13,837 6,348 7,489 3,382 1,443 1,939 42 21 21 269 172 97

1985–86 ............................ 18,576 1,192 430 762 13,824 6,344 7,480 3,181 1,391 1,790 58 35 23 321 191 130

1986–87 ............................ 18,045 1,106 386 720 13,430 6,100 7,330 3,181 1,246 1,935 56 32 24 272 164 108

1987–88 ............................ 17,862 1,145 377 768 13,183 5,661 7,522 3,216 1,263 1,953 54 27 27 264 153 111

1988–89 ............................ 17,659 1,101 379 722 13,002 5,415 7,587 3,147 1,178 1,969 62 31 31 347 199 148

1989–90 ............................ 17,787 1,115 377 738 13,123 5,327 7,796 3,203 1,185 2,018 66 32 34 280 170 110

1990–91 ............................ 18,895 1,128 360 768 13,947 5,423 8,524 3,379 1,173 2,206 81 40 41 360 204 156

1991–92 ............................ 20,524 1,270 427 843 15,368 5,901 9,467 3,421 1,190 2,231 82 33 49 383 210 173

1992–93 ............................ 22,311 1,267 437 830 16,867 6,318 10,549 3,708 1,300 2,408 65 16 49 404 215 189

1993–94 ............................ 24,144 1,285 428 857 18,390 7,062 11,328 3,961 1,343 2,618 88 32 56 420 206 214

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)

Table 28.—Degrees conferred by historically black private 4-year colleges and universities, by level and sex:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Year Total

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s First-professional

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1976–77 ............................ 9,943 168 60 108 7,960 3,356 4,604 1,179 483 696 65 41 24 571 442 129

1977–78 ............................ 9,908 139 35 104 8,122 3,422 4,700 1,006 426 580 73 42 31 568 415 153

1978–79 ............................ 9,970 114 30 84 8,139 3,256 4,883 1,012 406 606 79 53 26 626 448 178

1979–80 ............................ 9,701 137 35 102 7,917 3,220 4,697 932 388 544 68 47 21 647 450 197

1980–81 ............................ 9,417 198 66 132 7,468 3,044 4,424 977 416 561 98 64 34 676 466 210

1981–82 ............................ 9,310 123 38 85 7,452 3,024 4,428 981 442 539 77 53 24 677 422 255

1982–83 ............................ 9,413 90 23 67 7,580 3,077 4,503 981 404 577 112 76 36 650 411 239

1983–84 ............................ 9,263 157 43 114 7,440 3,061 4,379 896 380 516 96 63 33 674 399 275

1984–85 ............................ 8,840 157 70 87 7,050 2,840 4,210 808 348 460 132 85 47 693 420 273

1985–86 ............................ 8,803 182 57 125 6,975 2,851 4,124 835 339 496 124 64 60 687 404 283

1986–87 ............................ 8,571 135 66 69 6,861 2,738 4,123 831 337 494 138 73 65 606 380 226

1987–88 ............................ 8,480 182 92 90 6,731 2,554 4,177 840 353 487 150 86 64 577 329 248

1988–89 ............................ 8,259 120 54 66 6,746 2,480 4,266 769 299 470 128 74 54 496 294 202

1989–90 ............................ 8,430 125 57 68 6,791 2,524 4,267 833 309 524 141 73 68 540 319 221

1990–91 ............................ 9,132 115 53 62 7,680 2,725 4,955 766 288 478 119 78 41 452 260 192

1991–92 ............................ 9,622 114 47 67 8,211 2,921 5,290 801 282 519 123 72 51 373 214 159

1992–93 ............................ 10,997 104 50 54 9,273 3,446 5,827 904 317 587 154 78 76 562 285 277

1993–94 ............................ 10,872 94 37 57 9,035 3,187 5,848 1,025 327 698 125 73 52 593 316 277

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)

Table 29.—Associate degrees conferred by historically black 2-year colleges, by sex and control:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Year Total

Public 2-year Private 2-year

Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2345678

1976–77 ........................................................ 1,525 880 433 447 645 322 323

1977–78 ........................................................ 1,470 974 468 506 496 267 229

1978–79 ........................................................ 1,373 960 398 562 413 170 243

1979–80 ........................................................ 1,665 1,193 560 633 472 198 274

1980–81 ........................................................ 1,405 1,059 502 557 346 143 203

1981–82 ........................................................ 1,457 1,045 525 520 412 189 223

1982–83 ........................................................ 1,282 929 468 461 353 131 222

1983–84 ........................................................ 1,081 850 411 439 231 84 147

1984–85 ........................................................ 1,298 1,009 442 567 289 110 179

1985–86 ........................................................ 1,265 1,001 391 610 264 85 179

1986–87 ........................................................ 1,373 1,212 510 702 161 52 109

1987–88 ........................................................ 1,232 1,015 414 601 217 69 148

1988–89 ........................................................ 1,305 1,146 484 662 159 46 113

1989–90 ........................................................ 1,249 1,029 406 623 220 76 144

1990–91 ........................................................ 1,421 1,154 409 745 267 71 196

1991–92 ........................................................ 1,176 984 323 661 192 58 134

1992–93 ........................................................ 1,434 1,281 510 771 153 50 103

1993–94 ........................................................ 1,451 1,309 475 834 142 44 98

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
54 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 30.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by level of degree, sex of student, and

state: 1976–77

State

Total

degrees

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s First-professional

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total .......................... 33,251 2,753 1,283 1,470 23,551 10,201 13,350 6,150 2,421 3,729 66 42 24 731 567 164

Alabama ............................ 3,203 631 252 379 1,867 835 1,032 667 245 422 — — — 38 32 6

Arkansas ........................... 536 47 29 18 489 181 308 — — — — — — — — —

Delaware ........................... 316 — — — 316 164 152 — — — — — — — — —

District of Columbia ........... 2,541 546 260 286 1,163 556 607 464 227 237 50 33 17 318 235 83

Florida ............................... 1,298 2 1 1 1,093 500 593 203 64 139 — — — — — —

Georgia ............................. 2,322 5 5 0 1,558 611 947 680 219 461 14 7 7 65 53 12

Kentucky ........................... 259 24 6 18 187 88 99 48 36 12 — — — — — —

Louisiana ........................... 2,848 59 16 43 2,242 899 1,343 509 146 363 — — — 38 30 8

Maryland ........................... 1,861 — — — 1,287 573 714 574 248 326 — — — — — —

Michigan ............................ 5 5 0 5 — — — — — — — — — — — —

Mississippi ......................... 2,714 412 130 282 1,695 665 1,030 607 177 430 — — — — — —

Missouri ............................. 503 34 9 25 394 172 222 75 41 34 — — — — — —

North Carolina ................... 3,892 48 36 12 3,326 1,371 1,955 475 225 250 — — — 43 33 10

Ohio ................................... 459 3 1 2 456 226 230 — — — — — — — — —

Oklahoma .......................... 190 12 7 5 178 94 84 — — — — — — — — —

Pennsylvania ..................... 606 — — — 550 276 274 56 30 26 — — — — — —

South Carolina .................. 1,582 149 107 42 1,168 446 722 265 86 179 — — — — — —

Tennessee ........................ 1,630 83 24 59 1,166 512 654 243 111 132 1 1 0 137 109 28

Texas ................................ 3,006 390 276 114 1,651 820 831 885 414 471 1 1 0 79 62 17

Virginia .............................. 2,565 66 5 61 2,092 840 1,252 394 151 243 — — — 13 13 0

West Virginia ..................... 802 209 115 94 593 345 248 — — — — — — — — —

Virgin Islands .................... 113 28 4 24 80 27 53 5 1 4 — — — — — —

—Data not reported or not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1996.)

Table 31.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by level of degree, sex of student, and

state: 1983–84

State

Total

degrees

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s First-professional

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total .............................. 28,976 2,386 962 1,424 21,430 9,383 12,047 4,129 1,791 2,338 118 74 44 913 565 348

Alabama ............................ 2,723 380 85 295 1,801 852 949 491 301 190 — — — 51 25 26

Arkansas ........................... 398 8 5 3 390 170 220 — — — — — — — — —

Delaware ........................... 242 — — — 218 86 132 24 6 18 — — — — — —

District of Columbia ........... 2,760 212 92 120 1,608 689 919 478 203 275 72 44 28 390 205 185

Florida ............................... 1,121 11 1 10 1,060 488 572 48 28 20 — — — 2 1 1

Georgia ............................. 2,114 10 8 2 1,621 660 961 390 162 228 22 17 5 71 62 9

Kentucky ........................... 215 69 17 52 114 53 61 32 20 12 — — — — — —

Louisiana ........................... 2,525 98 36 62 1,990 880 1,110 345 94 251 — — — 92 74 18

Maryland ........................... 1,327 — — — 1,046 381 665 279 139 140 2 1 1 — — —

Michigan ............................ 39 39 7 32 — — — — — — — — — — — —

Mississippi ......................... 1,945 299 102 197 1,405 543 862 241 100 141 — — — — — —

Missouri ............................. 439 93 24 69 303 126 177 43 23 20 — — — — — —

North Carolina ................... 3,371 13 7 6 2,880 1,317 1,563 408 159 249 — — — 70 41 29

Ohio ................................... 386 5 1 4 381 181 200 — — — — — — — — —

Oklahoma .......................... 202 — — — 202 109 93 — — — — — — — — —

Pennsylvania ..................... 501 — — — 409 181 228 92 40 52 — — — — — —

South Carolina .................. 1,173 118 57 61 912 336 576 143 32 111 — — — — — —

Tennessee ........................ 1,447 119 19 100 910 353 557 265 119 146 11 6 5 142 89 53

Texas ................................ 2,662 402 285 117 1,687 942 745 487 243 244 11 6 5 75 50 25

Virginia .............................. 2,260 65 23 42 1,851 726 1,125 324 111 213 — — — 20 18 2

West Virginia ..................... 918 398 179 219 520 286 234 — — — — — — — — —

Virgin Islands .................... 208 47 14 33 122 24 98 39 11 28 — — — — — —

—Data not reported or not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 55

Table 32.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by level of degree, sex of student, and

state: 1990–91

State

Total

degrees

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s First-professional

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total .............................. 29,448 2,664 893 1,771 21,627 8,148 13,479 4,145 1,461 2,684 200 118 82 812 464 348

Alabama ............................ 2,386 531 138 393 1,391 527 864 407 142 265 2 2 0 55 32 23

Arkansas ........................... 423 18 7 11 405 136 269 — — — — — — — — —

Delaware ........................... 318 — — — 229 91 138 89 21 68 — — — — — —

District of Columbia ........... 2,831 213 84 129 1,948 786 1,162 419 173 246 72 48 24 179 102 77

Florida ............................... 1,290 8 5 3 1,151 396 755 102 28 74 5 4 1 24 10 14

Georgia ............................. 2,188 5 3 2 1,723 657 1,066 339 114 225 44 28 16 77 50 27

Kentucky ........................... 224 43 9 34 149 61 88 32 22 10 — — — — — —

Louisiana ........................... 2,975 243 75 168 2,201 790 1,411 395 115 280 2 0 2 134 84 50

Maryland ........................... 1,513 — — — 1,130 412 718 379 162 217 4 1 3 — — —

Michigan ............................ 39 39 10 29 — — — — — — — — — — — —

Mississippi ......................... 1,814 354 89 265 1,225 430 795 231 102 129 4 1 3 — — —

Missouri ............................. 394 88 29 59 271 97 174 35 12 23 — — — — — —

North Carolina ................... 3,528 34 24 10 2,935 1,121 1,814 484 170 314 — — — 75 45 30

Ohio ................................... 361 — — — 361 128 233 — — — — — — — — —

Oklahoma .......................... 375 — — — 368 153 215 7 1 6 — — — — — —

Pennsylvania ..................... 500 — — — 341 139 202 159 57 102 — — — — — —

South Carolina .................. 1,151 120 39 81 956 349 607 59 10 49 16 7 9 — — —

Tennessee ........................ 1,362 177 30 147 828 297 531 220 75 145 38 20 18 99 44 55

Texas ................................ 2,251 375 215 160 1,296 594 702 427 168 259 13 7 6 140 75 65

Virginia .............................. 2,325 53 14 39 1,913 648 1,265 330 84 246 — — — 29 22 7

West Virginia ..................... 1,003 313 118 195 690 309 381 — — — — — — — — —

Virgin Islands .................... 197 50 4 46 116 27 89 31 5 26 — — — — — —

—Data not reported or not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1996.)

Table 33.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by level of degree, sex of student, and

state: 1993–94

State

Total

degrees

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s First-professional

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total .............................. 36,467 2,830 984 1,846 27,425 10,249 17,176 4,986 1,670 3,316 213 105 108 1,013 522 491

Alabama ............................ 3,102 709 217 492 1,915 761 1,154 430 153 277 2 2 0 46 16 30

Arkansas ........................... 545 23 14 9 510 186 324 12 3 9 — — — — — —

Delaware ........................... 405 — — — 322 146 176 83 27 56 — — — — — —

District of Columbia ........... 2,963 193 89 104 1,888 721 1,167 499 168 331 79 44 35 304 150 154

Florida ............................... 1,992 29 8 21 1,740 643 1,097 193 77 116 3 1 2 27 9 18

Georgia ............................. 3,165 3 1 2 2,523 988 1,535 511 142 369 35 21 14 93 57 36

Kentucky ........................... 286 80 21 59 186 72 114 20 10 10 — — — — — —

Louisiana ........................... 3,714 202 63 139 2,794 968 1,826 579 157 422 11 3 8 128 77 51

Maryland ........................... 2,202 — — — 1,558 559 999 633 281 352 11 5 6 — — —

Michigan ............................ 13 13 3 10 — — — — — — — — — — — —

Mississippi ......................... 2,222 319 103 216 1,635 567 1,068 258 86 172 10 3 7 — — —

Missouri ............................. 522 98 26 72 374 141 233 50 15 35 — — — — — —

North Carolina ................... 4,381 22 16 6 3,765 1,369 2,396 513 171 342 — — — 81 36 45

Ohio ................................... 459 — — — 459 194 265 — — — — — — — — —

Oklahoma .......................... 466 — — — 459 160 299 7 3 4 — — — — — —

Pennsylvania ..................... 557 — — — 381 150 231 176 58 118 — — — — — —

South Carolina .................. 1,246 66 21 45 1,085 375 710 78 17 61 17 7 10 — — —

Tennessee ........................ 1,403 170 29 141 944 331 613 167 59 108 31 15 16 91 45 46

Texas ................................ 2,488 386 186 200 1,492 597 895 392 134 258 11 2 9 207 99 108

Virginia .............................. 2,983 70 10 60 2,522 940 1,582 352 105 247 3 2 1 36 33 3

West Virginia ..................... 1,154 410 171 239 744 351 393 — — — — — — — — —

Virgin Islands .................... 199 37 6 31 129 30 99 33 4 29 — — — — — —

—Data not reported or not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1996.)
56 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 34.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by institution, type of degree, and sex:

1993–94

Institution State Associate

Associate, black,

non-Hispanic Bachelor’s

Bachelor’s, black,

non-Hispanic

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Total ......................................................................................................... — 2,830 984 1,846 1,466 450 1,016 27,425 10,249 17,176 23,434 8,475 14,959

Alabama A&M University ............................................................................. AL — — — — — — 507 232 275 464 202 262

Alabama State University ............................................................................ AL 4 0 4 4 0 4 360 115 245 349 107 242

Bishop State Community College 1 ............................................................. AL 339 112 227 160 35 125 — — — — — —

C.A. Fredd State Technical College ............................................................ AL 23 7 16 6 2 4 — — — — — —

Carver State Technical College 1 ................................................................ AL — — — — — — — — — — — —

Concordia College ....................................................................................... AL 45 8 37 41 6 35 — — — — — —

J.F. Drake State Technical College ............................................................. AL 48 27 21 13 4 9 — — — — — —

Lawson State Community College .............................................................. AL 141 33 108 136 32 104 — — — — — —

Miles College ............................................................................................... AL — — — — — — 72 25 47 71 25 46

Oakwood College ........................................................................................ AL 34 6 28 34 6 28 207 91 116 183 81 102

Selma University .......................................................................................... AL 13 5 8 13 5 8 21 13 8 21 13 8

Stillman College ........................................................................................... AL — — — — — — 164 49 115 156 43 113

Talladega College ........................................................................................ AL — — — — — — 93 29 64 91 27 64

Trenholm State Technical College .............................................................. AL 62 19 43 48 13 35 — — — — — —

Tuskegee University .................................................................................... AL — — — — — — 491 207 284 474 194 280

Arkansas Baptist College ............................................................................ AR — — — — — — 21 7 14 21 7 14

Philander Smith College .............................................................................. AR — — — — — — 128 53 75 103 31 72

Shorter College ............................................................................................ AR 20 11 9 20 11 9 — — — — — —

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ............................................................... AR 3 3 0 — — — 361 126 235 297 98 199

Delaware State University ........................................................................... DE — — — — — — 322 146 176 192 84 108

Howard University ........................................................................................ DC — — — — — — 1,333 480 853 1,148 380 768

University of the District of Columbia .......................................................... DC 193 89 104 174 79 95 555 241 314 474 192 282

Bethune Cookman College .......................................................................... FL — — — — — — 295 87 208 285 83 202

Edward Waters College ............................................................................... FL — — — — — — 53 23 30 53 23 30

Florida A&M University ................................................................................ FL 29 8 21 25 5 20 1,210 472 738 1,055 387 668

Florida Memorial College ............................................................................. FL — — — — — — 182 61 121 155 54 101

Albany State College ................................................................................... GA — — — — — — 307 90 217 265 80 185

Clark Atlanta University ............................................................................... GA — — — — — — 528 149 379 526 149 377

Fort Valley State College ............................................................................. GA 3 1 2 — — — 251 79 172 233 72 161

Interdenominational Theological Center ...................................................... GA — — — — — — — — — — — —

Morehouse College ...................................................................................... GA — — — — — — 496 496 0 492 492 0

Morehouse School of Medicine ................................................................... GA — — — — — — — — — — — —

Morris Brown College .................................................................................. GA — — — — — — 179 56 123 178 56 122

Paine College .............................................................................................. GA — — — — — — 75 22 53 74 21 53

Savannah State College .............................................................................. GA — — — — — — 278 96 182 249 82 167

Spelman College ......................................................................................... GA — — — — — — 409 0 409 404 0 404

Kentucky State University ............................................................................ KY 80 21 59 13 4 9 186 72 114 120 46 74

Dillard University .......................................................................................... LA — — — — — — 194 46 148 194 46 148

Grambling State University .......................................................................... LA 80 27 53 80 27 53 908 333 575 880 326 554

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge ............................................................................................ LA 28 13 15 26 11 15 903 356 547 866 329 537

Southern University, New Orleans .............................................................. LA 30 8 22 24 6 18 422 118 304 392 105 287

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus ............................................................................................. LA 64 15 49 50 7 43 — — — — — —

Xavier University of Louisiana ..................................................................... LA — — — — — — 367 115 252 358 113 245

Bowie State University ................................................................................. MD — — — — — — 460 149 311 330 108 222

Coppin State College ................................................................................... MD — — — — — — 274 82 192 244 65 179

Morgan State University .............................................................................. MD — — — — — — 547 212 335 508 197 311

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore ........................................................ MD — — — — — — 277 116 161 193 69 124

Lewis College of Business .......................................................................... MI 13 3 10 13 3 10 — — — — — —

Alcorn State University ................................................................................ MS 37 6 31 8 1 7 408 177 231 392 171 221

Coahoma Community College ..................................................................... MS 78 26 52 78 26 52 — — — — — —

Hinds Community College, Utica Campus .................................................. MS 138 49 89 138 49 89 — — — — — —

Jackson State University ............................................................................. MS — — — — — — 735 247 488 712 234 478

Mary Holmes College .................................................................................. MS 64 22 42 64 22 42 — — — — — —

Mississippi Valley State University .............................................................. MS — — — — — — 200 62 138 197 60 137

Rust College ................................................................................................ MS 2 0 2 2 0 2 172 48 124 169 45 124

Tougaloo College ......................................................................................... MS — — — — — — 120 33 87 120 33 87
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 57

Table 34.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by institution, type of degree, and sex:

1993–94—Continued

Master’s

Master’s, black,

non-Hispanic Doctor’s

Doctor’s, black,

non-Hispanic First-professional

First-professional, black

non-Hispanic

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

4,986 1,670 3,316 3,187 939 2,248 213 105 108 130 61 69 1,013 522 491 688 320 368

276 98 178 80 29 51 2 2 — — — — — — — — — —

96 26 70 85 18 67 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

58 29 29 36 14 22 — — — — — — 46 16 30 22 7 15

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

12 3 9 9 3 6 — — — — — — — — — — — —

83 27 56 29 6 23 — — — — — — — — — — — —

369 108 261 281 66 215 79 44 35 49 26 23 304 150 154 223 102 121

130 60 70 119 52 67 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

193 77 116 132 50 82 3 1 2 3 1 2 27 9 18 19 3 16

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

73 21 52 38 4 34 — — — — — — — — — — — —

337 96 241 304 82 222 33 19 14 26 14 12 — — — — — —

86 14 72 68 12 56 — — — — — — — — — — — —

12 9 3 10 7 3 2 2 0 2 2 0 69 46 23 65 44 21

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — — — — — — — — — — — 24 11 13 19 8 11

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

3 2 1 3 2 1—— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

20 10 10 8 4 4 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

196 51 145 136 34 102 10 3 7 5 1 4 — — — — — —

191 54 137 151 28 123 1 0 1 1 0 1 110 67 43 60 25 35

80 18 62 54 10 44 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

112 34 78 52 15 37 — — — — — — 18 10 8 11 5 6

373 152 221 168 66 102 — — — — — — — — — — — —

93 29 64 76 22 54 — — — — — — — — — — — —

126 76 50 84 45 39 9 4 5 6 2 4 — — — — — —

41 24 17 9 3 6 2 1 1 — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

69 25 44 61 22 39 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

185 60 125 125 25 100 10 3 7 7 2 5 — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

4 1 3 4 1 3—— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —
58 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 34.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by institution, type of degree, and sex:

1993–94—Continued

Institution State Associate

Associate, black,

non-Hispanic Bachelor’s

Bachelor’s, black,

non-Hispanic

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Harris-Stowe State College ......................................................................... MO — — — — — — 118 26 92 76 17 59

Lincoln University ......................................................................................... MO 98 26 72 8 5 3 256 115 141 70 33 37

Barber-Scotia College .................................................................................. NC — — — — — — 55 22 33 54 21 33

Bennett College ........................................................................................... NC — — — — — — 101 0 101 94 0 94

Elizabeth City State University .................................................................... NC — — — — — — 327 113 214 225 83 142

Fayetteville State University ........................................................................ NC 22 16 6 7 4 3 583 179 404 360 115 245

Johnson C Smith University ........................................................................ NC — — — — — — 169 43 126 169 43 126

Livingstone College ..................................................................................... NC — — — — — — 55 26 29 54 26 28

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University ........................ NC — — — — — — 824 399 425 724 332 392

North Carolina Central University ................................................................ NC — — — — — — 635 239 396 582 213 369

St. Augustine’s College ............................................................................... NC — — — — — — 146 46 100 145 46 99

Shaw University ........................................................................................... NC — — — — — — 402 150 252 362 126 236

Winston-Salem State University .................................................................. NC — — — — — — 468 152 316 315 119 196

Central State University ............................................................................... OH — — — — — — 341 157 184 289 124 165

Wilberforce University .................................................................................. OH — — — — — — 118 37 81 108 31 77

Langston University ..................................................................................... OK — — — — — — 459 160 299 175 71 104

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ........................................................... PA — — — — — — 161 67 94 156 65 91

Lincoln University ......................................................................................... PA — — — — — — 220 83 137 211 78 133

Allen University ............................................................................................ SC — — — — — — 35 19 16 31 16 15

Benedict College .......................................................................................... SC — — — — — — 180 50 130 169 47 122

Claflin College .............................................................................................. SC — — — — — — 116 32 84 111 32 79

Denmark Technical College ........................................................................ SC 66 21 45 65 21 44 — — — — — —

Morris College .............................................................................................. SC — — — — — — 87 19 68 86 18 68

South Carolina State University .................................................................. SC — — — — — — 605 232 373 579 223 356

Voorhees College ........................................................................................ SC — — — — — — 62 23 39 61 22 39

Fisk University ............................................................................................. TN — — — — — — 149 34 115 149 34 115

Knoxville College ......................................................................................... TN 9 6 3 9 6 3 66 34 32 66 34 32

Lane College ................................................................................................ TN — — — — — — 69 22 47 68 22 46

Le Moyne-Owen College ............................................................................. TN — — — — — — 167 32 135 164 30 134

Meharry Medical College ............................................................................. TN — — — — — — — — — — — —

Tennessee State University ......................................................................... TN 161 23 138 29 4 25 493 209 284 369 147 222

Huston-Tillotson College .............................................................................. TX — — — — — — 82 31 51 75 29 46

Jarvis Christian College ............................................................................... TX — — — — — — 66 29 37 64 27 37

Paul Quinn College ...................................................................................... TX — — — — — — 70 24 46 62 23 39

Prairie View A&M University ........................................................................ TX — — — — — — 586 298 288 520 257 263

St. Philip’s College ....................................................................................... TX 350 166 184 58 26 32 — — — — — —

Southwestern Christian College .................................................................. TX 36 20 16 27 12 15 4 4 0 4 4 0

Texas College .............................................................................................. TX — — — — — — 57 21 36 54 19 35

Texas Southern University .......................................................................... TX — — — — — — 520 167 353 444 127 317

Wiley College ............................................................................................... TX — — — — — — 107 23 84 92 15 77

Hampton University ..................................................................................... VA — — — — — — 804 296 508 781 284 497

Norfolk State University ............................................................................... VA 70 10 60 51 7 44 872 315 557 699 254 445

St. Paul’s College ........................................................................................ VA — — — — — — 118 36 82 100 28 72

Virginia State University .............................................................................. VA — — — — — — 578 249 329 534 223 311

Virginia Union University ............................................................................. VA — — — — — — 150 44 106 148 43 105

Bluefield State College ................................................................................ WV 275 116 159 9 5 4 316 157 159 13 6 7

West Virginia State College ......................................................................... WV 135 55 80 10 5 5 428 194 234 43 23 20

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus ................................................................................ VI 37 6 31 23 1 22 129 30 99 91 15 76
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 59

Table 34.—Degrees conferred by historically black colleges and universities, by institution, type of degree, and sex:

1993–94—Continued

Master’s

Master’s, black,

non-Hispanic Doctor’s

Doctor’s, black,

non-Hispanic First-professional

First-professional, black

non-Hispanic

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

50 15 35 4 0 4 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

91 26 65 38 9 29 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

1 1 0 1 1 0—— ——— — 5 5 0 5 5 0

204 94 110 107 46 61 — — — — — — — — — — — —

217 50 167 114 35 79 — — — — — — 76 31 45 41 13 28

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

7 3 4 4 2 2—— ——— ——— ——— —

73 21 52 67 18 49 — — — — — — — — — — — —

103 37 66 62 24 38 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

78 17 61 69 15 54 17 7 10 15 7 8 — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

9 5 4 5 2 3—— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

22 9 13 22 9 13 — — — — — — — — — — — —

14 1 13 12 1 11 8 6 2 5 3 2 91 45 46 69 34 35

122 44 78 49 12 37 23 9 14 1 — 1 — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

214 68 146 153 47 106 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

178 66 112 127 39 88 11 2 9 8 2 6 207 99 108 120 43 77

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

91 35 56 51 15 36 — — — — — — — — — — — —

165 32 133 85 19 66 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

96 38 58 70 24 46 — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — — — — — 3 2 1 2 1 1 36 33 3 34 31 3

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

— — ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —

33 4 29 25 1 24 — — — — — — — — — — — —

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop State Community College in

1993.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared November 1995.)
60 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 35.—Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by field of study, race, and institution:

1993–94

Institution State

Humanities 1 Social and behavioral

sciences 2

Natural sciences 3

Associate

degrees

Associate

degrees,

black, nonHispanic

Associate

degrees

Associate

degrees,

black, nonHispanic

Associate

degrees

Associate

degrees,

black, nonHispanic

1 23 4 5 6 7 8

Total ...................................................................................... — 366 220 30 24 32 15

Alabama State University ......................................................... AL 1 1 ————

Bishop State Community College 6 ........................................... AL 108 71 — — 3 3

C.A. Fredd State Technical College ......................................... AL——————

Concordia College .................................................................... AL 45 41————

J.F. Drake State Technical College .......................................... AL 15 2 ————

Lawson State Community College ........................................... AL 35 34————

Oakwood College ..................................................................... AL 1 1 ————

Selma University ....................................................................... AL——————

Trenholm State Technical College ........................................... AL——————

Shorter College ......................................................................... AR——————

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ............................................ AR——————

University of the District of Columbia ....................................... DC 6 6 11 11 — —

Florida A&M University ............................................................. FL 4 2 3 3 4 4

Fort Valley State College .......................................................... GA ——————

Kentucky State University ......................................................... KY 11 6 ————

Grambling State University ....................................................... LA——————

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge ......................................................................... LA ——————

Southern University, New Orleans ........................................... LA——————

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus .......................................................................... LA———— 7 7

Lewis College of Business ....................................................... MI 2 2 ————

Alcorn State University ............................................................. MS——————

Coahoma Community College .................................................. MS——————

Hinds Community College, Utica Campus 7 ............................. MS——————

Mary Holmes College ............................................................... MS 3 3 7 7 — —

Rust College ............................................................................. MS——————

Lincoln University ...................................................................... MO 7 3 ————

Fayetteville State University ..................................................... NC 14 3 ————

Denmark Technical College ..................................................... SC 3 2 ————

Knoxville College ...................................................................... TN 8 8 ————

Tennessee State University ...................................................... TN ——————

St. Philip’s College .................................................................... TX 33 6 9 3 2 0

Southwestern Christian College ............................................... TX 36 27————

Norfolk State University ............................................................ VA ——————

Bluefield State College ............................................................. WV 9 —————

West Virginia State College ...................................................... WV 25 2 — — 16 1

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus ............................................................. VI ——————
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 61

Table 35.—Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by field of study, race, and institution:

1993–94—Continued

Institution State

Computer sciences and

engineering 4

Education Business Other technical/

profesional 5

Associate

degrees

Associate

degrees,

black, nonHispanic

Associate

degrees

Associate

degrees,

black, nonHispanic

Associate

degrees

Associate

degrees,

black, nonHispanic

Associate

degrees

Associate

degrees,

black, nonHispanic

1 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Total ...................................................... — 374 121 83 79 495 293 1,312 576

Alabama State University .......................... AL———— 2 2 1 1

Bishop State Community College 6 ........... AL 44 7 — — 28 24 156 55

C.A. Fredd State Technical College ......... AL 9 3 — — 14 3 — —

Concordia College ..................................... AL————————

J.F. Drake State Technical College .......... AL 16 3 — — 17 8 — —

Lawson State Community College ............ AL 11 11 — — 24 24 71 67

Oakwood College ...................................... AL — — — — 1 1 32 32

Selma University ....................................... AL — — 13 13————

Trenholm State Technical College ............ AL 6 6 — — 37 32 19 10

Shorter College ......................................... AR — — — — 11 11 9 9

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ............ AR 2 0 ———— 1 0

University of the District of Columbia ....... DC 38 30 — — 56 54 82 73

Florida A&M University ............................. FL 4 2 3 3 2 2 9 9

Fort Valley State College .......................... GA 1 0 ———— 2 0

Kentucky State University ......................... KY 15 0 — — 2 2 52 5

Grambling State University ....................... LA 5 5 — — 6 6 69 69

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge .......................................... LA 1 0 — — — — 27 26

Southern University, New Orleans ............ LA 3 3 — — 3 3 24 18

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus .......................................... LA 3 3 5 5 6 6 43 29

Lewis College of Business ........................ MI 4 4 — — 7 7 — —

Alcorn State University .............................. MS — — — — — — 37 8

Coahoma Community College .................. MS 3 3 40 40 13 13 22 22

Hinds Community College,

Utica Campus 7 ...................................... MS————————

Mary Holmes College ................................ MS 8 8 14 14 19 19 13 13

Rust College .............................................. MS — — 2 2 ————

Lincoln University ...................................... MO 9 2 — — — — 82 3

Fayetteville State University ...................... NC ———— 5 3 3 1

Denmark Technical College ...................... SC 16 16 — — 16 16 31 31

Knoxville College ....................................... TN —————— 1 1

Tennessee State University ...................... TN — — — — 2 2 159 27

St. Philip’s College .................................... TX 81 6 6 2 88 21 131 20

Southwestern Christian College ................ TX ————————

Norfolk State University ............................ VA 5 5 — — 3 3 62 43

Bluefield State College .............................. WV 75 2 — — 46 6 145 1

West Virginia State College ...................... WV 15 2 — — 50 2 29 3

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus .............................. VI — — — — 37 23 — —

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Includes degrees in area and ethnic studies; English language, literature, and letters;

foreign languages; liberal/general studies; multi/interdisciplinary studies; philosophy and

religion; precision production; theology; and visual and performing arts.

2 Includes psychology and social sciences and history.

3 Includes biological sciences; physical sciences and science technologies; and mathematics.

4 Includes computer and information sciences; construction trades; engineering; engineering technologies; and mechanic repairers.

5 Includes agriculture and natural resources; architecture and environmental design;

communications and communications technologies; health sciences; home economics

and vocational home economics; law; library and archival sciences; military sciences;

parks and recreation; protective services; public affairs; and transportation and material

moving. 6 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop State Community College in

1993. 7 Hinds Community College reported 138 degrees, but did not report degrees by field

of study.

NOTE: Total does not match table 31 because Hinds Community College did not report degrees by field of study.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1996.)
62 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 36.—Bachelor’s and master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by field of study, race,

and institution: 1993–94

Institution State

Humanities 1 Social and behavioral sciences 2 Natural sciences 3

Bachelor’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Master’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Bachelor’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Master’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Bachelor’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Master’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Total ...................................................................................... — 2,360 1,922 96 73 4,387 4,000 355 232 2,323 2,066 151 76

Alabama A&M University .......................................................... AL 12 12 — — 39 38 34 6 46 46 10 4

Alabama State University ......................................................... AL 9 8 — — 36 36 3 3 27 25 5 4

Miles College ............................................................................ AL 2 2 — — 9 9 — — 8 8 — —

Oakwood College ...................................................................... AL 37 34 — — 27 24 — — 26 23 — —

Selma University ....................................................................... AL 10 10 — — — — — —2 2 — — Stillman College ........................................................................ AL 10 9 — — 27 27 — — 20 20 — —

Talladega College ..................................................................... AL 15 14 — — 14 14 — — 20 20 — —

Tuskegee University ................................................................. AL 16 16 — — 81 80 — — 69 68 3 1

Arkansas Baptist College .......................................................... AR — — — — 5 5 — —— — — — Philander Smith College ........................................................... AR 2 2 — — 28 27 — — 7 7 — —

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ............................................ AR 32 27 — — 35 29 — — 27 24 — —

Delaware State University ........................................................ DE 16 14 — — 26 16 — — 33 19 6 —

Howard University ..................................................................... DC 115 106 19 15 229 219 33 27 116 85 15 9

University of the District of Columbia ....................................... DC 63 51 — — 90 71 8 6 34 28 1 1

Bethune Cookman College ....................................................... FL 12 11 — — 46 45 — — 11 10 — —

Edward Waters College 6 .......................................................... FL — — — —— — — —— — — — Florida A&M University ............................................................. FL 49 47 — — 136 131 25 23 55 48 1 0

Florida Memorial College .......................................................... FL 8 7 — — 21 20 — — 11 8 — —

Albany State College ................................................................ GA 20 19 — — 39 33 — — 16 16 — —

Clark Atlanta University ............................................................ GA 39 39 3 2 90 90 22 18 73 72 14 12

Fort Valley State College .......................................................... GA 12 12 — — 18 18 — — 23 20 — —

Interdenominational Theological Center ................................... GA — — 12 10 — — — —— — — — Morehouse College ................................................................... GA 132 132 — — 139 139 — — 25 24 — —

Morris Brown College ............................................................... GA 15 15 — — 26 26 — — 14 14 — —

Paine College ............................................................................ GA 5 5 — — 22 21 — — 6 6 — —

Savannah State College ........................................................... GA 4 4 — — 31 30 — — 32 30 — —

Spelman College ....................................................................... GA 121 118 — — 171 170 — — 69 69 — —

Kentucky State University ......................................................... KY 12 5 — — 18 10 — — 22 13 — —

Dillard University ....................................................................... LA 10 10 — — 26 26 — — 40 40 — —

Grambling State University ....................................................... LA 42 41 21 19 90 89 — — 86 85 — —

Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge .............. LA 26 26 — — 197 195 12 10 46 44 10 6

Southern University, New Orleans ........................................... LA 11 11 — — 59 54 — — 15 10 — —

Xavier University of Louisiana .................................................. LA 22 21 3 3 70 69 9 9 148 145 — —

Bowie State University .............................................................. MD 16 11 — — 90 68 82 44 17 10 — —

Coppin State College ................................................................ MD 21 19 — — 64 60 — — 14 9 — —

Morgan State University ........................................................... MD 41 39 5 5 79 76 16 11 42 38 2 1

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore ..................................... MD 35 28 — — 17 15 — — 19 9 6 1

Alcorn State University ............................................................. MS 12 12 — — 43 43 — — 55 55 2 1

Jackson State University .......................................................... MS 37 37 4 4 74 74 6 5 87 85 11 5

Mississippi Valley State University ........................................... MS 4 4 — — 31 31 — — 13 13 — —

Rust College ............................................................................. MS 16 16 — — 19 18 — — 29 29 — —

Tougaloo College ...................................................................... MS 22 22 — — 59 59 — — 30 30 — —

Harris-Stowe State College ...................................................... MO — — — —— — — —— — — —

Lincoln University ...................................................................... MO 6 1 — — 25 9 4 1 11 3 — —

Barber-Scotia College ............................................................... NC 1 1 — — 16 16 — — 11 11 — —

Bennett College ........................................................................ NC 37 36 — — 16 16 — — 17 14 — —

Elizabeth City State University ................................................. NC 21 13 — — 69 44 — — 35 24 — —

Fayetteville State University ..................................................... NC 49 28 — — 167 119 8 1 35 21 4 3

Johnson C Smith University ..................................................... NC 14 14 — — 42 42 — — 14 14 — —

Livingstone College ................................................................... NC 5 5 1 1 13 13 — — 1 1 — —

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University ..... NC 42 41 5 4 60 57 4 1 38 36 6 2

North Carolina Central University ............................................. NC 66 61 6 4 188 180 14 9 66 62 7 4

St. Augustine’s College ............................................................. NC 5 5 — — 47 47 — — 14 14 — —

Shaw University ........................................................................ NC 43 41 — — 73 70 — — 13 10 — —

Winston-Salem State University ............................................... NC 36 22 — — 79 72 — — 23 18 — —

Central State University ............................................................ OH 17 16 — — 73 67 — — 23 17 — —

Wilberforce University ............................................................... OH 3 3 — — 34 32 — — 5 5 — —

Langston University .................................................................. OK 18 13 — — 69 16 — — 11 9 — —

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ........................................ PA 6 6 — — 40 40 — — 6 6 — —

Lincoln University ...................................................................... PA 19 18 — — 50 48 — — 25 24 — —

Allen University ......................................................................... SC 7 6 — — 5 4 — — 3 3 — —

Benedict College ....................................................................... SC 13 12 — — 13 13 — — 18 16 — —

Claflin College ........................................................................... SC 8 8 — — 39 39 — — 12 12 — —

Morris College ........................................................................... SC 11 11 — — 28 28 — — 7 6 — —

South Carolina State University ................................................ SC 28 28 — — 79 77 — — 26 24 — —

Voorhees College ..................................................................... SC 3 3 — — 8 8 — — 4 4 — —

Fisk University ........................................................................... TN 28 28 — — 38 38 2 2 36 36 7 3

Knoxville College ...................................................................... TN 5 5 — — 22 22 — — 7 7 — —

Lane College ............................................................................. TN 9 9 — — 19 18 — — 9 9 — —

Le Moyne-Owen College .......................................................... TN 18 17 — — 12 12 — — 19 18 — —

Meharry Medical College .......................................................... TN — — — —— — — —— — — — Tennessee State University ...................................................... TN 75 58 6 3 22 13 — — 36 36 4 2

Huston-Tillotson College ........................................................... TX 4 3 — — 17 17 — — 6 5 — —

Jarvis Christian College ............................................................ TX 1 1 — — 10 10 — — 9 9 — —

Paul Quinn College ................................................................... TX 3 3 — — 4 3 — — 2 2 — —

Prairie View A&M University ..................................................... TX 58 46 — — 37 35 16 15 60 55 1 1

Southwestern Christian College ............................................... TX 4 4 — — — — — —— — — — Texas College ........................................................................... TX 5 5 — — 13 11 — — 7 7 — —

Texas Southern University ........................................................ TX 15 13 — — 52 49 25 21 41 32 7 2

Wiley College ............................................................................ TX 4 3 — — 9 9 — — 8 6 — —

Hampton University ................................................................... VA 87 85 3 1 148 146 — — 85 84 17 6

Norfolk State University ............................................................ VA 152 92 7 2 149 137 21 13 38 31 — —

St. Paul’s College ..................................................................... VA 14 14 — — 21 21 — — 7 6 — —

Virginia State University ............................................................ VA 87 79 1 0 143 137 11 7 31 27 12 8

Virginia Union University ........................................................... VA 22 22 — — 43 42 — — 10 10 — —

Bluefield State College ............................................................. WV 112 7 — — 13 1 — — 1 — — —

West Virginia State College ...................................................... WV 103 12 — — 45 6 — — 32 1 — —

University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas Campus .............. VI 13 8 — — 16 11 — — 28 24 — —

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Includes degrees in area and ethnic studies; English language, literature, and letters;

foreign languages; liberal/general studies; multi/interdisciplinary studies; philosophy and

religion; precision production; theology; and visual and performing arts. 2 Includes psychology and social sciences and history.

3 Includes biological sciences; physical sciences and science technologies; and mathematics.

4 Includes computer and information sciences; construction trades; engineering; engineering technologies; and mechanic repairers.
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES 63

Table 36.—Bachelor’s and master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by field of study, race,

and institution: 1993–94—Continued

Institution State

Computer sciences and engineering 4 Education

Bachelor’s degrees

Bachelor’s degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Master’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Bachelor’s degrees

Bachelor’s degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Master’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

1 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Total ........................................................................................................................... — 2,475 2,021 375 145 3,061 2,420 2,056 1,404

Alabama A&M University ............................................................................................... AL 77 55 34 4 105 94 130 36

Alabama State University ............................................................................................... AL 26 25 — — 91 91 72 64

Miles College .................................................................................................................. AL — — — — 19 19 — — Oakwood College ........................................................................................................... AL 7 7 — — 24 21 — —

Selma University ............................................................................................................ AL———————— Stillman College ............................................................................................................. AL 5 5 — — 21 21 — —

Talladega College .......................................................................................................... AL 7 7—————— Tuskegee University ....................................................................................................... AL 107 101 22 10 23 23 19 19

Arkansas Baptist College ............................................................................................... AR ———— 2 2—— Philander Smith College ................................................................................................ AR — — — — 10 10 — — University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ................................................................................. AR 21 17 — — 50 28 12 9

Delaware State University .............................................................................................. DE 3 1 — — 61 28 28 9

Howard University .......................................................................................................... DC 124 98 41 23 52 40 60 57

University of the District of Columbia ............................................................................ DC 88 65 — — 46 42 54 54

Bethune Cookman College ............................................................................................ FL 11 10 — — 64 61 — —

Edward Waters College 6 ............................................................................................... FL ———————— Florida A&M University .................................................................................................. FL 154 125 3 2 189 177 91 55

Florida Memorial College ............................................................................................... FL 7 5 — — 39 30 — —

Albany State College ..................................................................................................... GA 10 9 — — 58 41 46 28

Clark Atlanta University .................................................................................................. GA 19 19 26 21 72 72 69 68

Fort Valley State College ............................................................................................... GA 18 13 — — 56 49 57 45

Interdenominational Theological Center ........................................................................ GA ———————— Morehouse College ........................................................................................................ GA 15 13 — — 4 4 — —

Morehouse School of Medicine ..................................................................................... GA ———————— Morris Brown College ..................................................................................................... GA 8 8 — — 37 37 — —

Paine College ................................................................................................................. GA — — — — 11 11 — — Savannah State College ................................................................................................ GA 40 37 —————— Spelman College ............................................................................................................ GA 25 24 — — 23 23 — —

Kentucky State University .............................................................................................. KY 17 9 — — 25 14 — —

Dillard University ............................................................................................................ LA 3 3 — — 16 16 — —

Grambling State University ............................................................................................ LA 115 114 — — 45 44 42 33

Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge ................................................... LA 135 122 19 6 80 78 89 80

Southern University, New Orleans ................................................................................. LA 18 14 — — 109 108 — —

Xavier University of Louisiana ....................................................................................... LA 11 11 — — 15 14 40 37

Bowie State University ................................................................................................... MD 16 16 91 24 68 23 99 46

Coppin State College ..................................................................................................... MD 12 10 — — 28 19 59 44

Morgan State University ................................................................................................. MD 110 98 — — 58 55 17 11

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore .......................................................................... MD 18 11 17 0 20 10 18 8

Alcorn State University ................................................................................................... MS 47 46 — — 56 55 51 45

Jackson State University ................................................................................................ MS 82 73 40 12 80 75 72 59

Mississippi Valley State University ................................................................................ MS 28 26 4 4 36 36 — —

Rust College ................................................................................................................... MS 22 22 — — 20 20 — —

Tougaloo College ........................................................................................................... MS———— 3 3——

Harris-Stowe State College ............................................................................................ MO — — — — 118 76 — —

Lincoln University ........................................................................................................... MO 17 5 — — 40 2 33 3

Barber-Scotia College .................................................................................................... NC ———— 1 1——

Bennett College .............................................................................................................. NC ———— 5 5——

Elizabeth City State University ....................................................................................... NC 13 8 — — 46 21 — —

Fayetteville State University ........................................................................................... NC 13 5 — — 93 37 65 30

Johnson C Smith University ........................................................................................... NC 19 19 — — 17 17 — —

Livingstone College ........................................................................................................ NC 5 5 — — 4 4 — —

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University .......................................... NC 214 172 58 28 115 95 117 64

North Carolina Central University .................................................................................. NC 11 10 8 3 59 55 89 56

St. Augustine’s College .................................................................................................. NC 15 14 — — 3 3 — —

Shaw University ............................................................................................................. NC 7 7 — — 8 8 — —

Winston-Salem State University .................................................................................... NC 14 8 — — 66 55 — —

Central State University ................................................................................................. OH 27 20 — — 58 51 — —

Wilberforce University .................................................................................................... OH 2 2——————

Langston University ........................................................................................................ OK 34 15 — — 95 34 7 4

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ............................................................................. PA 10 9 — — 29 27 73 67

Lincoln University ........................................................................................................... PA 5 5 — — 28 27 10 0

Allen University .............................................................................................................. SC ———— 8 8——

Benedict College ............................................................................................................ SC 5 5 — — 23 21 — —

Claflin College ................................................................................................................ SC 6 4 — — 31 31 — —

Morris College ................................................................................................................ SC ———— 2 2——

South Carolina State University ..................................................................................... SC 81 73 — — 74 66 30 27

Voorhees College ........................................................................................................... SC 8 8——————

Fisk University ................................................................................................................ TN 3 3 — — 1 1 — —

Knoxville College ............................................................................................................ TN 5 5——————

Lane College .................................................................................................................. TN 2 2 — — 14 14 — —

Le Moyne-Owen College ............................................................................................... TN 7 6 — — 42 42 22 22

Meharry Medical College ............................................................................................... TN———————— Tennessee State University ........................................................................................... TN 67 40 3 0 25 14 82 32

Huston-Tillotson College ................................................................................................ TX 8 8 — — 20 16 — —

Jarvis Christian College ................................................................................................. TX 1 1 — — 19 19 — —

Paul Quinn College ........................................................................................................ TX 8 3 — — 20 20 — —

Prairie View A&M University .......................................................................................... TX 202 175 8 7 — — 177 120

Southwestern Christian College ..................................................................................... TX ———————— Texas College ................................................................................................................ TX 5 5 — — 10 10 — —

Texas Southern University ............................................................................................. TX 35 25 — — 41 32 59 50

Wiley College ................................................................................................................. TX 5 4 — — 8 8 — —

Hampton University ........................................................................................................ VA 58 58 1 1 3 3 36 23

Norfolk State University ................................................................................................. VA 78 65 — — 28 24 58 41

St. Paul’s College ........................................................................................................... VA — — — — 14 10 — — Virginia State University ................................................................................................. VA 17 8 — — 59 53 55 46

Virginia Union University ................................................................................................ VA ———————— Bluefield State College ................................................................................................... WV 61 0 — — 32 0 — —

West Virginia State College ........................................................................................... WV 1 0 — — 74 3 — —

University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas Campus ................................................... VI — — — — 12 11 18 12

5 Includes agriculture and natural resources; architecture and environmental design;

communications and communications technologies; health sciences; home economics

and vocational home economics; law; library and archival sciences; military sciences;

parks and recreation; protective services; public affairs; and transportation and material

moving.

6Edward Waters College reported 53 bachelor’s degrees, but did not report degrees

by field of study.
64 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: DEGREES

Table 36.—Bachelor’s and master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by field of study, race,

and institution: 1993–94—Continued

Institution State

Business Other technical/professional 5

Bachelor’s degrees

Bachelor’s degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Master’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Bachelor’s degrees

Bachelor’s degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

Master’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees,

black,

non-Hispanic

1 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Total ........................................................................................................................... — 6,913 6,165 731 480 5,853 4,787 1,222 777

Alabama A&M University ............................................................................................... AL 147 145 38 18 81 74 30 12

Alabama State University ............................................................................................... AL 86 81 — — 85 83 16 14

Miles College .................................................................................................................. AL 29 29 — — 5 4 — —

Oakwood College ........................................................................................................... AL 35 30 — — 51 44 — —

Selma University ............................................................................................................ AL 9 9 —————— Stillman College ............................................................................................................. AL 69 62 — — 12 12 — —

Talladega College .......................................................................................................... AL 19 19 — — 18 17 — —

Tuskegee University ....................................................................................................... AL 111 110 — — 84 76 14 6

Arkansas Baptist College ............................................................................................... AR 14 14 —————— Philander Smith College ................................................................................................ AR 80 56 — — 1 1 — —

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ................................................................................. AR 88 77 — — 108 95 — —

Delaware State University .............................................................................................. DE 81 63 18 10 102 51 31 10

Howard University .......................................................................................................... DC 274 245 40 27 423 355 161 123

University of the District of Columbia ............................................................................ DC 153 142 47 39 81 75 20 19

Bethune Cookman College ............................................................................................ FL 87 85 — — 64 63 — —

Edward Waters College 6 ............................................................................................... FL ———————— Florida A&M University .................................................................................................. FL 248 245 51 46 379 282 22 6

Florida Memorial College ............................................................................................... FL 58 48 — — 38 37 — —

Albany State College ..................................................................................................... GA 67 60 17 4 97 87 10 6

Clark Atlanta University .................................................................................................. GA 159 159 91 88 76 75 112 95

Fort Valley State College ............................................................................................... GA 39 39 — — 85 82 29 23

Interdenominational Theological Center ........................................................................ GA ———————— Morehouse College ........................................................................................................ GA 162 161 — — 19 19 — —

Morehouse School of Medicine ..................................................................................... GA ———————— Morris Brown College ..................................................................................................... GA 64 64 — — 15 14 — —

Paine College ................................................................................................................. GA 30 30 — — 1 1 — —

Savannah State College ................................................................................................ GA 94 74 — — 77 74 3 3

Spelman College ............................................................................................................ GA ———————— Kentucky State University .............................................................................................. KY 53 37 — — 39 32 20 8

Dillard University ............................................................................................................ LA 54 54 — — 45 45 — —

Grambling State University ............................................................................................ LA 216 214 17 13 314 293 116 71

Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge ................................................... LA 218 208 3 2 201 193 58 47

Southern University, New Orleans ................................................................................. LA 111 107 — — 99 88 80 54

Xavier University of Louisiana ....................................................................................... LA 72 70 — — 29 28 60 3

Bowie State University ................................................................................................... MD 165 136 86 43 88 66 15 11

Coppin State College ..................................................................................................... MD 48 44 — — 87 83 34 32

Morgan State University ................................................................................................. MD 124 117 61 39 93 85 25 17

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore .......................................................................... MD 85 69 — — 83 51 — —

Alcorn State University ................................................................................................... MS 76 76 — — 119 105 16 15

Jackson State University ................................................................................................ MS 243 239 37 27 132 129 15 13

Mississippi Valley State University ................................................................................ MS 31 31 — — 57 56 — —

Rust College ................................................................................................................... MS 38 36 — — 28 28 — —

Tougaloo College ........................................................................................................... MS———— 6 6——

Harris-Stowe State College ............................................................................................ MO ————————

Lincoln University ........................................................................................................... MO 95 25 13 0 62 25 — —

Barber-Scotia College .................................................................................................... NC 22 21 — — 4 4 — —

Bennett College .............................................................................................................. NC 19 18 — — 7 5 — —

Elizabeth City State University ....................................................................................... NC 97 80 — — 46 35 — —

Fayetteville State University ........................................................................................... NC 127 80 14 4 99 70 — —

Johnson C Smith University ........................................................................................... NC 47 47 — — 16 16 — —

Livingstone College ........................................................................................................ NC 21 21 — — 6 5 — —

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University .......................................... NC 204 200 — — 151 123 14 8

North Carolina Central University .................................................................................. NC 117 110 4 4 128 104 89 34

St. Augustine’s College .................................................................................................. NC 41 41 — — 21 21 — —

Shaw University ............................................................................................................. NC 174 152 — — 84 74 — —

Winston-Salem State University .................................................................................... NC 71 69 — — 179 71 — —

Central State University ................................................................................................. OH 118 94 — — 25 24 — —

Wilberforce University .................................................................................................... OH 55 48 — — 19 18 — —

Langston University ........................................................................................................ OK 97 41 — — 135 47 — —

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ............................................................................. PA 45 43 — — 25 25 — —

Lincoln University ........................................................................................................... PA 52 49 93 62 41 40 — —

Allen University .............................................................................................................. SC 12 10 ——————

Benedict College ............................................................................................................ SC 47 42 — — 61 60 — —

Claflin College ................................................................................................................ SC 20 17 ——————

Morris College ................................................................................................................ SC 25 25 — — 14 14 — —

South Carolina State University ..................................................................................... SC 153 153 — — 164 158 48 42

Voorhees College ........................................................................................................... SC 26 25 — — 13 13 — —

Fisk University ................................................................................................................ TN 43 43 ——————

Knoxville College ............................................................................................................ TN 18 18 — — 9 9 — —

Lane College .................................................................................................................. TN 10 10 — — 6 6 — —

Le Moyne-Owen College ............................................................................................... TN 46 46 — — 23 23 — —

Meharry Medical College ............................................................................................... TN — — — — — — 14 12 Tennessee State University ........................................................................................... TN 127 112 14 4 141 96 13 8

Huston-Tillotson College ................................................................................................ TX 23 22 — — 4 4 — —

Jarvis Christian College ................................................................................................. TX 26 24 —————— Paul Quinn College ........................................................................................................ TX 27 26 — — 6 5 — —

Prairie View A&M University .......................................................................................... TX 89 84 4 2 140 125 8 8

Southwestern Christian College ..................................................................................... TX ———————— Texas College ................................................................................................................ TX 12 11 — — 5 5 — —

Texas Southern University ............................................................................................. TX 132 112 38 21 204 181 49 33

Wiley College ................................................................................................................. TX 72 61 — — 1 1 — —

Hampton University ........................................................................................................ VA 213 212 17 9 210 193 17 11

Norfolk State University ................................................................................................. VA 193 184 — — 234 166 79 29

St. Paul’s College ........................................................................................................... VA 58 45 — — 4 4 — —

Virginia State University ................................................................................................. VA 168 160 17 9 73 70 — —

Virginia Union University ................................................................................................ VA 58 57 — — 17 17 — —

Bluefield State College ................................................................................................... WV 45 4 — — 52 1 — —

West Virginia State College ........................................................................................... WV 78 6 — — 95 15 — —

University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas Campus ................................................... VI 53 32 11 9 7544

NOTE: Total does not match table 31 because Edward Waters College did not report

degrees by field of study.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: STAFF 65

Table 37.—Employees in historically black colleges and universities, by primary occupation, employment status,

sex, and by type and control of institution: Fall 1993

Primary occupation and type and

control of institution

Total Full-time Part-time

Total

Men

Women Total

Men Women

Total

Men Women

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Total, all institutions ............................... 52,154 100.0 24,415 27,739 53.2 44,087 84.5 20,378 23,709 8,067 15.5 4,037 4,030

Professional staff ................................... 31,477 100.0 16,655 14,822 47.1 25,198 80.1 13,315 11,883 6,279 19.9 3,340 2,939

Executive/administrative/managerial .. 4,030 100.0 2,225 1,805 44.8 3,926 97.4 2,168 1,758 104 2.6 57 47

Faculty (instruction and research) ..... 17,600 100.0 10,391 7,209 41.0 13,406 76.2 8,123 5,283 4,194 23.8 2,268 1,926

Instruction and research assistants ... 1,090 100.0 607 483 44.3 — — — — 1,090 100.0 607 483

Non-faculty professional ..................... 8,757 100.0 3,432 5,325 60.8 7,866 89.8 3,024 4,842 891 10.2 408 483

Nonprofessional staff ............................. 20,677 100.0 7,760 12,917 62.5 18,889 91.4 7,063 11,826 1,788 8.6 697 1,091

Technical and paraprofessionals ....... 4,387 100.0 1,872 2,515 57.3 3,829 87.3 1,620 2,209 558 12.7 252 306

Clerical and secretarial ...................... 8,656 100.0 726 7,930 91.6 7,958 91.9 618 7,340 698 8.1 108 590

Skilled crafts ....................................... 1,435 100.0 1,350 85 5.9 1,393 97.1 1,319 74 42 2.9 31 11

Service and maintenance .................. 6,199 100.0 3,812 2,387 38.5 5,709 92.1 3,506 2,203 490 7.9 306 184

Public 4-year, total .................................... 29,661 100.0 14,229 15,432 52.0 24,929 84.0 11,821 13,108 4,732 16.0 2,408 2,324

Professional staff ................................... 17,727 100.0 9,687 8,040 45.4 13,972 78.8 7,678 6,294 3,755 21.2 2,009 1,746

Executive/administrative/managerial .. 1,773 100.0 1,110 663 37.4 1,741 98.2 1,088 653 32 1.8 22 10

Faculty (instruction and research) ..... 10,525 100.0 6,240 4,285 40.7 8,016 76.2 4,893 3,123 2,509 23.8 1,347 1,162

Instruction and research assistants ... 661 100.0 376 285 43.1 — — — — 661 100.0 376 285

Non-faculty professional ..................... 4,768 100.0 1,961 2,807 58.9 4,215 88.4 1,697 2,518 553 11.6 264 289

Nonprofessional staff ............................. 11,934 100.0 4,542 7,392 61.9 10,957 91.8 4,143 6,814 977 8.2 399 578

Technical and paraprofessionals ....... 2,012 100.0 916 1,096 54.5 1,709 84.9 765 944 303 15.1 151 152

Clerical and secretarial ...................... 5,256 100.0 383 4,873 92.7 4,840 92.1 309 4,531 416 7.9 74 342

Skilled crafts ....................................... 937 100.0 882 55 5.9 919 98.1 865 54 18 1.9 17 1

Service and maintenance .................. 3,729 100.0 2,361 1,368 36.7 3,489 93.6 2,204 1,285 240 6.4 157 83

Private 4-year, total ................................... 20,258 100.0 9,203 11,055 54.6 17,497 86.4 7,834 9,663 2,761 13.6 1,369 1,392

Professional staff ................................... 12,191 100.0 6,217 5,974 49.0 10,153 83.3 5,116 5,037 2,038 16.7 1,101 937

Executive/administrative/managerial .. 2,132 100.0 1,044 1,088 51.0 2,060 96.6 1,009 1,051 72 3.4 35 37

Faculty (instruction and research) ..... 5,900 100.0 3,570 2,330 39.5 4,659 79.0 2,863 1,796 1,241 21.0 707 534

Instruction and research assistants ... 405 100.0 219 186 45.9 — — — — 405 100.0 219 186

Non-faculty professional ..................... 3,754 100.0 1,384 2,370 63.1 3,434 91.5 1,244 2,190 320 8.5 140 180

Nonprofessional staff ............................. 8,067 100.0 2,986 5,081 63.0 7,344 91.0 2,718 4,626 723 9.0 268 455

Technical and paraprofessionals ....... 2,269 100.0 913 1,356 59.8 2,034 89.6 819 1,215 235 10.4 94 141

Clerical and secretarial ...................... 3,075 100.0 328 2,747 89.3 2,827 91.9 296 2,531 248 8.1 32 216

Skilled crafts ....................................... 466 100.0 437 29 6.2 444 95.3 424 20 22 4.7 13 9

Service and maintenance .................. 2,257 100.0 1,308 949 42.0 2,039 90.3 1,179 860 218 9.7 129 89

Public 2-year, total .................................... 2,046 100.0 906 1,140 55.7 1,514 74.0 665 849 532 26.0 241 291

Professional staff ................................... 1,432 100.0 695 737 51.5 982 68.6 481 501 450 31.4 214 236

Executive/administrative/managerial .. 106 100.0 62 44 41.5 106 100.0 62 44 — —.0 — —

Faculty (instruction and research) ..... 1,094 100.0 539 555 50.7 684 62.5 341 343 410 37.5 198 212

Instruction and research assistants ... 24 100.0 12 12 50.0 — — — — 24 100.0 12 12

Non-faculty professional ..................... 208 100.0 82 126 60.6 192 92.3 78 114 16 7.7 4 12

Nonprofessional staff ............................. 614 100.0 211 403 65.6 532 86.6 184 348 82 13.4 27 55

Technical and paraprofessionals ....... 86 100.0 35 51 59.3 66 76.7 28 38 20 23.3 7 13

Clerical and secretarial ...................... 301 100.0 15 286 95.0 268 89.0 13 255 33 11.0 2 31

Skilled crafts ....................................... 30 100.0 29 1 3.3 29 96.7 29 — 1 3.3 — 1

Service and maintenance .................. 197 100.0 132 65 33.0 169 85.8 114 55 28 14.2 18 10

Private 2-year, total ................................... 189 100.0 77 112 59.3 147 77.8 58 89 42 22.2 19 23

Professional staff ................................... 127 100.0 56 71 55.9 91 71.7 40 51 36 28.3 16 20

Executive/administrative/managerial .. 19 100.0 9 10 52.6 19 100.0 9 10 — — — —

Faculty (instruction and research) ..... 81 100.0 42 39 48.1 47 58.0 26 21 34 42.0 16 18

Instruction and research assistants ... — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Non-faculty professional ..................... 27 100.0 5 22 81.5 25 92.6 5 20 2 7.4 — 2

Nonprofessional staff ............................. 62 100.0 21 41 66.1 56 90.3 18 38 6 9.7 3 3

Technical and paraprofessionals ....... 20 100.0 8 12 60.0 20 100.0 8 12 — — — —

Clerical and secretarial ...................... 24 100.0 — 24 100.0 23 95.8 — 23 1 4.2 — 1

Skilled crafts ....................................... 2 100.0 2 — — 1 50.0 1 — 1 50.0 1 —

Service and maintenance .................. 16 100.0 11 5 31.3 12 75.0 9 3 4 25.0 2 2

—Data not reported or not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Staff Survey, 1993.’’

(This table was prepared February 1996.)
66 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: STAFF

Table 38.—Employees in historically black colleges and universities, by primary occupation, employment status,

race/ethnicity, sex, and by type and control of institution: Fall 1993

Primary occupation and type and

control of institution

Full-time Part-time

Black, non-HispanicWhite, non-Hispanic Other races Black, non-HispanicWhite, non-Hispanic Other races

Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Total, all institutions ............................................... 14,585 19,986 3,895 2,900 1,898 823 2,433 2,811 908 730 696 489

Professional staff ................................................... 8,336 9,247 3,302 2,036 1,677 600 1,903 1,947 826 620 611 372

Executive/administrative/managerial .................. 1,767 1,554 322 166 79 38 42 39 13 6 2 2

Faculty (instruction and research) ...................... 4,257 3,520 2,503 1,451 1,363 312 1,166 1,173 703 470 399 283

Instruction and research assistants ................... — — — — — — 377 351 58 73 172 59

Non-faculty professional ..................................... 2,312 4,173 477 419 235 250 318 384 52 71 38 28

Nonprofessional staff ............................................. 6,249 10,739 593 864 221 223 530 864 82 110 85 117

Technical and paraprofessionals ....................... 1,347 1,956 186 172 87 81 155 213 40 29 57 64

Clerical and secretarial ....................................... 532 6,587 39 634 47 119 87 481 14 67 7 42

Skilled crafts ....................................................... 1,127 70 161 3 31 1 31 9 — — — 2

Service and maintenance ................................... 3,243 2,126 207 55 56 22 257 161 28 14 21 9

Public 4-year, total ..................................................... 8,240 10,985 2,523 1,802 1,058 321 1,323 1,507 536 484 549 333

Professional staff ................................................... 4,635 4,852 2,057 1,189 986 253 1,031 1,067 495 401 483 278

Executive/administrative/managerial .................. 850 588 198 60 40 5 15 7 6 3 1 —

Faculty (instruction and research) ...................... 2,520 2,079 1,531 857 842 187 622 667 414 279 311 216

Instruction and research assistants ................... — — — — — — 202 174 33 60 141 51

Non-faculty professional ..................................... 1,265 2,185 328 272 104 61 192 219 42 59 30 11

Nonprofessional staff ............................................. 3,605 6,133 466 613 72 68 292 440 41 83 66 55

Technical and paraprofessionals ....................... 584 797 148 126 33 21 75 86 27 20 49 46

Clerical and secretarial ....................................... 294 4,047 13 447 2 37 60 289 7 50 7 3

Skilled crafts ....................................................... 713 50 138 3 14 1 17 1 — — — —

Service and maintenance ................................... 2,014 1,239 167 37 23 9 140 64 7 13 10 6

Private 4-year, total ................................................... 5,881 8,317 1,181 907 772 439 976 1,088 263 166 130 138

Professional staff ................................................... 3,407 4,009 1,068 703 641 325 761 707 227 145 113 85

Executive/administrative/managerial .................. 861 922 111 97 37 32 27 32 7 3 1 2

Faculty (instruction and research) ...................... 1,556 1,201 829 486 478 109 442 347 192 127 73 60

Instruction and research assistants ................... — — — — — — 168 171 20 7 31 8

Non-faculty professional ..................................... 990 1,886 128 120 126 184 124 157 8 8 8 15

Nonprofessional staff ............................................. 2,474 4,308 113 204 131 114 215 381 36 21 17 53

Technical and paraprofessionals ....................... 737 1,122 33 39 49 54 78 119 9 6 7 16

Clerical and secretarial ....................................... 226 2,331 25 150 45 50 26 170 6 14 — 32

Skilled crafts ....................................................... 394 20 18 — 12 — 13 7 — — — 2

Service and maintenance ................................... 1,117 835 37 15 25 10 98 85 21 1 10 3

Public 2-year, total ..................................................... 421 604 180 183 64 62 117 193 107 80 17 18

Professional staff ................................................... 269 343 166 137 46 21 97 153 102 74 15 9

Executive/administrative/managerial .................. 47 34 13 9 2 1 — — — — — —

Faculty (instruction and research) ...................... 168 226 134 102 39 15 88 141 95 64 15 7

Instruction and research assistants ................... — — — — — — 7 6 5 6 — —

Non-faculty professional ..................................... 54 83 19 26 5 5 2 6 2 4 — 2

Nonprofessional staff ............................................. 152 261 14 46 18 41 20 40 5 6 2 9

Technical and paraprofessionals ....................... 18 25 5 7 5 6 2 8 4 3 1 2

Clerical and secretarial ....................................... 12 187 1 36 — 32 1 21 1 3 — 7

Skilled crafts ....................................................... 19 — 5 — 5 — — 1 — — — —

Service and maintenance ................................... 103 49 3 3 8 3 17 10 — — 1 —

Private 2-year, total ................................................... 43 80 11 8 4 1 17 23 2 — — —

Professional staff ................................................... 25 43 11 7 4 1 14 20 2 — — —

Executive/administrative/managerial .................. 9 10 — — — — — — — — — —

Faculty (instruction and research) ...................... 13 14 9 6 4 1 14 18 2 — — —

Instruction and research assistants ................... — — — — — — — — — — — —

Non-faculty professional ..................................... 3 19 2 1 — — — 2 — — — —

Nonprofessional staff ............................................. 18 37 — 1 — — 3 3 — — — —

Technical and paraprofessionals ....................... 8 12 — — — — — — — — — —

Clerical and secretarial ....................................... — 22 — 1 — — — 1 — — — —

Skilled crafts ....................................................... 1 — — — — — 1 — — — — —

Service and maintenance ................................... 9 3 — — — — 2 2 — — — —

—Data not reported or not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Staff Survey, 1993.’’

(This table was prepared June 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: STAFF 67

Table 39.—Employees in historically black colleges and universities and all institutions of higher education, by

primary occupation, and by type and control of institution: Fall 1993

Type and

control of

institution

Total

Professional staff Nonprofessional staff

Total

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Faculty

Instruction and

research

assistants

Nonfaculty

professionalTotal

Technical

and

paraprofessional

Clerical

and

secretarial

Skilled

crafts

Service and

maintenance

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Historically black colleges and universities

Number

Total ................................ 52,154 31,477 4,030 17,600 1,090 8,757 20,677 4,387 8,656 1,435 6,199

4-year .......................... 49,919 29,918 3,905 16,425 1,066 8,522 20,001 4,281 8,331 1,403 5,986

2-year .......................... 2,235 1,559 125 1,175 24 235 676 106 325 32 213

Public .......................... 31,707 19,159 1,879 11,619 685 4,976 12,548 2,098 5,557 967 3,926

4-year ...................... 29,661 17,727 1,773 10,525 661 4,768 11,934 2,012 5,256 937 3,729

2-year ...................... 2,046 1,432 106 1,094 24 208 614 86 301 30 197

Private ......................... 20,447 12,318 2,151 5,981 405 3,781 8,129 2,289 3,099 468 2,273

4-year ...................... 20,258 12,191 2,132 5,900 405 3,754 8,067 2,269 3,075 466 2,257

2-year ...................... 189 127 19 81 — 27 62 20 24 2 16

Percentage distribution

Total ................................ 100.0 60.4 7.7 33.7 2.1 16.8 39.6 8.4 16.6 2.8 11.9

4-year .......................... 100.0 59.9 7.8 32.9 2.1 17.1 40.1 8.6 16.7 2.8 12.0

2-year .......................... 100.0 69.8 5.6 52.6 1.1 10.5 30.2 4.7 14.5 1.4 9.5

Public .......................... 100.0 60.4 5.9 36.6 2.2 15.7 39.6 6.6 17.5 3.0 12.4

4-year ...................... 100.0 59.8 6.0 35.5 2.2 16.1 40.2 6.8 17.7 3.2 12.6

2-year ...................... 100.0 70.0 5.2 53.5 1.2 10.2 30.0 4.2 14.7 1.5 9.6

Private ......................... 100.0 60.2 10.5 29.3 2.0 18.5 39.8 11.2 15.2 2.3 11.1

4-year ...................... 100.0 60.2 10.5 29.1 2.0 18.5 39.8 11.2 15.2 2.3 11.1

2-year ...................... 100.0 67.2 10.1 42.9 0.0 14.3 32.8 10.6 12.7 1.1 8.5

All colleges and universities

Number

Total ................................ 2,602,612 1,687,287 143,675 915,474 202,819 425,319 915,325 183,987 438,041 64,065 229,232

4-year .......................... 2,095,567 1,329,285 118,908 625,969 199,796 384,612 766,282 151,061 361,628 57,371 196,222

2-year .......................... 507,045 358,002 24,767 289,505 3,023 40,707 149,043 32,926 76,413 6,694 33,010

Public .......................... 1,812,513 1,193,284 81,209 650,434 173,678 287,963 619,229 131,651 290,152 46,662 150,764

4-year ...................... 1,333,533 855,913 59,678 374,021 170,916 251,298 477,620 99,950 217,581 40,299 119,790

2-year ...................... 478,980 337,371 21,531 276,413 2,762 36,665 141,609 31,701 72,571 6,363 30,974

Private ......................... 790,099 494,003 62,466 265,040 29,141 137,356 296,096 52,336 147,889 17,403 78,468

4-year ...................... 762,034 473,372 59,230 251,948 28,880 133,314 288,662 51,111 144,047 17,072 76,432

2-year ...................... 28,065 20,631 3,236 13,092 261 4,042 7,434 1,225 3,842 331 2,036

Percentage distribution

Total ................................ 100.0 64.8 5.5 35.2 7.8 16.3 35.2 7.1 16.8 2.5 8.8

4-year .......................... 100.0 63.4 5.7 29.9 9.5 18.4 36.6 7.2 17.3 2.7 9.4

2-year .......................... 100.0 70.6 4.9 57.1 0.6 8.0 29.4 6.5 15.1 1.3 6.5

Public .......................... 100.0 65.8 4.5 35.9 9.6 15.9 34.2 7.3 16.0 2.6 8.3

4-year ...................... 100.0 64.2 4.5 28.0 12.8 18.8 35.8 7.5 16.3 3.0 9.0

2-year ...................... 100.0 70.4 4.5 57.7 0.6 7.7 29.6 6.6 15.2 1.3 6.5

Private ......................... 100.0 62.5 7.9 33.5 3.7 17.4 37.5 6.6 18.7 2.2 9.9

4-year ...................... 100.0 62.1 7.8 33.1 3.8 17.5 37.9 6.7 18.9 2.2 10.0

2-year ...................... 100.0 73.5 11.5 46.6 0.9 14.4 26.5 4.4 13.7 1.2 7.3

—Data not reported or not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Staff Survey, 1993.’’

(This table was prepared February 1996.)
68 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: STAFF

Table 40.—Instructional faculty in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, race/ethnicity, and sex:

Fall 1993

Institution

Full-time Part-time

Total

Black,

non-Hispanic

White,

non-Hispanic Other races

Total Men Women

Black,

non-Hispanic

Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Total ......................................................................... 13,406 4,257 3,520 2,503 1,451 1,363 312 4,194 2,268 1,926 1,166 1,173

Alabama A&M University ............................................. 299 89 72 41 29 59 9 83 57 26 29 15

Alabama State University ............................................. 216 49 73 45 28 18 3 80 41 39 28 29

Bishop State Community College ................................ 134 33 37 31 31 1 1 134 54 80 16 43

C.A. Fredd State Technical College ............................ 17 9 4 1 3 ———————

Concordia College ........................................................ 12 2 5 2 2 1 — 10 4 6 4 6

J.F. Drake State Technical College ............................. 24 7 7 5 5 ———————

Lawson State Community College ............................... 62 25 32 2 2 1 — 48 20 28 15 25

Miles College ................................................................ 52 17 17 2 4 8 4 19 10 9 8 7

Oakwood College ......................................................... 76 31 34 6 1 4 — 45 25 20 18 15

Selma University .......................................................... 27 15 6 2 2 1 1 10 6 4 6 4

Stillman College ........................................................... 62 13 15 19 11 3 1 20 8 12 1 12

Talladega College ........................................................ 55 18 13 13 5 5 1 10 9 1 3 1

Trenholm State Technical College ............................... 52 7 27 8 9 1 — 27 11 16 5 11

Tuskegee University ..................................................... 298 106 64 42 20 61 5 13 1 12 — 3

Arkansas Baptist College ............................................. 11 — 4 3 4 — — 26 8 18 — 3

Philander Smith College .............................................. 31 17 5 7 1 1 — 34 22 12 22 8

Shorter College ............................................................——————— 7 3434

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ............................... 192 66 63 29 12 20 2 38 20 18 13 9

Delaware State University ............................................ 67 13 6 34 14 — — 30 23 7 10 3

Howard University ........................................................ 887 383 253 121 47 61 22 266 172 94 123 73

University of the District of Columbia .......................... 433 115 101 85 29 84 19 408 226 182 — —

Bethune Cookman College .......................................... 125 37 30 24 19 13 2 56 25 31 14 20

Edward Waters College ............................................... 48 22 10 7 2 6 1 13 7 6 7 4

Florida A&M University ................................................ 462 160 127 91 45 31 8 97 56 41 31 27

Florida Memorial College ............................................. 72 32 11 14 7 4 4 95 54 41 16 17

Albany State College ................................................... 135 39 48 24 12 12 — 44 15 29 6 16

Clark Atlanta University ................................................ 227 98 63 23 19 22 2 73 38 35 35 35

Fort Valley State College ............................................. 116 38 30 16 17 12 3 39 22 17 10 9

Interdenominational Theological Center ...................... 21 11 5 4 — 1 — 21 18 3 16 3

Morehouse College ...................................................... 101 62 — 12 19 8 — 36 24 12 — —

Morehouse School of Medicine ................................... 148 54 50 19 7 14 4 —————

Morris Brown College ................................................... 93 32 38 10 6 7 — 43 24 19 17 16

Paine College ............................................................... 30 7 — 7 9 7— 4 2 2— 2

Savannah State College .............................................. 141 23 32 36 10 36 4 —————

Spelman College .......................................................... 131 28 63 16 14 7 3 67 33 34 28 19

Kentucky State University ............................................ 122 20 14 53 20 13 2 13 5 8 3 3

Dillard University .......................................................... 129 41 51 16 8 8 5 —————

Grambling State University .......................................... 288 101 102 27 22 30 6 —————

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge ............................................................. 511 181 197 42 26 53 12 82 46 36 36 32

Southern University, New Orleans ............................... 108 35 28 20 7 11 7 138 65 73 48 60

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus ............................................................. 58 16 36 5 1 — — 21 12 9 9 8

Xavier University of Louisiana ..................................... 203 41 26 69 43 16 8 40 21 19 7 9

Bowie State University ................................................. 127 46 34 26 17 3 1 66 43 23 29 14

Coppin State College ................................................... 104 32 33 15 13 10 1 115 59 56 36 50

Morgan State University ............................................... 285 104 66 44 21 37 13 75 47 28 27 20

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore ........................ 147 35 33 45 16 12 6 57 33 24 10 7

Lewis College of Business ........................................... 10 1 3 1 3 2 — 17 9 8 7 8

Alcorn State University ................................................. 163 57 45 16 13 24 8 34 16 18 11 15

Coahoma Junior College ............................................. 52 22 22 4 4 — — 33 11 22 11 22

Hinds Community College, Utica Campus .................. 46 18 23 4 — 1 — 32 12 20 12 20

Jackson State University .............................................. 320 118 83 41 31 39 8 123 78 45 49 30

Mary Holmes College ................................................... 25 10 6 6 1 1 1 —————

Mississippi Valley State University .............................. 106 45 30 9 3 16 3 26 23 3 21 2

Rust College ................................................................. 61 18 15 8 3 15 2 5 1414

Tougaloo College ......................................................... 63 18 20 11 4 9 1 28 9 19 3 18

Harris-Stowe State College .......................................... 40 2 6 16 16 — — 70 28 42 15 31

Lincoln University ......................................................... 136 24 8 50 45 7 2 74 38 36 — 5

Barber-Scotia College .................................................. 52 20 9 8 7 6 2 5 2 3 2—

Bennett College ............................................................ 52 10 22 6 8 5162423

Elizabeth City State University ..................................... 103 42 16 15 10 15 5 —————

Fayetteville State University ......................................... 194 73 36 43 12 24 6 —————

Johnson C Smith University ......................................... 83 14 23 22 6 16 2 19 13 6 6 3

Livingstone College ...................................................... 4 1 — 2 1 ———————

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical

State University ........................................................ 381 116 96 77 30 56 673414

North Carolina Central University ................................ 273 93 81 57 29 11 2 5 3 2 2 1

St. Augustine’s College ................................................ 108 48 35 9 10 3 3 20 13 7 12 6

Shaw University ........................................................... 53 13 16 18 6 — — 5 2 3— 1

Winston-Salem State University .................................. 146 44 46 26 18 10 2 —————

Central State University ............................................... 115 8 1 53 53 — — 49 32 17 3 4

Wilberforce University .................................................. 2 — — — 2 ———————
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: STAFF 69

Table 40.—Instructional faculty in historically black colleges and universities, by institution, race/ethnicity, and sex:

Fall 1993—Continued

Institution

Full-time Part-time

Total

Black,

non-Hispanic

White,

non-Hispanic Other races Total Men Women

Black,

non-Hispanic

Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Langston University ...................................................... 110 34 26 16 21 9 4 8 5 3——

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ........................... 96 26 29 21 6 8 6 5 4 1 4—

Lincoln University ......................................................... 85 35 14 15 13 6 2 293 115 178 75 157

Allen University ............................................................ 21 6 5 5 3 1 1 22 10 12 8 6

Benedict College .......................................................... 71 14 25 10 5 13 4 28 14 14 12 14

Claflin College .............................................................. 63 18 15 14 6 10 — 3 3 — 2 —

Denmark Technical College ......................................... 31 13 11 3 1 3 — 9 5 4 5 3

Morris College .............................................................. 45 12 12 14 3 4 — 8 2 6 2 4

South Carolina State University ................................... 225 78 62 30 21 34 ——————

Voorhees College ......................................................... 30 10 4 5 4 5 232121

Fisk University .............................................................. 64 18 17 16 8 5 — 19 15 4 12 4

Knoxville College .......................................................... 73 15 16 23 9 9 1 —————

Lane College ................................................................ 40 12 7 3 5 11 2 3 3 — 3 —

Le Moyne-Owen College ............................................. 79 3 — 44 29 3 ——————

Meharry Medical College ............................................. 243 106 51 30 14 34 8 35 30 5 18 3

Tennessee State University ......................................... 291 69 69 89 39 20 5 105 56 49 26 28

Huston-Tillotson College .............................................. 39 9 9 10 7 2 2 —————

Jarvis Christian College ............................................... 58 3 2 24 22 3 4 4 4 — — —

Paul Quinn College ...................................................... — — — — — — — 20 14 6 1 —

Prairie View A&M University ........................................ 232 108 54 24 11 29 6 70 39 31 24 27

St. Philip’s College ....................................................... 208 18 27 71 46 32 14 106 73 33 15 9

Southwestern Christian College ................................... 22 7 5 7 3 — — 3 2 1 1 1

Texas College .............................................................. 38 — — 24 13 1 ——————

Texas Southern University ........................................... 391 184 129 23 14 32 9 99 53 46 43 40

Wiley College ............................................................... 34 7 6 7 3 11 — 4 2222

Hampton University ...................................................... 324 78 100 50 47 40 9 37 13 24 1 7

Norfolk State University ............................................... 353 123 107 59 27 26 11 —————

St. Paul’s College ......................................................... 32 9 5 10 1 7 — 15 7 8 7 3

Virginia State University ............................................... 180 64 47 36 9 23 1 82 43 39 30 27

Virginia Union University .............................................. 78 22 24 13 9 8 2 58 37 21 24 16

Bluefield State College ................................................. 91 3 1 49 35 3 ——————

West Virginia State College ......................................... 146 9 14 67 50 5 1 94 53 41 2 2

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus ................................................. 86 19 20 26 13 4 4 —————

—Data not reported or not applicable. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Staff Survey, 1993.’’

(This table was prepared June 1996.)

Table 41.—Full-time instructional faculty in historically black colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity, academic

rank, and sex: Fall 1993

Academic rank and sex Total

Race/ethnicity

White,

nonHispanic

Black,

nonHispanicHispanic

Asian or

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaskan

Native

Nonresident alien

Race/

ethnicity

unknown

1 23456789

Full-time men and women, all ranks ............. 13,406 3,954 7,777 158 1,214 24 196 83

Professors .................................................. 3,011 918 1,613 23 430 12 10 5

Associate professors ................................. 3,119 963 1,762 37 294 3 44 16

Assistant professors .................................. 4,161 1,163 2,452 56 352 8 95 35

Instructors .................................................. 2,191 688 1,338 32 91 1 24 17

Lecturers .................................................... 419 96 277 4 19 — 13 10

Other faculty .............................................. 505 126 335 6 28 — 10 —

Part-time men and women, all ranks ............ 4,194 1,173 2,339 72 124 6 18 462

Full-time men, all ranks.

Professors .............................................. 2,226 670 1,124 12 395 10 10 5

Associate professors .............................. 2,013 671 1,020 26 236 2 42 16

Assistant professors ............................... 2,408 700 1,269 31 289 5 83 31

Instructors .............................................. 995 333 547 23 61 1 19 11

Lecturers ................................................ 225 58 142 4 9 — 7 5

Other faculty ........................................... 256 71 155 1 22 — 7 —

Part-time men, all ranks ............................ 2,268 703 1,166 38 86 2 15 258

Full-time women, all ranks.

Professors .............................................. 785 248 489 11 35 2 — —

Associate professors .............................. 1,106 292 742 11 58 1 2 —

Assistant professors ............................... 1,753 463 1,183 25 63 3 12 4

Instructors .............................................. 1,196 355 791 9 30 — 5 6

Lecturers ................................................ 194 38 135 — 10 — 6 5

Other faculty ........................................... 249 55 180 5 6 — 3 —

Part-time women, all ranks ........................ 1,926 470 1,173 34 38 4 3 204

—Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.—Data exclude faculty employed by system offices. Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Staff Survey, 1993.’’

(This table was prepared June 1996.)
70 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: STAFF

Table 42.—Employees and average faculty salary on 9-month contracts in historically black colleges and

universities, by institution, employment status, and sex: Fall 1993 and 1994–95

Institution

Fall 1993 Average salary for full-time

faculty, 1994–95

State

Total,

fulltime

and

parttime

Men Women Fulltime

Parttime

Professional staff

Nonprofessional staff Total Men WomenExecutive/

administrative

managerial

Faculty

(instruction

and research)

Instructional

and

research

assistants

Nonfaculty

professional

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total ..................................................................... — 52,154 24,415 27,739 44,087 8,067 4,030 17,600 1,090 8,757 20,677 $38,472 $40,217 $35,772

Alabama A&M University ......................................... AL 1,070 553 517 759 311 25 382 209 208 246 36,413 38,082 33,309

Alabama State University ......................................... AL 764 365 399 682 82 27 296 — 94 347 35,192 37,202 33,163

Bishop State Community College 1 .......................... AL 443 188 255 302 141 16 268 5 40 114 35,726 36,222 35,278

C.A. Fredd State Technical College ........................ AL 45 22 23 45 0 2 17 — 14 12 39,549 39,744 39,382

Carver State Technical College 1 ............................. AL — — — — — — — — — — — — — Concordia College .................................................... AL 51 18 33 37 14 6 22 — 13 10 — — —

J.F. Drake State Technical College ......................... AL 79 39 40 56 23 4 24 19 12 20 — — —

Lawson State Community College ........................... AL 179 77 102 129 50 14 110 — 15 40 38,725 38,770 38,689

Miles College ............................................................ AL 179 82 97 158 21 11 71 — 21 76 22,515 22,600 22,385

Oakwood College ..................................................... AL 304 145 159 233 71 27 121 — 34 122 29,749 30,057 29,469

Selma University ...................................................... AL 122 71 51 94 28 7 37 1 — 77 — — —

Stillman College ....................................................... AL 198 92 106 178 20 25 82 — 36 55 28,218 29,341 26,850

Talladega College .................................................... AL 210 90 120 188 22 5 65 — 63 77 30,294 31,578 28,062

Trenholm State Technical College ........................... AL 129 50 79 100 29 5 79 — 16 29 — — —

Tuskegee University ................................................. AL 1,068 524 544 1,007 61 18 311 — 221 518 33,301 35,193 29,072

Arkansas Baptist College 2 ....................................... AR 150 48 102 24 126 6 37 — 32 75 15,034 15,186 14,852

Philander Smith College 2 ........................................ AR 205 85 120 155 50 18 65 — 73 49 23,574 23,923 22,876

Shorter College 2 ...................................................... AR 10 3 7 3 7 — 7 — — 3 — — — University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ............................ AR 619 268 351 576 43 68 230 — 59 262 34,070 36,460 30,642

Delaware State University 2 ...................................... DE 532 108 424 472 60 8 97 1 145 281 40,198 41,601 37,925

Howard University 3 .................................................. DC 6,476 2,823 3,653 5,469 1,007 967 1,153 295 1,258 2,803 49,159 51,704 45,127

University of the District of Columbia ....................... DC 1,825 957 868 1,197 628 40 841 — 257 687 50,764 51,578 48,985

Bethune Cookman College ...................................... FL 445 201 244 360 85 30 181 — 66 168 29,634 30,138 28,954

Edward Waters College 3 ......................................... FL 151 77 74 138 13 19 61 — 13 58 34,212 35,732 31,741

Florida A&M University ............................................. FL 1,591 789 802 1,466 125 145 559 — 289 598 43,980 45,992 40,806

Florida Memorial College ......................................... FL 296 150 146 172 124 29 167 — 41 59 30,851 31,163 30,241

Albany State College ................................................ GA 481 211 270 435 46 36 179 — 81 185 39,636 40,273 38,638

Clark Atlanta University 2 .......................................... GA 860 410 450 744 116 60 300 — 193 307 39,975 43,388 34,328

Fort Valley State College ......................................... GA 518 240 278 463 55 60 155 — 74 229 38,782 41,381 35,502

Interdenominational Theological Center .................. GA 78 45 33 57 21 6 42 — 6 24 41,260 42,707 38,158

Morehouse College 2 ................................................ GA 274 173 101 215 59 — 137 — 51 86 40,475 41,453 38,194

Morehouse School of Medicine ................................ GA 577 262 315 505 72 15 148 42 164 208 — — —

Morris Brown College 2,3 .......................................... GA 370 221 149 295 75 34 136 — 126 74 34,327 35,913 31,631

Paine College 2,3 ....................................................... GA 66 52 14 39 27 2 34 — — 30 34,059 35,621 31,561

Savannah State College .......................................... GA 428 223 205 424 4 41 141 — 51 195 39,805 41,286 36,903

Spelman College 3 .................................................... GA 475 149 326 387 88 54 198 — 40 183 34,327 35,913 31,631

Kentucky State University ........................................ KY 610 301 309 563 47 38 135 — 139 298 39,020 41,627 33,525

Dillard University ...................................................... LA 269 112 157 269 0 14 129 — 35 91 35,890 38,072 33,935

Grambling State University ...................................... LA 1,071 474 597 1,061 10 113 288 — 186 484 34,185 35,476 32,354

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge ......................................................... LA 1,609 731 878 1,518 91 90 593 — 266 660 38,486 42,018 34,715

Southern University, New Orleans ........................... LA 510 242 268 358 152 16 246 — 100 148 34,173 34,866 33,147

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus ......................................................... LA 162 58 104 137 25 18 79 — 21 44 29,902 32,055 28,696

Xavier University of Louisiana .................................. LA 628 284 344 561 67 56 243 — 91 238 35,066 35,806 33,809

Bowie State University ............................................. MD 561 278 283 402 159 46 193 — 107 215 41,033 43,439 37,894

Coppin State College ............................................... MD 514 226 288 366 148 33 219 — 97 165 43,737 45,135 41,974

Morgan State University ........................................... MD 1,154 608 546 963 191 90 360 — 231 473 46,461 48,263 43,168

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore .................... MD 571 307 264 428 143 31 204 74 64 198 37,768 41,006 31,963

Lewis College of Business ....................................... MI 48 20 28 28 20 6 27 — 6 9 19,671 16,604 21,375

Alcorn State University ............................................. MS 653 296 357 580 73 44 197 — 104 308 34,238 35,257 33,103

Coahoma Community College ................................. MS 190 69 121 153 37 16 85 — 29 60 27,468 28,263 27,281

Hinds Community College,

Utica Campus ....................................................... MS 195 88 107 128 67 14 78 — 11 92 — — —

Jackson State University .......................................... MS 1,110 528 582 636 474 49 443 — 178 440 38,840 41,211 35,113

Mary Holmes College 3 ............................................. MS 80 36 44 79 1 7 25 — 8 40 23,835 23,160 24,781

Mississippi Valley State University ........................... MS 404 210 194 368 36 35 132 — 77 160 33,797 33,537 34,309

Rust College ............................................................. MS 202 92 110 197 5 17 66 — 29 90 26,188 25,599 27,720

Tougaloo College ..................................................... MS 209 83 126 180 29 20 91 — 37 61 27,548 27,725 27,228

Harris-Stowe State College ...................................... MO 308 125 183 139 169 22 110 — 58 118 37,038 39,311 34,764

Lincoln University ..................................................... MO 499 253 246 398 101 42 210 — 56 191 31,618 34,115 28,555

Barber-Scotia College .............................................. NC 149 75 74 141 8 19 57 — 24 49 29,287 30,453 26,954

Bennett College ........................................................ NC 174 45 129 158 16 23 58 — 28 65 34,360 35,153 33,832

Elizabeth City State University ................................. NC 365 176 189 365 0 35 103 — 42 185 42,541 43,226 40,743

Fayetteville State University ..................................... NC 556 269 287 542 14 27 194 9 80 246 42,110 43,219 39,046

Johnson C Smith University ..................................... NC 272 135 137 253 19 44 102 — 26 100 31,692 32,163 30,545

Livingstone College 2 ................................................ NC 48 35 13 30 18 7 4 15 — 22 26,576 27,794 24,837

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical

State University ..................................................... NC 1,429 734 695 1,181 248 75 388 233 105 628 45,449 46,631 42,983

North Carolina Central University ............................ NC 962 438 524 831 131 64 278 96 83 441 45,393 46,240 44,204

St. Augustine’s College ............................................ NC 396 183 213 375 21 42 128 — 40 186 27,521 27,669 27,345

Shaw University 2 ..................................................... NC 124 50 74 101 23 12 58 — 4 50 27,746 28,823 25,861

Winston-Salem State University ............................... NC 460 203 257 460 0 19 146 — 57 238 42,588 44,380 40,825
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: STAFF 71

Table 42.—Employees and average faculty salary on 9-month contracts in historically black colleges and

universities, by institution, employment status, and sex: Fall 1993 and 1994–95—Continued

Institution

Fall 1993 Average salary for full-time

faculty, 1994–95

State

Total,

fulltime

and

parttime

Men Women Fulltime

Parttime

Professional staff

Nonprofessional staff Total Men WomenExecutive/

administrative

managerial

Faculty

(instruction

and research)

Instructional

and

research

assistants

Nonfaculty

professional

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Central State University 2,3 ....................................... OH 532 276 256 457 75 6 164 14 166 182 41,705 42,794 38,700

Wilberforce University 2 ............................................ OH 12 0 12 9 3 1 2 — 2 7 27,939 28,238 27,491

Langston University .................................................. OK 324 146 178 304 20 22 118 — 77 107 33,799 34,682 32,987

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ........................ PA 309 176 133 254 55 40 101 — 44 124 56,308 56,449 56,102

Lincoln University 2 ................................................... PA 745 329 416 375 370 5 378 2 119 241 39,503 41,558 36,266

Allen University 3 ...................................................... SC 94 40 54 64 30 4 43 — 14 33 24,581 24,322 25,187

Benedict College ...................................................... SC 237 89 148 200 37 24 99 — 39 75 26,595 27,063 25,895

Claflin College .......................................................... SC 203 100 103 199 4 30 66 — 27 80 28,804 29,382 27,520

Denmark Technical College ..................................... SC 116 53 63 104 12 7 40 — 16 53 25,164 25,106 25,246

Morris College .......................................................... SC 166 69 97 154 12 7 53 — 48 58 26,951 26,800 27,177

South Carolina State University ............................... SC 680 341 339 680 0 33 225 — 100 322 35,655 36,892 34,056

Voorhees College ..................................................... SC 123 55 68 120 3 9 33 — 28 53 25,837 26,779 21,879

Fisk University .......................................................... TN 219 110 109 192 27 33 83 — 54 49 32,697 34,163 30,339

Knoxville College 3 .................................................... TN 195 117 78 195 0 40 73 — 32 50 34,268 35,815 31,630

Lane College ............................................................ TN 143 72 71 139 4 9 43 — 64 27 25,186 27,249 21,232

Le Moyne-Owen College 3 ....................................... TN 203 67 136 203 0 34 79 — 35 55 34,192 35,685 31,634

Meharry Medical College ......................................... TN 1,453 591 862 1,371 82 149 278 — 353 673 — — —

Tennessee State University ..................................... TN 1,162 569 593 901 261 46 396 — 279 441 44,225 47,079 39,107

Huston-Tillotson College .......................................... TX 144 76 68 139 5 24 39 — 22 59 28,533 28,991 28,021

Jarvis Christian College ........................................... TX 136 66 70 127 9 8 62 — 17 49 27,185 26,740 28,386

Paul Quinn College .................................................. TX 138 79 59 118 20 9 20 — 42 67 24,500 24,190 25,143

Prairie View A&M University .................................... TX 915 470 445 826 89 58 302 3 204 348 35,611 36,665 33,387

St. Philip’s College ................................................... TX 508 262 246 360 148 10 314 — 34 150 37,897 39,110 36,301

Southwestern Christian College ............................... TX 54 31 23 50 4 9 25 — — 20 17,452 17,653 17,000

Texas College 3 ........................................................ TX 135 69 66 135 0 33 38 — 17 47 23,024 23,433 22,124

Texas Southern University ....................................... TX 1,076 528 548 947 129 74 490 20 153 339 44,993 47,140 41,298

Wiley College ........................................................... TX 122 63 59 111 11 20 38 — 22 42 25,811 26,574 24,189

Hampton University .................................................. VA 1,019 469 550 905 114 41 361 52 85 480 36,710 38,955 33,952

Norfolk State University ............................................ VA 965 419 546 965 0 39 353 — 96 477 42,034 44,531 38,832

St. Paul’s College ..................................................... VA 185 84 101 153 32 32 47 — 48 58 27,735 28,068 26,406

Virginia State University ........................................... VA 708 345 363 625 83 52 262 — 74 320 41,484 43,625 36,979

Virginia Union University .......................................... VA 302 162 140 230 72 29 136 — 53 84 28,007 28,393 27,599

Bluefield State College ............................................. WV 206 105 101 198 8 26 91 — 19 70 32,126 34,516 28,611

West Virginia State College ..................................... WV 519 260 259 418 101 22 240 — 73 184 32,180 33,084 31,249

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus ............................................. VI 346 152 194 346 0 31 86 — 76 153 43,645 43,865 43,308

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop State Community College in

1993. 2School did not report staff. Data imputed.

3School did not report faculty salary. Data imputed.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Fall Staff Survey, 1993.’’

(This table was prepared February 1996.)
72 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: STAFF

Table 43.—Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in historically black colleges and

universities (HBCUs): 1976–77 to 1994–95

Year

Current dollars Constant 1994–95 dollars 1 Salary

at HBCUs

as a

proportion of

salary at all colleges

All

ranks

Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor

Instruc- tor Lecturer

Undesignated

or no

academic

rank

All ranks Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor

Instruc- tor Lecturer

Undesignated

or no

academic

rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Total

1976–77 ................................... $14,194 $19,394 $15,759 $13,485 $11,068 $12,755 $11,282 $36,374 $49,701 $40,385 $34,558 $28,363 $32,688 $28,911 81.0

1977–78 ................................... 15,244 20,763 16,816 14,440 11,748 13,578 12,691 36,607 49,859 40,382 34,676 28,212 32,607 30,477 81.6

1978–79 ................................... 16,692 23,006 18,620 15,561 12,542 13,782 13,412 36,650 50,515 40,884 34,168 27,539 30,262 29,449 84.4

1979–80 ................................... 17,647 23,916 19,706 16,506 13,307 12,056 14,668 34,190 46,336 38,178 31,979 25,782 23,358 28,419 82.6

1980–81 ................................... 19,668 26,559 21,574 18,030 14,483 17,431 17,365 34,150 46,115 37,459 31,306 25,147 30,266 30,151 84.4

1981–82 ................................... 21,049 28,557 22,879 19,261 15,437 18,556 17,245 33,641 45,642 36,566 30,785 24,673 29,657 27,562 82.7

1982–83 ................................... 22,344 29,755 24,197 20,311 16,440 19,811 18,669 34,241 45,598 37,080 31,125 25,193 30,358 28,608 82.2

1984–85 ................................... 25,210 33,433 27,138 22,835 18,430 20,080 19,761 35,850 47,544 38,591 32,473 26,209 28,556 28,102 82.8

1985–86 ................................... 26,588 35,414 28,542 23,898 19,430 21,930 21,430 36,750 48,950 39,451 33,032 26,857 30,312 29,621 82.1

1987–88 ................................... 28,699 37,766 30,782 25,963 20,723 23,640 25,180 37,262 49,036 39,967 33,710 26,907 30,694 32,694 79.9

1989–90 ................................... 31,957 42,250 34,445 28,824 22,934 26,781 27,793 37,855 50,047 40,802 34,143 27,166 31,724 32,922 79.6

1990–91 ................................... 33,836 44,750 36,274 30,401 23,724 29,296 33,041 38,002 50,260 40,741 34,144 26,646 32,904 37,109 80.2

1991–92 ................................... 34,659 45,818 37,197 31,295 24,432 27,670 29,964 37,719 49,863 40,481 34,057 26,588 30,113 32,609 79.0

1992–93 ................................... 35,586 46,857 38,589 32,031 25,181 28,751 30,847 37,555 49,448 40,724 33,803 26,573 30,341 32,553 79.6

1993–94 ................................... 36,820 48,439 39,564 32,969 26,580 30,799 31,583 37,875 49,828 40,698 33,914 27,341 31,682 32,488 79.4

1994–95 ................................... 38,472 50,760 41,017 34,724 27,591 31,614 33,502 38,472 50,760 41,017 34,724 27,591 31,614 33,502 80.5

Men

1976–77 ................................... 14,879 19,706 16,037 13,725 11,223 13,306 11,239 38,130 50,499 41,099 35,173 28,762 34,100 28,802 81.1

1977–78 ................................... 15,942 20,936 17,107 14,626 11,898 13,677 12,726 38,284 50,276 41,080 35,123 28,571 32,844 30,561 81.8

1978–79 ................................... 17,513 23,250 18,857 15,770 12,738 14,109 13,339 38,455 51,051 41,405 34,626 27,969 30,979 29,290 84.4

1979–80 ................................... 18,451 24,151 19,960 16,639 13,493 12,183 14,810 35,747 46,791 38,671 32,238 26,142 23,604 28,693 82.3

1980–81 ................................... 20,599 26,837 21,817 18,230 14,723 17,898 17,147 35,766 46,598 37,882 31,652 25,563 31,077 29,772 84.1

1981–82 ................................... 22,117 28,845 22,987 19,796 15,697 19,297 16,860 35,349 46,102 36,739 31,639 25,087 30,841 26,946 82.5

1982–83 ................................... 23,362 30,035 24,410 20,702 16,757 20,644 18,197 35,800 46,027 37,406 31,725 25,679 31,635 27,886 81.5

1984–85 ................................... 26,441 33,861 27,614 23,181 18,969 19,503 19,903 37,601 48,153 39,268 32,965 26,976 27,734 28,303 82.2

1985–86 ................................... 27,905 35,887 28,901 24,446 19,784 22,779 21,229 38,571 49,603 39,948 33,790 27,346 31,485 29,343 81.4

1987–88 ................................... 30,071 38,358 31,160 26,594 20,921 24,844 24,476 39,044 49,804 40,458 34,529 27,163 32,258 31,780 78.9

1989–90 ................................... 33,436 42,872 34,953 29,182 23,169 28,471 28,091 39,607 50,784 41,404 34,567 27,445 33,725 33,275 78.2

1990–91 ................................... 35,370 45,100 36,785 31,022 23,883 30,718 32,662 39,725 50,654 41,314 34,842 26,823 34,500 36,684 78.5

1991–92 ................................... 36,279 46,081 37,816 31,907 24,672 29,506 29,755 39,482 50,149 41,154 34,723 26,850 32,110 32,382 77.4

1992–93 ................................... 37,180 47,183 39,019 32,542 25,620 30,104 31,420 39,236 49,792 41,177 34,342 27,037 31,769 33,158 77.7

1993–94 ................................... 38,451 48,852 39,721 33,610 26,785 32,436 32,621 39,553 50,253 40,859 34,573 27,553 33,365 33,556 77.6

1994–95 ................................... 40,217 51,277 41,281 35,430 28,206 33,362 33,504 40,217 51,277 41,281 35,430 28,206 33,362 33,504 78.5

Women

1976–77 ................................... 13,178 18,505 15,138 13,140 10,940 12,009 11,323 33,771 47,422 38,795 33,673 28,036 30,776 29,017 87.5

1977–78 ................................... 14,211 20,241 16,166 14,179 11,629 13,460 12,660 34,127 48,607 38,822 34,049 27,925 32,323 30,401 88.1

1978–79 ................................... 15,471 22,235 18,108 15,279 12,386 13,401 13,484 33,971 48,822 39,761 33,550 27,196 29,424 29,608 90.9

1979–80 ................................... 16,472 23,194 19,175 16,331 13,159 11,914 14,516 31,914 44,937 37,150 31,641 25,495 23,082 28,124 89.5

1980–81 ................................... 18,243 25,656 21,030 17,779 14,291 16,759 17,674 31,676 44,546 36,515 30,870 24,813 29,098 30,688 91.2

1981–82 ................................... 19,402 27,607 22,629 18,616 15,220 17,574 17,697 31,008 44,123 36,167 29,753 24,326 28,087 28,285 89.0

1982–83 ................................... 20,791 28,905 23,730 19,855 16,166 18,797 19,305 31,860 44,296 36,365 30,426 24,774 28,805 29,584 89.4

1984–85 ................................... 23,351 32,112 26,184 22,448 17,950 20,881 19,565 33,206 45,665 37,235 31,923 25,526 29,695 27,822 90.0

1985–86 ................................... 24,538 33,917 27,770 23,282 19,114 20,815 21,754 33,917 46,880 38,384 32,181 26,420 28,771 30,068 89.0

1987–88 ................................... 26,584 35,967 30,004 25,221 20,545 22,257 25,949 34,517 46,699 38,956 32,746 26,676 28,898 33,692 87.2

1989–90 ................................... 29,769 40,395 33,531 28,401 22,723 25,092 27,472 35,263 47,849 39,719 33,642 26,917 29,722 32,541 87.1

1990–91 ................................... 31,351 43,575 35,231 29,586 23,581 27,958 33,512 35,212 48,941 39,570 33,230 26,485 31,401 37,639 87.4

1991–92 ................................... 32,113 44,986 35,982 30,486 24,229 26,404 30,199 34,948 48,957 39,158 33,177 26,367 28,735 32,865 85.6

1992–93 ................................... 33,098 45,848 37,736 31,355 24,804 27,881 30,234 34,928 48,384 39,823 33,089 26,176 29,424 31,906 86.2

1993–94 ................................... 34,249 47,097 39,255 32,127 26,409 29,363 30,489 35,230 48,447 40,380 33,048 27,166 30,204 31,363 85.5

1994–95 ................................... 35,772 49,190 40,509 33,776 27,101 30,090 33,499 35,772 49,190 40,509 33,776 27,101 30,090 33,499 86.5

1 Data adjusted by the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, averaged on an academic year time frame.

NOTE: Data for years prior to 1989–90 exclude imputations for survey nonresponse.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Benefits; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data

System (IPEDS), ‘‘Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full-Time Instructional Faculty’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: FINANCE 73

Table 44.—Current-fund revenue, current-fund expenditures, and educational and general expenditures in

historically black public colleges and universities compared to all public colleges and universities:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Year

Historically black public colleges and universities All public colleges and universities

Current-fund

revenue, in

thousands

Current-fund

expenditures, in

thousands

Educational

and general

expenditures, in

thousands

Currentfund

revenue

per FTE

student

Currentfund

expenditures per FTE

student

Educational

and

general

expenditures per FTE

student

Current-fund

revenue, in

thousands

Current-fund

expenditures,

in thousands

Educational

and general

expenditures,

in thousands

Currentfund

revenue

per FTE

student

Currentfund

expenditures per FTE

student

Educational

and

general

expenditures per FTE

student

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

In current dollars

1976–77 ..... $528,800 $517,637 $445,213 $4,005 $3,920 $3,372 $29,255,333 $28,634,846 $22,997,097 $4,607 $4,509 $3,622

1977–78 ..... 592,054 576,337 494,462 4,433 4,315 3,702 31,544,538 30,725,119 25,148,911 4,932 4,803 3,932

1978–79 ..... 689,535 676,728 587,496 5,207 5,110 4,436 34,527,476 33,732,873 27,490,406 5,499 5,372 4,378

1979–80 ..... 780,401 752,577 654,485 5,802 5,595 4,866 38,824,207 37,767,970 30,627,436 6,073 5,908 4,791

1980–81 ..... 833,070 824,628 715,680 6,111 6,049 5,250 43,195,617 42,279,806 34,173,013 6,503 6,365 5,145

1981–82 ..... 880,620 871,253 756,348 6,532 6,463 5,611 47,270,822 46,219,134 37,170,551 6,971 6,816 5,481

1982–83 1 ... 936,503 917,813 796,647 7,157 7,014 6,088 50,412,086 49,572,918 39,707,421 7,359 7,236 5,796

1983–84 1 ... 1,020,209 1,000,106 870,502 7,465 7,318 6,370 54,545,275 53,086,644 42,593,562 7,926 7,714 6,190

1984–85 ..... 1,098,419 1,087,676 939,885 8,485 8,402 7,260 59,794,159 58,314,550 46,873,546 8,945 8,724 7,012

1985–86 ..... 1,181,920 1,142,327 981,992 9,016 8,714 7,491 65,004,632 63,193,853 50,872,962 9,749 9,477 7,630

1986–87 1 ... 1,210,964 1,194,970 1,043,110 9,344 9,220 8,048 69,613,289 67,653,838 54,359,434 10,270 9,981 8,020

1987–88 ..... 1,296,330 1,272,692 1,111,048 9,769 9,590 8,372 74,771,255 72,641,301 58,639,468 10,778 10,471 8,452

1988–89 1 ... 1,428,578 1,372,712 1,197,327 10,340 9,935 8,666 81,927,371 78,945,618 63,444,908 11,544 11,124 8,940

1989–90 ..... 1,503,499 1,459,263 1,270,476 10,351 10,047 8,747 88,911,433 85,770,530 69,163,958 12,061 11,635 9,383

1990–91 ..... 1,605,172 1,583,616 1,385,041 10,685 10,542 9,220 94,904,506 92,961,093 74,395,428 12,557 12,300 9,843

1991–92 ..... 1,678,556 1,646,229 1,435,993 10,543 10,340 9,019 102,202,890 98,847,180 78,554,534 12,998 12,571 9,991

1992–93 ..... 1,777,731 1,737,859 1,518,390 10,777 10,535 9,205 108,186,484 104,570,101 83,210,979 13,674 13,217 10,517

1993–94 2 ... 1,905,439 1,885,046 1,638,582 11,375 11,253 9,782 112,968,097 109,309,541 87,139,226 14,460 13,992 11,154

In constant 1993–94 dollars

1976–77 ..... $1,470,391 $1,439,350 $1,237,967 $11,136 $10,901 $9,376 $81,347,890 $79,622,553 $63,946,129 $12,811 $12,539 $10,070

1977–78 ..... 1,542,689 1,501,735 1,288,397 11,550 11,244 9,646 82,194,188 80,059,065 65,529,390 12,850 12,516 10,245

1978–79 ..... 1,642,805 1,612,292 1,399,698 12,406 12,175 10,570 82,261,082 80,367,954 65,495,391 13,101 12,799 10,431

1979–80 ..... 1,640,558 1,582,066 1,375,858 12,197 11,762 10,229 81,616,202 79,395,781 64,384,959 12,767 12,420 10,072

1980–81 ..... 1,569,489 1,553,585 1,348,329 11,513 11,396 9,891 81,379,794 79,654,422 64,381,365 12,252 11,992 9,693

1981–82 ..... 1,527,152 1,510,908 1,311,642 11,328 11,208 9,730 81,976,008 80,152,194 64,460,343 12,089 11,820 9,506

1982–83 1 ... 1,528,373 1,497,871 1,300,128 11,680 11,447 9,936 82,272,524 80,903,002 64,802,511 12,010 11,810 9,459

1983–84 1 ... 1,588,722 1,557,417 1,355,591 11,625 11,396 9,919 84,940,734 82,669,278 66,328,906 12,343 12,013 9,639

1984–85 ..... 1,619,349 1,603,512 1,385,630 12,509 12,386 10,703 88,151,822 85,970,502 69,103,547 13,187 12,861 10,338

1985–86 ..... 1,659,977 1,604,370 1,379,183 12,662 12,238 10,521 91,297,383 88,754,189 71,449,805 13,692 13,311 10,716

1986–87 1 ... 1,637,360 1,615,734 1,410,402 12,634 12,467 10,882 94,125,010 91,475,612 73,500,080 13,887 13,496 10,844

1987–88 ..... 1,679,056 1,648,439 1,439,072 12,653 12,422 10,844 96,846,578 94,087,780 75,952,073 13,959 13,562 10,948

1988–89 1 ... 1,758,250 1,689,492 1,473,633 12,726 12,228 10,666 100,833,687 97,163,838 78,086,041 14,208 13,691 11,003

1989–90 ..... 1,743,931 1,692,621 1,473,644 12,007 11,653 10,146 103,129,679 99,486,500 80,224,292 13,990 13,496 10,883

1990–91 ..... 1,768,832 1,745,079 1,526,257 11,775 11,617 10,160 104,580,793 102,439,233 81,980,647 13,837 13,554 10,847

1991–92 ..... 1,788,122 1,753,685 1,529,726 11,231 11,015 9,608 108,874,097 105,299,346 83,682,115 13,847 13,392 10,643

1992–93 ..... 1,837,402 1,796,191 1,569,356 11,139 10,889 9,514 111,817,823 108,080,054 86,004,001 14,133 13,661 10,870

1993–94 2 ... 1,905,439 1,885,046 1,638,582 11,375 11,253 9,782 112,968,097 109,309,541 87,139,226 14,460 13,992 11,154

Percent

change,

1976–77

to

1993–94 ..... 29.6 31.0 32.4 2.1 3.2 4.3 38.9 37.3 36.3 12.9 11.6 10.8

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

NOTE: The Higher Education Price Index was used to convert data into constant dollars. FTE student means full-time-equivalent student.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Survey (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’ surveys. (This table was prepared April 1996.)
74 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: FINANCE

Table 45.—Current-fund revenue, current-fund expenditures, and educational and general expenditures in

historically black private colleges and universities compared to all private colleges and universities:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Year

Historically black private colleges and universities All private colleges and universities

Current-fund

revenue, in

thousands

Current-fund

expenditures, in

thousands

Educational

and general

expenditures, in

thousands

Currentfund

revenue

per FTE

student

Currentfund

expenditures per FTE

student

Educational

and

general

expenditures per FTE

student

Current-fund

revenue, in

thousands

Current-fund

expenditures,

in thousands

Educational

and general

expenditures,

in thousands

Currentfund

revenue

per FTE

student

Currentfund

expenditures per FTE

student

Educational

and

general

expenditures per FTE

student

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

In current dollars

1976–77 ..... $455,440 $455,270 $338,715 $7,323 $7,320 $5,446 $14,181,494 $13,964,969 $10,154,583 $7,226 $7,116 $5,174

1977–78 ..... 474,356 478,977 350,220 7,577 7,651 5,594 15,489,494 15,245,671 11,107,693 7,672 7,552 5,502

1978–79 ..... 531,766 531,530 394,322 8,719 8,715 6,466 17,310,313 16,988,111 12,342,710 8,365 8,210 5,965

1979–80 ..... 602,183 600,478 449,361 9,904 9,876 7,391 19,695,774 19,145,618 13,915,407 9,403 9,140 6,643

1980–81 ..... 655,780 659,207 474,436 10,601 10,657 7,670 22,389,172 21,773,132 15,900,792 10,286 10,003 7,305

1981–82 ..... 686,631 693,713 514,541 11,264 11,380 8,441 24,920,034 24,120,314 17,678,201 11,159 10,801 7,916

1982–83 ..... 739,355 746,324 543,626 12,532 12,651 9,215 27,183,640 26,362,831 19,221,796 12,130 11,764 8,577

1983–84 ..... 809,750 795,893 579,001 13,427 13,197 9,601 30,920,065 28,906,716 21,147,714 13,532 12,651 9,255

1984–85 ..... 847,891 840,922 606,012 14,427 14,308 10,311 32,678,536 31,636,713 23,187,778 14,415 13,955 10,228

1985–86 ..... 853,183 863,734 636,907 14,705 14,887 10,977 35,432,985 34,341,889 25,255,003 15,570 15,091 11,098

1986–87 ..... 909,233 907,857 666,482 16,040 16,016 11,757 39,196,539 38,109,719 28,596,121 17,145 16,670 12,509

1987–88 ..... 966,933 949,720 701,790 16,545 16,250 12,008 42,568,854 41,145,174 30,517,962 18,572 17,951 13,315

1988–89 1 ... 1,093,324 1,055,050 780,064 17,669 17,051 12,607 46,574,267 44,921,566 33,358,469 19,673 18,975 14,091

1989–90 ..... 1,208,254 1,169,790 872,806 18,942 18,339 13,683 50,724,044 48,885,041 36,421,118 21,054 20,290 15,117

1990–91 ..... 1,220,815 1,200,633 930,087 18,664 18,355 14,219 54,861,545 53,126,743 39,744,472 22,619 21,904 16,386

1991–92 ..... 1,321,756 1,300,343 1,019,821 19,378 19,064 14,952 59,193,006 57,341,982 43,012,623 23,698 22,957 17,220

1992–93 ..... 1,480,440 1,446,444 1,093,697 20,908 20,428 15,446 62,694,018 60,670,938 45,766,989 24,076 23,299 17,575

1993–94 2 ... 1,591,357 1,552,175 1,190,201 22,186 21,639 16,593 66,258,504 64,041,076 48,885,124 26,096 25,223 19,254

In constant 1993–94 dollars

1976–77 ..... $1,266,404 $1,265,932 $941,837 $20,362 $20,354 $15,143 $39,433,310 $38,831,237 $28,236,011 $20,092 $19,786 $14,387

1977–78 ..... 1,236,008 1,248,049 912,553 19,743 19,935 14,576 40,360,280 39,724,961 28,942,818 19,992 19,677 14,336

1978–79 ..... 1,266,923 1,266,361 939,465 20,774 20,764 15,404 41,241,505 40,473,864 29,406,281 19,930 19,559 14,211

1979–80 ..... 1,265,908 1,262,324 944,646 20,821 20,762 15,537 41,404,433 40,247,895 29,252,952 19,766 19,214 13,965

1980–81 ..... 1,235,478 1,241,935 893,829 19,973 20,077 14,450 42,180,812 41,020,204 29,956,817 19,378 18,845 13,762

1981–82 ..... 1,190,740 1,203,022 892,306 19,534 19,735 14,638 43,215,769 41,828,912 30,657,143 19,351 18,730 13,728

1982–83 ..... 1,206,627 1,218,001 887,198 20,453 20,646 15,038 44,363,700 43,024,140 31,369,971 19,796 19,198 13,998

1983–84 ..... 1,260,985 1,239,406 901,650 20,909 20,551 14,951 48,150,330 45,015,039 32,932,318 21,073 19,701 14,413

1984–85 ..... 1,250,007 1,239,733 893,416 21,269 21,094 15,202 48,176,487 46,640,574 34,184,692 21,251 20,573 15,079

1985–86 ..... 1,198,274 1,213,093 894,520 20,653 20,908 15,417 49,764,743 48,232,326 35,470,021 21,868 21,195 15,587

1986–87 ..... 1,229,385 1,227,525 901,159 21,688 21,655 15,897 52,998,137 51,528,634 38,665,178 23,183 22,540 16,913

1987–88 ..... 1,252,408 1,230,114 908,985 21,429 21,048 15,553 55,136,801 53,292,797 39,528,027 24,056 23,251 17,246

1988–89 1 ... 1,345,630 1,298,523 960,079 21,747 20,986 15,516 57,322,175 55,288,081 41,056,577 24,213 23,354 17,343

1989–90 ..... 1,401,472 1,356,857 1,012,381 21,971 21,272 15,871 58,835,565 56,702,478 42,245,391 24,420 23,535 17,534

1990–91 ..... 1,345,287 1,323,047 1,024,917 20,567 20,227 15,669 60,455,126 58,543,447 43,796,744 24,925 24,137 18,057

1991–92 ..... 1,408,033 1,385,222 1,086,389 20,643 20,309 15,928 63,056,779 61,084,931 45,820,235 25,245 24,456 18,345

1992–93 ..... 1,530,132 1,494,995 1,130,408 21,610 21,113 15,964 64,798,377 62,707,391 47,303,183 24,884 24,081 18,165

1993–94 2 ... 1,591,357 1,552,175 1,190,201 22,186 21,639 16,593 66,258,504 64,041,076 48,885,124 26,096 25,223 19,254

Percent

change,

1976–77

to

1993–94 ..... 25.7 22.6 26.4 9.0 6.3 9.6 68.0 64.9 73.1 29.9 27.5 33.8

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

NOTE: The Higher Education Price Index was used to convert data into constant dollars. FTE student means full-time-equivalent student.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Survey (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’ surveys. (This table was prepared April 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: FINANCE 75

Table 46.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black colleges and universities and all institutions of higher

education, by control of institution and purpose: 1993–94 1

Purpose

Historically black colleges and universities All colleges and universities

Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 234567

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $3,437,221 $1,885,046 $1,552,175 $173,350,617 $109,309,541 $64,041,076

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 2,828,784 1,638,582 1,190,201 136,024,350 87,139,226 48,885,124

Instruction .......................................................................................... 1,015,304 628,112 387,192 52,775,599 35,688,497 17,087,102

Research ........................................................................................... 190,418 109,782 80,636 16,117,610 11,180,363 4,937,247

Public service .................................................................................... 173,956 69,769 104,188 6,242,414 4,741,719 1,500,695

Academic support .............................................................................. 234,117 160,662 73,454 11,677,911 8,035,556 3,642,355

Libraries ......................................................................................... 64,087 47,350 16,737 3,908,412 2,449,109 1,459,304

Student services ................................................................................ 208,666 124,598 84,068 8,562,783 5,315,370 3,247,414

Institutional support ........................................................................... 448,928 248,927 200,001 15,926,239 9,328,236 6,598,004

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 281,715 172,781 108,933 11,368,496 7,433,185 3,935,311

Scholarships and fellowships ............................................................ 231,484 103,985 127,499 11,238,010 4,222,923 7,015,087

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 112,425 52,487 59,938 6,644,717 1,934,617 4,710,100

From restricted funds 2 ................................................................... 119,059 51,498 67,561 4,593,293 2,288,306 2,304,987

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 44,196 19,966 24,230 2,115,288 1,193,379 921,908

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 352,928 246,464 106,464 16,429,341 10,637,783 5,791,558

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 15,774 12,565 3,209 1,158,848 784,115 374,733

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 254,957 — 254,957 17,509,603 11,317,674 6,191,929

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — — 344,665 242,216 102,449

Independent operations (FFRDC) 3 ...................................................... 553 — 553 3,387,323 214,858 3,172,465

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — — 2,354 474 1,880

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 82.3 86.9 76.7 78.5 79.7 76.3

Instruction .......................................................................................... 29.5 33.3 24.9 30.4 32.6 26.7

Research ........................................................................................... 5.5 5.8 5.2 9.3 10.2 7.7

Public service .................................................................................... 5.1 3.7 6.7 3.6 4.3 2.3

Academic support .............................................................................. 6.8 8.5 4.7 6.7 7.4 5.7

Libraries ......................................................................................... 1.9 2.5 1.1 2.3 2.2 2.3

Student services ................................................................................ 6.1 6.6 5.4 4.9 4.9 5.1

Institutional support ........................................................................... 13.1 13.2 12.9 9.2 8.5 10.3

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 8.2 9.2 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.1

Scholarships and fellowships ............................................................ 6.7 5.5 8.2 6.5 3.9 11.0

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 3.3 2.8 3.9 3.8 1.8 7.4

From restricted funds 2 ................................................................... 3.5 2.7 4.4 2.6 2.1 3.6

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.4

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 10.3 13.1 6.9 9.5 9.7 9.0

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.6

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 7.4 — 16.4 10.1 10.4 9.7

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — — 0.2 0.2 0.2

Independent operations (FFRDC) 3 ...................................................... (4)—(4) 2.0 0.2 5.0

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — — (4) (4) (4)

—Data not available or not applicable.

1Preliminary data.

2Excludes Pell Grants.

3Generally includes only those expenditures associated with major federally-funded research and development centers (FFRDC). 4 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance, 1993–94’’ survey.

(This table was prepared April 1996.)
76 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: FINANCE

Table 47.—Current-fund expenditures, educational and general expenditures, and current-fund revenue in

historically black colleges and universities, by institution: 1976–77 to 1993–94

[In thousands of current dollars]

Institution State

1976–77 1983–84 1989–90

Currentfund expenditures

Educational

and

general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund expenditures

Educational

and

general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund expenditures

Educational

and

general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Total ............................................................................................... — $972,907 $783,927 $984,241 $1,795,999 $1,449,502 $1,829,959 $2,629,053 $2,143,282 $2,711,753

Alabama A&M University ................................................................... AL 14,839 12,726 15,518 28,110 25,687 28,472 43,339 39,585 42,807

Alabama State University .................................................................. AL 10,616 8,353 13,375 21,557 17,197 21,413 30,607 25,911 33,610

Bishop State Community College 2 ................................................... AL 3,465 3,326 3,447 5,420 5,194 5,433 6,959 6,712 7,498

C.A. Fredd State Technical College .................................................. AL——— — — — 1,824 1,811 1,779

Carver State Technical College 2 ...................................................... AL——— — — — 2,833 2,775 2,782

Concordia College ............................................................................. AL 500 395 444 1,509 1,213 1,641 3 2,044 3 1,764 3 2,465

Daniel Payne College, Birmingham 4 ................................................ AL 1,234 1,169 1,155 ——————

J.F. Drake State Technical College .................................................. AL — — ———— 3,376 3,276 3,414

Lawson State Community College .................................................... AL 4,712 4,482 4,665 6,786 6,410 5,165 7,621 7,350 7,578

Lomax-Hannon Junior College 4 ........................................................ AL 312 272 269 349 349 349 — — —

Miles College ..................................................................................... AL 6,335 5,888 6,186 5,290 4,776 5,017 4,401 4,076 5,820

Oakwood College .............................................................................. AL 6,249 4,072 6,300 10,683 7,843 11,238 15,771 12,210 15,966

Selma University ................................................................................ AL 1,436 1,314 1,607 1,647 1,573 1,200 2,902 2,752 3,245

Stillman College ................................................................................. AL 3,607 2,911 3,722 6,019 4,953 6,022 8,920 7,580 8,680

Talladega College .............................................................................. AL 4,585 3,756 4,560 5,291 4,326 5,401 8,695 7,490 7,329

Trenholm State Technical College .................................................... AL——— — — — 4,970 4,790 4,808

Tuskegee University .......................................................................... AL 21,592 16,412 21,728 39,427 30,897 41,410 51,176 44,935 51,504

Arkansas Baptist College .................................................................. AR 3 290 3 211 3 361 367 291 668 1,379 1,270 1,329

Philander Smith College .................................................................... AR 2,348 2,090 2,827 2,720 2,529 2,721 4,219 3,679 4,740

Shorter College .................................................................................. AR 3 158 3 144 3 163 254 233 245 3 1,396 3 1,366 3 1,263

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ..................................................... AR 11,730 10,005 11,494 14,334 12,231 15,142 25,294 23,244 28,062

Delaware State University ................................................................. DE 9,324 8,241 9,417 17,100 15,058 17,916 30,018 26,125 30,003

Howard University ............................................................................. DC 152,358 101,985 153,674 320,307 196,669 331,423 3 467,626 3 275,769 3 493,468

University of the District of Columbia ................................................ DC 3 5,022 3 5,022 3 4,942 78,839 78,060 77,383 99,120 97,447 96,906

Bethune Cookman College ............................................................... FL 6,429 5,260 6,933 14,404 12,260 14,753 22,994 19,347 23,138

Edward Waters College ..................................................................... FL 2,828 2,622 3,002 6,017 5,451 6,385 3 6,699 3 5,847 3 6,647

Florida A&M University ...................................................................... FL 23,117 20,730 23,477 41,781 38,419 42,021 80,053 73,225 84,728

Florida Memorial College .................................................................. FL 3,165 2,864 3,169 8,085 7,114 9,044 3 21,588 3 19,461 3 24,358

Albany State College ......................................................................... GA 8,130 6,912 8,358 13,920 12,150 14,301 19,326 16,745 19,306

Clark Atlanta University 5 ................................................................... GA — — ———— 48,760 46,286 48,822

Atlanta University 5 ............................................................................ GA 7,764 7,506 6,866 10,855 10,447 8,454 — — —

Clark College 5 ................................................................................... GA 8,699 7,224 8,920 14,846 12,856 14,788 — — —

Fort Valley State College .................................................................. GA 9,717 8,750 9,822 16,212 14,515 16,840 22,917 20,419 23,487

Interdenominational Theological Center ............................................ GA 1,773 1,616 1,536 2,058 1,997 2,131 3,605 3,512 3,607

Morehouse College ........................................................................... GA 7,564 6,097 7,668 15,249 10,935 15,300 25,366 21,437 29,744

Morehouse School of Medicine ......................................................... GA — — — 11,422 11,422 11,427 3 26,498 3 26,498 3 27,655

Morris Brown College ........................................................................ GA 7,334 5,692 7,486 11,187 8,649 8,864 3 16,860 3 13,980 3 16,737

Paine College .................................................................................... GA 3,838 3,287 4,048 4,681 3,950 5,474 6,549 5,712 6,974

Savannah State College .................................................................... GA 7,544 6,530 7,562 13,931 12,235 14,288 18,542 16,008 18,720

Spelman College ............................................................................... GA 6,904 5,568 7,052 13,421 10,688 13,543 24,456 19,364 23,949

Kentucky State University ................................................................. KY 11,617 10,367 11,621 17,071 15,555 18,146 26,402 23,898 27,559

Dillard University ................................................................................ LA 5,326 4,550 5,401 9,657 8,301 9,685 14,618 12,696 15,639

Grambling State University ................................................................ LA 10,299 8,618 10,299 28,162 22,647 29,263 45,540 35,724 46,508

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge .................................................................................. LA 25,941 21,500 25,745 50,693 43,344 51,653 64,039 55,853 65,521

Southern University, New Orleans .................................................... LA 5,637 5,465 5,652 10,775 10,355 11,111 16,104 15,448 16,246

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus .................................................................................. LA 2,021 1,960 2,051 4,304 4,144 4,459 6,393 6,214 6,353

Xavier University of Louisiana ........................................................... LA 10,600 9,655 10,605 14,934 13,565 15,157 26,979 24,556 29,453

Bowie State University ...................................................................... MD 9,564 8,514 10,059 13,462 11,939 13,804 22,157 19,601 25,130

Coppin State College ........................................................................ MD 7,765 7,690 8,165 12,892 12,499 12,299 20,929 20,037 20,921

Morgan State University .................................................................... MD 20,366 17,856 21,646 29,330 25,698 28,932 44,067 38,581 54,398

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore ............................................. MD 7,473 6,753 7,523 13,575 12,320 15,109 24,416 21,700 28,678

Lewis College of Business ................................................................ MI 521 497 542 3,709 3,645 4,054 1,638 1,617 1,645

Alcorn State University ...................................................................... MS 12,757 10,366 13,201 21,328 17,506 21,741 25,482 21,292 26,447

Coahoma Junior College ................................................................... MS 3 1,887 3 1,720 3 1,852 6,843 6,283 6,182 7,965 7,203 7,606

Hinds Community College, Utica Campus ........................................ MS 2,553 2,427 2,591 20,238 17,547 20,287 — — —

Jackson State University ................................................................... MS 27,546 24,081 27,106 36,744 31,667 37,178 55,354 45,345 56,682

Mary Holmes College ........................................................................ MS 2,711 2,408 2,868 4,225 3,634 5,398 7,021 6,291 6,734

Mississippi Industrial College 4 .......................................................... MS 1,739 3 1,588 3 1,712 ——————

Mississippi Valley State University .................................................... MS 9,096 6,657 9,083 12,870 9,560 15,807 17,136 14,431 17,592

Natchez Junior College 6 ................................................................... MS 71 71 72 ——————

Prentiss Institute ................................................................................ MS 564 431 566 755 624 785 — — —

Rust College ...................................................................................... MS 5,380 4,667 6,118 6,075 4,990 5,115 9,543 8,073 9,469

Tougaloo College .............................................................................. MS 4,012 3,578 4,058 6,426 5,779 6,156 8,975 8,348 9,281

Harris-Stowe State College ............................................................... MO 2,229 2,169 2,230 4,684 4,575 4,703 7,301 7,301 6,930

Lincoln University .............................................................................. MO 9,735 8,801 10,090 14,691 13,235 15,197 22,130 19,610 22,671
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: FINANCE 77

Table 47.—Current-fund expenditures, educational and general expenditures, and current-fund revenue in

historically black colleges and universities, by institution: 1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1

Currentfund

expenditures

Educational

and general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund

expenditures

Educational

and general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund

expenditures

Educational

and general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund

expenditures

Educational

and general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

$2,784,249 $2,315,128 $2,825,987 $2,946,572 $2,455,814 $3,000,312 $3,184,303 $2,612,086 $3,258,171 $3,437,221 $2,828,784 $3,496,796

49,573 44,279 47,886 48,979 44,753 49,575 46,831 45,761 51,332 58,299 52,427 58,426

34,575 28,870 36,654 36,788 30,746 37,796 41,393 34,646 44,278 43,541 36,451 46,655

7,734 7,348 7,819 7,950 7,303 8,136 18,172 16,852 18,573 21,024 19,607 20,466

1,898 1,883 1,922 2,003 1,990 1,964 2,486 2,465 1,371 1,979 1,979 1,137

3,281 3,236 3,335 —————————

2,521 2,245 2,739 2,658 2,389 2,863 3,664 3,390 3,260 3,200 2,861 3,766

— ———————————

3,620 3,489 3,582 3,766 3,600 3,854 3,757 3,625 3,935 4,424 4,296 4,402

7,819 7,573 7,937 8,347 7,999 8,187 9,042 8,615 9,720 9,693 9,313 11,111

— ———————————

5,868 5,457 6,378 6,039 5,420 6,523 6,203 5,615 7,345 8,044 7,364 8,492

16,236 12,814 17,211 17,146 13,272 18,507 17,848 13,795 19,664 18,373 14,296 21,413

3,272 2,643 2,839 3 3,604 3 2,849 3 3,166 4,572 4,274 4,538 5,519 4,918 5,110

9,665 8,147 8,711 10,718 9,183 9,756 11,553 9,931 11,510 11,142 9,555 11,247

8,111 7,348 8,269 9,802 8,728 9,464 11,629 9,974 11,440 12,732 10,967 12,913

5,099 4,911 5,114 5,322 5,112 5,285 5,479 5,270 5,577 6,351 6,119 6,822

58,212 51,726 58,741 62,792 56,197 66,928 70,656 64,514 69,144 73,861 66,968 73,907

1,528 1,413 1,766 1,696 1,563 1,820 1,921 1,831 1,972 1,926 1,823 1,985

4,554 3,950 5,164 5,498 4,878 5,677 5,625 5,013 5,710 5,523 5,069 5,532

960 884 873 858 786 812 3 936 3 848 3 922 712 652 1,194

27,936 25,847 27,747 26,530 24,264 29,660 28,601 25,799 30,029 32,453 28,549 32,462

30,663 27,019 31,745 34,591 30,635 34,075 3 36,143 3 31,886 3 36,441 41,700 36,370 41,679

449,856 284,208 454,604 3 453,386 3 287,402 3 458,373 541,334 310,479 554,816 3 548,011 3 316,601 3 564,100

97,556 96,411 95,729 99,535 98,973 100,038 98,826 97,586 98,170 97,072 95,824 99,749

24,518 20,768 26,772 27,474 23,226 27,699 27,861 23,618 27,601 27,604 23,629 26,372

3 6,849 3 6,089 3 6,840 6,603 6,132 6,553 3 6,501 3 6,041 3 6,414 3 7,973 3 7,357 3 8,207

84,883 77,118 89,799 92,658 83,245 95,757 103,308 93,557 103,597 117,855 105,886 116,848

14,737 13,618 15,432 14,416 13,310 14,808 14,211 12,853 17,212 14,203 13,002 14,582

20,168 17,526 20,416 20,801 17,985 21,287 23,798 19,312 23,841 25,612 21,169 25,844

53,439 51,498 53,631 73,482 69,189 73,119 78,898 75,365 80,145 106,681 102,674 106,843

— ———————————

— ———————————

23,345 20,679 23,810 24,136 21,346 24,461 27,209 23,746 27,729 30,018 26,209 30,918

4,131 4,039 4,108 4,833 4,730 4,868 6,177 6,105 6,180 6,164 6,114 6,164

29,521 25,676 33,208 35,253 30,747 39,279 40,957 35,239 42,432 45,198 39,378 47,217

29,255 29,255 27,385 33,937 33,937 33,047 36,634 36,634 37,099 47,509 47,509 49,873

20,760 18,278 21,598 3 28,439 3 24,423 3 32,413 3 30,067 3 25,726 3 34,609 3 31,416 3 26,805 3 36,506

7,194 6,366 9,328 7,965 6,985 8,382 3 8,959 3 7,770 3 9,665 9,582 8,453 10,769

20,346 17,378 20,554 21,215 17,837 21,652 23,594 19,385 24,055 25,724 21,162 25,864

26,659 21,266 26,456 30,012 24,553 30,463 32,371 26,366 33,043 35,144 29,329 35,371

29,563 26,585 30,572 33,309 30,219 34,132 31,227 28,119 33,134 33,370 30,050 35,330

15,345 13,309 16,593 17,481 15,515 18,170 18,354 16,353 18,758 19,677 17,785 20,273

50,880 40,372 51,123 53,661 42,956 54,542 53,948 43,247 56,616 57,632 41,967 58,005

70,400 60,673 71,426 75,357 64,846 75,935 78,196 67,473 79,582 84,086 72,906 84,383

17,616 16,969 17,861 6,752 6,590 6,807 19,780 18,981 20,060 20,542 19,322 20,799

7,213 6,945 7,158 19,222 18,377 19,455 6,640 6,348 6,703 7,211 6,954 7,314

30,830 28,302 32,551 34,085 31,555 35,473 37,942 35,251 39,823 41,686 38,594 44,263

27,245 23,537 29,929 29,390 25,869 30,162 30,202 26,702 31,111 28,965 26,250 33,259

21,749 20,554 21,849 20,197 18,931 20,281 22,235 20,277 22,376 24,912 22,312 23,750

53,282 47,518 56,038 54,463 46,414 57,926 60,095 52,042 67,105 70,626 58,565 71,289

26,798 23,968 31,737 30,839 27,500 33,510 32,322 27,720 33,908 35,844 31,160 37,222

1,454 1,432 1,444 1,471 1,450 1,459 2,022 2,003 2,017 2,109 2,076 1,999

28,893 23,459 29,681 28,153 24,165 30,343 32,170 26,507 31,730 34,103 28,881 33,010

8,297 7,555 7,581 7,540 6,840 8,370 7,338 6,745 7,454 7,609 6,937 7,333

— ———————————

56,918 46,816 56,206 57,569 46,709 58,440 60,271 51,059 62,024 65,688 54,348 68,186

7,054 6,457 6,897 6,464 5,798 7,539 6,756 6,183 5,911 3 5,394 3 5,019 3 4,043

— ———————————

18,470 16,146 20,278 19,257 16,369 21,164 20,332 17,135 22,665 21,347 18,254 23,433

— ———————————

— ———————————

10,159 8,483 10,301 11,226 9,363 11,445 12,208 10,455 12,576 12,361 10,761 12,639

9,391 8,680 9,926 11,109 10,225 11,253 12,282 11,248 12,389 13,890 12,769 13,909

7,630 7,630 7,707 7,561 7,561 7,711 8,865 8,865 8,965 9,498 9,498 9,656

25,628 22,686 25,863 27,611 25,256 27,177 26,523 24,401 27,059 27,415 25,415 27,902
78 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: FINANCE

Table 47.—Current-fund expenditures, educational and general expenditures, and current-fund revenue in

historically black colleges and universities, by institution: 1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

Institution State

1976–77 1983–84 1989–90

Currentfund expenditures

Educational

and

general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund expenditures

Educational

and

general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund expenditures

Educational

and

general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Barber-Scotia College ....................................................................... NC 2,235 1,877 2,381 3,512 3,064 3,504 3 4,907 3 4,336 3 5,597

Bennett College ................................................................................. NC 3,146 2,599 3,065 5,079 4,341 5,106 8,145 7,281 8,425

Elizabeth City State University .......................................................... NC 6,925 5,666 7,043 12,131 10,316 12,392 21,227 17,956 22,278

Fayetteville State University .............................................................. NC 10,907 9,104 10,789 16,078 13,231 16,416 26,960 22,360 26,869

Johnson C Smith University .............................................................. NC 5,771 4,521 6,435 9,478 7,761 8,881 17,811 15,492 16,385

Livingstone College ........................................................................... NC 4,516 3,706 4,850 5,531 4,659 5,533 7,224 6,202 7,210

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical

State University .............................................................................. NC 22,237 18,544 22,316 43,039 35,962 44,447 71,403 59,978 72,692

North Carolina Central University ...................................................... NC 16,389 13,234 17,128 29,557 24,257 29,969 44,276 37,221 45,767

St. Augustine’s College ..................................................................... NC 8,138 6,885 8,059 13,889 11,542 14,008 21,609 17,849 22,673

Shaw University ................................................................................. NC 5,524 4,475 5,525 10,870 9,487 11,191 13,410 12,371 14,769

Winston-Salem State University ........................................................ NC 9,869 8,009 9,798 17,389 14,042 17,553 25,505 21,471 26,089

Central State University ..................................................................... OH 12,026 10,058 12,245 20,035 15,245 20,055 31,131 25,290 31,823

Wilberforce University ........................................................................ OH 6,756 5,535 6,929 7,651 5,950 7,658 9,869 8,033 10,255

Langston University ........................................................................... OK 4,990 3,802 4,916 9,569 7,493 9,721 15,495 12,621 15,515

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ................................................. PA 11,922 10,982 11,922 17,333 15,398 17,333 21,659 19,133 21,795

Lincoln University .............................................................................. PA 9,213 7,673 9,293 14,089 11,866 14,136 21,298 18,431 21,229

Allen University .................................................................................. SC 3 1,166 3 1,166 3 1,513 3,414 3,053 3,375 3 2,813 3 2,564 3 3,393

Benedict College ............................................................................... SC 6,605 4,976 7,570 10,360 8,471 11,072 16,211 14,151 16,857

Claflin College ................................................................................... SC 4,078 3,385 4,081 5,311 4,382 5,346 8,124 6,725 7,910

Clinton Junior College 6 ..................................................................... SC 217 217 218 263 239 338 — — —

Denmark Technical College .............................................................. SC — — — 3,473 2,982 3,430 5,400 4,642 5,354

Friendship Junior College4 ................................................................ SC 425 351 396 ——————

Morris College ................................................................................... SC 2,549 2,142 2,850 4,630 4,068 4,944 7,799 6,688 8,277

South Carolina State University ........................................................ SC 14,556 11,793 14,236 24,967 20,064 28,713 43,080 33,788 43,595

Voorhees College .............................................................................. SC 5,237 4,408 4,748 5,419 4,877 5,569 5,581 4,881 6,388

Fisk University ................................................................................... TN 7,815 6,028 7,522 11,176 9,157 10,380 11,024 9,324 10,515

Knoxville College 7 ............................................................................. TN 4,551 3,461 4,301 6,907 5,995 6,785 15,023 13,399 13,846

Lane College ..................................................................................... TN 3,170 2,454 3,084 5,521 4,249 5,006 6,363 5,234 6,470

Le Moyne-Owen College ................................................................... TN 3,322 3,039 3,258 5,147 4,829 5,031 7,544 7,205 7,837

Meharry Medical College ................................................................... TN 37,063 16,556 33,236 51,142 27,071 52,863 63,085 37,086 57,026

Morristown College 7 .......................................................................... TN 936 780 844 2,020 1,302 1,533 — — —

Tennessee State University .............................................................. TN 19,512 17,694 20,188 41,111 37,481 39,888 55,222 50,505 56,820

Bishop College 4 ................................................................................ TX 10,873 8,753 10,191 8,295 6,975 7,971 — — —

Huston-Tillotson College ................................................................... TX 3,712 3,168 3,725 4,205 3,568 4,159 3,095 2,513 4,740

Jarvis Christian College ..................................................................... TX 4,005 3,471 4,005 6,543 5,518 6,543 5,776 4,629 6,187

Paul Quinn College ........................................................................... TX 2,454 2,152 2,436 3,850 3,386 3,552 3 7,020 3 6,401 3 5,133

Prairie View A&M University ............................................................. TX 22,879 19,452 23,028 41,845 34,115 43,324 60,707 50,474 56,542

St. Philip’s College ............................................................................ TX 7,764 7,306 9,877 17,871 17,228 17,906 23,037 22,954 24,494

Southwestern Christian College ........................................................ TX 1,298 999 1,188 2,169 1,816 2,304 2,716 2,279 2,842

Texas College .................................................................................... TX 2,665 2,119 2,592 3,162 2,871 3,291 4,452 3,938 4,581

Texas Southern University ................................................................ TX 3 20,992 3 17,830 3 20,992 41,879 36,152 42,006 59,345 53,498 61,516

Wiley College ..................................................................................... TX 3 2,169 3 1,856 3 2,189 4,508 3,895 4,467 4,865 4,474 5,052

Hampton University ........................................................................... VA 15,899 13,039 15,683 28,353 22,282 28,434 54,438 46,136 55,275

Norfolk State University ..................................................................... VA 17,122 14,600 17,642 32,635 27,289 32,880 57,485 45,564 58,697

St. Paul’s College .............................................................................. VA 3,612 3,012 3,677 5,642 4,632 7,093 6,735 6,040 6,956

Virginia College 4 ............................................................................... VA 3 316 3 305 3 392 — — — — — —

Virginia State University .................................................................... VA 18,325 14,390 18,480 29,405 23,974 32,179 49,097 36,130 51,015

Virginia Union University ................................................................... VA 6,819 5,473 6,880 9,976 7,604 9,966 13,473 11,661 13,995

Bluefield State College ...................................................................... WV 3,065 2,775 3,169 5,622 5,068 6,089 8,537 7,732 8,676

West Virginia State College .............................................................. WV 7,361 6,067 7,993 11,401 9,190 12,410 16,185 13,065 18,005

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus ...................................................................... VI 6,885 6,215 6,756 15,028 13,119 15,117 — — —
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: FINANCE 79

Table 47.—Current-fund expenditures, educational and general expenditures, and current-fund revenue in

historically black colleges and universities, by institution: 1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1

Currentfund

expenditures

Educational

and general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund

expenditures

Educational

and general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund

expenditures

Educational

and general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

Currentfund

expenditures

Educational

and general

expenditures

Currentfund

revenue

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

3 5,318 3 4,699 3 6,002 7,452 6,270 6,799 7,640 6,990 6,961 8,323 7,578 7,600

8,931 8,036 9,133 9,557 8,553 9,588 10,518 9,647 10,286 12,018 10,971 11,634

22,634 19,219 23,207 23,344 19,806 24,306 26,464 21,822 26,322 27,960 23,683 28,495

28,727 23,951 28,557 31,200 26,386 32,221 33,481 27,875 33,915 36,136 30,673 36,620

15,789 13,660 15,815 17,151 14,666 17,131 18,416 16,050 18,448 19,760 17,070 19,784

8,444 6,760 10,396 8,394 7,503 8,615 9,866 8,909 10,108 10,095 8,934 10,051

75,542 63,927 75,844 78,808 67,859 80,228 85,432 73,809 89,830 95,157 82,863 98,671

47,894 38,688 49,081 48,586 41,102 48,684 49,708 41,808 50,982 56,431 47,357 57,443

22,270 18,227 20,916 23,205 19,157 21,958 24,677 20,669 23,230 24,094 20,326 21,965

17,015 15,736 17,309 18,374 17,073 21,504 22,653 21,048 26,336 23,213 21,599 25,336

26,651 22,024 26,923 27,820 23,157 27,783 27,825 22,795 27,346 32,148 27,100 32,435

35,151 30,028 35,115 37,516 31,291 37,577 39,217 32,408 34,118 39,566 32,656 39,132

10,887 8,899 11,083 11,618 9,723 11,688 11,615 9,768 11,755 12,785 10,416 13,330

19,295 15,730 18,485 3 23,020 3 18,269 3 24,605 21,982 18,508 21,318 22,599 19,114 22,759

21,442 18,775 23,311 22,285 19,662 23,745 21,380 18,655 23,690 24,810 22,211 25,266

22,362 19,353 22,261 23,705 20,625 23,372 23,955 21,928 22,574 25,641 22,515 25,784

3 3,049 3 2,778 3 3,638 3,180 3,180 2,324 4,461 4,099 4,533 3,968 3,740 4,181

16,492 14,808 16,587 17,015 15,110 16,382 15,146 13,703 16,339 16,146 14,326 16,954

8,394 6,990 8,477 9,098 7,706 9,183 9,896 8,401 9,929 10,250 8,452 10,353

— ———————————

5,834 5,027 5,790 5,569 4,675 5,612 5,915 5,023 5,513 4,930 4,165 5,352

— ———————————

7,933 6,945 8,463 8,189 7,070 8,457 9,183 7,905 9,190 10,497 9,011 10,724

43,584 34,498 44,548 45,106 36,033 46,143 48,067 38,171 48,825 48,881 39,097 49,811

6,040 5,336 6,799 6,513 5,604 7,033 6,831 5,571 7,540 7,992 6,594 8,428

11,005 9,365 11,029 11,543 9,893 11,563 12,194 10,522 12,509 12,830 11,225 13,317

15,006 13,541 14,349 13,748 12,193 13,791 11,477 9,963 10,574 3 8,188 3 7,107 3 7,542

5,801 4,711 5,806 6,870 5,650 7,022 6,543 5,501 6,856 7,830 6,184 8,553

7,544 7,205 7,837 3 8,605 3 8,197 3 9,003 9,756 8,534 10,764 11,618 11,363 12,810

66,744 39,677 61,210 73,070 45,382 72,917 79,885 47,771 73,173 97,859 60,097 98,356

— ———————————

56,555 52,827 56,916 56,780 52,372 59,144 64,225 59,466 66,230 69,283 64,203 70,051

— ——————————— 3 3,355 3 2,723 3 5,077 7,294 6,548 7,351 7,235 6,395 7,423 7,844 7,015 7,852

7,935 7,043 7,309 9,660 8,691 9,334 9,140 8,279 10,069 7,467 6,802 7,242

3 7,609 3 6,938 3 5,504 10,367 9,730 6,990 6,420 6,115 10,638 7,362 7,190 9,102

54,373 45,108 47,846 60,864 48,876 54,389 64,569 52,143 57,765 68,281 54,846 62,197

23,998 23,920 24,660 25,698 25,487 23,528 27,810 27,578 29,089 26,890 26,826 26,907

2,611 2,275 2,895 2,806 2,452 2,939 2,615 2,286 2,799 3,002 2,579 3,188

4,358 3,755 4,511 4,916 4,481 4,680 5,398 4,729 5,606 6,887 6,135 5,208

62,195 55,318 64,283 67,401 60,951 69,908 67,573 61,934 73,291 79,371 73,245 80,598

4,902 4,462 5,591 5,171 4,750 5,483 5,956 5,411 6,074 6,667 6,038 6,367

59,812 52,284 62,973 64,804 56,196 65,731 65,372 56,648 66,142 73,553 64,468 74,854

55,134 47,080 61,144 59,111 47,879 59,013 61,509 48,164 62,888 65,380 49,932 65,148

7,354 6,832 7,700 8,378 7,638 8,588 9,253 8,236 9,092 9,087 7,929 9,290

— ———————————

47,836 35,795 47,673 45,137 33,539 47,217 44,773 33,911 47,595 46,481 37,065 46,504

13,958 12,051 14,639 14,915 12,601 15,841 16,157 13,674 17,872 17,206 14,729 18,647

9,771 8,846 10,100 10,916 9,941 10,938 12,090 11,072 12,585 11,890 10,965 12,740

19,776 16,533 20,032 20,600 16,884 22,469 22,587 19,117 23,283 25,132 21,144 22,734

35,781 33,412 30,336 29,258 26,808 29,990 30,520 28,078 31,432 33,489 30,743 33,542

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Preliminary data.

2 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop State Community College in

1993. 3 NCES estimates.

4School closed. Check Table 8 footnotes for year school closed.

5Atlanta University and Clark College merged July 1, 1988 and became Clark Atlanta

University.

6School no longer eligible for listing.

7Knoxville College has two campuses now. In 1989, Morristown College merged with

Knoxville College.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ survey; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’ surveys. (This table was prepared April 1996.)
80 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE

Table 48.—Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and universities, by institution and source of funds:

1993–94 1

[In thousands of dollars]

Institution State Total

Tuition

and

fees

Federal

appropriations,

grants,

and

contracts

State

appropriations,

grants,

and

contracts

Local

appropriations,

grants,

and

contracts

Private

gifts,

grants,

and

contracts

Endowment incomeAuxiliary

enterprisesHospitals

Educational

activities

and other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Total ...................................................................... — $3,496,796 $862,615 $719,926 $840,144 $90,103 $189,157 $28,709 $390,786 $257,734 $117,622

Alabama A&M University .......................................... AL 58,426 12,552 14,922 22,684 4 1,450 — 6,297 — 518

Alabama State University .......................................... AL 46,655 12,426 4,269 21,894 3 264 17 6,880 — 902

Bishop State Community College 2 ........................... AL 20,466 4,252 3,365 10,831 — 361 — 1,318 — 339

C.A. Fredd State Technical College ......................... AL 1,137 234 787 110 ————— 5

Concordia College ..................................................... AL 3,766 1,466 863 — 259 536 126 474 — 43

J.F. Drake State Technical College .......................... AL 4,402 675 839 2,613 89 — — 138 — 48

Lawson State Community College ............................ AL 11,111 2,517 1,735 5,999 245 44 — 449 — 122

Miles College ............................................................. AL 8,492 3,766 1,922 380 — 1,460 11 923 — 30

Oakwood College ...................................................... AL 21,413 8,946 2,101 — — 6,353 — 3,853 — 159

Selma University ....................................................... AL 5,110 1,305 1,535 — — 220 98 1,148 — 804

Stillman College ........................................................ AL 11,247 4,103 2,715 — — 1,743 420 1,740 — 526

Talladega College ..................................................... AL 12,913 5,118 2,759 423 — 1,568 292 2,519 — 235

Trenholm State Technical College ............................ AL 6,822 1,180 1,021 4,229 83 — — 227 — 81

Tuskegee University .................................................. AL 73,907 23,013 21,377 4,497 610 12,842 2,686 6,733 — 2,149

Arkansas Baptist College .......................................... AR 1,985 536 434 — — 849 13 151 — 1

Philander Smith College ............................................ AR 5,532 2,260 1,277 36 — 1,135 40 524 — 262

Shorter College ......................................................... AR 1,194 538 346 161 — 89 — 60 — —

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff ............................. AR 32,462 6,556 5,413 15,824 — 492 541 2,872 — 764

Delaware State University ......................................... DE 41,679 9,862 5,647 19,058 — 401 — 5,449 — 1,261

Howard University 3 ................................................... DC 564,100 84,213 187,141 1,482 — 10,496 3,160 17,993 221,924 37,690

University of the District of Columbia ........................ DC 99,749 10,383 6,857 — 73,622 509 745 657 — 6,976

Bethune Cookman College ....................................... FL 26,372 11,948 3,660 2,852 — 3,242 92 4,121 — 458

Edward Waters College 3 .......................................... FL 8,207 3,622 2,458 885 42 1,077 13 84 — 26

Florida A&M University .............................................. FL 116,848 25,979 20,703 52,235 — 6,563 — 10,850 — 518

Florida Memorial College .......................................... FL 14,582 7,571 1,687 1,179 36 1,295 64 2,403 — 347

Albany State College ................................................. GA 25,844 5,305 2,784 12,548 21 165 — 4,710 — 312

Clark Atlanta University ............................................. GA 106,843 36,472 51,533 1,101 — 11,266 673 5,421 — 377

Fort Valley State College .......................................... GA 30,918 4,753 7,588 13,622 — 373 40 4,205 — 338

Interdenominational Theological Center ................... GA 6,164 1,490 76 — — 3,936 491 133 — 39

Morehouse College ................................................... GA 47,217 23,444 6,931 — — 4,992 2,248 8,732 — 870

Morehouse School of Medicine ................................. GA 49,873 2,413 20,131 17,956 939 5,206 — — — 3,228

Morris Brown College 3 .............................................. GA 36,506 19,109 6,621 — — 2,266 47 6,832 — 1,632

Paine College ............................................................ GA 10,769 4,077 2,166 — — 2,454 407 1,485 — 179

Savannah State College ........................................... GA 25,864 5,360 2,670 12,539 — 347 5 4,700 — 243

Spelman College ....................................................... GA 35,371 14,330 4,206 65 — 5,048 3,923 7,203 — 595

Kentucky State University ......................................... KY 35,330 5,044 7,510 18,650 — — — 3,344 — 781

Dillard University ....................................................... LA 20,273 9,985 3,424 252 — 2,434 1,032 2,351 — 796

Grambling State University ....................................... LA 58,005 18,960 4,741 17,799 956 307 — 14,431 — 812

Southern University and A&M College,

Baton Rouge .......................................................... LA 84,383 18,549 11,649 36,491 70 2,081 — 11,514 — 4,029

Southern University, New Orleans ............................ LA 20,799 6,233 2,602 9,424 53 336 — 1,327 — 824

Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier

City Campus .......................................................... LA 7,314 1,000 1,795 4,018 — 100 — 299 — 101

Xavier University of Louisiana ................................... LA 44,263 22,588 9,776 1,069 — 5,267 505 4,665 — 393

Bowie State University .............................................. MD 33,259 10,455 3,041 14,879 — 278 — 4,324 — 281

Coppin State College ................................................ MD 23,750 5,788 2,844 12,223 — 92 — 2,538 — 265

Morgan State University ............................................ MD 71,289 15,821 9,616 31,663 8 196 — 13,390 — 595

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore ..................... MD 37,222 7,693 5,139 16,759 — 613 4 5,565 — 1,449

Lewis College of Business ........................................ MI 1,999 1,044 426 415 — 27 — 34 — 54

Alcorn State University .............................................. MS 33,010 6,201 8,216 11,169 — 621 13 4,858 — 1,932

Coahoma Community College .................................. MS 7,333 924 2,029 2,821 597 — — 712 — 251

Hinds Community College, Utica Campus ................ MS ——————————

Jackson State University ........................................... MS 68,186 17,495 14,208 21,099 24 2,065 — 9,664 — 3,632

Mary Holmes College 3 .............................................. MS 4,043 1,549 836 11 — 728 13 887 — 19

Mississippi Valley State University ............................ MS 23,433 5,544 4,614 7,146 — — — 4,234 — 1,896

Rust College .............................................................. MS 12,639 4,680 2,929 37 — 2,473 394 1,979 — 148

Tougaloo College ...................................................... MS 13,909 5,647 3,516 32 — 2,275 315 2,030 — 93

Harris-Stowe State College ....................................... MO 9,656 2,173 2,086 5,139 6 151 — — — 101

Lincoln University ...................................................... MO 27,902 6,666 6,960 10,759 73 237 — 1,907 — 1,299

Barber-Scotia College ............................................... NC 7,600 3,146 835 661 30 1,266 19 1,589 — 54

Bennett College ......................................................... NC 11,634 4,048 2,094 311 — 2,392 551 1,705 — 532

Elizabeth City State University .................................. NC 28,495 2,789 2,947 16,573 — 235 19 5,080 — 852

Fayetteville State University ...................................... NC 36,620 5,203 3,627 21,103 — 355 39 5,404 — 888

Johnson C Smith University ...................................... NC 19,784 7,962 2,583 449 — 4,494 398 3,584 — 315

Livingstone College ................................................... NC 10,051 3,429 1,280 528 — 3,149 79 1,552 — 33
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE 81

Table 48.—Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and universities, by institution and source of funds:

1993–94 1—Continued

[In thousands of dollars]

Institution State Total

Tuition

and

fees

Federal

appropriations,

grants,

and contracts

State

appropriations,

grants,

and contracts

Local

appropriations,

grants,

and contracts

Private

gifts,

grants,

and contracts

Endowment incomeAuxiliary

enterprisesHospitals

Educational

activities

and other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical

State University ...................................................... NC 98,671 14,484 18,183 45,364 81 2,121 57 14,838 — 3,541

North Carolina Central University ............................. NC 57,443 9,150 4,691 31,908 — 482 48 9,965 — 1,200

St. Augustine’s College ............................................. NC 21,965 9,184 2,658 1,394 — 2,058 659 5,551 — 460

Shaw University ......................................................... NC 25,336 14,571 2,731 2,385 — 2,538 — 2,692 — 419

Winston-Salem State University ................................ NC 32,435 3,056 5,260 17,620 — 697 347 5,000 — 455

Central State University ............................................ OH 39,132 11,526 4,853 14,112 449 — 60 7,591 — 541

Wilberforce University ............................................... OH 13,330 6,027 2,554 — — 2,030 144 2,511 — 66

Langston University ................................................... OK 22,759 3,971 6,273 7,825 132 217 54 3,911 — 378

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ......................... PA 25,266 5,779 1,444 14,164 — 308 — 2,911 — 661

Lincoln University ...................................................... PA 25,784 6,635 3,834 10,567 — 303 273 3,863 — 311

Allen University .......................................................... SC 4,181 1,190 768 — — 1,230 — 841 — 152

Benedict College ....................................................... SC 16,954 7,288 4,343 — — 1,240 681 2,776 — 627

Claflin College ........................................................... SC 10,353 4,359 2,050 — — 1,608 184 2,009 — 143

Denmark Technical College ...................................... SC 5,352 538 716 3,101 13 — — 966 — 19

Morris College ........................................................... SC 10,724 4,501 1,933 921 — 1,226 18 2,012 — 113

South Carolina State University ................................ SC 49,811 10,351 8,395 19,774 — 85 11 10,844 — 351

Voorhees College ...................................................... SC 8,428 3,144 2,029 — — 1,352 207 1,497 — 198

Fisk University ........................................................... TN 13,317 5,219 1,556 — — 3,844 215 2,140 — 343

Knoxville College 3 ..................................................... TN 7,542 3,345 1,460 — — 1,295 — 1,351 — 91

Lane College ............................................................. TN 8,553 3,374 2,278 36 — 1,184 76 1,605 — —

Le Moyne-Owen College ........................................... TN 12,810 7,140 2,331 625 — 2,107 246 363 — —

Meharry Medical College .......................................... TN 98,356 9,048 30,790 3,308 — 12,531 1,783 — 35,810 5,086

Tennessee State University ...................................... TN 70,051 15,431 15,210 29,533 20 848 — 5,861 — 3,146

Huston-Tillotson College ........................................... TX 7,852 2,611 1,461 — — 2,461 227 863 — 229

Jarvis Christian College ............................................ TX 7,242 1,867 2,544 386 — 890 266 1,142 — 149

Paul Quinn College ................................................... TX 9,102 2,094 1,217 104 — 2,304 3 612 — 2,768

Prairie View A&M University ..................................... TX 62,197 11,011 14,259 21,621 504 1,479 337 11,511 — 1,474

St. Philip’s College .................................................... TX 26,907 4,924 2,585 12,993 6,041 10 1 330 — 23

Southwestern Christian College ................................ TX 3,188 736 519 61 — 1,340 — 351 — 181

Texas College ........................................................... TX 5,208 1,678 903 — — 1,961 54 589 — 23

Texas Southern University ........................................ TX 80,598 16,888 10,674 43,472 959 1,169 — 3,744 — 3,692

Wiley College ............................................................ TX 6,367 2,038 1,621 62 — 1,570 — 872 — 204

Hampton University ................................................... VA 74,854 36,304 12,919 — — 8,761 2,536 11,852 — 2,481

Norfolk State University ............................................. VA 65,148 20,773 5,339 22,519 82 145 — 15,332 — 959

St. Paul’s College ...................................................... VA 9,290 3,568 1,411 643 — 1,749 101 1,708 — 110

Virginia State University ............................................ VA 46,504 12,214 8,412 13,222 420 68 — 11,745 — 422

Virginia Union University ........................................... VA 18,647 10,000 2,349 912 — 2,280 389 2,426 — 291

Bluefield State College .............................................. WV 12,740 3,441 1,326 6,656 114 373 — 638 — 193

West Virginia State College ...................................... WV 22,734 7,097 329 11,087 — — — 2,881 — 1,340

University of the Virgin Islands,

St. Thomas Campus .............................................. VI 33,542 3,672 3,861 17,087 3,518 2,080 202 2,844 — 277

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Preliminary data.

2 Carver State Technical College merged with Bishop State Community College in

1993.

3 NCES estimates.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance FY94’’ survey. (This

table was prepared April 1996.)
82 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE

Table 49.—Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Source 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 234567

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $984,241 $1,066,410 $1,221,301 $1,382,583 $1,488,851 $1,567,251

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 177,383 191,202 201,691 219,901 245,303 271,296

Federal government .............................................................................. 298,416 314,865 334,043 399,471 411,887 393,283

Appropriations .................................................................................... 99,785 112,623 125,247 143,210 151,680 146,855

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 10,417 9,272 9,670 17,135 16,225 15,247

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 188,214 192,970 199,126 239,126 243,983 231,181

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... ——————

State governments ................................................................................ 243,741 287,110 321,462 361,411 392,424 428,624

Appropriations .................................................................................... 233,302 269,163 302,333 343,692 372,906 415,651

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 2,455 2,543 1,455 879 2,311 2,125

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 7,984 15,403 17,674 16,840 17,207 10,848

Local governments ................................................................................ 12,729 10,630 63,074 65,963 64,183 67,711

Appropriations .................................................................................... 9,908 8,974 54,821 55,786 61,502 63,508

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 118 33 6,747 7,721 48 1,591

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 2,703 1,623 1,506 2,457 2,633 2,611

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 55,639 56,701 58,651 62,762 68,369 78,516

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 29,565 30,264 35,063 37,462 40,744 44,209

Restricted ........................................................................................... 26,074 26,437 23,588 25,300 27,625 34,307

Endowment income ............................................................................... 9,568 9,938 12,845 14,317 17,304 20,839

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 7,680 8,106 10,634 10,443 13,579 16,417

Restricted ........................................................................................... 1,888 1,832 2,211 3,874 3,725 4,422

Sales and services ................................................................................ 172,652 179,856 205,773 233,363 253,123 266,313

Educational activities ......................................................................... 6,588 6,644 7,192 8,618 8,103 11,579

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 125,355 133,897 142,569 156,613 176,142 177,247

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 40,708 39,315 56,012 68,131 68,878 77,488

Other sources ........................................................................................ 14,113 16,108 23,761 25,395 36,257 40,668

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 18.0 17.9 16.5 15.9 16.5 17.3

Federal government .............................................................................. 30.3 29.5 27.4 28.9 27.7 25.1

Appropriations .................................................................................... 10.1 10.6 10.3 10.4 10.2 9.4

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 19.1 18.1 16.3 17.3 16.4 14.8

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... ——————

State governments ................................................................................ 24.8 26.9 26.3 26.1 26.4 27.3

Appropriations .................................................................................... 23.7 25.2 24.8 24.9 25.0 26.5

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7

Local governments ................................................................................ 1.3 1.0 5.2 4.8 4.3 4.3

Appropriations .................................................................................... 1.0 0.8 4.5 4.0 4.1 4.1

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... (5) (5) 0.6 0.6 (5) 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 5.7 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.6 5.0

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8

Restricted ........................................................................................... 2.6 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.2

Endowment income ............................................................................... 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Sales and services ................................................................................ 17.5 16.9 16.8 16.9 17.0 17.0

Educational activities ......................................................................... 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 12.7 12.6 11.7 11.3 11.8 11.3

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 4.1 3.7 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.9

Other sources ........................................................................................ 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.6
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE 83

Table 49.—Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1982–83 1 1983–84 1 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88

1 8 9 10 11 12 13

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $1,675,859 $1,829,959 $1,946,310 $2,035,103 $2,120,199 $2,263,263

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 295,286 328,279 344,644 372,817 429,498 456,227

Federal government .............................................................................. 382,845 407,402 416,457 414,334 406,779 435,540

Appropriations .................................................................................... 164,679 164,250 172,816 162,611 162,084 172,206

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 13,229 17,579 15,106 17,861 21,131 18,595

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 204,938 225,572 227,415 232,946 222,610 243,824

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... — — 1,119 916 953 915

State governments ................................................................................ 455,809 509,172 572,719 600,586 619,092 663,192

Appropriations .................................................................................... 432,891 482,410 544,051 573,603 591,727 632,350

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 4,679 6,826 8,037 5,003 5,761 2,640

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 18,239 19,936 20,631 21,980 21,603 28,202

Local governments ................................................................................ 76,845 77,199 86,385 90,969 83,845 87,883

Appropriations .................................................................................... 71,858 74,223 81,065 85,276 77,100 79,645

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 1,454 1,285 1,970 2,414 473 3,967

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 3,532 1,691 3,350 3,279 6,272 4,271

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 91,296 92,114 96,339 95,844 109,125 111,161

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 54,118 52,415 55,064 53,071 61,378 63,701

Restricted ........................................................................................... 37,177 39,700 41,275 42,773 47,747 47,461

Endowment income ............................................................................... 21,179 20,898 21,755 22,933 25,910 24,084

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 16,241 15,843 16,484 17,362 19,691 18,713

Restricted ........................................................................................... 4,938 5,055 5,271 5,571 6,219 5,371

Sales and services ................................................................................ 315,961 349,980 353,564 390,029 402,643 442,977

Educational activities ......................................................................... 13,703 16,868 15,221 22,469 19,257 17,550

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 205,224 216,199 219,996 234,841 225,567 246,422

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 97,034 116,912 118,348 132,720 157,819 179,005

Other sources ........................................................................................ 36,638 44,916 54,446 47,590 43,308 42,199

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 17.6 17.9 17.7 18.3 20.3 20.2

Federal government .............................................................................. 22.8 22.3 21.4 20.4 19.2 19.2

Appropriations .................................................................................... 9.8 9.0 8.9 8.0 7.6 7.6

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 12.2 12.3 11.7 11.4 10.5 10.8

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... — — 0.1 (5) (5) (5)

State governments ................................................................................ 27.2 27.8 29.4 29.5 29.2 29.3

Appropriations .................................................................................... 25.8 26.4 28.0 28.2 27.9 27.9

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

Local governments ................................................................................ 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.0 3.9

Appropriations .................................................................................... 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.5

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (5) 0.2

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.9

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.8

Restricted ........................................................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1

Endowment income ............................................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Sales and services ................................................................................ 18.9 19.1 18.2 19.2 19.0 19.6

Educational activities ......................................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 12.2 11.8 11.3 11.5 10.6 10.9

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 5.8 6.4 6.1 6.5 7.4 7.9

Other sources ........................................................................................ 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.9
84 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE

Table 49.—Current-fund revenue of historically black colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 2

1 14 15 16 17 18 19

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $2,521,902 $2,711,753 $2,825,987 $3,000,312 $3,258,171 $3,496,796

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 502,689 571,413 634,482 716,575 796,725 862,615

Federal government .............................................................................. 492,231 549,961 563,009 632,468 658,749 719,926

Appropriations .................................................................................... 187,215 202,333 186,529 189,791 177,101 180,362

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 20,712 24,111 26,305 28,982 31,568 35,000

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 283,421 322,831 349,528 407,602 448,854 504,125

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... 883 687 647 6,092 1,227 439

State governments ................................................................................ 720,709 745,683 773,479 754,710 786,358 840,144

Appropriations .................................................................................... 680,341 699,781 726,680 705,521 735,918 772,932

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 2,402 2,861 2,645 3,118 2,492 7,432

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 37,966 43,041 44,154 46,072 47,948 59,780

Local governments ................................................................................ 98,255 95,637 92,710 94,730 93,509 90,103

Appropriations .................................................................................... 89,757 85,418 82,859 80,168 77,505 73,029

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 3,787 4,222 2,358 2,348 2,828 2,702

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 4,711 5,997 7,493 12,214 13,177 14,373

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 128,413 133,706 153,317 163,449 168,781 189,157

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 70,235 72,050 74,787 73,570 78,243 80,943

Restricted ........................................................................................... 58,178 61,656 78,530 89,879 90,538 108,214

Endowment income ............................................................................... 27,505 31,057 29,124 29,877 30,045 28,709

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 22,082 23,621 22,118 22,933 22,221 18,237

Restricted ........................................................................................... 5,423 7,436 7,007 6,944 7,823 10,471

Sales and services ................................................................................ 496,400 533,655 523,110 544,445 664,603 696,758

Educational activities ......................................................................... 17,563 17,763 17,449 17,101 46,633 48,237

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 281,428 305,581 329,276 347,973 371,273 390,786

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 197,409 210,311 176,385 179,371 246,698 257,734

Other sources ........................................................................................ 55,700 50,641 56,755 64,057 59,401 69,385

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 19.9 21.1 22.5 23.9 24.5 24.7

Federal government .............................................................................. 19.5 20.3 19.9 21.1 20.2 20.6

Appropriations .................................................................................... 7.4 7.5 6.6 6.3 5.4 5.2

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 11.2 11.9 12.4 13.6 13.8 14.4

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... (5) (5) (5) 0.2 (5) (5)

State governments ................................................................................ 28.6 27.5 27.4 25.2 24.1 24.0

Appropriations .................................................................................... 27.0 25.8 25.7 23.5 22.6 22.1

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7

Local governments ................................................................................ 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.6

Appropriations .................................................................................... 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.1

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.4

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3

Restricted ........................................................................................... 2.3 2.3 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.1

Endowment income ............................................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Sales and services ................................................................................ 19.7 19.7 18.5 18.1 20.4 19.9

Educational activities ......................................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 11.2 11.3 11.7 11.6 11.4 11.2

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 7.8 7.8 6.2 6.0 7.6 7.4

Other sources ........................................................................................ 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.0

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3Excludes Pell Grants. Federally supported student aid that is received through students is included under tuition and auxiliary enterprises.

4Generally includes only those revenues associated with major federally-funded research and development centers (FFRDC).

5 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’ surveys. (This table was prepared April 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE 85

Table 50.—Current-fund revenue of historically black public colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Source 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 234567

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $528,800 $592,054 $689,535 $780,401 $833,070 $880,620

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 73,882 81,420 81,791 88,587 98,731 109,240

Federal government .............................................................................. 108,527 118,282 123,171 153,488 149,186 137,394

Appropriations .................................................................................... 6,960 12,614 11,241 13,309 10,820 5,935

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 3,588 2,157 2,410 5,095 5,226 3,854

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 97,978 103,510 109,520 135,084 133,140 127,606

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... ——————

State governments ................................................................................ 238,144 279,966 311,484 351,742 383,336 420,465

Appropriations .................................................................................... 231,404 266,491 299,455 340,521 370,235 413,239

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 1,520 1,933 302 112 568 457

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 5,219 11,542 11,727 11,109 12,533 6,769

Local governments ................................................................................ 11,965 9,791 62,500 64,352 63,016 66,814

Appropriations .................................................................................... 9,908 8,974 54,821 55,786 61,502 63,508

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 92 28 6,706 7,454 21 1,550

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1,965 789 973 1,112 1,493 1,756

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 6,561 6,435 7,755 7,351 8,082 7,767

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 624 898 825 832 1,216 1,160

Restricted ........................................................................................... 5,938 5,537 6,929 6,519 6,865 6,608

Endowment income ............................................................................... 458 491 1,154 1,256 1,466 1,703

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 332 332 950 369 1,165 1,307

Restricted ........................................................................................... 126 158 204 886 301 396

Sales and services ................................................................................ 80,918 84,805 89,696 98,244 108,209 110,407

Educational activities ......................................................................... 4,099 3,466 3,174 3,516 4,773 3,685

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 76,818 81,196 86,522 94,728 103,437 106,722

Hospitals ............................................................................................ — 143 ————

Other sources ........................................................................................ 8,346 10,864 11,984 15,381 21,045 26,829

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 14.0 13.8 11.9 11.4 11.9 12.4

Federal government .............................................................................. 20.5 20.0 17.9 19.7 17.9 15.6

Appropriations .................................................................................... 1.3 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.3 0.7

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.4

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 18.5 17.5 15.9 17.3 16.0 14.5

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... ——————

State governments ................................................................................ 45.0 47.3 45.2 45.1 46.0 47.7

Appropriations .................................................................................... 43.8 45.0 43.4 43.6 44.4 46.9

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 (5) (5) 0.1 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.8

Local governments ................................................................................ 2.3 1.7 9.1 8.2 7.6 7.6

Appropriations .................................................................................... 1.9 1.5 8.0 7.1 7.4 7.2

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... (5) (5) 1.0 1.0 (5) 0.2

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Restricted ........................................................................................... 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Endowment income ............................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 (5) 0.1 0.1

Restricted ........................................................................................... (5) (5) (5) 0.1 (5) (5)

Sales and services ................................................................................ 15.3 14.3 13.0 12.6 13.0 12.5

Educational activities ......................................................................... 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 14.5 13.7 12.5 12.1 12.4 12.1

Hospitals ............................................................................................ — (5)————

Other sources ........................................................................................ 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.0
86 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE

Table 50.—Current-fund revenue of historically black public colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1982–83 1 1983–84 1 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1 1987–88

1 8 9 10 11 12 13

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $936,503 $1,020,209 $1,098,419 $1,181,920 $1,210,964 $1,296,330

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 118,572 134,980 138,344 159,422 193,631 206,175

Federal government .............................................................................. 135,371 143,100 142,821 145,295 144,822 163,203

Appropriations .................................................................................... 12,762 6,344 8,602 6,254 12,212 21,169

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 3,591 4,396 4,188 4,774 5,537 6,658

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 119,018 132,360 130,032 134,267 127,073 135,216

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... ——————

State governments ................................................................................ 441,836 491,204 554,745 583,399 600,265 642,697

Appropriations .................................................................................... 430,491 479,827 541,430 567,463 585,650 623,046

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 532 678 1,295 3,150 2,368 2,096

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 10,813 10,699 12,020 12,786 12,247 17,554

Local governments ................................................................................ 74,737 76,751 85,676 89,545 81,901 84,579

Appropriations .................................................................................... 71,858 74,223 81,065 85,276 77,100 79,645

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 1,254 1,285 1,841 2,077 116 2,834

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1,624 1,243 2,769 2,193 4,685 2,100

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 9,814 9,148 10,812 10,738 13,574 11,597

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 1,646 1,292 1,409 1,632 1,566 1,520

Restricted ........................................................................................... 8,167 7,856 9,402 9,106 12,008 10,078

Endowment income ............................................................................... 2,098 1,509 1,802 1,734 2,761 2,541

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 1,114 1,144 1,193 1,166 1,785 1,854

Restricted ........................................................................................... 984 365 609 568 976 686

Sales and services ................................................................................ 133,410 143,302 143,699 161,974 148,657 162,262

Educational activities ......................................................................... 4,608 6,985 6,131 8,443 6,373 5,613

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 128,801 135,920 137,568 153,531 142,096 156,649

Hospitals ............................................................................................ — 397 — — 188 —

Other sources ........................................................................................ 20,667 20,215 20,522 29,813 25,353 23,276

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 12.7 13.2 12.6 13.5 16.0 15.9

Federal government .............................................................................. 14.5 14.0 13.0 12.3 12.0 12.6

Appropriations .................................................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.6

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 12.7 13.0 11.8 11.4 10.5 10.4

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... ——————

State governments ................................................................................ 47.2 48.1 50.5 49.4 49.6 49.6

Appropriations .................................................................................... 46.0 47.0 49.3 48.0 48.4 48.1

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4

Local governments ................................................................................ 8.0 7.5 7.8 7.6 6.8 6.5

Appropriations .................................................................................... 7.7 7.3 7.4 7.2 6.4 6.1

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 (5) 0.2

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8

Endowment income ............................................................................... 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.1 (5) 0.1 (5) 0.1 0.1

Sales and services ................................................................................ 14.2 14.0 13.1 13.7 12.3 12.5

Educational activities ......................................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 13.8 13.3 12.5 13.0 11.7 12.1

Hospitals ............................................................................................ — (5)——(5) —

Other sources ........................................................................................ 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.8
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE 87

Table 50.—Current-fund revenue of historically black public colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 2

1 14 15 16 17 18 19

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $1,428,578 $1,503,499 $1,605,172 $1,678,556 $1,777,731 $1,905,439

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 218,289 250,184 277,905 323,609 366,844 399,511

Federal government .............................................................................. 180,546 190,343 219,104 247,033 255,486 287,865

Appropriations .................................................................................... 19,838 20,689 21,603 17,332 15,981 20,634

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 6,868 8,088 9,927 10,199 10,449 12,776

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 153,635 161,457 187,494 219,375 229,057 254,456

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... — 108 79 128 — —

State governments ................................................................................ 695,417 718,663 744,938 723,590 752,351 794,528

Appropriations .................................................................................... 668,964 691,111 715,659 694,512 722,396 761,451

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 1,906 1,142 1,534 1,762 1,390 2,025

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 24,547 26,410 27,745 27,316 28,565 31,051

Local governments ................................................................................ 93,843 92,582 91,060 91,372 92,406 88,187

Appropriations .................................................................................... 88,495 85,027 82,459 79,724 77,505 73,029

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 3,089 3,870 1,882 1,929 2,439 2,347

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 2,259 3,685 6,719 9,719 12,462 12,811

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 13,610 17,780 22,000 26,482 28,965 29,018

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 1,629 1,598 2,085 2,506 3,190 3,239

Restricted ........................................................................................... 11,981 16,182 19,915 23,976 25,775 25,779

Endowment income ............................................................................... 2,126 2,046 2,281 2,708 2,462 2,813

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 1,694 1,109 1,266 1,925 1,817 1,784

Restricted ........................................................................................... 432 937 1,015 783 645 1,029

Sales and services ................................................................................ 188,042 202,601 215,666 227,261 244,823 261,353

Educational activities ......................................................................... 4,429 4,372 5,753 5,591 7,627 9,238

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 183,613 198,230 209,913 221,670 237,196 252,114

Hospitals ............................................................................................ ——————

Other sources ........................................................................................ 36,704 29,298 32,218 36,501 34,394 42,164

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 15.3 16.6 17.3 19.3 20.6 21.0

Federal government .............................................................................. 12.6 12.7 13.6 14.7 14.4 15.1

Appropriations .................................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

Restricted grants and contracts 3 ...................................................... 10.8 10.7 11.7 13.1 12.9 13.4

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ................................................... — (5) (5) (5)——

State governments ................................................................................ 48.7 47.8 46.4 43.1 42.3 41.7

Appropriations .................................................................................... 46.8 46.0 44.6 41.4 40.6 40.0

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Local governments ................................................................................ 6.6 6.2 5.7 5.4 5.2 4.6

Appropriations .................................................................................... 6.2 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.4 3.8

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4

Endowment income ............................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Restricted ........................................................................................... (5) 0.1 0.1 (5) (5) 0.1

Sales and services ................................................................................ 13.2 13.5 13.4 13.5 13.8 13.7

Educational activities ......................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 12.9 13.2 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.2

Hospitals ............................................................................................ ——————

Other sources ........................................................................................ 2.6 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.2

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3Excludes Pell Grants. Federally supported student aid that is received through students is included under tuition and auxiliary enterprises.

4Generally includes only those revenues associated with major federally-funded research and development centers (FFRDC).

5 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’surveys. (This table was prepared

April 1996.)
88 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE

Table 51.—Current-fund revenue of historically black private colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Source 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 234567

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $455,440 $474,356 $531,766 $602,183 $655,780 $686,631

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 103,502 109,782 119,900 131,314 146,573 162,056

Federal government .............................................................................. 189,889 196,583 210,872 245,983 262,702 255,889

Appropriations .................................................................................... 92,824 100,009 114,007 129,901 140,860 140,920

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 6,829 7,115 7,260 12,039 10,999 11,393

Restricted grants and contracts 2 ...................................................... 90,236 89,459 89,606 104,043 110,843 103,576

Independent operations (FFRDC) 3 ................................................... ——————

State governments ................................................................................ 5,597 7,143 9,978 9,669 9,088 8,159

Appropriations .................................................................................... 1,897 2,672 2,878 3,171 2,671 2,412

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 934 610 1,153 768 1,743 1,668

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 2,766 3,861 5,947 5,730 4,674 4,079

Local governments ................................................................................ 764 839 574 1,612 1,167 897

Appropriations .................................................................................... ——————

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 25 4 41 267 26 41

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 738 835 533 1,345 1,141 856

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 49,077 50,266 50,896 55,411 60,288 70,748

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 28,941 29,365 34,238 36,630 39,528 43,049

Restricted ........................................................................................... 20,136 20,901 16,659 18,781 20,760 27,699

Endowment income ............................................................................... 9,110 9,448 11,691 13,062 15,837 19,136

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 7,348 7,774 9,684 10,074 12,414 15,110

Restricted ........................................................................................... 1,762 1,674 2,007 2,988 3,424 4,026

Sales and services ................................................................................ 91,734 95,050 116,077 135,119 144,914 155,907

Educational activities ......................................................................... 2,489 3,178 4,018 5,102 3,330 7,894

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 48,536 52,701 56,047 61,885 72,706 70,525

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 40,708 39,171 56,012 68,131 68,878 77,488

Other sources ........................................................................................ 5,767 5,245 11,777 10,014 15,212 13,839

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 22.7 23.1 22.5 21.8 22.4 23.6

Federal government .............................................................................. 41.7 41.4 39.7 40.8 40.1 37.3

Appropriations .................................................................................... 20.4 21.1 21.4 21.6 21.5 20.5

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.7

Restricted grants and contracts 2 ...................................................... 19.8 18.9 16.9 17.3 16.9 15.1

Independent operations (FFRDC) 3 ................................................... ——————

State governments ................................................................................ 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2

Appropriations .................................................................................... 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.6

Local governments ................................................................................ 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1

Appropriations .................................................................................... ——————

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 10.8 10.6 9.6 9.2 9.2 10.3

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 6.4 6.2 6.4 6.1 6.0 6.3

Restricted ........................................................................................... 4.4 4.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 4.0

Endowment income ............................................................................... 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.8

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.2

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6

Sales and services ................................................................................ 20.1 20.0 21.8 22.4 22.1 22.7

Educational activities ......................................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.1

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 10.7 11.1 10.5 10.3 11.1 10.3

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 8.9 8.3 10.5 11.3 10.5 11.3

Other sources ........................................................................................ 1.3 1.1 2.2 1.7 2.3 2.0
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE 89

Table 51.—Current-fund revenue of historically black private colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88

1 8 9 10 11 12 13

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $739,355 $809,750 $847,891 $853,183 $909,233 $966,933

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 176,713 193,299 206,301 213,395 235,867 250,052

Federal government .............................................................................. 247,475 264,302 273,636 269,039 261,955 272,337

Appropriations .................................................................................... 151,917 157,906 164,215 156,357 149,872 151,037

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 9,638 13,183 10,919 13,087 15,594 11,937

Restricted grants and contracts 2 ...................................................... 85,920 93,212 97,384 98,679 95,537 108,607

Independent operations (FFRDC) 3 ................................................... — — 1,119 916 951 755

State governments ................................................................................ 13,973 17,968 17,974 17,187 18,826 20,495

Appropriations .................................................................................... 2,400 2,583 2,621 6,140 6,077 9,304

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 4,147 6,148 6,742 1,853 3,393 543

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 7,426 9,237 8,611 9,194 9,356 10,648

Local governments ................................................................................ 2,108 448 709 1,424 1,944 3,304

Appropriations .................................................................................... ——————

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 200 — 128 338 357 1,134

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1,907 448 581 1,086 1,587 2,170

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 81,482 82,966 85,528 85,106 95,551 99,564

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 52,472 51,123 53,655 51,439 59,811 62,181

Restricted ........................................................................................... 29,010 31,843 31,872 33,667 35,739 37,383

Endowment income ............................................................................... 19,082 19,389 19,954 21,199 23,149 21,543

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 15,127 14,699 15,292 16,196 17,906 16,859

Restricted ........................................................................................... 3,954 4,689 4,662 5,003 5,243 4,684

Sales and services ................................................................................ 182,552 206,678 209,865 228,056 253,986 280,715

Educational activities ......................................................................... 9,095 9,883 9,090 14,026 12,884 11,937

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 76,423 80,280 82,428 81,310 83,471 89,773

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 97,034 116,515 118,348 132,720 157,631 179,005

Other sources ........................................................................................ 15,971 24,701 33,925 17,777 17,955 18,923

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 23.9 23.9 24.3 25.0 25.9 25.9

Federal government .............................................................................. 33.5 32.6 32.3 31.5 28.8 28.2

Appropriations .................................................................................... 20.5 19.5 19.4 18.3 16.5 15.6

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.2

Restricted grants and contracts 2 ...................................................... 11.6 11.5 11.5 11.6 10.5 11.2

Independent operations (FFRDC) 3 ................................................... — — 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

State governments ................................................................................ 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1

Appropriations .................................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.0

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

Local governments ................................................................................ 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Appropriations .................................................................................... ——————

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... (4)—(4) (4) (4) 0.1

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 11.0 10.2 10.1 10.0 10.5 10.3

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 7.1 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.6 6.4

Restricted ........................................................................................... 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9

Endowment income ............................................................................... 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.2

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

Sales and services ................................................................................ 24.7 25.5 24.8 26.7 27.9 29.0

Educational activities ......................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.2

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 10.3 9.9 9.7 9.5 9.2 9.3

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 13.1 14.4 14.0 15.6 17.3 18.5

Other sources ........................................................................................ 2.2 3.1 4.0 2.1 2.0 2.0
90 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: REVENUE

Table 51.—Current-fund revenue of historically black private colleges and universities, by source:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1

1 14 15 16 17 18 19

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... $1,093,324 $1,208,254 $1,220,815 $1,321,756 $1,480,440 $1,591,357

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 284,400 321,228 356,577 392,966 429,881 463,105

Federal government .............................................................................. 311,684 359,618 343,905 385,434 403,263 432,060

Appropriations .................................................................................... 167,377 181,643 164,926 172,460 161,120 159,728

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 13,844 16,022 16,378 18,784 21,119 22,224

Restricted grants and contracts 2 ...................................................... 129,787 161,374 162,033 188,227 219,797 249,669

Independent operations (FFRDC) 3 ................................................... 676 579 568 5,964 1,227 439

State governments ................................................................................ 25,292 27,020 28,541 31,120 34,007 45,616

Appropriations .................................................................................... 11,377 8,670 11,021 11,009 13,522 11,481

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 497 1,719 1,111 1,356 1,102 5,406

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 13,419 16,631 16,410 18,755 19,383 28,729

Local governments ................................................................................ 4,412 3,055 1,650 3,358 1,103 1,916

Appropriations .................................................................................... 1,263 391 400 444 — —

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 698 352 476 419 389 354

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 2,452 2,312 774 2,495 714 1,562

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 114,803 115,926 131,317 136,967 139,816 160,138

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 68,606 70,451 72,703 71,064 75,053 77,704

Restricted ........................................................................................... 46,197 45,474 58,614 65,903 64,763 82,434

Endowment income ............................................................................... 25,379 29,011 26,844 27,169 27,582 25,896

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 20,388 22,512 20,852 21,008 20,404 16,454

Restricted ........................................................................................... 4,991 6,499 5,992 6,161 7,178 9,442

Sales and services ................................................................................ 308,358 331,054 307,444 317,185 419,780 435,405

Educational activities ......................................................................... 13,134 13,391 11,695 11,510 39,006 38,999

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 97,815 107,352 119,364 126,303 134,077 138,672

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 197,409 210,311 176,385 179,371 246,698 257,734

Other sources ........................................................................................ 18,995 21,343 24,537 27,557 25,007 27,220

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund revenue ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tuition and fees .................................................................................... 26.0 26.6 29.2 29.7 29.0 29.1

Federal government .............................................................................. 28.5 29.8 28.2 29.2 27.2 27.2

Appropriations .................................................................................... 15.3 15.0 13.5 13.0 10.9 10.0

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

Restricted grants and contracts 2 ...................................................... 11.9 13.4 13.3 14.2 14.8 15.7

Independent operations (FFRDC) 3 ................................................... 0.1 0.0 — 0.5 0.1 (4)

State governments ................................................................................ 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.9

Appropriations .................................................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... (4) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.8

Local governments ................................................................................ 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Appropriations .................................................................................... 0.1 (4) (4) (4)——

Unrestricted grants and contracts ..................................................... 0.1 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)

Restricted grants and contracts ........................................................ 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 (4) (4)

Private gifts, grants, and contracts ....................................................... 10.5 9.6 10.8 10.4 9.4 10.1

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 6.3 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.1 4.9

Restricted ........................................................................................... 4.2 3.8 4.8 5.0 4.4 5.2

Endowment income ............................................................................... 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6

Unrestricted ....................................................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.0

Restricted ........................................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

Sales and services ................................................................................ 28.2 27.4 25.2 24.0 28.4 27.4

Educational activities ......................................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 2.6 2.5

Auxiliary enterprises .......................................................................... 8.9 8.9 9.8 9.6 9.1 8.7

Hospitals ............................................................................................ 18.1 17.4 14.4 13.6 16.7 16.2

Other sources ........................................................................................ 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.7

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1Preliminary data.

2Excludes Pell Grants. Federally supported student aid that is received through students is included under tuition and auxiliary enterprises. 3Generally includes only those revenues associated with major federally-funded research and development centers (FFRDC). 4 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’surveys. (This table was prepared

April 1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES 91

Table 52.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Source 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 234567

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $972,907 $1,055,314 $1,208,258 $1,353,055 $1,483,835 $1,564,966

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 783,927 844,682 981,818 1,103,845 1,190,116 1,270,889

Instruction .......................................................................................... 302,782 328,163 379,298 411,852 446,664 481,448

Research ........................................................................................... 37,848 34,477 45,747 55,831 52,276 51,782

Public service .................................................................................... 30,586 26,739 30,623 44,316 49,437 62,158

Academic support .............................................................................. 66,122 73,523 85,355 92,219 94,666 108,176

Libraries ......................................................................................... 26,307 29,714 36,293 36,752 39,898 43,457

Student services ................................................................................ 51,888 62,231 74,454 76,602 84,824 96,372

Institutional support ........................................................................... 116,317 132,562 153,783 178,314 194,665 201,873

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 94,200 102,397 117,807 133,138 143,169 157,358

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 74,881 74,746 78,864 97,208 100,563 98,295

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 19,108 18,318 20,864 20,200 24,161 27,497

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 55,773 56,429 57,999 77,008 76,402 70,798

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 9,303 9,844 15,887 14,366 23,852 13,428

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 121,834 133,505 142,822 154,756 189,372 189,549

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 11,246 11,253 11,119 10,717 10,072 14,135

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 67,145 77,127 83,619 94,454 104,346 104,528

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 44 — 39———

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 80.6 80.0 81.3 81.6 80.2 81.2

Instruction .......................................................................................... 31.1 31.1 31.4 30.4 30.1 30.8

Research ........................................................................................... 3.9 3.3 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.3

Public service .................................................................................... 3.1 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.3 4.0

Academic support .............................................................................. 6.8 7.0 7.1 6.8 6.4 6.9

Libraries ......................................................................................... 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.8

Student services ................................................................................ 5.3 5.9 6.2 5.7 5.7 6.2

Institutional support ........................................................................... 12.0 12.6 12.7 13.2 13.1 12.9

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.6 10.1

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 7.7 7.1 6.5 7.2 6.8 6.3

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.8

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 5.7 5.3 4.8 5.7 5.1 4.5

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.9

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 12.5 12.7 11.8 11.4 12.8 12.1

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 6.9 7.3 6.9 7.0 7.0 6.7

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... (5)—(5)———
92 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES

Table 52.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1982–83 1 1983–84 1 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88

1 8 9 10 11 12 13

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $1,664,136 $1,795,999 $1,927,200 $2,005,072 $2,101,461 $2,222,412

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 1,340,274 1,449,502 1,545,897 1,618,900 1,709,592 1,812,838

Instruction .......................................................................................... 519,940 560,042 589,085 618,290 645,612 675,367

Research ........................................................................................... 54,715 62,362 76,454 85,282 94,719 103,661

Public service .................................................................................... 61,299 60,842 58,613 60,475 62,586 70,476

Academic support .............................................................................. 106,938 116,797 129,084 133,151 136,445 148,806

Libraries ......................................................................................... 45,993 49,793 54,739 54,876 46,395 55,663

Student services ................................................................................ 103,081 111,001 119,178 122,732 135,006 140,080

Institutional support ........................................................................... 219,179 247,542 268,058 271,587 303,275 312,112

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 168,777 181,034 191,822 200,994 203,229 214,353

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 89,716 93,675 97,579 111,051 112,360 125,688

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 30,208 34,363 36,257 46,764 48,522 54,666

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 59,508 59,312 61,322 64,287 63,837 71,022

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 16,629 16,207 16,026 15,338 16,361 22,294

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 200,369 211,760 232,514 235,935 227,436 233,986

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 12,808 12,666 13,932 16,210 15,358 9,211

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 123,494 134,736 148,789 150,237 164,433 174,441

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1,034 258 24 342 582 77

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ————— 1,147

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — — — — 132

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 80.5 80.7 80.2 80.7 81.4 81.6

Instruction .......................................................................................... 31.2 31.2 30.6 30.8 30.7 30.4

Research ........................................................................................... 3.3 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.7

Public service .................................................................................... 3.7 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2

Academic support .............................................................................. 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.7

Libraries ......................................................................................... 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.2 2.5

Student services ................................................................................ 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.3

Institutional support ........................................................................... 13.2 13.8 13.9 13.5 14.4 14.0

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 10.1 10.1 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.6

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.7

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.5

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.2

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 12.0 11.8 12.1 11.8 10.8 10.5

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.4

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.8

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.1 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5)

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... —————(5)

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... —————(5)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES 93

Table 52.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1988–89 1 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 2

1 14 15 16 17 18 19

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $2,427,762 $2,629,053 $2,784,249 $2,946,572 $3,184,303 $3,437,221

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 1,977,391 2,143,282 2,315,128 2,455,814 2,612,086 2,828,784

Instruction .......................................................................................... 738,231 788,596 841,920 899,551 936,141 1,015,304

Research ........................................................................................... 111,084 121,911 134,645 159,575 171,114 190,418

Public service .................................................................................... 77,801 88,475 98,932 107,228 151,118 173,956

Academic support .............................................................................. 159,249 182,551 196,803 205,590 211,334 234,117

Libraries ......................................................................................... 62,560 67,480 59,215 68,130 63,686 64,087

Student services ................................................................................ 146,595 156,228 170,659 182,472 192,748 208,666

Institutional support ........................................................................... 349,350 377,418 397,589 409,371 421,328 448,928

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 229,806 239,440 257,394 265,404 273,364 281,715

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 137,967 159,921 182,768 188,068 215,405 231,484

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 61,863 75,475 90,993 92,759 104,665 112,425

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 76,104 84,446 91,775 95,308 110,740 119,059

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 27,309 28,741 34,418 38,556 39,533 44,196

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 257,183 277,930 291,913 312,597 322,274 352,928

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 10,186 10,767 13,146 12,482 18,401 15,774

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 192,014 206,970 176,518 172,295 249,309 254,957

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — 52———

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... 1,174 870 690 5,866 633 553

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 146 161 ————

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 81.4 81.5 83.2 83.3 82.0 82.3

Instruction .......................................................................................... 30.4 30.0 30.2 30.5 29.4 29.5

Research ........................................................................................... 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.5

Public service .................................................................................... 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.7 5.1

Academic support .............................................................................. 6.6 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.8

Libraries ......................................................................................... 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.9

Student services ................................................................................ 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1

Institutional support ........................................................................... 14.4 14.4 14.3 13.9 13.2 13.1

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 9.5 9.1 9.2 9.0 8.6 8.2

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 5.7 6.1 6.6 6.4 6.8 6.7

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.3

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.5

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 10.6 10.6 10.5 10.6 10.1 10.3

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 7.9 7.9 6.3 5.8 7.8 7.4

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — (5)———

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... (5) (5) (5) 0.2 (5) (5)

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... (5) (5)————

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3Excludes Pell Grants.

4Generally includes only those expenditures associated with major federally-funded research and development centers (FFRDC). 5 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ surveys and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’surveys. (This table was prepared April

1996.)
94 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES

Table 53.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black public colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Source 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 234567

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $517,637 $576,337 $676,728 $752,577 $824,628 $871,253

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 445,213 494,462 587,496 654,485 715,680 756,348

Instruction .......................................................................................... 178,111 197,277 239,906 262,407 284,402 302,720

Research ........................................................................................... 19,940 22,827 33,493 38,815 35,880 35,068

Public service .................................................................................... 14,822 14,367 17,833 23,762 29,434 30,802

Academic support .............................................................................. 42,026 48,185 57,081 61,024 62,244 68,561

Libraries ......................................................................................... 17,187 19,171 25,250 23,794 24,859 27,265

Student services ................................................................................ 29,973 35,909 46,101 44,982 50,174 58,204

Institutional support ........................................................................... 64,505 70,904 78,857 89,571 106,591 113,096

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 59,927 66,522 74,207 86,330 92,975 99,898

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 32,654 32,752 31,855 41,808 39,939 42,655

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 6,651 7,067 7,300 6,699 8,070 11,404

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 26,004 25,685 24,555 35,109 31,869 31,250

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 3,253 5,719 8,164 5,785 14,042 5,344

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 72,424 81,722 89,232 98,093 108,947 114,905

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 6,655 7,001 7,262 6,836 9,638 7,759

Hospitals ................................................................................................ — 153 ————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 86.0 85.8 86.8 87.0 86.8 86.8

Instruction .......................................................................................... 34.4 34.2 35.5 34.9 34.5 34.7

Research ........................................................................................... 3.9 4.0 4.9 5.2 4.4 4.0

Public service .................................................................................... 2.9 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.6 3.5

Academic support .............................................................................. 8.1 8.4 8.4 8.1 7.5 7.9

Libraries ......................................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.1

Student services ................................................................................ 5.8 6.2 6.8 6.0 6.1 6.7

Institutional support ........................................................................... 12.5 12.3 11.7 11.9 12.9 13.0

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 11.6 11.5 11.0 11.5 11.3 11.5

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 6.3 5.7 4.7 5.6 4.8 4.9

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.3

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 5.0 4.5 3.6 4.7 3.9 3.6

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.7 0.6

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 14.0 14.2 13.2 13.0 13.2 13.2

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.9

Hospitals ................................................................................................ — (5)————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES 95

Table 53.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black public colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1982–83 1 1983–84 1 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88

1 8 9 10 11 12 13

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $917,813 $1,000,106 $1,087,676 $1,142,327 $1,194,970 $1,272,692

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 796,647 870,502 939,885 981,992 1,043,110 1,111,048

Instruction .......................................................................................... 331,906 356,608 380,496 400,323 420,347 442,765

Research ........................................................................................... 37,206 40,659 51,246 54,837 60,736 68,148

Public service .................................................................................... 29,079 32,725 34,977 33,246 34,042 39,820

Academic support .............................................................................. 66,618 74,359 83,772 87,931 92,099 100,425

Libraries ......................................................................................... 28,513 30,402 35,856 35,815 28,934 35,431

Student services ................................................................................ 62,788 67,571 71,886 76,233 83,601 86,876

Institutional support ........................................................................... 114,068 132,098 141,753 145,755 168,427 176,159

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 108,193 116,231 125,448 121,573 125,712 133,281

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 40,576 42,214 40,912 54,217 49,647 57,102

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 12,776 14,901 15,696 25,931 23,168 26,134

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 27,799 27,313 25,217 28,285 26,479 30,969

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 6,214 8,036 9,394 7,878 8,501 6,471

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 121,165 129,604 147,791 160,335 151,860 161,644

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 7,391 6,437 7,509 10,271 7,570 6,897

Hospitals ................................................................................................ ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 86.8 87.0 86.4 86.0 87.3 87.3

Instruction .......................................................................................... 36.2 35.7 35.0 35.0 35.2 34.8

Research ........................................................................................... 4.1 4.1 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.4

Public service .................................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.1

Academic support .............................................................................. 7.3 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.9

Libraries ......................................................................................... 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.1 2.4 2.8

Student services ................................................................................ 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.0 6.8

Institutional support ........................................................................... 12.4 13.2 13.0 12.8 14.1 13.8

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 11.8 11.6 11.5 10.6 10.5 10.5

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 4.4 4.2 3.8 4.7 4.2 4.5

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 1.4 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.9 2.1

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.4

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 13.2 13.0 13.6 14.0 12.7 12.7

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.5

Hospitals ................................................................................................ ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————
96 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES

Table 53.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black public colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1988–89 1 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 2

1 14 15 16 17 18 19

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $1,372,712 $1,459,263 $1,583,616 $1,646,229 $1,737,859 $1,885,046

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 1,197,327 1,270,476 1,385,041 1,435,993 1,518,390 1,638,582

Instruction .......................................................................................... 476,603 494,675 529,931 558,742 583,574 628,112

Research ........................................................................................... 67,180 73,807 78,399 89,722 97,552 109,782

Public service .................................................................................... 44,094 46,106 54,287 59,076 66,151 69,769

Academic support .............................................................................. 106,643 119,747 125,608 131,518 141,435 160,662

Libraries ......................................................................................... 40,286 43,402 40,897 42,690 44,681 47,350

Student services ................................................................................ 94,596 98,411 105,664 108,828 115,338 124,598

Institutional support ........................................................................... 196,802 209,964 226,560 225,120 234,849 248,927

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 141,149 141,469 156,750 159,422 165,059 172,781

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 60,708 74,104 91,974 88,122 100,118 103,985

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 29,076 36,608 46,854 45,048 50,745 52,487

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 31,632 37,496 45,120 43,073 49,372 51,498

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 9,551 12,193 15,869 15,443 14,315 19,966

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 175,385 188,786 198,575 210,236 219,469 246,464

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 7,690 7,011 9,173 7,710 14,909 12,565

Hospitals ................................................................................................ ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 87.2 87.1 87.5 87.2 87.4 86.9

Instruction .......................................................................................... 34.7 33.9 33.5 33.9 33.6 33.3

Research ........................................................................................... 4.9 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.8

Public service .................................................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.7

Academic support .............................................................................. 7.8 8.2 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.5

Libraries ......................................................................................... 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5

Student services ................................................................................ 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.6

Institutional support ........................................................................... 14.3 14.4 14.3 13.7 13.5 13.2

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 10.3 9.7 9.9 9.7 9.5 9.2

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 4.4 5.1 5.8 5.4 5.8 5.5

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 2.1 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.7

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 12.8 12.9 12.5 12.8 12.6 13.1

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.7

Hospitals ................................................................................................ ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3Excludes Pell Grants.

4Generally includes only those expenditures associated with major federally-funded research and development centers (FFRDC). 5 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ surveys and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’ surveys. (This table was prepared April

1996.)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES 97

Table 54.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black private colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94

Source 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 234567

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $455,270 $478,977 $531,530 $600,478 $659,207 $693,713

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 338,715 350,220 394,322 449,361 474,436 514,541

Instruction .......................................................................................... 124,671 130,886 139,392 149,446 162,263 178,727

Research ........................................................................................... 17,908 11,650 12,255 17,016 16,396 16,714

Public service .................................................................................... 15,764 12,372 12,790 20,553 20,003 31,355

Academic support .............................................................................. 24,096 25,337 28,274 31,195 32,422 39,616

Libraries ......................................................................................... 9,121 10,542 11,042 12,958 15,039 16,191

Student services ................................................................................ 21,915 26,322 28,354 31,620 34,649 38,168

Institutional support ........................................................................... 51,812 61,658 74,926 88,742 88,074 88,777

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 34,273 35,875 43,599 46,808 50,195 57,460

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 42,227 41,994 47,009 55,400 60,624 55,640

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 12,457 11,251 13,564 13,501 16,090 16,092

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 29,770 30,744 33,444 41,899 44,534 39,548

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 6,050 4,125 7,723 8,581 9,810 8,084

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 49,411 51,783 53,589 56,663 80,425 74,644

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 4,591 4,252 3,857 3,880 435 6,376

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 67,145 76,973 83,619 94,454 104,346 104,528

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 44 — 39———

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 74.4 73.1 74.2 74.8 72.0 74.2

Instruction .......................................................................................... 27.4 27.3 26.2 24.9 24.6 25.8

Research ........................................................................................... 3.9 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.4

Public service .................................................................................... 3.5 2.6 2.4 3.4 3.0 4.5

Academic support .............................................................................. 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.7

Libraries ......................................................................................... 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3

Student services ................................................................................ 4.8 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.5

Institutional support ........................................................................... 11.4 12.9 14.1 14.8 13.4 12.8

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 7.5 7.5 8.2 7.8 7.6 8.3

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 9.3 8.8 8.8 9.2 9.2 8.0

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.3

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 6.5 6.4 6.3 7.0 6.8 5.7

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.3 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.2

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 10.9 10.8 10.1 9.4 12.2 10.8

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.9

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 14.7 16.1 15.7 15.7 15.8 15.1

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... ——————

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... ——————

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... (5)—(5)———
98 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES

Table 54.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black private colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88

1 8 9 10 11 12 13

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $746,324 $795,893 $840,922 $863,734 $907,857 $949,720

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 543,626 579,001 606,012 636,907 666,482 701,790

Instruction .......................................................................................... 188,034 203,434 208,589 217,967 225,266 232,602

Research ........................................................................................... 17,509 21,703 25,208 30,446 33,984 35,513

Public service .................................................................................... 32,220 28,117 23,636 27,230 28,544 30,656

Academic support .............................................................................. 40,320 42,437 45,312 45,220 44,346 48,381

Libraries ......................................................................................... 17,480 19,391 18,884 19,061 17,461 20,233

Student services ................................................................................ 40,294 43,430 47,292 46,499 51,405 53,204

Institutional support ........................................................................... 105,111 115,444 126,305 125,831 134,848 135,954

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 60,584 64,803 66,374 79,421 77,517 81,072

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 49,140 51,461 56,666 56,834 62,713 68,586

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 17,432 19,462 20,561 20,832 25,355 28,533

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 31,709 31,999 36,105 36,002 37,358 40,054

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 10,415 8,172 6,632 7,460 7,860 15,823

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 79,203 82,156 84,722 75,600 75,576 72,342

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 5,416 6,229 6,423 5,939 7,788 2,315

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 123,494 134,736 148,789 150,237 164,433 174,441

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1,034 258 24 342 582 77

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... — — 1,399 989 1,366 1,147

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — — — — 132

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 72.8 72.7 72.1 73.7 73.4 73.9

Instruction .......................................................................................... 25.2 25.6 24.8 25.2 24.8 24.5

Research ........................................................................................... 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.7

Public service .................................................................................... 4.3 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2

Academic support .............................................................................. 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.1

Libraries ......................................................................................... 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.1

Student services ................................................................................ 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.6

Institutional support ........................................................................... 14.1 14.5 15.0 14.6 14.9 14.3

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 8.1 8.1 7.9 9.2 8.5 8.5

Scholarships and fellowships ................................................................ 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.2

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.0

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.7

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 10.6 10.3 10.1 8.8 8.3 7.6

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.2

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 16.5 16.9 17.7 17.4 18.1 18.4

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.1 (5) (5) (5) 0.1 (5)

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... — — 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... —————(5)
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES: EXPENDITURES 99

Table 54.—Current-fund expenditures of historically black private colleges and universities, by purpose:

1976–77 to 1993–94—Continued

Source 1988–89 1 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 2

1 14 15 16 17 18 19

In thousands of current dollars

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ $1,055,050 $1,169,790 $1,200,633 $1,300,343 $1,446,444 $1,552,175

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 780,064 872,806 930,087 1,019,821 1,093,697 1,190,201

Instruction .......................................................................................... 261,628 293,921 311,990 340,809 352,567 387,192

Research ........................................................................................... 43,903 48,103 56,246 69,853 73,562 80,636

Public service .................................................................................... 33,707 42,370 44,645 48,152 84,967 104,188

Academic support .............................................................................. 52,605 62,805 71,195 74,072 69,899 73,454

Libraries ......................................................................................... 22,275 24,079 18,318 25,441 19,005 16,737

Student services ................................................................................ 51,998 57,817 64,995 73,644 77,410 84,068

Institutional support ........................................................................... 152,548 167,454 171,029 184,251 186,480 200,001

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 88,657 97,971 100,644 105,981 108,305 108,933

Scholarships and fellowships ............................................................ 77,259 85,817 90,794 99,946 115,288 127,499

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 32,787 38,867 44,139 47,711 53,920 59,938

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 44,472 46,950 46,655 52,235 61,368 67,561

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 17,758 16,548 18,549 23,112 25,217 24,230

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 81,798 89,144 93,337 102,361 102,805 106,464

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 2,495 3,756 3,973 4,773 3,492 3,209

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 192,014 206,970 176,518 172,295 249,309 254,957

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — 52———

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... 1,174 870 690 5,866 633 553

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 146 161 ————

Percentage distribution

Total current-fund expenditures ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Educational and general expenditures ................................................. 73.9 74.6 77.5 78.4 75.6 76.7

Instruction .......................................................................................... 24.8 25.1 26.0 26.2 24.4 24.9

Research ........................................................................................... 4.2 4.1 4.7 5.4 5.1 5.2

Public service .................................................................................... 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.7 5.9 6.7

Academic support .............................................................................. 5.0 5.4 5.9 5.7 4.8 4.7

Libraries ......................................................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.1

Student services ................................................................................ 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.4

Institutional support ........................................................................... 14.5 14.3 14.2 14.2 12.9 12.9

Operation and maintenance of plant ................................................. 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.2 7.5 7.0

Scholarships and fellowships ............................................................ 7.3 7.3 7.6 7.7 8.0 8.2

From unrestricted funds ................................................................. 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9

From restricted funds 3 ................................................................... 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4

Mandatory transfers .............................................................................. 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6

Auxiliary enterprises .............................................................................. 7.8 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.1 6.9

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2

Hospitals ................................................................................................ 18.2 17.7 14.7 13.2 17.2 16.4

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... — — (5)———

Independent operations (FFRDC) 4 ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 (5) (5)

Mandatory transfers ........................................................................... (5) (5)————

—Data not reported or not applicable.

1 Revised from previously published data.

2Preliminary data.

3Excludes Pell Grants.

4Generally includes only those expenditures associated with major federally-funded research and development centers (FFRDC). 5 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education’’ surveys and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Finance’’ surveys. (This table was prepared April

1996.)

101

Guide to Sources

Sources and Comparability of Data

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data

System (IPEDS) surveys approximately 11,000 postsecondary institutions, including universities and colleges, as well as institutions offering technical and

vocational education beyond the high school level.

This survey, which began in 1986, replaced the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS).

IPEDS consists of eight integrated components

that obtain information on who provides postsecondary education (institutions), who participates in it and

completes it (students), what programs are offered

and what programs are completed, and both the

human and financial resources involved in the provision of institutionally based postsecondary education.

Specifically, these components include: Institutional

Characteristics, including instructional activity; Fall

Enrollment, including age and residence; Enrollment

in Occupationally Specific Programs; Completions;

Finance; Staff; Salaries of Full-Time Instructional

Faculty; and Academic Libraries. The HEGIS survey

system included the same survey components except it excluded the Enrollment in Occupationally

Specific Programs survey.

The higher education portion of this survey is a

census of accredited 2- and 4-year colleges. Prior to

1993, data from the technical and vocational institutions were collected through a sample survey. Beginning in 1993, all data are gathered in a census of all

postsecondary institutions. The tabulations from

IPEDS developed for this edition of the HBCU are

based on lists of all institutions and are not subject

to sampling errors.

Prior to the establishment of IPEDS in 1986,

HEGIS acquired and maintained statistical data on

the characteristics and operations of institutions of

higher education. Implemented in 1966, HEGIS was

an annual universe survey of institutions accredited

at the college level by an agency recognized by the

Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education.

These institutions were listed in NCES’s Education

Directory, Colleges and Universities.

The trend tables presented in this report draw on

HEGIS and IPEDS surveys which solicited information concerning institutional characteristics, faculty

salaries, finances, enrollment, and degrees. Since

these surveys were distributed to all higher education

institutions, the data presented are not subject to

sampling error. However, they are subject to

nonsampling error, the sources of which varied with

the survey instrument. Information concerning the

nonsampling error of the enrollment and degrees surveys draws extensively on the ‘‘HEGIS Post-Survey

Validation Study’’ conducted in 1979.

Further information on IPEDS may be obtained

from:

Roslyn A. Korb

Education Statistics Division

National Center for Education Statistics

555 New Jersey Avenue NW

Washington, DC 20208–5652

Institutional Characteristics

This survey provides the basis for the universe of

institutions presented in the Directory of Postsecondary Institutions. The universe comprises institutions

that met certain accreditation criteria and offered at

least a 1-year program of college-level studies leading toward a degree. All of these institutions were

certified as eligible by the U.S. Department of Education’s Division of Eligibility and Agency Evaluation.

The survey collects basic information necessary to

classify the institutions including control, level, and

kinds of programs; information on tuition, fees, and

room and board charges; and unduplicated full-year

enrollment counts and instructional activity.

Fall Enrollment

This survey has been part of the HEGIS and

IPEDS series since 1966. The enrollment survey response rate is relatively high; the 1994 response rate

was 95.7 percent. Major sources of nonsampling

error for this survey as identified in the 1979 report

were classification problems, the unavailability of

needed data, interpretation of definitions, the survey

due date, and operational errors. Of these, the classification of students appears to have been the main

source of error. Institutions had problems in correctly

classifying first-time freshmen and other first-time

students for both full-time and part-time categories.

These problems occurred most often at 2-year institutions (private and public) and private 4-year institutions. In the 1977–78 HEGIS validation studies, the

classification problem led to an estimated overcount
102 GUIDE TO SOURCES

of 11,000 full-time students and an undercount of

19,000 part-time students. Although the ratio of error

to the grand total was quite small (less than 1 percent), the percentage of errors was as high as 5 percent for detailed student levels and even higher at

certain aggregation levels.

Beginning with fall 1986, the survey system was

redesigned with the introduction of the Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) (see

above). The IPEDS system comprises all postsecondary institutions, but also maintains comparability with earlier surveys by allowing HEGIS institutions

to be tabulated separately. The survey allows (in alternating years) for the collection of age and residence data.

Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of FullTime Instructional Faculty

This institutional survey has been conducted for

most years from 1966–67 to 1994–95, and annually

since 1989–90. Although the survey form changed a

number of times during those years, only comparable

data are presented in this report.

Between 1966–67 and 1985–86 this survey differed from other HEGIS surveys in that imputations

were not made for nonrespondents. Thus, there is

some possibility that the salary averages presented

in this report may differ from the results of a complete enumeration of all colleges and universities.

Beginning with the surveys for 1987–88, the IPEDS

data tabulation procedures included imputations for

survey nonrespondents. The response rate for the

1994–95 survey was 94.7 percent for higher education institutions. Because of the higher response

rate for public colleges, it is probable that the public

colleges’ salary data are more accurate than the data

for private colleges. Although data from these surveys are not subject to sampling error, sources of

nonsampling error may include computational errors

and misclassification in reporting and processing.

NCES reviews individual colleges’ data for internal

and longitudinal consistency and contacts the colleges to check inconsistent data.

Completions

This survey was part of the HEGIS series throughout its existence. However, the degree classification

taxonomy was revised in 1970–71, 1982–83, and

1991–92. Collection of degree data has been maintained through the IPEDS system.

Though information from survey years 1970–71

through 1981–82 is directly comparable, care must

be taken if information before or after that period is

included in any comparison. Degrees-conferred trend

tables arranged by the 1991–92 classification are included in the HBCU to provide consistent data from

1970–71 to 1993–94. The nonresponse rate did not

appear to be a significant source of nonsampling

error for this survey. The return rate over the years

has been high, with the higher education response

rate for the 1993–94 survey at 97.3 percent. The

overall response rate including the noncollegiate institutions is 83.2 percent. Because of the high return

rate for the institutions of higher education,

nonsampling error caused by imputation is also minimal.

The major sources of nonsampling error for this

survey were differences between the NCES program

taxonomy and taxonomies used by the colleges,

classification of double majors, operational problems,

and survey timing. In the 1979 HEGIS validation

study, these sources of nonsampling contributed to

an error rate of 0.3 percent overreporting of bachelor’s degrees and 1.3 percent overreporting of master’s degrees. The differences, however, varied

greatly among fields. Over 50 percent of the fields

selected for the validation study had no errors identified. Categories of fields that had large differences

were business and management, education, engineering, letters, and psychology. It was also shown

that differences in proportion to the published figures

were less than 1 percent for most of the selected

fields that had some errors. Exceptions to these

were: master’s and Ph.D. programs in labor and industrial relations (20 percent and 8 percent); bachelor’s and master’s programs in art education (3 percent and 4 percent); bachelor’s and Ph.D. programs

in business and commerce (5 percent and 9 percent); master’s programs in philosophy (8 percent);

and Ph.D. programs in psychology (11 percent).

Financial Statistics

This survey was part of the HEGIS series and has

been continued under the IPEDS system. Changes

were made in the financial survey instruments in fiscal years (FY) 1976, 1982, and 1987. The FY 76 survey instrument contained numerous revisions to earlier survey forms and made direct comparisons of

line items very difficult. Beginning in FY 82, Pell

Grant data were collected in the categories of federal

restricted grants and contracts revenues and in restricted scholarships and fellowships expenditures.

The introduction of IPEDS in the FY 87 survey included several important changes to the survey instrument and data processing procedures. While

these changes were significant, considerable effort

has been made to present only comparable information on trends in this report and to note inconsistencies. Finance tables for this publication have been

adjusted by subtracting the largely duplicative Pell

Grant amounts from the later data to maintain comparability with pre-FY 82 data.

Possible sources of nonsampling error in the financial statistics include nonresponse, imputation, and
GUIDE TO SOURCES 103

misclassification. The response rate has been about

85 to 90 percent for most of the years reported. The

response rate for the FY 1994 survey was 94.8 percent.

Two general methods of imputation were used in

HEGIS. If the prior year’s data were available for a

nonresponding institution, these data were inflated

using the Higher Education Price Index and adjusted

according to changes in enrollments. If no previous

year’s data were available, current data were used

from peer institutions selected for location (state or

region), control, level, and enrollment size of institution. In most cases estimates for nonreporting institutions in IPEDS were made using data from peer institutions.

Beginning with FY 87, the IPEDS survey system

included all postsecondary institutions, but maintained comparability with earlier surveys by allowing

2- and 4-year HEGIS institutions to be tabulated separately. The finance data tabulated for this publication reflect totals for the HEGIS or higher education

institutions only. For FY 87 through FY 94, in order

to maintain comparability with the historical time series of HEGIS institutions, data were combined from

two of the three different survey forms that make up

the IPEDS survey system. The vast majority of the

data were tabulated from Form 1, which was used to

collect information from public and private nonprofit

2- and 4-year colleges. Form 2, a condensed form,

was used to gather data for the 2-year proprietary institutions. Because of the differences in the data requested on the two forms, several assumptions were

made about the Form 2 reports so that their figures

could be included in the institutions of higher education totals.

In IPEDS, the Form 2 institutions were not asked

to separate appropriations from grants and contracts,

nor state from local sources of funding. For the Form

2 institutions, all the federal revenues were assumed

to be federal grants and contracts and all of the state

and local revenues were assumed to be restricted

state grants and contracts. All other Form 2 sources

of revenue, except for tuition and fees and for sales

and services of educational activities, were included

under ‘‘other.’’ Similar adjustments were made to the

expenditure accounts. The Form 2 institutions reported expenditures for instruction and for scholarships and fellowships only. All other educational and

general expenditures were allocated to academic

support.

To reduce reporting error, NCES uses national

standards for reporting finance statistics. These

standards are contained in College and University

Business Administration: Administrative Services

(1974 Edition), and the Financial Accounting and Reporting Manual for Higher Education (1990 Education), published by the National Association of College and University Business Officers; Audits of Colleges and Universities (as amended August 31,

1974), by the American Institute of Certified Public

Accountants; and HEGIS Financial Reporting Guide

(1980), by NCES. Wherever possible, definitions and

formats in the survey form are consistent with those

in these four accounting texts.

Staff

The fall staff data presented in this publication

were collected by NCES, through the IPEDS system,

which collected data from postsecondary institutions,

including all 2- and 4-year higher education institutions. The NCES collects staff data biennially in odd

numbered years in institutions of postsecondary education.

The IPEDS ‘‘Fall Staff’’ questionnaires were mailed

out by NCES; the respondents reported the number

of employees in their institution as of January 15,

1994. The ‘‘Fall Staff’’questionnaires were mailed out

by NCES between October and November 1993; the

respondents reported the employment statistics in

their institution that cover the payroll period closest to

October 1 of the survey year.

The ‘‘Fall Staff’’ survey had an overall response

rate of 87.2 percent. The response rate for higher

education institutions was 92.2 percent.

105

Methodology

The preparation of this report required examination

of detailed data from some relatively small institutions. For purposes of this particular report, a number

of adjustments were made to the data on the tape to

enable accurate comparisons of trends for very small

levels of aggregations. There were several types of

problems including missing data and improper reporting. The following notes describe general categories

of information from the survey data tape that were

adjusted and how the adjustments were computed.

Enrollment

1984

Several institutions had missing race/ethnicity

data. New data were estimated by averaging

racial/ethnic distributions for 1982 and 1986.

Since Central State was also missing 1986

data, 1984 data were estimated by applying

the 1980 to 1982 growth rate to the 1984

data. The adjusted data were verified by calling the institutions. The following institutions

were affected by these adjustments:

Paine College, Georgia;

Tougaloo College, Mississippi;

Central State University, Ohio;

Allen University, South Carolina;

Fisk University, Tennessee.

1986

Several institutions had missing race/ethnicity

data. New data were estimated by averaging

racial/ethnic distributions for 1984 and 1988.

The adjusted data were verified by calling the

institutions. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Spelman College, Georgia;

Central State University, Ohio;

Morristown College, Tennessee;

Jarvis Christian College, Texas;

Wiley College, Texas.

1987

Several institutions had underreported or missing data. Each institution was called to obtain

actual enrollment data. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Edward Waters College, Florida;

Florida Memorial College;

Hinds Community College, Mississippi.

1988

Several institutions had underreported or missing data. Each institution was called to obtain

actual enrollment data. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Florida Memorial College;

Clark College, Georgia;

Hinds Community College, Mississippi.

1989

Several institutions had underreported or missing data. Each school was called to obtain

actual enrollment data. In addition, Clark College and Atlanta University in Georgia were

reported as two separate schools with Clark

College underreporting. These two schools

merged July 1, 1989, and became one

school, Clark Atlanta University. Appropriate

comparative enrollment data were obtained

from the new institution. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Florida Memorial College;

Atlanta University, Georgia;

Clark College, Georgia;

Morris Brown College, Georgia;

Hinds Community College, Mississippi;

Voorhees College, South Carolina;

Meharry Medical College, Tennessee.

1990

Several institutions had not reported data.

NCES estimated data for these schools by

comparing 1988 and 1989 data, except for

Hinds Community College—school was

called to get actual data. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Philander Smith, Arkansas

Edward Waters College, Florida

Florida Memorial College;
106 METHODOLOGY

Morris Brown College, Georgia;

Hinds Community College, Mississippi;

Barber Scotia, North Carolina

Allen University, South Carolina

Hampton University, Virginia

1991

Several institutions had not reported data.

NCES estimated data for these schools by

comparing 1989 and 1990 data, except for

Hinds Community College—school was

called to get actual data. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Edward Waters College, Florida

Hinds Community College, Mississippi

Allen University, South Carolina

Claflin College, South Carolina

Paul Quinn College, Texas

Texas College, Texas

1992

Several institutions had not reported data.

NCES estimated data for these schools by

comparing 1999 and 1991 data, except for

Hinds Community College—school was

called to get actual data. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Trenholm State Technical College, Alabama

Morris Brown College, Georgia

Hinds Community College, Mississippi

LeMoyne-Owen College, Tennessee

1993

Several institutions had not reported data.

NCES estimated data for these schools by

comparing 1991 and 1992 data, except for

Hinds Community College—this school was

called to get actual data. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Morris Brown College, Georgia

Spelman College, Georgia

Hinds Community College, Mississippi

1994

Several institutions had not reported data.

NCES estimated data for these schools by

comparing 1992 and 1993 data, except for

Hinds Community College—this school was

called to get actual data. The following institutions were affected by these adjustments:

Edward Waters College, Georgia

Paine College, Georgia

Hinds Community College, Mississippi

Degrees

1982–83

Several institutions did not report degree data

and no adjustments were made for this survey nonresponse. The following institutions

had missing data:

Selma University, Alabama;

Arkansas Baptist College;

Shorter College, Arkansas;

Morristown College, Tennessee.

1983–84

One institution did not report degree data and

no adjustments were made for this survey

nonresponse. The following institution had

missing data:

Morristown College, Tennessee.

1984–85

Several institutions did not report degree data

and no adjustments were made for this survey nonresponse. The following institutions

had missing data:

Philander Smith College, Arkansas;

Florida Memorial College;

Lewis College of Business, Michigan;

Prentiss Institute, Mississippi;

Central State University, Ohio;

Allen University, South Carolina.

1986–87

One institution (Hinds Community College) did

not report degree data, but provided information for this study. The following institution

was affected:

Hinds Community College, Mississippi.

1987–88

One institution (Hinds Community College) did

not report degree data, but provided information for this study. The following institution

was adjusted:

Hinds Community College, Mississippi.

1988–89

One institution (Hinds Community College) did

not report degree data, but provided information for this study. One institution (Texas

Southern University) did not report race data

and imputations were made for this institution

by comparing the race distribution for de-
METHODOLOGY 107

grees in 1986–87. Two other institutions did

not report data and were not adjusted, because their previous years’ numbers were too

small. The following institutions were affected

by these data changes:

C.A. Fredd State College, Alabama;

Carver School, Alabama;

Hinds Community College, Mississippi;

Texas Southern University.

1989–90

One institution (Hinds Community College) did

not report degree data, but provided information for this study. The following institution

was adjusted:

Hinds Community College, Mississippi.

1990–91

Several institutions did not report degree data.

NCES estimated these data for these institutions by comparing the previous year, except

for Hinds Community College—this school

was called to get actual data. The following

institutions had adjustments:

Edward Waters College, Florida

Morehouse College, Georgia

Hinds Community College, Mississippi

Barber Scotia College, North Carolina

Allen University, South Carolina

Paul Quinn College, Texas

1991–92

Several institutions did not report degree data.

NCES estimated these data for these institutions by comparing the previous year, except

for Hinds Community College— school was

called to get actual data. The following institutions had adjustments:

Howard University, District of Columbia

Hinds Community College, Mississippi

LeMoyne-Owen College, Tennessee

1992–93

Several institutions did not report degree data.

NCES estimated these data for these institutions by comparing the previous year, except

for Hinds Community College—this school

was called to get actual data. The following

institutions had adjustments:

Morris Brown College, Georgia

Paine College, Georgia

Hinds Community College, Mississippi

1993–94

All institutions reported degree data except

Hinds Community College—this school was

called to get actual data. The following institution had adjustments:

Hinds Community College, Mississippi

Finances

Tables in this report have footnotes on the

schools for which data were imputed by

NCES. These estimates were made by comparing the previous year.

Salaries

Tables in this report have footnotes on the

schools for which data were imputed by

NCES. These estimates were made by comparing the previous year.

Staff

Tables in this report have footnotes on the

schools for which data were imputed by

NCES. These estimates were made by comparing the previous year.

109

Definitions

Academic support This category of college expenditures includes expenditures for support services

that are an integral part of the institution’s primary

missions of instruction, research, or public service.

Includes expenditures for libraries, galleries, audiovisual services, academic computing support, ancillary support, academic administration, personnel development, and course and curriculum development.

Appropriation (institutional revenues) An amount

(other than a grant or contract) received from or

made available to an institution through an act of a

legislative body.

Associate degree A degree granted for the successful completion of a sub-baccalaureate program

of studies, usually requiring at least 2 years (or

equivalent) of full-time college-level study. This includes degrees granted in a cooperative or workstudy program.

Auxiliary enterprises This category includes those

essentially self-supporting operations which exist to

furnish a service to students, faculty, or staff, and

which charge a fee that is directly related to, although not necessarily equal to, the cost of the service. Examples are residence halls, food services, college stores, and intercollegiate athletics.

Bachelor’s degree A degree granted for the successful completion of a baccalaureate program of

studies, usually requiring at least 4 years (or equivalent) of full-time college-level study. This includes degrees granted in a cooperative or work-study program.

Business Program of instruction that prepares individuals for a variety of activities in planning, organizing, directing, and controlling business office systems

and procedures.

College A postsecondary school which offers general or liberal arts education, usually leading to an

associate, bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, or first-professional degree. Junior colleges and community colleges are included under this terminology.

Constant dollars Dollar amounts that have been

adjusted by means of price and cost indexes to eliminate inflationary factors and allow direct comparison

across years.

Consumer Price Index (CPI) This price index

measures the average change in the cost of a fixed

market basket of goods and services purchased by

consumers.

Current dollars Dollar amounts that have not been

adjusted to compensate for inflation.

Current-fund expenditures (higher education)

Money spent to meet current operating costs, including salaries, wages, utilities, student services, public

services, research libraries, scholarships and fellowships, auxiliary enterprises, hospitals, and independent operations. Excludes loans, capital expenditures,

and investments.

Current-fund revenues (higher education) Money

received during the current fiscal year from revenue

which can be used to pay obligations currently due,

and surpluses reappropriated for the current fiscal

year.

Doctor’s degree An earned degree carrying the

title of Doctor. The Doctor of Philosophy degree

(Ph.D.) is the highest academic degree and requires

mastery within a field of knowledge and demonstrated ability to perform scholarly research. Other

doctorates are awarded for fulfilling specialized requirements in professional fields, such as education

(Ed.D.), musical arts (D.M.A.), business administration (D.B.A.), and engineering (D.Eng. or D.E.S.).

Many doctor’s degrees in academic and professional

fields require an earned master’s degree as a prerequisite. First-professional degrees, such as M.D.

and D.D.S., are not included under this heading.

Educational and general expenditures The sum

of current funds expenditures on instruction, research, public service, academic support, student

services, institutional support, operation and maintenance of plant, and awards from restricted and unrestricted funds.

Endowment A trust fund set aside to provide a

perpetual source of revenue from the proceeds of the

endowment investments. Endowment funds are often

created by donations from benefactors of an institution, who may designate the use of the endowment

revenue. Normally, institutions or their representatives manage the investments, but they are not per-
110 DEFINITIONS

mitted to spend the endowment fund itself, only the

proceeds from the investments. Typical uses of endowments would be an endowed chair for a particular department or for a scholarship fund. Endowment

totals tabulated in this book also include funds functioning as endowments, such as funds left over from

the previous year and placed with the endowment investments by the institution. These funds may be

withdrawn by the institution and spent as current

funds at any time. Endowments are evaluated by two

different measures, book value and market value.

Book value is the purchase price of the endowment

investment. Market value is the current worth of the

endowment investment. Thus, the book value of a

stock held in an endowment fund would be the purchase price of the stock. The market value of the

stock would be its selling price as of a given day.

Enrollment The total number of students registered

in a given school unit at a given time, generally in

the fall of a year.

Expenditures Charges incurred, whether paid or

unpaid, which are presumed to benefit the current

fiscal year. For institutions of higher education, these

include current outlays plus capital outlays.

Federal sources Includes federal appropriations,

grants, and contracts, and federally funded research

and development centers (FFRDCs). Federally subsidized student loans and Pell Grants are not included.

First-professional degree A degree that signifies

both completion of the academic requirements for

beginning practice in a given profession and a level

of professional skill beyond that normally required for

a bachelor’s degree. This degree usually is based on

a program requiring at least 2 academic years of

work prior to entrance and a total of at least 6 academic years of work to complete the degree program, including both prior-required college work and

the professional program itself. By NCES definition,

first-professional degrees are awarded in the fields of

dentistry (D.D.S or D.M.D.), medicine (M.D.), optometry (O.D.), osteopathic medicine (D.O.), pharmacy

(D.Phar.), podiatric medicine (D.P.M.), veterinary

medicine (D.V.M.), chiropractic (D.C. or D.C.M.), law

(J.D.), and theological professions (M.Div. or M.H.L.).

First-professional enrollment The number of students enrolled in a professional school or program

which requires at least 2 years of academic college

work for entrance and a total of at least 6 years for

a degree. By NCES definition, first-professional enrollment includes only students in certain programs.

See First-professional degree for a list of programs.

Full-time enrollment The number of students enrolled in higher education courses with total credit

load equal to at least 75 percent of the normal fulltime course load.

Full-time-equivalent (FTE) enrollment For institutions of higher education, enrollment of full-time students, plus the full-time equivalent of part-time students as reported by institutions. In the absence of

an equivalent reported by an institution, the FTE enrollment is estimated by adding one-third of part-time

enrollment to full-time enrollment.

Full-time instructional faculty Those members of

the instruction/research staff who are employed full

time as defined by the institution, including faculty

with released time for research and faculty on sabbatical leave. Full-time counts exclude faculty who

are employed to teach less than two semesters,

three quarters, two trimesters, or two 4-month sessions; replacements for faculty on sabbatical leave or

those on leave without pay; faculty for preclinical and

clinical medicine; faculty who are donating their services; faculty who are members of military organizations and paid on a different pay scale from civilian

employees; academic officers, whose primary duties

are administrative; and graduate students who assist

in the instruction of courses.

Government appropriation An amount (other than

a grant or contract) received from or made available

to an institution through an act of a legislative body.

Government grant or contract Revenues from a

government agency for a specific research project or

other program.

Graduate enrollment The number of students who

hold the bachelor’s or first-professional degree, or

the equivalent, and who are working towards a master’s or doctor’s degree. First-professional students

are counted separately. These enrollment data

measure those students who are registered at a particular time during the fall. At some institutions, graduate enrollment also includes students who are in

postbaccalaureate classes but not in degree programs. Graduate enrollment includes all students in

regular graduate programs and all students in

postbaccalaureate classes but not in degree programs (unclassified postbaccalaureate students).

Graduation Formal recognition given an individual

for the successful completion of a prescribed program of studies.

Higher education Study beyond secondary school

at an institution that offers programs terminating in

an associate, baccalaureate, or higher degree.
DEFINITIONS 111

Higher education institutions (traditional classification)

4-year institution An institution legally authorized to offer and offering at least a 4-year program

of college-level studies wholly or principally creditable toward a baccalaureate degree.

2-year institution An institution legally authorized to offer and offering at least a 2-year program

of college-level studies which terminates in an associate degree or is principally creditable toward a

baccalaureate degree.

Higher Education Price Index A price index which

measures average changes in the prices of goods

and services purchased by colleges and universities

through current-fund education and general expenditures (excluding expenditures for sponsored research

and auxiliary enterprises).

Historically black colleges and universities Accredited institutions of higher education established

prior to 1964 with the principal mission of educating

black Americans. Federal regulations (20 USC 1061

(2)) allow for certain exceptions of the founding date.

Independent operations A group of self-supporting

activities under control of a college or university. For

purposes of financial surveys conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics, this category is

composed principally of Federally Funded Research

and Development Centers (FFRDC).

Institutional support The category of higher education expenditures that includes day-to-day operational support for colleges, excluding expenditures

for physical plant operations. Examples of institutional support include general administrative services,

executive direction and planning, legal and fiscal operations, and community relations.

Instruction That category including expenditures of

the colleges, schools, departments, and other instructional divisions of higher education institutions

and expenditures for departmental research and public service which are not separately budgeted. Includes expenditures for both credit and noncredit activities. Excludes expenditures for academic administration where the primary function is administration

(e.g., academic deans).

Land-grant colleges The First Morrill Act of 1862

facilitated the establishment of colleges through

grants of land or funds in lieu of land. The Second

Morrill Act in 1890 provided for money grants and for

the establishment of black land-grant colleges and

universities in those states with dual systems of higher education.

Mandatory transfer A transfer of current funds that

must be made in order to fulfill a binding legal obligation of the institution. Included under mandatory

transfers are debt service provisions relating to academic and administrative buildings, including (1)

amounts set aside for debt retirement and interest

and (2) required provisions for renewal and replacement of buildings to the extent these are not financed

from other funds.

Master’s degree A degree awarded for successful

completion of a program generally requiring 1 or 2

years of full-time college-level study beyond the

bachelor’s degree. One type of master’s degree, including the Master of Arts degree, or M.A., and the

Master of Science degree, or M.S., is awarded in the

liberal arts and sciences for advanced scholarship in

a subject field or discipline and demonstrated ability

to perform scholarly research. A second type of master’s degree is awarded for the completion of a professionally oriented program, for example, an M.Ed.

in education, an M.B.A. in business administration,

an M.F.A. in fine arts, an M.M. in music, an M.S.W.

in social work, and an M.P.A. in public administration. A third type of master’s degree is awarded in

professional fields for study beyond the first-professional degree, for example, the Master of Laws

(LL.M.) and Master of Science in various medical

specializations.

Nonresident alien A person who is not a citizen of

the United States and who is in this country on a

temporary basis and does not have the right to remain indefinitely.

Normal school A normal school was an institution

which was engaged primarily in the preparation of

teachers for positions in elementary and secondary

schools. Prior to 1900, normal schools were often

secondary schools with teacher training programs.

During the early 20th century, normal schools gradually developed into higher education institutions.

Part-time enrollment The number of students enrolled in higher education courses with a total credit

load less than 75 percent of the normal full-time

credit load.

Postsecondary education The provision of formal

instructional programs with a curriculum designed primarily for students who have completed the requirements for a high school diploma or equivalent. This

includes programs of an academic, vocational, and

continuing professional education purpose, and excludes avocational and adult basic education programs.
112 DEFINITIONS

Private institution An institution which is controlled

by an individual or agency other than a state, a subdivision of a state, or the federal government, which

is usually supported primarily by other than public

funds, and the operation of whose program rests with

other than publicly elected or appointed officials.

Public institution A school or institution controlled

and operated by publicly elected or appointed officials and deriving its primary support from public

funds.

Racial/ethnic group Classification indicating general racial or ethnic heritage based on self-identification. These categories are in accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standard classification scheme presented below:

White A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle

East. Excludes persons of Hispanic origin.

Black A person having origins in any of the black

racial groups in Africa.

Hispanic A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican,

Cuban, Central or South American, or other

Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.

Asian or Pacific Islander A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East,

Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example,

China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands,

and Samoa.

American Indian or Alaskan Native A person

having origins in any of the original peoples of

North America and maintaining cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition.

Revenue All funds received from external sources,

net of refunds, and correcting transactions. Noncash

transactions such as receipt of services, commodities, or other receipts ‘‘in kind’’ are excluded as are

funds received from the issuance of debt, liquidation

of investments, and nonroutine sale of property.

Salary The total amount regularly paid or stipulated

to be paid to an individual, before deductions, for

personal services rendered while on the payroll of a

business or organization.

Sales and services Revenues derived from the

sales of goods or services that are incidental to the

conduct of instruction, research, or public service.

Examples include film rentals, scientific and literary

publications, testing services, university presses, and

dairy products.

Scholarships and fellowships This category of

college expenditures applies only to money given in

the form of outright grants and trainee stipends to individuals enrolled in formal coursework, either for

credit or not. Aid to students in the form of tuition or

fee remissions is included. College Work-Study funds

are excluded and are reported under the program in

which the student is working. In the tabulations in

this volume, Pell Grants are not included in this expenditure category.

Tuition and fees A payment or charge for instruction or compensation for services, privileges, or the

use of equipment, books, or other goods.

Undergraduate students Students registered at an

institution of higher education who are working in a

program leading to a baccalaureate degree or other

formal award below the baccalaureate, such as an

associate degree.